Developmental Theories (Growth & Development)

MK_KID^@KF]CI ]BKDXEKQ • ^quabdcfciu}ea $ ^quabdqkr{ci ]bkdxu • ]bkdxu do ^quabdqdaeci Mkvkid~`kf} • ]bkdxu do Adlfe}evk Mkvkid~`kf} • ]bkdxu do @dxci Mkvkid~`kf} • Mkvkid~`kf}ci ]cqj ]bkdxu • Hkbcvedxeq`

^QUABDCFCIU]EA$^QABDQKR[CI ^QUABDCFCIU]EA$^QABD QKR[CI ]BKDXU

• IK_KI DO C\CXKFKQQ ‑ ADFQAED[Q • Idleaci cfm xkl{ic}km hu xkcie}u ~xefae~ik

‑ ^XKADFQAED[Q • Q{hadfqaed{q

‑ [FADFQAED[Q • Fd} idleaci / ldvkxfkm hu ~ikcq{xk ~xefae~ik


• QUQ]K@Q DO ^KXQDFCIE]U ‑ EM • Qd{xak do cii mxevkq • îkcq{xk ~xefae~ik

‑ KLD • Xkcie}u }kq}efl / ~xdhik` qdivefl

‑ Q[^KXKLD • Adfqaekfak) ~kxoka}edf) / emkci


3& DXCI Q]CLK ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑

abeim kr~idxkq }bk |dxim hu {qefl `d{}b q{aj odx kfgdu`kf} dx xkieko do }kfqedf) cq |kii cq fd{xeqb`kf}& Efocf} eq adfakxfkm |e}b qkio lxc}eoeac}edf Efocf} eq cii EM ]bk KLD hklefq }d k`kxlk cq efocf} hklefq }d qkk qkio cq qk~cxc}k oxd` }bk `d}bkx


FQL E@ÎEAC]EDFQ7 ‑ ^xdvemk dxci q}e`{ic}edf hu levefl ~caeoekxq ‑ Md fd} meqad{xclk }b{`hq{ajefl& ‑ Hxkcq}okkmefl `cu ~xdvemk `dxk q}e`{ic}edf }bc} odx`{ic okkmefl&


8& CFCI Q]CLK ‑ ‑ ‑

]dmmikxq oefm ~ikcq{xk ef hd}b xk}kf}edf do okakq cfm mkokac}edf& ]deik} }xcefefl daa{xq m{xefl }beq ~kxedm& Abeim hklefq }d lcef c qkfqk do adf}xdi dvkx efq}efa}evk mxevkq cfm ikcxfq }d mkicu e``kmec}k lxc}eoeac}edf }d lcef c o{}{xk ldci&


FQL& E@ÎEAC]EDFQ7 • Bki~ abeimxkf cabekvk hd|ki cfm hicmmkx adf}xdi • Adf}ef{k hd|ki }xcefefl |beik }bk abeim eq bdq~e}ciewkm&


1& ^BCIIEA Q]CLK ‑ îkcq{xchik cfm adfoiea}efl okkieflq cqqdaec}km |e}b }bk lkfe}ci dxlcfq ‑ ]bk ~ikcq{xkq do `cq}{xhc}edf cfm }bk ocf}cqu ieok do abeimxkf qk} }bk q}clk do }bk Dkme~{q ad`~ikr& ‑ C`hevcikfak ‑ ]bk k`kxlkfak do }bk q{~kxkld eq }bk qdi{}edf }d cfm }bk xkq{i} do }bkqk ef}kfqk e`~{iqkq&


FQL& E@ÎEAC]EDFQ7 • Caak Caak~} ~} ab abeieim― m―q q qkr qkr{c {cii ef} ef}kx kxkq kq}) }) q{ q{ab ab cq odfmiefl beq dx bkx d|f lkfe}ciq) cq c fdx`ci cxkc do kr~idxc}edf& • Bki~ Bki~ ~c ~cxk xkf} f}q q cf cfq| q|kx kx ab abeieim― m―q q s{kq}edfq chd{} hex}b dx qkr{ci meookxkfakq&


=& IC]KFAU Q]CLK ‑ ^kxqdfcie}u mkvkid~`kf} c~~kcxq }d hk fdf-ca}evk dx mdx`cf} ‑ ]c~kxefl doo do adfqaed{q hedidleaci cfm qkr{ci {xlkq ‑ Lxd|}b do kld o{fa}edfq cfm }bk cheie}u }d acxk chd{} cfm xkic}k }d d}bkxq d{}qemk }bk bd`k eq }bk }cqj do }beq q}clk


FQL& E@ÎEAC]EDF7 • Bki~ }bk abeim bcvk ~dqe}evk kr~kxekfakq&


;& LKFE]CI Q]CLK ‑ k`kxlkq c} cmdikqakfak |e}b }bk dfqk} do ~{hkx}u) |bkf lkfe}ci dxlcfq `c}{xk ‑ ]bk efmevem{ci lcefq lxc}eoeac}edf oxd` beq dx bkx d|f hdmu& ‑ Mkvkid~q qc}eqouefl qkr{ci cfm k`d}edfci xkic}edfqbe~q |e}b `k`hkxq do }bk d~~dqe}k lkfmkx& ‑ ]bk efmevem{ci ~icfq ieok ldciq cfm lcefq c q}xdfl qkfqk do emkf}e}u&


FQL& E@ÎEAC]EDFQ7 • ^xdvemk c~~xd~xec}k d~~dx}{fe}ekq odx }bk abeim }d xkic}k |e}b d~~dqe}k qkr • Ciid| }bk abeim }d vkxhciewk okkieflq chd{} fk| xkic}edfqbe~q&

]BKDXU DO ^QUABDQDAECI MK_KID^@KF]

EFOCFAU • Axeqeq7 Axeqeq7 ]x{q} ]x{q} vkxq{q èq}x{q}

]cqj7 c}}cab`kf} c}}cab`kf} }d }bk `d}bkx • ]cqj7 • Q{aakqqo{i7 ‑ ]x{q} ef ~kxqdfq: oce}b cfm bd~k chd{} }bk kfvexdf`kf} cfm o{}{xk

• [fq{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Lkfkxci meooea{i}ekq xkic}efl }d ~kxqdfq kooka}evkiu: q{q~eaedf: }x{q}-okcx adfoiea}) okcx do }bk o{}{xk


F[XQEFL E@ÎEAC]EDFQ • ^xdvemk c ~xe`cxu acxklevkx • ^xdvemk kr~kxekfakq }bc} cmm }d qka{xe}u) q{ab cq qdo} qd{fmq cfm }d{ab& • ^xdvemk veq{ci q}e`{ic}edf odx ca}evk abeim efvdivk`kf}&


KCXIU ABEIMBDDM "]DMMIKX% Axeqeq7 C{}dfdù vkxq{q qbc`k cfm • Axeqeq7 C{}dfdù md{h} ]cqj7 Lcefefl qd`k hcqea adf}xdi dvkx • ]cqj7 Lcefefl qkio cfm kfvexdf`kf} • Q{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Qkfqk do qkio-adf}xdi cfm cmks{cau: |eii ~d|kx • [fq{aakqqo{i7

Efmk~kfmkfak-okcx adfoiea}: qkvkxk ‑ Efmk~kfmkfak-okcx okkieflq do qkio-md{h}


F[XQEFL E@ÎEAC]EDFQ • ^xdvemk d~~dx}{fe}ekq odx mkaeqedf `cjefl& • ^xceqk odx cheie}u }d `cjk mkaeqedfq xc}bkx }bc} g{mlefl adxxka}fkqq do cfu dfk mkaeqedf&


IC]K ABEIMBDDM "^XKQABDDIKX%

Axeqeq7 Efe}ec}evk Efe}ec}evk vkxq{q l{ei} • Axeqeq7 • ]cqj7 Hkadèfl ]cqj7 Hkadèfl ~{x~dqko{i cfm mexka}evk • Q{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Chei Cheie}u e}u }d }d efe}e efe}ec}k c}k dfk― dfk―q q d|f ca}eve}ekq: qkfqk do ~{x~dqk

• [fq{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Cllxkqqedf-okcx adfoiea}: qkfqk do efcmks{cau dx l{ei}


F[XQEFL E@ÎEAC]EDFQ • ^xdvemk d~~dx}{fe}ekq odx kr~idxefl fk| ~icakq dx ca}eve}ekq& • Ciid| ~icu }d efai{mk ca}eve}ekq efvdivefl aicu) |c}kx) dx oeflkx ~cef}&


QABDDI CLK Axeqeq7 Efm{q}xu Efm{q}xu vkxq{q efokxedxe}u • Axeqeq7 ]cqj7 Mkvkid~efl qdaeci) ~buqeaci) cfm • ]cqj7 Mkvkid~efl ikcxfefl qjeiiq • Q{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Ad`~k}kfak: cheie}u }d ikcxf cfm |dxj • [fq{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Qkfqk do efokxedxe}u: meooea{i}u ikcxfefl cfm |dxjefl


F[XQEFL E@ÎEAC]EDF • ^xdvemk d~~dx}{fe}ekq odx }bk abeim }d okki xk|cxmkm odx caad`~ieqb`kf}&


CMDIKQAKFAK Axeqeq7 Emkf}e}u Emkf}e}u vkxq{q xdik adfo{qedf • Axeqeq7 ]cqj7 Mkvkid~efl Mkvkid~efl qkfqk do emkf}e}u • ]cqj7 • Q{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Qkfqk do ~kxqdfci emkf}e}u • [fq{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Adfo{qedf chd{} |bd dfk eq: emkf}e}u q{h`kxlkm ef xkic}edfqbe~q dx lxd{~ `k`hkxqbe~q


F[XQEFL E@ÎEAC]EDFQ • ^xdvemk d~~dx}{fe}ekq odx }bk cmdikqakf} }d meqa{qq okkieflq chd{} kvkf}q e`~dx}cf} }d be` dx bkx& • Dookx q{~~dx} cfm ~xceqk odx mkaeqedf `cjefl&

]BKDXU DO ^QUABDQDAECI MK_KID^@KF] KCXIU CM[I]BDDM 8>-1; uxq

Axeqeq7 Ef}e`cau Ef}e`cau vkxq{q eqdic}edf • Axeqeq7 ]cqj7 Kq}chieqbefl ef}e`c}k hdfmq • ]cqj7 Kq}chieqbefl do idvk cfm oxekfmqbe~ • Q{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Cheie}u }d idvk mkk~iu cfm ad`è} dfkqkio

• [fq{aakqqo{i7 ‑ K`d}edfci eqdic}edf) kldakf}xeae}u


@EMMIK CM[I]BDDM 1;-?; uxq

• Axeqeq7 Lkfkxc}eve}u Axeqeq7 Lkfkxc}eve}u vkxq{q q}clfc}edf

]cqj7 O{ioeiiefl ieok ldciq }bc} • ]cqj7 O{ioeiiefl efvdivk ocèiu) acxkkx) cfm qdaek}u • Q{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Cheie}u }d levk cfm acxk odx d}bkxq

• [fq{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Qkio-chqdx~}edf: efcheie}u }d lxd| cq c ~kxqdf

]BKDXU DO ^QUABDQDAECI MK_KID^@KF] IC]K CM[I]BDDM ?; uxq }d mkc}b

Axeqeq7 Ef}klxe}u Ef}klxe}u vkxq{q mkq~cex • Axeqeq7 • ]cqj7 Iddjefl hcaj dvkx dfk―q ieok cfm caak~}efl e}q `kcfefl • Q{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Qkfqk do ef}klxe}u cfm o{ioeii`kf}

• [fq{aakqqo{i7 ‑ Meqqc}eqoca}edf |e}b ieok

]BKDXU DO ADLFE]E_K MK_KID^@KF]

C& QKFQDXE@D]DX 3& Fkdfc}ci xkoikr

Hex}b ‑ 3`d

8& ^xe`cxu aexa{icx xkca}edf

3 ‑ = `dq

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@dq} ca}edf eq xkoikrevk&

^kxak~}edf do kvkf}q eq akf}kxkm df }bk hdmu& Dhgka}q cxk kr}kfqedf do qkio& ]du7 Xc}}ik ]du7 Xc}}ik


1& Qkadfmcxu aexa{icx xkca}edf

= ‑ 2

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=& Addxmefc}edf do qkadfmcxu xkca}edfq

2-38

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Cajfd|ikmlkq }bk kr}kxfci kfvexdf`kf}& Ikcxfq }d efe}ec}k) xkadlfewk) cfm xk~kc} ~ikcq{xchik kr~kxekfak oxd` }bk kfvexdf`kf}& @k`dxu }xcakq cxk ~xkqkf}& îcf ca}eve}ekq }d c}}cef q~kaeoea ldciq& Acf qkcxab odx cfm xk}xekvk }du }bc} meqc~~kcxq oxd` vek|& Efaxkcqkm qkfqk do qk~cxc}kfkqq& ]du7 Fkq}efl ]du7 Fkq}efl }duq "e&k& adidxkm hdrkq% Lc`k7 ^kkj-c-hdd Lc`k7 ^kkj-c-hdd


;& ]kx}ecxu aexa{icx 38 ‑ 32 xkca}edf

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?& Efvkf}edf do fk| `kcfq

32 ‑ 8=

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Kr~kxe`kf}q }d meqadvkx fk| ~xd~kx}ekq do dhgka}q cfm kvkf}q& Ac~chik do q~cak cfm }e`k ~kxak~}edf cfm ~kx`cfkfak& Lc`k7 ]bxd| Lc`k7 ]bxd| cfm xk}xekvk [qkq `k`dxu cfm eè}c}edf }d ca} Acf qdivk hcqea ~xdhik`q ]duq7 }duq ]duq7 }duq |$ qkvkxci {qkq "hidajq) xeflq) hdrkq%


H& ^XKD^KXC ^XKD^KXC]EDFCI ]EDFCI ]BD[LB] ]BD[LB] • ^xkadfak~}{ci ^bcqk

8 ‑ = uxq

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• Ef}{e}evk ^bcqk = ‑ <

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Kldakf}xea Meq~icuq q}c}ea }befjefl& ^xkidleaci xkcqdfefl& Kvkxu}befl eq qelfeoeacf} cfm xkic}kq }d ’`k‐ Kr~idxkq }bk kfvexdf`kf} Icfl{clk mkvkid~`kf} eq xc~em Cqqdaec}kq |dxmq |e}b dhgka}q& Akf}kxefl Icaj do adfqkxvc}edf cfm xkvkxqeheie}u xkvkxqeheie}u&& Xdik ocf}cqu }befjefl& Cqqeèic}edf @cleaci ]befjefl Caad``dmc}edf [fchik }d q}c}k ac{qk-kooka} xkic}edfqbe~

GKCF ÊCLK]―Q


A& ADFAXK]K < ‑ 38 D^KXC]EDFCI ]BD[LB]

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Efm{a}evk xkcqdfefl Qdivk kvkxumcu ~xdhik`q Xkadlfewk ac{qk-kooka} xkic}edfqbe~ \e}b adfak~} do adfqkxvc}edf F{`hkxq7 < ukcxq dim S{cf}e S{c f}e}u7 }u7 <- 2 ukcxq ukcxq dim dim \kelb}7 5 ukcxq dim _di{`k7 33 ukcxq dim C|cxk do xkvkxqeheie}u Mkakf}kxefl Aicqq efai{qedf Ca}eve}u7 adiika}efl Ca}eve}u7 adiika}efl cfm aicqqeouefl dhgka}q


M& ODX@CI D^KXC]EDFCI ]BD[LB]

38 uxq {~

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[qkq xc}edfci }befjefl Chq}xca} }bd{lb} xc}bkx }bc} adfaxk}k }bd{lb}& Ca}eve}u7 ’}cij-}e`k‐

]BKDXU DO @DXCI MK_KID^@KF]

IK_KI

Q]CLK

>& Kldakf}xea G{ml`kf} E& ^XK-ADF_KF]EDFCI ]bk efocf} bcq fd c|cxkfkqq do xelb} dx |xdfl& @DXCIE]U 

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Kldakf Kld akf}xe }xea a Oda Oda{q {q

CLK Hex}b-8 uxq

3& ^{feqb`kf} / Dhkmekf} Dxekf}c}edf Okcx do ~{feqb`kf} ) fd} xkq~ka} odx c{}bdxe}u)) eq }bk xkcqdf odx mkaeqedf) c{}bdxe}u hkbcvedx) cfm adfodxè}u&

8-1

8& Efq}x{`kf}ci Xkic}eveq} Dxekf}c}edf Adfodxè}u eq hcqkm df kldakf}xeae}u cfm fcxaeqqeq}ea fkkmq & ]bkxk eq fd okkiefl do g{q}eak) iduci}u) iduci}u) dx lxc}e}{mk&

=-<

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EE& ADF_KF]EDFCI @DXCIE]U 

Qdaek}ci Oda{q

1& Ef}kx~kxqdfci Adfadxmcfak Dxekf}c}edf Mkaeqedfq cfm hkbcvedx cxk hcqkm df adfakxfq chd{} d}bkx―q xkca}edfq: }bk ~kxqdf |cf}q d}bkxq― c~~xdvci&

<-3>

=& Ic|-cfm-Dxmkx Dxekf}c}edf ]bk ~kxqdf |cf}q kq}chieqbkm x{ikq oxd` c{}bdxe}ekq ) cfm }bk xkcqdf odx mkaeqedfq cfm hkbcvedx eq }bc} qdaeci cfm qkr{ci x{ikq cfm }xcme}edfq mk`cfm }bk xkq~dfqk &

3>-38

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EEE& ^DQ] ADF_KF]EDFCI 

[fevkxqci Oda{q

;& Qdaeci Adf}xca} Iklcieq}ea Dxekf}c}edf ]bk qdaeci x{ikq cxk fd} }bk qdik hcqeq odx mkaeqedfq cfm hkbcvedx hkac{qk }bk ~kxqdf hkiekvkq c belbkx `dxci ~xefae~ik c~~iekq q{ab cq ks{cie}u) ks{cie}u) g{q}eak) dx m{k ~xdakqq& 

?& [fevkxqci K}beaci ^xefae~ik Dxekf}c}edf Mkaeqedfq cfm hkbcvedxq cxk hcqkm df ef}kxfciewkm x{ikq ) df adfqaekfak xc}bkx }bcf qdaeci ic|q) cfm df qkio-abdqkf k}beaci cfm chq}xca} ~xefae~ikq }bc} cxk {fevkxqci) ad`~xkbkfqevk cfm adfqeq}kf}& 

Dimkx }bcf 38

MK_KID^@KF]CI ]CQJ ]BKDXU

EFOCFAU CFM KCXIU ABEIMBDDM • • • • • • • • •

Ikcxfefl }d |cij Ikcxfefl }d }cjk qdiem oddmq Ikcxfefl }d }cij Ikcxfefl }d adf}xdi }bk kieèfc}edf do hdmu |cq}kq Ikcxfefl qkr meookxkfakq cfm qkr{ci `dmkq}u Cabekvefl ~quabdidlea q}cheie}u Odxèfl qe`~ik adfak~}q do qdaeci cfm ~buqeaci xkcie}u Ikcxfefl }d xkic}k k`d}edfciiu }d ~cxkf}q) qehieflq) cfm d}bkx ~kd~ik Ikcxfefl }d meq}efl{eqb xelb} oxd` |xdfl cfm mkvkid~efl c adfqaekfak


@EMMIK ABEIMBDDM • • • • • • • • •

Ikcxfefl ~buqeaci qjeiiq fkakqqcxu odx dxmefcxu lc`kq H{eimefl |bdikqd`k c}}e}{mkq }d|cxm dfkqkio cq c lxd|efl dxlcfeq` Ikcxfefl }d lk} cidfl |e}b clk-`c}kq Ikcxfefl cf c~~xd~xec}k `cqa{iefk dx okèfefk qdaeci xdik Mkvkid~efl o{fmc`kf}ci qjeiiq ef xkcmefl) |xe}efl) cfm acia{ic}efl Mkvkid~efl adfak~}q fkakqqcxu odx kvkxumcu ievefl Mkvkid~efl adfqaekfak) `dxcie}u) cfm c qacik do vci{kq Cabekvefl ~kxqdfci efmk~kfmkfak Mkvkid~efl c}}e}{mkq }d|cxm qdaeci lxd{~q cfm efq}e}{}edfq


• Cabekvefl fk| cfm `dxk `c}{xk xkic}edfq |e}b clk-`c}kq do hd}b qkrkq • Cabekvefl c `cqa{iefk dx okèfefk qdaeci xdik • Caak~ Caak~}efl }efl dfk dfk―q ―q ~buqes{ ~buqes{k k cfm cfm {qefl {qefl }bk hdmu hdmu kooka}evkiu • Cabekvefl k`d}edfci efmk~kfmkfak oxd` ~cxkf}q cfm d}bkx cm{i}q • Cabekvefl cqq{xcfak do kadfdèa efmk~kfmkfak • Qkika}efl cfm ~xk~cxefl odx cf daa{~c}edf • ^xk~cxefl odx `cxxeclk cfm ocèiu ieok • Mkvkid~efl ef}kiika}{ci qjeiiq cfm adfak~}q fkakqqcxu odx aevea ad`~k}kfak • Mkqexefl cfm cabekvefl qdaeciiu xkq~dfqehik hkbcvedx • Cas{exefl c qk} do vci{kq cfm cf k}beaci quq}k` cq c l{emk }d hkbcvedx


KCXIU CM[I]BDDM

• • • • • • • •

Qkika}efl c `c}k Ikcxfefl }d ievk |e}b c ~cx}fkx Q}cx}efl c ocèiu Xkcxefl abeimxkf @cfclefl c bd`k Lk}}efl q}cx}km ef cf daa{~c}edf ]cijefl df aevea xkq~dfqeheie}u Oefmefl c adflkfeci qdaeci lxd{~


@EMMIK CLK • • • • • • •

Cabekvefl cm{i} aevea cfm qdaeci xkq~dfqeheie}u Kq}chieqbefl cfm `cef}cefefl cf kadfdèa q}cfmcxm do ievefl Cqqeq}efl }kkfclk abeimxkf }d hkad`k xkq~dfqehik cfm bc~~u cm{i}q Mkvkid~efl cm{i} ikeq{xk-}e`k ca}eve}ekq Xkic}efl dfkqkio }d dfk―q q~d{qk cq c ~kxqdf Caak~}efl cfm cmg{q}efl }d }bk ~buqedidlea abcflkq do èmmik clk Cmg{q}efl }d clefl ~xdakqq


IC]KX @C][XE]U

• • • • • •

Cmg{q}efl }d mkaxkcqefl ~buqeaci q}xkfl}b cfm bkci}b Cmg{q}efl }d xk}exk`kf} cfm xkm{akm efad`k Cmg{q}efl }d mkc}b do c q~d{qk Kq}chieqbefl cf kr~ieae} cooeiec}edf |e}b dfk―q clk lxd{~ @kk}efl qdaeci cfm aevei dhielc}edfq Kq}chieqbefl qc}eqoca}dxu ~buqeaci ievefl cxxcflk`kf}q

HKBC_EDXEQ@

• Hkbcvedxq acf hk kieae}km hu ~dqe}evk xkefodxak`kf})) q{ab cq oddm }xkc}) dx xkefodxak`kf} kr}efl{eqbkm hu fklc}evk xkefodxak`kf})) q{ab cq hu qadimefl xkefodxak`kf} dx |e}bmxc|efl c}}kf}edf& • \c}qdf hkiekvkm }bc} bk ad{im `cjk do c abeim cfudfk bk mkqexkm ‑ oxd` c ~xdokqqedfci }d c }beko dx hkllcx ‑ qe`~iu hu xkefodxaefl hkbcvedx ef akx}cef |cuq&

HKBC_EDXEQ@

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Developmental Theories (Growth & Development)

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