Training - 2G BSS Network Parameter

Radio Network Parameter Sharing Session 1

© Nokia Siemens Networks

Content • The following structure can be used for BR and BSS parameter – – – –

GSM idle mode and cell (re)-selection Power control Handover control Half rate setting

• Handover strategy between different layer in existing network

GSM idle mode and cell (re)-selection 3


C1 & C2 Criterion C1 = A – max(B,0) = RLA_C – RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN – max(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH – P , 0) 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60,  dB

0 .. 126 dB on BCCH RLA_C = avg received RxLev step size: 2 dB P = MS max output power

C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET – TEMPORARY OFFSET

for PENALTY_TIME  640 s

C1 - CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET

for PENALTY_TIME = 640 s

C2 = C2

no TEMPORARY OFFSET C1

serving cell: • C2: List of 6 strongest carriers: • C2: • C2: • C2: • C2: • C2: • C2:

new candidate = former serving cell

CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET T C2 C1 CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET

new candidate = formerly nonserving cell

TEMPORARY OFFSET PENALTY_TIME

T

Cell Reselection Based on Pathloss Criterion C2 C2 cell 1

cell reselection & location update

cell reselection

cell 3

cell 2

CELL_RESELECT_ HYSTERESIS (HYS)

5 seconds

LAC = A

time

5 seconds

LAC = B

GSM idle mode and cell (re)-selection BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

RXLEVAMI rxlev access min (RXP) object: BTS [BASICS] object : BTS unit: 1 dB Range : -110...-47 range: 0..63 Default : -105 dBm 0 = less than -110dBm With this parameter you define the minimum power level 1 = -110dBm to -109dBm an MS has to receive before it is allowed to access the 2 = -109dBm to -108dBm cell. ... 62 = -49dBm to -48dBm 63 = greater than -48dBm default: 6 RXLEV access minimum, this parameter defines the minimum DL receive level the MS must receive from the serving cell in order to be allowed to access to the network via the RACH. MSTXPMAXCH MS txpwr max CCH (TXP1) object: BTS [CCCH] object BTS range: 0..31 Range : 5...39 default: 5 Default : 33 dBm MS maximum transmit power for CCCH, indicates With this parameter you define the maximum - the maximum transmit power level a MS is allowed to use when transmission power an MS may use when accessing a it accesses the cell on the Random Access Channel' (RACH) and CCH in the cell for GSM 900/800 bands. - the initial power the Ms is allowed to use on the dedicated MS txpwr max CCH1x00 (TXP2) control channel (SDCCH or TCH) after an IMMEDIATE object : BTS ASSIGNMENT. Range : 0...36 Default : 30 dBm With this parameter you define the maximum transmission power an MS may use when accessing a CCH in the cell for GSM 1800/1900 bands.


BSS Parameter

MSTXPMAXGSM object: BTS [BASICS] unit: see tables below range: 2..15 default: 5 Maximum transmission power level in GSM target cell, indicates the maximum transmission power level a MS is allowed to use in the GSM target cell.

MS txpwr max GSM (PMAX1) object : BTS Range : 5...39 Default : 33 dBm With this parameter you define the maximum power level an MS may use in the serving cell for GSM 800 and GSM 900 bands.

MSTXPMAXDCS object: BTS [BASICS] unit: see tables below range: 0..15 default: 0 Maximum transmission power for DCS 1800, this parameter defines the maximum transmission level a MS is allowed to use on a dedicated channel (TCH and SDCCH) in the serving cell.

MS txpwr max GSM1x00 (PMAX2) object : BTS Range : 0...36 Default : 30 dBm With this parameter you define the maximum power level an MS may use in the serving cell for DCS 1800/1900.

CRESPARI object: BTS [BASICS] range: 0=C2 parameters not present 1=C2 parameters present default: 1 Cell reselection parameter indicator, indicates the presence of C2 cell reselection parameters on the BCCH The criterion C2 is an optional feature that can be enabled on a cell basis. It is an enhancement of the cell selection C1 (for C1 please see parameter CELLRESH). C2, however, is useful for microcell configurations since it prevents fast moving MSs from performing unnecessary cell reselections.

cell reselection parameter index (PI) object : BTS Range : C2 reselection parameters are not broadcast (N) (0), C2 reselection parameters are broadcast (Y) (1) Default : C2 reselection parameters are not broadcast (N) (0) With this parameter you define whether C2 reselection parameters are broadcast to mobile stations. The C2 cell reselection allows you to define other criteria for cell reselection in addition to power level.


BSS Parameter

CRESOFF object: BTS [BASICS] unit: 2dB range: 0..63 default: 1 Cell reselection offset. It applies an offset to the cell reselection criterion C2. This parameter only has to be set if CRESPARI is set to '1'. TEMPOFF object: BTS [BASICS] unit: 10dB range: 0..7, 7=∞ default: 1 Temporary offset. It applies a negative offset to C2 for the duration of the penalty time.

cell reselect offset (REO) object : BTS Range : 0...126 Default : 0 dB With this parameter you define the offset of the C2 reselection criterion for a cell.

PENTIME object: BTS [BASICS] unit: 20s range: 0..31 31= TEMPOFF ignored default: 0 Penalty time, sets the duration for which the temporary offset is applied

temporary offset (TEO) object BTS Range : 0...70 Default : 0 dB With this parameter you define the negative offset of the C2 reselection criterion for the duration of the penalty time (PET) after the MS has placed the cell on the list of the strongest carriers. The parameter can be changed in 10 dB steps. Value 70 dB means infinity. penalty time (PET) object : BTS Range : 20...640 Default : 20 s With this parameter you define the duration for which the temporary offset (TEO) applies. The parameter can be changed in steps of 20 s. Value 640 s indicates that the sign of the cell reselect offset (REO) parameter will be changed and the temporary offset (TEO) parameter will be ignored.

GSM idle mode and cell (re)-selection

BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

CELLRESH cell reselect hysteresis (HYS) object: BTS [BASICS] object : BTS unit: 2dB Range : 0...14 range: 0..7 Default : 4 dB default: 2 With this parameter you define the received RF Cell reselect hysteresis, indicates the value of the power level hysteresis for required cell reselection. receiver RF power level hysteresis required for cell reselection (MS in idle mode) on the basis of the path loss criterion C1. CREALL call reestablishment allowed (RE) object: BTS [OPTIONS] object : BTS range: ALLOWED, Range : re-establishment is not allowed (N) (0), reNOTALLOWED establishment is allowed (Y) (1) default: NOTALLOWED Default : re-establishment is not allowed (N) (0) Call re-establishment allowed, indicates whether the With this parameter you define whether call MS may try to start a Call re-establishment reestablishment is allowed in the cell. procedure. With a call re-establishment procedure the MS tries to set up a new radio connection to the BSS directly after a call drop.

GSM idle mode and cell (re)-selection

BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

CELLBARR cell barred (BAR) object: BTS [OPTIONS] object : BTS range: TRUE, FALSE Range : cell not barred (0), cell barred (1) default: FALSE Default : cell not barred (0) Cell barred, If CELLBARR=TRUE this neighbour cell is set With this parameter you define whether MSs are to 'barred' allowed to access the cell. and thus cell reselection towards this cell is prevented for ASCI mobiles. This prevention mechanism was introduced especially for GSM-R networks with two completely overlapping layers CBQ cell bar qualify (QUA) object: BTS [BASICS] object : BTS range: 0= normal priority Range : Cell barring cannot be overridden (N) (0), Cell 1=low priority barring can be overridden (Y) (1) default: 0 Default : Cell barring cannot be overridden (N) (0) Cell bar qualify, is used to assign a priority to a cell which is With this parameter you define whether cell barring can to be considered by the MS during the cell selection be overridden. decision. A suitable cell with low priority is only selected if no suitable cell of normal priority can be found.

Power Control 11


Power Control Motivation

Reduced interference on DL/UL • Longer service time of battery • Realization of power class • Supported by default on UL Activation of DL power control powerCtrlEnabled (PENA)

Power control independent • for DL and UL • for each call

Y,N

Static Power Reduction

BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

PWRRED object: TRX range: 0..6 step 1 (2dB) default: 0 txPwrMaxReduction specifies the number of 2 dB steps the TX power should be reduced from the maximum transmit power, for tuning the cell coverage.

bsTxPwrMax object: POC range: 0..30 step 2 dB default: 0 This parameter is used to identify the maximum transmission power of the BTS as an attenuation from the peak power of the TRX in GSM 800 and GSM 900 bands bsTxPwrMax1x00 object: POC range: 0..30 step 2 dB default: 0 This parameter is used to identify the maximum transmission power of the BTS as an attenuation from the peak power of the TRX in GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 bands

Read value X according to band (X = bsTxPwrMax, or X = bsTxPwrMax1x00) and set PWRRED = If X <=6 txPwrMaxreduction = X else txPwrMaxreduction = 6

Power Control Parameters Power Change Step Sizes Power change triggered

Desired power level can be achieved in 1 or 2 commands?

YES

Fixed Step Size

Fixed increment step size pcIncrStepSize (INC) Fixed decrement step size pcRedStepSize (RED)

NO

Variable Step Size

2,4,6 dB Calculate Power Increment step to reach the desired PC threhsold 2,4 dB

Power Control

Lower Level

Upper Level

Power increase Power decrease Power decrease due to level 6 dB due to quality due to level or quality Upper Quality

BSS: Signal level thresholds pcUpperThresholdLevelDL/UL pcLowerThresholdLevelDL/UL

-110..-47 dBm -110..-47 dBm

Signal quality thresholds Power increase due to level

No action

Power decrease due to level

pcUpperThresholdQualDL/UL pcLowerThresholdQualDL/UL

0..7 0..7

Number of average samples

Lower Quality Power increase due to level or quality

Power increase due to quality

Power increase due to quality

Nx Px

1..32 1..32

Exceeded threshold

Action

Reason

pcUpperThresholdLevelDL pcLowerThresholdLevelDL pcUpperThresholdLevelUL pcLowerThresholdLevelUL

BTS power decrease BTS power increase MS power decrease MS power increase

Signal level Signal level Signal level Signal level

pcUpperThresholdQualDL pcLowerThresholdQualDL pcUpperThresholdQualUL pcLowerThresholdQualUL

BTS power decrease BTS power increase MS power decrease MS power increase

Signal quality Signal quality Signal quality Signal quality

Power Control • UL/DL configuration attributes merged: – BR: enableMSPowercontrol, enableBSPowerControl -> BSS: pcControlEnabled BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

EBSPWRC object: PWRC range: CLASSIC, ADAPTIVE, DISABLED default: ADAPTIVE Enable BS power control, determines whether the BTS dynamically adjusts its sending power according to the current radio conditions (on non-BCCH carriers).

pcControlEnabled object: POC range: power control is disabled (N) (0), power control is enabled (Y) (1) default: power control is enabled (Y) (1) Power CTRL Enabled - with this parameter you indicate whether the BTS power control is enabled. variable DL step size (VDLS) object:BSC Range: The variable downlink step size is not used (N) (0), The variable downlink step size is used (Y) (1) Default: The variable downlink step size is not used (N) (0) With this parameter you define whether the variable step size is used in the power control algorithm when the downlink transmission power is decreased.

if (pcControlEnabled == 0) EBSPWRC = DISABLE; else if (powerDecrQualFactor == 0) EBSPWRC = CLASSIC else EBSPWRC=ADAPTIVE

Power Control BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

EMSPWRC object: PWRC range: CLASSIC, ADAPTIVE, DISABLED default: ADAPTIVE Enable MS power control, determines whether the BTS instructs the MS to dynamically adjust its sending power according to the current radio conditions

pcControlEnabled object: POC range: power control is disabled (N) (0), power control is enabled (Y) (1) default: power control is enabled (Y) (1) Power CTRL Enabled - with this parameter you indicate whether the BTS power control is enabled. powerDecrQualFactor object:POC range: disabled (0), enabled (1) default: enabled (1) Power Decr Qual Factor - with this parameter you enable or disable the MS power decrease due to signal quality with the defined variable power change step size. This is done when the uplink signal level is lower than the optimum uplink RF signal level and the averaged signal quality equals the quality threshold. The parameter also has an effect on the size of the power decrease step.

if (pcControlEnabled == 0) EBSPWRC = DISABLE; else if (powerDecrQualFactor == 0) EBSPWRC = CLASSIC else EBSPWRC=ADAPTIVE


BSS Parameter

LOWTLEVD object: PWRC range: 0..63 default: 25 Power control lower threshold level downlink, defines the lower threshold of the received signal level on the downlink for power increase

pcLowerThresholdsLevDLRxLevel object: POC ; range: -110..-47, step 1 ; default: -85 PC lower thresholds lev DL Rx level - compares the averaged values of signal strength downlink measurements for triggering the power control process. This is the threshold level for a downlink power increase.

LOWTLEVU object: PWRC range: 0..63 default: 25 Power control lower threshold level uplink, defines the lower threshold of the received signal level on the uplink for power increase.

pcLowerThresholsLevULRxLevel object: POC ; range: -110..-47, step 1 ; default: -85 PC lower thresholds lev UL Rx level - compare the averaged values of signal strength uplink measurements for triggering the power control process. This is the threshold level for a downlink power increase

Power Control BR Parameter UPTLEVD object: PWRC range: 0..63 default: 36 Power control upper threshold level downlink, defines the upper threshold of the received signal level on the downlink for power reduction

UPTLEVU object: PWRC range: 0..63 default: 36 Power control upper threshold level uplink, defines the upper threshold of the received signal level on the uplink for power reduction

BSS Parameter pcUpperThresholdsLevDLRxLevel object: POC ; range: -110..-47, step 1 ; default: -70 PC upper thresholds lev DL Rx level - compares the averaged values of signal strength downlink measurements for triggering the power control process. This is the threshold level for a downlink power reduction. pcUpperThresholdsLevULRxLevel object: POC ; range: -110..-47, step 1 ; default: -70 PC upper thresholds lev DL Rx level - compares the averaged values of signal strength upnlink measurements for triggering the power control process. This is the threshold level for uplink power reduction.


BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

LOWTQUAD object: PWRC range: 0..20 [dB] default: 12 Power control lower threshold quality downlink, defines the lower threshold of the received signal quality on the downlink for power increase.

PC Lower Thresholds Qual DL Rx Qual object: POC range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7) default: 0.8%-1.6% (3) PC lower thresholds qual DL Rx qual compares the averaged values of signal quality downlink measurements for triggering the power control process. This is the quality threshold for a downlink power increase.

RXQUAL : C/I 6,88-7,00 : 1 6,76-6,87 : 2 6,13-6,37 : 5 5,88-6,12 : 6 5,13-5,62 : 8 4,88-5,12 : 9 4,13-4,62 : 11 3,88-4,12 : 12 2,88-3,37 : 14 2,63-2,87 : 15 1,63-2,12 : 17 1,13-1,62 : 18 0,00-0,37 : 20

6,38-6,75 : 4 5,63-5,87 : 7 4,63-4,87 : 10 3,38-3,87 : 13 2,13-2,62 : 16 0,38-1,12 : 19

LOWTQUAU object: PWRC range: 0..20 [dB] default: 12 Power control lower threshold quality uplink, defines the lower threshold of the received signal quality on the uplink for power increase.

PC Lower Thresholds Qual UL Rx Qual object: POC range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7) default: 0.8%-1.6% (3) PC lower thresholds qual UL Rx qual compares the averaged values of signal quality uplink measurements for triggering the power control process. This is the threshold level for a downlink power reduction. This is the quality threshold for a uplink power increase.

RXQUAL : C/I 6,88-7,00 : 1 6,76-6,87 : 2 6,13-6,37 : 5 5,88-6,12 : 6 5,13-5,62 : 8 4,88-5,12 : 9 4,13-4,62 : 11 3,88-4,12 : 12 2,88-3,37 : 14 2,63-2,87 : 15 1,63-2,12 : 17 1,13-1,62 : 18 0,00-0,37 : 20

6,38-6,75 : 4 5,63-5,87 : 7 4,63-4,87 : 10 3,38-3,87 : 13 2,13-2,62 : 16 0,38-1,12 : 19


BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

UPTQUAD object: PWRC range: 0..20 [dB] default: 17 Power control upper threshold quality downlink, defines the upper threshold of the received signal quality on the downlink for power reduction.

PC Upper Thresholds Qual DL Rx Qual object: POC range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7) default: < 0.2% (0) PC upper thresholds qual DL Rx qual compares the averaged values of signal quality downlink measurements for triggering the power control process. This is the quality threshold for a downlink power reduction.

RXQUAL : C/I 6,88-7,00 : 1 6,76-6,87 : 2 6,13-6,37 : 5 5,88-6,12 : 6 5,13-5,62 : 8 4,88-5,12 : 9 4,13-4,62 : 11 3,88-4,12 : 12 2,88-3,37 : 14 2,63-2,87 : 15 1,63-2,12 : 17 1,13-1,62 : 18 0,00-0,37 : 20

6,38-6,75 : 4 5,63-5,87 : 7 4,63-4,87 : 10 3,38-3,87 : 13 2,13-2,62 : 16 0,38-1,12 : 19

UPTQUAU object: PWRC range: 0..20 [dB] default: 17 Power control upper threshold quality uplink, defines the upper threshold of the received signal quality on the uplink for power reduction.

PC Upper Thresholds Qual UL Rx Qual object: POC range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7) default: < 0.2% (0) PC upper thresholds qual UL Rx qual compares the averaged values of signal quality uplink measurements for triggering the power control process. This is the quality threshold for a uplink power reduction.

RXQUAL : C/I 6,88-7,00 : 1 6,76-6,87 : 2 6,13-6,37 : 5 5,88-6,12 : 6 5,13-5,62 : 8 4,88-5,12 : 9 4,13-4,62 : 11 3,88-4,12 : 12 2,88-3,37 : 14 2,63-2,87 : 15 1,63-2,12 : 17 1,13-1,62 : 18 0,00-0,37 : 20

6,38-6,75 : 4 5,63-5,87 : 7 4,63-4,87 : 10 3,38-3,87 : 13 2,13-2,62 : 16 0,38-1,12 : 19


BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

PWREDSS object: PWRC range: DB2, DB4 [unit: 2dB] default: DB2 Power reduction step size, defines the step size used when reducing the MS transmit power. In case of ‘classic’ PWRC (EBSPWRC/EMSPWRC=CLASSIC), these step sizes are always applied for power increase. In case of ‘adaptive’ PWRC they are applied only under special conditions.

pcRedStepSize object: POC ; Range: 2...4, step 2 ; default: 2 Power red step size - defines the step size for reducing the transmission power of the mobile station.

On Abis PWREDSS = pcRedStepSize + 1 In migration: DB2 --> 2 DB4 --> 4

PWRINCSS object: PWRC range: DB2, DB4, DB6 [unit: 2dB] default: DB6 Power increase step size, defines the step size used when increasing the MS transmit power. In case of ‘classic’ PWRC (EBSPWRC/EMSPWRC=CLASSIC), these step sizes are always applied for power increase, in case of ‘adaptive’ PWRC they are applied only under special conditions.

pcIncrStepSize object: POC ; Range: 2...6, step 2 ; default: 4 Power incr step size - defines the step size for increasing the transmission power of the mobile station.

On Abis PWRINCSS = pcIncrStepSize + 1 In migration: DB2 --> 2 DB4 --> 4

PCMBSTXPRL object: PWRC range: 0..15 [2 dB] default: 15 This parameter defines the maximum allowed dynamic power reduction.

bsTxPwrMin Range and step 0...30 dB, step 2 dB default: 30 dB BS Tx Pwr Min – is used to identify the minimum transmission power of the BTS as an attenuation from the peak power of the TRX

Power Control

BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

PCONINT object: PWRC range: 0..31 [unit: 2 SACCH frames] default: 2 Power control interval, defines the minimum time period (in units of 2 SACCH multiframes) between two consecutive power control decision in case of ‘classic’ power control, i.e. the BS or MS power control decision will be suspended by the time defined by PCONINT when a new power level was set.

pcControlInterval Object: POC Range: 0..31 Default: 2 Power Control interval - defines the minimum interval between the changes in the radio frequency power level.

Handover control 24


Handover control Better cell HO (PBGT) BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

PBGTHO object: HAND range: TRUE, FALSE default: TRUE Power budget handover enabled - this attribute indicates whether handover due to power budget is enabled or disabled.

enablePowerBudgetHo object: HOC range: handover is disabled (N) (0), handover is enabled (Y)(1) default: enabled (Y) (1) Enable Power Budget Handover - with this parameter you indicate whether the BTS power budget handover control is enabled.

HOM object: ADJC range: 0..126 (0 = -63dB; 126 = +63dB) default: 69 (= 6dB) Handover margin- this parameter defines a threshold for the power budget handover. The handover margin is used for the power budget handover decision process: a power budget handover ('better cell'handover) is only triggered if the power budget of a specific neighbour cell exceeds the handover margin set for the ADJC object representing this cell.

hoMarginPbgt object: ADCE Range and step -24...63 dB, step 1 dB default: 6 dB With this parameter you define a threshold in the power budget process. The handover margin prevents repeated handover between adjacent cells.

Mapping rule

hoMargin = (hoMarginP bgt) + 63

Handover control Better cell HO (PBGT) BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

HOAVPWRB object: HAND range: 1..31 [SACCH multiframe] default: 8 Handover averaging window for power budget handover - this attribute defines the averaging window size, in SACCH periods, used for power budget evaluation. It is also used in other types of handovers for averaging of neighbour cell measurements

hoPeriodPbgt object HOC Range and step 0...63 SACCH periods, step 1 SACCH periods Default: 6 Handover Period Power Budget - with this parameter you define the interval between power budget handover threshold comparisons.

map: - 0 --> 1 - (values > 31) --> 31 - preserves values in range [1 to 31]

Handover control Hierarchical Cells Structure •

BR parameters mapped to BSS:

BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

HIERC object: HAND range: TRUE, FALSE default: FALSE Hierarchical Cell Handover indicates whether the ranking of the target cells based on the priority layer is enabled or disabled.

enableUmbrellaHo object: HOC range and step: 0 - disabled, 1 – enabled Default: 0 With this parameter you indicate whether the BTS umbrella handover is enabled.

When Umbrella HO enabled concurrently with power budget HO, BSC HO algorithm takes layer definition of adjacent cell into account. So Enable Umbrella Handover can be used.

PLNC object: ADJC range: 0..15 default: 0 priority layer of the neighbour cell (0 highest priority; 15 lowest priority)

hoPriorityLevel object: ADCE Range and step: 0...7, step 1 default: 3 With this parameter you define the priority level for an adjacent cell.

14-((hoPriorityLevel) * 2)

Handover control Hierarchical Cells Structure •

BR parameters mapped to BSS: Mapping rule

BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

PL object: HAND range: 0..16 default: 0 Priority layer - if hierarchical cell handover is enabled (HIERC=TRUE) this parameter determines the priority layer of the own cell. This priority is only evaluated for the Power Budget handover decision and the traffic handover decision. The priority layers of the neighbour cells are administered in the ADJC object (PPLNC parameter).

hcsPriorityClass object: BTS Range and step: 0...7, step 1 default: 0 With this parameter you define the HCS (hierarchical cell structures) priority for the cells. 0 is the lowest and 7 is the highest priority.

14hcsPriorityClass * 2

PPLNC object: ADJC range: 0..15 default: 0 Penalty priority layer of neighbour cell - this parameter is relevant for speed sensitive handover; it determines the temporary priority layer of the neighbour cell.

hcsPriorityClass object: ADCE Range and step: 0...7, step 1 default: 0 With this parameter you define the HCS (hierarchical cell structures) priority for the cells. 0 is the lowest and 7 is the highest priority. In the adjacent cell creation, if this parameter is not given and the SEG and the adjacent cell are in the same BSS, the value of this parameter is copied from the SEG.

14hcsPriorityClass * 2

Handover control Level HO BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

ELEVHOM object: HAND range: TRUE, FALSE default: FALSE Enable level handover margin parameter indicates if level handover margin (RXLEV_NCELL(n) > RXLEV_DL + LHOMARGIN) is enabled or disabled.

enableHoMarginLevQual object: ADCE Range and step: not used (N) (0), used (Y) (1) default: used (Y) (1) With this parameter you define whether the handover margins for signal level and quality will be taken into account in the handover decision algorithm.

Set ELEVHOM to TRUE if at least 1 of the up to 32 ADCEs has enableHoMarginLevQual set to 1

LEVHOM object: ADJC range: 0..126 (0 = -63dB; 126 = +63dB) default: 69 (= 6dB) Level handover margin parameter represents a threshold to guarantee a handover to a target cell with a higher level than the serving cell, without altering the behaviour of the other handover types

hoMarginLev* object: ADCE Range and step: -24...24 dB, step 1 dB default: 3 dB With this parameter you define a threshold for a handover caused by signal level.

LEVHOM = (hoMarginLev) + 63

*The default is not the same in BR and BSS!


BSS Parameter

HOLTHLVDL object: HAND range: 1..63 default: 10 Handover lower threshold level downlink - defines the receive signal strength threshold on downlink for intercell handover decision. 1 = -110dBm 2 = -109dBm ...

hoTLDlRxLevel object: HOC Range and step: -110...-47 dBm, step 1 dBm default: -95 dBm The parameter compares the averaged values of signal strength downlink measurements for triggering the handover process.

HOLTHLVUL object: HAND range: 1..63 default: 8 Handover lower threshold level uplink - defines the receive signal strength threshold on uplink for intercell handover decision. 1 = -110dBm 2 = -109dBm ...

hoTLUlRxLevel object: HOC Range and step: -110...-47 dBm, step 1 dBm default: -95 dBm The parameter compares the averaged values of signal strength uplink measurements for triggering the handover process.

Handover control Quality and Interference HO BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

ENAQUALEVHOM object: ADJC range: TRUE, FALSE default: FALSE Enable level handover margin for quality handover - this attribute indicates whether level handover margin for Quality Handover is enabled or disabled. In addition to normal handover margin only cells are taken into account for handover decision which DL power level exeeds the DL power level of the serving cell by a configurable margin (QUALLEVHOM)

enableHoMarginLevQual object : ADCE Range and step: not used (N) (0), used (Y) (1) Default : used (Y) (1) Enable HO Margin Lev Qual - with this parameter you define whether the handover margins for signal level and quality will be taken into account in the handover decision algorithm

Set ENAQUALEVHOM to TRUE if at leats 1 of the up to 32 ADCEs has enableHoMarginLevQual set to 1

QUALLEVHOM object: ADJC range: 0..126 (0 = -63dB; 126 = +63dB) default: 69 (= 6dB) Level handover margin for quality handover - this parameter defines the margin by which the DL power level of a target cell shall exceed the DL power level of the serving cell to be entered into the target cell list in case of a quality HO

hoMarginQual* object: ADCE Range and step: -24...24 dB, step 1 dB default: 0 dB With this parameter you define a threshold for a handover caused by signal quality.

QUALLEVHOM = (hoMarginQual) + 63

*The default is not the same in BR and BSS!

Handover control Quality and Interference HO BR Parameter HOLTHQUDL object: HAND range: 0..20 dB default: 9 Handover lower threshold quality downlink - defines the receive signal quality threshold on downlink for intercell handover decision. HOLTHQUUL object: HAND range: 0..20 dB default: 9 Handover lower threshold quality uplink - defines the receive signal quality threshold on uplink for intercell handover decision.

BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

hoTQDlRxQual object: HOC Range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7) default: 1.6% - 3.2% (4) The parameter compares the averaged values of signal quality downlink measurements for triggering the handover process.

RXQUAL : C/I 6,88-7,00 : 1 6,76-6,87 : 2 6,13-6,37 : 5 5,88-6,12 : 6 5,13-5,62 : 8 4,88-5,12 : 9 4,13-4,62 : 11 3,88-4,12 : 12 2,88-3,37 : 14 2,63-2,87 : 15 1,63-2,12 : 17 1,13-1,62 : 18 0,00-0,37 : 20

6,38-6,75 : 4 5,63-5,87 : 7 4,63-4,87 : 10 3,38-3,87 : 13 2,13-2,62 : 16 0,38-1,12 : 19

hoTQUlRxQual object: HOC Range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7) default: 1.6% - 3.2% (4) The parameter compares the averaged values of signal quality uplink measurements for triggering the handover process.

RXQUAL : C/I 6,88-7,00 : 1 6,76-6,87 : 2 6,13-6,37 : 5 5,88-6,12 : 6 5,13-5,62 : 8 4,88-5,12 : 9 4,13-4,62 : 11 3,88-4,12 : 12 2,88-3,37 : 14 2,63-2,87 : 15 1,63-2,12 : 17 1,13-1,62 : 18 0,00-0,37 : 20

6,38-6,75 : 4 5,63-5,87 : 7 4,63-4,87 : 10 3,38-3,87 : 13 2,13-2,62 : 16 0,38-1,12 : 19

Handover control Level vs Quality

Handover Control Intracell Handover BR Parameter

INTRACH object: HAND [BASICS] range: TRUE, FALSE default: TRUE Internal intra-cell Handover enabled, determines whether intra-cell handovers due to quality and due to compression/decompression (parameter EADVCMPDCMHO, see above) are allowed in this BTS

IERCHOSDCCH object: HAND [BASICS] range: TRUE, FALSE default: FALSE Inter-cell handover for SDCCH, this parameter determines whether inter-cell SDCCH-SDCCH handover is enabled or not. IRACHOSDCCH object: HAND [BASICS] range: TRUE, FALSE default: FALSE Intra-cell handover for SDCCH, this parameter determines whether intra-cell handover due to quality is enabled for SDCCHSDCCHhandovers or not.

BSS Parameter enable intracell handover interference UL (EIC) Object : HOC Range : handover control is disabled (N) (0), handover control is enabled (Y) (1) Default : handover control is disabled (N) (0) With this parameter you indicate whether an intracell handover caused by uplink interference is enabled. The parameter does not affect handovers between normal and extended areas. enable intracell handover interference DL (EIH) Object : HOC Range : handover control is disabled (N) (0), handover control is enabled (Y) (1) Default value handover control is disabled (N) (0) With this parameter you indicate whether an intracell handover caused by downlink interference is enabled. The parameter does not affect handovers between normal and extended areas.

enable SDCCH handover (ESD) object : HOC Range : handover is disabled (N) (0), handover is enabled (Y) (1) Default : handover is disabled (N) (0) With this parameter you indicate whether the BTS SDCCH handover is enabled.


BSS Parameter

HOTDLINT object: HAND range: 0..63 default: 32 Handover threshold level downlink intra - this attribute defines the receive signal strength threshold on downlink for intracell handover decision.

hoThresholdsInterferenceDlRxLevel object: HOC Range and step -110...-47 dBm, step 1 dBm Default value -85 dBm Threshold interference downlink Rx level - the parameters compare the averaged values of interference downlink measurements for triggering the handover process.

HOTULINT object: HAND range: 0..63 default: 32 Handover threshold level uplink intra - this attribute defines the receive signal strength threshold on uplink for intracell handover decision.

hoThresholdsInterferenceUlRxLevel object: HOC Range and step -110...-47 dBm, step 1 dBm Default value -85 dBm threshold interference uplink Rx level - the parameters compare the averaged values of interference uplink measurements for triggering the handover process.


BSS Parameter

HOAVLEV object: HAND format: averaging period - DTX weighting factor range: 1..31 (averaging period) 1..3 (DTX weight. factor) unit: 1 SACCH multiframe=480ms default: 4-2 Handover averaging parameters for level handover - defines two averaging parameters for the uplink and downlink signal strength measurements, used for handover decision.

hoAveragingLevDLWeighting object: HOC ; Range and step 1...3, step 1 ;default: 1 Level Downlink Weighting defines the weighting factor for calculating the averaged values from the signal strength downlink measurements for the handover control. This parameter indicates the weighting factor for measurements that have not used Discontinuous Transmission (DTX).

Mapping rule (averaging period) = min ( Level Downlink Window Size, Level Uplink Window Size)

hoAveragingLevDlWindowSize object: HOC; Range and step 1...32 SACCH periods, step 1 SACCH periods; default: 6 The parameters calculate averaged values from signal strength downlink measurements. The Level Downlink Window Size represents the averaging window size in SACCH periods. hoAveragingLevUlWeighting object: HOC; Range and step 1...3, step 1; Default value 1 With Level Uplink Weighting parameter you define the weighting factor for calculating the averaged values from the signal strength uplink measurements for the handover control. This parameter indicates the weighting factor for measurements that have not used Discontinuous Transmission (DTX). hoAveragingLevUlWindowSize object: HOC; Range and step 1...32 SACCH periods, step 1 SACCH periods; default: 6 The parameters calculate averaged values from signal strength uplink measurements. The Level Uplink Window Size represents the averaging window size in SACCH periods.

(DTX weight. factor) = min ( Level Downlink Weighting, Level Uplink Weighting)


BSS Parameter

HOAVQUAL object: HAND format: averaging period - DTX weighting factor range: 1..31 (averaging period) 1..3 (DTX weight. factor) unit: 1 SACCH multiframe=480ms default: 3-2 Handover averaging parameters for quality handover defines two averaging parameters for the uplink and downlink signal quality measurements, used for handover decision.

hoAveragingQualDlWeighting object: HOC ; Range and step 1...3, step 1 ;default: 1 Quality Downlink Weighting defines the weighting factor for calculating the averaged values from the signal quality downlink measurements for the handover control. This parameter indicates the weighting factor for measurements that have not used Discontinuous Transmission (DTX).

Mapping rule (averaging period) = min ( Quality Downlink Window Size, Quality Uplink Window Size)

hoAvaragingQualDlWindowSize object: HOC; Range and step 1...32 SACCH periods, step 1 SACCH periods; default: 6 The parameters calculate averaged values from signal quality downlink measurements. The Quality Downlink Window Size represents the averaging window size in SACCH periods. hoAveragingQualUlWeighting object: HOC; Range and step 1...3, step 1; Default value 1 With Quality Uplink Weighting parameter you define the weighting factor for calculating the averaged values from the signal quality uplink measurements for the handover control. This parameter indicates the weighting factor for measurements that have not used Discontinuous Transmission (DTX). hoAveragingQualUlWindowSize object: HOC; Range and step 1...32 SACCH periods, step 1 SACCH periods; default: 6 The parameters calculate averaged values from signal quality uplink measurements. The Quality Uplink Window Size represents the averaging window size in SACCH periods.

(DTX weight. factor) = min ( Quality Downlink Weighting, Quality Uplink Weighting)

AMR Packing / unpacking HO •

Channel Mode Adaptation is an HO algorithm that aims at select the correct channel rate (FR or HR).

•

The selection of the channel rate depends on 2 main factors: load and quality

•

compression/decompression in BR is the same as packing / unpacking in BSS

•

In BSC3i AMR compression decompression HO is called packing and unpacking respectively

•

For decompression/unpacking load is not considered (quality only)

Load

FR FR

Good Quality

packing unpacking Bad Quality

HR HR

AMR Packing / unpacking HO Example

AMR Packing / unpacking HO BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

HOTHCUL object: HAND range: 0..20 dB default: 18 Handover threshold compression uplink - this attribute is used for detecting a compression Handover "AMR Fullrate to Halfrate" and defines the quality threshold for the uplink

amrHoFrInHoThrDlRxQual object: BTS Range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7) default: < 0.2% (0) Intra HO threshold Rx qual AMR FR - with this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality downlink and uplink measurements for triggering the intra-cell handover process for an AMR FR call in order to switch it to an AMR HR call.

RXQUAL : C/I 6,88-7,00 : 1 6,76-6,87 : 2 6,13-6,37 : 5 5,88-6,12 : 6 5,13-5,62 : 8 4,88-5,12 : 9 4,13-4,62 : 11 3,88-4,12 : 12 2,88-3,37 : 14 2,63-2,87 : 15 1,63-2,12 : 17 1,13-1,62 : 18 0,00-0,37 : 20

6,38-6,75 : 4 5,63-5,87 : 7 4,63-4,87 : 10 3,38-3,87 : 13 2,13-2,62 : 16 0,38-1,12 : 19

amrHoFrInHoThrDlRxQual object: BTS Range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7) default: < 0.2% (0) Intra HO threshold Rx qual AMR FR - with this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality downlink and uplink measurements for triggering the intra-cell handover process for an AMR FR call in order to switch it to an AMR HR call.

RXQUAL : C/I 6,88-7,00 : 1 6,76-6,87 : 2 6,13-6,37 : 5 5,88-6,12 : 6 5,13-5,62 : 8 4,88-5,12 : 9 4,13-4,62 : 11 3,88-4,12 : 12 2,88-3,37 : 14 2,63-2,87 : 15 1,63-2,12 : 17 1,13-1,62 : 18 0,00-0,37 : 20

6,38-6,75 : 4 5,63-5,87 : 7 4,63-4,87 : 10 3,38-3,87 : 13 2,13-2,62 : 16 0,38-1,12 : 19

HOTHCDL

object: HAND range: 0..20 dB default: 18 Handover threshold compression downlink this attribute is used for detecting a compression Handover "AMR Fullrate to Halfrate" and defines the quality threshold for the downlink

AMR Packing / unpacking HO BR Parameter

BSS Parameter

Mapping rule

HOTHDUL object: HAND range: 0..20 dB default: 13 Handover threshold decompression uplink this attribute is used for detecting a decompression Handover "AMR Halfrate to Fullrate" and defines the quality threshold for the uplink

amrHoHrInHoThrDlRxQual object: BTS Range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7)

RXQUAL : C/I 6,88-7,00 : 1 6,76-6,87 : 2 6,13-6,37 : 5 5,88-6,12 : 6 5,13-5,62 : 8 4,88-5,12 : 9 4,13-4,62 : 11 3,88-4,12 : 12 2,88-3,37 : 14 2,63-2,87 : 15 1,63-2,12 : 17 1,13-1,62 : 18 0,00-0,37 : 20

6,38-6,75 : 4 5,63-5,87 : 7 4,63-4,87 : 10 3,38-3,87 : 13 2,13-2,62 : 16 0,38-1,12 : 19

RXQUAL : C/I 6,88-7,00 : 1 6,76-6,87 : 2 6,13-6,37 : 5 5,88-6,12 : 6 5,13-5,62 : 8 4,88-5,12 : 9 4,13-4,62 : 11 3,88-4,12 : 12 2,88-3,37 : 14 2,63-2,87 : 15 1,63-2,12 : 17 1,13-1,62 : 18 0,00-0,37 : 20

6,38-6,75 : 4 5,63-5,87 : 7 4,63-4,87 : 10 3,38-3,87 : 13 2,13-2,62 : 16 0,38-1,12 : 19

HOTHDDL object: HAND range: 0..20 dB default: 13 Handover threshold decompression downlink this attribute is used for detecting a decompression Handover "AMR Halfrate to Fullrate" and defines the quality threshold for the downlink

default: 1.6% - 3.2% (4) Intra HO threshold Rx qual AMR HR - with this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality downlink and uplink measurements for triggering the intra-cell handover process for an AMR HR call in order to switch it to an AMR FR call. amrHoHrInHoThrDlRxQual object: BTS Range: < 0.2% (0), 0.2% - 0.4% (1), 0.4% 0.8% (2), 0.8% -1.6% (3), 1.6% - 3.2% (4), 3.2% - 6.4% (5), 6.4% -12.8% (6), > 12.8% (7) default: 1.6% - 3.2% (4) Intra HO threshold Rx qual AMR HR - with this parameter you define the threshold level of the signal quality downlink and uplink measurements for triggering the intra-cell handover process for an AMR HR call in order to switch it to an AMR FR call.

AMR Packing / unpacking HO BR Parameter HOTHCMPLVDL object: HAND range: 0..63; unit: 1 dBm default: NULL Handover threshold for compression in downlink - defines the downlink level condition for triggering a compression HO. HOTHCMPLVUL object: HAND range: 0..63; unit: 1 dBm default: NULL Handover threshold for compression uplink defines the downlink level condition for triggering a compression handover.

BSS Parameter

intraHoLoRxLevLimAmrHr object: HOC ; range and step -110...-47, step 1 dBm ; default: -100 Intra HO Lower Rx Level Limit AMR HR - defines the limit for averaged uplink and downlink signal level. If averaged uplink or downlink signal level is worse than this parameter then the quality based intra cell handovers are not allowed.

Half Rate Setting 43


Half Rate HR - TCH Allocation based on Cell Load • Free FR TCHs based on ratio of available to working FR TCHs Upper limit for free FR TCHs - btsSpLoadDepTCHRate  BTS level - btsLoadDepTChRate  BSC level

• Process is disabled by setting lower limit > upper limit

• Enabling load analysis at BTS level automatically disables it at a BSC level • To disable at BTS level must be disabled at both BTS and BSC level

Lower limit for free FR TCHs - btsSpLoadDepTCHRate  BTS level - btsLoadDepTChRate  BSC level

Allocation of FR TCHs

Allocation of HR TCHs

Allocation of FR TCHs

Handover Strategy 45


Handover Strategy (Priorities) More than one handover criterion fulfilled -> process of higher priority performed Handover and power control criteria fulfilled -> handover performed 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29)

Interference (uplink or downlink) Intra-segment inter-band because of downlink level (from higher to lower frequency band) Uplink quality Downlink quality AMR unpacking (uplink level and also uplink unpacking quality triggers) Uplink level AMR unpacking (downlink level and also downlink unpacking quality triggers) Downlink level Coverage based inter-system handover to WCDMA RAN IMSI-based inter-system handover to WCDMA RAN IMSI-based handover DTM-based handover to WCDMA RAN Inter-system handover to WCDMA RAN MS-BS distance (maximum or minimum) Turn-around-corner MS Rapid field drop Slow/fast-moving MS Umbrella Power budget DTM-based handover to a GSM DTM cell BSC-initiated TRHO IUO Intra-segment HO based on load AMR packing because of good uplink and downlink quality AMR unpacking because of bad uplink or downlink quality PC because of lower quality thresholds (uplink and downlink) PC because of lower level thresholds (uplink and downlink) PC because of upper quality thresholds (uplink and downlink) PC because of upper level thresholds (uplink and downlink)

Handover Strategy Standard Target Cell Ranking Adjacent Cell Load Threshold Can be checked only for cells belonging to the same BSC as the serving one btsLoadThreshold (BLT) 0..100 % Adjacent Cell Priority hoPriorityLevel (PRI)

0..7

Overloaded Cell -> Reduction of Priority hoLoadFactor (OF) 0..7 Ranking (not for imperative and traffic reason handover) 1) Corrected priority 2) Cells with same priority -> RX level

Cell

a

b

c

Overloaded? Priority hoLoadFactor Corrected priority Rx level

N/Y 4 2 4/2 -75

N 3 1 3 -80

N 3 1 3 -83

No cell overloaded A overloaded

-> priorities 4,3,3 -> cell list a,b,c -> priorities 2,3,3 -> cell list b,c,a

Handover Strategy Decision due to Rx Level

Any kind of handover (except umbrella) AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > rxLevMinCell(n) + Max (0, msTxPwrMax(n) – P) P depends on MS power class

1a

Umbrella handover 1b

AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > hoLevelUmbrella(n)

Minimum allowed signal level for target cell rxLevMinCell (SL) hoLevelUmbrella

-110..-47 dBm (AUCL) -110..-47 dBm

any handover (except umbrella) umbrella handover

Handover Strategy Decision due to Power Budget

General case 2a

PBGT > hoMarginPBGT(n) PBGT = (msTxPwrMax - msTxPwrMax(n)) – (AV_RXLEV_DL_HO - AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)) (btsTxPwrMax - BTS_TXPWR)

Handover due to RX level, RX quality, distance and umbrella handover 2b

PBGT > hoMarginLev/Qual(n) PBGT = (AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) - AV_RXLEV_DL_HO) (btsTxPwrMax - BTS_TXPWR)

Power budget margin to prevent repeated handovers between adjacent cells hoMarginPBGT (PMRG) -24..63 dB general case RX level and RX quality margins to prevent repeated handovers between adjacent cells hoMarginQual (QMRG) -24..24 dB handover due to signal quality hoMarginLevel (LMRG) -24..24 dB handover due to signal level EnableHOMarginLevQual (MRGS) Y/N required to enable margins

HO STRATEGY within BSS BTS Family

HO Strategy BSS BTS Family (Ultrasite, FlexiBTS, FMR)

HO Strategy BSS BTS Family (Ultrasite, FlexiBTS, FMR)

HO Strategy Existing BR.90 (Non Gemini) to BSS BTS Family

LEGEND

HO REASON

PL Source

PLNC Target

HOM

Better Cell/PBGT, RADI O REASON

PL Source = PLNC Target


69 / Before


12

10

57 / Before


12

4/6

57 / Before

RADI O REASON

10

12

69 / Before


10

4/6

57 / Before

RADI O REASON

4/6

12

69 / Before

RADI O REASON

4/6

10

69 / Before

HO Strategy BSS BTS Family to Existing BR.90 (Non Gemini)

LEGEND

ACL SAME UPPER LOWER LOWER

HO REASON PBGT & RADIO REASON (LEV/QUAL) RADIO REASON (LEV/QUAL) Umbrella due to FMT, RADIO REASON (LEV/QUAL) Umbrella due to FMT (SMM), RADIO REASON (LEV/QUAL)

FMT

AUCL

0

63

0

63

1

25

40

35

HO STRATEGY within GEMINI

HO Strategy Gemini

HO Strategy Existing BR.90 to Gemini

LEGEND

HO REASON

PL Source

PLNC Target

HOM




69 / Before


12

10

57 / Before


12

4/6

57 / Before

RADI O REASON

10

12

69 / Before


10

4/6

57 / Before

RADI O REASON

4/6

12

69 / Before

RADI O REASON

4/6

10

69 / Before

HO Strategy Gemini to Existing BR.90

LEGEND

HO REASON

HCS Source

hoPriorityLevel Target


HCS Source = PRI O Target

HCS Source = PRI O Target

6 / Before


1

2

-6 / Before


1

5/4

-6 / Before

PBGT

RADI O REASON

2

1

6 / Before


2

5/4

-6 / Before

RADI O REASON

5/4

1

6 / Before

RADI O REASON

5/4

2

6 / Before

Thank You!

Training - 2G BSS Network Parameter

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