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Unit 5 Revision Checklist
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Unit 5 Revision Checklist
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Shafkat Sakeebur Rahman
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Unit 5: Check List Thermal Energy – Heat and Temperature:
Understand what is specific heat capacity
Remember the equation linking energy change and specific heat capacity:
Remember the units for specific heat capacity
Experiment on how to measure the specific heat capacity for both solid and liquid
Understand the difference between heat and temperature
Understand the concept of absolute temperature scale
Understand what is absolute zero
How to convert Kelvin to degrees Celsius and vice versa
Understand what is internal energy
Understand the difference between heating and working
Understand and draw graphs of substances being heated and know from the graph where change of state is occurring
Thermal Energy – Gas Laws and Kinetic Theory:
Understand the concept of pressure
Equation of pressure for any fluid and pressure as force acting per unit area
Understand Boyle’s Law as it links pressure with volume and remember the equation for it
Remember the graphs for Boyle’s Law
Condition for Boyle’s Law
Understand the Pressure Law and how it connects pressure with temperature and remember the equation for it
Condition for the Pressure Law
Remember the graphs for the Pressure Law
Know the difference between ideal gas and real gas
Understand how Boyle’s Law and Pressure Law is combined to make the equation of state for an ideal gas
Know that the equation of state is the same as the ideal gas equation
Understand that the internal energy of an ideal gas is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles within it
Understand the speed distribution curve for gases and how it depends on the temperature of the gas
Explain what happens to the particles when the temperature increases (three points to cover)
Know that the random distribution of the speed of gas particles means their kinetic energy are also randomly distributed
Understand the distribution depends on temperature
Equation for the kinetic energy of particles in a gas
Explain why the kinetic energy is average
Know that the average kinetic energy is proportional to the absolute temperature and how to derive it
Understand how the kinetic energy, absolute temperature and internal temperature are linked
1
Unit 5: Check List Nuclear Physics – Radioactivity:
Explain what is background radiation
Name the sources of background radiation
Explain the cause of radioactivity
Explain what are the meaning of “spontaneous” and “random” to describe the nature of radioactivity
Remember the symbol, constituents, relative charge, relative mass of alpha, beta and gamma particles
Remember the ionising power, speed, penetrating power of alpha, beta and gamma radiations
What happens to alpha and beta particles due to their different ionising properties and how this can be used
Remember the equations for alpha and beta decay
Understand what is an isotope
Understand what is meant by the activity of an isotope
Know the formula for activity and its units
Explain what is the decay constant
Learn the definition for half-life
Formula for half-life
Graph for activity vs. Time
Know the equations for decay
Know the uses for radioactive isotopes
Nuclear Physics – Nuclear physics:
Explain the concept of binding energy
Explain the concept of mass defect
Understand how mass defect and binding energy are inter-related using mass – energy equivalence equation
Explain the significance of binding energy per nucleon
Interpret the graph for binding energy per nucleon vs. mass number
Explain why ultimately all unstable nuclei turn into iron nuclei
Explain the process of fission and how it is initiated
Explain the process of fusion and how it is initiated
Explain how nuclear fission reactors work
Explain the mechanism of a fusion reactor and the need for high densities of matter and high temperature to bring it about and maintain it
2
Unit 5: Check List Oscillations – Simple Harmonic motion:
Define simple harmonic motion (SHM) in terms of acceleration and displacement
Understand there is always a restoring force pulling or pushing the object back towards the midpoint
Understand the size of the restoring force depends on the displacement and the force makes the object accelerate towards the midpoint
Understand that the restoring force makes the object change its potential and kinetic energy
Explain the energy changes during simple harmonic motion
Explain the graph of energy against displacement for an object undergoing SHM (PE + KE)
Explain the graph of energy against time for an object undergoing SHM (PE + KE)
Understand and explain the equations for simple harmonic motion in terms of angular frequency and time
Draw the graphs for displacement, velocity and acceleration against time graphs for a body undergoing SHM
Understand that the frequency and period does not depend the amplitude
Know the time period and formula for a mass – spring system as a simple harmonic oscillator
Know the time period and formula for a simple pendulum as a simple harmonic oscillator
Understand that T does not depend on the mass and amplitude of the simple pendulum
Oscillations – Free, damped and forced oscillations:
Define the terms: free, damped and free oscillations
Define the conditions for : free, damped and free oscillations
Define driving and driven system
Define resonance
Define the condition for resonance
Understand, explain and draw the graph of amplitude against driving frequency
Explain the effects of different amounts of damping: light, heavy, critical and overdamping
Explain how damping affects resonance and draw the different curves of amplitude to driving frequency graphs
3
Unit 5: Check List Astrophysics and Cosmology – Universal Gravitation:
Understand that masses in a gravitational field experience a force of attraction
Know the equation relating Newton’s Law of Gravitation
Understand what is a uniform gravitation field
Know the equation for gravitational field strength
Understand that the gravitational field strength “g” varies from place to place
Understand how the field strength varies with distance away from a point mass
Understand the similarities and differences between gravitational and electric fields
Understand that energy is transferred when a mass or charge moves between equipotentials in a field
Astrophysics and Cosmology – Astrophysics:
Know the different methods to determine astronomical distances
Define what is a parallax
Understand and explain the trigonometric parallax method to measure stellar distances
Understand the concept of standard candle and know what is a Cepheid variable
Understand the standard candle method of measuring astronomical distances
Define the AU (astronomical unit) ,the light-year and the parsec
Understand how the luminosity of a star depends on its temperature and surface area given by the Stefan – Boltzmann relationship
Understand what is a black body
Recall what is absorption spectra and how gases absorb particular wavelengths
Understand how the peak wavelength gives the temperature of the star given by Wien’s law
Know how to interpret the Hertzprung – Russell diagram
Understand that the Hertzprung – Russell diagram is a luminosity vs. temperature curve for stars
Astrophysics and Cosmology – Cosmology:
Explain the life cycle of stars
Explain what is a main sequence star and know the different stages of stellar evolution
Understand that main sequence stars become red giants when they run out of fuel
Understand that low mass stars produce white dwarfs
Understand and explain how high mass stars may have different terminal life stages
Know what is a neutron star and its properties
Explain how neutron stars and supernova are produced
Explain how the Doppler Effect is used to find the distance of galaxies and age of the universe
Understand the Hubble’s Constant
Use the Hubble’s constant to find the age of the observable universe
Understand that the expanding universe gives rise to the Big Bang theory
Know the different possible outcomes of how the universe will be depending on the critical density
4
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