PAPER WRITTEN IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT
OF THE ESSAY CONTEST ON
CYBER CRIME
BY
ONUOHA, MAUREEN CHIZOBA
C/O MR. DIKE G. OKORONKWO, PLOT 607 MONSTERRADO STREET, (NEAR RUSSEL CENTRE) WUSE ZONE , ABU!A, NIGERIA "#$0%%&%"$6
"7TH MAY, "00%
'*+-'1+''.*'2
3
INTRODUCTION O45 +5 89 :51 159, 9*8;'9 *'285 959 +45 *'5< ' 95 +5 *'285 ' *'22 *259 *259== +9 +9 +9 >5;1 >5;1 ?9* ?9*5< 5< 85'8;5 85'8;5 < 54'@5< 54'@5< 25< 25< ?55;> ?55;> '? <2 <2' ' < ?5. ?5.
T+9
8+5'25' +9 955 9'8+9*5< < 85*5<55< *595 5*5;1 < +9 *;;5< ?' *@ 598'95 8'4<> 8'4<> ;:9 + :';< :';< 8'5* 8'5* +5 *15 98*5 98*5 < 9 959. 959.
T+5 ;545; '? 9'8+9* 9'8+9*' ' +9 +9 >'5
+>+ ' +5 8' '? 9> +5 91952 ' *'22 2<5 < < '+5 +4'*. +4'*. T+5 ?9 5*'<5< 5*'<5< *15 *15 2<5 *'225< +5 U5< S59 9545 159 >' **'<> ' +5 I< E8599, !1, "00" +9 ' <' :+ <5:';< <5:';< <' +'98; +'98; ' <5>' 2' 9>51. 9>51. H9 4; >'' +5< +5< *'285 585 585 :+' ;55< +9 859*8'9 859*8'9 +'>+ +'>+ +*@> +5 +'98;9 +'98;9 *'285 *'285 91952. H5 :9 <295 <2955< 5< +5 ;55< 859*8' 1 '*5 95, +9 59;5< +5 <5+ '? +5 853
T+9 :'@ 955@9 ' <5?5 +5 *'*58 '? *15*25, <5?1 59'9 ?' *15*25, +': * 5 5<*5<, ;''@ +'95 4';45< < +5 59'9 ?' +5 4';4525, :5 :';< ;''@ +': 59 ' <55* <55* *2 *2; ; 2; 2; < *'*; *'*;9' 9',, 8'??5 8'??5 5*'225 5*'225< <' '99 + + :';< :';< +5;8 +5;8 *+5*@ *+5*@> > +5 *59> 5 '? *15*259 < *2;9.
WHAT IS CYBER – CRIME? C15*25 C15*25 1 <5?' <5?' 9 1 +2?; * *'225< ?'2 ' >9 *'285 ' 5:'@, <??59 <??59 **'<> ' M*C'5;; I5';, ?'2 2'9 559; *259 ?' :19 +51 5 591 ' ;5 +': ' *'22, +51 55 ?5: 59'*59 5;45 ' +5 8'5; <2>59 *95<, +51 * 5 *'225< 9<*' :+' 5> 8+19*;;1 8595 < ?'+;1, +51 5 '?5 ' *;5;1 ;;5>;."
A'+5 <5?' >45 1 +5 D5*' '? C'285 C25 R595*+ C55 (CCRC) <> 545: ' +5 "7+ A8;, "00, 9 + *15*25 (*'285 *25) 9 1 ;;5>; 5+4' <5*5< 1 259 '? 5;5*'* '85'9 + >59 +5 95*1 '? *'285 919529 < +5 < 8'*5995< 1 +52. # I 5995*5, *15*25 9 *25 *'225< 4; 98*5 < 4; 98*5 9 ?9+'5< :1 + ?'2' ' 859'9, '5*9, ?*9, 5459, 8+5'25 ' 8'*59959 5 585955< 2+52*;, 912'; ' 1 '+5 :1 < 9?55< +'>+ ;'*; < >;'; 5:'@9
F'2 +5 '45, :5 * <5<*5 + *15 *25 +9 ' <' :+ :5*@> '? +4'* ' *'285 < ' 5:'@9 +'>+ 5*58', 5?55*5 5?55*5 ' <59*' <59*' '? 9*+ < < ' 919529. I 4';459 *'22> *25 >9 *'285 919529 ' +5 95 '? +5 *'285 *'22> *259.
CAUSES OF CYBER – CRIME T+55 5 21 59'9 :+1 *15*2;9 *'22 *15*25, *+5? 2'> +52 5 +595 +55 ;95< 5;':
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C15 *259 * 5 *'225< ?' +5 9@5 '? 5*'>'. 5*'>'. T+9 9 9*;;1 *'225< 1 1'>959 1'>959 :+' : ' 5 '*5< < ?55; ?55; 2'> +5 >'8 '? +5 > < '>+ >19 >19 +5 9'*51. 9'*51. T+51 <' ' 25 ' + 1'5 8*;= +51 ?;; ' +5 *5>'1 '? +5 I<5;99= :+' 9 : ' 5 98';>+.
A'+5 A'+5 *95 '? *15*25 *15*25 9 ' 2@5 *@ 2'51. T+9 >'8 9 >55< >55< 2'45< < 9 *55 *2 *2;9, ;9, :+' 285 285 :+ < < ' +5 5 ' 9195 91952 2 5985* 5985*;;1 ;;1,, 5*'225 5*'225*5 *5,, 5@ 5@> > < < ?'2' :+ +5 9';5 2 '? *'22> ?< < 9:<;> 2'51 '?? 9985*> *9'259.
T+<;1, *15*25 * 5 *'225< ' ?>+ *95 '5 +@9 +5 5;5459 = ' *95 +5 < 2'9 '?5 <2>59 + ??5* ??5* +5 5*859 <4595;1. <4595;1. T+9 9 +5 2'9 <>5'9 <>5'9 '? ;; +5 *959 '? *15*25. T+'95 4';45 5;545 + +51 5 5 ?>+> 9 *95 < 9' <' ' 2< :+' ' :+ +51 <59'1 +5 59 ' >5 >5 +5 >';9 *+545<. T+595 5 +5 *155'99. *155'99.
HOW TO ERADICATE CYBER – CRIME R595*+ +9 9+': + ' ;: * 5 8 8;*5 ' 5??5*45;1 5<*5 +5 9*'>5 '? *15*25. A5289 +45 +45 55 2<5 ;'*;;1 ;'*;;1 < 5' 5';;1, ;;1, +595 ;:9 9;; +45 +45 9+'*'2>9. 9+'*'2>9.
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*'959 *25 *'1 21 ' '+5, 9' +9 +9 ;:19 2<5 591 ?' *15 *15 *2;9 ' >' ?55 ?5 5> *>+.
T+595 *+;;5>59 ':+9<>, >'45259 9+';< +5 *95 '? +5 <5;99, ?>+ +52 +'>+ 5<*' 5<*' ' ;:. I +9 55 8'45 8'45 + +51 +5;8 > *'2859 < >'4525 >'4525 955 95*1 +';59 +';59 :+*+ *55 *2;9 ' ' 545 *155'9 *155'9 *';< 95 ' *@ +52 ?5. M'9 '?5, *'2859 5>>5 5>>5 +52 9 *'9;9 *'9;9 ' +5;8 +52 ;< 9';< 95*1 ?' +5 +5 919529 < <. <. T+5 I<5;99 I<5;99 '?5 '?5 +5;8 +5;8 +5 9'*51 9'*51 +'> +'>+ + +5 +5 +>+;1 +>+;1 25< 25<95< 95< < <4< <4<; ;;1 ;1 +2;5 +2;599 99 *' *'9, 9, +51 +51 +5;8 +5;8 28' '>-'9 ' <9*'45 +5 +>+5*+ 95*1 +';59J. T+5 5?'* 5?'*525 525 '? ;: ' +52 +52 * ';1 >>5 ';5, 5*95 +51 :';< ' 9'8 :';< : ' <5?1 +5 ;:. M'5'45, ? +5 >'; '? +5 *15*25 ;5>9;' 9 ' 5<*5 *15*25, 2 :5;; 5<*5 95< :+';5 5: *;5J.% I459259 5<*' 9 2*+ 55 :1 ' 8545 +5 *'9.
A'+5 259 '? 5<*> *15*25 9 ' +2'-5 5'; *''85' < ;:, +9 >'59 ?' +5 >55< 2'45< 2'45< < *155 *155'99 '99.. T+51 * ' 5 ?'>+ ?'>+ 1 5<*', 5<*', 5*95 5*95 +51 5 ;5<1 ;5<1 59;9+5< *2;9, 9' +51 * * ' 5+45. T+5 ';1 88'85 :1 :1 ' ?>+ +52 9 1 5*> 5*> 5: ;:9, +2'-5 +2'-5 5' 5'; ; ;5>9;'9 ;5>9;'9 < 5*'>5 5*'>5 *''<' *''<' < *''85' *''85' 5:55 '; '; ;: 5?'*525 >5*59.
WHO ARE INVOLVED T+'95 4';45< *'22> *15*259 5 +55 *5>'59 < +51 5
#
THE IDEALISTS IDEALISTS (T55>5). (T55>5). T+51 5 9;;1 9;;1 ' +>+;1 5< ' 9@;?;, 1'>959 1'>959 5:55 +5 >59 '? 3# "6 :+' 955@ 9'*; 5*'>'. T+51 : ' 5 +5 98';>+ '? +5 25<. T+5 *'9 5 >;';;1 >;';;1 <2>5;5 <4<;;1 5>;>;5. L@5 <51> <51> ;' '? 28' 5*'225*5 95459 F51, "000 9 9< ' +45 *95< +>+ <2>59 ' +595 *'2859.6 M'9 '?5 +51 *@ 919529 919529 :+ 4959 +51 *55<= *55<= +5 *; +2 ' 5*+ 5*+ <4<; 9 5;45;1 5>;>;5. B1 +5 >5 '? "6 ' "6 :+5 :+5 +51 +45 25< < <59''< <59''< +5 :5>+ '? +5 *'9, +51 ;'95 559 < 9'8.
THE GREED MOTIATED (C55 (C55 C2;9). C2;9). T+9 185 '? *15*2 *15*2;9 ;9 9 <>5'9 <>5'9
5*95 +51 5 9;;1 9*8;'9 < 5 5<1 ' *'22 1 185 '? *25, 9 ;'> 9 >9 2'51 ' +52. T+51 95< +5 *+;< 8''>8+1 '?5 *;;5< *158''>8+1 *158''>8+1 :+*+ 5>;'59 5>;'59 ;5>; < ;;5>; 8''>8+1 8''>8+1 ' +5 55. 55.7
T+51 T+51 5 9; 9;;1 ;1 451 451 92 92 <
'>-5< < +51 @': +': ' 59*85 +5 ;: 5?'*525 >5*59. T+595 *15*2;9 5 5 *'22> *'22> >54'9 >54'9 *259 *259 < <2>59 <2>59 < +5 9*8;'9 9*8;'9599, 599, 8*;;1 8*;;1 *+;< 8''>8+1 < *15>2;> 9 95'9 +5 ' +5 9'*51. E28;5 ' 9+': +': 95'9 +5 +51 8'95 ' +5 9'*51 9 +5 4*2 '? +5 E'85 @ '? A> 5 9< ' +45 ;'9 2'5 + 302;;'$ J+5? J+5? '? 4;;5 <5 <5 95*59 95*59 +5 9'*5 9'*5 *'<5 '? +5 8'8; 8'8; 2*' 2*'9 9'? '? :<' :<':9 :9 58; 58;' ' ' ' 9195 91952 2 1 R99 R99 95 95< < +*@ +*@5 5 *'; *';< < 5 5 552 525; 5;1 1 <>5'9J +5 +*@59 *';< 95 +5 *'<5 ' 5@ ;; ?5:;;9 < 8555< 52'5;1 5451 *'285 5885< :+ :<':9 :55 :55 *'?25<. A'+5 9>5 *';< 5 +5 95;;> '? +5 *'<5 *'<5 ' *'285'9.&
THE CYBER TERRORISTS. TERRORISTS. T+51 5 +5 5:59 5:59 < 2'9 <>5'9 <>5'9 >'8. T+5 821 821 2'45 9 ' 9 2'51 2'51 ;9' 985*?* *95 *95 +51 <5?5<. <5?5<. T+51 9;;1 9;;1 5>>5 5>>5 95<> +5 2;9, <59'1> < 9'5< 2;1 >'4525 ?'2' 919529 9 ' 9*'5 +5 8'. T+5 +5 '? *155'92 * 5 *'285< ' +'95 '? *;5, *5';'>*; ' *+52*; :58' +59. T+9 <9+55> 995 9 + + +51 +45 ' 95 ?'59= ?'59= * '855 ?'2 1 :+55 +5 :';<, < +9 2@59 2@59 <??*; ?' +52 ' >5 *>+. T+5 2'9 :5< *155'9 9 O92 B L<5 :+' 9 9< ' 95 95>'>8+1 ' +<5 95*5 2599>59 :+ 8*59, 528;5, 8*5 '? A9+:1 R +'95< ' +5 :595 *';< *' +<<5 2599>5 ' ;': 8 ;<>. 30 A 989> ?* 9 + +595 +<<5 2599>59 2599>59 <' ' ;5 +5 9+85, 9-5 ' ;''@ '? +5 '>; 8*59 1 :1.
HOW TO DETECT A CRIMINAL MAIL A *2; 2; 9 9;;1 95 ' 5:'@9 :+ +5 2 '? 5+5 *'8> +5 91952 ' *'22> ?<. T+5 :1 ' <55* 9*+ 2;9 9 1 8> 95*1 25959 8;*5 :+*+ :';< <55* *2; 859 +5 5:'@. N5:9 S'1 S '1 1 P; R'59, '? IDG N5:9 S54*5 919 + U919 S5 +9 91952 919 52 *;;5< *;;5< +5 U91 U9199 A*45 A*45 R9@ M'' M''> > S1952 S1952 (ARMS) (ARMS) :+*+ +5;89 +5;89 @9 @9 < '+5 '>-'9 98' 859 '? 9552>;1 5;5< 5459 + << 8 ' *2; *41. 33 A*2-5
T5*+';'>1 L< 95< N5: Y'@ +9 <545;'85< 5*+';'>1 + 5;59 '>-'9 ' <' *'28;5 < 2> < ;199 ' 9'5< ?'2' < 9*' < :+' 55<> ' *'81 ' 9585 < :5+'95 :5+'95.. T+5 *2-5 *2-5 9'?:5 9'?:5 9 ' +5 M*'9'? C'8. C'8. W<':9 NT ' W<':9 "00" 8;?'2 < * 5 <545;'85< ' 9<< 9545 +<:5 :+ 5+5 ?' ' 5>+ 8'*599'9, K9<.3"
E* !. S'< +9 *;5 W+9 U8 W+ G'4525 D M> 959 + +5 U5< S59 F5<5; G'4525 +9 55 9> < 2> 5*+59 ?' 4'9 88'959, ?'2 528> ' 28'45 954*5 ' 1> ' <55* 5'99 859 < *459. 3#
T+5 2'9 5??5*45 5??5*45 :1 ' <55* <55*
*2; 2;9 9 ' 8'4<5 95*1 ><>59, 5<*5 528;'1559 ' +': ' 95 +52, < ' 5 ;5 ?' 9*+ 2;9, '45 ;;, 2@> 95 ' 95*1 +';59 9 ;5? 5<5< '.
CONCLUSION I +9 55 <5<*5< ?'2 +9 9<1 + 5;*5 ' 559; ;:9 9 9;; 595< 88'*+ <5985 8'>599 5> 2<5 21 *'59, +51 9;; 5;1 ' 9<< 559; ;:9 ' 8'95*5 *15 *259 < +595 ;:9 5 *+* *+* 959 + +45 55 595*5 595*5 5?'5 +5 *'2> '? +5 *1598*5. A;9' :5@ 85;59 ;2 <555*5 <555*5 *'59 *'59 :+ 8<5< 8<5< *2; 959 9;; +45 :5@ 85;59 ' +5 *2; 959= +9 * ' <55 *2;9 ?'2 *'22> *259 + +45 ;>59*;5 5*''2* < 9'*; 5??5* ' +5 9'*51. 9'*51. A;9' >;'; 8*+:'@ '? ;:9 *559 ;;5 *51= *51= ;;5 *'9599 59 2'> *'59 5><> :+*+ :+*+ *259 55< ' 5 ;5>9;5< >9. S5;? 8'5*' 529 +5 ?9 ;5 '? <5?595 < 2'<5; 88'*+ 9 55<5< 1 2'9 *'59= 5985*;;1 +'95 +5 <545;'8> :';< ;''@> ?' 2'<5; ' ?';;':. ?';;':. T+51 5*'>-5 5*'>-5 +5 28'*5 28'*5 '? ';:> 2;*'9 2;*'9 *'2855; *'2855;5< 5< *9 25; 1 25 ' '<5 ' 8'2'5 95*5 54'25 ?' 5*'225*5.
C15*25 C15*25 :+ 9 *'28;559 *'28;559 +9 8'45 8'45 <??*; ' *'2 <5 ' 9 5. E5<> E5<> +5 ;5 '? ;: ' +5 *1598*5 9 **; 958 ':<9 *5> 9:'+1 54'25 ?' 85'8;5 < 959959. S*5 +5 8'49' '? 9*+ ;:9 ' 5??5*45;1 <55 *15*25 9 9;; :'@ 8'>599, 5*'259 5*5991 ?' <4<;9 < *'8'5 '<59 ' ?9+' ' :19 '? 8'4<> 95*1 ?' +5 919529 919529 < <. T' 8'4<5 +9 95;?8'5*' 95;?8'5*', , '>-'9 '>-'9 9+';< ?'*9 ' 28;525> *15 *15 95*1 8;9 <<599> 85'8;5, 8'*599 < 5*+';'>1 9959, 2'5 59'*59 9+';< 5 8 ' 5<*5 528;'1559 '? '>-'9 ' 95*1 8**59, <545;'8 +''>+ 8;9 ?' +<;> 95945 <, 5*'<9 < 9*'9 < *'8'5 '9 95*1 5*+';'>1 9*+ 9 ?5:;;9, 49 9'?:5, 9' <55*' '';9 < +5*' 954*59.3
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