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CENTER FOR PROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERI ENGINEERING NG & TECHNOLGY
EL ECTRI ECTRICA CA L SYST SYSTEM EM DESI DESIGN GN Design Planning, Design Application & Selection of Wiring Materials, Devices, Distribution & Control Equipment Gener G. Restub og ,
REE, M.Eng .EE, IIEE
What are you going to learn today? Attributes of A Good Electrical Designer Designer The Design Challenge Design Technical References General Considerations in Electrical System Design Pre-Design Documents • Basis of Design • Design Criteria • Codes and Standards Steps in Preparing Electrical Design PEC Electrical Plan Requirements Common Electrical Requirements/Load of Commercial & Industrial Facilities
What are you going to learn today? Wires and Cables Raceways •Conduits •Wireway / Wire Gutter •Cable Tray / Cable Ladders •Multiconductor Cables •Nipple, Auxiliary Gutter Outlets, Receptacles & Switches Boxes •Utility Boxes •Straight Pullbox • Angle or U-Pullbox Cabinets & Enclosures
What are you going to learn today? Overcurrent Protective Devices •Circuit Breakers •Fuses Distribution Panels •Lighting Panel •Power Panel Switchboards Transformers Motors & Generators UPS Capacitors
Authors Note and Disclaimer This resource material is a compilation of relevant information directly and/or indirectly extracted from various articles, standards, books and other relevant publications in power quality as enumerated in the references. As such, the presentor claims no credit for most of the wording, content, substance, and depth of the technical information presented herein, except for the appropriate selection, logical arrangement, comments and interpretations to make this paper practically useful/valuable and understandable to the seminar participants.
Design? What is it?
Sample Electrical Design Plan
1. High Rise Commercial Building 2. Shopping Mall 3. Industrial-Manufacturing Plant
Attributes of A Good Electrical Designer To develop a safe, reliable, and acceptable electrical design, the electrical designer must: Be safety conscious Have sound understanding and working knowledge of electrical concepts and principles Know and comply with the applicable codes, standards and statutory regulation Be familiar with the electrical equipment, instruments and materials available in the market Continually learn new techniques, methods and technology Fair to his client/employer.
The Design Challenge An electrical designer must develop a design that meets the requirements of his client/owner or the end user of the electrical system without compromising quality, safety, reliability & the environment Given the client’s limited resources (budget, time, etc) and other constraints (seen or unseen), it may be a big challenge to satisfy all of their requirements without affecting quality, safety and reliability. Hence proper planning, adequate studies and proper consultations must be done prior to the development of the design.
Planning for Electrical System Design
Planning for Electrical System Design
Technical References Electrical Codes
Handbooks
Standards
Brochures and Catalogs
Pre-design Studies
Design Manuals & Specifications
Planning for Electrical System Design
Technical References Sample Design References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
IEEE Std 241-1990 Recommended Practice for Electric Power System in Commercial Buildings IEEE Std 141-1993 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants NEMA ANSI Philippine Electrical Code 2009 National Electrical Code 2011 (NFPA 70) Designing Electrical System, James Stallcup NEC Handbook, McPartland NEC Handbook, W. Earley EC&M’s Electrical Calculations Handbook, J.M. Paschal Jr Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, 2006, Fink & Beatty IES Lighting Manual
Planning for Electrical System Design
Basic Considerations
Design Contracts • Design Scope of Work • Implementation Timeline • Deliverables Client/Owner/End-User/Building Electrical Requirements/Specifications Pre-design Studies • Engineering Studies • Technical Feasibility Studies Architectural Floor Plans and Elevations Site Development Plan Relevant design information from other disciplines Statutory/Regulatory Requirements Local Utility Requirements
Planning for Electrical System Design
Basic Considerations Applicable code and standards Type, characteristic and availability of utility power supply Economic and budget limitations Appropriate power distribution schemes and layout Availability of electrical equipment, materials and devices required to supply, control, monitor and operate the required electric power Capacity to serve the present and future demand load Flexibility of the design to adopt to changes with minimum cost and interruptions Proper coordination with other trades and authorities
Planning for Electrical System Design
Basic Considerations Conformity to applicable codes and standards for safety of persons and properties Efficiency, workability & maintenability Electrical As-builts (for existing buildings)
Planning for Electrical System Design
Pre- Detailed Design Documents Programming Documents • Project Objectives and Goals • General Scope of Work • Budgetary Estimates • Implementation Timeline • Project Risks, Issues and Concerns
Design Concept & Schematics
Basis of Design / Design Brief • Applicable Codes & Standards • Major Equipment & Material Specifications • Design Criteria / Calculations
Planning for Electrical System Design
Basis of Design The result of preliminary (pre-design) studies and investigations done on particular design project is usually presented to the client/owner in the form of inception report, ‘basis of design or engineer’s report. This report establish the goals, objectives and quality of the proposed design including the design concept, design criteria and general specifications of major equipment and materials. These information helps to establish scope of works, budgetary cost estimates, implementation timeline, risks and other issues and concerns
Planning for Electrical System Design
Codes and Standards Compliance with the provisions of codes. standards and other statutory regulations does not represent a design specification but does identify minimum requirements for the safe installation and utilization of electricity. Although the code assures minimum safety provisions, it does not: guarantee efficient, reliable and accident free installations.
The electrical designer must therefore be cautious and should always consider safety in all his electrical design.
Planning for Electrical System Design
Some Published Standards
Philippine Standard (PS) Underwriter Laboratories (UL) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) National Electrical Manufacturers’ Association (NEMA) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association (IPCEA) Electrical Testing Laboratories Illumination Engineering Society of North America (IES) International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC) Fire Code of the Philippines National Building Code of the Philippines
Planning for Electrical System Design
Basic Steps in Preparing Electrical Design
Contact: Architect or Client 2. Secure client requirements 3. Secure plans and other relevant documents 4. Coordinate with other consultants 5. Conduct site inspections 6. Prepare preliminary load calculations 7. Determine space requirements 8. Prepare preliminary power distribution single line diagram 9. Coordinate with utility company and other statutory authorities 10. Determine the number and location of lighting 1.
Planning for Electrical System Design
Basic Steps in Preparing Electrical Design
11. Determine the location of power and convenience outlet 12. Prepare lightning protection and grounding plan 13. Prepare auxiliary system layout 14. Prepare branch circuit wiring 15. Prepare load schedules 16. Prepare final single line diagram 17. Prepare fixture schedule 18. Prepare mounting and other details 19. Complete the technical specifications 20. Complete other design analysis/computations
Planning for Electrical System Design
PEC Electrical Plan Requirements
Location and Site Plan Legend & Symbols General Notes and /or Specifications Electrical Layout • Power & Receptacle Outlets • Lighting • Fire Alarm Schedule of Loads • Motor Loads Lighting & Receptacle Loads • • Other Loads One Line Diagram Grounding Plan Miscellaneous Details Design Analysis
Planning for Electrical System Design
Definition: Commercial Facilities Commercial Buildings [1] The term commercial, residential, and institutional buildings as encompasses all buildings other than industrial buildings and private dwellings. It includes: office and apartment buildings hotels schools churches marine, air, railway, and bus terminals department stores & retail shops governmental buildings hospitals, nursing homes, mental and correctional institutions theaters, sports arenas other buildings serving the public directly
Planning for Electrical System Design
System Requirements for Commercial Buildings [1] Building electric service Power distribution system Lighting: Interior and exterior Communications Fire alarm systems Transportation. Space conditioning Sanitation Plumbing Security System Business machines
Refrigeration equipment Food handling and food preparation facilities Maintenance facilities Lightning protection Automated building control systems Entertainment facilities and specialized audiovisual systems Medical facilities Recreational facilities Legally required and optional standby/emergency power and peak-shaving systems Signing, signaling, and traffic control systems, parking control
Planning for Electrical System Design
Definition: Industrial Facilities Industrial Plants [2]
The term industrial plants refers to industrial plants, buildings, and complexes where manufacturing, industrial production, research, and development are performed. It does not include commercial buildings, such as institutional, governmental, public, health-related ofÞce buildings, nor apartment and residential buildings.
Planning for Electrical System Design
System Requirements for Industrial Plants
[2]
Business machines Building electric service Refrigeration equipment; Power distribution systems for Compressed air, vacuum systems, process gas manufacturing and process equipment. storage and handling systems; Plant distribution system for house loads Clean or secure areas for isolation against Power outlet systems for movable contaminants and/or electromagnetic and radioequipment frequency interference (EMI/RFI) Process control systems Food handling, dining and cafeteria, and food Materials handling systems preparation facilities; Lighting: interior and exterior Maintenance facilities; Communications Lightning protection; Fire alarm systems Automated facility control systems; Showrooms, training areas; Transportation: Medical facilities; Space-conditioning Employee rest and recreational areas; Sanitation Environmental containment of materials In-plant generation, cogeneration, and total energy provisions. classified as hazardous to the Signing, signaling, and traffc control systems. environment, Parking control systems, including automated Plumbing parking systems. Security system
References: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
IEEE Std 241-1990 Recommended Practice for Electric Power System in Commercial Buildings IEEE Std 141-1993 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants Philippine Electrical Code 2009 National Electrical Code 2011 Eaton Cuttler-Hammer Catalogue Designing Electrical System, James Stallcup NEC Handbook, McPartland NEC Handbook, W.M Earley
