People Peopl e v. Tan G.R. No. 177566, March 26, 2008 Tinga, J.
FAT!" Ar#e$ #en %orci&l' &oar$e$ R(i) !ae) o in*o a car +hile he +a -(* *aing hi #eal o(*i$e hi co#pan'/ pre#ie. e +a han$c(%%e$ an$ &lin$%ol$e$ +hile ini$e *he car. A%*er $riving an ho(r, R(i) +a le$ o(* o% *he car, &ro(gh* ini$e a ho(e, an$ loce$ in*o a roo#. A cer*ain a R($' *ol$ hi# *ha* he ha$ -(* &een i$nappe$ in echange echange %or Php 30 Million %or hi %ree$o#. Mean+hile, Mean+hile, Mr. !onia o receive$ receive$ a call %ro# %ro# *he 4ice 4ice Ma'or Ma'or o% a&(' a&('ao, ao, ag( ag(na na *ha* *ha* her on on ha$ ha$ &een &een i$na i$napp ppe$. e$. !he !he i##e$ia*el' calle$ 4icePrei$en* *ra$a *o ee ai*ance. Mr. o %inall' receive$ a call call %ro# %ro# *he *he alleg allege$ e$ i$na i$napp pper er +ho +ho i$en* i$en*i%i i%ie$ e$ hi#e hi#el% l% a a R($' R($'.. The The la**e la**er r con%ir#e$ con%ir#e$ *ha* R(i) +a in hi c(*o$' an$ *he $e#an$ #one' +a lo+ere$ *o Php 1.2 Million a%*er nego*ia*ion. A%*er (rveillance, a *ea# o% police#en +ere a&le *o loca*e *he place +here R(i) +a &eing hel$ cap*ive. Police %%icer ear Mancao, *he hea$ o% *he (rveill (rveillanc ance e *ea#, *ea#, reco(n*e reco(n*e$ $ *ha* even even peron peron +ere +ere arre*e$ arre*e$.. Alo, Alo, *here *here +ere +ere everal highpo+ere$ %irear# *ha* +ere recovere$ %ro# *he ho(e. The The *ria *riall co(r co(r** ren$ ren$er ere$ e$ a $eci $ecii ion on %in$ %in$in ing g *he *he appe appell llan an* * g(il g(il*' *' &e' &e'on$ on$ reaona&le $o(&* o% i$naping +i*h rano#.
9!!:" ;he*her or no* *he appellan* co##i**e$ *he cri#e o% i$napping %or rano#.
<" No. The pri#ar' ele#en* o% i$napping i ac*(al con%ine#en*, $e*en*ion an$ re*rain* o% *he vic*i#. There #(* &e ho+ing o% ac*(al con%ine#en* or re*ric*ion o% *he vic*i#, an$ *ha* (ch $epriva*ion +a *he in*en*ion o% *he #ale%ac*or. ence, having proen *ha* $e*en*ion +a perpe*ra*e$ &' appellan*, i* i (%%icien* *o convic* *he# o% *he cri#e o% i$napping an$ erio( illegal $e*en*ion. o+ever, *he $e#an$ %or rano# +a no* clearl' a**ri&(*e$ *o an' o% *he appellan*. R(i) $iv(lge$ *ha* *he $e#an %or ran rano# o# +a +a in*i in*i#a #a*e *e$ $ *o hi# hi# &' a cer* cer*ai ain n a R($' R($'.. Mr. Mr. o, o, in her her *e* *e*i# i#on on' ', corro&ora*e$ *hi %ac*, +hen he $eclare$ *ha* *he' +ere a&le *o nego*ia*e *he a#o(n* o% rano# %ro# Php 30 Million *o Php 1.2 Million in a erie o% call #a$e &' a R($' an$ a %e#ale caller. =(* *he $(o +a never acer*aine$ *o &e an' o% *he appellan*. Th(, +e are are con* con*rai raine ne$ $ *o rever revere e *he *he -($g#e -($g#en* n* o% *he *rial *rial co(r* co(r* an$ appel appella* la*e e co(r* co(r* -($g#en* in convic*ing convic*ing appellan* appellan* o% o% i$napping i$napping %or rano#.
People v. Ro$rigo G.R. No. 17>022, Jan(ar' 2>, 2007 Tinga, J.
FAT!" n 10 !ep*e#&er 1??6, liver apara, *hen 1> 'ear o% age, +a +ai*ing %or a ri$e *o chool +hen %o(r #en %orci&l' ei)e$ an$ &oar$e$ hi# in*o a car +herein he +a &lin$%ol$e$ an$ *aen *o =ag(io. The ne* $a', lea)ar apara receive$ a call %ro# *he i$napper aing %or Php 10 Million rano# in echange %or *he releae o% hi on, liver. 9n *he #ean*i#e, *he i$napper +en* *o =oni*a Reor* in Pangainan. A%*er *hree $a' o% nego*ia*ion, *he i$napper agree$ *o lo+er *he rano# #one' *o Php 1.7 Million. Thro(gh liver/ (ncle, *he i$napper +ere a&le *o receive *he #one'. Then, *he' &ro(gh* liver *o a Pe*ron Ga !*a*ion in Me'ca(a'an igh+a', gave hi# #one' an$ *ol$ hi# hi (ncle ini$e a can*een in *he ga *a*ion +o(l$ %e*ch hi#. A%*er *he i$napping inci$en*, an inve*iga*ion +a con$(c*e$ &' *he 9n*elligence !ec*ion o% *he Philippine Na*ional Police @PNP in Malolo, =(lacan, *hro(gh !P2 pa%ro$i*o Aliling an$ !P2 An*onio h(ng*('co. 9* appear *ha* one o% *he (pec* +a a #e#&er o% an NPA re&el re*(rnee gro(p hea$e$ &' Ar#an$o Ro$rigo, Jr. :pon *he illing o% =er* i+anag, hi girl%rien$, $ela r(), +ho +a a (pec*e$ #e#&er o% *he gro(p, +a invi*e$ %or B(e*ioning. n *ha* occaion, he a$#i**e$ her par*icipa*ion in *he i$napping o% liver apara an$ i#plica*e$ appellan*.
9!!:" ;he*her or no* ele#en* con*i*(*ing *he cri#e o% i$napping are preen* *o convic* appellan* o% *he ai$ cri#e.
<" Ce. :n$er Ar*. 267 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e, *he cri#e o% i$napping i co##i**e$ +i*h *he conc(rrence o% *he %ollo+ing ele#en*, na#el'" @1 *ha* *he o%%en$er i a priva*e in$ivi$(alD @2 *ha* he i$nap or $e*ain ano*her, or in an' #anner $eprive *he la**er o% hi li&er*'D an$ @> *ha* *he ac* o% $e*en*ion or i$napping #(* &e illegalD an$ @3 *ha* in *he co##iion o% *he o%%ene, an' o% *he %ollo+ing circ(#*ance are preen*" @a *ha* *he i$napping or $e*en*ion la* %or #ore *han %ive $a'D or @& *ha* i* i co##i**e$ i#(la*ing p(&lic a(*hori*'D or @c *ha* an' erio( ph'ical in-(rie are in%lic*e$ (pon *he peron i$nappe$ or $e*aine$ or *hrea* *o ill hi# are #a$eD or @$ *ha* *he peron i$nappe$ or $e*aine$ i a #inor, %e#ale or p(&lic o%%icer. 9* i evi$en* %ro# *he *e*i#onie o% *he +i*nee *ha* *he een*ial ele#en* o% i$napping +ere preen*. Fir*, appellan* are priva*e in$ivi$(al. !econ$, liver +a a&$(c*e$ &' %o(r ar#e$ #en. Thir$, he +a $e*aine$ in a ho(e in Pangainan again* hi +ill. Fo(r*h, *he $e*en*ion la*e$ %or even $a'. Fi%*h, liver apara +a a #inor a* *he *i#e o% *he i$napping inci$en*.
Ma$ali, e* al. v. People G.R. No. 17?570, Fe&r(ar' 3, 2010 Peral*a, J.
FAT!" A%*er a con%ron*a*ion &e*+een *he vic*i# an$ her a(n* 9non
9!!:" ;he*her or no* *he cri#e co##i**e$ +a i$napping an$ erio( illegal $e*en*ion.
<" Ce. F(r*her per(al o% *he allega*ion in *he in%or#a*ion appear *ha* *he cri#e charge$ +a ac*(all' *he pecial co#ple cri#e o% i$napping an$ erio( illegal $e*en*ion an$ rape, $e%ine$ an$ penali)e$ (n$er Ar*icle 267 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e. The cri#e o% erio( illegal $e*en*ion coni* no* onl' o% placing a peron in an enclo(re, &(* alo o% $e*aining hi# or $epriving hi# in an' #anner o% hi li&er*'. For *here *o &e i$napping, i* i eno(gh *ha* *he vic*i# i re*raine$ %ro# going ho#e. 9* eence i *he ac*(al $epriva*ion o% *he vic*i#/ li&er*', co(ple$ +i*h in$(&i*a&le proo% o% *he in*en* o% *he acc(e$ *o e%%ec* (ch $epriva*ion. 9n *hi cae, al*ho(gh *he vic*i# +a no* ac*(all' con%ine$ in an encloe$ place, he +a clearl' re*raine$ an$ $eprive$ o% her li&er*', &eca(e he +a *ie$ (p an$ her #o(*h *(%%e$ +i*h a piece o% clo*h, *h(, #aing i* ver' ea' *o ph'icall' $rag her *o *he %ore* a+a' %ro# her ho#e.
People v. !ilongan G.R. No. 1>7182, April 23, 200> Per (ria#
FAT!" For a(*o#a*ic revie+ i *he $eciion o% *he RT o% E(e)on i*', =ranch 10>, convic*ing appellan* A&$ila !ilongan, Macapagal !ilongan, A#a$ A+al, Roll' a#alan, !acaria Alon, J(#&rah Manap an$ Ra#on Paa+ilan o% *he cri#e o% i$napping %or Rano# +i*h !erio( 9llegal
9!!:" ;he*her or no* *he g(il* o% *he appellan* ha &een proven &e'on$ reaona&le $o(&* *ha* i$napping +a co##i**e$ %or *he p(rpoe o% e*or*ing rano#.
<" Ce. The eence o% *he cri#e o% i$napping an$ erio( illegal $e*en*ion a $e%ine$ an$ penali)e$ in Ar*icle 267 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e i *he ac*(al $epriva*ion o% *he vic*i#/ li&er*' co(ple$ +i*h proo% &e'on$ reaona&le $o(&* o% an in*en* o% *he acc(e$ *o e%%ec* *he a#e. 9* i *h( een*ial *ha* *he %ollo+ing &e e*a&lihe$ &' *he proec(*ion" @1 *ha* *he o%%en$er i a priva*e in$ivi$(alD @2 he i$nap or $e*ain ano*her, or in an' o*her #anner $eprive *he la**er o% hi li&er*'D @> *he ac* o% $e*en*ion or i$napping #(* &e illegalD an$ @3 in *he co##iion o% *he o%%ene, an' o% *he %o(r circ(#*ance en(#era*e$ in Ar*icle 267 &e preen*. =(* i% *he i$napping +a $one %or *he p(rpoe o% e*or*ing rano#, *he %o(r*h ele#en* i no longer necear'. The proec(*ion ha e*a&lihe$ &e'on$ reaona&le $o(&* *ha* *he i$napping +a co##i**e$ %or *he p(rpoe o% e*or*ing rano# %ro# Alean$er, a *o +arran* *he #an$a*or' i#poi*ion o% *he $ea*h penal*'. 9* i no* necear' *ha* *here &e ac*(al pa'#en* o% rano# &eca(e +ha* *he la+ reB(ire i #erel' *he ei*ence o% *he p(rpoe o% $e#an$ing rano#.
People v. !(riaga G.R. No. 12>77?, April 17, 2002 Per (ria#
FAT!" n Fe&r(ar' 22, 1??5, an in%or#a*ion +a %ile$ +i*h *he RT charging R(&en !(riaga, Roi*a 0 in *he a%*ernoon o% *he %ollo+ing $a'. Joel 9i$era, having learne$ o% *he i$napping an$ +i*ho(* having par*icipa*e$ *herein a principal or acco#plice, *oo par* &' ai*ing *he principal acc(e$ *o pro%i* &' *he e%%ec* o% *he cri#e &' acco#pan'ing an$ $riving %or acc(e$ R(&en !(riaga *o *he place +here *he pa'o%% +a #a$e an$ receiving *he rano# #one' in *he a#o(n* o% Php 100,00.
9!!:" ;he*her or no* R(&en !(riaga i g(il*' o% i$napping %or rano#.
<" Ce. The eence o% i$napping i *he ac*(al $epriva*ion o% *he vic*i#/ li&er*', co(ple$ +i*h in$(&i*a&le proo% o% *he acc(e$/ in*en* *o e%%ec* *he a#e. An$ i% *he peron $e*aine$ i achil$, *he B(e*ion *ha* nee$ *o &e a$$ree$ i +eh*er *here i evi$ence *o ho+ *ha* in*aing *he chil$, *here +a $epriva*ion o% *he chil$/ li&er*' an$ *ha* i* +a *he in*en*ion o% *he acc(e$ *o $eprive$ *he #o*her o% *he chil$/ c(*o$'. :n$o(&*e$l', *he ele#en* o% i$napping %or rano# have &een (%%icien*l' e*a&lihe$ &' *he proec(*ion coni$ering *he %ollo+ing circ(#*ance" 1 appellan*, a priva*e in$ivi$(al, *oo *he 'o(ng Nicole +i*ho(* peronall' eeing per#iion %ro# her %a*herD 2 appellan* *oo *he gilr an$ &ro(gh* her *o a han*' +here Roi*a/ i*er live$, +i*ho(* in%or#ing her paren* o% *heir +herea&o(*D 2 he $e*aine$ *he chil$ an$ $eprive$ her o% her li&er*' &' %ailing *o re*(rn her *o her paren* overnigh* an$ *he %ollo+ing $a'D an$ 3 he $e#an$e$ a rano# o% Php 100,000 *hro(gh *elephone call an$ gave in*r(c*ion +here an$ ho+ i* ho(l$ &e $elivere$.
People v. lag(no G.R. No. ?1262, Jan(ar' 28, 1??8 Pangani&an, J.
FAT!" Appellan* J($' Re'e, *oge*her +i*h *+o o*her, +a charge$ in an 9n%or#a*ion +i*h *he %ollo+ing" *ha* ai$ acc(e$, ar#e$ +i*h %irear#, conniving an$ con%e$era*ing *oge*her an$ #(*(all' helping +i*h one ano*her, +i*h $eli&era*e in*en$, $i$ *hen an$ *here i$nap an$ $e*ain one =ienveni$o Merca$o, an$ +hile (n$er $e*en*ion, +i*h in*en* *o ill, +i*h *reacher' an$ evi$en* pre#e$i*a*ion, $i$ *hen an$ *here ($$enl' an$ (nepec*e$l' ho* ai$ =ienveni$o Merca$o +i*h ai$ %irear#, hi**ing hi# on *he vi*al par* o% hi &o$', *here&' in%lic*ing (pon hi# ph'ical in-(rie a a coneB(ence o% +hich he $ie$ a %e+ $a' la*er. Al*ho(gh appellan*, +a charge$ +i*h i$napping +i*h #(r$er, *he *rial co(r* convic*e$ hi# onl' o% #(r$er $e%ine$ an$ penali)e$ (n$er Ar*icle 238 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e. The *rial co(r* $i$ no*, ho+ever, %in$ hi# lia&le %or erio( illegal $e*en*ion (n$er Ar*. 267 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e &eca(e *he vic*i# +a $e*aine$ onl' %or one $a'.
9!!:" ;he*her or *he *rial co(r* i erre$ in no* %in$ing acc(e$ lia&le %or illegal $e*en*ion.
<" Ce. The *o*ali*' o% *he evi$ence preen*e$ &' *he proec(*ion (%%icien*l' prove &e'on$ reaona&le $o(&* *ha* appellan* i g(il*' o% *he cri#e o% ligh* illegal $e*en*ion (n$er Ar*icle 268 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e. The evi$ence preen*e$ &' *he proec(*ion, +hich +a (*aine$ &' *he *rial co(r*, clearl' e*a&lihe$ *ha* appellan* ha$ in %ac* $e*aine$ *he vic*i# +i*ho(* a(*hori*' *o $o o. =an)on *e*i%ie$ *ha* he +i*nee$ *he vic*i# hanging &' *he ar# in appellan* roo#. =an)on *e*i#on' igni%ican*l' -i&e +i*h *he ph'ical evi$ence ho+ing *ha* *he vic*i# (*aine$ #(l*iple a&raion in &o*h ar#. F(r*her#ore,
9* #(* &e e#phai)e$ *ha* appellan* +a charge$ +i*h *he pecial co#ple cri#e o% i$napping +i*h #(r$er, no* o% *+o in$epen$en* charge o% i$napping an$ #(r$er. 9n a co#ple cri#e, al*ho(gh *+o or #ore cri#e are ac*(all' co##i**e$, *he' con*i*(*e onl' one cri#e in *he e'e o% *he la+ a +ell a in *he concience o% *he o%%en$er. ence, in $eci$ing *hi appeal, *he o(r* i no* con%ine$ *o *he convic*ion %or #(r$erD ra*her, *he cope o% i* revie+ enco#pae *he o%%ene charge$ in *he in%or#a*ion, +hich *he proec(*ion o(gh* *o prove. 9* i a +elle**le$ $oc*rine *ha* an appeal *hro+ *he +hole cae +i$e open %or revie+ an$ e#po+er @even o&liga*e *he appella*e co(r* *o correc* (ch error a #a' &e %o(n$ in *he appeale$ -($g#en* even i% *he' have no*
&een aigne$.;hen an acc(e$ appeal, he *an$ %or a ne+ *rial o% *he +hole cae. !ince *he in%or#a*ion charge$ *he co#ple cri#e o% i$napping +i*h #(r$er, *he ac* con*i*(*ing ligh* illegal $e*en*ion +ere necearil' incl($e$ in *he in%or#a*ion, an$ #a' *h( &e vali$l' *aen in*o acco(n* in *he reol(*ion o% *he preen* appeal. Mani%e*l', appellan* +a %airl' apprie$ o% *he na*(re o% *he cri#e o% ligh* illegal $e*en*ion an$ gran*e$ a %air oppor*(ni*' *o $e%en$ hi#el%. A* *hi -(nc*(re, +e $ee# i* igni%ican* *o rei*era*e *ha* *he *rial co(r* #erel' #a$e a %in$ing *ha* appellan* co(l$ no* &e convic*e$ o% erio( illegal $e*en*ion %or *he ole reaon *ha* *he vic*i# $e*en*ion $i$ no* ecee$ %ive $a'. The co(r* a quo, ho+ever, %o(n$ *ha* appellan* illegall' $e*aine$ *he vic*i# %or a* lea* one $a', +hich ac* &' i*el% con*i*(*e ligh* illegal $e*en*ion. =ei$e, *he *rial co(r* apprecia*e$ *he ac* con*i*(*ing ligh* illegal $e*en*ion a a B(ali%'ing circ(#*ance, i.e., e#plo'ing #ean *o +eaen *he $e%ene. ;hile +e %in$ no proo% &e'on$ reaona&le $o(&* *o (*ain a convic*ion %or #(r$er, *he recor$ in$ip(*a&l' prove c(lpa&ili*' %or ligh* illegal $e*en*ion
People v.
FAT!"Appellan* Nari*o alia Naring
9!!:" ;he*her or no* *rial co(r* erre$ in convic*ing appellan* +i*h i$napping an$ erio( illegal $e*en*ion.
<" Ce. =ae$ %ro# *he evi$ence preen*e$ $(ring *he *rial, *he appellan* i g(il*' &e'on$ reaona&le $o(&* o% i$napping *he vic*i#. o+ever, ince none o% *he circ(#*ance #en*ione$ in Ar*icle 267 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e @i$napping +i*h erio( illegal $e*en*ion +a prove$ an$ onl' *he %ac* o% i$napping +a e*a&lihe$, +e %in$ *ha* *he cri#e co##i**e$ i slight illegal detention under Article 268 of the Revised Penal Code.
People v. Pa*rana G.R. No. 13>633, A(g(* 13, 2002 Cnare!an*iago, J.
FAT!" The RT o% Manila =ranch 18 convic*e$ Pa*rana o% viola*ing Ar*icle 270 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e, or *he cri#e o% i$napping an$ %ail(re *o re*(rn a #inor an$ i#poe$ *he penal*' reclusion perpetua. 9n 1??7 he +a en*r(*e$ +i*h *he care o% ;ill', a nine 'ear ol$ &o' &' *he #o*her r#a +ho +or a an F; in ana$a. =eca(e o% r#a/ %ail(re *o %(l%ill *he $e#an$ %or %inancial (ppor* %or Pa*rana/ +a*er p(#p an$ %or proceing o% paper %or +or in !ingapore, Pa*rana &ro(gh* *he &o' *o her apar*#en* in Ton$o. e +a $eclare$ #iing &' *he rela*ive an$ *he #o*her ha$ *o co#e ho#e *o *he Philppine.
9!!:" ;he*her or no* acc(e$ co##i**e$ *he cri#e o% i$napping an$ %ail(re *o re*(rn Minor
<" Ce. !ai$ o%%ene reB(ire *ha* 1 *he o%%en$er i en*r(*e$ +i*h c(*o$' o% #inor an$ 2 *he o%%en$er %ail *o re*ore *he #inor *o hi paren* or g(ar$ian. Pa*rana (e$ *he &o' a pa+n +hen $e#an$ %or #one' +a re%(e$ &' r#a. Fail(re *o re*(rn *he &o' con(##a*e$ *he cri#e. ;here%ore, Pa*rana/ convic*ion i a%%ir#e$ +i*h penal*' o% reclusion perpetua +i*h #o$i%ica*ion an$ re$(c*ion o% #oral an$ no#inal $a#age in *he (# o% Php 150,000 +i*h 6H in*ere* per ann(#.
People v. T' G.R. No. 12151?, c*o&er >0, 1??6 ap(nan, J.
FAT!" Acc(e$appellan* T' o+n, a$#ini*er an$ #anage !*. John/ linic in aloocan. 9n 1?87, co#plainan* Johanna !o#&ong &ro(gh* her ic $a(gh*er Ara&ella, *hen onl' even #on*h ol$, %or *rea*#en* in *he hopi*al o% acc(e$appellan*. The in%an* +a $iagnoe$ +i*h &ronchi*i an$ $iarrhea, *h( co#plainan* +a a$vie$ *o con%ine *he %or#er a* *he clinic %or pee$' recover. A +ee la*er, +hen *he in%an* +a %(ll' recovere$, *he co#plainan* ca#e &ac &(* $i$ no* have eno(gh #one' *o pa' *he hopi*al &ill in *he a#o(n* o% Php >00. !he con%i$e$ *o
9!!:" ;he*her or no* acc(e$appellan* co##i**e$ *he cri#e o% i$napping an$ %ail(re *o re*(rn a #inor.
<" No. To &e convic*e$ %or i$napping an$ %ail(re *o re*(rn a #inor (n$er Ar*icle 270 %o *he Revie$ Penal o$e, *+o ele#en* #(* conc(r, na#el'" @a *he o%%en$er ha &een en*r(*e$ +i*h *he c(*o$' o% *he #inor, an$ @& *he o%%en$er $eli&era*el' %ail *o re*ore ai$ #inor *o hi paren* or g(ar$ian. The een*ial ele#en* herein i *ha* *he o%%en$er i en*r(*e$ +i*h *he c(*o$' o% *he #inor &(* +ha* i ac*(all' p(niha&le i no* *he i$napping o% *he #inor, &(* ra*her *he $eli&era*e %ail(re or re%(al o% *he c(*o$ian o% *he #inor *o re*ore *he la**er *o hi paren* or g(ar$ian. !ai$ %ail(re or re%(al #(* no* onl' &e $eli&era*e &(* alo &e peri*en* a *o o&lige *he paren* or *he g(ar$ian o% *he chil$ *o ee *he ai$ o% *he co(r* in or$er *o o&*ain c(*o$'. 9n *he cae a* &ar, i* i evi$en* *ha* *here +a no $eli&era*e re%(al or %ail(re on *he par* o% *he acc(e$ appellan* *o re*ore *he c(*o$' o% *he co#plainan* chil$ *o her. ;hen *he acc(e$ appellan* learne$ *ha* co#plainan* +an*e$ her $a(gh*er &ac a%*er %ive @5 long 'ear o% apparen* +an*on neglec*, *he' *rie$ *heir &e* *o help herein co#plainan* %in$ *he chil$ a *he la**er +a no longer (n$er *he clinic care. Acc(e$appellan*
People v. Rol(na G.R. No. 1017?7, March 23, 1??3 P(no, J.
FAT!" An in%or#a*ion +a charge$ again* eigh* peron %or *he cri#e o% i$napping +i*h M(r$er &e%ore *he RT, =ranch 13, =a'&a', e'*e. ne o% *hoe charge$ +a acc(e$appellan* A&(n$io Rol(na. The in%or#a*ion again* *he# rea$ a %ollo+" Tha* on or a&o(* *he 27 *h $a' o% Ma', 1?83, in *he #(nicipali*' o% =a'&a', Province o% e'*e, Philippine an$ +i*hin *he -(ri$ic*ion o% *hi onora&le o(r*, *he a&ovena#e$ acc(e$, conpiring, con%e$era*ing an$ #(*(all' helping +i*h one ano*her, +i*h *he (e o% %irear# an$ *aing a$van*age o% (perior *reng*h, $i$ *hen an$ *here +ill%(ll', (nla+%(ll' an$ %elonio(l' hog*ie an$ i$nap one Ana*alio Moronia an$ *ae hi# a+a' *o a place (nno+n (p @*o *hi *i#e +herea* ai$ vic*i# +a ille$.
A%*er *he *rial, *he co(r* a quo pro#(lga*e$ i* $eciion, %in$ing Rol(na g(il*' &e'on$ reaona&le $o(&* o% *he co#ple ri#e o% i$napping +i*h M(r$er. ence *hi appeal.
9!!:" ;he*her or no* *he evi$ence preen*e$ i (%%icien* *o e*a&lih *ha* acc(e$ appellan* an$ hi co#panion +ere lia&le %or *he o%%ene charge$.
<" No. An acc(e$ i pre(#e$ innocen* (n*il proven o*her+ie. No le *han proo% &e'on$ reaona&le $o(&* i reB(ire$ *o convic* hi#. n *he +hole, *he evi$ence a$$(ce$ &' *he proec(*ion +o(l$ no* prove &e'on$ a ha$o+ o% a $o(&* *ha* acc(e$ appellan* ho(l$ &e convic*e$ %or *he erio( cri#e o% i$napping +i*h #(r$er.
!ince none o% *he circ(#*ance #en*ione$ in Ar*icle 267 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e @i$napping +i*h erio( illegal $e*en*ion +a prove$ an$ onl' *he %ac* o% i$napping o% Ana*alio Moronia +a e*a&lihe$, +e %in$ *ha* *he cri#e co##i**e$ i ligh* illegal $e*en*ion (n$er Ar*icle 268 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e. 9n *he eec(*ion o% *he cri#e, #ore *han *hree @> ar#e$ #ale%ac*or ac*e$ *oge*her in i* co##iion. Th(, ince *he generic aggrava*ing circ(#*ance o% &an$ a**en$e$ *he co##iion o% *he cri#e an$ *here &eing no #i*iga*ing circ(#*ance preen*, *he penal*' o% reclusion temporal in i* #ai#(# perio$ a #ai#(# an$ prision mayor a #ini#(# ho(l$ &e i#poe$ on acc(e$appellan*.
People v. Men$o)a G.R. No. 67610, J(l' >1, 1?8? Fernan, .J.
FAT!" 9n%or#a*ion charge$ Angelina Men$o)a Ra#o +i*h *he cri#e o% i$napping an$ Fail(re *o Re*(rn a Minor. The in%or#a*ion con*aine$ *he %ollo+ing" Tha* on or a&o(* !ep*e#&er 28, 1?82, in *he i*' o% Manila, Philippine, *he ai$ acc(e$, &eing a priva*e in$ivi$(al an$ +i*ho(* a(*hori*' o% la+ $i$ *hen an$ *here +il%(ll', (nla+%(ll', %elonio(l' an$ illegall' i$nap an$ carr' a+a' <;AR< P9ARP9, a one 'ear an$ *hree #on*h ol$ &a&' &o', %or *he p(rpoe o% elling hi# an$ epara*ing hi# %ro# hi #o*her, Mr. :GN9A T. P9ARP9, &' *hen an$ *here, &e%rien$ing *he ai$ chil$ an$ hi paren* a* *he (ne*a Par, *hi i*', carr'ing hi# a+a' +i*ho(* *he no+le$ge an$ conen* o% hi ai$ paren*, an$ $eli&era*el' %ailing *o re*(rn hi# *o ai$ (genia T. Policarpio, hi #o*her.
Giving %(ll cre$ence *o *he proec(*ion verion an$ re-ec*ing a incre$i&le an$ (naccep*a&le *he $e%ene o% *he acc(e$appellan* *ha* *he #inor chil$ $+ar$ +a vol(n*raril' given *o her &' hi paren* *o *ae care o%, *he *rial co(r* convic*e$ acc(e$ appellan* o% *he cri#e o% i$napping a Minor in viola*ion o% Ar*icle 270 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e. ence *hi appeal.
9!!:" ;he*her or no* *rial co(r* erre$ in convic*ing acc(e$ +i*h i$napping o% a #inor.
<" Ce. ;hile *he 9n%or#a*ion again* acc(e$appellan* i cap*ione$ Ii$napping an$ Fail(re *o Re*(rn a MinorI, *he allega*ion in *he &o$' *hereo% properl' con*i*(*e *he cri#e o% i$napping an$ !erio( 9llegal
9* i +elle**le$ *ha* *he real na*(re o% *he cri#inal charge i $e*er#ine$ no* %ro# *he cap*ion or prea#&le o% *he 9n%or#a*ion nor %ro# *he peci%ica*ion o% *he proviion o% la+ allege$ *o have &een viola*e$, *he' &eing concl(ion o% la+, &(* &' *he ac*(al reci*al o% %ac* in *he co#plain* or in%or#a*ion.
People v. !an*o G.R. No. 130073, Fe&r(ar' 27, 2002 4i*(g, J.
FAT!"
9n%or#a*ion +a %ile$ again* repon$en* %or *he cri#e o% i$napping an$
!erio( 9llegal
9!!:" ;he*her or no* *he *rial co(r* erre$ in convic*ing repon$en* +i*h *he cri#e o% i$napping an$ !erio( 9llegal
<" Ce. The *rial co(r* ha$ +ell%o(n$e$ reaon *o concl($e *ha* *he ocalle$ Ienco(n*erI &e*+een *he 9! agen* an$ Joephine !an*o an$ co#pan' +ere in$ee$ %ar %ro# &eing Ip(rel' acci$en*al.I =(* *ha* i -(* a&o(* all. No*hing ele can &e ga*here$ *o (ppor* *he charge o% i$napping. The circ(#*ance *ha* have (r%ace$ in*ea$ +arran* a convic*ion %or grave coercion. Grave coercion i co##i**e$ +hen a peron preven* ano*her %ro# $oing o#e*hing no* prohi&i*e$ &' la+ or co#pelling hi# *o $o o#e*hing again* hi +ill, +he*her i* &e righ* or +rong, an$ +i*ho(* an' a(*hori*' o% la+, &' #ean, o% violence, *hrea* or in*i#i$a*ion. 9* ele#en* are Fir*, *ha* *he o%%en$er ha preven*e$ ano*her %ro# $oing o#e*hing no* prohi&i*e$ &' la+, or *ha* he ha co#pelle$ hi# *o $o o#e*hing again* hi +ill, &e i* righ* or +rongD econ$, *ha* *he preven*ion or co#p(lion i e%%ec*e$ &' violence, ei*her &' #a*erial %orce or (ch $ipla' o% %orce a +o(l$ pro$(ce in*i#i$a*ion an$ con*rol over *he +ill o% *he o%%en$e$ par*'D an$, *hir$, *ha* *he o%%en$er +ho ha re*raine$ *he +ill an$ li&er*' o% ano*her $i$ o +i*ho(* an' righ* or a(*hori*' o% la+. ;here *here i a variance &e*+een *he o%%ene charge$ in *he co#plain* or in%or#a*ion an$ *ha* prove$ an$ *he o%%ene charge$ necearil' incl($e *he leer o%%ene e*a&lihe$ in evi$ence, *he acc(e$ can &e convic*e$ o% *he o%%ene prove$.
People v. 4illa#ar G.R. No. 121175, Nove#&er 3, 1??8 Ro#ero, J.
FAT!" =ae$ %ro# *he %ac* o% *he cae, 4illa#ar +en* *o *he ho(e o% *he co#plainan* or*e) an$ inB(ire$ i% *he la**er +a in*ere*e$ in a$op*ing her $a(gh*er. :na&le *o re%(e, or*e) accep*e$ *he o%%er an$ i##e$ia*el' prepare$ a !in(#paang !ala'a' *o %or#ali)e *he a$op*ion. :n%or*(na*el', 4illa#ar regre**e$ her $eciion an$ *rie$ *o *ae her $a(gh*er &ac %ro# or*e). :n%or*(na*el', or*e) vehe#en*l' re%(e$ *o relinB(ih *he c(*o$' o% *he girl. Accor$ing *he or*e), ening i##inen* $anger, 4illa#ar $e#an$e$ #one' an$ a ge*a+a' vehicle *o e*rica*e herel% %ro# her pre$ica#en*. n *he o*her han$, *he $e%ene narra*e a $i%%eren* cenario. 4illa#ar a$#i* *ha* a *r(ggle $i$ occ(r &e*+een her an$ or*e), a%*er *he la**er re%(e$ her reB(e* %or *he re*(rn o% her chil$. o+ever, +hile he acno+le$ge$ *ha* he &ran$ihe$ a pair o% cior &e%ore or*e), *hi +a #o*iva*e$ #ore o(* o% %ear o% *he cro+$ ae#&le$ o(*i$e *he ho(e +hich #igh* har# her. 9n o*her +or$, in or$er *o pro*ec* herel%, he ha$ *o (e or*e) a a Ih(#an hiel$I *o eep *he cro+$ a* &a'. The *rial co(r*, no* having &een convince$ +i*h 4illa#ar verion o% *he inci$en*, convic*e$ her %or erio( illegal $e*en*ion an$ le erio( ph'ical in-(rie, &(* a* *he a#e *i#e acB(i**e$ her on *he charge o% %r(*ra*e$ #(r$er.
9!!:" ;he*her or no* *rial co(r* erre$ in convic*ing 4illa#ar +i*h erio( illegal $e*en*ion an$ le erio( ph'ical in-(rie.
<" Ce. on*rar' *o *he proec(*ion/ aer*ion, *hi o(r* i o% *he opinion *ha* 4illa#ar ha$ no in*en*ion *o i$nap or $eprive or*e) o% her peronal li&er*'. The (n$enia&le %ac* *ha* *he p(rpoe o% 4illa#ar +a *o ee *he re*(rn o% her chil$ +a never aaile$ &' *he proec(*ion. :n*il *he $e%en$an* p(rpoe *o $e*ain *he o%%en$e$ par*' i ho+n, a proec(*ion %or illegal $e*en*ion +ill no* proper. Moreover, ince *here i no ho+ing *ha* 4illa#ar +an*e$ *o e*or* #one' %ro# or*e) prior *o *heir con%ron*a*ion, *he een*ial ele#en* o% i$napping %or *he p(rpoe o% e*or*ing rano# i *here%ore a&en*. ;hen acc(e$appellan* coerce$ or*e) *o reveal *he +herea&o(* o% *he I!in(#paang !ala'a'I %or *he p(rpoe o% $e*ro'ing *he a#e, *he ac* #erel' con*i*(*e$ grave coercion, a provi$e$ in Ar*icle 286 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e. The cri#e o% grave coercion ha *hree ele#en*" @a *ha* an' peron i preven*e$ &' ano*her %ro# $oing o#e*hing no* prohi&i*e$ &' la+, or co#pelle$ *o $o o#e*hing again* hi or her +ill, &e i* righ* or +rongD @& *ha* *he preven*ion or co#p(lion i e%%ec*e$ &' violence, ei*her &' #a*erial %orce or (ch a $ipla' o% i* a +o(l$ pro$(ce in*i#i$a*ion an$, coneB(en*l', con*rol over *he +ill o% *he o%%en$e$ par*'D an$ @c *ha* *he peron +ho re*rain *he +ill an$ li&er*' o% ano*her ha no righ* *o $o oD in o*her +or$, *ha* *he re*rain* i no* #a$e (n$er a(*hori*' o% la+ or in *he eercie o% an' la+%(l righ*
FAT!" People v. A*orga G.R. N. 1100?7,
FAT!" Appellan* A*orga *ol$ Cvonne *o go +i*h hi# &' *elling her *ha* *he' +ere going *o &(' can$'. ;hen Cvonne recogni)e$ *he $ecep*ion, he $e#an$e$ *ha* he &e &ro(gh* ho#e, &(* appellan* re%(e$ an$ in*ea$ $ragge$ her *o+ar$ *he oppoi*e $irec*ion again* her +ill. ;hile acc(e$ an$ Cvonne +ere +aling in *he i*(a*ion a $ecri&e$, o#e+here near *he (ponl(pon &ri$ge *he' #e* o#e gro(p o% #en. aving #e* on *heir oppoi*e $irec*ion, *he *+o +ere no*ice$ &' *he gro(p o% 'o(ng*er. The gro(p +ere &o(n$ *o Maco a*holic h(rch *o ee a $ra#a. aving #e* *he *+o an$ a no*ice$ &' *he gro(p acc(e$ eep KicL on looing &ac a* *he#. The gro(p +ere (picio( a&o(* *he #an +ho +a &ringing a chil$. The gro(p $eci$e$ *o %ollo+ *he#. Acc(e$ h(rrie$l' +ale$ %a* +i*h Cvonne, an$ *o preven* %ro# &eing over*aen, he carrie$ *he vic*i# an$ ran. The' +ere chae$. A%*er a $i*ance o% hal% a ilo#e*er *he' +ere over*aen. ;hile i* i (nclear +he*her appellan* A*orga in*en$e$ *o $e*ain or loc(p Cvonne, *here i no* B(e*ion *ha* he %orce$ her *o go +i*h hi# again* her +ill.
9!!:" ;he*her or no* acc(e$appellan* i g(il*' o% i$napping.
<" No. The narra*ion o% *he *e*i#on' $oe no* a$eB(a*el' e*a&lih ac*(al con%ine#en* or re*rain* o% *he vic*i#, +hich i *he pri#ar' ele#en* o% i$napping. Appellan* apparen* in*en*ion +a *o *ae Cvonne again* her +ill *o+ar$ *he $irec*ion o% Tag(#. Appellan* plan $i$ no* #a*eriali)e, ho+ever, &eca(e Fa&ila gro(p chance$ (pon *he#. The evi$ence $oe no* ho+ *ha* appellan* +an*e$ *o $e*ain CvonneD #(ch le, *ha* he ac*(all' $e*aine$ her. Appellan* %orci&le $ragging o% Cvonne *o a place onl' he ne+ canno* &e ai$ *o &e an ac*(al con%ine#en* or re*ric*ion on *he peron o% Cvonne. There +a no loc(p. Accor$ingl', appellan* canno* &e convic*e$ o% i$napping (n$er Ar*icle 267 o% *he Revie$ Penal o$e.
The acc(e$ appellan* ho(l$ &e convic*e$ onl' o% grave coercion. Grave coercion ha *hree ele#en*" @a *ha* an' peron i preven*e$ &' ano*her %ro# $oing o#e*hing no* prohi&i*e$ &' la+, or co#pelle$ *o $o o#e*hing again* hi or her +ill, &e i* righ* or +rongD @& *ha* *he preven*ion or co#p(lion i e%%ec*e$ &' violence, ei*her &' #a*erial %orce or (ch a $ipla' o% i* a +o(l$ pro$(ce in*i#i$a*ion an$, coneB(en*l', con*rol over *he +ill o% *he o%%en$e$ par*D an$ @c *ha* *he peron +ho re*rain *he +ill an$ li&er*' o% ano*her ha no righ* *o $o o or, in o*her +or$, *ha* *he re*rain* i no* #a$e (n$er a(*hori*' o% a la+ or in *he eercie o% an' la+%(l righ*. ;hen appellan* %orci&l' $ragge$ an$ lappe$ Cvonne, he *oo a+a' her righ* *o go ho#e *o =in(angan. Appellan* preen*e$ no -(*i%ica*ion %or preven*ing Cvonne %ro# going ho#e, an$ +e canno* %in$ an'.
=alero v. People G.R. 1>08>>, Fe&r(ar' 22, 2006 Garcia, J.
FAT!" o#plainan* +a a #e$ical *($en* in :!T. n *he #orning o% , 1??1, he +a a+aene$ &' a #ell o% che#ical on a piece o% clo*h pree$ on her %ace. !he *r(ggle$ *o &rea %ree &(* hi a**acer +a pinning her $o+n, hol$ing her *igh*l'. ;hen her righ* han$ %inall' go* %ree, he gra&&e$ an$ B(ee)e$ *he e organ o% hi a**acer. The #an le* her go, ena&ling Marilo( *o ee help %ro# her #ai$ an$ cla#a*e living near&'.
An inve*iga*ion +a con$(c*e$ in +hich *he evi$ence poin*e$ *o acc(e$appellan* a *he a**acer. The RT *h( %o(n$ hi*o g(il*' %or a**e#p*e$ rape an$ or$ere$ hi# *o (%%er an in$e*er#ina*e en*ence @%ro# priion correccional a #ini#(# *o priion #a'or a #ai#(# an$ *o pa' Malo( o% Php50,000
9!!:" ;he*her or no* *rial co(r* erre$ in i* $eciion.
<" Ce. 9n or$er %or a cri#e o% rape *o have &een co##i**e$ in an a**e#p*ing *age, *he acc(e$ #(* have co##ence$ *he ac* o% pene*ra*ing *he +o#en/ vagina +i*h hi e organ &(* +a no* a&le *o co#ple*el' $o o $(e *o o#e reaon or acci$en* o*her *han hi o+n pon*aneo( $ei*ance. ven +i*h *he ac* o% iing *he vic*i# an$ #ahing her &rea*, *he o%%ene +o(l$ no* have con*i*(*e$ a**e#p*e$ rape a&en* *he acc(e$/ co##ence#en* o% pene*ra*ing *he vic*i#/ vagina +i*h hi e organ. 9n *he preen* cae, *he perpe*ra*or +a even %(ll' $ree$ +hen i* a**ace$ Al&ano. The o(r* revere$ an$ e* ai$e *he $eciion a%%ir#e$ &' *he A an$ a$-($ge =alero g(il*' o% (n-(* vea*ion p(niha&le a ligh* coercion (n$er ar*icle 287 o% *he RP.
ng hi( +an v. A G.R. No. 11>006, Nove#&er 2>, 2000 Par$o, J.
FAT!" n April 13, 1??0, a* aro(n$ 10 in *he #orning, ng hi( +an or$ere$ ;il%re$o 9n%an*e *o reloca*e *he *elephone, elec*ric an$ +a*er line o% ra)' Fee*, &eca(e ai$ line poe$ a a $i*(r&ance. o+ever, ng hi( (+an %aile$ *o preen* a per#i* %ro# appropria*e a(*hori*ie allo+ing hi# *o c(* *he elec*ric +ire, +a*er pipe an$ *elephone line o% *he &(ine e*a&lihe$. A%*er $(e *rial, *rial co(r* %o(n$ ng hi( +an g(il*' o% (n-(* vea*ion. The co(r* alo or$ere$ hi# *o pa' #oral $a#age, %in$ing *ha* *he +rong%(l ac* o% a&r(p*l' c(**ing o%% *he elec*ric, +a*er pipe an$ *elephone line o% ra)' Fee* ca(e$ *he in*err(p*ion o% i* &(ine opera*ion $(ring pea ho(r, *o *he $e*ri#en* o% i* o+ner, Mil$re$ ng.
9!!:" ;he*her nor no* *he *rial co(r* erre$ in convic*ing acc(e$ +i*h *he cri#e o% (n-(* vea*ion.
<" No. Pe*i*ioner a$#i**e$ having or$ere$ *he c(**ing o% *he elec*ric, +a*er an$ *elephone line o% co#plainan* &(ine e*a&lih#en* &eca(e *hee line croe$ hi proper*' line. e %aile$, ho+ever, *o ho+ evi$ence *ha* he ha$ *he necear' per#i* or a(*hori)a*ion *o reloca*e *he line. Alo, he *i#e$ *he in*err(p*ion o% elec*ric, +a*er an$ *elephone ervice $(ring pea ho(r o% *he opera*ion o% &(ine o% *he co#plainan*. Th(, pe*i*ioner ac* (n-(*l' anno'e$ or vee$ *he co#plainan*. oneB(en*l', pe*i*ioner ng hi( +an i lia&le %or (n-(* vea*ion.
