4. CASE STUDY
1. CHENNAI STATE LIBRARY 2 . CHANDIGARH STATE LIBRARY. 3. PARLIAMENT LIBRARY
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4.1 CONNEMARA PUBLIC LIBRARY-CHENNAI 4.1.1 ORIGIN In recognition of the importance of the Library service, it was decided to establish a first true public library in Tamil Nadu during the 19th century by an enlightened Administrator Lord Connemara, the then Governor of Madras during 1886- 1890 . The Foundation Stone for the Library was laid on 22nd March 1 890 and was formally opened on 0512-1896. The Library so founded was named after Lord Connemara to perpetuate his memory in Madras in recognition of his efforts. 4.1.2 BUILDING – OLD BLOCK Designed by H.Irvig, the consulting Architect to the Government of Madras, the Connemara Public Library is a Semi-circle end oblong building constructed in Indosaracenic style. It is a magnificent hall with a splendid reading room and beautiful teak wood book-shelves. To watch its ceiling is an aesthetic appearance to our eyes. The roof is truncated semi-circle. The truncated top has a wooden ceiling but the two carved sides are made by colored glass pieces artistically cemented to one another. This building is renovated by the Archaeological Survey of India, Chennai with an expenditure of Rs. 1.21 corers, to preserve the cultural heritage of India, with the financial assistance from the state and central government. Two cope up with the increasing stock, a four–storied building with 71, 700 sq.ft. was constructed in 1973. Further to accommodate the increased stock of books another three –storied building with 21, 823 sq.ft. was added in 1999.
NEW BLOCK
OLD BLOCK
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4.1.3 SITE AND SURROUNDING The library was as part of a cultural complex that grew in the grounds of what was once called 'The Pantheon'. The entire complex now boasts buildings that reflect architectural unity, even while demonstrating the various stages of Indo-Saracenic development, from Gothic-Byzantine to Rajput Mughal and Southern Hindu Deccani. The Government Museum Complex in Egmore houses the Government Museum, the National Art Gallery. Established in 1851, and the Connemara public library, the museum consisting of six buildings and 46 galleries covers an area of around 16.25 acres (66,000 m²) of land.
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The entire complex area is approximately 32 acres, out of which 50% space is under green spaces , 22% by the connecting internal roads, 21% by the built up areas and 7% of the space for parking. Out of the total site area the Library Block occupies 4% of site area and ,out of the total built up area it occupies 16% ground coverage.
SITE AREA ANALYSIS 7% 21%
GREEN SPACE 50%
22%
ROADS
TOTAL BUILT UP
BUILT UP PARKING
AMPLE OF OPEN SPACES
PARKING FOR CARS
PARKING FOR BUS
PARKING FOR TWO WHEELERS
There is ample parking space provided on the site. The parking lots have been divide into three categories namely two wheeler parking provided near the entrance , car parking along the boundary wall of the site, and bus parking next to the car parking separated by a green patch. Maximum two wheeler parking has been provided as it is the most common and cheap mode of conveyance.
Total no of car parking provided is around 250 cars and 80 for two wheeler. The site is well served with public transportation facility. A bus stop is located half Km from the site and auto rickshaw stand is just next to it. The harsh climate of the site is manipulated by tree plantation and green spaces
CIRCULATION SPACE
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2ND PHASE ANNEXE OLD BLOCK
4.1.4 GROWTH Connemara public library grew in 3 – phases to fulfill the increasing book demands and the population growth of the city. At present the stock of books in the library is 6.36 lakhs , 3.32 lakhs users and 97,196 members.
NEW BLOCK 1ST PHASE
OLD BLOCK
NEW BLOCK 1ST PHASE
3RD PHASE
Area : 54035 sq.ft
Area : 71700 sq.ft
Area : 21,823 sq.ft
Year : 1896
Year : 1973
Year : 1999
No of books : 74,141
No of books : 3,20,385
No of books : 5,97,238
Users : 81,174
Users : 1,91522
Users : 3,20765
Members : 2,268
Members : 13,174
Members : 86,459
GROWTH RATE USERS
YEARS
1896 1973
BUILT UP
1999 2009
BOOKS
0
500000
1000000
In the 10 years interval year the no of books increases 10% i.e. around 66847 in number, where as the no of user increases by 15 %. In the year 1973 with the increase of 2.46 lakh of books a built up area of 17665 had to be added to house the books.
GROWTH 5
4.1.5 CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES One of the basic functions of the Connemara Public Library is to conserve the printed heritage to the future generations. For this purpose the library has separate divisions for physical, chemical, reprographic and digital conservations. PHYSICAL CONSERVATION All the books damaged by human error or by the natural reasons are mended, repaired and bound in the Binding division. Journals are bound volume wise.
REPROGRAPHIC PRESERVATION Most of the 19th century Tamil, Telgu ,Malayalam and Kanada manuscripts have already been microfilmed . RARE BOOKS COLLECTION This library has got a good number of rare books and periodicals some of them are: The Bible , 3 Hourtus Indicus Malabaricus 12 Volumes, A Voyage to Suratt in the years 1689 , Ovington, An account of the Trade in India Lockyer(Charles) , An account of the religion and government, learing and economy of the Malabarians, Flora Indica Burmanni( Nicolai Laverrntii) etc.
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4.1.6 STAFF AND SERVICE
The total Staff strength is 112. With this Staff strength, this Library is providing service to the user community through the following sections. RECEPTION, MULTIPURPOSE HALL, CIVIL SERVICE STUDY CIRCLE, LENDING SECTION, BRAILLE AND TALKING BOOK SECTION, CHILDREN SECTION, EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS/ CD ROM SECTION, INTERNET SERVICE, REPROGRAPHIC SECTION, STD-PCO FACILITY ETC.
GROUND FLOOR
REPOGRAPHY
INTERNET
OFFICE AREA
RECEPTION
LANGUAGE SECTION
REFRENCE
ISSUE COUNTER
FURNITURE
LANGUAGE BOOK SECTION, DIGITILIZATION SECTION, BINDING SECTION.
SECOND FLOOR
THIRD FLOOR
VIDEOS/CD
PERIODICAL SECTION, REFERENCE SECTION, STAFF OFFICE, MICROFILM SECTION.
FIRST FLOOR
PERIODICAL
CIVIL STUDY
BINDING
DIGITILIZATION
BINDING
STACKING
TEXT BOOK SECTION, PRESERVATION SECTION, RARE/MANUSCRIPT/OFFICIAL DOCUMENT SECTION.
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4.1.7 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
STAFF UTILITY
LIBRARY
PUBLIC UTILITY (Gents –ladies toilet)
(staff canteen,)
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
MULTIPURPOSE HALL
LIBRARY SERVICE (P.C.O, Xerox, scanning, cyber, videos.)
(Capacity- 100 people)
RECEPTION
ENTRANCE
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4.1.8 GROUND FLOOR PLAN The spatial organization and the segregation of the departments in the new library has been done on the experience bases over coming he flaws of the old library. The sections which were used frequently or which needed privacy has been segregated to different floors. Ground floor occupies an area of 25805 sq.ft. The grid of the building is 9’-6” by 20’6”. And columns are 1’ by 1’ in size
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On the entrance of the building security checking and luggage deposit counter has been provide after security check you enter the library foyer where you have reception for any enquiry regarding the library service. For efficient circulation the bifurcated staircase has been provide in the reception lobby. The ancillary services of the library like the reprography service, internet browsing, multi purpose hall etc has been provided on the ground floor
ENTRANCE TO THE SECOND LOBBY
LOBBY WITH SEGREGATED TOILET AREAS.
For the convenience and supervision of blinds and children's the bralli and the children's section has been provided on the ground floor. Public utility services like the toilets and canteen has been provided in the second lobby which opens to civil /entrance study section which has been segregated with double door security. The lobby in the front acts as a buffer zone. For vertical circulation of man and books recently a lift has been added in the second lobby even for the disables. Out of the total floor area reading area occupies the maximum space . A seating capacity of 150 people has been provided on the ground floor. Out which 15 are carrel provide for individual study. Total 37 stacks has been provided with a storage capacity of 22200 books approximately. The shelf is 3‘in length and 1’-6” deep. As per the demand 6 split A.Cs has been installed recently in the civil section for the comfort of the readers.
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FIRST FLOOR First floor consist of periodical section and the mezzanine floor consist of the staff office and reference section. The new annexes block and the way to the old block is assessed through the periodical section. The new block first floor is used as stack room. The periodical section has a seating capacity of 136 people at a time. It is used on daily basis by maximum number of people for reading newspapers and magazines. The periodical section is well lighted by the natural light from the wall opening. A single wall of 108 ft consist of 11 windows of 5’ width. Minimum amount of artificial lighting is required as the day lighting is self sufficient in it self. .
The tables are arranged centrally between two column space for linear arrangement. The second floor is the replica of the first floor and houses language section, binding and digitalization section.
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THIRD FLOOR The last floor consist the text book section, old book preservation section and the rare book, official documents and manuscripts collection. The preservation section is housed in the top most level to keep it out of the reach of the general public and as this section is rarely visited by the common public only used for the research work on Indian literature. To maintain the room temperature these section has been provided with split A.C units. There is only 18% reading area on this floor. Some chemical treatment is also done to preserve the books. Manuscripts are preserved with natural herbs. For future air conditioning of the building space for the plant has been provided on the ground floor.
SECOND FLOOR AREA ANALYSIS
THIRD FLOOR AREA ANALYSIS
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4.1.9 AREA STATEMENT Grid : 9’-6” by 20’-6” Column size : 1’-0” Square Column 1. Entrance Foyer – 383.4 sq.ft 2. Reception – 160 sq.ft 3. Toilets – 495 sq.ft 4. Stairs – 343 sq.ft 5. Assembly Hall – 1715 sq.ft 6. Binding Section – 1469 sq.ft 7. Children's Section – 120 sq.ft 8. News Paper Section – 6652 sq.ft 9. Reference Section – 1712 sq.ft 10. Digitalization Room – 1712sq.ft 11. Lending Section – 6652 sq.ft 12. Staff – 1469 sq.ft (6 person) 13. Chief Librarian – 360 sq.ft Closed stacking area on each floor : 2496 sq.ft (15 Rows) Each Row : 18’-0” wide and 1’-6” Deep (6stacks per row) Each Stack : 3’-0” Wide and 1’-6” Deep (Ht: 6’-6”) Individual Stack Area :13’-6”sq.ft Stack Gap : 4’-0” Open stacking area on each floor : 3456 sq.ft (15 Rows & 2 Columns) Each Row : 15’-0” wide and 1’-6” Deep (5 stacks per row) Each Stack : 3’-0” Wide and 1’-6” Deep (Ht: 6’-0”) Individual Stack Area :13’-6”sq.ft Stack Gap : 4’-0” Aisle : 4’-6” Wide
FLOOR AREA ANALYSIS TOTAL BUILT UP : 93523 Sq.ft (2.1 ACRES) GROUND FLOOR : 28385 Sq.ft
TOTAL BUILT UP
FIRST AND SECOND : 24516 Sq.ft THIRD FLOOR : 16106 Sq.ft
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4.1.10 INFERENCES MERITS : Located in the old museum complex visited by many tourist and weekly visits by the school trips. Easily assessable by public convince. Located on the entrance of the site , can be easily sited. Parking space provided in front of the library building. Separate parking provided for two wheelers. Buffered from the noise of the main road by the set back of more than 100ft . Spatial organization as per the library standards requirement. Vertical transportation easily assessable in the entrance foyer. Security check and baggage deposit counter at the entrance. Stacks are arranged with proper spacing with the offset of 4 ft fro m the window for proper lighting. Minimum artificial lighting used in most of the areas. DEMERITS : Separate section for Braille and children's library is not available. No separate service lift for books transportation. No proper canteen area provided. Natural light is sufficient but creates glare problem on some areas in the room. Fire fighting measures not installed as per the standards. No proper temperature and humidity control maintained in the stack and reading areas. Only few sections has been renovated with these facilities. No appealing façade treatment and no passive features installed on the south& west facades. Over all the general requirement has been fulfilled but the latest modern technologies , proper mechanical services , aura of a particular section , inviting interior and self accessible library features are missing which will be available in the new library in kotturpuram.
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4.2 CHANDIGARH STATE LIBRARY The Central State Library is a beehive of intellectual activities. Since its very inception it has carved a niche for itself in academic, literary and social circles of city beautiful. The library has given a positive thrust to book-culture and related activities. Central State Library caters to the demand of northern sectors and villages of the Chandigarh with a network of two branches, a reading room and a mobile van. . The Chandigarh Public Library System was initiated in 1955 under First Year Plan. This was covered under the scheme of Govt. of India."Promotion of Art and Culture." After reorganization of the state of Punjab it came under the control of Chandigarh Administration. 4.2.1 BUILDING INFORMATION Location – Sector- 17 near Bridge Market Construction – November1958 Architect – P. Jeanneret Total Built Up Area-30083 Sq.ft Ground Coverage – 16 % Total Site Area –50405.5104 Sq.ft Parking – 30 to 35 two wheeler, car parking in sector parking zone. Ancillary Services Provided – Multipurpose hall, Cafeteria. LIBRARY INFORMATION Visitors Books Issued/Returned/Consulted
5,18,000 5,60,000
Total Books
2,11,641
Newspaper received daily Magazines received Total membership Total Budget
35 110 35,502 91,20,200
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4.2.2 SITE AND SURROUNDINGS
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1 9 13
7
3
11
2 6
5
7
12 8
1
10
1
1. High rise buildings 2. Central state library 3. Town hall 4. Post & telegraph building 5. Plaza 6. Over bridge 7. Cinema hall 8. Police station 9. Fire station 10. Parade ground 11. Football stadium 12. District courts 13. Bus terminus
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4.2.3 VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING SECTION The main activities here are classification and cataloguing the documents. Classification in simple terms means assigning a numerical numbers as minute as possible according to the subject which it covers. This helps in arranging all books of one subject in one place rather than making it a storehouse of books jumbled in one place.
FREE INTERNET ACCESS The library has five work stations in the Reference Section for the use of internet. Members can use the internet for half an hour daily.
The American Corner at the T.S.Central State Library provides a window on life and culture in the United States and is the first place to visit for accurate and up-to-date information about political, economic, cultural, educational and social trends in the United States. The American Corner has books, Magazines, CD-ROMs with current full text articles. videos, DVD's and internet access. CIRCULATION SECTION This section represents the hub of library activities where lending out of books to readers is facilitated. In the circulation Section various functions are undertaken viz. Registration of new members, lending of books, reminders for overdue books, reservation of books, renewal of membership cards, records and files, statistics and inter library loans etc. Three computers have been installed exclusively for the members to search books by title author, keywords and subject through OPAC (On-Line Public Access Catalogue)
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CHILDRENS SECTION
Children Section has been made more attractive to catch the eyes of the children by adding educational & recreation toys & games i.e.,soft toys,puzzles, blocks. A seperate computer has been installed for children's exclusive use.
About 40 CD's have been added. The titles includes nursery rhymes,fairy tales,fun with numbers,Oxford dictionary, spoken english, learn and enjoy, pre school favourites, etc. PERIODICAL AND NEWSPAPER SECTION More than 50 percent of the readers of this library visit only this section due to the special facility provided to non members. About 10 years back record of newspapers is available. Current issue of the magazines are being displayed on the reading table to make their maximum use by a large number of readers. About 200 periodicals and 18 newspapers are received in Hindi, English, Punjabi, English and Urdu Languages. ADMINISTRATION SECTION It keeps and maintains the records pertaining to various budgetary provisions of the library like salary, expenditure and other matters pertaining to physical stock and infrastructure of the library. BINDING SECTION Binding is a very vital affair for the library. Books need to be repaired and bound off and on.
REPOGRAPHIC SERVICE Reprographic Service was introduced in the library in 1989 with the purchase of Modi Xerox Machine, which was set up in the reference section. The readers can get the material Photostat as and when they require on nominal rates. It has minimized the mutilation and pilferage of books to a great extent.
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MOBILE LIBRARY
Due to expansion of the city and its development in phases a Mobile van services were provided for the City Beautiful to cater to the needs of the people living in the following areas, and also for housewives, senior citizens etc. The mobile van caters to areas and colonies like Railways colony, Maloya etc C.D LIBRARY . It has acquired about 150 CD’s and two pentium based machine. The library will have various access points to the World Wide Web. EDUCATION MEDIA CENTRE An audio-video Aids Educational Media has been set up in the library for which infrastructure like TV, VCR, VCP, audio cassettes, Double cassette, Deck, speaker, Overhead Projector, Video Projector with accessories, smart Video Projector with ceiling mount, Bracket torn 10ft. Diagonal with remote control cable, Automatic slide projector and cassettes on various educational subjects are played for the comprehension of the subject like science, geography etc. for school students.
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4.2.4 STAFF AND SERVICE
The total Staff strength is 6 people. With this Staff strength, this Library is providing service to the user community through the following sections. RECEPTION, MULTIPURPOSE HALL, CHILDRENS LIBRARY, AUDIO- VISUAL, COMPUTER ROOM, PERIODICAL SECTION, BINDING SECTION.
GROUND FLOOR
PERIODICAL
CHILDRENS SECTION
OPEN STACKS
SECOND FLOOR
AMERICAN CENTER
THIRD FLOOR
NEW ARRIVAL
RECEPTION
LENDING SECTION, STAFF, CHIEF LIBRARIAN OFFICE, PUNJAB STATE LITERATURE.
FIRST FLOOR
RECEPTION
ASSEMBLY HALL
RAMP
STAFF ROOM
READING AREA
AMERICAN CENTER, READING HALL.
CIRCULATION AREA
OPEN STACKS
READING
AQUIZATION SECTION, CAFETERIA, OPEN TERRACE.
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4.2. 5 LE CORBUSIERS DESIGEN By virtue of its location which was predetermined by Le Corbusier in his overall plan of the City Centre, Jeanneret followed the strict volumetric and façade controls laid out for the sector. The circular concrete columns, beams, parapets, deep verandas and undulatory glazing which are the typical architectural features of the City Centre dominate the exterior of the building. However, when a visitor enters the building he appreciates the architect whose skill and talent combined with an intuitive understanding of the aesthetic and functional aspects of a library bestow on this piece of architecture grace and serenity.
RAMP DETAIL, SLOPE 1:7
G.L
SECTION THROUGH STACKING AREA BASEMENT VENTILATION DETAIL
On the rear side, the changed stacklevels are truthfully expressed on the façade. These are treated with horizontal bands and small window openings in the recessed brick wall.
The staircases, the ramp, the counters, the reading halls, and above all, the color scheme complement each other and create an ambience suited for relaxed reading and learning.
SECTION THROUGH RAMP
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4.2.6 GROUND FLOOR The building has two entrances at different levels. From the south-west, there is a passage to the basement which presently houses the National Gallery of Portraits. The main entrance to the library is from the north-east which is at ground level. The inviting entrance hail has a built-in reception counter and from here one can take a ramp or staircase to go to the upper floors. . The ground floor house a Multi- purpose hall with a sitting capacity of 150 people, a children's section with a sitting capacity of 35 children's at a time with total 25000 books . The stack provided are 3’ in width and 1’-6” deep . One stack contains 125 books approximately. . The dimensions of the bookshelves, the reading tables and chairs are kept to suit the children. The children's section is crowded in the months of June –July .
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NORTH- EAST
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FIRST AND SECOND FLOOR The first floor accommodates the book-lending section and various administration offices. The second floor is allotted to the reference and magazine sections. The third floor houses rare books which the scholar and the layman can consult. A cafeteria with an open terrace provides light refreshments.
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THIRD FLOOR The floor area of the third floor is 5129 Sq.ft. the last floor consist of the cafeteria and Acquisition section. The reading area in the second floor is an open terrace on the last floor . For connecting the last stack area stairs are provided from the terrace.
SECOND FLOOR
THIRD FLOOR
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4.2.7 AREA STATEMENT Grid : 17’-3” by 17’-3” Column size : 17”Dia Circular Column 1. Entrance Foyer – 1204 sq.ft 2. Reception – 108 sq.ft 3. Toilets – 235 sq.ft 4. Stairs – 144 sq.ft 5. Ramp – 453 sq.ft 6. Assembly Hall – 1411 sq.ft 7. Children's Section – 1908 sq.ft 8. News Paper Section – 630 sq.ft 9. BindingSection – 309 sq.ft 10. Audio Visual Room – 560 sq.ft 11. Computer – 256 sq.ft 12. Staff – 625 sq.ft (6 person) 13. Chief Librarian – 415 sq.ft Closed stacking area on each floor : 1110 sq.ft (15 Rows) Each Row : 10’-0” wide and 1’-6” Deep (3 stacks per row) Each Stack : 3’-3” Wide and 1’-6” Deep (Ht: 6’-6”) Individual Stack Area :13’-6”sq.ft Stack Gap : 3’-0” Open stacking area on each floor : 2788 sq.ft (6 Rows & 3 Columns) Each Row : 15’-0” wide and 1’-6” Deep (5 stacks per row) Each Stack : 3’-0” Wide and 1’-6” Deep (Ht: 6’-0”) Individual Stack Area :13’-6”sq.ft Stack Gap : 3’-0” Aisle : 4’-6” Wide
FLOOR AREA ANALYSIS TOTAL BUILT UP
TOTAL BUIL UP AREA: 30083 QS.FT GROUND FLOOR : 8273 SQ.FT FIRST&SEOND: 8273 SQ.FT THIRD: 5264 SQ.FT
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4.2.8 INFERENCES MERITS : Located in Sector -17 that is the heart of the city so can be easily located. Easily assessable by public convince. Parking space provided in the sectoral parking zone at the back side of the building. Only two wheeler parking provided in the front of the library. Spatial organization as per the library standards requirement. Vertical transportation easily assessable in the entrance foyer. Security check and baggage deposit counter at the entrance. Stacks are arranged with proper spacing with the offset of 4 ft fro m the window for proper lighting. Separate section provided for children's and Braille library . Separate service lift and staircase provided at the stacking area .
DEMERITS : canteen area provided but not in working condition at present. Natural light is insufficient. Noise pollution due the surrounding site activities. Fire fighting measures not installed as per the standards. No proper temperature and humidity control maintained in the stack and reading areas. Only few sections has been renovated with these facilities. Of the library. Insufficient stacking space as per the increasing demand of the books. No separate cyber café provided for the users. Parking provided only for limited two wheeler in front No appealing façade treatment. Over all the general requirement has been fulfilled but the latest modern technologies , proper mechanical services , aura of a particular section , inviting interior and self accessible library features are missing which will be available in the new library in kotturpuram.
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4.3 PARLIAMENT LIBRARY – DELHI (A Proto-Type Study) 4.3.1 INTRODUCTION The Parliament Library of India is located at the heart of Lutyens’ urban design for New Delhi, to the northwest of Baker’s Parliament House. The Library was expected to be ‘apt for the 21st century’ ,while also complementing the majestic heritage from the British colonial period. Responding to the Parliament’s giant colonnade, the Library features a meticulously ordered cluster of circular forms, organized cross-axially, and configuring an incomplete square. Inspirations from ancient temples and palaces have been distilled into a contemporary vocabulary that is shaped and textured by the memory of places and the geometry of latticework. building contains basic library functions, parliamentary services and related facilities over four floors, two of them below ground. All public spaces on the upper floors are covered by structural lattices of different patterns, surmounted by shallow bubble domes that create a sculptural landscape on the roof. 4.3.2 SITE AND SURROUNDINGS The site is close to the majestic complex of imperial buildings that flank the expansive Raj path (Kingsway). The avenue runs for two kilometers from east to west, from Lutyens’ Viceroy’s House (now the residential palace Rashtrapati Bhawan) and Baker’s twin secretariat buildings (now ministries) to India Gate, Lutyens’ war memorial. To the north of the ministries is Baker’s Parliament House (Sansad Bhawan), a massive circular structure 170 meters in diameter, surrounded by a giant colonnade in beige granite that sits atop a one-storeyhigh podium in red sandstone . (The height of the Library could not exceed the height of this podium.) The porch behind the colonnade is a continuous veranda for circulation. The rest of the building has an introverted scheme, with the central hall surrounded by three chambers and three courtyards. The 10-acre triangular site for the Library lies northwest of the Parliament site, a triangle of equal size with a restricted road in between. Vehicle access is from Talkotora and Pandit Pant roads.
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SITE PLAN
N LIBRARY
Site conditions and trees prohibited the northwestern corner of the plan from being built, leaving the square incomplete. Otherwise the plan, with its courtyards and axes, is similar to historic precedents.
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4.3.3 PLANNING The plan of the building is inspired by pre-colonial Indian architecture such as the magnificent Taj Mahal, with its square base and symmetrical composition. The plan of the richly adorned Datia Palace (1614 A.D.) in central India is said to be reminiscent of the ancient Indian mandala. Another inspiration is the Adinatha Temple (1439 A.D.) at Ranakpur in western India. Adinatha is square in plan, with cardinal axes meeting at the center, leaving open-to-sky courtyards in the leftover spaces. In addition to being icons of Indian architecture, courtyard plans admit daylight and have social and climatic advantages. Historically, Indian buildings with interior open-air spaces helped in defense. But for Rewal, in a library that needs neither defense nor ceremony, such forms seem to symbolize an introversion characteristic of the ancient Indian guru.
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION TO THE GEOMETRY OF PARLIAMENT HOUSE.
INSPIRATIONAL SOURCE FOR THE PLANNING OF THE LIBRARY.
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4.3.4 GROUND FLOOR PLAN The site measures 10 acres with a built up area of 60000 sq.m. The entire building is planed on a grid of 5 mts. The three courtyards are symmetrically placed around the central built form complimenting distinct functions. The height of the building is restricted to the podium level of the Parliament house. The building has two basements an two upper floors There are twelve domes of various sizes, and an auditorium for 1075 persons apart from the stack area for housing 3 million books which are in the basements.
PUBLIC ENTRY
LIBRARY BLOCK BPST
MLA READING HALL
REFRENCE DOCUMENTATION
ENTRY FROM PARLIAMENT (V.I.P)
AUDITORIUM
RESEARCH INFORMATION
COMMITTEE ROOM
PRESS PUBLIC RELATION
RECEPTION
MUSEUM
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GROUND FLOOR LIBRARY
PERIODICAL
Maximum area is occupied by the stacks to house the 3 million parliament books. STACKS
PERIODICAL
The 2nd basement floor is completely stacked with official documents , old newspapers and books. Where as the first basement has a double height reading area. The periodical is on the ground floor along with net browsing area, where as first floor has maximum reading area naturally lighted with surmounted dome.
CHIEF LIBRARIAN OFFICE
M.P READING HALL
ENTRANCE
TOTAL BUILT UP PIE CHART OF LIBRARY AREAS.
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4.3.5 DESIGN CONCEPT The central function of the complex is the Parliament Library --- a house of knowledge, symbolically a place of enlightenment. The design concept with its connotations of an inward looking building reflects a specific preference for subtle spatial enclosures rather than forms of grandeur. The design is based on the context of the site and the nature of the proposed building. The aim is to seek a low key architectural expression signifying sagacity, even spiritual elegance rather than compete with the power of the parliament. The second basement floor of the main building will have closed stacks, covering 8,000 square metres of area. The open stacks having approximate area of 2,700 square metres are predominantly provided in the first basement of the main building. The building will have eight committee rooms and a banquet hall. Kitchen / canteen facilities for nearly 500 persons are also being provided apart from a number of kitchenettes / snack bars. The analogy of a relationship between a guru and the king may not be far fetched while comparing the proposed library with the existing Parliament building. Both visually and symbolically, the central hall of the existing Parliament denoting peoples’ power, consensus and democracy, is linked to the central core of the new complex, symbolizing knowledge on a central axis, through a sequence of spaces culminating in a new auditorium for 1,100 persons.
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The focal centre, place of enlightenment provide natural light even to two basements. Natural light pours into the MPs reading room. Its structural light tubular frames and juxta position of wood and glass bricks according to inner space a translucent quality. Hand crafted stone jails are used throughout the building. The calm pond in one court yard symbolizes equality. For the roof of the museum and library we have proposed a structural system of diagram of steel tube spanning 30 – 40 metres. It protrudes above the roof and it covered with shallow domes of concretes and glass brick. The aim is to provide a light and elegant structural system which could be viewed from long distance only. For the central focal point of library activities he had proposed a dynamic glass dome framed with stainless steel structural members in form of four petals. The focal domes provide the natural light for the two basements at centre of the building.
The Parliament Library has two distinct structural systems. The structural arrangement for lower floors is based on a diagram of prefabricated concrete coffers at 1.2 metres (with spans up to 10 metres) supported by circular column of concrete encased in sandstone.
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4.3.6 BUILDING SERVICES The auditorium is equipped with the state-of-the-art digital Dolby surround sound system for 35 mm film projection; a wireless simultaneous interpretation system for ground plus four language interpretation; video projection system with high power Xenon illumination system with an output of 10,000 ANSI lumens; and stage light system with scanner controlled FOH lights. The Computer Centre which is centrally air conditioned, is equipped with most modern facilities such as access control system with magnetic card, glare free lighting, closed circuit TV, automatic fire detection and fire fighting system in addition to in built public address system. SOME E&M SERVICES PROVIDED ARE: Central air-conditioning of 45,000 Sqm. of the building, with 5 x 500 TR centrifugal chilling machines including winter heating and dehumidification. Automatic, intelligence fire alarm systems, duly integrated with AHUs, PA system and Fire Check Doors, for co-ordinated functioning in case of fire. Non-wet fire-fighting system with NAFS-III gas in computer centre and micro filming store & CO for Switch Rooms. CCTV for surveillance, library operations and display of proceedings in Parliament. PA system in most parts of the building. Video projection system, Digital conferencing Interpretation system in Committee Rooms.
systems
Car-control systems for Parking area. Parking for 286 cars
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and
Simultaneous
4.3.7 BUILDING FEATURES THE LATTICE COMICAL STRUCTURE various public spaces are roofed over with a variety of domes which are lifted above and float over rings of light . . These steel structures are based on squares, hexagons and octagons that form a steel lattice These are composed of steel tubes that are ten centimeters in diameter.. The joints are cast separately at foundries in south India and then connected to the tubes with bolts. The entire structure of domes is supported by circular ring beams that is lifted above the roof level by a series of columns. The resultant vertical plane was filled with at combination of glass and glass bricks
DOME FOR THE ENTRANCE HALL
INTERNAL TREATMENT OF SURFACE WOODEN ACOUSTIC TILES ON THE CEILING OF THE BANQUET HALL AND MEETING ROOM
THE GLASS ROOF SPANS OVER THE FOCAL CENTRE PROVIDING NATURAL ILLUMINATION TO SURROUNDING GALLIES
LATTICE STRUCTURE ROOFING THE VIP ENTRANCE.
BANQUET HALL, DETAIL OF LATTICE SUPPORTED BY STEEL RING BEAM. LATTICE STRUCTURE ROOFING THE SCHOLAR’S LIBRARY.
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The focal centre is located at the cross axis of the library complex,. Externally it is also the highest point of the composition. It is a glass dome framed with stainless steel structural members in the form of four petals. The parabolic forms of the petals are tied together on top to a square member and laced together underneath with tensile rods.
VIEW SHOWING THE STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE FOCAL CENTRE DOME VIEW TOWARDS BUREAU OF PARLIAMENTARY STUDIES.
ROOF GARDEN The extensive roof garden of the library provides a picturesque view of an undulating landscape punctuated by a series of sculptural domes. In the winter the garden becomes a public space, where scholars and parliamentarians alike can meet and discuss the days proceedings; in the summer the sixty centimeters of earth provide a thermal mass which effectively insulates the floors beneath it. This strategy of using the earth as an insulating barrier is further exploited by placing two floors below the natural ground level . COURT YARDS The three courtyards that form the inner core of the building provide the surrounding spaces with a dust free environment (a major consideration for any building in the hot and dusty Indo-gangetic plain) from where a soft diffused light emanates. Each courtyard symbolizes one aspect of the Indian constitution. One is an amphitheater, symbolizing freedom of expression. Another courtyard has a pool of water symbolizing equality. A tree forms the focal point of the third courtyard, representing social justice
DETAIL OF THE PLANTATION OF ROOF GARDEN.
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VIEW OF ONE OF THE COURTYARDS.
VIEW OF THE COURTYARD WITH WATER FROM THE SURROUNDING PASSAGE.
MATERIALS
The use of Red and Beige Sandstone in the new building ensures the harmony between the new library and the existing parliament. The protruding ceiling canopy protects the glass windows from harsh sun rays.
SANDSTONE CLAD CIRCULAR COLUMNS, HAND CARVED JAALIS AND SANDSTONE PANELS.
GLASS BRICKS ARE USED TO LIGHT UP THE TWO BASEMENTS.
TECHNOLOGY AND ARTISNAL SKILLS Cutting –edge hi –tech technologies live in perfect harmony with artisan techniques of ancient origins. The work of engineering and technical skill is used along with craftsmanship of stone cutters who make jaalis. HANDCRAFTED STONE JAALIS ARE USED FOR AOUSTIC CONSIDERATION
CONSTRUCTION OF ENTRANCE HALL DOME
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4.3.8 INFERENCES Lighting and Ventilation is as per standard. Firefighting Arrangements with Fire Alarm System Service Staircase and Fire Escape Staircase Acoustics and Heating Ventilation Safety and Security of Users and Building Proper Air between Stacks Glassed Partitions Steel Racks with Wooden Panel Bay Guides
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5. SITE ANALYSIS
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5.1. WHY AT KOTTURPURAM? Kotturpuram is a locality in Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu, India. Located on the south bank of the Adyar River, it is easily identified on satellite maps, being situated on a prominent northward bend of the river.
It constitutes mostly of residences and sports clubs. It has developed into a working class residential community since the 1980s.
ADYAR RIVER
It is also the site of education and research hubs of the city, all the institutes are located on Rajiv Gandhi road more than 100 engineering's colleges and polytechnic are located in this area. Also being adjacent to the Indian Institute of Technology Madras(IIT), st.patrician college, KRMM college of arts and science, Anna University, MGR Medical University, Madras School of Economics, Cancer Institute and the renowned Guindy Children's Park.
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5.2 SITE INFORMATION The given site is a very dormant one which is located on the Kotturpuram Road. It is placed in a mixed community setup which consist of residential, Educational and Commercial establishment. The site is flanked by Government Data Centre on the north, madras economics school on the west and Anna Gems Science Park School on the south. It has frontage on one side only from the east direction ,along the Gandhi Mandapa Road. The site is sufficient for coming up such a Modern State Public Library Building Complex Project.
Madras Economics School PROPOSED STATE LIBRARY
RAILWAY STATION
The landmarks that are located near the site are Anna University, Children's Park, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial, Cancer Hospital, Indian Institute Of Technology, Birla Planetarium ,Gems Park High School, Madras Institute Of Mathematics.
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5.3 TRAFFIC SENARIO The readers to library are likely to be from the nearby residential areas ( Kotturpuram, Adyar, Nandanam, Velachery, Saidapet, T.Nagar, Taramani etc.) educational institute ( Anna University, IIT, Madras University etc) and schools. The Library is located on the western side of the Gandhi Mandapam Road. The distance to the nearest bus transport facility is 0.5 km and to the nearest suburban railway station is 1 km. so the visitors/users are most likely to visit by the public transport mode. The no of users to a library on a Leave during the evening hours. It is expected that maximum 2750 persons would travel to the facility by bus or private vehicle during the evening peak hours assuming 30% to travel by bus and 50% by two wheelers and 20% by cars. The total equivalent flow would be nearly 600 pcu/ hour.
FROM ANNA UNIVERSITY
A library with modern facilities is to attract 3000 visitors per day and 25% (750 visitors) of them are likely to visit during the evening hours. When a function/meeting is organized in the amphitheater and auditorium another 2000 person will arrive/
CROSS JUNCTION ½ Km FROM SITE
As the facility is located in the midst of the residential and educational institutions anticipated traffic of 600 pcu is expected equally from both ends of Gandhi Mandapam Road i.e 300 puc from Anna University side and another 300 from Nandanam side . Majority of the roads in the area carry traffic nearly 1.5 to 3.77 times their capacity.
WAY TO RANEET ROAD
NEAREST BUS STOP
GANDHI MANDAPAM ROAD
ENTRANCE TO SITE
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SITE ENTRANCE
SITE OFFICE
GOVERNMENT DATA CENTER ON NORTH SIDE
5.4. SITE REQUIREMENT SITE AREA
: 32, 400 Sq.mt (8 Acres/ 3.24 Hectares)
READING CAPACITY : 2000 PERSON AT A TIME STACKING CAPACITY : 12.5 LAKH BOOKS F.S.I : 1.75 SETBACKS
G.C : 30%
HT : 8 STORIES/ 42 Mt
MADRS ECONOMICS SCHOOL ON THE SOUTH WEST SIDE
: FRONT SET BACK : 7 Mt ,SIDE SET BACK : 7Mt, REAR SETBACK : 7Mt
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SITE LOCATION
: The site is located on Gandhi Mandapam street,Kotturpuram-Chennai.
MAIN ACCESS
: Cancer Institute and Research Centre 1km, Indian Institute of Technology 1.10km and Anna University 1.60km.
OTHER ACCESS
: Chennai Airport 8km, Guindy Race Course 4km, Central Railway Station 2km.
EXISTING USE
: Mixed Community setup.
CONTOURS
: No contours in the site
TEMPERATURE
: Max : 43°C --Min : 18°C
RELATIVE HUMIDITY : 88% WIND DIRECTION
: Blowing from SE
AVERAGE WIND SPEED : 3.672 Kmph PERIOD
: September 19 -25 , 2008
SOIL TYPE
: Sludge soil and sand mixed with clay.
WATER TABLE LVL
: 3mt from ground surface
PARKING FACILIY
: surface parking cars 545 & 183 two wheelers
ELECTRICITY
: from municipal electricity board
SOURCE OF WATER
: Chennai metropolitan water supply
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT :
75 kld proposed
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5.6 DEMOGRAPHY Chennai has a long history since 1639. The Chennai City Corporation was constituted in 1798. The City extending over an area of 68 sq.km in 1901 had a population of 5.40 lakhs. Since 1941, it had grown rapidly and the growth of population in Chennai City and other local bodies within CMA . The present population of the city is 43.34 Lakhs. Chennai is a city of migrants like any other MADRAS ECONOMICS SCHOOL metropolitan city in India. According to 2001 Census, migrants to Chennai City from other parts of Tamil Nadu State constitute 74.5 %, and the table below shows a downward trend in the migration to the City from 37.24% in 1961 to GOVERNMENT 21.57% in 2001. Migrants from other parts of DATA CENTRE India constitute 23.8% and the remaining 1.71 % of the migrants is from other countries. The Literacy rate of Chennai is 76.81% in the city, 76.09% in CMA and 73.51% in Urban TN.
ANNA GEMS SCHOOL
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5.7 CHENNAI CLIMATE :WARM AND HUMID CLIMATIC ZONE AS PER SP -41 CODE: This type of climate is normally found in the coastal areas. Mean maximum temperature during summer does not rise beyond 32 degree centigrade and relative humidity ranges between 70% and 90%. Because of less diurnal variation of temperatures along with high humidity, the emphasis should be on prevailing winds. Coastal regions of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal fall under this category. Desirable features of buildings in this zone are: 1. ORIENTATION: should be preferably in North-South direction for habitable rooms i.e. longer walls should face north & south so that shorter sides are exposed to direct sunlight. 2. WINDOWS AND FENESTRATION: Proper cross ventilation of building is of extreme importance therefore large openings should be positioned on windward and leeward direction. However, openings should be provided with suitable protection like sunshades, chhajjas etc. from Sun and rain. Windows area should be 15 to 20 percent of floor area. The sill height of windows should be at low level between 0.5 to 0.7 meter. Fixed windows should be avoided. Internal doorways between drawing & dining and dining to passage etc. may be left open without shutters/leaves. Ventilators should be provided as near to ceiling as possible. Provision of mechanical ventilation for circulation of fresh air as well as exhaust of used air should be made. 3. WALLS: Low thermal capacity material be used in construction and walls can be thinner as temperatures are not very high. Compound wall on the windward side should be low. Bare fencing or light screen walls are preferable. RCC jalies are more advantages as they allow passage of air through them and at the same time provide privacy by obstructing the vision. 4. ROOFS: should have large overhangs to avoid rainwater hitting the wall. Roof should be finished with materials of low thermal conductivity. Top roof surface should be made reflective by providing whitewashing or any reflective paint / tiles. Proper slope is essential for effective removal of rainwater. 5. VEGETATION: Shrubs of medium height or coconut trees grove or casuarinas, which do not act as wind barriers are recommended. 6. SPECIAL NEEDS: Good rain-water drainage is essential. Desert coolers are not suitable in these areas.
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5.8 SPECIAL RULES FOR MULTI-STOREYED BUILDINGS
(1) (a) Site Extent:- The minimum extent of site for construction of multi-storeyed buildings shall not be less than 1500 square metres. (b) Road width:- The site shall either abut on a road not less than 18 metres in width or gain access from public road not less that 18 metres width through a part of the site which can be treated as an exclusive passage of not less than 18 metres in width. Provided further that multi-storeyed building may be permitted with limitations on maximum FSI and maximum height of the building on a site abutting or gaining access from a public road of min. 12 m/15 m in width, or gain access from public road not less that 12 m/15 metres in width through a part of the site which can be treated as an exclusive passage of not less than 12 m/15 metres in width, subject to compliance of the planning parameters stated in the Table under sub rule (2) below. EXPLANATION: (i) Road width means the road space as defined in DR no. 2 (35). The qualifying road width for permitting multi-storeyed building shall be available at least for a stretch of 500m along the length of the road abutting the site and the stretch from a junction can be straight or a curve or zigzag or combination of the above. To cite examples – a) If the road over its general length is of 18 metres width, but because of some kinks in front of the site one end is 17.8 metres and the other end is 18.2 metres is acceptable. b) If the general road is of width less than 18 metres width, but only widens opposite to or nearer to the site is more than 18 metres, is not acceptable.
c) If the road is generally of 18 metres width up to a considerable length on one side, but discontinues and narrows into a road of smaller width on the other side of the site in question and the plot owner is willing to leave enough space for continuity of 18 metres road in front of his site, this will have to be checked and decided on case-bycase. d) If the general road width is less than 18 metres and the site owner merely agrees to leave enough space to have 18 metres in front of his site only, this is not acceptable.
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(ii) Road width measurements for the above purpose shall be of the road as designed and laid and the existence of unauthorized encroachments, for which no patta has been given, will not normally affect adversely provided the shortage in width in the min. stretch stated above does not exceed 10% of the min. prescribed width. However permissibility (in exceptional cases) or otherwise in such specific situations will be decided case-by-case.
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(1)
PARKING AND PARKING FACILITIES: For the use of the occupants and of persons visiting the premises for the purposes of profession, trade, business, recreation or any other activity parking spaces and parking facilities shall be provided within the site to the satisfaction of the Authority and conforming to the standards specified in Annexure XVI.
. (2) VEHICULAR ACCESS WITHIN THE SITE: Internal Vehicular Access way including passage if any within the site shall have a clear width of 7.2 m. and such vehicular access shall be available for every building block in the site. Further, it shall be a clear width of open to sky and no projection in structure over it is permissible. (3) CORRIDOR WIDTH: The corridor serving as access for units in the development in whichever floor they may be situated shall not be less than the standards prescribed in Annexure XVII. (4) BASEMENT FLOOR: -
(a) The height of basement floor shall not exceed 1.2 metres above ground level and the headroom shall be minimum 2.4 metres. (b) No part of the basement shall be constructed in the minimum required set backspaces required for the movement of snorkel. (c) In cases where second basement is proposed for parking and incidental uses, sufficient provision for lighting and ventilation and also for protection from fire to the satisfaction of Directorate of Fire and Rescue Services shall be made. (e) During the construction of the basement floor, it shall be sole responsibility of the planning permission holder to ensure that the building / structure in the adjoining sites are not weakened / damaged. (5) FIRE SAFETY, DETECTION AND EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS: (a) All building in their design and construction shall be such as to contribute to and ensure individually and collectively and the safety of life from fire, smoke, fumes and also panic arising from these or similar other causes. (b) In building of such size, arrangement or occupancy that a fire may not itself provide adequate warning to occupants, automatic fire detecting and alarming facilities shall be provided where necessary to warn occupants or the existence of fires, so that they may escape, or to facilitate the orderly conduct of fire exit Drills.
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6. DESIGN CRITERIA To meet the clients requirements and objectives, including being a cultural facility and a unique and enjoyable civic place for Chennai and surrounding districts, such as the open air theatre, exhibition space, sky courts etc.. Provide adequate space and flexibility for a variety of tasks and for the growth of the collection and number of users. Resolution of conflict between lively and reflective spaces. Intercultural and needsbased considerations, consistent with age-groups, interests etc. To design a library requires clear purposes, and the judges are examining what they see as the result of these deliberations. Ideas: culture, learning, information, leisure zoning and display of space – conceiving the user close to content -open areas adjacent to heavier stocked areas, use of cloistered area . A sense of being in the community, while doing your own thing – the personal and the community in harmony. To develop knowledge resources, leisure space for parents and toddlers, serious areas deeper in the building or upstairs Services not just through technology but through personal contact, the space allowed for this interaction to take place naturally, either in adjoining spaces or while walking around. H.Q STAFF RARE BOOK, PRESRVATION UNIT READING ZONE
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
TEXT BOOKS
REFERENCE PERIODICAL ENTRANCE AREA, MULTIPURPOSE HALL. CHILDRENS SECTION
SEGREGATION OF PUBLIC & PRIVATE AREAS
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7. AREA STATEMENT LOBBY/RECEPTION CYBER CAFÉ AUDITORIUM LIFT, STAIRCASE, ESCALATOR CURRENT NEWSPAPER SECTION CHILDRENS SECTION PERIODICAL SECTION REFERENCE SECTION STACK AREA ( TAMIL BOOKS) READING AREA STACK AREA (ENGLISH BOOKS) READING AREA DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGE INDIAN LANGUAGE BACK ISSUE OF NEWS PAPER READING AREA BACK ISSUE OF PERIODICALS READING AREA GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT STACK AREA READING AREA DONOR COLLECTION READING AREA AUDIO& VISUAL RARE BOOKS DIGITAL LIBRARY READING AREA STAFF BINDING & BOOK SORTING CONFERENCE HALL
: 6000 SQ.FT : 7500 SQ.FT : 15,000 SQ.FT :1,500 SQ.FT : 6000 SQ.FT : 3000 SQ.FT : 7500 SQ.FT : 6000 SQ.FT : 22500 SQ.FT : 6000 SQ.FT : 22500 SQ.FT : 6000 SQ.FT : 10,000 SQ.FT : 15,000 SQ.FT : 12000 SQ.FT : 2000 SQ.FT : 12500 SQ.FT : 2000 SQ.FT : 26000 SQ.FT :2500 SQ.FT : 1500 SQ.FT : 6000 SQ.FT : 7500 SQ.FT : 20000 SQ.FT : 6000 SQ.FT : 2500 SQ.FT : 2000 SQ.FT : 14000 SQ.FT : 7500 SQ.FT
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