Dissertation 2017

DISSERTATION

SCHOOL OF MARTIAL ARTS

SUBMITTED BY: SHEHZAD KHAN ( ROLL NO. 1332781085 ) GUIDED BY:AR. SASHI SINGH IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE IN ARCHITECTURE

SUNDERDEEP COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE (DASNA, GHAZIABAD, UTTAR PRADESH)

Sunderdeep College of Architecture Ghaziabad

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Dissertation titled “SCHOOL OF MARTIAL ARTS” submitted by “SHEHZAD KHAN”as a part of 5years Undergraduate Program in Architecture at SUNDERDEEP COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE is a record of bonafide work carried out by her under our guidance. The content included in the Thesis has not been submitted to any other University or institution for accord of any other degree or diploma.

Ar. Sashi Singh Guide Name

Ar.DevarpitaSikata (Dissertation Guide)

Dr.Anju Saxena (Executive Director)

Sunderdeep College of Architecture Ghaziabad

DECLARATION I SHEHZAD KHAN hereby declares that the dissertation entitled “SCHOOL OF MARTIAL ARTS” submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of B.Arch is my original research work and that the information taken from secondary sources is given due citations and references.

SHEHZAD KHAN 8thSemester B.Arch 2017-18

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to acknowledge all those who have helped me in getting this study to a successful present status. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide, AR. SASHI SINGH for his valuable suggestions and criticism. He made this possible. I extend my sincere thanks to my parents; they accompanied me to all my sites for the study and survey. All my batch mates especially THANKS TO MY SENIOR AQIL KHAN for extending help and support, SDCA and all the other authorities which helped me in this study. I dedicate this work to my parents, friends,faculty etc. Once again I take this opportunity to thank all those who have directly or indirectly helped me and sincere apologies if I have forgotten to mention any one in particular

ABSTRACT

Through the design of a school for the Chinese martial arts, the issue arises of transposing a style of architecture to a time and place other than its original context.

Accordingly, the distillation and transformation of principles of Chinese architecture will be a part of the creation of an architecture appropriate to a modern American city.

The goal of this thesis is to design a new school for training in kung fu, specifically the hung-fut system. This system teaches traditional kung fu, lion and dragon dancing, tai-chi, and sparring. Students of the Chinese system of martial arts known as kung fu should have a sense of the culture that produced the system of kung-fu.

A building for the school must fulfill the requirements for the primary function of education as well as secondary functions such as administration and public performance. The architecture of the school should express the culture and history that created this system of martial arts. Therefore, principles of Chinese architecture, as well as relevant philosophies such as feng-shui, should be incorporated in the design of the school.

DISSERTATION 2017

SCHOOL OF MARTIAL ARTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

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CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1

1.1 AIM 1.2 OBJECTIVE 1.3 PROJECT BRIEF

2 2 2

CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE STUDY - 1

4

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

5 5 6 6 6 7 7

PROJECT HISTORY BUILDING TIMELINE THE STRUCTURE EVENTS THE FAÇADE PLANNING SPACES

CHAPTER 3 : LITERATURE STUDY -2

11

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7

12 12 13 14 19 20 20

BUILDING INFORMATION DESIGN ASPECTS MULTIFUNCTIONALITY URBAN CONTEXT SPATIAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION ACOUSTICS STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS

CHAPTER 4 : CASE STUDY – 1

21

4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 SITE FEATURES 4.3 LOCATION 4.4 THE GURUKULAM 4.5 TRAINING 4.6 KALAKARI MASSAGE 4.7 PLANNING AND DESIGN 4.8 LEGEND 4.9 SPACES 4.10 ZONING 4.11 TRAINING AREA 4.12 GUEST ACCOMODATION 4.13 MASSAGE CENTRE

23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 26 26 26 28 29

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

4.14 LIGHTING AND VENTILATION 4.15 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

29 29


30

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7

31 31 31 32 32 33 33

LOCATION SITE APPROACH SITE FEATURES PLANNING STRUCTURE ACTIVITIES LIGHTING AND VENTILATION


34

6.1 SPECIALITY 6.2 BUILDING INFORMATION 6.3 FACILITIES 6.4 FESTIVALS 6.5 AMBIENCE 6.6 TRAINING 6.7 TREATMENT 6.8 PLANNING AND SPACES 6.9 TEMPLE COMPLEX AND TEMPLE 6.10 SARSANG HALL 6.11 MEDITATION CAVE 6.12 LANDSCAPING 6.13 KALARI 6.14 LIGHTING AND VANTILATION 6.15 STACK EFFECT 6.16 ACCOMODATION

35 35 35 36 36 36 36 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 40 41

CHAPTER 7 : CASE STUDY – 4 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 BUILDING INFORMATION 7.3 DESIGN ASPECT

42 43 43

CHAPTER 8 :SPECIAL CASE STUDY 8.1 INTRODUCTION

45

CHAPTER 9 :SPECIAL LIETRATURE STUDY

9.1 INTRODUCTION

48

CHAPTER 10 :SPECIAL CASE STUDY 10.1 BUILDING INFORMATION 10.2 DAYLIGHTING IN DESIGN 10.3 WAYS OF INCORPORATING DAYLIGHTING IN DESIGN 10.4 INNOVATIVE DAYLIGHTING 10.5 LIGHT SHELVES

50 52 52 54 54

11 CONCLUSION

58

12 BIBLOGRAPHY

59

introduction i 01

Chapter 1 : Introduction Martial arts as a subject have been well accepted worldwide, especially in the Asian countries since they have been pioneers of the art ever since man walked the face of the earth. Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practices, which are practiced for a variety of reasons: self-defense, competition, physical health and fitness, entertainment, as well as mental, physical, and spiritual development. India, on the other hand, though accepting towards this pristine art, has not been able to pay much attention to be able to develop centres for martial arts lovers, to prepare themselves or take it up as their sole training. There are many centres spread all over the country which struggle to survive since their infrastructure is the weak link. An appropriate space is required for a trainee in order to bring your body and soul in par with the sacred form of art. The proposed martial arts centre would provide training for martial arts of all kinds. It is a yearning to amalgamate all forms of martial arts under one roof. Providing training of the culturally rich Japanese, Chinese and Indian martial arts would most certainly interest people in other forms other than the ones they train in and give them an opportunity to expand their circle of knowledge. It is a way of life encompassing physical, spiritual, and moral dimensions with a focus of self-improvement, fulfilment, or personal growth.

introduction i 02

1.1 AIM The Aim of the project is to teach the students of various gender and age group a more focused type of learning which includes discipline, structure, order, and routine. Martial arts will be the tool to help teach the students the skills to everyday life. This practice not only teaches the children how to be disciplined in martial arts, but it provides a solid foundation for them to apply to other learning experiences,

1.2 OBJECTIVES • To develop a place to exercise the mind, body, and sprit. • To learn the history and philosophy of martial arts. • To facilitate the proper infrastructure for traini ng different types

of martial arts. • To offer the awareness and education on the traditional to modern

martial arts. • To provide spaces for training martial artists to compete in Olympics and other International competition representing India.

1.3 PROJECT BRIEF Although Indian culture has an impressive influence on the formation of modern martial arts, India is one among the few countries with the lowest number of total Olympic medals per capita, There is a considerable number of people who take up martial arts as a career line, Training, coaching facilities and infrastructure in India has not been very impressive. An institute for training and practicing martial arts for competitions and fitness will be a place where people can learn and prosper in their respective fields. The need for teaching and learning the various martial arts practiced in India have been gaining a lot of importance lately.

literature studies i 3

literature studies i 4—

Chapter 2 : Literature study

The Tokyo Budokan is a sports facility that primarily hosts martial arts exhibitions and competitions. it is located in the Higashi Ayase Metropolitan Park in Tokyo and it is run by the Sport Benefits Corporation. This Budokan is used for many martial Tournaments and is also a training facility for martial artists. The building of the tokyo budokan is a sports complex built to recieve and disseminate Japanese culture through their martial arts. The Tokyo Budo-kan was born as a base to practice the time-honored Japanese tradition of martial arts in a new era, and expand it into the future. The building is also gathering acclaim for its novel design, rich in artfulness appropriate for an international metropolis like Tokyo. culture, should be viewed not merely as forms of sporting activities but as a belonging in the group of artistic endeavours on the basis of their cultural ramifications.

Building Information Architect: Kijo Rokkaku

Design Aspects

Stucturals :Hanawa Structural Engineers Structural System : Steel Structures Year of Construction : 1989 Location : Higashi Ayase Metropolitan Park, Tokyo, Japan. Area : 1,972 square mtrs Martial arts: Judo, Kendo, Kyudo, Kara- tedo, Aikido, Shorinji Kempo, Naginata, Jukendo, and Hojutsu.

The Tokyo Budokan is a sports art hail designed in 1990 by the famous Kijo Rokkaku in order to hold and disseminate Japanese culture by the means of its traditional martial arts. The idea behind the peculiar, angular design of the building covered with cascading diamond shapes is to reflect a human-made mountain that meets the sea and the sky.

A facility appropriately named a martial arts

The whole Project started with the definitive assumption that the martial arts of japan known as Budo, which represents one aspect of japanese

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MARTIAL ARTS


2.1 Project History The whole project started with the definitive assumption that the martial arts of japan known as the Budo, which represents one aspect of japanese culture, should be viewed not merely as forms of sporting activities but as belonging in the group of artistic endeavours on the basis of their cultural ramifications. The Tokyo Budokan in Ayase, Adachi ward is a facility specially designed for budo, although the building itself is not based on traditional japanese style. The architect view from the street Kijo Rokkaku believed that budo is the only type of sport that can be regarded as art. He felt that to design a building that fits the high spirituality of budo, it was inappropriate to apply traditional styles, such as those used for temples and castles, which have strong historical associations. He therefore proposed that a nontraditionai style be adopted for the budokan. Constructed in 1989-1990, the unique structure reflects Un-Kai-San-Jin, the japanese understanding of nature, clouds, the sea, mountains and people. At the same time, the design expresses the ongoing rythm of mountain ranges, the ocean and the pattern of waves.

interiors of a training space

2.2 Building Timeline March 1988 :Construction begins on the Metropolitan Tokyo Budo-kan December 1988 :Construction is completed, and the facility's formal name is changed from Metropolitan Budo-kan to Tokyo Budo-kan February 1990 Tokyo Budo-kan opens with an opening ceremony. Hosts the Tokyo Martial Arts Festival (grand opening) April 1991 :Remodeling of the Tokyo Budo-kan and training room; the remodeled training room wins the 1991 Architectural Institute of Japan Prize February 2002 : Hosts the Tokyo Budo-kan Cup March 2002 The Tokyo Budo-kan symbol flag is established May 2002 : Rental of the tea ceremony room for a charge begins November 2002: Business commemorating the 400th anniversary of the establishment of Edo Prefecture; hosts the Tokyo Budo-kan Variety Show December 2002 business commemorating the 400th anniversary of the establishment of Edo Prefecture; hosts the Classical Martial Arts Exhibition March 2011 :Facility accepted persons who could not return home due to the impact of the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, which struck on March 11 (now known as the Great East Japan Earthquake) From March 17:, Tokyo Budo-kan halts normal operation to serve as a shelter for refugees of the Fukushima nuclear accident related to the Great East Japan Earthquake

6


2.3 The Structure The complex harbors a main, wooden-floored training arena that covers over 1,972 square meters and that can welcome 1,728 seated spectators. A massive main dojo of 289 tatami (520 square meters) is used for events requiring matted areas. In addition to that, a second wooden-floored dojo of 473 square meters usually serves for Kendo and Naginata competitions. A large Kyudo area can welcome over 10 archers, both for close and long range shooting exercises. The building is also equipped with a training room filled with weight and aerobics equipments, a large conference room, and a traditional room used for tea ceremony.

2.4 Events The structure was damaged during the March 11,2011 earthquake and its ability to withstand high magnitude tremors was questioned. But more than a sports hall, the Tokyo Budokan was also meant to assume a social function, which it did when it welcomed refugees from the quake- and tsunami-hit areas right after the tragic events of March 2011. After serving its disaster relief purpose, the Tokyo Budokan was closed to the public in January 2012 and renovation works were undertaken in order to 2.5 The Facade make the building comply better with earthquake The facade of the building is made up of numerous safety regulations. diamond shapes reminiscent of caicite crystals as well as houses, mountains and the clouds which appear in August 11,2012 marked the official reopening Japanese paintings. The conceptual shape is taken celebration of the Tokyo Budokan and experts from several Japanese Martial Art schools were invited to into the interior rooms. This concept art is actually very central complex give demonstrations, followed by a series of since it combines the traditional Japanese art into competitions in the afternoon. modern structure.


2.6 Planning in a very Japanese way of mixing tradition with the moder, the Tokyo Martial Arts center in Ayase is housed in a futuristic looking, avant-garde building that shares more with the transformers that the traditional arts teach there.

Ground Floor plan The ground floor is where most classes take place. It is the area in blue has tatami mats covering the floor and this is where sensei teaches most. The red line guides you through the building towards the dojo and the male and female dressing rooms. The Naginata Daikomyosai vas in the Large Budojo

First Floor plan where sensei sometimes teaches, it has a wooden floor.

2.7 Spaces Dai-Bujodo (Large Dojo)

Seating plan of the Dai-Bujodo The Budojo nr.2 on the first floor (in blue) is

The largest dojo (martial arts training hall) in Tokyo Budokan, with a 1,972 square meter (34 58m) competition area. The competition area features a special wood-like cushioning floor, thanks to the use of oak laminate flooring. The dojo is used for a wide range of indoor sports and recreation, from martial arts like kendo and judo, to volleyball and badminton. Equipped with fixed seating for 1,728 spectators, the Dai-budojo(Large Dojo) is capable of hosting full-scale competitions. With enough space for eight regulation-size rings for judo and kendo, or three volleyball courts, it is also possible to use the dojo in units of one third.


interior of the main dojo Daiichi-budojo(First Dojo) The Daiichi~budojo(First Dojo) has a 520 square meter (16.5 31.5m) competition area made of tatami mats, it is used for martial arts that take place on tatami mats, such as judo and aikido. There is enough space for two judo rings for use in competitions, and it is possible to use the dojo in units of one half.

Daini-budojo(Second Dojo) The Daini-budojo(Second Dojo) has a 473 square meter (15.5 30.5m) competition area made of pure red pine flooring. It is used for martial arts that take place on wood flooring, such as kendo and naginata, a traditional pole weapon. Overshoes are prohibited in the dojo in principle, but the dojo may be used for barefooted aerobics and other exercises. There is enough space for two kendo rings for use in competitions, and it is possible to use the dojo in units of one half.

The Center is a beautiful building that is not very well known to people outside Ayase, is worth a visit if you are in the north of Tokyo.


Kyudo-jo(Japanese Archery Range) The Kyudo-jo (Japanese Archery Range) of the Tokyo Budo-Kan has a unique structure with its long-range shooting gallery which is located above the short-range shooting gallery. The short-range gallery has positions for 12 archers and 10 long-range archers. Although the facility is mainly used for competitions and practice of Kyudo (Japanese archery), please make an inquiry in advance for practicing standard archery in the short-range gallery.

Training Room The training room provides a variety of services to increase the wellness of its users, starting with the creation of a training menu according to user's goals. The training room brings together a mixture of various training machines like exercise bikes and treadmills, so that you can enjoy an effective and stress-free workout suited to your physical condition. Feel free to inquire about short programs.


Large Lecture Hall / Main Culture room The large main culture room is a large conference room with a capacity of 200 people (120 people if using desks). In addition to conferences and seminars, it may be used for light exercise and recreation. Since the room can be divided into three smaller rooms using partitions, it is possible to use it as a small practice or classroom to suit your purpose.

Cha-Shitsu (Tea ceremony room) A genuine tea ceremony room as may be expected from a martial arts facility. May be used for training in tea ceremony or flower arrangement.

Interiors Art is also very much present in the surroundings of the Tokyo Budokan with the presence of sculptures commissioned from five renowned Japanese artists.



Literature studies i 12

Chapter 3 : Introduction Arena Zagreb is the multifunctional indoor arena with 15.000 seating capacity built to host the 2009 World Men's Handball Championship. It is located in the south-western part of Zagreb, Croatia. Thanks to its iconic design and position at one of the main city entrances, it has immediately become a landmark of the city. Experienced in city micro-scale it is positioned in the semi urban district with huge development plans, representing the central point of the new planned shopping / entertainment center surrounded with new planned residential zones.By recent reconstruction of neighbouring access streets, the whole area got appropriate and well dimensioned traffic connection to the remaining parts of the city, which includes also the city bus connection (tram connection planned in the near future).

3.1 Building Information Architects:

UPI-2M Location: Zagreb, Croatia Structural Design: BERISLAV MEDIC Area: 90340.0 sqm Project Year: 2009

3.2 Design Aspects The unique shape of this building is strongly inspired by its significance in the city context, and has been achieved by synergy between its architecture and structure.Shaped as an oval ribbed white bowl, 86 large pre-stressed, pre-fabricated concrete curved columns form the main fagade. They are mutually connected by an illuminate semi-translucent double-skin polycarbonate envelope which enables various light effects. Suspended roof structure is hanging from those columns leaving minimum roof structure below roof level.Having in mind that the venue of such capacity cannot be profitable if capable to host only sports competitions, Arena Zagreb was designed as a multifunctional hail with all spatial and functional characteristics which enable maximal flexibility and provide numerous events to take place. Arena Zagreb won the Structural Design of the Year award at the 2009 World Architecture Festival and Grand spectacle award at Global BBR 2010.


3.3 Multifunctionality Multi-functionality is achieved by many elements such as the flexibility of the grandstand with its lower rows of retractable seats and curtain partitions, possibility of dividing the whole building in smaller mutually independent spatial zones and by covering the needs of all types of users and events.Aiso, other design in terventions made a great contribution to building's qualities, such as preserving sufficient spaces reserved for performers and event managers, providing simple and fluid visitors' circulation from entering point to the seats on the stand, organising various catering facilities, adequate acoustic interventions within the bowl as well as providing sufficient roof bearing capacity capable to carry additional scene equipment. Arena Zagreb is designed for hosting numerous sporting, cultural, entertainment and business events such as: handball, indoor football, basketball, volleyball, indoor athletics, hockey, other sporting competitions and also concerts, exhibitions, fairs, congresses and family shows, in order to adequately accommodate such events, many supporting facilities are being provided catering, sanitary, cloak rooms, offices and similar spaces; also the small training hail with its own facilities and smaller multi-functional spaces on the 2nd floor can be used for mini congresses, workshops and / or lectures.

This new multi-functional venue consists of 6 floor levels (1 underground and 5 above ground), covering total GBA of 90.340 m2 on a 29.540 m2 footprint. There are 926 parking places in total, plus 38 bus / obivan parking places.The height of the underground water prohibited the execution of additional underground garage levels, and on the other hand reduced size of the plot didn't allow planning parking on the terrain around the venue.


3.4 Urban Context The chosen site is positioned in a previously undeveloped city district, with few low budget social residential buildings and uncultivated fields - the narrow surrounding and the plot itself were more a dump yard then a field.Even after the Arena design was officially presented to the public, during construction and especially after it ended, the surrounding area has really started to develop rapidly and the Arena has became the highlight point of the new planned shopping / entertainment complex surrounded with new planned residential zones. This effect was additionally supported by the major road and public infrastructure reconstruction around the plot in order to enable quality vehicle and pedestrian access to Arena.In order to maximally integrate Arena in the future urban tissue, a richly dimensioned main pedestrian approach platform with four main entrances to the venue was planed.

The height of the underground water prohibited the execution of additional underground garage levels, and on the other hand reduced size of the plot didn't allow planning parking on the terrain around the venue. Resembling a giant rib cage around the building, 86 large pre-stressed, prefabricated concrete curved columns form the main fagade, connected by a semitranslucent polycarbonate envelope that allows for

various light effects.


Floor Plans and Spacial Drawings _J 1_________

.. ...

—-y4fiK> / ARENA ZAGREB

” 2M

ground floor



ARENA ZAGREB

cross section

2M

multifunctionality_sports

2M

rulxi IrJnJ

*>* '■ '

ARENA ZAGREB


ARENA ZAGREB

multifunctionality_concerts

facts in numbers •90 340m2 total aroa •15 024 soating capacity on grandstands •17 v>p bones -10 media boxes •17 catonng facilities •926 pariong places -38 bos pariung places •880m2 office space -trairsng gym

grandstand entrances

1st floor ground floor garage

ARENA ZAGREB

organisation scheme

r


3.5 Spatial and Functional Organization Functional area partition follows the circulation routes of different users. Underground level is mainly garage space approachable by 2 car ramps. On the ground floor, there is a field of play with all necessary athletes-, performers-, judges-, trainer's facilities as well as the rentable office area. The central arena's court can easily be transformed, depending on the particular event needs. The 1st floor represents the main pedestrian approach level with four main entrances to the venue. The visitors enter the grandstand directly from this level or by rising to the 3rd floor and passing through the circular halls with numerous catering facilities - partly connected to the pedestrian platform and usable also independently from the venue. The 2nd floor is reserved for VIPguests and media stuff - they have their own fully equipped spaces with possibility of multi-functional usage also for conferences, workshops or congresses. The 4th floor is reserved for technical equipment, but is also connected to catwalks distributed underneath the roof and used for maintenance of lighting and loudspeaker devices assembled along them. All described zones are mutually independent and equipped with sufficient number of separated accesses with very clear user's circulation system quick and easy entering and exiting is perfectly secured, and mixing user's circulation routes is avoided.

Grandstand The flexibility of this venue is the most visible by the grandstand transformability. According to the main seating configuration for handball competitions (also basketball, volleyball, tennis and indoor football) the grandstand is covering 15.024 seats of which 151 incorporated for disabled spectators. The lowest part of the grandstand is a zone of 15-row retractable stands (26-row at the potential stage position) with 4.556 seats (plus additional 132 free seats at the court level). The remaining part of the grandstand is fixed and incorporates 10.336 seats divided on lower and upper stand. This includes 314 VIP seats in front of VIP boxes. Cultural and entertainment events (concerts, exhibitions, fairs...) demand the grandstand to be transformed in line with the requirements of the event organizer, so the ground space can be used for additional seating or standing places. If the nature of the event requires reduced seating capacity, the upper part of the stand can be enclosed using the suspended textile partitions.

literature studies i 20 —

3.6 Acoustics Respecting all foreseen events that are going to be held in Arena Zagreb, the acoustic calculations and models gave the optimal solution for application of various acoustic materials, which resulted with the well balanced space acoustic in this venue. Combined with this a dispersed loudspeakers system has been chosen for less demanding performances, otherwise the additional equipment is to be installed depending of the wanted acoustic requirements.

3.7 STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS The roof bearing structure consists of 23 suspended steel girders with approximately 100m span, mutually connected with two stabilization spatial girders and a network of catwalks. From this structure the load is transferred to the pre-stressed concrete curvedly formed columns - lamellas - positioned around the venue's perimeter. They have been produced on the site with support of the site installed concrete production plant and with usage of filtered gravel material from excavation of the pit. The main fagade consists of ventilated semitranslucent polycarbonate envelope that enables reduction in heat losses, secures daylight in circular halls around the grandstands, and provides space for illuminate installation of the main fapade. This envelope is positioned between concrete curved lamellas, whose white coloured surface by its reflection characteristics prevents overheating as well.

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case study I 21 —

Chapter 4 : Case Study Kalari Gurukulam_ Bangalore Combat kinetics_ Chennai Indian School of Martial Arts_ Trivandrum Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium Chennai

case studies I 22—

case studies i 23—

4.1 Introduction Kalaripayattu, the martial art form from Kerala adds on to the rich Indian heritage of age old traditions and a vibrant culture. Along with the art forms of dance, music, theatre and literature, Kalaripayattu was also encouraged as an art form by its exponents. Art for entertainment has always thrived, even in tough economic times. But with Kalaripayattu the story has been different. It is slowly losing its original structure, due to lack of application in the present world, the Gurukuiam, as the term implies, is designed to provide the students of Kalari with a total learning experience of Kalaripayattu. This would be done by being amidst teachers and other students and imbibing the essence of this martial art form. Apart from conducting regular classes, the institute also aims at providing to be a resource and research centre for anything related to Kalaripayattu. Set in very serene surroundings, the Gurukuiam derives its name from the ancient Indian practice of students learning and residing at the abode of the teacher.

which is 22 kms far from Bangalore city. It can be approached by busses taken from Hennur cross which is 8 kms from the village bus stop.

4.2 Site Features The site has a tropical savanna climate with Hot and dry months. Due to its high elevation , it usually has a moderate climate throughout the year. Soil is red soil and the area is under development with limited residencial and industrial buildings.

4.3 Location #102, Maple Meadows, Chikkagubbi. The Ashram is located in the Chikkagubbi village,


4.4 The Gurukulam The Kalari Gurukulam offers a residencial, year round traing program in kalaripayattu. it is an approved centre for international scholarships through 1CCR, Government of India. The Gurukulam was constructed 16 years ago by a civil engineer. The gurukulam initially had the basement training space followed by the construction of the master's office. Then 6 years later the accomodation spaces for the foriegn students and residencial students were built next to the existing training space.

4.5

Training

and

This training includes body conditioning excercises, basic hand, leg and body techniques. the teaching of asnas (postures relating to kalariyapattu and yoga) also is a pert of this program.

4.6 Kalari Massage Combat situation demands an extremely agile, strong and supple body, which would instantly reflex the focused mind. The ancient martial artists (warriors) used kalari massage to prime their body and sharpen reflexes. Massage helps the body to attain a healthy constitution as well as flexibility, nimbleness and suppleness. Moreover, massage can improve mental alertness and attention span by reducing tension and calming the mind.

Courses Full Course: The training for the full course starts at the age of 9 which includes 3 stages of kalaripayattu. Stage 1 : Meithari ( body preparative) Stage 2 : Kolthari (wooden weapons) Stage 3 : Ankathari (Combat weapons) Beginners Course: This course training period varies from 2 months to 2 years. T Main Entrance



4.7 Planning and Design The total size of the site is 67ft X 52ft, The plot contains Kalari, Stay, Masters office and the Massage center.

4.8 Legend

Ground floor plan A

1. Master's office with attatched toilet. 2. Kalari 3. Changing room 4. Stretching area 5. Staircase 6. Inkeepers room 7. Guest Accomodation 8. Dining room 9. Restroom 10. Kalari Entrance 11. Accomodation entrance 12. Staircase to first floor 13. Massage center 14. Guest room.

T Guest Accomodation Entrance



4.9 Spaces The major spaces in the building are the Kalari, The guest accomodation facility and the massage center. As per tradition, the entrance to ail these spaces are faced towards East and ail of these spaces Kalari majorly use the natural day lighting and ventialation to the atmost possible amount.

4.11

Training area for kalaripayattu. Dimensions : 24 Ft x 36 Ft Orientation : East West Height : Double height space (5.4m) Entry : East

4.10 Zoning

The Structure It is covered on all sides and built below groundlevel. The reasons behind it are: 1. kalari is a secret art 2. To avoid drishti from outsiders 3. It becomes an isolated space from

Kalari

Guest Accomodation Massage center

the surroundings which is required during intense training 4. Noise cancellation, from vehivles and other means 5. The caved structure keeps the temperature and moisture in the kalari constant. Construction The location for the construction of kalari is chosen based on the Vastu Sastra. The mud is dug out for about 5 feet below and is used for making the four perimeter walls. The ground of the pit i made of red sand mixed with various herbs. Occupancy 15 students per session. 6 students per session can practice with weapons. the rest of the students can watch while the 6 practice with the weapons.

The spaciai experience within the building is pri- Inner spaces marily as aspect of the juxtaposition between 1. Changing room - to get dressed before the built, semi-built and the unbuilt spaces. and after training and to apply essential There are three levels of 'built' spaces withing oils the complex enclosed. 2. Space for Stretching.


Photos

V 1. The main entrance to the kalari. It has a

two way wooden door which is 2 Ft below ground level.

2. The space for stretching and relaxing, made up of

broken tiles.

3. Rough granite stone steps fixed to the mud wall.

4. the east west corner (kanni mula)has the diety which

the students worship before training it is called Kalari Putra and ail the weapons are lined up on the wall.

5. Students practicing without weapons.

6.

students practicing with weapons while the rest of them watch from the sides.

7.

Surya namaskar infront of the deity.



4.12 Guest Accomodation There are two rooms for guests who come for training . The one in the ground floor contains, 2 double beds, a dining room, space for cooking and a bathroom. The lighting and ventilation are tried to achieve naturally. The other one is in first floor on a tree top which has only bed and a swiong for relaxation.

Area : 34 Ft x 24 Ft

case studies I 29—

4.13 Massage Center A 12 Ft x 16 Ft semi open chamber completely secluded with blinds is used for full body massaging. The patients are made to lie down on the bed facing east and given treatment.

Bamboo has been very effectively used as a material for stairs, floors onthe first floor and even for lanterns and other objects.

4.14 Lighting and Ventilation Natural lighting and ventialation is achieved through various openings and waterfront.

4.15 Construction Materials The Roof: Both the kalari and accomodation facility has thatched roof. Walls : walls are made out of mud which were dug out during the excavation for the kalari. It maintains a very cool temperature during either climates.

Floor: The ground of the kalari is made of red sand mixed with various herbs which itself forms part of the treatment for small wounds that one may encounter during training. The flooring mud is watered everyday to keep it

case studies i 30 —

COMBAT KINETICS

CHENNAI


Chapter 5 : Introduction Combat Kinetics is South India's largest chain of MMA Fitness Clubs. It is currently comprised of 4 MMA Fitness Clubs / Centres in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. At Combat Kinetics, our MMA Fitness programmes are constantly evolving. We fuse the best of modern sports science with traditional wisdom. Be it Combat Sports, Parkour, Functional Fitness or Athletics, our MMA Fitness chain is at the spears head in establishing the concepts of Mixed Martial Arts, Urban Combat, high intensity workouts and movement-based fitness programmes in India. We believe there is no gym or fitness club anywhere in India where you can get this level of performance fitness, combat sports or martial arts training under one roof.

5.1 Location Sherwood Hall Senior Secondary School, Chetpet, Chennai. The dojo is located on the terrace of a block in the school. The Roofed terrace and the room adjacent to it is used as well as the ground of the school.

5.2 Site Approach The site is located in the Sherwood school off Harrington road. It is approximately 3 Kms from the Chetpet Railway station.

5.3 Site Features The site is in chennai, It has tropical wet and dry climate. Since its on the coastal region the extreme variation in the seasonal temperature is observed.



5.4 Planning The training Dojo is located on the terrace of a block in the Sherwood Senior Secondary school. One of the main reason the site was chosen to be inside the school is to provide training and awareness of ther martial arts and fitness among the school children. Area : 200 square meters

The terrace is roofed with aluminium sheets and supported by enough coloumns running through the plan. The expansion of the dojo involved taking up of one more room next to the terrace and renovating it to cater the training needs, the new room had wooden flooring. Dojo mats and mirrors were put up inside the room for severe practice sessions.

2.5 0.85

5.5 Structure


interior of the terrace dojo

5.6 Activities The two main activities in the dojo are: 1. Training - inside the room 2, Combat session - terrace structure.

5.7 Lighting and Ventilation Since the dojo is on the terrace, it uses natural lighting during the day time through the gaps between the roof and the wails. The terrace area uses natural ventialation while the

room inside in air conditioned


CHAPTER 6 : KALARI DHARMIKAM INDIAN SCHOOL OF MARTIAL ARTS TRIVANDRUM

S


6.2 Building Information Kalariyil Dharmikam ashram is a truly unique place. It is the only place that you will find a martial art, Healing system,and spiritual tradition that are part of one Name : Kalariyil Dharmika Ashram Location : cohesive system. Kalariyil dharmika ashram is an Parasuvaikkal, Trivandrum, Kerala Site Area : 8 Acres ashram where life revolves around kalari training. It Designed by : Swami Hanuman Das encompasses the spiritual aspects of kalari payattu and adopts it as a life style. 6.3 Facilities The aim of the ashram is to pass this tradition and life Stylre down to the younger generation Kalariyil The Kalariyil Dharmikam Ashram comes with all dharmikam ashram headed by guru balachandran Nair, modern facilities, en suite rooms for guests to relax presently known as Sat Guru Dharmananda Hanuman between treatments and enjoy traditional vegetarian Das is one of the few surviving masters of Kalarippayattu, who has dedicated his life to sustain the popularity of this ancient martial art form.

6.1 Speciality Experience tradition and a Cohesive system of martial healing and spiritual.

Gurukal : Gurukal Balachandran Nair By virtue of his long dedication and devotion to his Masters, who trace their lineage to the mighty sage Agastya, he has acquired the knowledge of the Marmas and has on record on ancient palm leaf and other manuscripts treatments for virtually every known ailment, disability and injury.


Temple At Kalariyil Dharmikam Ashram, one could also become part of the time-tested traditions and customs of kerala.there is a beautiful temple here, dedicated to lord Hanuman, where all can visit and partake in the dailyb worship and sacred chantings.

6.4 Festivals Shiva Rathri, Maha Shiva Rathri, Onam, Vishu. Kalariyil Dharmikam Ashram also celebrates some of the festival occasions of Kerala in traditional gaiety.

6.5 Ambience Exceptional peace and natural beauty of its premises which are very conducive to both healing and relaxation.

6.6 Training Students must first get registered for the courses.it is a graded training schedule, demanding dedication, discipline and devotion. The courses here include the Basic Level; the intermediate Level; the Advanced level, the Senior level; the Advanced Level, the Senior Level, the instructor Level (for attaining proficiency in the usage of sword and shield, spear and lastly urumi or the long coiled sword). Graded certification of progress and proficiency is awarded to those taking part in the Basic, Intermediate, Advanced and instructor level courses.

6.7 Treatment - Kalarichikilsa Kalariyil Dharmikam Ashram is also noted for Kalari treatment. The exact treatments received will depend on the constitution of the person's body, nature of the ailment, and the diagnosis of the Guru. At Kalariyil Dharmikam Ashram, all treatments are supervised and directed by the Guru.Treatments will differ from person to person and will be performed by highly experienced practitioners.


6.8 Planning and spaces Indian School of Martial Arts is a 8 acre site with traditional martial art of kalaripayattu is trained, the campus holds the complexes of Teaching, learning, treatment and divinity. The major spaces are The temple complex, Dharmikam, Ashram and the Kalari.

SITE PLAN A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Legend

- Back Entry - Main Entry - Parking - Rain Water tank - Administration block - Nandi Shed - Swami meeting room - Meditation chamber - Temple complex 8 - Kalari Complex 9 - Guest rooms

13 - Treatment room 14 - Kashayapura 15 - Lotus pond 16 - the Barn 17 - Gurukal home 18 - VIP guest house 19 - Main Entrance

10 - Community Kitchen 11 - Student housing 12 - Staff residence

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6.9 Temple complex The Temple The gurukal is a devotee of hanuman .thus he has dedicated his lifes work and the kaalri to hanuman the temples is in the middle of the kalari complex implying the significance to the temple the kalari is facing the temple is residential facility for credited guest.

6.10 Sarsang Hall DIMENSION OF THE HALL : 12M x 6M It has a stage with a 8 piliered hall and agni- kund for conducting pooja in the hall. A thu- labharam to weight offering to the temple, the guru has, placed his master walking stick alone with the deities. The satsang hall is a transition space before entering the kalari. Thus invarieably to go to the kalri one has to pass to the temple implying a sense of respect towards the gods. Satsang conducted by the guru takes place every Monday and Wednesday.

1.

Temple

2.

Sarsang Hail



6.11 Meditation Cave Area : 15 square metres It is a basement level cave for meditating, It is a rock cut cave which is completely isolated from the outside environtment. The cave is front of the temple but hidden from the plain sight,

6.12 Landscaping The beautiful landscape features include the directional pathways, the green lush, A lotus pond and fixtures. The have a small bridge and a water feature to add to the serenity.


6.13 Kalari Dimentions: 6m x 12m Style: Northern kerala Type : Kuzhi kalari Height of the cieling : 12m The main entrance is on the southern wall since it faces the temple infront of it. The pit is also completely isolated and demarcates a silence zone.

6.14 Lighting and Ventilation The pit uses natural lighting during the day time and artificial lamps during the dark

6.15 Stack Effect Stack effect is used for ventilation.

case studies i 41 —

6.16 Accomodation VIP Guest room There is one VIP guest room with a Living room, Kitchen, 2 Bedrooms, A Pivate treatment room and a Steam room.

Guest Rooms There are 8 single and double bedrooms for foriegn students and other residential students who stay and Exterior view - VIP Guest house learn the martial ar

Exterior view - Guest house interior - Double Bedroom


CHAPTER 7: JAWAHARLAL NEHRU INDOOR STADIUM

SDAT MULTIPURPOSE ARENA CHENNAI 7.1 Introduction The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is a Chennai stadium and has a capacity of 60,000. It hosts football, and athletic competitions. The complex also houses a multi purpose indoor stadium with a seating capacity of 8000 which hosts volleyball, basketball, table tennis etc. The stadium is named after Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister. The stadium hosted nine Test Matches between 1956 and 1965. Next to Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium,an Indoor Stadium also called as Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium is situated.The indoor stadium has a seating capacity of 8000 which hosts volleyball, basketball, table tennis & other indoor games etc. Here large feasts of cinema, entertainment shows.

special study I 43 —

7.2 Building Information Location : Periyamet, Chennai Area : 23,100 sq, mtrs Architect: C.N.Raghavendran Building type : Sports Seating capacity: 8000 Year of completion : 1995 The stadium is located at close proximity ri the main Nehru stadium which is used for outdoor sports,

7.3 Design Aspects 1. Built in 1995, the indoor stadium has a seating

capacity of 8000 at 4 levels with galleries, 2. This particular project evolved itself as octogonal spectator gallery with unobstructed view from all sides. 3. The Architect has pioneered the concept of precasf and pre-sfressed buildings using longer span members. 4. This translates into a large structures without supporting coloumns in between, providing clear views and smooth movement. 5. This Technology significantly reduces the use of structural materials which subsequently reduces the weight of the building.

The seating arrangement is made as showin in the above picture. the stadium totally depends upon the artif


CHAPTER 8: Special Study AID OF DAYLIGHTING IN SPACIAL EXPERIENCE Literature Studies Daylighting in Design Innovative Daylighting System

case studies i 45

8.1:Intriduction:-The perception of space is directly connected to the way light integrates with it. What we see, what we experience and how we interpret the elements is affected by how light interacts with us and with the environment. Regarding architecture, in whatever dimension it can be analyzed, either as space, as material or as color, it is essentially dependant on the lighting situation that involves both the object and the observer. The dynamic daylight and the controlled artificial lighting are able to affect not only distinct physical measurable conditions in a space, but also to instigate and provoke different visual experiences and moods. Due to the light, it is possible to perceive different atmospheres in the same physical environment. Light constitutes an element of fundamental relevance for the design of spaces and therefore it plays a significant role in the discussion of quality in architecture. Valleaceron by S.M.A.O


Special study i 47 —

The second level is the description of the light in space. In his theory, Mr. Liljefors presents a list of seven basic terms for description of the light in the space by the visual experience: -

level of lightness spatial distribution of brightness shadows reflections glare color of light colors

Using these terms, it is effective to describe and understand the effects of lighting in a space and to make a reliable classification. Shadows, for example, play an important role to our observation. They can be soft or strong; they can present sharp or diffused borders. Good shadows are pleasant to see, but bad shadows can destroy the ambience, The colors of the materials are also responsible to Change the atmosphere. National Parliament House by Louis Kahn

"The Sun never knew how great it was until it hit the side of a building. " -Louis Kahn "Architecture is the skillful, accurate and magnificent plays of volumes seen in light. " - Le Corbusier



Chapter 9:-literature study

YOYOGI NATIONAL GYMNASIUM STADIUM, JAPAN

9.1: Introduction The Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, built for the Olympics in 1964, is the most famous work by the Japanese architectKenzo Tange, which catapulted him to international fame and to the Pritzker Prize, its aerodynamic, monumental and suggestive design became an icon of the Japanese capital and a benchmark in the Metaboiist Movement.


The building incorporates ample diffused light into the premises through the multivarious openings and skylights. Thus artificial lighting is unnecessary, standing testimony to the lighting efficiency of the building. Skylights were the signature of this lighting system.Tange used the space between the two catenary arched to allocate a large skylight which adds a dramatic effect within the space.The blade shaped concrete skin creates a pattern as it allows light to sneak through the gaps. The patterned glass panels on the building add to the diffused lighting of the complex. The lighting is concentrated to the center of the arena mainly in both the gymnasium and the swimming complexes.


Chapter 10:-literature study

BIBLIOTHECA ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT

10.1: Building Information : Architecture - 1989-2001 Location -Alexandria, Egypt Typology - Library Client - Ministry of Education, Egypt Size - 80.000 m Local Architect - Hamza Associate

The Bibliotheca Aiexandrina is built on a magnificent site alongside Alexandria's ancient harbor. The 11story library can contain up to 4 million volumes of books, and can be expanded up to 8 million, in addition to the library facilities, it also contains other cultural and educational functions including a planetarium, several museums, a school for information science, and conservation facilities.

l


indirectly lit by vertical, north facing skylights in the root the spacious room is not exposed to direct sunlight that is harmful to books. This creates a large amphitheater with a large variety of evenly lit reading facilities.

The partly glazed slanting roof of the main library, has been designed to angle sunlight, at optimum levels throughout the year, down to the desks and shelves set on tiers of gaiieried floors beneath it.


10.2: DAYLIGHTING IN DESIGN

A good design finds a way to manage light to provide comfortable conditions, Daylight is thus vital for this occurence. In the practice of architecture, daylighting refers to the use of natural light, be it brilliant sunlight or muted overcast light, to support the visual demands of building occupants.Perhaps the most obvious and certainly the most important aspect of daylighting is its capacity for change, leading to the infinite variety in appearance of the daylit interior. The natural colour of daylight increases contrast.- Daylight has long been associated with health.Utilizing natural light can lead to substantial energy savings.

10.3: WAYS OF INCORPORATING DAYLIGHTING IN DESIGN Windows The window is an opening in a wall or side of a building admitting light and often air to the interior.Modern windows are usually glazed or covered in some other transparent or translucent material, Windows are both tools to arrange the light coming into the building and a way to show the view towards the outside.


Rooflights The rooflight by definition permits daylight to enter from above through a glazed opening in the roof protecting the interior from wind and weather. Roof lighting types include roof windows, unit skylights, tubular daylighting devices (TDDs), sloped glazing, and custom skylights.

Atriums An interior light space enclosed on two or more sides by the walls of a building, and daylit from a roof of transparent or translucent material and, sometimes, from glazed ends or sides, it permits the entry of light to the other interior spaces, linked to it by glazed or unglazed openings.The atrium is therefore a further development of the dome or vault.


10.4: INNOVATIVE DAYLIGHTING Prismatic glazing The principle is to use methods of refraction of light, rather than reflection. Whilst this method can be applied to vertical windows, they are perhaps more successful when associated with systems of rooflight, a good example being Richard Rogers' redevelopment of Billingsgate fish market to a modern computer centre where sunlight is refracted away from the occupants to eliminate glare, whilst allowing daylight to the space below. As these have only a limited application they are expensive.

10.5: Light shelves It is possible by means of comparatively inexpensive building construction, to provide light

/

r Prismatic

light entering vnthn the cutoff range is blocked to control glare

a

glaring Cutoff range Conventional giawg

shelves.lt must be recognized that light shelves do not increase the daylight factors in a room, but they alter the distribution, assisting in getting light further towards the back of the room so that uniformity is improved. Light shelves are relatively cheap to install, and are less subject to damage than those used externally.


Light pipes Of all the methods of innovative daylighting, the light pipe has had the most universal application. It is basically a method of rooflighting, which by means of association with reflective tubes, directs the light to a lower level. Whilst it can be employed to direct light through several floors, this has the disadvantage of locating the pipes through the upper solii gain and glare. floors, taking up useful floor space. Light-pipe installations can be associated with a means of ventilation, and also with sources of artificial light which take over after dark or when the daylight

outside is insufficient, using a light control system.

Passive Windows

The design of 'the window' for a new building is of the first importance, not only because it will determine the appearance of the building, which it does, but because it is being asked to take a major role in the control of the building environment, With the large increase in 'passive' buildings, it is the window which is at the leading edge of new development. Its functions are as follows: 1. The provision of daylight 2. To solve the problem of mechanically controlled building ventilation without creating draughts 3. To cater for adequate thermal insulation 4. To provide adequate sound insulation for normal circumstances. 5. To control solar gain and diminish sun and skyglare.


DAYLIGHTING USED BY FAMOUS ARCHITECTS John Nouvel (Arab World Institute) The south facade of the building consists of high-tech photosensitive mechanical devices which control the light levels and transparency. It interprets traditional wooden Arab latticework screens into a glass and steel construction with 30,000 light-sensitive diaphragms on 1600 elements, which operate like a lens of a camera. This automatically opens and closes to control the amount of light and heat entering the building from the sun. The mechanism creates interior spaces with filtered light. Solar gain is easily mitigated by closing or reducing the aperture sizes.Recessed ground lights complement the light play that emanates from the interior of the structure at night.

Le Corbusier (Church of St.Pierre) Around noon the waves of light disappear and sunlight from two angled tubes in the roof strikes down into the darkness with sharply defined beams. A rectilinear light cannon projects the intense warm sunlight onto the interior wail while a cool sky blue fails softly through the stellar windows.Later, sun floods the tail slot between the east and south wails, continuous with the rays of light through the deep cavities of the south wail. The cycle culminates finally in a warm glow from an opening in another side chapel at sunset. The irregular rhythm of light and shadow appears like a musical composition, notes.


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Louis-I-Kahn (Kimbel Art Museum) The main feature of the Kimbell art museum is the lighting. The interior is superbly lighted by the barrel vault. A reflecting screen made of perforated anodized aluminum with aspecific curve was used to distribute natural light evenly across the cycloid curve of the ceiling. In areas without art, the entirereflector is perforated. In the gallery spaces, the central part of the reflector, which is directly beneath the sun, is solid, while the remainder is perforated. The concrete surfaces ofthe ceiling were given a high finish to further assist the reflection of the light. The sun enters a narrow slot at the top of each vault and is evenly reflected across the entire arc of the polished concreteceiling, ensuring a beautiful distribution of natural light.

Norman Forster

Foster's dome is a gleaming metal and glass structure with a ramp that spirals up a to a roof terrace with 360-degree views of central Berlin. The dome overlooks the debating chamber for the Bundestag and a central mirrored cone draws light into the plenary chamber. The glass dome was also designed by Foster to be environmentally friendly. Energy efficient features involving the use of the daylight shining through the mirrored cone were applied, effectively decreasing the carbon emissions of the building. Foster was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 1999 for his work on the building, which has become one ofthe top tourist destinations in Berlin.

Site Study I 58 —

CONCLUSION:The majority of participants reportedly benefited from their participation in the martial arts. Interestingly enough, the type of martial art practiced did not influence the perceived benefits of training. The study did not examine the relationship between length of time in training and perceived level of benefit due to an inadequate sample size. However, length of training time reported by respondents tentatively suggests that greater benefit~ is achieved the longer one is engaged in martial arts training. Although it was hypothesized that more men would respond to the study then women, this did not occur. The martial arts have traditionally been thought of as a male dominated activity, but as more information is published on the long term benefits of martial arts training, increased numbers of women have taken an interest in learning the arts. Another important outcome of the study was the reported improvements in functional limitations, especially in the areas of balance, strength, and stamina. The majority of individuals in the sample identified a physical impairment as their primary disabling condition. Perhaps the most salient conclusions of this study relate to the perceived changes in self-perception and quality of life.


Bibliography Martial arts academy : an examination of duration and discrepancy Author: Osborn, Connie J. (Connie Jo), 1969 , MIT boston. Fighting for peace: a martial arts (Diversion) centre Rodrigues, Fabio Armando Matos Daylighting in Schools and related case-studies. Submitted by:Supriya Goel, Kavish Munshi Light Matters, archdaily


Dissertation 2017

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