----
-~~--~~-'------~'-~- -
I ENGLEZAPENTRUINCEPATORI In eeonomia ~i soeietatea romfmeasea sehimbarile survenite in ultimii ani au adus eu ele multe probleme, dar ~i multe oportunitati. Pentru a putea profita de aeestea, este foarte importanta eunoa~terea unei limbi de eireulatie internationala. In domeniul relatiilor eeonomice internationale, al turismului ~i al eulturii, eunoa~terea limbii engleze este indispensabila. De aeeea, in cele mai multe tari europene limba engleza se preda deja la nivelul institutiilor primare de edueatie. Metoda introdusa de EUROCOR, se utilizeaza de mult timp cu sueees in tarile vest-europene ~i in Statele Unite. Dupa cateva. Ieqii ~i dumneavoastra yeti eonstata ea obtineti rezultate rapide eu eforturi relativ miei. Este de ajuns sa invatati zilnie 15 minute. Nu va pierdeti rabdarea in eursul rcpetarii sistematice a excrcitiilor ~i atunei Yeti progresa in mod garantat. Pareurgeti odata eel mult 0 jumatate de lcqie. Fieeare parte a unei leqii contine 0 cantitate suficienta de material nou pentru a exersa. Cursul pentru incepatori este alcatuit din 32 de leqii grupate in 16 caiete. Fieeare Iectie are doua parti. In prima parte a fiecarei Jectii, se introduce materia noua, pentru a carei intelegere ~i fixare va sunt prop use diferite tipuri de exercitii. Partea a doua a celei de a doua leqii nu cuprinde euno~tinte noi, aiei fiind inserate doar exereitii de verifieare. Fieeare leqie se termina eu reeapitularea noilor reguli gramatieale ~i eu tema pentru acas3. La snir~itul caietului de curs se afla voeabularul introdus in leqiile respective eontinand euvintele ~i expresiile noi, prezentate in ordine alfabetica, precum ~i transcrierea lor fonetica. \
Atunei cand rezolvati pentru prima data un exereitiu, nu folositi de la ineeput filtrul ro~u. Folosirca aeestuia are sens doar daea ati repetat exercitiul deja de trei-patru ori. Daea tcxtul seris cu litere ro~ii este aeoperit eu filtrul ro~u, raspunsul eoreet devine invizibil iar dumneavoastra va trcbui sa apclati la euno~tintele nou introduse. Prin indepartarea filtrului, puteti veri fica daea ati rezolvat eoreet exereitiul. Atat filtrul ro~u cat ~i easeta care va este trimisa impreuna eu eaietul de eurs va vor aj uta sa verifieati pronuntia cuvintelor invatate. Profesorii no~tri sunt gata sa va aeorde tot sprijinul ~i va a~teapta sa deveniti cursant EUROCOR.
INDRUMAR PENTRU REZOLVAREA TEMEI 1.
Va sfatuim sa incepe1i rezolvarea temei pentru acasa numai dupa ce a1i parcurs intregul material prezentat in caietul de studiu, dupa ce ati repetat cuvintele
~i
ati
rezolvat ~i ultimele exercitii de verificare. Daca incepeti prea devreme sa rezolvati tema pentru acasa, nu yeti putea folosi corect intregul material al unei leqii
~i
yeti
fi nevoit(a) sa recapitulati. Inainte de a inccpe rezolvarea temei, va recomandam sa studiati eu atentie
~i
sa parcurgeti inca
0
data regulile pe care Recapitularea Ie
accentueaza prin punctare.
2.
Atunei dnd invatam
0
limba straina, trcbuie sa exersam
~i
sa recapitulam cu
perseverenta. In acest scop v-au fost propusc anumite exercitii. Va sugeram sa revedeti din cand in cand materialul deja parcurs. In scurt timp va yeti convinge ca acest lucru nu este lipsit de sens. De altfel, rezolvarca tcmei implica intotdeauna ~i repetarea materiei din leqiile anterioarc. va improspateaza
~i
consolideaza
Obi~nuiti-va eu
euno~tilllelc
acest mod de lueru, care
fara sa fili nevoit(a) sa faee(i
eforturi deosebite. Urmfmd metoda de studiu pe care v-a propunem nu ave(i nevoie de un talent deosebit pentru a ob(inc rczultate bune in invatarea limbilor straine. Persoanele mai in varsta, precum
~i
ccle care sunt mai putin talentate in
invatarea limbilor straine, vor ajunge dupa cfttcva luni de studiu la un nivel la care nici nu au sperat.
3.
Rezolvand in "cioma" exerci(iiIc pcntru acasa, va va fi mai u~or sa va corecta(i ~i sa propuneti mai muIte posibi1c raspunsuri, iar, la sfaqit, sa alege(i raspunsul care vi se pare a fi eel mai bun.
4.
Cfmd sunteti siguri de rezolvare, trimiteti tema pe paginile destinate corecturii
~i
observatiilor profesorului. Pentru expedierea temei, folosi(i paginile tiparite in aeestscop!
5.
Nu uita(i sa va scrieti numele, prenumele, adresa, numanll de cursant sub care ati fost inregistrat
~i,
mai ales, codul profesorului! Acesta din urma se
scrisoarea care eonfirma participarea dumneavoastra la curs.
6.
Va rugam, scrie(i citep
Veti vedea, eforturile dumneavoastra VOl' fi displatite. Va dorim mult succes!
gase~te
in
Pentru a va u~ura invatarea, pe marginea fiecarei pagini am plasat 0 serie de simboluri grafice. Acestea vor indica diverse genuri de exercitii sau seqiunile de gramatica, fiindu-va astfel mai u~or sa Ie localizati sau sa Ie recapitulati.
Pe marginea paginilor yeti intiHni urmatoarele semne:
in dreptul acestui semn, textul cules cu litere inclinate puncteazii no{iunile gramaticale vocabular care sunt nou introduse in lectia respectivii.
Exercitiu pentru verificarea materialului lexical
~i
gramatical
# de
insu~it
Cuvinte noi
Problema aparuta in acest exercitiu este tratata
~i
in leqia 3 la pagina 21
Observatiile cele mai importante care se refera la regulile gramaticale sau la pronuntie, vor fi intotdeauna reliefate prin acest semn grafic.
Tcxtul care urmeaza dupa semnul ,,>" tiparit cu ro~u (care nu se vede in cazul folosirii filtrului ro~u) arata ca exercitiul trebuie rezolvat conform indicatiei, de exemplu, completarea unui text sau traducerea unei propozitii.
In final, 0 remarca. La radio ~i televizor auziti adesea conversatii sau ciintece in limba engleza. Uneori pronuntia acestora difera de ceea ce va propunem noi in cadrul lectiilor. Aceasta se intiimpla deoarece exista diferenle de pronunlie intre engleza vorbita in Marea Britanie, in SUA ~i cea din Australia.
" " PARTEA INTAl
LECTIA 1 ,
Cititi cu atentie transerierea fonetiea, tiparita eu ro~u, aflata in paranteze drepte. Pentru sunetele care nu exista in limba romana, folosim semne speciale: shopping street
- strada cu magazine
- eumpariituri shopping > [~opin(g)] Complexul de sunete n(g) eorespunde sunetelor similare din limba romfma, dar "g" se aude slab, ca in euvantul romanesc "lung". in cuvintele din Jimba engleza formate din mai muite silabe, una dintre silabeeste accentuata. In transcrierea fonetica, vocala scrisa cu litera ingro~ata semnaleaza silaba accentuata: > [~opin(g)). > [~op]
shop Semnul [0 J este un "a": > [~op]. street
,,0"
- magazin, praviHie
scurt. Se roste~te ,,0" cu deschiderea gurii ca i > [stri:t]
-----·TU
- strada
Consoana [r] din limba engleza difera de "r"-ul romanesc. Rostiti "r" lara sa atingeti cerulgurii cu Jimba ~i lara vibrarea limbii. Astfel, obtineti un "r" englezesc. Semnul [i:] se pronunta ca un "i" lung, ca in cuvintele "vii, mii": >[strit]. railway station
- gara, statie
- cale ferata railway > [rei] L1 ei] Semnul fonetic [U] indica litera "w" care, de obicei, nu se pronunta. In cazurile In care se pronunta, rotunjim gura ca pentru "u" ~i spunem "v": >[ rei! liei]. station
> [stei~n]
- statie
Semnul fonetic [i] indica un sunet moale, asemanator grupului de vocale "iu", "ea", "ei" din limba romana. Se pronunta ca primul sunet din cuvin!ele: "iute, ea": > [stei~n]. - turn de biserica
church tower
church > [t~a:' t:;;] - biserica Sunetul notat prin [t~] este 0 consoana asemanatoare cu "c(i)", "c(e)", "cere, zece" din limba romana. in Iimba engleza insa sunetul [t~J poate fi urmat direct de orice vocala, tara a mai fi nevoie de un "e" sau "i" intermediar. Sunetul [a:J se pronunta ca "a" lung. Semnul [I] (r ridicat) indica un ~,r" care se aude foarte slab: >[t~a:'t~]. tower
> [taua']
- turn
Diftongul [auJ se pronunFi la fel ca ~i in limba romana: "dau, sau". Sunetul raj este neaccentuat, scurt. La sfar~itul cuvantului, "r"-ul se pronunta doar daca este urmat de un ait cuvant: > [taua I ] . street door
-
u~a
care da la strada
door > [do:IJ - u~a Sunetul [0: J este un ,,0" lung ca in interjectia , din limba romana "oo!": , > [do: I ).
Folosindu-va de sistemul de transcriere fonetica descris anterior, familiarizati-va cu pronuntia corecta a urmatoarelor cuvinte: [0opin(~)]
shopping
- cumparaturi
>
shop
- magazlD
> [0 0 P]
street
- strada
> [stri:t]
railway
- cale ferata
> [rei/"ei]
train
- tren
> [trein]
station
- statie
> [steisan]
church
- biserica
> [tsJ:'t S]
tower
- tum
> [t3L1J']
house
- casa
> [halls]
door
- usa
> [do:']
Cititi cu voce tare unnatoarele expresii in limba engleza: church tower
> [tsa:'t 0 taLla']
> tum de biserica
railway station
> [rei/"ei stelsan]
> gara, statie
shopping street
>
street door
> I etll
[sopin(~)
stri:t]
lllo" '
l
> strada eu magazine > usa care da in strada
Sit cxcrsam noile cuvinte; II\i atcn\i la pronulI\ic si sensu I lor in limba romana: shopping
>
1
shop
>
l~()pJ
street
> [5t1I.t]
- strada
railway
> [rei/"ei]
- cale ferata
train
> [trein]
- tren
station
> [steisim]
- statie
church
> [1.)a.'ts]
- biserica
tower
> [taLl<:l']
- tum
house
> [h<:lLls]
- casa
door
> [do:']
- usa
~,OJ1III("11
- eumparaturi - magazin
in limba englezii, inaintea Cl/wlntului care define!jte un lucru sau 0 noriune (adicii. inaintea unui substantiv) stii un articol. Articolul nehotiirat a se ajlii inaintea euvintelor care definesc lueruri sau noriuni despre care vorbim la modul general. Corespunde artieolelor: un, 0, dar de multe ori niei nil se traduce inlil1lba romanii. Atunei eand ne referil1lla un anumit lucruJoiosil1l inaintea,substantivlIlui articolul hotiirat the.
Articolul hotiirat the se pronun{ii [Dza]. Acest sunet nu existii in limba rom{mii [DZ] se pronun/ii ea "z" cu limba intre din {i. Pronunra{i "z" de cateva ori. Acum, u~OI; cu gura intredeschisii, pronun/ari "z" cu limba intre din/i, retriigi1l1d limba i/l momentul in care s-a produs sunetul [D z]. Acesta este un sunet sonor; punand degetele pe gat, veri simri vibrariile corzilor vocale.
Articol
Tipul articolului
Pronun!ia
a
>[aJ
vocaHi scurta
nehotanlt
the
>[D'aJ
limba intre dinti
hotarat
Exersati cuvintele in limba engleza folosind articolul:
I!
~opJ
the shop
> [D'a $Op]
> [a stn tJ
the street
> [DZa Stll:t]
a train
> [a ttemJ
the train
> [D'a trem]
a station
> [a
the station
> [DZa stel$an]
a church
> [a t;;a.'t;;]
the church
> [D'a t;;a:'t;;]
a tower
>
la taua']
the tower
> [D'a taua']
a house
> [a haus]
the house
> l [Ya halls]
a door
> [a do.']
the door
> [Dla do:']
the door
> [Dla do.']
a station
>
a house
> [ahaus]
the church
> llYa
the station
> [DZastct;;an]
a train
> [a trem]
a tower
> 1,11aua'J
a shop
> [a $Op]
the train
> I [)!d llClIlJ
the house
> [Dla haus]
the shop
> ([Ya sop I
the street
> [D'a stJi:t]
a street
> [a stll
tI
the tower
> [D'a taua']
a church
> [a
'tsJ
a door
> [a do:']
a shop
> [a
a street
sH'l~an J
~
Acum intr-o alta ordine:
t~a
ld slcl~an]
t~a.'t;;]
Sa repetam inca 0 data cuvintele, dar intr-o alta ordine, impreuna cu traducerea. Pronuntati cu voce tare urmatoarele cuvinte: the house
> [DZa hausj
a station
> [a
a door the tower
stcl~aIl]
- casa statie
-
0
> [a do:']
-
0 u~a
> [D'a taua']
- tumul
the shop
> [DLa ~op]
- magazinul
a train
> [a trem]
- un tren
a church
>[at~a:'t~]
-
the street
>[[Ya~tnt]
- strada
a house
> [~I
-
the train
>[IY~1
a shop
>[a~op]
- un magazin
the station
> [D/ a ~t{,l~,m]
- statia
a tower
>[aI3ldj
- un tum
the church
>[D/a tsa
the door
> [D/a llo"']
-
u~a
a street
>[astritj
-
0
1];\1I~]
trein]
't~]
0
0
biserica
casa
- trenul
- biserica
strada
Ati repetat de mai multe ori cuvintele noi deci, probabil deja le-ati invatat. Incercati sa traduceti in limba engleza: hall~j
o casa
> a house
> [a
u~a
> the door
> IIYa do:']
un magazin
> a shop
>[a~op]
statia
> the station
> [[Ya
stci~all]
-----_._--------
- -- -
I I:
I > a church
> [a
casa
> the house
> [D/ ahalls]
o strada
> a street
>[astri:t]
turnul
> the tower
> lOLa taLla l]
> a door
> [a do:']
magazinul
> the shop
> [D/ a~op]
un tren
> a train
>[atrell1]
biserica
> the church
> [D/a t~a
un tum
> a tower
> [a taLla']
strada
> the street
> [D/a stri :t]
o statie
> a station
> [a stei~an]
trenul
> the train
> [IYa trell1]
tumul de biserial
> the church tower
> [[Ya
u~a
> the street door
> [IY;\ stITt do:']
strada cu magazine
> the shopping street
>
gara
> the railway station
> llYa I el1"ei stei~an]
o
1 ,1
i 1
t~a:lt~]
o biserica
u~a
dinspre strada
't~]
-"
t~a:'t~ taLla']
(1)/;1 SOpllll~) stiTt]
! i
I J
() :j') t' I
"
Iar acum vom i'nvata cateva verbe. eu ajutorullor putem forma deja propozitii simple:
Verbul este partea de vorbire care exprimii 0 acriune, 0 intamplare, ca de exemplu: a vizita, a deschide etc. in limba englezii, cand verbulnu este conjugat (cand inaintea lui nu apar pronumele personale eu, tu, el, noi etc.), verbul este la modul infinitiv si este precedat de particula to [tu]. in limba romanii, infinitivul este indicat de particula a, ca de exemplu: a vedea, a intra etc.
II ,r
Exersati cu voce tare pronuntia urmatoarelor verbe, cu ajutorul transcrierii fonetice:
l
to see
> [tLl si.]
- a vedea
to see
> [tu si:]
to visit
> [tu vizit]
- a vizita, a merge la
to visit
> [tLl vizit]
to open
> [tLl aLlpn]
- a deschide, a desface
to open
> [tLl aupn]
to enter
> [tu enta']
- a intra
to enter
> [tLl enta']
1
':
~
J ''II
I
;
I
I j
II I
Sa Ie repetam acum intr-o ordine diferita: to visit
> [tuvizit]
- a vizita, a merge la
to visit
> [tu vizit]
to open
> [tu aLlpn]
- a deschide, a desface
to open
>[tLlaupn]
to see
> [tLl si:]
- a vedea
to see
>[tLlsi:]
to enter
> [tLl ental]
- a intra
to enter
In urmatorul exereitiu yeti intalni verbele nou invatate impreuna eu substantivele. Cititi eu voce tare expresiile ~i retineti tradueerea acestora: to see the train
> [tll
to visit the station
> [tll \ i/lt D'a
to enter the house
> I tlll'nLl' D/a haus]
- a intra in easa
to open the door
> [tll allpn D/a do:']
- a deschide
to enter a shop
> [tll cnU a sop]
- a intra intr-un magazin
to see the street
> [til :;) IYa stn:t]
- a vedea strada
to open the door
> [tll ,illl'n D/a do:']
- a desehide
to visit a tower
> [tll IflZJ1 a lalla']
- a vizita un tum
,j
D'a trein] stei~n]
- a vedea trenul - a vizita statia
u~a
u~a
Ati reu~it sa invatati cuvintele? Cu urmatorul exercitiu puteti veri fica acest lucru. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele expresii, incerdind sa Ie pronuntati cat mai eoreet:
> to enkr a church
a intra intr-o biseriea a deschide usa
> [tll alll'n D/ a do:']
> to open the door
a vedea tumul
> [tu si: D" a tauf)']
> to see the toIVer
a merge la magazin a intra in statie a vedea
0
> [lll
l'111.!'
I)/;1
stl'{~,llli
> to
VISit
> 1(1
c'lltCI
the shop thc ,1,1tI01l
cas a
a vedea strada
in limba eng/eza. cand un verb este conjugat, este precedat de pronume persona Ie ca de exemp/u: eu, tu, noi, voi etc.
Sa invatam ciiteva pronume personale in limba engleza.
Aten,tie: in limba eng/eza you inseamna ~i tu,
~i
dumneavoastra,
~i
voi.
>[al]
> [ail
- eu
you
> [ill:]
- tu, dumneavoastra
you
>[IU.]
we
> [ul.]
- nOI
we
>[U 1:]
you
> [IU:]
- dumneavoastra, voi
you
>[II'.J
they
> I, D/ei]
- ei, ele
they
>[IYei]
- - - - . _ - - - - - ---
Pentru a forma propozitii in limba engleza, avem nevoie de cuvinte ca: often
>[ oftal1, ofl1]
- des
always
>[o:l"elz]
- intotdeauna
every day
>[cvndel]
- in fiecare zi - in fiecare dimineata
every mornmg >[seldamJ
- rar
des
>[ otbn, oln]
- often
intotdeauna
>[O:]"CI/J
- always
in fiecare zi
> [c\ 11 dCl]
- every day
in fiecare dimineata
> [e\ II
rar
> [sclc1am]
seldom Sa repetam inca
0
data:
- every morning
1110 '11111(~IJ
- seldom
Cuvintele "often, always, seldom" stau intotdeauna intre verb ~i pronumele personal, pe cand expresiile "every day, every morning" stau la inceputul sau la sfar~itul propozitiei.
Acum vom construi cateva propozitii simple. Fiti atenti la pronuntie:
J
I often enter the church_
> tal Ofll enta' D ' ;\
They seldom visit the tower.
> [07el scldam vizit 07 a taLla']
- Ei viziteaza rar tLlrnLil.
We always see the train.
> lUi: o:lUclz si: D 7 a trell1]
- Vedem Intotdeauna trenul.
You open the door every day.
> I III
- (Iu) deschizi
~
t~a:'t~]
- (Eu) intru des In biserica.
!
I
I I
iju pn
O/a do ' cvn
dL:/1
u~a
in fiecare zi.
Exersati cuvintele noi:
j !
i
, j
!
Re(ineri: in limba romGmi, (de obicei) nu fo!osim inail/tea verbu!ui pronume!e persona!, ceea ce nu schimba sensu!; de exemp!u: eu vad = vad. ill Iimb(J el/g!ezii, insa. este ob!igatoriu sa indicam printr-un pronume persona! persoanG care de~fii,warii (Jeri/I/lea: de exemp!u. I see. (eu) vad
> I scc
>[al Sl:]
(tu) deschizi
> you opcn
>[iu: aupnJ
(noi) intram
> we entcr
> [Ui: cnta']
(ei, ele) viziteaza
> they VISit
>[O'ei viZl!]
(noi) vizitam
> we VIsit
>[U I: vizit]
(ei, ele) intra
> they enter
>[DZei enta']
(eu) deschid
> I open
>[ai iiupn]
(tu) vezi
> you see
>[iu: si:]
~
Nu uitati! Cuvantul "I" se scrie intotdeauna cu litera mare.
Acum sa aplicam cele invatate. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii din limba romana in limba engleza. F olositi filtrul ro~u: (Noi) intotdeauna vedem tumul.
> [ui. o.IU c/z si: DZa taua']
(Eu) intru in magazin in fiecare zi.
> [ai enta' DZa
(Tu) vezi statia in fiecare dimineata.
> [/U: Sl: DZa mo:'nin lg )]
Viziteaza rar biserica.
> [DIl'l seldam vizit DZii
~op
> We always see the tower.
evri
> I enter the shop every day.
evri
> You see the station every mornll1g.
del] stei~n
> They seldom \ iSlt the church.
t~a:'t~]
(Ell) deschid intotdeauna
u~a.
(Voi) intra\i des in casa.
> [al
0
I"eli' aupn rYa do:']
>1"101111'111.1' IV,I h.llIsl
> J always open the door. > You oncn cnlci
> 'Iliey
(Ei) vad strada in fieearc zi.
sec
jill'
1101lse.
111,' :-;[Iccl evelY day.
Conjunctia ,,~i" se traduce in limba engleza prin "and"ll:ndJ. [E] este 0 vocala care nu are corespondent in limba romana. Se situeaza intre "e" ~i "a". Se roste~te "e" cu deschiderea gurii ca pentru "a".
Acum putem forma deja propozitii mai lungi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare: We often enter the railway station and I see the train.
>[U I: ofn enta' DZa reil"ei stei;;i\l1 End ai si: DZa trein]
- (Noi) intram des in gara ~i eu vad trenul.
You always open the door and 1 enter the house.
>[iu: o:l"e/z iiupn DZa do:' Ene! ai enta' DZii h,lUS]
- (Tu) deschizi intotdeauna u~a ~i eu intru in casa.
LECTIA 1 - PARTEA A DOVA , In continuare, yom i'nvata expresii ~i cuvinte noi: entrance
> [entrans]
- intrare
Sunetul "a" aflat in silaba neaccentuata se pronunta ca un "a" scurt:
> [entrans] - ma~ina, automobil
car
Semnul [a·.] se pronun~a ca un "a" lung la fel ca 'in cuvi'mtul romi'mesc "mare". SunetuI "r" aflat la sfar~itul cuvi'mtului se pronunta doar atunci dind acesta este uonat de un aIt cuvant care 'incepe cu
0
vocala, 'in rest nu
se pronunta: > [ka:'] bus
> [bas]
- autobuz
In cele mai multe cazuri "u" se pronunta "a" scurt: > (bas] - femeie
woman
Fi~i atenti la prima silaba accentuata: > [U uman ]
- trotuar
side-walk
Acesta este un cuvant american, Accentul cade pe prima silaba, de aceea ,,1"-uI de Ia sfar~ituI cuvantului nu se pronunta: > [sa:iduo:k] building
> (bildin lgl ]
Se accentueaza prima silaba: > (bildin
- cladire lgl
]
Sunetul "g" de la sfiir~itul cuvantului nu se pronunta, iar "n"-ul premergator este mai lung ~i mai moaIe: > (hilclin(gl] - apartamentul
the apartment
$i acesta este un cuvi'mt american. Accentul eade pe silaba a doua, Daea substantivlli pronllntat Ineepe eu
0
vocala, de exemplu [apa:rtmantl
atunci artieolul "the" care II precede se pronunta (D'i] La fel, In locul artieolllllli nehotarat "a" se atla "an" [an] pentru a fi lI~urata pronllntia~ > [an apa:'lmantl boy
>
I hoi]
- Miat
Cititi cu atentie transcrierea fonetidi a noului set de cuvinte: the entrance
> [D/i entrims]
- intrarea
the car
> [O/a b.'j
-
the bus
> [r)l,1 bas]
- autobuzul
the woman
> [IYa"ulllan]
-femeia
a side-walk
> [il"lId"o.kj
- un trotuar
a building
> [a
- 0
an apartment
> [an
- un apartament
a boy
> [:1 bOil
- un baiat
bildJJ](~lj
ma~ina,
automobilul
cladire
Sa repetam acum cuvintele noi intr-o alta ordine; ave~i grija sa va insu~i~i corect pronuntia ~i traducerea lor in limba ramana: entrance
> [en(r,lnS 1
- intrare
car
> [LI 'j
-
bus
> l bas]
- autobuz
woman
>
l "11111,1111
- femeie
side-walk
> I ,aid"" L I
- trotuar
building
> I hil,IIII''''1
- cladire
apartment
> 1;'1';'
- apartament
boy
> IhOiI
'111l.11111
ma~ina,
automobil
- baiat
Cititi cu voce tare urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
a ka"
- (Eu) vad
0 ma~ina.
I see a car.
> [al si:
You often enter the building.
> [Ill: ofn enUl' Ola bildin(glj
- (Tu) intri des in cladire.
They always visit the woman.
> [07e i o.l"cIZ viZlt
- Ei intotdeauna Ii [ae vizite femeii.
I seldom see the bus.
> [aiseldam
We see the boy every day.
> ["1.
You enter the apartment every momlllg.
> [ill. rilla' 0'1 apaItm:'lnl
j
Olil Uuman j
SI'
Sl:
O"a bas]
[Ya bOI evri deij
C\ I! 111 / 1:'11In IC1
J
- (Eu) vad rar autobuzul. - (Noi) vedcm baiatul in fieeare zi. - (Tu) intri in apartament in fieeare dimineata.
I see the side-walk.
- (Eu) vad trotuarul.
They see the entrance.
- Ei vad intrarea.
-- --- ------
----------~
Acum unneaza cateva verbe noi. Fiti atenti la pronuntia corecta: to walk
>[tuUok]
- a se plimba, a merge pe jos
to go
> [Iu gau]
- a merge
to have
> [tuhE\]
- a avea
to look
> [tu 1uk]
- a se uita, a privi
to drive
> [tu dI
- a conduce
to go to
> [tLl gall tll]
- a merge la
to look at
> [tLl lLlk El]
- a se uita, a privi la ceva
Nu uitati!
In limba engleza folosim
cuvantul "to":
1.
Daca preceda verbulla infinitiv.
2.
Pentru a desemna
mi~carea 1ntr-o
anumita directie (la, spre, catre).
Cititi cu voce tare urmatoarele propozitii: - (Eu) conduc des
1 often drive a car.
We always go to the house.
> [ul.
0 !U C/Z gall tll D/ a halls]
They have an apartment.
- (Noi) Intotdeauna mergem pana acasa. - Ei au un apartament. Prive~ti
You seldom look at the side-walk.
> [Ill. seldam JlIk Et D/a S3ICi"o.k]
-
1 have a car.
> lalhFvaka']
- Am
We look at the building every day.
>
lata
~i
ma~ina.
I "I
luk Lt D';I hildll(·!
"'llckll
> [hi
she
>
[~I
- el J
0 ma~ina.
- Ne uitam la c1adire In fiecare zi.
celelalte pronume personale:
he
rar trotuarul.
- ea
La timpul prezent. dupii pronumele personale he, she, it sau substantivele pe care Ie inlocuiesc, verbul prinJe$te termina!ia -so he drives
>[ hi: draivz]
- el conduce
she walks
>[ ~i "o:ks]
- ea se plimba
Cititi propozitiile de mai jos; incercati sa Ie pronuntati cat mai corect: The woman often drives a car. > [O/a "um~l11 ofn draivz a b:'] She looks at the building every mornmg.
>[~J:
He sees the car.
> [hI.
Iliks Et D'a bildm lg )
{'HI Illo:'nin lg )] 51 Z Ol;}
ka: r ]
- Femeia conduce des ma~ina.
- Ea prive~te cladirea in fiecare dimineata. - (EI) vede
ma~ina.
Terminatia -s se pronunta(s] dupa consoanele surde (de exemplu p, t, k, f):
looks :::{ luks]. Terrninatia -s aflata dupa consoanele sonore se pronunta [z]: drives >[ draivz].
Dacii inain tea verbului to go stau pronumele personale he, she sau it, atunci -s prime$te $i vocala de legiiturii -e. Acesta nu are nici un 1'01 in pronun!ie.
>1
he goes
hi
)',;Ill/
I
- el merge
Si vcr/1II1 to havc slIji'ui al/IIII/ilc l1IodijiCliri:
he has
- el are
she has
- ea are
Pronuntati dar propozitiile urrnatoare: The woman often goes to a shop.
>[ D/a Uuman ofn gauz
The street has a side-walk.
>[DZa stri:t hez a said"o:k]
- Strada are trotuar.
>[ ~i: gilUZ tu evri dei]
- Ea merge la biserica jn fiecare zi.
She goes to every day.
~hurch
tll
a ~op]
t~ii:'t~
- Femeia merge des la magazin.
I seldom go to a bus station.
>[ al seldam gau ttl a bas stei~n ]
- (Eu) merg rar la statia de autobuz.
He always looks at the apartment.
>[hi: o:l"eiz luks Et D/~I flpa:'tmant]
- EI se uita intotdeauna la apartament.
The church has a tower.
>[ D/ a t~il:'t~ hEz a tauil']
- Biserica are un turn.
The shop has a door.
>[I)!a
We see a boy and a woman.
>["i: 5i: a hOI hld a "11Illan]
~op
hE;: a do:']
- Magazinul are
0 u~a.
- Vedem un baiat
~i 0
femeie.
~--~--- -~----
1/1 expresia to go to church (a merge]a biserica), inaintea cuvantului church nu sefolose~te articolul.
Repetati de eateva ori urmatoarele propozitii. Yeti vedea ea in curand Ie veti invata: Peter often goes to Bucharest. He goes by train.
> [pi tCtI ofn gauz tu bl ukarest hI. gfluz bai tI ein]
When the train enters the station Peter looks at the buildings.
> ["en DIC\ trein entalz D' a stei~an pLta' luks Et DZa bildidg)zj
He has no car, so he walks.
> [hi hEz nilu ka r sau hi: "o:ks]
He visits a church tower. The tower has a door.
> I hi viZlts a
He visits the tower and looks at Bucharest.
> I hi \ izits
Then he goes to a shop.
> II h'll hi
t~a:lt~
taua'
Dla talla' hEz a do:']
taua' End luks Et biucarest]
Dlj
gall!
tu
--
a ~opJ
in textul de mai sus apar cateva cuvinte noi, Cititi-Ie de mai multe ori pentru a Ie retine: to go by
> [tu gau bal]
- a calatori, a se deplasa eu
by train
> [bal tJClIlj
- eu trenul
no
> [n<\lI]
- nu, niei un, niei
so
> [Selll]
- astfel,
when
> ["en]
- eand, atunei eand
He has no car.
> [hi: hEz nau ka:IJ
- EI nu are
by bus
0
a~adar, a~a
ma~ina,
by train
Semnificaria cuwintului no este nu sau nid un, nid 0 $i dii propozi!iei sens negativ. De aceea propozi!ia "He has no car." 0 traducem: "Nu are (nici 0) ma~ina." Daca gasiti cuvinte care va par necunoscute, atunci recititi prima parte a leqiei.
Dupii cum a!i putut observa, in cazul cuwintului buildings, pluralul se formeazii prin adiiugarea unui -s final.Aceastii regulii este valabilii pentru cele mai multe cuvinte: shop
magazm
shops
- magazme
>[ ~ops]
street
strada
streets
- strazi
>[ stri :ts]
trains
- trenuri
>[ treznz]
- tren
train tower
tum
towers
- tumuri
>[taua'z]
car
ma~ina
cars
-
>[ka.'z]
ma~ml
Pentru prolllln!ia termina!iei -s sunt valabile acelea$i reguli ca $i la verbe.
Acum sa exersam cuvintele noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare toate cuvintele din leqia 1:
~i
tumurile
fiti atenti la pronuntie. Yeti intl'ilni aproape
>the towelS
el merge
>1 iii, 1',111/ I
> he goes
un apartament
>1;111 ,11';1 '1111.11111
> an apartment
ea vede
>1',1 \1
trotuarul
>11)
a se uita, a privi la
>1111 [IlL I 11
.1
,I
> she sees
',;lId".. L 1
> to look at
o cladire a conduce
>a building ma~ina
>1111
Til ,III ,I
L.J 'I
>[nau b;ls]
nici un autobuz
dll\c a car
>110
bus
>then [ go
apOl merg >[tu luk Et Df a taLla']
a privi tumul prive~te
>10
> 1he shoppIng street
strada cu magazine
femeia
> the side-\\" Ik
des
>to look at the towel
>(1)1::1 '''uman ofn luks]
a merge
>[ tLi gau]
>to go
biserica
> [I)fa
>111<' ,'11111' Ii
euam
>[;11 hh]
ma~inile
>1
[Y,I
[S,\.' t~ J
k;I.'/j
>I
11,1\'1<
astfel intotdeauna
> [sau o:l"eIZ]
> so alwavs
u~a
> [Dl a t~a
> the
bisericii
't~
do.']
ChUll It dool
baiatul
> [DL aboil
> the boy
o statie de autobuz
> [a bas
> a bus station
a vizita easa
> [tu vizit D/ a halls]
> to visit the hou,,·
> [a trem l:nd a bas J
> a train and a bus
vedem in fieeare zi
>
> we see every
gara
> [rell"el
un tren
~i
un autobuz
stel~an]
eVrI del]
["I. SI.
> railway statIon
stel~an]
Cititi urmatoarele euvinte. Vocalele din fieeare eoloana serise eu litere sunet: [e]
[el]
we
then
see street
[ i:]
ingro~ate desemneazil accla~i
--..
[ 3.]
[ au]
train
car
so
by
enter
station
apartment
no
side-walk
entrance
they
[ai]
drive
she
16
d~l\"
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 1 , A
Reguli gramaticale
1.1.
1.2.
In limba engleza, articolele stau inaintea substantivelor: a
- articol nehotarat
the
- articol hotarilt
Articolul se schimba inaintea substantivelor care incep cu
0
vocala:
in acest caz "a" devine "an" I ;1I1J, iar articolul hotarat "the" se pronunta [DziJ.
1.3.
a bus
[a bas]
an apartment
[an apa:'tmant]
the car
[DI[IIu'1
the entrance
[011 entransJ
Daca inaintea verbului se ana pronumele ,,1, you, we, they" sau cuvinte care Ie inlocuiesc, atunci fonna verbului nu sc schimba. 1 see
[ al s i: J
you see
[Ill: Sl: J
Pronumele personal "I" -
IA.
1.5.
vad
III vezi "Cll"
we see
[Ui: si:J
- noi vedem
they see
[D/ el Sl. J
- ei vad
sc scrie intotdeauna cu litera mare.
Daca inaintea verbului se alla pWlllImele "he" sau "she" sau substantive proprii sau comune, atunci verbul primqk Icrminatia ,,-s":
I
she visits
I '> I
he opens
1111 :l1I1"1/ I
the woman looks
II)
the boy walks
I 1) ,I
\ i/II',
,I "III1LIII
IWI ",I
ea viziteaza eJ deschide IlIk"
I
femeia
"s]
I go
I ;ll gauJ
prive~te
baiatul se plimba
In cazul verbelor ,,10 go" ~i "to have" are loc ~i .de pronumeJe "he" sau "she": he goes
1.6.
- ell
0
alta schimbare, daca sunt precedate
-el merge
she has
[~j:hEzJ
- ea are
-eu merg
I have
[ai hEvJ
- euam
Cuvintele "often, always, seldom" stau inaintea verbului, in schimb "every day", "every morning" se giisesc fie la inceputul, fie la sfar~itul propozitiei; de exemplu: I often see the boy.
- Eu il vad des pe haiat.
I see the boy every day.
- Viid biiiatul in fiecare zi.
1.7.
1.8.
B.
Particula "to" atunci cand se aDa Inaintea verbului, indica infinitivul, dar folosit ca prepozitie, inseamna "Ia, in, spre". to the hotel
-Ia hotel
to see
- a vedea
Pluralul substantivelor se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei ,,-s": a building
- buildings
[bildm(g)z]
a tower
- towers
[taua'z]
a car
- cars
[ka:rz]
a shop
- shops
[~ops]
Pronuntia 1.9.
Daca un cuvant se termina Intr-un din consoanele surde, (de exemplu, "k, f, p, 1") atunci telminatia "s" se pronunta [-s]. Daca un cuvant se termina Intr-o consoana sonora, sau Intr-o vocala, atunci terminatia ,,-s" se pronunta [-z]. [-z]
[-s] looks
[ luks]
drives
[ dr~llvz]
walks
["o ks]
has
[hEz]
visits
[ viZlls]
opens
[aupll71
shops
[~ops]
towers
[taua'/l
streets
[Sill
cars
[ka'/]
Is]
lata cateva exemple de consoane sonore ~i echivalentele lor sur-de In cuvintc I ol1l,lne~ti. Intelesul difera datorita faptului ca acela~i sunet se pronunta 0 data sonm, apoi surd. Controlati In care din cazuri vibreaza corzile vocale ~i In care cazuri nll vibrcaza: b
baM
P
papa
v
vata
f
fata
d
dare
g
gara
tare c
cara
1.10. Dupa cum ati putut observa, exista 0 mare diferenta Intre limba scrisa ~i cea vorbita. Unele sunete nu se rostesc clar, exceptie Iacand doar cele din silabele acccni \llIlc. Acest lucru are 0 mare semnificatie ~i in pronuntia propozitiilor. Vocala silabci acccntuate este tiparita Ingro~at; de exemplu: [entrans] Alte semne pe care Ie Intalniti de-a lungullectiilor: r
La pronuntia sunetului "r" in limba engleza, limba nu vibreaza, 11Ir "r"-lil de la sIar~itul cuvantului se pronunta complet, doar In cazul In carc cstc lIrlllat de un cuvant care Incepe cu 0 vocala. In transcrierea fonetica am folosit nota\ia [']
DZ
Este varianta pe care am folosit-o pentru a nota varianta sononl a grupului "th" din limba engleza.
I
I
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 1 Rezolvati
A
B.
C.
~i
trimiteti pentm verificare urmatoarele exercitii:
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba ramana: I.
I often ga by bus.
2.
She has no car.
3.
So she visits the bay every day.
4.
We have an apartment.
5.
He seldam gaes to the shopping streets.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I.
Baiatul deschide rar
2.
(EI) se plimba intatdeauna pana la turn.
3.
Ai (a) ma~ina.
4.
(Eu) merg des cu trenuJ.
5.
(Nai) vedem cladirea.
u~a.
Alegeti raspunsul carect ~i incerclIi(i litera corespunzataare (exista un singur raspuns careet, de exemplu: la, 2c etc.): l.
Care este cuvantulla care 1I1111na lilerll se pronunta [-z]? a.
side-walks
b. shops c.
stations
d. streets 2.
Care este propozi(ia corcc!a'! a.
I often go and she go.
b. He has and she has.
3.
c.
We seldom goes and he goes.
d.
I look and we looks.
Care este propozitia a.
gre~iUI?
She has an car.
b. We have a car. c.
They have an apartment.
d. He has a car.
LECTIA 2 ,
" " PARTEA INTAI
Incepem lectia cu setul de cuvinte noi: hotel
> [hautel]
- hotel
room
> [ru:m]
- camera
window
> ["inclau]
- fereastra
restaurant
>
- restaurant
[rest~lrant]
[restro: nt) traffic
> [trEfik]
- circulatie
bicycle
> [baisikl]
- bicicleta
school
> [sku:1]
-
factory
> [tEktari]
- fabrica, uzina
office
> [OflS]
- birou, oficiu
~coala
Pronuntia sunetului [LJ este 0 vocaHi care nu are corespondent In Iimba romfma (vezi ~i la pagina 9); se situeaza 'intre "e" ~i "a". Se prommV' "c" cu gura deschisa larg ca pentru "a": >[ trEfik], > [tEktari].
Sa repetam cuvintele, dar intr-o alta ordine: ~coala
school
> [sku:1]
-
office
> [OtIS]
- birou, oficiu
factory
> [tEktari]
- fabrica, llzina
restaurant
> [restarant] [ restro:nt)
- restaurant
hotel
> [hautel]
- hotel
room
> [null]
- camerll
window
> [Uindau]
- fereastra
traffic
> [trEfik]
- circula\ic
bicycle
> [baisikl]
- bicicleHt
Acum va propunem unnatorul exercitiu. Cititi cu voce tare cuvintele de mai jos: factory
>
room
>[IIII11J
- camera
window
> I"illdau]
- fereastra
traffic
> 1111'I]k]
- circulatie
restaurant
> 1I(':-,1;11 al1t1
- restaurant
office
> lolls I
- birou, oficiu
school
> 1 :-,kll II
-
hotel
>111,1111('11
- hotel
bicycle
> 1h:II',ILJ 1
- bicicleta
- fabrica, uzina
[J1~ktariJ
Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozi(ii. Cititi-le cu voce tare We seldom go to the factory.
>1
"I ,,('1,1,1111 1'.111 IELl.IIII
The room has a window.
>11 )'" III III III /
III IYa
"il1d
,I
I have a bicycle.
~i
~coala
verificati-va pronuntia:
- Mergem rar in fabrica.
- Camera are
0
fereastra.
- Am 0 bicicleta.
We see the traffic.
>1"1',1
He sees a hotel.
>1111
A school and an office.
>1:1""" I I 11,1.\11
011\
You seldom go to a restaurant.
>1111
1'.1l1
111 ,I
I)
,1111,111,1
- Vedem circulatia.
\',1111('11
- El vede un hotel.
"1 ,. ,I
;,('ltI,1I11
I (",I, \ I ,II \ I
I
- 0
~coala ~i
un birou.
- Mergi rar la restaurant.
I
Cu unniitorul exercitiu puteti veri fica daca v-ali din limba romana in limba engleza:
insll~it
cuvintcle noi. Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte
fabrica, uzina
> I,ll 1"1 \'
>[ fEktariJ
camera
> II \('"1
>[rll:mJ
fereastra
> II'II\(I,,\\'
>[ L1indauJ
circulatie
>tl,IIII'
>[ trEtlkJ
restaurant
> 1,';,1.1111.1\11
>[ restarillltJ
birou, oficiu
> oil \( \'
>[ ofisJ
~coala
> S\ \'0,,1
>[sku:lJ
hotel
> holl'!
>[ hautelJ
bicicleta
> IJIl:yck
>[baislklJ
71
"acesta este" sau "acela este" in limba engleza se reda prin: "it is" III Cititi urmatoarele propozitii
~i
1/
J.
unnariti traducerea lor:
It is an office.
>
It is a hotel.
> [It
It is a station.
> [it
an O[IS]
- Acesta este un birou.
1Z
a hautel]
- Acesta este un hotc1.
1Z
a stel~,lIl]
- Aceasta este
[It IZ
0
static.
Unneaza alte cuvinte noi: III
>[111]
- in, la, inauntrul
near
>[nia']
- aproape, in preajma, aproape de, Ifmga ~
also
>[ olsau]
-
not
>[not]
-nu
~i,
de asemenea
"este, se afla, exista" se traduce in limba engleza prin: there is [Olea' 1/ I. Incepem propozitia cu aceasta constructie cand vrem sa exprimam ca ceva este, exista. Propozitia este completa daca raspunde la intrebarea "unde?". Inaintea substantivului sta articolul "a", iar inaintea adverbului de loc sta articolul "the".
Cititi unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza. Fiti atenti la sensullor: There is a bicycle in the house.
> [D7ea' lZ a bUlsikl in DZa haus]
- Este
There is an entrance in the building.
>[DZea' IZ an entrans in DZa bildm(g)]
- Este 0 intrare in cladire.
There is a factory near the station.
> I [Year
- In apropierea s(a!ici sc afla o fabrica.
lZ
a fEktan
1)/.1 stCl~;lIl]
TIl a'
0
bicicleta in cas:!.
in mod curent, expresia it is se prescurteaza it's [Its J, tot astfel ~i expresia there is: tltt'J'e'sll ) (·.I ' z] . lata diteva exemple: - Acesta este un reS(i\l\l ant.
It's a restaurant. It's an office.
>[lt5;1Il OIISJ
- Acesta este un birOlI.
There's a school near the station.
>[DZea'z a sku lilia' DZa stel~al1]
- Este 0 statiei
~coala
There's a window in the room.
>[DZearz a "indau DZa ru.m]
- Este
fereastra In camera.
In
0
in vecin~l(atea
in urmatoarele propozitii Yeti regasi cuYintele ~i expresiile noi. Cititi propozitiile, fiind atenti la pronuntie: There's a hotel near the station.
> [IYea' a hautel nia' Of a stei~an]
- Este un hotel In apropierea statiei.
You also see the car.
> I ill: olsbll si: aka:']
-
It's not a school.
> Ills not a sku:l]
- Aceasta nu este
There's a boy in the house.
> IIVe;\'/. a boi in 1)/;1 h;llls]
- Este un Miat In casa.
~i ~i
~i
tu yezi
ma~ina. 0 ~coala.
In urmatoarele propozitii yeti Intiilni cateva dintre cuYintele noi. Cititi propozitiile In limba rorpiina Incercati sa Ie traduceti In limba engleza:
Este
0
bicicleta In cladire.
> [D/ea' a baisikl in D/ a bildin(g)]
> Thcl,"" ;1 "ICicle in I hc' I>I111
",c
> [ai ofn si: DZa boiz]
Ii yad des pe baieti.
> I orlL"11
tlic hoys.
Mergem intotdeauna In apropierea ~colii.
> WL' ,i1I\ .I\S!-'O lIear the s,' hoo I
> ["i: olueiz gau niii' DZa sku:l]
~i ea 0 Yiziteaza In fiecare zi pe femeie.
> Shc
>
Cladirea nu este un oficiu.
> Th,' Illllidlll.I' ;111 or! \C('
,liso IISI1':
c)'c'\ \'
thl' woman
d,l\"
[~i:
alsau vizits DZa uuman everi dei]
> [07a bildin lgl iz not an oris]
I', IJ
Acum veti invQ!a toateformele conjugate ale \lcrbului aft - to be I1II hI: I:
..-<
lam
- eu sunt
you are
- tu
he is
>
I am
> [ai Em]
> [Ill. ;\.'J
you are
> [ill: a: r ]
- el este
> [hi: \z]
he is
>[hi:iz]
she is
- ea este
>
she is
>[~i:iz]
it is
- acesta, asta este (genul neutru)
>[itiz]
it is
>[itiz]
weare
- noi suntem
> ["i: a:']
we are
> [Ui: a:']
you are
- yoi sunteti, durnneayoastra sunteti
> [ill: 3:']
you are
> [iu: a:'J
they are
- ei sunt
>[D/cia']
they are
> [D/ei
e~ti,
dumneaYoastra sunte\i
1.11 lilll
[~i:
iz]
;1 '
I
Sa exersam verbul "to be". Cititi Cll voce tare urmatoarele propozitii:
> [ai Em m D7 a halls] - Eu sunt in casa.
1 am in the house.
You are a boy. - Tu
> [It I ;1.',11'"1\ baial.
e~ti
She is in the street. > I ~I 1/ 11\ I) - Ea este pe strada.
He is near the door. > [hl: iz nla' DZa do.') - El este langa ll~a. It is a car.
> [it iz aka:']
- Aceasta este
We are in the building.
> lUi: a.' in D/ a bildin(gl]
- Noi suntem in
You are
> [iu: a:'in biUcarcst]
- Sunteti in
> [D'zei a r boiz]
- Ei sunt baieti.
In
Bucharest.
They are boys.
,I
stlI:tJ
0 ma~illil.
cladin~.
Bucure~11.
Traduceti in limba engJeza urmatoarele propozitii. Nu uitati sa folosili pronumele persollal, dl:oarece in limba engleza pronumele nu se omite: > He is in the room.
El este in camera. (Noi) suntem in apropierea (Eu) sunt in birou. Sunteti la
Bucure~ti.
~colii.
> We are near the school. > I am in the otlice. > You are in Bucharest
Ea este a femeie.
> She
Ei sunt pe strada.
> They are in the sll l:cl.
IS
a woman.
Aceasta este E~ti
0
> It is a station.
statie.
> You are near the station.
aproape de static.
$i celelalte forme ale verbului to be asel1uinator lui it is, se pot prescurta: lam
- I'm
> [all11]
you are
- you're
> [iua l]
she is
- she's
>
he is
- he's
> [hi:z]
it is
- it's
> [its]
weare
- we're
> ["ia l]
you are
- you're
> [iua l]
they are
- they're
> [Dlei']
[~i:z]
---Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii folosind f()l"Jnele prescurtate:
• El este in camera. Suntem in apropierea
> He's in the room. ~colii.
> We' re near the school. > I 'Ill in the office.
Sunt in birou. Sunteti la
Bucure~ti.
> You're in Bucharest.
Ea este 0 feme ie,
> She's a woman.
Ei sunt in strada.
> Ihey're ill the street.
Ei sunt in strada.
> TI1l"\" re
Aceasta este E~ti
0
III
the street.
> II is;1 s(;lliull.
statie.
> \'''11 ;11<' Ill:;!r tile statioll
aproape de statie.
Acum sa invaVim ciiteva verbe noi: to work
> 1111
";\
to get
> IIU
~l'11
to know
> 11UIl
- a ~ti, a cunoa~te
to wait
> [tu"ed]
- a
to speak
> l tu spik]
- a vorbi
to like
> [tu laik]
- a(-i) placea, a indragi
'1,1
- a lucra - a primi, a obtine
a~tepta
lar acum yom folosi aceste verbe in propozitii. Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu verbele care lipsesc. Folositi filtrul ro~u: Ea intotdeauna obtine El
a~teapta des
0
camera la hotel.
in apropierea
~colii.
- She always >gets [gets] a room in the hotel. - He often >waits ["eits] near the school.
Vorbesc rar.
- 1 seldom >speak [spi:k].
Lucram la Predeal.
- We >work [" a:lk] in Predeal.
Lor Ie place femeia.
- They >like [lalk] the
wom~n.
UrmiHoarele expresii se folosesc destul de des: to wo'rk at/in
> l tu "a:'k Et/ll1]
- a lucra la
to wait for
> [tu "el t fa,']
- a
to speak to
>[tllspd]
- a vorbi Cll cineva
to like to
> [tu lalk tll]
- a-i placea sa faca ceva
a~tepta
pe cinev", ceva
Completati verbele care lipsesc din textul in Iimba engleza:
Ii place sa mearga la Bi.lCllre~ti,
- She >lJkes to llalks tll] go to Bucharest.
A~teptam
- We always >.vait for [Ueit 1'0 'I the bus,
intotdeauna autobuzul.
- He >works in [" a:'ks m] the oHice,
Lucreaza In birou.
in exercitiul urmator, exersati-va inca 0
data pronuntia ~i traducerea:
to work in a factory
>(tu lJa:'k
to get a bicycle
>[tu get ,I balslkll
- a primi
to like to speak
>[tll 1<1Ik tll spl.kJ
- a-i placea sa vorbeasca
to wait for a bus
>[tll LICit Co:' a bas]
- a
to speak to a boy
>[tll sJ!l.k tu a bOI]
- a vorbi cu un biliat
to know the entrance
>[tu nau
- a
111 d
D7j
IlJJan]
entJans]
Traduceti In limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos. La pronuntia:
sffir~it,
- a lucra intr-o fabrica bicicletil
0
a~tepta
un autobu/
eunoa~te
intrarca
nu uitati sa va verilical i ll'llducerea
El merge des la hotel.
> 1J e often goes to the hote I.
>[hl olil g,lll/
El se afla in camera.
> lie
>[11l: iz
IS 111
the
roOIll
111
III
1)/,1
I) " 11.1111<'11
III III
> Sill' sL'll!ol111ooks at the C,II',
>[~i: scld.lIII Illk , I I
Vorbese eu baiatul in fieeare dimineata.
>I
>[al
Intotdeauna primim camera.
> \Ve ail, ays
El a~teapta trenul in fi ecare zi.
> He \\-alts I'm the every d'lY.
Ea se uita rar la
ma~ini.
sp\.'ak
tIl 111l'
boy
C\ ('J) \11\\\ \1\1\).'.
,!el
D/a k.l'/I
111()
th\.'
100111,
11',!II1
I
>[L1 1:
Spl k III I)
.1
1',,1
II
1'1
'nlll l "'1 0 1'\'1/ "1'1 I)
>[hl: "\.1h III ' I) \.'\'\\ dell
,I III
1111
,I 111'111
~I
Merg des la biserica.
>
J
> [ai ofn gau tLl
orten go to church.
t~a:'l~]
> It's ncar the school.
> [its nij' D7a sku:l]
Este 0 fabrica la Buzau.
> There is a factory in Buzau,
> [D"ea' izj fEkEui in buziiu]
Imi place sa lucrez.
> I Ilk,'
> [ai laik tu"a:'k]
~i
> I Ie ;J1so kllOws the hotel.
> [hi: olsau nauz DZii hautel]
eu intru in cladire in fiecare dimineala.
> I ;J1:;o c'IIll'l the building
> [at olsau enta' D7a bildin lgl
Ea merge des cu autobuzul.
> ,\/rl' "IIL'I!
Este aproape de
~coaHi.
el cunoa~te hoteluL
~i
CI
10
work,
CI \ IIIOrJlIllg, "~lies
{'vri mO:'nin(gl]
>
by bus.
[~l:
ofn gilliz baf bas]
,
Unele verbe au aceea!ji forma ca !jf suhstalltivele: to walk
> I III " 0 k I
- a se plimba
a walk
> l a " 0 J.: I
- 0
to work
> [Ill
- a lucra
work
> [";1'1,1
";1
'J.:
'
plimbare
- munca
Exista !ji substantive pe care Ie formam dill verhe: to drive
> I III dr;lfl
I
driver
> I dlafl ;,' I
to speak
>
Illl
a speech
>
I;, 'phi
- a conduce -
SI)IJ.: I
~ofer,
conducator auto
- a vorbi - vorbire, discurs
Cititi urmatoarele propozitii: ~oferul
The driver goes for a walk every day.
-
We go to work every morning.
- Noi mergem sa lucram in fiecare dimineala.
There is also a speech.
- Este
They speak about everything.
- Ei vorbesc despre orice.
~i
merge la plimbare in fiecare zi.
un discurs.
In expresiile to go to work (a merge la mUllcd) ,\'i to go to school (a merge la !jcoala) omitem articolul, ca!ji In cazul expresiei to go to church (a merge la biserica).
..,..,
lata cateva cuvinte noi: morning
> [mo:'nin lgJ ]
- dimineata
in the morning
- dimincata (ca pCllOada de timp)
evening
> [i: Vllll1(g)j
in the evening
>
red
> [red]
-
white
> ["a't]
- alb
good
> [gud]
- bun
bad
> [bEd]
- rau
five
> [ fa/v]
- cwei
two
> [tlL]
- doi
there
> [D'e~l']
- acolo (cuvantul "th~'l\'" cste adverb de lac, de aCl:ca sc afla la sfar~itul propOZi\IL'j)
[Ill D/I
- searii
i:vnin lgl ]
- seara (ca perioada de limp) ro~u
Acum citili cuvintele invajate antenor, intr-o alta ordine: in the morning
> [111
red
> lied]
~ ro~u
five
> [fa/v]
- cinci
good
> [gud]
- bun
evening
> [i.vnm ,gl ]
- seanl
bad
> [bEd]
- rau
two
>1
- doi
morning
> !1ll0
there
> [I l'Ld')
- acolo
in the evening
> lin D'I i:\JlIJl1"lj
- scanl (ca per!oada de limp)
white
> ["a'l)
- alb
111
[)/a
mO:'nll1(gl]
.1 '11111 1"))
- dimineata (ca perioada de limp)
- dimincaja
28
Completati propozitiile In limba engleza: ~i ~oferul are 0 ma~ina ro~ie.
- The dri ver also has a >red [red] car.
Acesta este un discurs bun.
-It's a >good [gud] speech.
El se plimba des seara.
- He often walks >in the evening [in D/i
i: vnin lg 1]Noi vedem cladirea alba.
- We see the >white [" a it] building.
Ea nu este In Bucure~ti dimineata.
- She is not in Bucharest >in the morning [in D'a mo:'nin lgl ].
~i
ei au cinci ma~ini.
Vad doi baieti in apropierea Ea este
0
- They also have >five [faiv] cars. ~colii.
- I see >two [tu:] boys near the school.
femeie rea.
- She's a >bad [bEd] woman.
- I often go >therc l Olea'].
Merg des acolo.
In exercitiul care unneaza, cuvintele din limba romana trebuie traduse In limba engleza: cinci ferestre
> five windows
doua seri
> two evenings
~coala
> good school
buna > l hl.d ";, 'k I
munca grea
> bad work
langa turnul ro~u
> ncar the red tower ~()P J
In magazinul alb
>
nu dimineata
> [not in IYa mo:'nin lgl ]
> not in the morning
I ~I este un baiat rau.
> [hiz a bEd boi]
> He's a bad boy.
I ':1I merge des la lucru.
>
hllll ~i nlU
> [gud End bEd]
> good and bad
> [hi: iz ii!S,lll in IYa "ait hildin,glJ
> He is also in the white building.
~i
el esle in
1111
St'arll
a
11Il'1':I
cl~\direa
intr-ull birotl
alba.
1111 [)':I
[~i:
"aft
ofn
gi:llIZ
tu "a:'k)
> in the white shop
> She often goes to work:
> not in the evening
> I III ":I:'k
III :11,
ollsJ
")0
> to work in an oHice
LECTIA 2 - PARTEA A DOVA , J
in aeeasta parte a leqiei nu mai introdueem materie noua; doar repetam eeea ee am invll\at pana aeum. Cu ajutorul exercitiulul de citire yeti invata care este structura unei propozitii In limba engleza. Repetarea permanentii a material ului asigura consolidarea cuno~tintelor, dar ~i utilizarea lor eu
u~urinta.
Dupa un timp veti observa ea nu mai trebuie sa faceti eforturi pentru a va aminti un clIv[mt sau topiea unei propozitii. Citind eu voce tare, invatati mai mult dedit ati erede. Va veti Insu~iti mult mai repede expresiile ~i eonstruetia propozitiei. ce in ce mai repede
~i
mai
in acest fel, yeti inva(a kCllile din
u~or!
Cititi dar, pronuntand cat mai corect urmatorul dialog. Repetati exercitiul pana cand
IHI VL(I
l11ai fa,
niei a gre~eala. Daca nu sunteti siguri In legatura cu pronuntia unul cuvant, cautati-l In vocahularul de la sIar~itul eaietului de curs. Pentru u~urarea pronuntiei. am tiparit silabele accentuate culikrc ingro~ate. Repetati cu voce tare: Barbara:
There's a church in the shopping street.
Peter:
I know the church. It's near the railway station. We go there every mOl'lling.
~f rl'cl~.
Mary:
I often go to school by bus. I know the driver. He likes the traffic in thc
Tom:
I go to work by bicycle. I always see Peter. He walks on the sidc-w:dk IIr goes to
school.
Mary:
Peter likes to go to school. When he enters the building he goes
John:
opens the red window and looks at the boys and girls in the street. He also likes to go to the hotel. He knows five rooms in the hotl'!.
Tom:
There's a good hotel
In Bra~ov.
to
Peter:
Then he
10
work there. I go
there in the morning. John also likes to go to the restaurant. He goes there every day.
You go to the restaurant every day. John waits for you in the cwning. I often see you in the traffic.
Mary:
1'1I011I,
The hotel has a white entrancc. The hoft'! also has a
restaurant; it's a good restaurant. I work there. I like there. I like Barbara:
a
We go to school in the evening l
Acum repetati tot ce ati invatat pana acum. Daca nu sunteti siguri de pronuntia sau intelesul unul cuvant, cautali-l in vocabularul de la sIar~itul caietului de curs. Folositi filtrul
ro~u.
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii, apoi verificati-va.
Efectuati tema pentru acasa numai dupa ce ati rezolvat acest exercitiu, tara gre~eli. Daca nu ati reu~it, nu intrati in panica; citili de mai multe ori propozitiile in limba romana ~i reveniti asupra elementelor de gramatica sau de vocabular care va ridica inca proQleme: Barbara deschide intotdeauna
> Barbara always opens the door.
u~a.
> Then she goes to work.
Dupa aceea ea merge sa lucreze. Ea
cunoa~te
Seara ea
> She knows the work.
munca.
> In the evening she waits for the car.
a~teapta ma~ina.
Este circulatie pe strada.
> There's traffic in the street.
Baiatul se uita des la turn.
> The boy often looks at the tower.
EI vede doua ferestre.
> He sees two windows.
Lui ii place sa mearga la turn.
> He likes to go to the tower.
Este
0
intrare in
ro~u ~i
> There's a red and a white entrance.
una in alb.
Casa este aproape de biserica.
> The house is near the church.
EI merge des la biserica.
> He often goes to church.
$i ei viziteaza biroul in fiecare zi.
> They also visit the office every day.
Dupa aceea ei merg cu
Barbara conduce intotdeauna Ea
prive~te rar
> Then they go by car.
ma~ina.
> Barbara always drives the red car.
ma~ina ro~ie.
> She seldom looks at the traffic.
circulatia.
Lui ii place sa conduca
> He likes to drive a car.
ma~ina.
Intotdeauna desehid u~a.
> 1 always open the door.
j n fiecare zi te plimbi pana la cladire.
> You walk to the building every day.
( 'i'\lId Ie a~teptam, privim I' ircula\ia de pe strada.
> When we wait for you we look at the traffic in the street.
Sl'ara ca merge intotdeauna cu autobuzul.
> In the evening she always goes by bus.
I\POI ca mcrge la gara.
> Then she goes to the railway station
III ll'sl:llIrallt ea vorbe~te cu baiatul.
> In the restaurant she speaks to the hoy.
Ilaiallllilingl" eu trcnul in fiecare diminea\:1.
> Thl" boy goes by train every lTIornillv.
0l"o,da
l'sll'
> The school is in Station Street.
ill Strada Sla\iei.
> There is also a factory ncar thl" 31
sl:lIioll
Tom lucreaza acolo.
> Tom works there.
~i
> The factory also has
fabrica are un birou.
a~teapta des
Este a
ma~ina
ullll'C
> He always opens the Uj'lllT and speaks to Peter.
EI deschide intotdeauna birou1 ~i vorbe~te cu Peter. Tom il
~lJl
> Tom often waits for Petel
pe Peter.
> It" s a bad car.
proasta.
John nu este In apartament.
> John is not in the apal tllll'lll
EI este pe strada cu magazine.
> He is in the ShOpplllg stlcl'l
El
prive~te
iJ a~tept
rar
> He seldom looks at the
ma~ini1e.
> ] walt for John every day
pe John in fiecare zi.
Tom are a
ma~ina
> Tom has a good car.
buna.
> It's a Rolls Royce,
Acesta este un Rolls Royce. E1 are
~i
doua biciclete
EI viziteaza seara
> He also has two red blcyck '
ro~ii.
> In the evening he visits
Bucure~tiul.
Dupa aceea merge cu trenul ~i restaurantele.
eli'
~i
Illil 11.11\
> Then he goes by train ami and the restaurants.
vede hotelurile
',ll'
I
III\" Illllcls
Citi~i urmatoarele cuvinte. Literele din fieeare coloana tiparite cu caractere Ingro~a!l', dcscmneaza aeela~i
sunet:
[u]
[e]
[ail
school
hotel
like
room
restaurant
two
get
white
he
you
red
five
see
[I:] evening speech
32
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 2 , 2.1.
"Acesta este" sau "acela este" se traduce In limba engleza prin "it is"l it if I . Accs!:! sc prescurteaza In vorbire, dar ~i in scris; astfel, scrierea corecta ~i pronuntia este "it's"! '1:;1 .
2.2.
in unniitoarele expresii nu se folose~te articol:
2.3.
to go to church
- a merge la biserica
to go to work
- a merge la lucru
to go to school
- a merge la ~coala
Dad vrem sa exprimam eil ceva cste, exista, folosim expresia "there is", a carei forma prescUliata este "there's". There is a red car in the street.
- Este
0 ma~ina ro~ie
pe strada.
Daca cuvantul "there" se afla la sfjr~itul propozitiei, are rol de adverb de loc ~i se traduce "acolo". - Ea luereaza acolo.
She works there.
2.4.
Formele conjugate ale verbului
,,10
be" (a fi) ~i variantele prescurtate sunt urmatoarele:
lam
I'm
- ell slInt
we are
we're
noi suntem
you are
you're
- tu e$tl, dumneata e~ti
you are
you're
voi sunteti
they are
they're
- dUl11ncavoastrii sunte\i
2.5.
2.6.
he is
he's
- el estc
she is
she's
- ea cstc
it is
it's
- acesta, asta este
-
ei sunt
Uncle verbe Ie folosim des in combina\ie cu anumite cuvinte: a~tepta
to wait for
- a
to speak to
- a vorbi eu cineva
to work at/in
- a lucra undeva
He always waits for Barbara.
- EI 0 a~teapta Intotdeauna pe Barbara.
We speak to Peter every day.
- Vorbim eu Peter in fiecare zi.
pe cineva, ceva
lata ciiteva substantive formate din verbe: to drive
- a conduce
driver
- ;;ofer, conducator auto
to speak
- a vorbi
speech
- discurs, vorbire
to work
- a lucra
work
- munca
to walk
- a se plimba
walk
- plimbare
to enter
- a intra in, a pa~i in
entrance
- intrare
:
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 2 Rezolvati ~i trimiteti spre verificare unnatoarele exercitii: Indicatiile referitoare la rezolvarea temei ~i modul lor de trimitere Ie gasiti in indrulllarul de la sIar~itul caietului de curs:
A
B.
C.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana: I.
Is he near the railway station?
2.
No, he always goes by bus.
3.
The driver waits for Peter every morning.
4.
He also likes to speak to Barbara.
5.
There's a good restaurant in the hotel.
6.
I walk to work every day.
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: I.
Ea merge des seara la restaurant.
2.
Vedem gara in fiecare zi.
3.
Camera are ferestre.
4.
Fabrica este in apropierea oficiului.
5.
Cunosc cladirea alba.
6.
In fabrica este un birou.
Construiti propozitii in limba engleza folosind cuvintele de mai jos: I.
like to, I, drive, car, a
2.
the driver, often, speak to, we
3.
by car, she, goes, every day, to work
4.
has, windows, the building, five
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 1 SI , , 2 a
>ldj
- un (articol nehotariH)
also
>[~lls,lllJ
-
am
> l Em J
- sunt
an
>[
- un (articol nehotarat, se folose~te Inaintea cuvintelor care Incep cu 0 vocala)
always
>[0:]'\:1/]
- Intotdeauna, mereu
and
> [End]
apartment
> [apa:'tJll;ln\ I
apartment-building
~i,
~i ...
la fel
- apartament - bloc
are
> [a:']
-
bad
>[bEclJ
- rau
to be
> [tll bl.l
-afi
bicycle
> [ba/slkll
- bicicleta
boy
> [bo/]
- baiat
building bus
de asemenea
e~ti,
sunte\i, suntem, sunt
- cladire - autobuz
>[b;lsi
bus station
-
sta~ie
de autobuz
by
> [b;\/]
- cu, pe (a calatori)
car
>[b:']
-
church
>[t~il:'t~]
- biserica
church tower
> [t~ii:'t~ (alia']
- turn de biserica
door
> [do:']
to drive
> [tLl dra/v]
- a conduce
driver
> [dra/va']
-
to enter
>[tll ellta']
- a intra In, a patrunde In
entrance
> [entrails]
- intrare
evening
~ofer,
automobil
conducator auto
- seara
in the evening
> [in IYi
every
>[e\ril
i\1l111','lj
every day factory
ma~ina,
- seara (ca perioada de timp) - fiecare,
to~i,
toate
- fiecare zi >11'1<"(;1111
- fabrica, uzina
-
. five
> [fa/v]
-cmci
to get
> [tLiget]
- a primi, a obtine
to go
> [tu gall]
- a merge
to go to
> [tu gau tLl]
- a merge la
good
> [gud]
- bun
to have
> [tu h£\]
- a avea
he
> [hi:]
- el
he's
> [hl:z]
- el este
hotel
> [hautel]
- hotel
house
> [haus]
- casa
> [a/]
-eu
I'm
> [aim]
- eu sunt
III
> [111]
- in, la, inauntruJ
IS
> [IZ]
- este, e
it
> [It]
- acesta, asta (pentrll obiectc, notiuni abstracte, animalc, gellul neutru)
it's
> [ItS]
- asta este
to know
> [tLi Hau]
- a ~ti, a cunoa~te
to like
> [tLi lark]
- a(-i) placea, a i'ndragi
to like to
> [Ill laik tu]
- a-i placea sa faea eeva
to look
> [tu lllk]
- a privi, a se lIita
to look at
> [tLl luk Et]
- a se uita la, a privi la
morning
> [Illo:'nin(g)]
- dimineaFI
in the morning
> [in DZa mo:rnin(g)]
- dimineala (ca pcrioada de timp)
near
> I ilia']
- aproape,
no
> [Ilau]
- nu,
not
> [noll
- nu
office
> [otis]
- biroll, oliciu
often
> [oftan], [ofn]
to open
> [tu aUfln]
- a dcschide, a desface
railway
> [reil"ei]
- cale ferata
railway station
> [led"el
red
> [red]
stel~lI]
'--.
111
I1ICI 1111,
preajma l1ici
0
- des
- gara -
ro~u
restaurant
> llestarant],[restro:nt]
- restaurant
room
> [ru:m]
- camera
school
> [skull
-
to see
> [IU si:]
- a vedea
seldom
> [seld:ull]
- rar
she
> lsi]
- ea
~coala
she's
- ea este
shop
- magazlll
shopping
- cumparaturi
shopping street
> [sopin"'l stri:l]
- strada cu magazine
side-walk
> l s:)/d"() L I
- trotuar - astfel,
so
a~adar
to speak
>[Iu spiLJ
- a vorbi
to speak to
>[Iusprklul
- a vorbi cu cineva, cuiva
speech
> [Spl"]
- vorbire, discurs
station
> [slci:;n]
- statie
street
> [slii
II
- strada - (articol hotariit)
the
I [)Iell]
then
>
there
> [IYea']
- acolo
there's
> [[Yea'z]
- acolo este
they
> lD/el]
- ei, ele
they're
> [D"el']
- ei/ele sunt
to
> [tll]
- 1.
- atunci, dupa aceea, apoi
2.
la, spre, catre indica modul infinitival verbelor; de exemplu: to speak
(ower
> [tawl']
-tum
IralTic
> [trEfik]
- circulatie
(rain
> [Ireln]
- tren
Iwo
> 111I1
-doi - a vizita, a merge la
(0
vi:;i(
>
(0
wail
:- 1111",/11
to wait lor
[Ill \'i/ill
'. 1III
", '/1 [" '
- a a~(cpta 1
.. a
a~tepta
pe cine va, ceva
- a merge pe jos, a se plimba
to walk
> [tu uu.k]
walk
:>
we
> [Ui']
-noi
we're
>[Uia']
- noi suntem
when
> [lien]
- dnd, atunci cand
white
> [t/att]
- alb
window
> ["ind:H1]
- fereastra
woman
> [" um im]
- femeie, solie
to work
>[tu"a"k]
- a lucra
to work in/at
> [tll "a "k ,nlEt]
- a lucra la
work
>(Ua.·kJ
-munca
you
> [ill: 1
- tu, voi, dumneavoaslra
you're
> [ilia']
- tu
["o:k]
- plimbare
e~ti, voi suntc\i, dumneata e~ti, dumneavoastra SlII11c(i
1'n cazuri/e in care aufost prezentate dOUG prol1un(ii d~(erite pentru ace/a!j! cuwln(.
fi folosite ambele variante.
11IS('(1I1II1U
cd pot
INVATAREA SISTEMATICA , Deseori, intre cl~tigatorul probei de zeee mii de metri doar ciitiva metri.
~i
restul eoneurentilor e
0
diferenta de
Aeesta este rezultatul unui antrenament mai sustinut, al unui mod de viata mai sanatos si al unei ..' , " pregatiri mai laborioase. Aee~ti faetori hotarase rezultatul final ~i ii difcrentiaza pc cl~tigatori de restul eoncurcn~ilor. Dumncavoastra a\i hotanit sa partieipati ~i sa absolvi(i eursul dc limba cngleza pentru ineepatori, pentrll a fi mai bine pregatit pentru restul vietii. Exersa\i in ficcarc zi un sfert de ora! Nu este mult, dar cstc foarte important sa faeeti aeest lueru eonsecvent ~i sistematico Nu va pierdeti elanul Inlllpta ell grijilc cotidiene ~i nu va abateti de la Invii\arca zilnica. In eunind yeti eonstata ca cforturile dlll11nCavoastru dau rczultate. Veti fi mai l11ai lI~or 111!clc~i dc persoanele straine, yeti plltca vedca fill11e, yeti putea eiti in limba engleza. Cllnoa~terea acestei limbi de eireulatie international a va poate influenta ~i aetivitatea profesionalil, precllm ~i alte domenii ale vietii dumneavoastra, indiferent daea este yorba de petreeerea limplIllii liber, de viata soeiala sau de eariera. A~adar,
aveti numai de ea~tigat.
Va ureaza mult sueees, Profesorul dumneavoastra
© Copyright by
EUROCOR - Institutul European de Cursuri prin Coresponden1ii S. R. L. 1998
INDRUMAR PENTRU REZOLVAREA TEMEI 1.
va rugam, incepe~i rezolvarea temei pentru acasa numai dupa ce a~i par-curs intregul material, ati repetat cuvintele ~i ati rezolvat tara grqeli ultimele exercitii de verificare. Inainte de a incepe rezolvarca acesteia va recomandam sa studiati cu atentie ~i sa recititi inca 0 data textul, urmarind reguli1e pe care reeapitularea Ie accentueaza prin punetare.
2.
Atunei cand Invatam olimba straina, aceasta trebuie exersata ~i repetata eu aceea~i perseverenta cu care am Invatat sa mcrgem. In acest seop v-au fost propuse 0 serie de exereitii. Va sugeram sa revedeti din cand "in dnd materialul deja parcurs. In scurt timp, eursantul se va convinge di accsl lucru nu cste lipsit de sens. Tema implica intotdeauna ~i repetarea materiei din Icqiile anterioare. Obi~nuiti-va cu acest mod de lucru, care, in mod spontan ~i tara eforturi deosebite, va improspateaza ~i consolideaza cuno~tintele. Pentru a putea obtine rezultate in invatarea limbilor straine cu ajutorull11etodei noastre, nu aveti nevoie de un talent deosebit. Chiar ~i cei care sunt mai putini receptivi in invatarea lil11bilor straine, vor ajunge dupa cateva luni de studiu la un nivella care nici nu au sperat. Deci, fiti gata de lucru!
3.
Propunerea noaslr~l cste sa Incepeti rezolvarea temei folosind ciorna. Va fi l11ai sa va corccta\i ~i sfl propuncti mai multe posibile raspunsuri, iar la sfar~it sa alcgeti varianta care vi sc parc a fi cea l11ai buna.
u~or
4.
Transcrieti tema "pc curat" doar cand sunteti siguri de rezolvare. Pentru trimiterea temelor folositi forn1Ularele tiparite in acest scop.
5.
Nu uitati sa va scrieti numele, prenumele, adresa, codul profesorului ~i numarul de cursant sub care ati fost inregistrat. Acesta din urma se gase~te in scrisoarea care confinna participarea dvs. la curs.
6.
Va rugam scrieti citet!
7.
Alaturati temei pentru acasa un plic timbrat autoadresat. In acest plic yeti primi tema corectata.
8.
Este foartc important Sil nola\i pc plic numarul de cursant sub care ati fost inrcgislrat!
9.
In cazul In t:al"l: WlllaIH!a\i matcrialc noi de curs, sau aveti alte cereri legate de rcla(iilc t:u puhliclIl, st:ric(i-Ic scparal pe 0 foaie de bartie ~i trimiteti-le pe adresa noastra ImprcLilla t:1I lcma. In wI\lIl din stflllgajos al scrisorii, scrieti "Relatii cu publicul".
1O.
Dumneavoastra suntcti cel care stabile~te termenul de trnmtere a temei. Independent de acesta, lUCl-area dUl11neavostra va fi intotdeauna controlata ~i retrimisa de catre profesor.
Veti vedea, eforturile dumneavoastra vor fi rasplatite. Va dorim mult succes!
LECTIA 3 ,
PARTEA INTAI
Ineepem eu invatarea catorva euvinte noi: town
>[taun]
-
table
> [teibl]
- masa
clock
>[klok]
- eeas, orologiu
on
> [on]
- pe
day
> [dei]
- Zl
girl
>[ga:rl]
- fata
time
> [taim]
- timp, vreme
afternoon
> [a:ftarnu :n]
- dupa-amiaza
mother
>[maDZa']
- mama
usually
> [iu:juaJi]
- de obieei, in mod obi~nuit
ora~
Iar aeum sa exersam intr-o alta ordine euvintele noi impreuna eu artieolul. Rcpetati: the day
> r IY~l dci]
-ZlUa
usually
;;. IlIljllali I
- de obieci, III mod obi~nuit
a table
> I a (tilll]
- omasa
the afternoon
> [O/i a:fht'nu:n]
- dupa-amiaza
the mother
> [DZa maDZa r]
- mama
the time
> [DZa taim]
- timpul, vremea
a town
> [a taun]
- un
on
> [on]
- pe
a clock
> [a klok]
- un eeas, un orologiu
a girl
>[aga:'l]
- 0
ora~
fata
In acest exercitiu yeti intalni cuvintele noi in expresii. Cititi textul ~i fiti atenti Ia pronuntie: ~i
the boy and the girl
> [DZa bOI End DZa ga: rI]
- baiatul
the clock on the table
> [DZa klok on D'a teibl]
- ceasul de pc masa
fata
- dupa-amiaza
in the afternoon Mother usually looks at the clock.
> [maDZa r iu:juaiJ luks Et DZa klok]
It is a good day.
> [it iz
- Mama se uita de obicei la ceas.
a gud dell
- Aceasta este
0
zi buna.
Nu sc folose~te articolul lnaintea cuvantului town atunci cand reiese clar din context la care ora..~ se refera vorbitorul. ill cursul lectiei vom Intalni mai multe exemple In acest sens. I ar acum unneaza propozitii in care yom intalni cuvintele noi. Inainte insa, inca un lucru important:
At i /nvii(at ca particllla to precede verbul fa modul injinitiv, lnsii ea este folosita indica directia, tradllcClIldu-se prin la, spre, catre.
I have no time to visit Barbara.
> [al hEy
He goes to school the afternoon.
> l h l:
1D
n~lll
taim ttl vizit
ba"bla] ga 11 / (II S k II: I
(YI ;l.lta'lIl1
[~J.
0
pentru a
vizitez pe
- Dupa-amiaza el merge la ~coala.
In
111
She likes to go to town.
>
The girl usually waits for the train.
> [Dla ga:rlllJ:Jllall ''l'lls fo: r DZa trelll]
It's a good day to work.
> [its
The boy has two tab les in the room.
> [Dla boi hEz tu: te/blz in DZa nnn]
Mother is in the room.
> [malY,Y
l;lIks
- Nu am timp sa Barbara.
~i
III L;\II to 1.\11/1
a gud del tll
17. III
I
ua:'k]
D'a ru:m]
----------------
--_..
- Ei ii place sa mearga in
ora~.
- Fata a~teapta de obicei trenul. - Aceasta este munca.
0
zi buna pentru
- Baiatul are doua mese in camera. - Mama este in camera.
-------------
Dupa cum ati observat, inaintea cuvantului "mother" nu este necesara folosirea articolului.
"\
-'
Cunoa~te!i deja
Aceasta este
0
cuvintele noi? Citi!i cu voce tare propozi!iile in limba engleza
~i
completa!i-Ie:
- It's a good> day [dei] to go for a walk.
zi buna pentru plimbare.
Nu am timp pentru cumparaturi.
- I have no > time [talm] for shopping.
Mama este in cladire.
- > Mother [maDzii"] is in the building.
A~tept
des cate
0
zi in
- I often wait> in town [in taun] for a day.
ora~.
Dupa-amiaza mergem la biserica.
- We go to church> in the afternoon [DZi a:ftarnu:n].
in camera sunt doua ceasuri.
- There are two> clocks [kloks] in the room.
in propozitiile anterioare ati putut observa cd putem combina cuvantul for cu diferite cuvinte ~i astjet fntelesul lui diferd de la caz la caz. a~tepta
to wait for
-a
pe cineva, ceva
for a day
- pentru
to go for a walk
- a merge la plimbare
to look for
- a cauta
0
zi,
0
zi, timp de
0
zi
Yom invata din nou cilteva cuvinte noi. Fiti atenti 1a pronuntie! p~opk IIIC(;
>1
pi 1 11
1
·111.1/',1
popor, na\iune, oameni
people
>[ pi:pl]
placlIl, f"llIllIOS, dragu\, sil1lpalic
nice
>11I
big
>[bigJ
first
>[fa:rst]
some
>[sam]
country
>[kantri]
voltlll1il1os, Ill
big
>Illlt'l
first
>[ta:'st]
- prim, intai
some
>[sam]
- ceva, cateva,
country
>[kantri]
- tara, stat
111(\1l',
ni~te,
ciltiva, unii
in urmatoarele propozitii yeti vedea felul in care folosim aceste cuvinte. Cititi propozitiile ~i verificati pronuntia.
She's a nice girl.
>[ ~i:z a nals ga:rl]
- Ea este
0
fata draguta.
First he sees a white building. >[ta:rst hi: si:z a Uait bildin(g)] - intili el vede There's a big factory there.
>[DZearz a big tEktari DZea r]
I know some good shops.
>[ ai nau sam gud
Shc's there.
>[~i:z
DZei:'F]
~ops]
- Acolo este
0
0
cladire alba.
fabrica mare.
- Cunosc ciHeva magazine bune. - Ea este acolo.
It's nice to see Mary.
> [its nais
It's a big car.
> [its a big ka: r]
- Aceasta este
Some people have houses and some have apartments.
>[sam pi:pl hEv hauziz End sam hEv apa:rtmants]
- Unii oameni au case, iar unii au apartamente.
It's a nice country.
> [its a nais kantri]
- Aceasta este
tu
si: meari]
- Este placut sa 0 vad/ vedem pe Mary. 0 ma~ina
0
mare.
tara frumoasa.
In limba engleza diteodata nu se folose~te articolul inaintea substantivului, daca substantivul este la plural, de exemplu: "Some people have houses and some have apartments." Daca cuvantul "some" se afla inaintea substantivului, atunci nu folosim articolul.
Citi~i
urmiltoarele expresii
~i
I have somc clocks.
propozitii
~i
incercati sa Ie traduceti:
>[al hEv sam kloks]
> Am cateva ceasuri.
We usually go first.
> De obicci mergem primii.
He sees a big station.
> El vedc
0
statie mare.
Some girls like to walk.
>1 sam
He drives a big car every day.
>[ hi: (!I-alv/
,1 hIL', ka:' eVil dCI]
Bucharest is nice.
>[ bukarest
II:
a big country
>[a big kantri]
>0 lara mare
the first building
>[DZa fa:rst bildin(g)]
>prima clad ire
ga:'!/ lalk III "o'k]
n,lls]
> Unor fcte Ie place sa se plimbe. >El conduce zilnic 0 ma~ina mare. > Bucure~tiul este frumos.
Sa exersam cuvintele noi. Traduceti-Ie in limba engleza:
cateva ceasuri mari
> I S;II11 hi!', k lob I
- some big clocks
o tara frumoasa
>1"
kalllill
- a nice country
doua mese mari
>[lu. hlg 1('/111/1
- two big tabks
prima zi frumoasa
>[DZa
cateva fete
>[sam ga:'lz]
- some girls
ora~e
>[falV taunz]
- five towns
cinci
11"1',
f~l:'st 11,11:,
d"11
- the first nice day
Vorbese des eu mama.
> [ai ofn spi:k tu maDZiF]
- I often speak to mother.
Este timpul sa pleeam.
> [its taim tu gau]
- It's time to go.
Ea merge cateva dupa-amieze la birou.
> [~i: gauz tu DZi ofis sam a:fUFnu:nz]
- She goes to the office some afternoons.
Nfaria este des aeolo.
>[meari iz ofn D'eiF]
- Mary is often there.
Sa verifieam daea
~titi
deja euvintele noi. Tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
> We are first.
Noi suntem primii. Dupa-amiaza mergem des in
ora~.
> We often go to town in the afternoon.
El este un baiat dragut.
> He's a nice boy.
In birou este
> There's a big table in the office.
0
masa mare.
Cateva eamere au einei ferestre.
> Some rooms have five windows.
Nu am timp sa merg la plimbare.
> I have no tlme to go for a walk.
Mama intra in magazin in fiecare zi.
> Mother enters the shop every day.
Aeesta este un
ora~
aproape de
Bucure~ti.
> It's a town ncar Bucharcst.
Ceasul este fmmos.
> The clock is nice,
Aceasta estc a tara mare.
> It's a big country.
Unii Oal11Cnl I11crg Sl'ara la plimbare.
> So 11](' pcople go for a walk
111
the evenings.
In leetia anterioara am diseutat deja despre vcrbul "to be" - "a fi". In aceasta leqie vom prezenta formele interogative ~i negative ale acestui verb.
in cazul formiirii interogativului verbului to be se schimbii ordinea cuvintelor din cadrul propozitiei, adicii substantivul sau pronumele personal oJi verbul loJi schimbii locul lntre ele. Acest pro'cedeu se numeoJte inversiune. Ajirmativ:
In terogativ:
I am a girl.
- Eu sunt (0) fata.
Am I a girl?
- Eu sunt (0) fata?
He is a boy.
- El este (un) Miat.
Is he a boy?
- Este el (un) Miat?
They are in the room.
- Ei sunt in camera.
Are they in the room?
- Ei sunt in camera?
The girl is nice.
- Fata este draguta.
Is the girl nice?
- Este draguta fata?
Transformati urmatoarele propozitii afirmative in propozitii interogative:
She is a mother.
>Is she a mother?
- Ea este mama?
We are in town.
>Are we in town?
- Suntem in
ora~?
0 ma~ina
It's a big car.
> Is it a big car'?
- Aceasta este
You are a good boy.
> Are you a good hoy')
-
They are big buildings.
> Are they big buildings?
- Sunt cladiri mari?
I am in the house.
> Am I in the house?
- Sunt in casa?
He is in the office.
> Js he in the officc'?
- EI este in birou?
The car is nice.
> Is the car nicc')
- Este frumoasa
E~ti
mare?
(un) Miat bun?
ma~ina?
Cfllld rrispunsulla int'rebare este ajirmativ, acesta este fonnulat cu ajutorul cuvantului yes [ies] - da, urmat de pronumele personal9i de catre verb. Substantivulfolosit in intrebare vafi inlocuit de catre pronumele personal. Iar acum unneaza diteva exemple in care raspunsul este pozitiv: E~ti
Yes, I am.
- Da.
- Este un Miat dragut?
Yes, he is.
- Da.
Are the people in the hotel?
- Oamenii sunt in hotel?
Yes, they are.
- Da.
Are they in the office?
- Ei sunt in birou?
Yes, they are.
- Da.
Are the cars white?
-
Yes, they are.
- Da.
Is the boy in the room?
- Baiatul este in camera?
Yes, he is.
- Da.
Is the girl nice?
- Este draguta fata?
Yes, she is.
- Da.
Is the house big?
- Este mare casa?
Yes, it is.
- Da.
Are you in the house?
-
Is he a nice boy?
in casa?
Ma~inile
sunt albe?
It illiocuie,~tesubstantivele ajlate la persoana a treia singulQl; daca ne referim la obiecte, animale
sau abstrac{iuni. In celelalte cazuri folosim pronumele he sau she; they inlocuie9te substantivul la plural. Raspundeti la
url11~\toarcle
intrebari:
Is it a church?
> Yes,
It
is.
--.. 'I
I
,1111
Are they in the street? Am I in the office?
t'"
Are we near Bucharest? Is she a good girl? Is the boy in the building?
>
Is the bicycle white?
> Ycs, it is.
Are the people in the restaurant?
> Yes, they are.
Yl"" he
is.
Cand raspunsul este negativ, folosim cuvantul no [nau] urmat de pronumele personal, apoi de verb, urmat de cuviintul not [not}
Sa vedem cateva exemple: e~ti
No, I am not.
- Nu.
- EI este in casa?
No, he is not.
- Nu.
- Sunt primii?
No, they are not.
- Nu.
Are you a girl?
- Tu
Is he in the house? Are they first?
fata?
Raspundeti negativ la unnatoarele propozitii dupa modelul descris anterior:
Are you a boy?
> No, I am not.
Is he in the car?
> No, he is not.
Are we near Bucharest?
> No, we are not.
Is it a big car?
> No, it is not.
Is the factory big?
> No, it is not.
Is mother in the shop?
> No, she is not.
Is the boy in the car?
> No, he is not.
Are the people nice?
> No, they are not.
"is not" se prescurteaza "isn't" [iznt], iar "are not" se prescurtcaza "aren't" [a:fnt]. "am not" de obicei se prescurteaza numai in cazul construqici "I am not" care poate fi inlocuit cu fonna prescurtata "I'1lI not". la! aClllll S[l rCpC!£11ll cxcrci\iul anll'l"JOr l(lloslI1<1 In r£lspllllS f'ormclc prcscurtatc ale vcrbului: Are you a boy?
> No, "Ill Ilot
Is he in the car?
> No, he Isn't.
Are we near Bucharest?
> No, we aren't.
Is it a big car?
> No, it isn't.
Is the factory big?
> No, it isn't.
Is mother in the shop?
> No, she isn't.
Is the boy in the car?
> No, he isn't.
Are the people nice?
> No, they aren't.
Acum unneaza cateva cuvinte cu ajutorul carora putem forma intrebari: who
>[hll:]
- cine, pe cine
who
>[ Ill!:]
what
>[Uot]
- ce
what
>[ "ot]
where
>[ UCaf]
- unde, pe unde, incotro
where
>[ Ueaf]
when
>[U en ]
- cand
when
>[ Uen]
7
In fntrebari, cuvintele interogative who, what, where, when stau fnaintea verbelol~
rar acum sa Ie vedem
~i
in propozitii interogative:
Who is it?
>[ 1m: iz it]
- Cine este?
What is it?
>[Uotizit]
- Ce este?
Where is the boy?
- Unde este Miatul?
When are you in the building?
>[Uen a: f iu: in bildin(g)]
1)/;1
Sa exersam cuvintele noi. Completati propozitiile
- Cand
Cli
e~ti
in cHidire?
pronumele interogativ corespunzator:
Unde este biserica?
- > Where ["car] is the church?
Cine este?
->Who[hu:] is it?
Ce este pe masa?
- > What ["ot] is on the table?
Folositi cuvintele noi la traduccrca urmatoarelor propozitii: Cine este [ata?
> Who is the girl'l
Ce este in cladire?
>What is in the building?
Unde este Cand
e~ti
ma~ina?
> Where is the car?
in birou?
> When arc you in the office?
Acum urmeaza cateva verbe noi. Repetati-le cu VOce tare:
to ask
>I III
.I.sk I
to live
>{ III
IIV
to want to think
- a intreba, a cere (cuiva, ceva)
to ask
>{tu a:sk]
- a trai, a locui
to live
>(tu liv]
>{ tu uontj
- a vrca, a dori
to want
>[lu " on l)
>etu Tsin(g)k]
- a gandi, a sc gilndi la
to think
>1 til T'lII(l')kj
I
La transcrierea foneticii a ultimului verb v-afi illlii/nil cu notarea grupului th, asemamitor semnului [ IY I.
/1/1
semll
!lOU,
l' 1"]. Este folosit la
Desigur nu ali uitat semnul [DZ] . Semnul [TsJ este Ioarte asemiiniitor, cu deosebirea cii nu este sonor. Se roste~te ca t, cu limba fntre din (i. In timp ce ne retragem limba dintre dinfi, pronun!iim un s. In acest caz corzile vocale nu vibreaza. to think
.8
Sa repetam verbele noi. Traduceti unnatoarele expresii in limba engleza ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie: el este
>he is
>[hi: iz]
eu vreau
> I want
>[aIUont]
ei gandesc
>they think
>[DZel TSin(g)k]
noi traim/locuim
>we live
>[Ui: liv]
tu intrebi
>you ask
>[iu: a:sk]
ei intreaba
> they ask
>[DZei a:sk]
tu e~ti
> you are
>[iu: a: r ]
ellocuie~te
> he bves
>[hi: livz]
noi vrem
>we want
>[Ui: Uont]
voi ganditi
>you think
> [iu: TSin(g)k]
Sa vedem daca ati
reu~it
Ne place sa locuim la
sa vi Ie
insu~iti.
Cititi
Bucure~ti.
~i
completati unnatoarele propozitii:
- We like to> live [liv] in Bucharest.
Cred ca vrea sa fie primul.
- 1>think [TSin(g)k] he wants to be first.
o intreb des pe Maria.
- I often >ask [a:sk] Mary.
Ea vrca sri locuiasca la
Bucure~ti.
- She >wants [Uonts] to live in Bucharest. - We >are ['lor] always there.
Suntcm intotdeauna aeola. Vrcau sa al11
0 l11a~ina.
Eu cred ca aceasta nu este
0 ~coala
buna.
- I >w.l11i
I"oldl to have a car.
- 1 >tiJlIlk
I I' 111("lk I it is a bad school.
In propozitiile atributive, cuvintele relativ-interogative who, where, when pot fi omise.
Folositi cuvintele noi in traducerea urmatoarelor propozitii:
Cred ca ii place sa locuiasca la ora~.
> I think she likes to live III town.
> [al TSin(g)k ~i: laiks tu liv in taun]
Ea vrea sa vada strada comerciala.
> She wants to see the shopping street.
>[~i:
Apoi ea vrea sa mearga la biserica.
> Then she wants to visit the church.
> [Dzen ~i: Uonts tu vizit Dza t~iLrt~]
Traim intr-o tara mare.
> We live
>[Ui: liv in
9
III
a big country.
Uonts tu si: DZa ~opin(g) stri:t]
a big kantri]
LECTIA 3 - PARTEA A DODA , In propozi~iile urmatoare ve~i intaIni un cuvant nccunoscut. Pentru inceput, sa exersam pronuntia lui: through
Citi~i
propozitiile
through
~i re~ineti
traducerea noului cuvant:
1 seldom look through the window.
- Privesc rar prin geam (pe fereastra).
through and through
- de la un capat la celalalt (de-a lungul de-a latul)
It's a through train to London.
- Accsta este un tren direct spre Londra.
It's a street for through traffic.
- Este
0
~i
strada pentru circulatie continua.
lata inca un cuvant nou: behind
>[bihaind]
>[bihaind]
behind
She's behind the building.
- Ea este in spatele cladirii.
He usually walks behind John.
- De obicei merge in urma lui John.
The office is behind the school.
- Oficiul este in spatele
~colii.
"He usually walks behind John."
Sa exersam cuvintele noi eu ajutoruf cfttorva cxcmplc. Rcpctati propozitiile
~i
fiti atcnti la
pronun~ie:
- Ea cstc in spatclc magazinului.
She is behind the shop. I know the town through
and through.
>[ainall IYal.lllll End TSru:]
1'111
- ClInosc ora~ul de la un capat la celalalt.
She sees a red car through the window.
>[~i:
You often go to the church behind the station.
>[iu: ofn gau tu DZa t~a:rt~ Qihamd DZa stei:;;n]
- Tu mergi des la biserica din spatele sta~iei.
He goes by bicycle through the town every day.
>[hi: gauz bal baisikl TSru: DZa taun evri dei]
- E1 merge cu bicicleta prin ora~ in fiecare zi.
si:z a red ka· I "ILl: DZa Uindau] 1
- Ea vede 0 ma~ina pe fereastra.
ro~ie
In prima parte a lectiei am clarificat regulile de formare a intrebarilor ~l raspunsunlor cu ajutorul verbului to be. lnversiunea nu poate fi folosita in toate cazurile de formulare a intrebarilor.
La timpul prezent, daca verbul de conjugat nu este to be, intrebarea se fonnuleaza cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar to do.
in propozifiile aflrmative intalnite pana aeum, verbul era folosit la timpul prezent simplu (the Simple Present Tense [DZa simpl prezant tens]). in propozi{iile interogative, toate verbele cu exceptia lui to be, sunt illsofite de auxiliarul verbul to do [tu du]. in aeest caz verbul to do [tu du] sta inaintea subiectului dupa care urmeaza verbul de conjugat. Sa urmarim exemplele: Verb + pronume personal +
+
verb
auxiliar
sau substantiv
Do
they
like
the town?
- Lor Ie place
Do
you
want
a car?
- Vrei 0
Do
the girls
live
in Bucharest?
- Fetele locuiesc la
ora~ul?
ma~ina? Bucure~ti?
Comparati propozitiile afinnative cu propozitiile corespunzatoare interogative ~i repetati: I like the town.
>[ai laik DZii taun]
- Imi place ora~u!.
Do I like the town?
>[du ai lalk DZa taun]
- Imi place ora~ul?
You go to the shop every day.
>1 Ill.
Do you go to [he shop every day?
'1
gdll tll
dll
III
('I'll
1',111
1)1a sop
eVIl
dC!] - Mergi la magazin in fiecare zi.
III I Va sup
dul
- Mergl la magazin in licearc zi'!
We always wait for the train.
>l"" O:I" CU
Do we always wait for the train?
>[ du "i: o:l"eiz "eit fo:[ OZa trein]
-
You often go for a walk.
>[iu: ofn gau fo:[ a "o:k]
- Mergi des la plimbare.
Do you often go for a walk?
>[ du iu: ofn gau fo:[
-
liCit 1'0:'
A~teptam
intotdeauna
trenu!.
DZa trein]
A~teptam
intotdeauna
trenul?
a "o:k]
- Mergi des la plimbare?
Transformati unnatoarele propozitii in propozitii interogative: They often go to church.
>Do they often go to church?
We seldom see the boy.
>00 we seldom see the boy?
I visit Mary every day.
>00 I visit Mary every day?
You always work in the big building.
>00 you always work in the big building?
We usually walk to work.
>00 we usually walk to work')
The boys like the town.
>00 the boys like the town'? 11
Daca in intrebare figureaza pronumele he, she, it sau un substantiv, verbul auxiliar va fi does [daz), iar verbul aflat in propozitie nu prime~te terminatia ,,-s".
~i
acum, prin intennediul exemplelor urmatoare yeti vedea cum folosim verbul auxiliar "does":
She often goes to Bucharest. >[~i: ofn gallZ tu bubrest] >[ daz ~i: ofn gall Does she often go tu bukarestJ to Bucharest? He se ldom visits Mary. Does he seldom visit Mary?
- Ea merge des la Bucurqti?
>[hi: seldam vi71ts mean] >[ daz hi: scldiill1 vint mcari] - El
0
viziteaza rar pe Maria?
Peter goes to school every day. >[pi:tar gauz tu sku:1 evri dei] >[daz pi:ta r gall tLi sku:l Does Peter go to school - Petre merge la every day? evri dei) in fiecare zi?
~coala
Ca ,~i in cazul verbului "to be ", in intrebiiri fo!oslIn ~i cuvinte interogative (" where ", "when ", etc.) care stau inaintea verbe!or auxiliare !a inceputu! propozifiei, de exemplu:
Where do you usually go in the morning?
>["ea r du iu: iu:juali gau in DZa mo:rnin(g)]
- Unde mergi de obicei dimineata?
When do you usually open the shop?
>["en du LU: iu:juali aupn D7 a ~op]
- Ciind deschizi de obicei magazinul?
What cars does she like?
>["ot ka:rz daz
When does he visit the girl?
>["en daz hi: vizll [Ya ga:'I]
- El cand viziteaza fata?
Where do they walk every day?
>["ca' du lYcl "o.k eVil dC11
- Unde se plimba (ei) in fiecare zi?
What school do you like')
>1"01 sku.1
- Ce
~i:
Ill:
lalk]
- Ce fel de
lalk]
ma~ini
~coala iti
ii plac (ei)?
place?
Completati unnatoarc!e propozitii:
John walks to work every day.
- Where >
- Unde se Jplimba Ion in ficcare zi?
They often visit the woman.
- When >do they woman?
- Ei cand viziteaza fendeia?
VISII
the
We seldom see the buildings. - What >do we seldolll see? He opens the shop in the morning.
- When >does he open the shop?
12
- Ce vedem rar? - Ciind deschide (el) magazinul?
!ntrebarea se formuleaza altfel cu ajutorul cuvfmtului who.
Constructia interogativului fonnulata cu ajutorul cuvantului "who" ("cine?") este asemanatoare cu cea a propozitiei afirmative, numai ca pronumele personal sau substantivul este inlocuit de cuvantul "who". In acest caz, verbul va fi conjugat la persoana a treia singular, deci va primi intotdeauna tenninatia ,,-s".
$i acum sa vedem ciiteva exemple in acest sens: Propozi!ie afirmativii:
Propozi!ie interogativii folosind "who":
John opens the door every day.
Who opens the door every day?
>[hu: aupnz DZa do: r evri del]
- Cine deschide in fiecare zi?
They seldom see the station.
Who seldom sees the station?
>[hu: seldam si:z DZa stel~n]
- Cine vede rar statia?
You like cars.
Who likes cars?
>[I1U: laiks ka:rz]
- Cui ii plac
u~a
ma~inile?
Formula~i
intrebari cu ajutorul cuvantului "who":
Cine vorbqte rar
Cll
> Who seldom speaks to Mary')
Maria?
Cui Ii place casa? Cine vrea sa
mcarg~l
la plimbarc?
Cine il viziteaza pe Richard III ficcarc zi?
>Wlw
lIkes Ihe !lousc'!
> WI1()
W;lliis
>WlJo
VISits 1~lchaJ(1
!() ~'()
I()I ;1
w;Jik'!
every day'!
" Dacii riispundem afirmativ la 0 fntrebare care fncepe cu do/does, atunci dupa cuvantul yes punem pronumele personal corespunziitor, apoi verbul auxiliar. in eazul raspunsurilor seurte do se pronun!a cu "u" lung.
Do you like the girl?
Yes, I do.
- Da.
Does she live in Bucharest?
Yes, she does.
- Da.
Do we go to school in the morning?
Yes, we do.
- Da.
Does he visit the woman every day?
Yes, he does.
- Da.
Does the boy like cars?
Yes, he does.
- Da.
Does mother go to work every day?
Yes, she does.
- Da.
Dacii riispunsulla fntrebare este negativ, pronumele personal se aflii dupii cuvfmtul "no ", urmat de verbul auxiliar ~i cuvantul "not ", de exemplu:
Do you like the girl?
No, I do not.
Nu.
Does she live in Bucharest?
No, she does not.
Nu.
Do we go to school in the morning?
No, we do not.
Nu.
Does he visit the woman every day?
No, he does not.
Nu.
Does the woman like Bucharest?
No, she does not.
Nu.
Fonna prescurtata a lui "do not" este "don't" [daunt], iar a lui "does not" este "doesn't [daznt].
Acum sa folosim formele prescurtate. Dati raspunsuri negative la urmatoarele intrebari: Do you like the girl?
>No, I don't.
Does she live in Bucharest?
>No, she doesn't
Do we go to school in the morning?
>No, we don't.
Does he visit the woman every day?
>No, he doesn't.
In continuare vom exersa formarea interogativului la timpul Simple Present. Traduceti in limba engleza: Unde mcrgi adesea?
> Where do you often go')
Ei
> Do they visit the woman every day?
0
viziteaza pe fcmeie In fiecare zi?
Cand mergi de obieei sa te plimbi?
> When do you usually go for a walk?
Cui Ii place sa se uite la eirculatie?
> Who likes to look at the traffic?
Deschizi des fereastra?
> Do you often open the window?
Unde este Petre?
> Where is Peter'.'
~i
> I )(WS lill' I' Iii ;lIso
fata vrea sa mearga cu trenul?
Cine 11
a~teapta
W;lllt
to go
hy train?
intotdeauna pe biilat?
Ei vad autobuzul pc fereastra?
> I )\) II\cy scc lhe bus through the window?
Cine este In cladire?
>Who
Cuno~ti
> 1)0 you know the hotel in Station Street?
hotelul din strada Garii?
IS
in thc building?
Vrei sa mergi aeolo dupa-amiaza?
> Do you want to go there in the afternoon?
Unde vrei sa mergi eu autobuzul?
> Where do you want to go by bus?
Cand vrea ea sa mearga la
Bueure~ti?
>When does she want to go to Bucharest?
> Is it an office?
Aeesta este un birou? 14
Sa continuiim cu fnviitarea exprimarii posesiei, deci cu adjectivele posesive: my
> [mail
-
meu, mea, mei, mele
your
> [ LO: f ]
-
tau, ta, Uii, tale
his
> [hiz]
her
> [ha: f ]
its
> [its]
our
> [ aua f ]
-
nostru, noastra,
no~tri,
noastre
your
> [ io: f ]
-
vashTI, voastra, dumncavoastra
vo~tri,
voastre,
their
> IIYl'I' I
-
lor
allui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale al ei/sa, a ei/sa, ai ei/sai, ale ei/sale
-
lui, sale, ei (pentru obiecte, notiuni abstracte, animale)
Polosim accs(e ./iJrme ale adjectivului posesiv atat pentru singular, cat exemplu:
~i
my shop
- magazinele mele
- magazinul meu
my shops
pentru plural, de
Cititi urmatoarele propozitii care cuprind adjective posesive. Fiti atenti la pronuntia corecta: It is my house.
>[it iz mai halls]
- Aceasta este casa mea.
Our car is red.
>[aua f ka: f iz red]
-
Your clock is nice.
>[io: f klok
- Ceasul tau este frumos.
It is a nice house.
>[it iz
Its windows are big.
>[its Uindauz a: f big]
His shops are big.
>[hiz
~l
17 IlaIS]
nais haus]
~ops
a: f big]
Ma~ina
noastra este
- Aceasta este
0
ro~ie.
casa frumoasa.
- Geamurile sale sunt mario - Magazinele lui sunt mario
stei~n
Their school is in Station Street.
> [DZel' sku:1 iz in stri:t]
Your country is big.
>[io:' kantri iz big]
- Tara voastra este mare.
It is her bicycle.
>[it iz ha:' baisikl]
- Aceasta este bicicleta ei.
-
~coala
lor este pe strada
Garii.
In limba engleza, daca se folose~te adjectivul posesiv, articolul este omis.
Completati propozitiile de mai jos cu pronumele posesiv corespunzator. Unde este
~coala
- Where is > her school?
ei?
Ea merge des in casa lui?
- Does she often go to > his house?
Tatal nostru merge la magazin in fiecare zi.
- > Our fathergoes to the shop every day.
o vizitam rar pe mama lor.
- We seldom visit> their mother.
Unde este bicicleta ta?
- Where is > your bicycle?
Acum urmeaza cuvinte noi: green
>[gri:n]
- verde
>[gri:n]
green
blue
>[blu:]
- albastru
>[blu:]
blue
short
>[~o:rt]
- scurt, mic, scund
>[~o:'t]
short
long
>[lon(g)]
- lung, indelungat, mare
>[Ion(g)]
long
Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare, articulat: I have a blue car.
>1 ,If ilLv
It's a green house.
>llls:t
I often go for a short walk.
>1,11
(l
bill: ka:']
1',11'11
(1111 !'dll
- Am
il,IlIS] lu
I d:;;U
0 ma~ina
albastra.
- Accasta este 0 casa verde. 'I
"u.k I
It's a long table.
- Adesea merg sa fac scurta.
plimbare
- Aceasta este omasa mare/lunga.
We always wait for the bus for a long time.
>[ lI i: o-I"ci/ '\'11 Ill' 1)/,1 h,IS fo:' a IOIl(~') 1.111111
- Intotdeauna a~teptam mult timp autobuzul.
Retineti urmatoarea expresie: for a long time
0
- timp indelungat, pe/pentru timp indelungatl multa vreme In limba engleza adjectivele (ca de exemplu: "big", "nice", "long", "short") nu se conjuga, forma de la plural fiind aeeea~i cu cea de singular. 16
Traduce1i in limba engleza urmatoarele propozi1ii: Nu imi place albastrul
~i
> I don't like green and blue.
verdele.
In ora~ sunt ~i strazi scurte.
> There are also short streets in the town.
Este
> There is a blue r00111
0
camera albastra in casa.
Aceasta este
the house.
> It's a long street.
strada lunga.
0
Il1
In acest ultim exercitiu al leqiei vom recapitula cuvintele noi ~i gramatica. Treceti la rezolvarea temei doar daca efectuati acest exercitiu tara gre~eIi ~i credeti ca ati reu~it sa va insu~iti materialuI. Traduceti in limba engleza: Tara voastra este mare?
> Is your country big?
Nu avem timp sa vizitam fetele.
> We have no time to visit the girls.
Unde locuiqti?
> Where do you live?
Merg des la
Bucure~ti
In spatele statiei este
0
pentru
0
> I often go to Bucharest for a day.
zi.
~coala.
> There is a school behind the station.
Unii oameni merg seara la plimbare?
> Do some people go for a walk in the evening?
Cine intra de obicei primul in cladire?
> Who usually enters the building first?
Pe masa este un ccas frumos.
> There is a nice clock on the table.
Mama noastra crede ca suntem in casa.
>Our mother thinks we are in the house.
Imi place S~l vorbesc cu mama lui.
> I like to speak to his mother.
Sunt eateva orologii mari in Cand a
a~tepti
>There are some big clocks in the town.
ora~.
> When do you wait for your mother?
pc mama ta?
Ce este?
>What is it?
ered ca este un hotel dragut.
> I think it's a nice hotel.
Mama ei se uita des pe fereastra.
> Her mother often looks through the window.
Mamele lor sunt in
>Their mothers are in town.
ora~.
In ora~ este un trafic permanent.
> There is through tranlc
III
tile town.
Urmeaza un exercitiu de pronuntie. Literele at1ate in aceea~i colmma scrise ingro~at desemneaza accla~i sunet: [all
[ei]
[a: ]
[au]
[11 J
nice
day
car
know
school
time
table
are
window
you
five
wait
afternoon go
blue
like
railway
ask
through
white
they
side behind
two
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 3 , A.
Reguli gramaticale 3.1.
Nu se foloseste articolul inaintea cuvantului "town" daca ~tim precis despre care ora~ este Yorba, de exemplu: We often go to town.
3.2.
- Mergem des in
Ati observat mai devreme ca particula "to" precede verbulla modul infinitiv, insa ea se mai folose~te ~i pentro a indica directia, (traducfmdu-se prin "la", "spre", "catre") sau pentro introducerea unor prepozitii. I usually go there to visit the boy.
3.3.
3.5.
- De obicei rna due acolo sa vizitez baiatul.
Nu folosim articol inaintea cuvantului "mother" daca ~tim precis despre cille este yorba: Mother is in the room.
3.4.
ora~.
- Mama este in camera.
Cuvantul "for" poate fi folosit atat cu verbe, cat ~i cu substantive: a~tepta
to wait for
-a
for a day
- pentro
to go for a walk
- a merge la plimbare
to look for
- a cauta
for a long time
- timp indelungat, multa vreme
0
(pe cineva) zi
Intrebari ~i raspunsuri cu verbul "to be" la timpul prezentul simplu (Simple Present): 3.5.1. Fonnulam intrebarea cu ajutorol verbului "to be" inversancl ordinea propozitiei afinnative, deci substantivul sau pronumelc personal schimba locul cu verbul. Acest procedeu se nume~te inversiune: She is a girl.
- Is she" girl"
The boys arc nice.
- Arc Ihl.' boys nice?
3.5.2. Daca dam un raspuns afirmativ, allinci propozitia incepe cu "yes", unnat de pronumele personal ~i verb. Slibslan(ivul care figureaza in intrebare va fi inlocuit cu pronumele personal corcspllnzator: Is she a girl?
- Yes, she is.
Is the boy in the office?
- Ycs, he is.
3.5.3. In cazul negatiei cuvantul "no" este urmat de pronumele personal, verb ~i cuvfmtul "not": Is she in the office?
- No, she is not.
3.5.4. "is not" sepoate prescurtaca"isn't", iar "are not" ca "aren't". Forma "am not" nu se prescurteaza. Doar fonna "I'm not" poate fi folosita in locullui "I am not". 3.5.5. In intrebari care cer un raspuns descriptiv, pronumele interogative stau la inceputul propozitiei: 1Q
What is it? 3.6.
- Ce este aceasta?
Intrebari ~i raspunsuri la timpul Simple Present: 3.6.1. Formulam intrebarea eu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare "do" sau "does" care sunt unnate de un pronume personal sau substantiv ~i apoi de verb. Verbul nu se conjuga. "does" se folose~te in cazul persoanei a treia singular, in rest folosim "do": Do you like the girl?
- Does he visit Mary every day?
3.6.2. Cuvintele interogative "what", "where", "when" stau inaintea verbelor auxiliare "do/does": When does she go to work? 3.6.3. Construetia intrebalilor care ineep eu "who" este identiea eu eea a propozitiilor afinnative, cu deosebirea ca in locul pronumelui personal sau al substantivului sta cuvantul "who". Vcrbul se afla intotdeauna la persoana a treia singular, deci prime~te tenninatia "s": Who looks through the window? 3.6.4. Daca dam un raspuns afinnativ la 0 intrebare care incepe eu "do/does" atunci raspunsul incepe ell "yes" fiind unnat de pronumele personal ~i de verbul auxiliar: Yes, I do. :1. (1.5
Yes, he does.
R:lspunsu I llcgativ incepc cu "no", apoi unneaza pronumele personal ~i verbul auxiliar ~i sc lumina ell "not": No, I do not.
No, he does not.
3.6.6. "do not" se prescurteaza "don't", iar "does not" se prescurteaza "doesn't": No, we don't. 3.7.
No, she doesn't.
Adjectivele posesive: my - meu, mea, mei, mele your - tau, ta, tai, tale
his her its
our - nostru, noastra, no~tri, noastre your - vostru, voastra, vo~tri, voastre, dUl11itale, dumneavoastra thclr - lor
- allui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale - ei, sau, sa, sai, sale -lui, sale, ei (pentm obiectc, notiuni abstracte, animale)
3.7.1. Adjectivele posesive It is my chair. They are my chairs.
19
nu-~i
sehimba fonna la plural: - (Acesta) este scaunul meu. - (Acestea) sunt scaunele mele.
3.7.2. In eazul folosirii pronumelor posesive nu punem artieolinaintea substantivului: He often visits his mother. 3.8.
B.
- EI
0
viziteaza des pe mama sa.
In limba engleza adjeetivele, ea de exemplu: "big", "niee", "Iong", "short" nu se aeorda in gen ~i numar eu substantivul detenninat. It's a nice boy.
- Este un baiat dragut.
The boys are nice.
- Baietii sunt draguti.,
Pronuntia 3.9.
Pronuntia grupului de sunete [TS], eorespunzatoare lui "th", este asemanatoare eu pronuntia eomplexului de sunete [D Z ], eu deosebirea ea primul nu este sonor. [TS] se rostc~te ea "t" eu limba intre dinti. In timp ee ne retragem limba dintre dinti, pronuntam un "s". In aeest eaz eorzile voeale nu vibreaza: think through
3.10. In raspunsurile seurte "do" se pronunta eu "u" lung [du:]
20
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 3 Rezolvati exercitiile A.
B.
C.
~i
trimiteti-le spre corectare.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana: 1.
I think he wants to be first at work.
2.
There is a big building behind the station.
3.
Where does his mother work?
4.
The girl wants to visit Bucharest.
5.
Who often sees your mother?
6.
Are the clocks on the table in the room?
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: ora~
1.
Cred ca ea vrea sa locuiasca intr-un
fmmos.
2.
Unde vor sa mearga baietii seara?
3.
a roaga pe mama sa sa mearga la plimbare.
4.
A~tepti
5.
Cand merge ea de obicei la biserica?
6.
Cui ii place sa viziteze hoteluri Ie?
des trenul?
Urmatoarele propozi(ii sunt
gre~ite.
Serieti-le corect:
I.
I orten goes to the school behind the station.
2.
Where do he wants to live?
3.
I usually go to school in afternoon.
4.
We also are in her big house.
5.
He often want to go by bus.
21
LECTIA 4 ,
PARTEA INTAI
Vom invata acum alte cuvinte noio Cititi-le ~i straduiti-va sa Ie pronuntati cat mai corect. hour
>[aua r]
- ceas, (ora)
minute
>[minit]
- minut
father
>[fa:Dza r]
- tata
chair
>[ t~carJ
- scaun
today
>[tadei]
- azi, (astazi)
six o'clock
> [siks aklok]
- ora
the second
>[DZa sekand]
- al doilea
square
>[ skUea']
- piata
statue
>[ stEtiu:]
- statuie
~ase
Repetati aceste cuvinte in alta ordine: father
>[fa:DzarJ
- tata
square
>[ skUea']
- piata
hour
>[ aua']
- ceas, (ora)
six o'clock
>[ siks aklok]
- ora
statue
>[stElill:l
- statuic
chair
>lls\o:\' I
- seaun
the sccond
°11 )/"
sd.;llld
I
~asc
- al doilea
today
--II;lIk/l
- azi, (astazi)
minute
>lllIillill
- minut
>[all aua']
- 0
Important! an hour
ora
Aici nu "a", ci "an" [an] sUi inaintea lui "hour", deoarece pronun!ia cuvantului incepe cu 0 vocala: [aua'] .
Cititi urmatoarele propozitii
~i
fiti atenti la traducerea lor:
It's six 0' clock in the morning.
>[ its siks aklok in D Z:'! mo:rnin(g)]
- Este ora ~ase dimineata.
There's a statue in the square.
>[DZea'z a stEtiu: Z III D :'! skUea r ]
- In piata este
There are some chairs in the room.
>[DZea' a:' sam in DI[( ru:m]
1 wait for the bus five minutes every day.
>[ al "cit fo:' DZa bas faiv minits evri dei]
- In fiecare zi a~tept autobuzul cinci minute.
The second car is red.
>[ Dl[( sekand ka: r iz red]
- A doua
We seldom go to town for one hour.
>[U 1: seldam gau tu taun fo:' "an aua']
- Raeori mergem In pentru 0 ora.
t~ea'z
0
statuie.
- In camera sunt diteva scaune.
ma~ina este ro~ie. ora~
Traduceti cuvintele noi in limba engleza: >today
aZl
>square scaun
>chair
ora
>six o'clock
~ase
al doilca
>thc sccone!
minut
>milllllc
tata statuic
>statlJC
ora
>hour
Inainlca cuvantului ,,father" nu folosim articolul, ca si in cazul eu vfllllU lui "mother".
Iar acum vom forma propozitii folosind cuvintele noi. Traduceti propozitiile In limba engleza verificati rczolvarea: Al doilea autobuz merge in piata?
> Does the second bus go to the square?
EI are un scaun albastru.
> He has a blue chair.
Intotdeauna 0 a~tept pe Maria cinci minute.
0
ora ~i
> I always wait for Mary one hour and five minutes.
Este ora ~ase seara.
>It's six o'clock in the evening.
Statuia este in piata?
> Is the statue in the square?
~i
Am invatat deja aproape toate numeralele de la unu la zece. Acum Ie vom completa cu numeralele care lipsesc. one
> [U an ]
-unu
SIX
> [siks]
-
~ase
two
> [tu']
- doi
seven
> [sevn]
-
~apte
three
>[TSli:]
- trei
eight
> [elt]
- opt
four
>[fO:f]
- patru
nme
> [nam]
-naua
five
>[falv]
- cinci
ten
> [ten]
- zece
Pentru a vi Ie
insu~i,
cititi cu voce tare urmataarele randuri de cifre:
1-2-3
one-twa-three
4-5-6
four-five-six
> [fa: f falv siks]
7-8-9-10
seven-eight-nine-ten
> [sevn elt nam ten]
Traduceti unnataarele cifre in limba engleza. Fiti atenti la pronuntie!
2-4-6-8
> twa-faur-six -eight
1-3-5-7
> ane-three-five-seven
1-2-9-10
> one-two-nine-ten
3-1-6-9
> three-one-six-nine
10-8-3-6
> ten-clght-thrcc-six
CunosC(]nd acum ciJrele, vam lnviifa cuvintele necesare pentrll exprilllare(/ orei. lata cliteva: half
>Iklll
past
:-- II ).1
half an hour
>1 Ii.l I
half past one
>llw·l"p
.J
- jumatate
I .III
- trccut (de);
~i
- jumatate de ora
all,l'l
- unu
~i
jumatate
Observa{i ca In limba engleza exprimarea lui unu ~i jumatate: (half past one) ar lnsemna, printr-o traducere cuvant cu cuvant, "cu jumatate de ora trecut de ora unu ". Expresia o'clock apare In propozifie cand ne referim la orejixe.ln alte situafii nufolosim aeest euvant. Atunei eand menfionam ora $i minutulnu este obligatoriu safolosim $i cuvantul minute. Dadi vrem sa spunem ea la 0 anumita ora se lntampla ceva, folosim prepozitia at lllaintea orei respective: la
~apte
la zece
- at seven - at ten
0' clock
0' clock
in vorbirea eurenta adeseori se lIeglijeaza euvantul a' clock.
$i acum sa vedem toate acestea in propozitii:
- Este ora
It's ten past six. I usually go to school at seven in the morning. She thinks it's nine
0' clock.
0' clock
~ase ~i
zece minute.
- De obicei merg Ia ~apte dimineata.
~coala
Ia ora
- Ea crede ca este ora noua.
My train is at half past two.
- Trenul meu este la doua
It's nine.
- Este ora noua.
~i
jumatate.
Nu uitali cii ill lilli/ill el/,l!,/e::;u /Jro/JOzitiile de tipul Este ora zece incep cu cuvantul it: It is ten. in leclia anterio(/l"ii till josf illfroduse cu riispunsurile scurte care se dau la timpul Prezentul Simplu (Simple Presclll). Acum vom vedea cum se jormeazii negafia en cazul riispunsurilor dezvo Ita te.
I'm not in the office.
- Nu sunt in birou.
You aren't a father.
- Tu nu
She isn't in the building.
- Ea nu este in cladire.
He isn't in the square.
- El nu este in piata.
It isn't a chair.
- Acesta nu este un scaun.
We aren't in Bucharest.
- Nu suntem in
You aren't first.
- Nu
They aren't nice.
- Ei nu sunt draguti.
e~ti
e~ti
tata.
Bucure~ti.
primul.
In acele propozitii [n care nu folosim verbul to be situatia este asemanatoare. Nu uitati ca not sta dupa verbul auxiliar, iar verbul nu prime~te terminafia -so Observati propozi!iile de mai jos: I don't like blue.
- Nu-mi place albastrul.
You do not usually go to work in the evening.
- Tu nu mergi de obicei seara la serviciu.
He does not know Mary.
- Nu
She doesn't see her father.
- Ea nu-I vede pe tatal ei.
We don't often visit our mother.
- Nu
You don't go for a walk every day.
- Nu mergi in fiecare zi la plimbare.
0 cunoa~te
0
pe Maria.
viziUim des pe mama noastra.
Sa vedem ~i restul exemplelor, de data aceasta in exercitii. Completati propozitille formeIe scurte de negare: Ea nu vrea sa mearga la plimbare. ma~inile.
- We> don't like cars.
Nu sunt In
ora~.
- I> am not in town.
a~tept.
- I > don't want to wait.
Acesta nu este trenul meu. Nu Ie place sa mearga la
folositi
- She> doesn't want to go for a walk.
Nu ne plac
Nu vreau sa
~i
~coala.
- It > isn't my train.
- They> don't like to go to school.
Nu este mama lui.
- She> isn't his mother.
Nu iti place tatal meu.
- You>
(1011'1
like my father.
Traduceti urmatoareJc propozilii In limb:! englez:!: Nu imi place tatal lui.
.>
El nu sunt in casa.
> Illl"v
Ea nu este in strada.
>Sllc' Isn't in the street.
El nu vrea
ma~ina.
I d'"I'1 like ~lIen 't
IllS
father.
in the house.
> lie doesn't want the car.
Aceasta nu este casa lor.
> It Isn't their house.
Nu 0 vizitam pe mama ei in fiecare zi.
>We don't visit her mother every day.
EI nu este un baiat dragut.
>He isn't a nice boy.
Daca In Intrebarefolosim verbul to have (a avea), utilizam inversiunea (schimbarea locurilor) lafel ca ~i [n cazul verbului to be. in cursul negatiei cuvantul not se leaga de verbul have/has.
Sa vedem exemplele: 0 ma~ina.
I have a car.
- Am
Have you a car?
- Ai
Yes, I have.
- Da (am).
No, I have not.
- Nu (nu am).
She has a nice house.
- Ea are
Has she a nice house?
- (Ea) are
Yes, she has.
- Da.
No, she has not.
- Nu.
ma~ina?
0
casa frumoasa. 0
casa frumoasa?
"have not" se prescurteazii "haven't" [hEvnt], iar "has not" se prescurteazii "hasn't" l hEznt].
$i in propozitiile afirmative se potfolosiforme prescurtate de negare: I haven't a car.
- Nu am
She hasn't a house.
- Ea nu are casa.
ma~ina.
Propozifia I haven't a car are aceea~i semnificafie ca ~i propozifia I have no car. Varianta din urmii exprimii insii mai accentuat acela~i lucru. In exercitiul urmator comp1etati propozitiile eu fonnele interogative sau afirmative eorespunzatoare: Ai un restaurant? Nu am
ma~ina
- > Have you a restaurant? - I > haven't a big car.
mare.
Nu au tata.
- They> haven't a father.
Ai timp?
- > Have you time?
Ea nu arc bicickta.
- She> Iwsll't a bicycle.
Baiatul are un ceas?
->
11~\s
the boy a clock?
Aeum urmeaza alte euvinte noi. Pentru inceplit cllvantlll "into" I illill J eare inseamna "in", "spre", "inspre", "eu". Repetati:
into
[iutu]
- into
[intu]
in propozifie cuvantul into stii dupii verb, de exemplu: to go into They always go first into the house.
- a intra undeva >[DZei o:IUeiz gau fa:rst intu DZa haus] ?7
- Ei merg intotdeauna prima data in easa.
Cititi cu voce tare unnatoarele propozitii
~i
observati semnificatia cuvintelor noi:
This car is red.
>[DZis ka:'
lZ
red]
That girl is nice.
>[ DZEt ga:'] iz nats]
- Fata aeeea este draguta.
These people are in the building.
>[DZi:z pi:pl a:' DZa bildin(g)]
- Oamenii ace~tia sunt in cladire.
Those boys like to go by train.
>[DZauz b01Z lalk tu gall bal trezn]
-
lJ1
Ma~ina
aceasta este
ro~ie.
- Aeelor baieti Ie place sa mearga eu trenul.
APROAPE (aici)
DEPARTE (aeolo)
singular
this >[JYis I
that >LD'Et]
plural
these >[IYi:z]
those >[D'i111Z]
Pronumele ~i adjectivele demonstrative this, that, these, those rae posibilii stabilirea preeisii a persoanelor sau a altor substantive. Nu uitafi: dacii 0 persoanii sau un obieet sunt aproape de noi, atunei folosim pronumele demonstrativ this (singular) sau these (plural). Daeii persoana sau obieetul sunt departe de noi, atuneifolosim la singularpronumele .Ji adjeetivul demonstrativ that, iar la plural pronumele .Ji adjeetivul demonstrativ those. this
>[ Dlis]
- acesta, aeeasta
these
>[ DZi:z]
-
that
>[DlEt]
- acela, aeeea
those
>[DZauz]
- aeela
ace~tia,
Cu ajutorul tabclului de mai sus introdueeti in propozitie pronumcle corespunzfltor.
~i
acestea
adjcctivele demonstrative
is a nice clock.
Acesta este un ccas frumos.
- .'-' I III'.
Masa aeeea este alba?
- Is>
Aceasta este mama lui.
->
Tu cand deschizi de obicei ferestrele acestea?
- When do you usually open> these windows?
Cui ii plae fetele aeelea?
- Who likes> those girls?
. Cred ea este autobuzul acela.
111.11
IIII~,
table white?
is his mother.
- I think it's> that bus.
Ei merg adesea in aeest hotel.
- They often go to > this hotel.
Scaunele aeelea sunt verzi?
- Are> those chairs green?
Le plae aeeste
ora~e?
- Do they like> these towns?
28
Ati
reu~it
sa invatati toate pronumele? Daca nu, repetati inca 0 data partea corespunzatoare a lee\iei.
In limba englcza sunt doua cuvinte al caror inteles este asemanator. Observati deosebirile dintre aceste cuvinte: home
>[haum]
- casa, tara, locuinia, camin
house
>[haus]
- easa
Cuwilltlll home poate fi intililit ill diferite expresii:
>l J:t
at home to
1',0
home
h,IUl11]
- aeasa (unde?)
>1 tll gall hilum]
- a merge acasa
Propozitii exemplificative: He likes to be at home.
- Lui ii place sa fie acasa.
When do you usually go homc'}
- De obicei ciind mergi acasa?
There are five rooms in this house.
- In aeeasta casa sunt cinci eamere.
It's a big house.
- Aceasta este
Cuvalltul at se
fllt6fl1e~te
casa mare.
In mai l11Ulte expresii.
at six o'clock at
0
- la ora ~ase
home
- acasa
at school
-b
to look at
- a privi, a se uita la ceva
at work
- la lueru
at first
- la illeeput, pentru inccput
In accast~1
~coala
Icqie vom 11lai inva\a doar trei verbe noi. Cititi-Ie eu voce tare:
to thank (fol)
- a multumi (pcntru eeva)
to write (to)
>jIll 1:1111
- a serie (cuiva)
>[ tu
to take
>[tuktkj
- a lua, a prinde
>(tu teik]
Repetati cuvintele
~i
fait]
traducC\i-1c In Jimba englezii:
a serie (cuiva)
>to write (to)
a lua, a prinde
>to take
a multumi pentru ceva
>to thank (for)
Observati cd semnificatia cuvantului you poate ji pe dumneavoastrii.
~i:
tie, voua, dumneavoastra, pe tine, pe voi,
Tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Iti multumese pentru aeeasta ma~ina.
>Thank you for this car.
Ea ii serie des Mariei.
> She often writes to Mary.
De obieei
i~i
due eartile la
~eoala.
>Thcy usually take their books to school.
Dadi verbul thank (for) se ajla la persoana illtai singular, atunci nu este precedat de pronumele personal r.
Cititi urmatoarele propozitii
~i
fiti atenti la sensullor in limba romana:
>[ it teiks an alia' III gau Mum]
- Ii ia 0
I usually take a bus to work.
>[ al iu :jual i ua:[k]
- De obieei ma due la lueru eu autobuzul.
It takes some time.
>[it telks sam lann]
- Iti ia eeva timp.
He takes you for a driver.
>[ hi: teiks Ill: fo:[ a dralvii.']
- EI te ia drept
It takes an hour to go home.
lei k
ora sa ajunga
acasa.
a bas tu
~ofer.
In ultima propozitie semnifieatia verbului "take" poate fi interpretata in felul urmator: to take (...) for... .
- a lua dreptJa eonsidera/a eonfunda eu
Cu urmatorul exereitiu puteti eontrola daea v-ati insu~it euvintele noi Tradueeti propozitiile de mai jos in limba engleza:
~i
regulilc gramatieale.
Elmcrgc intotdcauna eu al doilea autobuz. Ea are ccas In camera ei?
'11.,'.
',1"
,1,1\1\ kill Ilel
room?
Cind ii serie el tatalui sau'!
·''vVII\'II IIm's he
Ei merg la lueru la ora naua diminca\a.
:. III\'Y
Cine vrea sa mearga aeasa?
>WIIO wants to go home?
l[nde merg
aee~tia
oamenii eu aeest autobuz?
WrIte
to his father?
go to work at nine in the morning.
>Whcl c do these people go by this bus?
Fetele aeelea a~teapta intotdeauna aeeasta ma~ina.
>TllOSC girls always wait for this car.
E~ti
> Are you at home at half past nine?
aeasa la noua
~i
jumatate?
Dureaza 0 ora pana ii serie Mariei. (are nevoie de 0 ora)
>It takes an hour to write to Mary.
Unde sunt ei?
>Where are they?
Strazile acestea sunt lungi?
>Are these streets long?
30
Mama
~i
tatal1ui sunt la serviciu toata ziua.
iti mu1tumesc pentru aceasta bicicleUi.
> Thank you for this bicycle.
El ia intotdeauna autobuzul ace1a.
> He always takes that bus.
Nu Ie place sa mearga in aceasta piata.
> They don't like to go to this square.
Azi vreau sa mcrg 1a p1imbare.
> Today 1 want to go for a walle
in aceasta camera sunt cateva scaunc.
> There arc some chairs in this room.
EI nu are timp sa vorbeasca eu mama lui.
> He hasn't time to speak to his mother.
i
I
I
> His mother and father are at work for a day.
LECTIA 4 - PARTEA A DOVA , In aceasta parte a leqiei vom recapitula cele invatate pfma acum. Repetati cu voce tare urmatoarele propozitii: Silabele accentuate sunt tiparite
ingro~at:
Peter:
Where is the driver?
Mary:
He's there, behind that bus. Do you see?
Peter:
I think it isn't the driver. He's behind this big building.
Barbara:
Have you time for a walk?
John:
No, I haven't. I want to take these green chairs and clocks to the school.
Mary:
Are the boys in the shop?
Tom:
No, they aren't. This shop is for girls.
Barbara:
Where is she?
Peter:
In the shopping street. She usually waits for her mother in the shopping street.
Barbara:
I think she's at home.
Mari;
Do you want to write to your father?
John:
No, it isn't a good time to write.
Tom:
Where is her father?
Barbara:
Where do you think he is?
Tom:
He's at school at three every day.
Barbara:
[Ie isn't there today. [Ie is in the restaurant. Ilc has a table near the window.
Mary:
It's good to be at homc.
Peter:
No, I don't. I usually work in the ofl'ice.
John:
It's half past five. Do you want to speak to their father?
Barbara:
He is usually at home at six in the evening.
Mary:
Have you a big white car?
Tom:
Yes, I have. It's behind the house.
Mary:
I think it isn't. Your car is near the white entrance.
Peter:
Who wants to speak to my father?
Barbara:
The two girls in the big blue car.
32
1)0
you often work at home?
Mary:
When I look through the window I always see those boys in the street.
John:
Have they a blue car?
Mary:
Yes, they have.
John:
Then they are Tom and Peter.
Tom: Barbara:
Do you often see her mother? We visit her mother every day. Our mother and father are also there. We usually take a through train to Bucharest.
In ultimul exercitiu alleqiei putem recapitula din nou cele invatate. Incepeti rezolvarea temei doar dupa ce ati rezolvat acest exercitiu rara gre~eli: Cand merg la Bucure~ti vizitez intotdeauna aceasia piata ~i ma uit la aceasta statuie.
>When I go to Bucharest I always visit this square and look at this statue.
Scaunul meu este in camera a doua.
>My chair is in the second room.
Intotdeauna merg acasa cu autobuzul.
> I always go home by bus.
Cand rna uit pe fereastra vad acele magazine de pe strada comerciala.
> When I look through the window 1 see those shops in the shopping street.
Este ora trei
~i
opt minute.
>It's eight (minutes) past three.
EI vrea sa scrie azi mamei sale. De obicei il Vezi
a~teapta pe
ma~inile
> He wants to write to his mother today.
tatal lor acasa.
acelea albastre?
>They usually wait for their father at home. > Do you see those blue cars')
Unde merge el seara?
> Where does he go in the evening?
Mergi la plimbare in fiecare zi?
> Do you go for a walk every day')
Maria deschide magazinul sau la ora opt dimineata.
> Mary opens her shop ;iI"ighl III the morning.
Drumul pana acasa durcaza
>11
0
orr\.
1;lkl'~ ,III Illlm III
go home.
Uncle trclluri sunl trcnuri dircclc.
> Sll Illl'
Acestc strazi sunt
>Thcse streets arc for through traffic.
e\I
circula\ic continua.
11';11 ns
arc through trains.
Crezi ca cl cstc acolo'l
>Do you think he's there?
Nu, el nu estc acolo.
> No, he isn't there.
Nu avem timp sa vorbim cu tine.
> We haven't time to speak to you.
Cine crede ca aceasta cladire este frumoasa?
> Who thinks this building is nice?
Sunt doua ceasuri in aceasta camera.
> There are two clocks in this room.
Acest tren intra intotdeauna dimineata in gara?
> Does this train always go into the station in the morning?
11
Locuiese in spatele aeelui blue eli apartamente.
> I live behind that apartment builcling
Cuno~ti
> Do you know those shopping streets?
aeele strazi comereiale?
Cred ca el vrea sa viziteze aeest turn.
> r think he wants to visit this tower.
Intotdeauna II a~tept catva timp.
> I always wait for him for some time.
Nu imi plac baietii aceia.
> I don't like those boys.
Repetati urmatoarele cuvinte. Literele scrise sunet.
ingro~at,
acela~i
[u: ]
[ei'i']
[i]
[IS]
you
chair
live
three
blue
square
minute
thank
two
where
visit
through
there
think
34
aflate in
aeeea~i
:
coloana, desemneaza
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 4 , 4.1.
4.2.
Folosim prezentul simplu (Simple Prezent) daca este yorba de 0 actiune obi~nuita sau care se repeta sistematico Pentru aceasta utilizam urmatoarele complemente de timp: always
- i'ntotdeauna
often
- des
seldom
- rar
usually
- de obicei
every (day, morning ... )
- in fiecare (zi, dimineata ...)
Definirea timpului se face in felul unnator: 4.2. I. In engleza "unu ~i jumatate" este "halfpast one", care tradus cuvant cu cuvant inseamna "cu jumatate de ora trecut de ora unu": It's half past ten.
- Este zece
~i
jumatate.
4.2.2. Cuvantul"o' clock" se folose~te doar daca ne referim la ore fixe. In celelalte situatii acest cuvant nu se folose~te: It's seven o'clock.
- Este ora
~apte.
In vorbirca curenta nu este necesara folosirea cuvantului "o'clock" nici macar pentru orele fixe. It's seven.
- Este ora
~apte.
4.2.3. In comunicarea timpului, cuvantul "minute" poate fi omis: It's five (minutes) past two.
- Este doua
~i
cinci minute.
4.2.4. Daca vrem sa spunem ca la 0 anumita ora se intampla ceva, atunci inaintea orei respective se pune prepozitia "at": at six 4.3.
4.4.
- la
~ase
Forml'le de negare prezentate in leqia a treia pot fi utilizate
~i
in propozitii i'ntregi:
He isn't al homc.
- EI nu este acasa.
I don't likc you.
- Nu-mi place de tine.
Daca [()l"IlIulalll Itllrebarea ell vcrbul ,,10 havc", utiliz[uTI inversiunca (schimbarea ordinii in propozi!ic). Negatia sc (llmeazil lcgand dc vcrbul ,,10 havc" cuvantul "not"; "have not" se prescurleaza "havcn 't", iar "has not", "hasn'I". Have you a car?
- Yes, 1 haye. - No, I haven't.
4.4.1. Fonnele de negare pot fi folosite scurte. She hasn't a car.
~i
in propozitii i'ntregi, deci nu numai in raspunsuri
- Ea nu are
ma~ina.
4.5.
4.6.
Pronume demonstrative: APROAPE
DEPARTE
singular
this (acesta)
that (acela)
plural
these (acestea)
those (acelea)
In limba engleza cuvantul "house" inseamna "casa", iar "home" inseamna "patrie", "casa", "camin". 4.6.1. Cuvantul "home" poate fi intalnit ~i in anumite expresii:
4.7.
4.8.
at home
- acasa (raspunde la intrebarea "unde?")
to go home
- a merge acasa
Cuvantul "at" se intalne~te in mai multe expresii: - la ora
at home
- acasa (unde?)
at school
- la
to look at
- a se uita la ceva
at work
- la serviciu
at first
- pentru prima oara
~coala
Nu uitati ca "you" poate semnifica ~i: "tie", "iti", "ti", "dumitale", "durnneavoastra", "voua", "pc tine", "pe dumneata", "pe dumneavoastra", "pe voi", de exemplu: I likc you.
4.9.
~ase
at six
- Imi place de tine.
Daca verblll "thank" (Iilr) se alla la persoana Intfli singular atunci nu folosim pronume!E personal ,,1" : Thank you for the car.
- Mliitumese pentru
ma~ina.
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 4 Rezolvati exercitiile
A.
f
~.
B.
C.
~i
trimiteti-Ie pentru verificare.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana: I.
Do you think she wants to be there at first?
2.
It isn't a nice day to go for a walk to that square.
3.
I don't often see Mary at work.
4.
It takes half a day to go to Bucharest by car.
S.
She hasn't time to visit her mother and father in the evening.
6.
Who is the woman in the window?
Traducqi urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: ~coala.
I.
Dc ohicci dimineata merg la
2.
In ficcarc scarf! la ~apte ~i jumatate lucram acasa.
3.
Baiatul aeda
4.
Acest scaun sc alla In spatelc aeestei mese albe.
S.
Aveti CillCi minute sa sla\i de yorba cu mine?
6.
Nu vreau sa
0
1111 ~tie
ca eu nu am
ma~ina.
vizitez pc kmcia aceasta.
Urmatoarele propozitii sunt
grc~ite.
Scrieti-le corect:
1.
It's nice to sec those nice boy at work.
2.
Does he goes hOl1le at six
3.
Who want
4.
Do you be in Bucharest today?
S.
The table isn't blue, they are red.
(0
0' clock
go by train?
in the evening?
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 3 SI , , 4 afternoon
> [a:ftarnu :nJ
- dupa-amiaza
in the afternoon
>[in D'i a:ftafnu:nJ
- dupa-amiaza (dnd?)
to ask
> [tu a:skJ
- a intreba, a cere (cuiva, ceva), a ruga (pe cineva)
to ask for
>[tu a:sk fo:'J
- a cere a intreba de
at
> [EtJ
- la
at five o'clock
> [Et falv aklokJ
- la ora cinci
at work
>[Et ua:rkJ
- la serviciu
behind
> [billa ll1d J
- in unna, in spate, indaratul, dupa
big
> [bigJ
- mare, voluminos, masiv
blue
>[blu:J
- albastru
chair
> [t~ea'J
- scaun
clock
>[klokJ
- ceas, orologiu
o'clock
> [aklokJ
- (de exemplu 6) ora fixa
country
> [kantriJ
- tara, stat
day
> [deiJ
- Zl
for a day
>[fo:radeiJ
- pentru
eight
> [eitJ
- opt
father
> [fa: D'a'J
- taUI
first
:- 11.1 'sll
- prim, i'nlai, primul, pentru pri ilia oara
at first
>11-11.1'''11
- la i'nccput, intaia data, mai intai
for
>[lo.'J
- pcntru
four
>[fo:rJ
- patru
girl
> [ga:rlJ
- fata
green
> [gri:nJ
- verde
half
> [ha:f]
- jumatate
half an hour
> [ha:f an auarJ
- 0
her
> [ba: f]
- (adj. posesiv) ei, sa, sale
his
> [hiz]
- (adj. posesiv) lui, sau, ii, -i
home
> [baum]
- camin, casa
at home
> [Et haUtn]
- acasa
38
0
zi, (timp de)
0
zi
jumatate de ora
r--
hour
> [aua']
- ceas, ora
into
> [intu]
- in (arata mi~carea), spre, inspre
its
> [its]
- lui, sale, ei (pentru obiecte, notiuni abstracte, animale)
to live
>[tu liv]
- a trai, a exista, a loeui
long
> [lon(g)]
- lung, prelung, de durata, prelungit
minute
> [minit]
- minut, clipa, moment
mother
> [maDZa']
- mama
my
> [mail
- Ineu, mea, mei, mele
nIce
> [nais]
- placut, frumos, dragut, simpatic, agreabil
t1lne
> [nain]
- noua
no
> [nau)
- nu; nici un, nici a
on
> [on]
- pe, la, in
one
> [" an ]
- unu
our
> [auar]
- nostru, noastra,
past
>]pa:st)
- (care a ) trecut, ~i (In exprimarea orei)
people
> [pi:pl]
- oameni
the second
>
seven
> [~CVII]
short
>
SIX
> [siks]
-
some
> I sam]
- ceva, cativa, cateva,
[[Y[\
sekcllltil
[~o: 't]
no~tri,
noastre
- al doilea -
~apte
- scurt, scund ~ase
ni~te
- unii, unele statue
> 1·c,II':lJu:]
- statuie
square
> 1 sk"ea']
- piata
table
:> I Ie/hi
- masa
to take
:>
to take (...) for
> 1111 leik fa:']
I
11\1 I\'/k I
- a lua, a imprumuta (de la) - a lua drept, a eonfunda eu - a considera
ten
> [Iell]
- zeee
to thank (for)
> [Ill T S I~n(g)k]
- a multumi (pentru ceva)
that
> [[YEt]
- acela, aceea,
their
> [Old]
- lor
39
~a;"aceast::r'
these
>[Dzi:z]
-
to think
>[tu TSm(g)k]
- a gandi, a se gandi la
this
>[DZis]
- acesta, aceasta
those
>[D1auz]
- aceia, acelea
three
>[ Pri:]
- trei
through
> [Tsm:]
- 1. prin, printre, peste
ace~tia,
acestea
2. (tren) direct, (circulatie) continua
through and through
> [Tsru: End TSru:]
- de-a lungul ~i de-a latul de la un caprH la altul
time
>[taim]
- timp, vreme
to
> [tu]
- catre, spre, la
today
>[tadel]
- astazi, azi
town
> [taun]
- Qra~
two
>[tu:]
- doi
usually
>[Iu:juah]
- de obicei, in mod
to want
>[tuUont]
- a vrea, a dori
what
> [Uot]
- ce
when
> [Uen]
- cand
where
> [Uear]
- unde, pe unde, incotro
who
>[hu:]
. . - cme, pc CIne
to write (to)
> [tu rait1
- a scric (clIiva)
yes
"1 1\",1
- lIlI
you
'1
III
I
Qbi~nuit
- (ie, i(i, (i, dumitale,
dumncavoastra, voua, pe tine, pc dumncata, pe dumneavoastra, pc voi your
>[10:']
40
- tau, ta, tai, tale, dumitale, dumneavoastra, vostru, voastra, vo~tri, voastre
IN INTRODUCERE CATEVA IDEI SI , SFATURI DIN PARTEA PROFESORULUI Este mai u~or sa intelegi 0 eonvers:nie Intr-o limba straina, dedit sa partieipi aetiv la ea. Prin repetarea eu voce tare a exereitiilor ve\i rqine euvintele ~i pronuntia. Daea exersati in mod eonseevent, in fieeare zi, atunei dupa un limp vqi reu~i sa asimila!i materialul nou eu u~urin!a. Nu trebuie neaparat sil ~ti!i pe de rost tot ce :1\i inv:ll:ll In Icqiile preeedente, atunei eand merge!i mai departe. Dar nu uita!i, inv~ltarca ~i repel:IIT:1 perlll:lnenta sunt mai importante decal progresul rapid, dar care nu are un fundament solid. Daea nu ave\i pre:1 mlill lilllp, :IIIIIICi parClII")~l'\i doar c;lle 0 .i II 111:\1:11 e de Icqie. In mod sigur ve\i g~\si penlru aeeas1a lin sICr1 de or,1 In I"I(T,lre i'.i I I)lIpa c,"lIl'va Illni ve\i ohserva ca Inl.elcget,i texl111 in limba engleza ~i 1:lra sa-l tradllce\i: Cli :lile clivinil" 'incl'IWli S:1 g:ln
Profesorul dumneavoastra
© Copyright by EUROCOR - Institutul European de Cursuri prin Corespondenia S,R.L.
INDRUMAR PENTRU REZOLVAREA TEMEI 1.
Va rugam, inccpcti rczolvarea tCl11ei pentru acasa numai dupa ce ati parcurs intregu1 material, ati repctat euvintclc ~i ati rezo1vat 1';1ra grqeli u1time1e exereitii de verificarc. Inainte de a incepc rczolvarca aecsteia va reeomandam sa studiati eu atcntic ~i sa recititi inca 0 data textul, urmarind rcgulile pe care recapitutarea Ie aeeentueaza prin punetare.
2.
Atunci dind invatam 0 limba straina, aceasta trebuie exersata ~i repetata cu aceea~i perseverenta cu care am invatat sa mergem. In aeest scop v-au fost propuse 0 serie de exercitii. Va sugeram sa revedeti din Cfllld in ciind materia1ul deja pat·curs.ln seurt timp, eursantu1 se va eonvinge ea aeest 1ueru nu este lipsit de sens. Tema impliea intotdeauna ~i repetarea materiei din leetiile anterioare. Obi~nuiti-va eu ileest mod de lucru, care, in mod spontan ~i tara eforturi deosebite, va improspi\teazfl ~i eonsolideaza eUl1o~tinte1e. Pentru a putea obtine rezu1tate in inVa\areil limbilor strfline cu ajutorul metodei noastre, nu aveti nevoie de un talent l!<:osehil. ( 'hiar ~i cei care sunt mai putini reeeptivi in invatarea limbi10r straine, VOl' ;\junge dupa eil !eva lun ide studiu la un nivella care niei nu au sperat. Deei, li!i F.
3.
Pmpuncrc
4.
Transcric\i ICI11:1 "pc eurat" doarcftnd suntcti siguri de rezolvare. Pentru trimiterea telllelor I'olosi!i !(lI"Illldarelc tiparite in aeestscop.
5.
Nu uita\i s;\ va sloril:\i nUlllck, prcnumelc, adresa, eodul profcsoru1ui ~i numarul de cursanl SUll can: ;qi Ii lsi llIrl:gisl rat. Acesta din urmil se gilse~te in scrisoarea care conlinna parlicipan:a dvs. [.te\ll's.
6.
Vii rugilm scric\i cilc!,
7.
Alatura\i tCl11ei pentru acasa Ull plie timbrat autoadresat. In aeest plic yeti primi tema eorectata.
8.
Este foalie important sa notati pc 1)lic l1umilrul de cursant sub care ati fost inregistrat!
l)
In eazul in care comandati materialc noi de curs, sau aveti alte eereri legate de rdatiilc Cll rublicul, serieti-le separat pe 0 foaie de hartie ~i trimiteti-le pe adresa lloas( ra imprcuna eu tema. In eo1tul din stanga jos a1 serisorii, serieti "Relatii eu j1ublicul".
10.
Dumneavoaslra sUl1lc\i eel care stabile~te tel1l1enul de trimitere a temei. Independent de aeesta, Iucrarea dumneavostra va fi intotdeauna controlata ~l retrimisa de c~ltrc pro l'csor.
Veti vedea, efOliurile dumneavoaslril vor Ii rasplatite. Va dorim mult sucees!
PARTEA INTAI
LECTIA 5 ,
Sa incepem prima parte a leqiei noastre de engleza cu cateva cuvinte noi. Repetati-le acordand 0 mare atentie pronuntiei: letter
> [ leta']
- scnsoare
book
> [buk]
- carte
post-office
> [paust ofis]
- oficiu po~tal
pen
> [pen]
- stilou
kitchen
> [kit 9an]
- bucatarie
week
> [ ui:k]
- saptamana
man
> [mEn]
- barbat
Romania
> [rumeinia]
- Romania
son
> [san]
- fiu
the third
> [DZii TSa:'d]
- al treilea, a treia
Acum exersati
acelea~i
cuvinte in alta ordine:
Romania
> [rul11einia]
- Romania
kitchen
> \ kit~al1]
- bucatarie
post-office
>
son
> l,allJ
- fiu
pen
> [pen]
- stilou
the third
> [DZa TSa:'d]
- al treilea, a treia
week
> [Ui:kJ
- saptamana
book
> [buk]
- carte
letter
> [ leta']
- scrisoare
man
> [mEn]
- barbat
I pall,t uri,]
- oficiu
po~tal
I
I
I Verificati in ce masura ati cuvinte:
reu~it
sa relineti cuvintele noi. Traduceli in limba engleza urmatoarele
al treilea, a treia
> the third
bucatarie
> kitchen
carte
> book
barbat
> man
fiu
> son
sCflsoare
> letter
stilou
> pen
oficiu
> post-office
po~tal
saptamana
> week
Romania
> Romania
~i
lata cateva propozilii
exprcsii Cli clivintele nO!: ma~ina este ro~ie.
Icdl
- A treia
kil\'dlll
- Mama este in bucatarie.
The third car is red.
'·\1)',1 I
Mother is in the kitchen.
>llllal
This man has a book.
>llYis
1 live in Romania.
>[al Iiv
1 often go to the post-office.
>[ai ofn gau tll D"u paust ofis] - Merg des la oficiul
My son is at the school.
>[mai san iz Et DZa sku:l]
,I
't! kd'
1/
)':1' 1/ III 1)'.1
1111'.11 111
Iii / ~I ['lIkj
rLll11ClI1ldj
Binbatul acesta are a carte. - Traiesc In Romania.
- Fiul meu este 1a -
a nice pen
- un stilou frumos >1:1 L'.lItl
a good week
"1
k1
- 0
~coala.
scrisoare lunga
a long letter
0
po~tal.
saptamana buna
In exerciliul unnator completali propoziliile In limba cng[eza: Ea lucreaza la oficiul Romania este
po~tal.
tara frumoasa.
0
- She works at the >posl--o/llcc. - >Romania is a nice coulltry.
El ia i'ntotdeauna acest stilou la serviciu.
- He always takes this >pt'll to work.
Aceasta este a treia casa de pe strada.
- It's >the third house in the street.
Fiul nostru merge la Saptamana are
~apte
~coala.
- Our >son goes to school.
zile.
- A >week has seven days.
Acest barbat are
0 ma~ina ro~ie.
- This >man has a red car.
Vreau sa scriu
scrisoare mamei mele.
- 1 want to write >a letter to my mother.
Pe masa este
0
0
carte.
- There is >a book on the table.
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: Acesta este un stiJou verde.
> It's a green pen.
Acest barbat ~i fiul sau merg in fiecare zi la serviciu cu autobuzul.
> TJ1JS lTI8n and hIS son go to work by bus every day.
Oficiul
po~tal
se aila in apropierea statiei.
In bucatarie sllnt patm caz1i. Sunt ci'iteva
ora~e
frumoase in Romania.
> The pO':l-oUic,: > There are
fUliI
10:
near the station.
books
111
the kitchen.
> There are some nice towns in Romama.
Aceasta scrisoare este pentru tine.
> Th is letter is for you.
Imi place a treia casa.
> I like the thIrd house.
Aeum vom invata zilele saptamami. Observa\i ca fiecare poate fi pronuntat doua feluri: Monday
>[ m3nclI]
>[mandel]
-luni
Tuesday
>[tll.l:zdi]
>[ tiu:zdei]
- marti
Wednesday
>[ "enzdl]
>["enzdel]
- miercuri
Thursday
>[T'a:'zdi]
>[T'ii:'zdc: ]
- JOI
Friday
>[ fraidi]
>jfra I c!cJ J
- vineri
Saturday
>[sEta'dJ]
>j ,E1:I'i!c'lj
- sambata
Sunday
>j";\I1<111
>j";!l1lkl!
- duminica
Inaintea zilelor saptiim[mii folosim prepozitia "on". In limba engleza zilele saptamanii se scriu intotdeauna eu litera mare.
Sa exersam cuvintele; completati eu ajutorullor propozitiile de mai jos: Miercuri de obicei merg acolo dimineata.
- On >Wednesd,ly I usually go there in the morning.
Vreau sa-l vizitez pe tatal meu sambata.
- I want to visit my father on >Saturday.
Mergi duminiea la biserica?
- Do you go to church on >Sunday?
Marti suntem intotdeauna acasa.
- On >Tuesday we are always at home.
De obicei vineri seriu mamei mele a scnsoare.
- I usually write a letter to my mother on >Fnday.
Nu-mi place sa merg luni la servieiu.
- I don't like to go to work on >Monday.
Unde mergi de obieei joi?
- Where do you usually go on >Thursday?
Daca inaintea zilelor saptamanii se afla cuvantul "evely", nu folosim prepozitia "on": every Monday every Sunday
- fiecare luni - fiecare duminica
Sa invatam cateva verbe noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare: to talk (to/with)
> [tu to:k]
- a vorbi, a conversa
to read
> [tu ri:d]
- a citi
to come
> [tll ":lInJ
- a veni, a ajunge
to love
> l tll 1:lvJ
- a iubi
to understand
>
lar acum L1nneaza
acelea~i
l (u anda'slEndJ
- a intelege, a pricepe
cuvinte, dar in alta ordine. Cititi-le cu voce tare: LI
to talk (to/wi th)
> 1III
(0
to understand
> I tll
,1I}(1.J'~1
to read
> l (li ri:d]
- a citi
to love
> [tLl lay]
- a iubi
to come
>[tukam]
- a veni, a ajunge
-- a vorbi, a conversa I',lld I
- a intelege, a pricepe
Sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozitii. Traduceti din limba engleza in limba romana: She reads a book every Sunday.
> I :;;i: n.d;:.1 hll" sandul
This man loves his son.
> IIYls ml':n lavz hiz san]
- Acest barbat
He comes to the post-office every Thursday.
> [hI: kamz tu D7 a pallsl ofis
- El vine la oficiul po~tal in fiecare joi.
We often talk to our sons.
> [til: ofn to:k tu aua' sanz]
- Vorbim des eu fiii
Do you understand it?
> [du iu: anda'stEnd it]
-lntelegi?
eVrJ
eVil
pa.'zdel]
- Ea cite~te a carte in fiecare duminica. i~i
iubqte fiuI.
no~trii.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii: Vorbe~ti
des cu mama ta?
- Do you often >(alk to your mother?
Cfmd vine el de obicei la birou?
- When does he usually >come to the offiee?
Ce fel de carti Ie place sa citeasca?
- What books do they like to >read?
imi place sa merg in aceasta piata.
- I >\ove to go to this square.
o 'intelegi pe mama ta?
- Do you >llnderstand your mother?
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: Ea il
iube~te
pe fiul nostru.
> She 101 e~ our s(ln.
El vine in fiecare duminiea la voi.
> He comes to Y(lUI house every Sunday.
Vorbesc des eu tatal lor.
> I often talk to thclr lather.
Nu inteleg (acest lueru).
>
Vreau sa citese aceasta carte.
> I want to read this book.
r don't
understand it.
Cititi cu atentie propozitia urmatoare: I always visit my mother at five on Sunday.
0' clock
- 0 vizitez intotdeauna pe mama (mea)
duminica la ora cinei.
Daca in propozitie exista doua complemente de timp, atunci pe primul loe trcee dcfinirca cxaeta a orei (invers ea in Iimba romana): at eight in the evening at SIX on Monday
seam la oril oJll Iuni 1,1 ora ~ase
lar acum yom invata un euvant al earui inteles depinde foarte mull de context: right
> [rait]
- drept, dreapta, potrivit, coreet
all right
> [0:1 rait]
- in ardine, in regula
to the right
> [tll D'a rail]
- la dreapta
to be right
> [tu bI: rart]
- a avea dreptate
on the nght
> [on D/a rait]
- in dreapta, in partea dreapta
Sa vedem eateva exemple:
Is this the right bus?
- Acesta este autobuzul potrivit?
Look to the right!
> [Iuk tu DZa rait]
- Prive~te la dreapta!
There is a school on the nght.
>[D/ea' IZ a sku:l on D/a rait]
- in dreapta este
All right! We are going there now.
>[0:1 raitllI: a·'
J think
V()II'r~ ricrht
DZea' nall]
gaLlin(~)
0
~coala.
- In regula! Acum mergem acolo.
In lectiile antenoare ati Il1vi1\at timpul prezent sll11plu, cu ajutorul caruia putem exprima aqiun;le zilnice ~i cele care se rereta In mod regulat. Pentru descrierea ac(iunilor care Iltl au loe zill1 ic sou /1U se repetcll/1 mod regulat, ci se desfii.,ward i/1 momentu! vorhiril, foIosim timpul prczent continuu (Present Continuous Tense). Acest timp se folose~{e 111 trei ca:lIri pe care le Fe(i swdia in cursuI /ec(iiIor 5-6, In pril1lul rind I'a vedem din ce se compul1e, cllm se cOl1struie$te propozipa la t/lnpu/ prezent continllu:
I am opening the door.
- Deschid
He is going home
> I hi
These people arc reading books.
- I:!' 1 II
I" III
Propoziriile la timpul prezent continuu se
Subiect +
+
forma corespunzatoare a verbului "to be"
- El merge acasa
II .~',IIIIIII 'L,IIIIIII
1111'
I
- Acqti oameni citesc cat1i.
,I '
1111 k
u~a.
'.1
COIl1PUI7
din:
verb (cu + termina,ia ,,-iug")
complement direct (sau alta parte de propozitie)
am
openmg
the door,
He
is
gOIng
home.
These people
are
reading
books.
Dadi f%sil11 acest timp, verbu/ "to be" 1111 se traduce ill aceste caZUrI. Vel bu! "to be" este predicatuIui -Ii Ql'em nevoie de eI doar pel1tru expril71area til71pului.
0
parte
0
Deci, timpul prezel1t continuu se f%seo?te pentru acrulI1i/e ('(Ire se desfli,wara in mOl7lell{u/ vorbirh. Accentuarea acestuia este posibiW eLI ajutoru!urmatoarelor comp/e1nente de (imp:
now
>
Il1<1l1l
- acum
at the moment
>
II
- in acest moment, chiar acum
I [) ',1111.11\1\1.11111
just
- tocmai, chiar acum
Sa exersam timpul prezent continuu in propozi,ii: We are visiting the church
now. She is walting for her mother at the moment.
> lUI: a:' vizitin(g) nau] >
DZ~\
t5a:'t5
l ~i:
iz "('Itin lg ) 1'0:' ha: r maD/a' Et DZa ll1aul11~ll1t]
They are just reading hooks
- Acum vizitam biserica.
- in acest moment ca pe mama sa.
- Ei citcsc
ni~tc car~i
0
a~teapla
chiar acum,
for a walk now.
> [mal fa:fYa ' J/. gallin lgl fo" a "o :k nUll]
- Tala\ meu merge Ja plimbare acum.
He is driving to work at the moment.
> (hi: iz dralvin lg ' tll "alk Et DZa mallmanl J
- Chiar acum merge la serviciu cu ma~ina,
My father is going
"'"'
"Just" sta inaintea verbului la aspeetul eontinuu (eu tenninatia ,,-ing''), iar "now" ~i "at the moment" se gasese Ia ineeputul sau la sfiir::;itul propozitiei.
Sa exersam prezentul eontinuu. Completati propozitiile de mai .ios eu formele eorespunzatoare ale verbului "to be" ~i ale verbului eu tenninatia ,,-ing"; >J~. t'0lll.'!
Maria merge aeum Ia magazin.
- Mary
(Chiar aeum) ne plimbam in piata.
- We >are w,l1kll1g in the square at the moment.
Te a;;teapta toemai pe tine.
- They >are just waiting for you.
Tatal meu eite;;te aeum aeeasta carte.
- My father >is readIng this book now.
Fata aeeea toemai prive;;te aeeasta easa Chiar aeum 11 due pe fiul meu Ia
ro~ie.
~coala.
to the shop now.
- That girl >Is J list looking at this red house. - At the moment I >tun taking my son to school.
Dupa cum desigur atl observat deja, in eazul verbelor care se termina eu litera ,,-e" (ea de exemplu "write") Ia adaugarea tenninatiei ,,-ing" ,,-e"u1 se amite.
Tradueeti unnatoarele propozi(ii in limba engleza: :lIC \ J~,j(II1.~.'
Aeum vizitam aeeasta piata frumoasa.
>\\'L
Ei toemai intra in ;;coalii.
>Th")i
in acest moment mama mea desehide magazinul.
> My mother IS opening the shop at the moment.
Fiii no;;tri eondue (ma;;ina) aeum.
>Our sons are drivi!lg !lO\\'
vorbe~te eu
:\Il
this nice sqllare now.
)Ihl entering the school.
>Juhn
IS
Aeum Iuerez aeasa.
>1
\\(lILI"." .111"'lllc·!l\J\V
Chiar aeum il a::;tepti pe tata1 tau.
;>
John toemai
Maria.
:1111
'\1 II"
I() I
illst
LilLIII" \\ Ilh Mell)'.
111111',1, II! yUlI :Ile
\ ( II II 1.11/1
c: l.
waiting
Va mai amintiti de fonnarea interogativului verbului "to be"?
Forma interogativti a timpului prezent eontinuu se ob{ine prin acelaii procedeu (inversarea ordinii). Sa vedem exemplele:
John is reading a book now.
Is John reading a book now?
>i i l dion ri:dm lg1
We are just going home.
Are we just going home?
>/ ,; , "I dj,iSl gauin(g)
She is taking the bus to work at the moment.
Is she taking the bus to work at the moment?
>111
,i
- John eite~te o earte aeum?
huk 1l,\lI]
- Mergem aeasa ehiar aeum?
kill/III
~I
lCILJIl 1"1
IY,i b,iS
-Ea merge eu autobuzulla serviciu chiar acum?
1u "c1"k 1'1 IY,I ]]1;]umantJ
Iar aeum e randul dumneavoastra. Tradueeti urmatoarele intrebari: Ea
vorbe~te
Ei te
ehiar in elipa aeeasta eu baiatul?
a~teapta
pe tine in aeest moment?
> h ,he talking to the boy at the moment? > ;\IL' they waiting for you at the moment?
Aeum luerezi aeasa?
> Ale you ""'iking at home now?
Aeum mergem la plimbare?
> ;\Ie we gOlllg for a walk now')
El prive~te aeeste fete ehiar aeum?
> Is he looking at these girls at the moment')
La inceputul propozi{iilor interogative putel11 folosi ii pronume interogative: John is going for a walk now.
Where is John going now?
>l"ea'
giiulnl'c' nauJ
-Unde merge John aeum?
You are reading a letter at the moment.
What are yOll reading at the moment?
>1"01 a'
IU
Ii.dll1 lg1 1:1 IYiI maumant]
-Ce eite~ti (ehiar aeum)?
My mother is just working.
Who is just working?
>1 hu
djast "a:'kin(gl]
-Cine luereaza? (ehiar aeum)
17
17
d.lol1
Exersati fonnularea intrebarilor. Tradueeti in limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos: Ce iau ei aeum?
> What are they taking nO\\,"1
Ce viziteaza el aeum?
> What is he
Unde merge ea eu
ma~ina in
aeest moment?
Cine serie toemai aeum a serisoare mamei?
VIsiting Ilmv"l
> Where is ,he
dlll'llll:'-
ill
the moment?
> Who is .Iusl Wrltlllg a letter to mother?
Riispllnsunle sClirte afirmative ,vi negative incep Cli euvintele yes/no care sunl urmale de pronumele personal !iiforllla eorespullziitoare a verbullii to be. La aeeasta se adallgii cuvill1tulnol daca raspunsul expril1lii 0 nega{ie. in propo:::i{iile negative forma eorespunziitoare a verbului to be este urmata de clivantul not.
lar acum sa exersam aceste reguli in propozitii: Are you going home now?
- Mergi acasa aCllm?
Yes, I am.
- Da.
No, I am not.
- Nu.
I am not going home now.
- Acum nu merg acasa.
Is she looking at this building at the moment?
- (Ea) Privqte chiar acum aceasta clad ire?
Yes, she is.
- Da.
No, she isn't.
- Nu.
She is not looking at this building at the moment.
- Ea nu
Are they visiting the church now')
~
Yes, they are.
-- Da.
No, they aren't.
- Nli.
They aren't visiting the church now.
- Ei nu viziteaza biserica acum.
~i acum vom veri fica in ce masura ati propozitiile negative:
reu~it
prive~te
aceasta cladire chiar acum.
(Ei) viziteaza biserica acum?
sa retineti regulile. Completati raspunsurile scurte
~i
Are you going for a walk now?
- Yes, I >am.
- No, I >am not.
- I >am not going for a walk now.
Is she just entering the school?
- Yes, >she is·
- No, >she Isn·t.
- She >isn'tjust entering the school.
Are you driving home now?
- Yes, we >are.
- No, we >arcn ·t.
- We> aren't driving home now.
Is my father talking with Mary at the moment?
- Yes, >he is.
- No, >hc isn't.
- My father >isn't talking with Mary at the moment.
Are they reading letters now?
- Yes, >they are.
- No, >they aren't.
- They >are not reading letters now.
Is John working in the office now?
- Yes, >he lS.
- No, >he Isn't.
- John >is not working in the office now.
Are you just taking a bus to school?
- Yes, I >am.
- No, I >am not.
- I >am not just taking a bus to school.
Iar acum urmeaza cateva cuvinte noi: England
> [ingland I
- AnglIa
Romanian
> [rumcflll:lllj
- roman
English
>
to speak Romanian
> [tu
to speak English
>
what time ... ?
> [\lot t
- la ce ora?
here
> [hid']
- alel
Ii ttle
> [Iitl]
- mic, un pic, putin
twenty
> [t"enti]
- douazeci
[ingll~] Spl
eng\ez k IIIIll(·/lll.lllj
l III "Ill k illgll,.,j
- a vorb!
roll1ane~te
- a vorhl
engleze~te
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba romfma: England isn't a big country.
> [ingland iznt a big kantri]
- Anglia nu este
I love Romanian towns.
> [aI lay rumeinian taunz]
- Iml plac ora~ele romane~ti.
This is an English car.
> [Dtis
My father is speaking Romanian now.
> Im:11 fa IY.I' 1/ ,pi klll 1"1 Illllll' /l11.lll II.lll I
17.
all illgl is k
Their son doesn't speak > II YCI' S;1Il da/1I1 Spl k English when he's in Romania. illgiJ~ "ell hi /. III rUl11elllia]
- Aceasta este 0 Talal meu
0
tara mare.
ma~ina
englezeasca.
vorbe~te
romane~te aeum.
- Fiullor nu vorbe~te engleza atunci cand este in Romania. - Cat este ceasul acum?
What time is it now?
> ["ot taim
My son is here, in this room.
> [mai san lZ hia r in D'is ru:m]
- Fiul meu este aici, in aeeast[\ camera.
I have little time to visit you.
> [ai hEv litl taim to vizit iu:]
- Am putin timp ca sa te vizitez.
Ten and ten is twenty.
> [ten End ten a: r tUenti]
- Zece
IZ
It nau]
~i
cu zece fac douazeci.
Um1eaZa dm nou un exercltiu, in care trebUie sa completati propozitii: Mama lui este in Anglia acum. Vorbiti
romane~te?
Nu. Vorbim
- Do you speak >Romaman ?
engleze~te.
La ce ora este trenul spre
- No, we don't. We >speak English. Bucure~ti?
ora~
- >What tllne
IS
the train to Bucharest?
- Your book is >here.
Cartea ta este aiei. Traim intr-un
- His mother is in >England now.
mic.
Sunt douazeei de serisori pe masa.
- We live in a >]lttJe town. - There are >t\\'cnty letters on the table.
Dacd din propozirie reiese ciaI' cd acrillnea se desfcl~oarriin l71ol7lentlll vorbiril, clIvintele now, at the moment ~i justfi pot Ol1l1se.
lata cateva exemple: Where are you going?
- Unde mergetl?
We're going home.
- Mergem acasa.
Are they waiting for John?
- II a~teapta pe John?
Yes, they are.
- Da.
"Are they waiting for John?" "Yes, they are."
"Where are you going?" "We're going home."
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza, folosind prezentul continuu: Ii scrii
0
> Are you writmg
scrisoare Mariei?
3.
letter to Mary')
Da.
> Yes, I am.
Unde duci acest scaun?
> Whc] c are you taking this chair?
Duc acest scaun in bucatarie.
> I" J1l iakmg thIs chair to the kItchen.
Ce
> What arc you readmg')
cite~ti?
Citesc
0
> I'!l1 Icadmg a book.
carte.
Mergeti la
>
~coala?
All'
you going to school')
> Yes, we are.
Da.
in ultimul exercitiu al acestei parti vom recapitula materialul nou. Traduceti in limba engleza: ACllm fiul lor merge cu Acum merg la oficiul
ma~ina
in Romania.
po~tal.
> Their son is driving to Romania now.
> I an\ going to the post-office now.
Imi plac bucatariile engleze~ti.
> L like English kitchens.
El are doua stilouri verzi.
> He has two green pens.
Unde merge barbatul acesta acum?
> Where is tl1lS m
Nu-mi plac zilele de luni.
> I don't like Mondays.
Miercurea este a treia zi a saptamanii.
> Wednesday is the third day of the week.
El citqte acum
> Is he reading an English book now')
0
carte in engleza?
Mama mea de obicei nu-mi intelege scrisorile. Trenul nostru tocmai
sose~te.
loi la ora opt il vizitez intotdeauna pe fiul meu. Cine te
a~teapta
Ace~ti
~coala
in fiecare zi?
baieti vorbesc acum cu fetele acelea?
Vorbqti engleza?
I1\Y
>
()UI
lelkls [rain IS just eoming.
> 1 always visit my son at eight on Thursday. > Who is waiting for you now?
acum?
La ce ora mergi la
> My Il\other docsn't usually understand
> What time do you go to school every day? > Are these boys talking to those girls now') > Do you speak English')
LECTIA 5 - PARTEA A DOVA , Ca ~i pana acum, ineepem partea a doua a aeestei leqii ell eateva euvinte nOl: eye
>[ a/]
-ochi
mouth
>[maliT']
-gura
daughter
>[ do:ta'J
- fiica
baby
>[ be/bi]
-bebelu~
mouth
>[maliT']
- gura
tomorrow
>[tCm1orilll]
-maine
desk
>[ desk]
- birou, banea
bed
>[becl]
-pat
Sa repetam cuvintele noi in alta ordine: eye
>[ ai]
-ochi
tomorrow
>[tamorau]
-maine
daughter
>[ do:til']
- fiica
month
>[ man l"]
-luna
desk
>[desk]
- birou, banca
mouth
>[ maul"]
-gura
bed
>[bedJ
-pat
baby
>[beibi]
-bebelu~
Sa folosim cuvintele noi In propozltii. Cititi-le cu voce tare, urmarind eu aten!le pronuntia:
hI: hEz blu:
alba~tri.
She has blue eyes.
>
My baby is in the third room.
> [mai beibi iz in O/a T'a:'d
Your mouth is red.
> [10:' mauT' iz red]
My daughter is reading a book now.
> [ma; do:ta' iz a buk nau]
It is Monday tomorrow.
> [it iz mandel tamolau]
- Maine este luni.
One month has four weeks.
> [U an manT' hEz fo.' "l:ks]
- a luna are patm saptamani.
There are three beds in the room.
> [O/Ca.' a:' T'ri: bedz /11 Df;} ru:m]
- In camera sunt trei paturi.
Her desk is good.
> [ha:' desk
- Biroul ei este bun.
- Ea are ochi
alz]
-
Bebelu~ul
meu este In camera
a treia.
nun]
IZ
- Gura ta este
- Fuca mea cite~te acum 0 carte.
ri:d/l1(~)
gud]
ro~ie.
Completati propozitiile urmatoare: Aeum
vorbe~te cu
Este bine
fiiea sa.
- Now she is talking with her >daughter.
bebelu~ul?
- Is the >baby all right?
Tata este In patul sau.
- Father is in his> bcd.
Maine este vineri.
- It is Friday >tomorrow.
Biroul meu este mare.
- My >desk is big.
Este
- It is a nice >month.
0
luna frumoasa.
Ea are ochii verzi
~i 0
gura mica.
- She has green >eyes and a little mouth.
Nu uitati, expresia "to go to bed" se interpreteaza In doua feluri: "a se baga In pat" sau "a merge la culcare".
Folositi expresiile noi In urmiHorul exercitiu de traducere: Acest bebelu~ are ochii verzi o gura mare.
~i
> This baby has green eyes and a big mouth.
Fiica lui are doi fii.
>
Vreau sa merg la culcare.
> I want to go to bed.
Nu am bHOU in camera.
> I have no desk m the room.
Maine este marti.
> It is Tuesday (( 'morrow.
Ce luna este acum?
> What month is it now?
HIS
daughter has two sons.
Am invatat deja cil prepozItia "into" inseamna in lunba romana: "in, spre, inspre". Opusul aeesteia, adiea notiunea "afarn din, din" se exprima prin "out of' [aut
0\
J:
He is coming into the kitchen now,
El intra acum 'in bucatane,
He is going out of the kitchen now.
El iese din bucataric.
She is taking the baby out of the car now,
Ea seoate
bcbelu~ul
din
ma~in3.
i/1 aceasta parte a leC[iei vom invata despre 11/7 alt tip de silllatii in carc sc IIlifl:eazti timpuf prezent continuu. Acesta poate expnma timpul viitor, caml este vorba desprc 0 ([Crilllle pe care am pliil1uit-o deja, de aceea i/7 mod sigur eo va (/\'eo loc. Acesle pro]Jozirii se pot traduce in limba romana la timpul prezenl sau viitor
Sa vedem cateva exemple: Tomorrow I'm going to my mother.
> l t:111101 au alln gauin(g)
On Friday we are writing the letter to you.
> [on fi aidi "}; a I raitll1 1g1
Tomorrow we are opening a shop,
> [tall1orau "i: a:' 3UPllllll:')
On Thursday they are work II1g al home.
C'!lllll'al/!lll)'ci
- Maine merg la mama mea.
tu lIla' maD/a']
D/~l
- Vinel i iti
serisoarea.
- Maine yom desehide un magazm.
a :;op]
d '
SCI iem
Ict,I' tu lU:]
"a 'k 1/1 1 'I I
- JOl
el
VOl'
lucra aeasa.
1 11.1111111
Penlru indicarea viitomfui jJutem folosi urmcltoarele cuvintc: next
> [nekst]
- urmalor, care urmeaz3, viitor
In
>[ in]
- in, peste, in deeurs de, dupa
Aeeste euvinte se folosese de obicei in unnatoarele expresii: next week
- saptamana viitoare
next month
- luna viitoare
next Saturday
- simbata viitoare
in an hour
- peste
in two days
- peste doua zile
in three weeks
- peste trei saptamani
0
ora
Cititi propozitiile urmatoare in care figureaza aeeste expresii: Next Monday I'm taking you to England.
>[nekst mandel ann tClkll1 lg }
I'm going to Romania in two days.
>[ aim
iu: tu ingland] gaLlIl1 l g) tLl
111 tLl: dC1Z]
rumeima
....: Lunea viitoare te due in Anglia. - Merg in Romania peste doua zile.
$i acum
urmcaZL7 in!orma(ii 1I0i ill legiitllul
posesive.
eLI
pronumele pcnonalc !il adjectivele pronominale
in leeria anterioarii a11l srl/diat pronllmelc you fa aeLlzativ, eLi ill!efesul "pe tme, pe voi, pe
dumncavoastrii, tie,
VOila,
dllf}/!7em·oastrd'·. far aellm sci l'cdem ~i ce[e[a{te prol1ume fa cazlinfe
1I0011inatil' ,I'i acuzatil' preCtl111 :;;i adjectivele pronominale posr?sil'r? Nomillati]'
ACII:::ativ (~'i Dativ)
Adjective prol1omi!7a!e posesivl?
- eu you - tu, dumneavoastra he
-el
she - ea it
we
-cl, ea (pt. obiecte, l101iuni abstracte, animale) - nOI
you
meu, mea, mei, mele your - ta, tau, tai, tale, dumitale, dvs. his lui/sau, lui/sa, lui/sai, (lui/sale) her ei/sau, sai, sale its lui, sale, ei (pt. obiecte, notiuni abstracte, animal e) our - nostrll, noastra, no~tri, noastre voslru. vO!lslrfl, your Vll~t ri, VO:lstl'I.:, (hllnitalc, dvs. my
. voi, dvs.
their -lor
they - ei, ele
I
-pe mme, ma, mie, iml, mi-, -ml
me
>[1111
you
>[/LI I
pc tine, te, tie, iti, Ii, dumitale, dvs,
him
>[lillllJ
- pc d, ii, 1-, lui, ii, i-
her
>[l1a:']
- pc ea,
it
>[ it]
- pc el, 11, 1-, lui, 1i, i-, pe ea, 0, ei, ii
us
>[ ~\s]
- pe noi, ne, noua, ne, 111
you
>jlll )
them
>[ D/em]
- pe voi, va, pe dllmneata, pe dvs. voua, va, vi - pe ei/ele, lor, le, Ii
0,
ci, il
Sa exersam formele accstor pronume pentru cazurile acuzativ, respectiv dativ:
1'm just talking to him.
- Tocmal Ii vorbese.
She loves me.
- Ea
rna
I don't understand her.
- Nu
0
His father likes us.
- Tatal lui ne place.
I'm writing a letter to them now.
- Acum le scriu
We are talking about it now.
- Acum vorbim despre aceasta.
In ultima propozi(ie al11 inta/nit
0
about
:>[abaut]
\Ube~te.
1nteleg.
0
serisoare,
prepozitic noua: - despre, de
In exerci(iulurmator, completati propozitiile eli pronumele eorespunzatoare: Te iubesc.
- I love :>YOLI.
Tocmai vorbesc despre el.
- I'm just speaking about >him.
o cuno~ti pc ea?
- Do you know >her?
Maine mergi la
~coala
ell noi?
Cine se uita la mine acum?
- Are you going to school with >lIS tomorrow? - Who is looking at :>me now?
Maine Ii due la
Bueure~ti.
- I'm taking >them to Bucharest tomorrow.
Toemai eitese despre aeeasta.
- I'm just reading about >it.
Maria merge eu tine maine la plimbare?
- Is Mary going for a walk with >you tomorrow?
Iar aeum urmeaz3 trel verbe noi: to give
> [tu giv]
- a da, a darui
to send
> [tu send]
- a trimite
to show
>[tu~au]
- a arata
Exersa(i verbele noi In propozi(ii. Citi(i eu voce tare: He is givll1g me his pen now.
> [hi: iz givin(g) hiz pen nau]
1 am just sendmg a letter.
> [ai Em djast sendin(g) i\ leEl']
- Toemai trimit
They are showing me their apartment now.
> [Olel 3:' ~allin(gl mi: OZei' apa:rtmimt n3u]
- Ei Imi arata aeum apartamentullor.
- Aeum Imi da stiloullui.
l1l1:
0
scrisoare.
in unnatorul exereiliu eompletali propoziliile In limba engleza eu adjeetivele pronominale posesive ~i pronumele personale eorespunzatoare 1a nominativ ~i aeuzativ: Aeum IIi dau eartea mea. EI toemai Ii serie ei
0
Nu vorbim despre ei lor.
- >1 am giving >YOll my book now. >11c is just writing a letter to >her.
serisoare. ~i
- >\Vc are not talking about >them and >(iJeir cars.
ma~inile
Peste
0
saptamana te due la mama mea.
- In a week >1 am taking >YOll to my mother.
in eontinuare, iata eifre1e de 1a lIla 19: II
- eleven
> [ilevn]
12
- twelve
> [tllelv]
13
- thirteen
> [T'il:rti:n]
14
- fourteen
> [fo:'ti:n]
15
- fifteen
> [fiftin]
16
- sixteen
> [siksti:n]
17
- seventeen
> [sevnli:n]
18
-- eighteen
>[eiti:n]
Sa exersam aceste numere traducand in limba engleza unnatoarele expresii: days
17 zile
>
peste 16 saptamani
> in sl,icl'll weeks
12 luni
>tWClll'
peste 18 zile
> in C1ghllTll CldYS
15 baieti
>flftccn
h\)I~
11 minute
> eleven
ll1111l1lL",
13 cladiri
> thirteen
19
SCI ClltCCIl
!llollths
buJidl[I~\
ma~ini
> In fourlccn
peste 14 luni
ll101l111s
Inaintea tenninarii leqiei sa recapitulam cele invatate pana acum. Traduceti in limba engleza: Maine mergl la el (la casa lui)?
> Are you gOll1g to his bouse tomOLTOw?
Umlt: trimi(i scrisoarca ci?
> Whcre :lIc
Saptamfllla viltoarc 11 duccmln Anglla pentru cincisprezccc zilc.
:> "C'\! II ,'L'k II l' ;\rl:
A treia casa din dreapta are douasprezecc camerc.
> I Ill' thlld
Eu tocmai duc
bebelu~ullor in
bucatarie.
yOLl ~cndll1g
her letter')
l:\k11lg them to England
I ()I I illL'L' I1 d, I V '. hOLlSl' 011 1Ill' II~ht lidS
twclve rooms.
> I'm Just taking thell baby to the kitchen.
Pe biroul tau este un stilou.
> There
Acest barbat are doua fiice.
> ThiS man has two daughters.
Nu inteleg engleza.
> I don't understand English.
Vreau sa-ti dau cartile mele.
> [ want to give you my books.
Ne place sa mergem la plimbare duminica.
> We love to go for .\ walk on Sunday.
In fiecare vineri 11 vizitez pe fiul meu.
> I visit my son every Friday.
Acum ei nu se uita la noi.
> They aren't looking at us now.
Cine are ochi frumo~i?
> Who has nice eyes?
Nu citesc aceasta carte acum.
> I'm not reading this book now.
Tocmai scriu
> l'mJust writlllg a letter to our father.
0
scrisoare tatalui nostru.
IS
a pen on your desk.
Ei vorbesc acum despre fiica ta?
> Arc they talklllg aboLlt your daughter now?
Momentan nu-i aratam (ei) casa noastra.
> At the moment we are not showing her our house.
Sambiitii venim intotdeauna la tine.
> On Saturday we always come to you.
Unde este?
> Where
IS
it?
lar acum, la sfaqit, urmeaza exercitiul de pronuntie. Cititi cuvintele grupate dupa vocalele identice:
[ai]
[i: J
[aLi J
[e]
[E]
Friday
we
post
enter
man
all right
see
go
seven
understand
behind
read
tomorrow
every
moment
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 5 , 5.1.
In limba engleza zilele saptamanii se seriu eu litera mare: Monday
- luni
Tuesday
- marti
Wednesday
- 1111ereun
Thursday
- J01
Friday -
- VInen
Saturday
- sambata
Sunday
- duminiea
5.1.1. Daea inaintea zilelor saptamanii se afla euvantul "every" (fieeare) atunei nu se folose~te prepozitia "on":
5.2.
on Monday
- luni
every Monday
- in fieeare luni
Daca intr-o propozitie sunt doua complemente cireumstantiale de timp, eel care determina timpul mai exact, treee pe primulloe: sambata la ora cinei
5.3
- at five on Saturday
Present Continuous Tense (timpul prezent continuu) 5.3.1. Timpul prezent continuu se folose~te pentru exprimarea unei activitati care se desra~oara in momentul vorbirii. In propozitiile la prezentul continuu se folosesc urmatoarele complemente eircumstantiale de timp: now
- acum
at the moment
.., chi'll' acum, in acest moment
Just
tocmai, chiar
"Just" sta inaintea verbului eu terminatia ,,-ing", iar "now, at the moment" se'itfla la inceputul sau la sfiir~itul propozitiei: I'm just talking to them.
- Tocmai vorbesc cu ei.
He is working at the moment.
- Ellucreaza chiar in clipa aceasta.
They are writing letters now.
- Ei scriu acum scrisori.
5.3.2. Prezentul continuu se folose~te ~i pentru exprimarea acelor evenimente care sunt planuite in viitorul apropiat ~i se vor desra~ura in mod sigur. In aceste situatii folosim urmatoarele complemente de timp: tomorrow
- maine
next (week, month)
- unnator, care unneaza (saptamana, luna)
in (two hours)
- in, in decurs de (doua ore)
Aceste complemente de timp se afla la inceputul sau la
sfar~itul
propozitiei:
I'm going to England in two days.
- Peste doua zile merg in Anglia.
Next week they are opening a shop.
- Saptamana viitoare ei deschid un magaZln.
5.3.3. Ordinea partilor de propozitie la timpul prezent continuu este urmatoarea: + "to be" + verb + complement direct (sau Subiect prezent cu terminatia ,,-ing" alte parti de propozitie) He
is
home now.
gOl11g
Interogativul se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii: He is going home now.
- EI merge acum acasa.
Is he going home now?
- Acum merge acasa?
Negativul se formeaza adaugand particula "not" la "to be": He isn't going home now.
- Acum nu merge acasa.
5.3.4. Daca verbul se termina in ,,_e", atunci la adaugarea tenninatiei ,,-ing" se omite ,,-e"_ul:
5.4.
to write
- writing
to take
- taking
Cazurile nominativ, acuzatlv ~i dati v ale pronumelor personale precum pronominale posesive sunt cup rinse in tabelul unnator: Nominativ
(~i
~i
adjectivele
Adjective pronominale posesive
Acuzativ
my
me
- pe mine, ma, mie, imi, mi-, -ml
you
your
you
- tie, iti, -ti, dumitale, pe dumneavoastra, pe tine, te
he
his
him
- pe el, iI, 1-, lui, ii, i-
she
her
her
- pe ea, ei, ii
it
its
it
- pe ea, 0, ei, ii, pe el, ii, -I, lui, ii, -. (pentru obiecte, natiuni abstracte~ animale)
we
our
us
- pe noi, ne, naua, ne, ni
you
your
you
- pe voi, va pe dumneavoastra, voua, va, vi
they
their
them
- pe ei, ele, lor, Ie, Ii
Dativ)
I visit him every Monday.
- 11 vizitez in fiecare luni.
He often talks to them.
-
They like me.
- Ei rna plac.
We are talking about her.
- Vorbim despre ea.
Vorbe~te
des cu ei. (Le
vorbe~te des.)
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 5 -Rezolvati exercitiile de mai jos A.
B.
C.
D.
~i
trimiteti-le pentru verificare.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana: 1.
Next week we are going to England.
2.
Who is speaking at the moment?
3.
She is just sending a letter to our mother.
4.
He wants to speak English.
5.
Their sons are just going out of this big building.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: I.
Le dai maine aceasta carte?
2.
Cine conduce acum
3.
Marti la ora
4.
In ficcarc micrcuri scricm scrisori ullor o;lmcni.
5.
In clip<1 aCC<1s!a
~apte
ma~ina
noastra?
fiica noastra vine la noi.
I1U
lucrez in biroul mcu.
Alcatuiti propozitii foJosind urmatoarele cuvinte: 1.
who, us, next, Friday, visiting, is
2.
when, they, Romania, to, coming, are
3.
boy, the, love, girl, the, does
In fiecare din urmatoarele propozitii exista 0 gre~eala. Rescrieti propozitiile, corectand gre~elile: 1.
On every Tuesday I visit my mother.
2.
What time are you takeing this book tomorrow?
3.
Where do you go now?
4.
Who is usually reading books?
5.
We are just going to see his.
LECTIA 6 ,
PARTEA INTAl
lncepem lec(ia noua prin invaiarea catorva cuvinte noi. Repetaii cuvintele ~i fiii atenli la pronuntia corecta: sister
> [sista']
- sora
hand
>[hEnd]
- mana
money
> [mani]
- bani
question
> [k"est~an]
- intrebare
way
> [lief]
- drum, cale
garden
>[ga:'dn]
- gradina
fish
> [fl~]
-
suit
> [su:t]
- costum de haine
animal
> [Enimal]
- animal
to eat
>[tui:t]
- a manca, (a se hrani)
pe~te
Repetati aceste cuvinte in alta ordine: garden
> [ga:'dn]
- gradina
way
> [Uef]
- drum, cale
to eat
>[tui:t]
- a manca, (a se hrani)
question
> [k"est$
- intrebare
fish
> Ills I
-
money
>[manij
- bani
animal
> [Enjmal]
- animal
sister
> [sista'J
-sora
hand
> [hEnd]
-mana
suit
>[su:t]
- costum de haine
Jar acum sa invaiam
~i
pe~te
cateva expresii:
to ask a question
> [tu a:sk a k"est~an]
- a pune 0 intrebare, a intreba ceva
this way
> [DZis Uef]
- pe aici, pe aceasta cale
which way
>
[Uit~
Uef]
- pe unde
Sa vedem acum ciHeva propozitii cu cuvintele noi. Cititi cu voce tare: My sister is a nice girl.
> [mal sista' iz a nais ga:' I]
- Sora mea este ~
I don't want to eat this fish. a: r gauJI1(g)
0
fata draguta.
Nu vreau sa mananc acest
Tomorrow we are going to her garden.
>ll~II1l0raU lli:
Do you want to ask him this question?
>[dlllll: "on t tu a:sk him [Y IS k "est~im]
- Vrei sa-I pui lui aceasta intrebare?
I haven't money.
> l al h Evnt mani]
- Nu am bani.
Their suits are green.
> l lYe? su:ts a:' gri:n]
- Costumele lor sunt verzi.
That woman has nice hands.
> [DIEt Uum[m hEz
- Femeia aceea are maini frumoase.
Have you animals at home?
> [hL:\'
The way to this town is long.
> [Dzb. "el tll D 7 1S taun IZ lon(gl]
(li
ha:' ga:'dn]
nais hEndz] IU:
Enimfdz Et haum]
pe~te.
- Maine mergem in gradina ei.
- Ai acasa animale? - Drumul spre acest este lung.
ora~
Substantivul "bani" se folose~te intotdeauna la singular: VVhereis Inylnoney?
- Unde sunt banii mci?
Completati propozitiile in Iimba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc: Tatal meu are dOli a surori.
- My father has two /SIsters.
Banii ei sunt pe masa.
- Her :>money is on the table.
Mama ~i tatal nostru se plimba acum in gradina.
- Our mother and father are walking in the >garden now.
Cine ii pune acum
- Who is asking him a Xjllcs(lon now?
0
intrebare?
- I want to give them these >suits.
Vreau sa Ie dau aceste costume. Acum mancam
pe~te.
- We are >eatlllg fish at the moment.
Peste 0 saptamana duccm animalele noastre in gradina.
- In a week we are taking our :::iJ.nimals
Fratele tau are in mana cartea mea.
- Your brother has my book in his :>hand.
Eu merg pe aici.
- I'm going this >way.
to the garden.
Traduceti din limba romana in limba engleza: :> I'm in our garden now.
Acum sunt in gradina noastra. Surarii tale ii place sa manance
pe~te.
:> Your sIster likes to eat tish.
EI are bani In mana.
> He bas money
Costumul tau este frumos.
> Your SUIt
Nu Inteleg Intrebarea tao
> I don't understand your questIon.
Pe unde mergi la serviciu de obicei?
> Whicll way do you usually go to work')
Iubese animalele mario
> I love bIg animals.
IS
Il1
bis hand.
IlIce.
Si acum sa vedem cel de-af treilea caz in care se folose-$te timpul Present Continuous. Prezentul continuu se folose:~te -$i atunci cfmd ac!iunea se desfa-$oara in prezent -$i se refera la 0 activitate excepfionalii. l~l acest caz folosim urmiitoarele complemente de timp: today
-
this (week, month)
- aeesta, aeeasta/ln aceasta (saptamana, luna)
aZI
Sa vedem eateva exemple: I usually go to work by bus, but today I am going by car.
>[ai iu.Juali gau tu L1 a.'k bai bas bat tildei 31 EIll gauln lg ) bal ka:']
- De obieei merg la lueru eu autobuzul, dar azi merg eu ma~ina.
We usually eat at home, but this week we are eating at a restaurant.
>["i: iu:juaII l.t Et haum bat DZis "i:k "i: a I i·tln lg )
- De obicei maneam aeasa, dar In aeeasta saptamana maneam la restaurant.
This month I'm writing letters to my sister.
> [DZI s manT' aim raitin lg ) leta'z tu mai sistarJ
- In aeeasta luna scriu scrisori surorii mele.
He usually reads books in the evenings, but today he is going for a walk.
>[hi: !U'juali ri:dz buks in D'I i:vnin lgl bat tadel
- De obieei seara el eite~te earti, dar azi elmerge la pi imbarc.
Et
a restront]
hi: 17. gauI1l 1C1 f'O:' a "o :k I
"I usually go to work by bus, ... "
..... but today I am going by car."
Inainte de a trece la exercitiul urmator, yom invata un cuvfmt nou:
>l hatJ
but
- dar, insa,
totu~i
Completa(l propozi(iile de maijos cu verbele la timpul corespunzator, prezentul continuu sau simplu: Mama mea de obicel lucreaza panil la opt, dar azi lucreaza pfma la cinci.
- My mother usually >\\'orks to eight, but today she >1:' \1 ell kmg to five.
Dimineata merg des la ~eoala, dar in aeeasHi dimineata merg la eumparaturi.
- 1 often >go to school in the morning, but
Tatalui lor ii place sa eitcasca carti dupa-amiaza, dar azi a viziteaza pe mama sa
- Their father >likcs to read books in the afternoon, but today he >is \'isitlng his mother.
In aceasta luna
IlU
this morning 1 >all1 gum!:! shopping.
conduc ma~ina.
- This month 1 >aml1ot driving the car.
Azi nu lunam, dar II duccm pc fiul nostru la Bucurqli.
- Today we >are not working but we are laking our son to Bucharest.
Dupa aceasta pregat!re exerci(iile de traducere nu mai pot constitui
0
problema:
De obicei merg pe jos la lucru, dar azi tatal meu ma va lua eu ma~ina.
> I usucdly walk to work, but today my lalher i:, I;lkmg me by car.
Nu-mi place sa-I vizitez pe aeest baiat, dar saptamana aceasta ma duc la e1.
> I dOll'! like \ll 11:'11 thiS boy. but thiS \Veek ['m gOing tll hll11.
De obicei ei merg la lucru dimineata, dar azi merg dupa-amiaza.
> They u;,ua\\y go III wOlk. in the morning. but today they are gOing in the afternoon.
Nu-mi place sa 0 dar azi 0 a~tept.
a~tept
> 1 don't like to wait for his sister, but today [ 3m waiting.
pe sora lui,
in accasta luna il due in Anglia.
> This month I'm takmg him to England.
lar acum urmcaza vcrbe noi: to fly
>
flU
11:1/1
to bring
> 11\1
hllll'
- a zbura (a calatori eu avionul) '/
to smile (at)
- a aduee - a zambi (euiva)
Sa vedem aeeste verbe in propozitii:
Tomorrow 1'111, flying to Berlin.
> [tamorau ~'")) !lalll/ g )
He often brings her books.
> [hi: orll brill/elz ha:'
That girl is just smiling at you.
> [DZEt garllz djast ~lI1a'lill(gl Et iu:]
tll bil '11I1J
- Maine ealatorese eu avionul la Berlin. - EI..u.aduee des eartiGei.
buks] - Fata aeeea tocmai iti
zambe~te.
Sa verificam daca ati asimJ lat cuvintele no1. Traduceti unnatoarele propozitIi in limba engleza: Maine calatoresc cu avionul la Londra.
> Tomorrow 1'm tlyl11g to London.
Acest baiat imi zambqte intotdeauna.
> This boy always smiles at me.
Tata aduce masa In a doua camera.
> Father is bnngll1g the table to the second room.
Acul11 va vom prezenta din nou cateva cuinte no1. Repetati-le
Cli
voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
plane
> [plelll]
~
aeroplane
> [earaplell1]
- aVlOn
name
> [nelln]
- nume
bedroom
> [bedru.m]
- dormitor
sometimes
> [samtaimz]
- uneori, cateodata
avion
In limba engleza atat "Eu ma numesc .... " cat ~i "pe mine ma cheama" se traduc prin "my name is ...".
Sa exersam cuvintele noi; completati propozitiile in limba engleza: Cateodata
0
vad pe sora lor.
- I >sometimes see their sister.
In aceasta casa sunt trei dormitoare.
- There are three> bedrooms in this house.
Cum te cheama?
- What is your >name?
Cum il eheama?
.- What are their
Imi r1ace sa merg ell aVlOnlil.
'>11,ll1ll"."
I like to go by 'I'LIIIC.
lar acum in cadrlll disCII{iel despre timpul p"ezent conlinuu illlYJ{am 0 regula gramaticala foarte importanta Cll privire la folosirea verbelO1: Exista verbe pe care nu Ie putem folosi ia acest timp. Acestea sunt verbe care exprima senza{ii sau sentimente. lata cateva exemple dinlec{lile anterioare: to see
> [tll si:]
a vedea
to know
> [tll nall]
a
to like
> [tll lazk]
a-i placea, a indragi
to think
> [tll T'in(glkJ
a crede
to want
>,[tu "ont]
"'
a vrea
to have
> [tu hEv]
a avea, a poseda
~ti,
a cunoa~te
to understand
> I tll anda'stlnd]
- a intelege, a pricepe
to be
>[lu bL]
- a f1
lata cateva exemple: sist~ll]
1 know his sister.
>1,\/11,1\1 hlz
I don't understand h1m.
>/
I like you,
>Iu Lllk ru 1
:11
- 0 cunose pe sora lui.
anda'st£nd hJJlIJ
- Nu-linteleg. - Imi placi.
Ciliar 1i /n cazlil /n ('(//"c pc Idngcl aceslr: verbe in propozi{ie se afld expresiile now, just, at the moment /n mod o!Jligll!ul"//I \'(' Iduse,.,·e timplll Prcscnt Simple.
At the mO!llcnt I d(\n'1 sec hil11.
>11
I don't know it nov..
>[ ai daunt nilu It Ilau]
-- Acum nu ~tiu.
I don't understand you now.
>[ ai daunt anela' 51 End ill: nau]
- Acum nu te Inteleg.
I l)l,l
~;j:
millunant ai daunt
-l\'u-l vad acum.
him]
Completati propozitiile Cll verbele corcspunzatoare: Aeum
~tiu
ea maine elmefge la
in aceasta saptamana
0
Bucure~ti.
vad marti.
- Now J >kJj()\v he >IS going to Bucharest tomorrow. - This week 1 >see her on Tuesday.
Tatal nostru nu lucreaza acum In gradina.
- Our father >is not working in the garden now,
Unde merg eu avionul surorile lui maine?
- Where >are his sisters flying tomorrow?
Acc~ti
- These people always >work on Saturdays.
oamcni luereaza Intotdeauna sambata.
Nu VOl' sa meal'ga eu nOI aeolo.
- They >don't want to go there with us.
Cine lucreaza in a doua camera aCllm?
- Who >i, working in the second room now?
Fiul nostru vine acasa de obicei la ora cinci dupa-arniaza, dar azi vine La doua.
- Our son usually >comes home at five in the afternoon, but today he >is coming at two.
Ea TIU vrc<.!
sa mearga ~a ::;coala.
Aces! ceas estc de obicci in camera mea, dar azi este ill d()fmitoruLLui.
- She >doesn't want to go to school. - ThIS clock >is usually in my room, but today it >is in his bedroom.
in cele ce urmeaza ne vom ocupa de plumlul substantivelOl: Acele substantive care la singular au termina{ia -s, -sh, -ch, -x, la plural primesc termina{ia -es, care se pranun{a liz]: >{ bas]
bus
>{baSlz]
- buses - churches
church
Daca substantivul se term ina In -e, la plural prime:;te doar termina{ia -s :;i se pronun{ii la Jel [iz]: house
>{haus]
- houses
>{hauZlZ]
office
>{ oris]
- offices
>{ ofislZ]
Aceea~i
regula este valabila
to teach
>{tu
~i
pentru verbe:
tl.l~]
- a Invata (pe altii), - a preda
he teaches
>[hi:
ti:t~IZ]
Termina{ia -es se Jolose:;te la persoana a treia singular :;i In cazul In care verbul la infinitiv se term ina In -0. to go
>{ tu gau]
- a merge
she goes
Sa exersam regulile. Completati propozitiile In limba engleza pronun\ie! La
Bucure~ti autobuzele
sunt
ro~ii.
Casele de pe strada Garii sunt frumoase. Mama mea preda engleza Intr-o
~coala.
~i
>[~i:
gauz]
cititi-Ie apoi cu voce tare. Atentie la
- In Bucharest >buses are red. - >Houses in Station Street are nice. - My mother >teachcs English in a school.
Sunt unsprezece birouri In aceasta clad ire.
- There are eleven >offices in this building
Sora mea vrea sa viziteze acele biscrici.
- My sister wants to visit those >churches.
Petre merge acolo In fiecare marti.
- Peter >gocs there every Tuesday.
lata cateva verbe noi: to keep
>[tuki:p]
- a tine
to pay (for)
> [tu pel]
- a pillti
to hear
>[tUhlll']
- a auzl
to try
> [tu trail
- a lncerca, a proba
~
Citili urmatoarele propoziFi
~i
fili atenli la pronunlie:
Mary keeps an animal at home.
> lmean ki:ps an Enimal 1:1 hilUm]
- Maria tine acasa un animal.
Her sister teaches them to read every day.
> l 11<1:' snstii'" ti:t~iz DZem III n d ('vri dei]
- Sora ei ii invata in fiecare zi sa citeasca.
Who pays for the books?
> I hLl:
~
Do you hear my father in the garden?
> I dll ill: hia' mai fa:Dza' III [Ya ga:'dn]
- iI auzi pe tatal meu
They are just trying to ask you a question.
> l IYel a: r djast traiin(g) tll a:sk iu: a k"est~an]
- Ei tocmai incearca sa-ti puna 0 intrebare.
PClZ
fo:' DZa buks]
Cine
plate~te caI\ile?
in gradina?
Traduceti in lil1lba cnglaa propozitiile de mai jos: Aculll (ci) inccarca sa scrie lllal1lci lor.
0
scrisoare lunga
> They are trying to write a long letter to their mother now.
Ai animale acasa?
> Do you keep animals at home?
Maine piatim aceste case.
> Tomorrow we are paying for these houses.
Tatallui are birouri in aceasta cladire.
> H is father has offices in this building.
Cine incearca sa iasa din
gr~lliina?
Sunt cateva biserici frumoase in
Bucurc~tl.
> Who is tlying to go out of the garden? >
1'11CIl' ;IIC SOII1C 11ICC
churchcs in Bucharest.
Urnuitoarea regula se refera la pluralul substantivelor care se termina In -yo Daca Inaintea sunelului 0 consoana, atunci la plural terminatia -y se schimba In -i, ~i va fi urmal de lerminatia -es. -y se afla (Ia singular)
baby
- babies
> [beibiz]
country
- countries
>lkantriz]
factory
- factories
Dadi ter-millaria -y a lI/llli sllhstalltiv la singular este preceda,ta de 0 vocala, alunci cuviintul prime~te la plural doar termillatia -s: boy
boys
way
ways
Aeeea~i
>[boiz]
regula esle valabila -?i penlru verbele eu terminatia -y:
to try
he tries
> [hi: tralz]
to pay
she pays
> [~i: peiz]
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza. EI incearca intotdeauna sa fie bun Ea tocmai
plate~te
pentru aceste car-ti.
bebclu~i
nu Ie aud pc mamcle lor.
Acqh baieti vor sa viziteze cateva tari.
~
- She is just >paymg for these books. - His father has some >factones.
Tatallui are cateva fabric!. Acqti
- He always >tlles to be good.
- These >babies don't hear their mothers. - These >boys want to visit some >countnes.
Atentie: verbul ,.to hear" nu poate fi folosit la timpul prezent continuu.
in exercltiul urmator yom veri fica notiumle insu~ite pima acum, refelitoare la pluralul substantlvel
~i la ortografia corecta a verbelor conjugate. Traduceti in limba engleza:
j
Acqti baieti nu vor sa mearga acasa.
> These boys don't want to go home.
Bebelu~ii
> His babies are m the garden now
lui sunt acum in gradina.
Ea incearca sa citeasca
0
carte in fiecare zi.
> She tnes to read one book every day.
in fiecare saptamana Ie trimitem cinci scrisori.
> E\'ery week we send tht:1l1 flvc
In acele tari oamenii traiesc in case mici.
> In those
C()lIntnt:~ 11l'UI'!c
Nu vreau sa Ie cer acestor baieti sa scrie
> I don't
II
,lilt
III ,I,k
I Ie- I'.IY:-'
'ilL'
20 dollars every month.
11\t:
III
IcttCIS.
IIttlc houses.
thc,,,t: hoys to write about it.
despre aceasta. Imi plate~te lunar 20 de dolari.
> I ht::-.e factories are big.
Aceste fabrici sunt mario far acum s(i lnwi!(illl lIIodllllmpcnlliv.
Dacd exprimal11 tin ol"din, verbulnu este precedat de particula to: Go home!
> l gau haumJ
- Mergi acasa! Mergeti acasa!
Read this book!
> [n:d DZ\s buk]
-
Cite~te
aceasta carte!
Cititi aceas(a carte! Bring me a chair!
- Adu-mi
Ull
scaun!
Aduceti-ml lin scaun!
Look at my sister!
> [luk Et mai sista']
-
Think about it'
> [T'mlg1k abaut it]
- Gande;;te-te la asta! Ganditi-va la asta!
Tcach mc l
> [ti:t;; mi:]
~ Invata-ma!
Prive~te-o pe sora mea! Priviti-o pe sora mea!
Invatati-ma.
In limba engleza pentru persoana a daua atat la singular, cat ~i la plural, falosim aceea~i expresie imperativa.
nuni "r(,171 sci expril71am
0
rugaminte, atunci se adallga cuvantlll pleasel pk?] -te rag, va rag:
Ask him for it, please.
> [a:sk him fa:" it pli:z]
- Cere-i lui, te rag.
Pay for this bicycle, please.
> [pei fa:' DZis baisikl pli:z]
- Platqte aceasta bicicleta, te rag.
Doni PIII/i'
\'/'('11/ .1'(/ ordollclm cuiva sau sa rugam pe cineva sa lUI faca ceva, atunci i'naintea verbului se lorII/O I/egative! a allxiliarului do (don't).:ji aici putemfolosi verbul please:
Don't open the window'
> I (LlLInt aupn DZa Uindau]
- Nu deschide fereastra!
Don't go out of yOlll' roo 111.
> I daunt gau aut av io:' rll:l11j
- Nu ie~iti din eamerele voastre.
Don't think about iI, pk:ls\'.
>- I
Don't show me this book, please.
Sa eXl'lsalll Desehidc
ill'l1l't':\IIVltll'l1
1I~:1
,1,1.111111 ' .. III 1111
I >II /
)'1',
pll
hilI.
I
/1
Nu tc giindi la asta, te rag. . Nu-mi arata aeeasta carte, te rag.
:ljlltmul exerci(iului de mai jos: >Open this door!
an'asla'
>Go for a walk!
Du-te la plimhare! Nu merge eu
I
II
ma~in:l,
k rog.
>Don't go by car, please.
Incearca sa-l cum peri I
>Try to buy it!
A~teapta-ma te
>WclIt for me, please.
rag'
>Don 't take my car!
Nu lua ma~ina meal Nu vorbi eu aeeasta
j~lta,
te rag!
>0011' t ta Ik to this girl, please.
Nu lucra seara!
- >Don't work in the evening!
Multume~te-i
- >Thank her for it!
pentru asta!
Trimite aceasta scrisoare, te rag.
>Send this letter, please.
"Open your mouth, please!"
LECTIA 6 - PARTEA A DaDA , In a<.:ea'IS!<1 parte vom recapitula reguJile gramaticale ~i cuvintele noi pe care Ie-am Invii\at In cele dOlla leqii. In prillllli cxcrcitiu silabele accentuate sunt scrise cu Jitere Ingro~ate. Pentru Inceput ascultati doar
What is your name? My name is Peter.
Ilarh:lra: John: Ilarhara:
Is it Sunday today? No, it is Monday, the second day of the week. Isn't Monday the first day of the week? No, Sunuay is the first day of the week in England.
.I 0 11 n:
TOIll' Mary:
Do you like Saturday? Yes, I do. On Saturday I always go to town so I usually have some time to visit my sister. \"II('n do you usually go shopping? I go into some shops on Tuesday and Wednesday.
John: Barbara: John: Barbara:
\Vhal is her name') ller lIallll' IS Sheila. ll's a Jlin' name. Some little babies have nice names. She is smiling at you. Slie always silliles al me to show me she loves me.
Mary: Peter:
\Vho is working herc'! I alll wlII'king hen:, l'nl \\Tiling a letter,
Tom: Barbara: Tom:
Tomorrow they ,Ire going 10 Bucharest to pay fur the houses, But where are they uow'! This morning they are going 10 the post-ofTice. They are going there now.
Mary: John:
I want to ask you a questioll: whk-h way arc Tom and Peter going to the office now? Ask my father, please. I think he knows it.
Peter: Barbara: Peter: Barbara: Peter:
What do you see now? I see a man, a woman and a little boy. Is she talking to the man at the moment? Yes, she is. All right. I'm going there now, Wait for me in the garden.
Mary: .I ohn:
When do you want to go to England? I want to go there next year, but I don't know English .
Ilarbara: I ()Ill:
Is the first house your house'! No, Peter has the first house and John has the third. Our house hasn't a garden. It is the second.
TOIIJ:
Mary:
Jar acum yom verifica intregul material nou din aceste doua Jectii. Traduceti in limba englez3 propozi1iile de mai jos: Vreau sa trimit aceste scrisori vineri.
> J want to send these letters on Fnday.
Aceasta carte este pentru tine.
> This book
Cred ca aceasta scrisoare este lunga.
> I thmk this letter is long.
Tine acest stilou ~i scrie-i
> Take this pen and write a letter to her.
0
scrisoare.
IS
for you.
Romania ~i Anglia sunt tari frumoase.
>
Sambata voi merge la plimbare.
> On Saturday I'm gOll1g for a walk.
Mancam des in gradina.
> We often eat in the garden.
Cui ii place sa citeasca carli?
> Who loves to read books?
Miercuri la noua sunt intotdeauna acasa.
> At nine on Wednesday I'm always at home.
Tocmai iqim din casa.
> We are just going aLIt of the house.
Acum incearca s-o citeasca?
> Is he trying to read it now?
Maria nu viziteaza aceasta biserica acum.
> Mary IS not vIsiting thlS church now.
Cat este ceasul acum?
> What time is it now')
$tiu romane~te, dar nu ~tiu engleza.
> I know RonWIII:lIl hut I dOll't know English.
Cine
Rom~lIlla
and England are nice countries.
vorbe~te engleze~te?
Ace~ti bebelu~i sunt
aici.
> I Ill'Sl' lillie
In dormitorul mcu se alla un pat ~i un hirOlI. Fiica lui are ochi
alba~tri ~i
() gura
ro~ie.
- I hl'l C
~lIC
h~lbles
are here.
a bed and a desk in my bedroom.
> His daughter has blue eyes and a Icd IIlouth.
Mama mea lucreaza acum in bucatarie.
> My mother is working
Luna viitoare (ei) zboara cu avionul in Anglia.
> Next month they are flying hy pl:llIe
Peste zece zile ne ducem la ei.
> We are going to them III tell d:IYS
Maine ne iei
~i
pe noi cu tine?
In
the kIll hCIl IlOW.
to England.
> Are you taking us With you tomorrow?
Da-i lui aceasta bicicleta, te rog.
> Give him this hicyck, pkase.
Sora ei se plimba acum in gradina.
> Her sister IS walking
EI are un costum verde.
> He has a green suit.
$i pe~tele este un animal.
> A fish IS also an animal.
Vrei sa ma intrebi ceva?
> Do you want to ask me a question'!
III
the garden now.
Crezi ca este ace~ti bani?
> Do you think it's a good way to get (h is money')
cale buna de a obtine
0
>I
De obicei lucrez luni, dar azi nu lucrez. Cine imi Adu-mi
work on Monday but today I am
> Who is smiling at me')
ziimbe~te?
ace~ti
l\:,u~d]y
not work j ng.
> Bring me tills money
bani.
Cum il cheama?
> What is his name'!
Acum nu-I vad.
> I don't see it now.
lar acum, sa exersam prol1llI1tia vocalelor din urmatoarele grupuri de cuvinte: (u]
I ei I
Ii]
[ E]
[ ai]
[ i]
good
way
keep
hand
try
sister
book
pay
teach
man
my
office
look
day
eat
animal
baby
read
this five
visit
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 6 , 6.1.
Cuvimtul "money" este Intotdeauna folosit la singular. My money is on the table.
6.2.
6.3.
- Banii mei sunt pe masa.
In limba engleza atat "ma numesc", cat ~i "pe mine ma cheama" se traduc prin "my name is. " nume~ti?
What is your name?
- Cum te cheama?/Cum te
My name is Mary.
- Ma numesc Mana.lMa cheama Maria.
His name is Peter Smith.
- El se numqte/pe el Jl cheamalnumele lui este Peter Smith.
What are their names?
- Cum Ii cheama.?
Exista verbe care nu pot fi folosite la timpul prezent continuu. Acestea sunt verbele car __ exprima senzatii sau sentimente: to see
- a vedea
to know
- a ~ti, a cunoa~te
to like
- a-i placea, a i'ndragi
to think
- a crede
to hear
-
to want
- a vrea, a dori
to have
- a avea, a poseda
to understand
- a i'ntclcgc, a pi iccpe
to be
-- a fi
I don't understand you. I think you are right.
a aUZI
Nu te i'nleleg. - Cred ca ai dreptate.
6.3.1. $i i'n cazul In can: i'n propozi(iile care conlin aceste verbe figureaza expresiile "now, just, at the moment", trebuie folosit timpul prezent simplu: Now I don't understand him.
- Acum nu-l i'nteleg.
6.3.2. Daca din context reiese ca aqiunea se desfa~oara tocmai i'n momentul vorbirii, atunci expresiile "now, just, at the moment" pot lipsi din propozitie:
6.4.
Where are you going?
- Unde te duci?
We are going to school.
- Mergem la
~coala.
Pluralul substantivelor 6.4.1. Daca substantivulla singular se termina in ,,-s, -sh, -ch, -x" pluralul se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei ,,-es" care se pronunta intotdeauna [1/ J : bus
- buses
church
- churches
Daca in afara de terminatile de mai sus cuvantulla singular mai are ~i terminatia ,,-e", atunci la plural prime~te doar un ,,-s" ~i pronuntia este de asemenea[ IZ].
6.4.2. Daca intr-un cuvant la singular tenninatia ,,-y" este precedata de 0 consoana, atunci la plural ,,-y" -ul se transforma in ,,-i", la care se adauga tennina(ia ,,-es":
6.5.
baby
- babies
factory
- factories
Fonnarea timpului prezent simplu la persoana a treia singular prin adaugarea la verb a sufixului ,,-es".
6.5.1. Daca la infinitiv verbul are terminatia ,,-s, -sh, -ch,-x" sau ,,-0", atunci la persoana a treia singular prill1e~te sufixul ,,-es" care se pronunta intotdeauna [iz]: teach
- teaches
go
- goes
6.5.2. Daca infinitivul vcrbului are tenninatia ,,-y" precedata de 0 consoana, atunci la persoana a treia singular ,,-y"-ul se transforma in "i", la care.se adauga sufixul ,,-es": - tries
try
6.6.
f'ropozi(iilc imperative (1.(1.
I. ()aca vrCI11 sa expnmam un ordin folosim forma de infinitiv scurt a verbului,
fara particula "to": (,0
home!
- Mergi acasa!
()aca vrcm sa nc cxprimam politicos sau vrem doar sa cerem ceva, atunci se adauga cuvanlul "please": - Deschide
Open the door, please.
6.6.2. Daca ordonam cuiva sa nu (don't) inaintea verbului:
t~lca
Putem folosi cuvantul "please" pentru
6.6.3.
te rag.
ceva, atunci forma negativa a verbului auxiliar "do"
Don't go home!
Don't take it, please.
u~a,
- Nu merge acasii' 0
exprimare politicoasa:
- Nu-l lua, te rog.
In limba engleza, aceea~i forma de imperativ se poate referi aHit 1a singular cat ~i 1a plural: Go home!
- Mergi acasal Mergeli acasii'
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 6 Rezolvati
A.
B.
c.
~i
trimiteti pentru verificare exercitiile de mai jos:
Traduceti unniHoarele propozitii in limba romana: 1.
We don't want to visit that man today.
2.
Don't try to take this book!
3.
Who teaches Romanian in this school?
4.
Are the babies at home?
5.
What are their names?
6.
Where is your money?
Traduce1i urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: I.
El ii aude in clipa asta?
2.
Aceste doua fabrici sunt in apropierea statiei?
3.
Mergi la tata
4.
Cine vrea sa puna
5.
Unde sunt aceste biserici?
6.
Maine nu am timp sa
~i
cere-i bani! 0
intrebare?
0
scriu
in propozi\iik: unnaloan: ex Isla gn:~eli. Corecta\i-le ~i rescrieti fiecare propozitie: 1.
He isn't knowlI1g lhis girl.
2.
In eighteen days I go to Bucharest.
3.
He's name is Peter.
4.
Our bois are good.
5.
Her daughter trys to get the car.
6.
You don't read this book, please.
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 5 SI , , 6 >
aeroplane
> ll'ar~lpleinJ
- aVlon
animal
/
I EJ1im~d]
- animal
to ask a question
>
I III
- a pune
at the moment
> I Ll [Va maumant]
baby
>
bed
> [ heLlJ
- pat
bedroom
> lbcdrll:m]
~
book
>
to bring
> [Ill hrin(gl]
- a aduee (eu sine)
but
> [batJ
- dar, i'nsa,
to conle
> [tu kam]
- a veni, a ajunge
daughter
> I do: 1;I'J
- fiica
desk
>
dollar
> 1(101:\',
to eat
>
eighteen
> [eiti:nJ
- optsprezece
eleven
> [ilevn J
- ullsprezece
England
> [ ingland]
- Anglia
English
> [ingli~ J
- englez
eye
> (all
- ochi
fifteen
>
I Ii It i 111
- cincisprezece
fish
;
I t 1,1
-
to fly
> 1111
fourteen
>
Friday
> Ilraid i j. l frairiei]
- vmer!
garden
> [ga.'dn]
- gradina
to give
> [tL! glvJ
- a da, a dami
hand
> [hEnd]
- mana
to hear
> [tu hia']
- a auzi
her
> [ ha:']
- pe ea, ei, ii, -i; ei/sau;sai, sale
, ~
)
,,-.
l~lhaut]
about
I [wi\) )]
l bukJ
I desk I
I tll ill
I r"
despre, de, eu privire la
0
intrebare
- ill acest moment, chiar acum -
bcbelu~
dormitor
- carte
totu~i
- masa de scris, birou, pupitru, banea - dolar - a maoea, a se hril11i
pe~te
li"'1
- a zbura
'Iinj
- paisprezece
':
here
>[hia'J
- aici, pe aici
him
>[hllnJ
- pe el, ii, 1-, lui, ii, i-,
In
>[II1J
- in, la, inauntrul
It
>[ ItJ
- aceasta, asta (pentru obiecte, noti uni abstracte, animale)
just
>[ dpstJ
- tocmai, chiar
to keep
>[tu hpj
- a tine
kitchen
>[ kit~an J
- bucatarie
letter
>[ leta'J
- scnsoare
little
>[litIJ
- mic, un pic, putin
to love
>[tu lavJ
- a iubi, a-i fi drag
man
>[mEnJ
- barbat
me
>[mi:J
- pe mine, ma, mle, imi, mi, -mi
Monday
>[mandl], [mandelJ
-luni
money
>[m3mJ
- bani
month
>[manT'J
- luna (calendaristica)
mouth
>[mauT'J
- gura
name
>[neim]
- nume
next
>[nekstJ
lIrma(or, care urmeaza
nineteen
>[nalilti 111
l10uasprezece
now
>1 '1.l1I1
- acum
out of
·'1 ,1111 :1 \ 1
- din (de ex. a scoate ceva din cev?-'-.
to pay (for)
.~ II I
pen
>1 pL'1l1
- stilou
plane
>lpklnj
- avion, aeroplan
please
>[plnJ
- te rag, fii amabil
post-office
> [paust ofisJ
- oficiu
question
> [k "est~anJ
- intrebare
to read
>[tu ridJ
- a citi
right
>[raltJ
- drept, potrivit, corect
all right
>[o:lraltJ
- in ordine, in regula
I
11\'/1
- a plati (ceva/pentru ceva)
po~tal
on the right
>[ on [Ya rait]
- in dreapta, in partea dreapUi
to the right
>1 tll [Ya ral1]
-la dreapta
to be right
>[ tu bi. ralt]
- a avea dreptate
Romania
>[rumemia]
- Romania
Romanian
>[ rumeinian]
- roman
Saturday
>[sEta'di], [sEta'dei]
- sambata
to send
>[ tu send]
- a trimite
to show
>[ tu
seventeen
>[sevnti:n]
-
sister
>[ sist~l']
- sora
sixteen
>[sikstin]
-
to smile (at)
>[ tu smail l:tJ
- a zambi (cuiva)
sometimes
>[ samtaimz]
- cateodata, uneori
son
>[ san]
- fiu
suit
>[su:t]
- costum de haine
Sunday
>[ sandi], [sandel]
- duminica
to talk (to/with)
>[tu to:k]
- a vorbi, a conversa
to teach
>[tu
them
>[IYcm]
the third
>11 )1;1 I ';1
~au]
- a arata ~aptesprezece
A
thirteen
.-......
·1
Thllrsday
ti:t~]
;1 IIi
:1
~alsprezece
- a preda, a invata (pe altii) -
'
III
'/dll.1 I ·:t.'/(!c/J
pc ci/clc, lor, Ie, Ii al treilea
- treisprezece - joi
lOlllO'l'OW
·ll.lfllOI
- maine
to try
··1
- a incerca, a proba
Tuesday
'1I/lI/(li j, [tiuzdei]
- marti
twelve
"11 ''L-I \' I
- doisprezece
twenty
>11"clllll
- douazeci
to understand
>[ tll :IIHL!'stEnd]
- a intelege, a pricepe
us
>[ as]
- pe noi, ne, noua, ne, ni
way
>[ Uei]
- drum, cale, direc(ie
Wednesday
>["enzdi], [Uenzdei]
- mlercun
week
>[Ui:k]
- saptamana
what time...?
>[ Uot taim]
-la ce ora?
t 1I 11';\ i I
whIch way?
>
with
> ["iDzJ
- eu, ilTIpreuna eu
you
> [iu")
- tie, Iti, \1, dumneavoastra, voua, va, vi, pe tine te, pe dumneata, pe dvs , pe voi, va
["lt~
"el ]
- pe care drum, in ee direetie?
DINCOLO DE PRIMII PASI , Ati lacut deja primii pa~i in invatarea limbii engleze. Ati constatat probabil, ca va este din ce in ce mai u~or sa intelegeri propozitiile simple. S-ar putea sa averi greutari cu unele structuri gramaticale sau cu unele cuvinte, dar aceasta este ceva obi~nuit. In curand veti putea folosi lara nici 0 dificultate ~i aceste forme mai complicate. Pentru a va ajuta, de aCU111 inainlc, 1a inceputul fiecarui manual, vom prezenta 0 recapitulare a regulilor gramaticalc inva\alc in caiclul precedent. Repetarea sistematica a celor invatate va ajuta sa vii t1xa\i no\illnilc deja s{lldiate ~i (o(odata, va stimuleaza dezvoltarea cuno~tinrelor de limba cnglcza.
-
Mull sucCt,:s' [>rofcsorul dUl11l1cavoaslra
© Copyright by EUROCOR - lnstitutul European de Cursuri prin Corespondentii S.R.L.
2000 ISSN 1453-8474
INDRUMAR PENTRU REZOLVAREA TEMEI 1.
Va rugam, incepcti rezolvarea temei pentru acasa numai dupa ce ati parcurs intregul material, ati repetat euvinteJc ~i ati rczolvat lara gre~eli ultimele exercitii de verificare. Inainte de a Ineepe rezolvarea acestcia va reeomandam sa studiati eu atentie ~i sa reeititi Inc(\ 0 data (cxlul, urmarind regulile pe care recapitularea Ie aeccntucaZ~1 prill plillclarc.
2.
Atunci c;\lld Illva\,1I1l (l I iII lila sl ra inil, accasta trebuie exersata ~i repetata cu aceea~i perscvcrcn\a Cll can.: am lllva\at sa ll1crgem. In acest scop v-au fost propuse 0 serie dc cxerci\ii. Va slIgcr,lnl sa rcvedqi din cand In cand matcrialul deja parcurs. In sClIrt limp, cllrsantlll sc V:I cOllvinge ca aeest lucru nu estc lipsit de sens. Tema implica Illtotdeauna ~i repclarca maleriei din JcqiiJc anterioare. Obi~nuiti-va cu acest mod de Jucru, care, In mod spontan ~i f
3.
Propunerea noastra este sa incepeti rezolvarea temei folosind cioma. Va fi mai u~or sa va corectati ~i sa propuncti mai multe posibile raspunsuri, iar la sfar~it sa alcgeti varianta care vi se pare a fi eea mai buna.
4.
Transcriqi tema "pc curat" doar cand sunteti siguri de rezolvare. Pentru trimiterea temelor folositi fonnu]arelc tipilrite In aeest seor.
5.
Nu uitati sa va seriqi numeJc, prel1ume!e, adresa, codu! profesorului ~i numarul dc cursant sub care ati fost inregistrat. Acesta din urma se gase~te in scrisoarea care confirma participarea dvs. la curs.
6.
Va rugam scrieti citet!
7.
Alaturati temei pentru acasa un plic timbrat autoadresat. In acest plic veti primi tema corectata.
R.
Este foarte important sa notati pc pJic numarul de cursant sub care ati fost Inrcgistrat!
9.
In cazulln care comandati matcriale noi de curs, sau aveti alte cereri legate de relatii1e eu publicul, scrieti-Ie separat pe 0 foaie de hartie ~i trimiteti-le pe adresa noastra impreuna cu tema. In coltul din stanga jos al scrisorii, scrieti "Relatii cu publicul".
10.
Dumneavoastra sunteti cel care stabile~te termenul de tnmltere a temei. Independent de acesta, luerarea dumneavostra va fi intotdeauna eontrolata ~i retrimisa de eiltre profesor.
Veti vedea, eforturile dumneavoastra vor fi rasplatite. Va dorim mult succes!
" " PARTEA INTAl
LECTIA 7 ,
Pentru inceput iata cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi cu voce tare: brother
> [braDZa ' ]
- frate
friend
> Ifrend]
- prieten
horse
> [ho:'s]
- cal
ship
>
cigarette
> [sigaret]
- tigara
the fourth
> [Dca fo:'T']
- al patrulea, a patra
year
> [iia ' ]
- an (calendaristic)
foot
> [fut]
- laba piciorului
radio
> [reidiau]
- radio
song
> [son(gl]
- dintec, melodie
music
> [l11iu:zik]
- mUZlca
family
> I IF, 111 iii]
- familie
[~ip]
- nava, vapor
Acum repcla\i clivintele in alta online:
year
> Ild\
- an (calendaristic)
ship
> I sip]
- nava, vapor
family
> [fEmili]
- familie
horse
> [ho:'s]
- cal
friend
> [frend]
- prieten
radio
> [rcidiau]
- radio
musIc
> 111I1IL/ik I
- muzica
brother
> I hral)/:I'J
- frate
cigarette
> I sigaret]
- tigara
song
>
the fourth
> I D'a fo:'P]
- al patrulea, a patra
foot
> l fut]
- laba piciorului
l ~Oll(gl]
- dntec, melodic
Sa folosim aceste cuvinte in propozltii: My brother is looking at a big horse.
> [mal bi aDl~l' IZ luklt1(gi Et a big ho 's]
- Fratele meu se uita la un cal mare.
Bring me your cIgarettes!
> [bnn(g) mI:
- Aduceti-mi tlgarile voastre!
I hear a song on the radio.
> [al hia:' a son lg ) on DZa rCldliiu]
- Aud
We are gOlllg to England by ship tomonow.
> [L1 I: a:' gault1(g) tu in(glgland
- Maine mergem cu vaporul in Anglia.
Our family likes to visit London.
> [aua! fEmill lalks tu villt land an]
My friend is coming to me tillS year.
> [mal frend DIIS 11'1']
[ live In the fourth house in this street.
>['1111\ In IYa (c).'T' haus IIJ O/IS stn:t]
- Locuiesc in a patra casa de pe aceasta strada.
Look at
> [luk Et hlz rait fut]
- Uita-te la piciorullui drept!
> [dull! la/k miu zik]
- Iti place muzica?
11lS
right foot!
Do you hke music?
bal ~IP
10:'
slgarets]
tamorau]
IZ kallllll
lgi
lu
0
melodie la radIO.
- Familiei noastre ii place sa viziteze Londra. 1111:
-
Prietenul meu vine la mine anul acesta.
intI-una din propozltiile anterioare ati intalnit expresia: 011
I
~ (JI)
the rad 10
I Vd I "f(!I.1I11
-la radio
Acum, cOl11pletati propozitIle in limba engJeza. Folositi filtrul Este/Exlsta un radio in aceasta fabrica? Nu
cunoa~tem aceasta
ro~u:
- Is there a >radio in this factory?
familie.
- We don't know this >family.
Vad un cal pe fereastra.
- I see a >horse through the window.
Te doare piciorul?
- Does your >foot hurt?
La anul merg la
~eoala.
- I'm going to school in a >yeal. - Their
Tigarile lor sunt pe birou. Lui ii place sa mearga cu trenul
~i
>CIg~\l cttes
arc on the desk.
- He likes to go by train and by >sIll 11 .
cu vaporul.
El este eel de-al patrulea frate al meu.
- I-J e is my >1 (JlIII h brother.
Mamei tale ii place muziea?
- Does your mother like >music?
Prietenul meu nu are surori.
- My >Ji"iend has no sisters.
Imi place mult aeest eantec.
- I love this >song.
2
Oupa cum ati observat, inamtea substantivulUi music (muzica) nu se pune nici un fel de articol.
Urmariti cu atentie felul in care este folosit cuvantul of in urmatoarele expresii: a cup of coffee
>
a lot of cars
> I a lot av ka:'z]
- a mu1time de
a piece of paper
> [a
- a bucata de hartie
some of my friends
> l sam a V mal frendz]
[,1
kilp
kofl]
- a
ilV peipa']
pl.S
cea~ca
de cafea ma~ini
- cativa prieteni de-ai mei
lata cuvintele noi din expresiile de mai sus: cup
> [kap]
-
coffee
> [koti]
- cafea
a lot of
>[alotav]
- a multime de, foarte mult,
cea~ca
foarte multi pIece
> [pJ:S]
- bucata
paper
> [pelpa']
- hartie
('111'(/11111/
of ('.I'll' /oIO.l'ill)('1I11'1I
exprill/il ,,\'i ('illIllIl//('1/
('II
iI nj!l'Il1/iI IJO.l'(',\iil
illlllol'lIlll1l
(If f)('
(ceva/cineva aparline cuiva).
f)(' iI,\'('/I11'Il1'il, pul1'/n
(,H'II/IJlII:
() cca~ca de ca rea (dill toata cantitatea de cafea)
a cup of coffee
Of poate fi intiilnit ii in expresia de mailos: some of
- catva, cativa,
ni~te,
ceva
lata denumirea catorva alimente in limba engleza: tea
> [tl ]
- ceal
beer
> [hJa'J
- bere
water
'>
1"0
- apa
sugar
. . . I \llll:,1 I
- zahar
pm
> I dll III1
- gem, dulceata
honey
>111.11111
- miere (de albine)
cheese
> I hi /1
-
bread
> l hledl
- paine
butter
>lbaUJ
- unt
"I'I
ca~caval,
branza
Sa exersarn aeeste euvmte. Tractueep in Illnba engleza: eafea
~i
eeai
> cotfe and tea
paine
~i
unt (piiine eu unt)
> ,bread and buller
ca~cavaI ~i
bere
~i
> cheese and jam
dulceata
> beer and water
apa
> sugar and honey
zahar ~i rniere
1"'_~
Cuvintele de mai sus sunl slIhslanlive carl' IlU au plural. Existii ~i in limba romdnii asemenea substantive: de exemp/u, za//(11: j'aso/I', SI'II', l11iere Aceastti categorie cuprinde - printre altelesubstantivele care denul11esc materia; de exemplu: 1.
lichide, de exemplu: coffee, tea, water, beer, milk
2.
substante solidI', de exemplu: sugar, coffee
3.
gaze, de exemplu: air [ea' ]- aer
4.
produse ca: bread, cheese etc.
Nu uitati ca inaintea aeestor substantive nu folosim artieolul nehotarat "a/an". SubstantivuI "money" faee parte tot din aeeasta grupa. (Atentie! Denurnirea monedei (exemplu: "dolar", "leu") are plural.
Sa folosim in propozitii substantivele rara plural. Tradueeti in limba engleza: Vreau sa am a rnultime de bani.
> I want tu have a lot of money,
Vrei eafea?
> Do you want coffee?
Vrei sa manallei paine eu dulceata?
> Do you want to eat bread WIth jam') 4
>
Baiatul acela manfmca piiine cu miere. Banii mei sunt pe
Th~lt
bo')
IS
> My money
mas~l.
eatll1g bread wIth honey. lS
on the table.
Pentru expril11area cantitiitii folosil11 urnuitoarele douii cuvinte: > [menll
many
- multi, multe, numero~i, numeroase (se folose~te doar cu substantIvele care au plural) - mult, multa (se folose~te cu substantivele care nu au plural)
much
Sa vedem ciiteva exemple: She has many cars.
> [SI hL/ mcnJ ka 'z]
- Ea are multe
1 haven't much money.
> [al hE\ nt llldt 0 mal1l]
- Nu am multi bani.
ma~ini.
lntrebiirile referitoare la cantitate in limba englezii sunt: How many?
> [hau mel1l]
- cati? cate? (in cazul substantivelor care au plural)
How much?
>[haumats]
- cati? ciite? (in cazul substantivelor care nu au plural)
DL: L:xL:nlplu:
How many people do you know?
> 111.\1\
How much sugar do you want?
> [hall mats suga' du Ill: "ont]
till III
I\}\"\I'
. Ciiti oameni
I" I"
cuno~ti?
1],111\
- Ciit zahar vrei?
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Ea are multe carti
engleze~ti.
- She has >many English books.
Nu am mult ceai.
- I haven't >mLlch tea.
Ciita piiine vreti sa miincati?
- >How much bread do you want to eat?
Ciita bere vor sa aduca?
- >How much beer do they want to bring?
Avem multi prieteni.
- We have >m.lIly friends.
Ciit ceai vrei?
- >How llluch tea do you want?
Cite
ce~ti
de ceai vrea sora dumneavoastra?
Cate bucati de pe farfurie?
ca~caval
sunt
- >How many cups of tea does your sister want? - >HO\\ many pieces of cheese are on the plate?
Expresla a lot of po ate fi folosita atiit cu substantivele care au plural, cat ~i cu cele care nu au plural.
Sa invatam cateva cuvinte noi: cheap
>[t~I:p]
- ieftin
expensIve
> [Ikspenslv J
- scump, costisitor
together
> [tageOZa']
- impreuna
a little
>[alitl]
- putin, catva, ceva (cu substantive care nu au plural)
dog
>Idog]
- caine
more than
>lllw
because
>[blkozj
- pentru ca, fiindca, deoarece
less than
> [les OlEn]
- mai putin deciit, mai putin de
around
> [al allnd]
- in jurul, prin apropiere
fast
>[fa:st]
- repede, iute, rapid
what about
>["ot abaut]
- ce ar fi sa",? cum starn cu.. ,? , ? ce mal e cu ''
easy
>1 i /11
-
to buy
,>1111 h.lll
- a cumpara, a face cumparaturi
I
- mai mult/mai muM decat, mai mulWmai multe decat
IVI'Il[
u~or,
Iar acum sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozi(ii, Cititi-le cu voce tare
~i
simplu
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
The chairs are around the table,
>[Dla t~ea'z a:' arallnd DZa te/bl]
These ships are fast
>[OZI:Z
English is easy,
>[in(g)gli~
I have more cars than you.
>[al hEy mo.' ka:'z OZEl1/lL]
- Am mai multe
Buy me this bicycle I
>[bal mi: OilS baislklJ
- Cumpara-mi aceasta bicicleta!
It's cheap.
>(1\:' t~1
I'm not buying this house, because it's expensive.
>1;\lIllIlI>t h,I/IIl''') 1)'1\ 11.ltlS
He has less money than his brother.
>[hl' h[z k~ III all I [YEn hiz bl aD!;j' J
blko/
~IPS
a:' fa:st]
- Scaunele sunt in jurul mesei.
- Aceste vapoare sunt rapide.
IZ i.zi]
- Engleza este
pJ
u~oara. ma~ini
decal tine.
- Este ieftin.
II~ Ibl'(,II\I\'
6
I
- Nu cumpar aceasta casa, deoarece este scumpa. - El are mai putini bani decat fratele sau.
Give me a little beer, please.
>[gIV 1m: a litl b1a' plI:z]
- Va rag, dati-mi putina bere.
What about Mary?
>["ot abaut meari]
- Ce mai face Mary?
Do you love your dog?
> [du
Are we going there together?
>[a.'"1. gauJl1(g) OZea' tagerYa']
IU
lay io:' dog]
- Va iubiti cainele? - Mergem impreuna acolo?
Refinefi deosebirile dintre expresiiIe de mai jos. Ambele suntfolosite cu suhstantive care nu au plural. a little
- putin, catva, ceva
little
- mic, putin
De exemplu: I have a little money.
- Am ceva bani.
I have little money.
- Am putini bani.
Cuvantul little poate ji folosit ii ca adjectiv, ii atunci se traduce prin: mic, infim . In acest caz, fnaintea lui poate sta ii un articol; de exemplu: She has a little dog.
- Ea are un caine mic.
Comrletati rrorozitiile in lirnba engleza cu cuvintele noi: AI11 doi cill1li
~i
Ii iuhl:sc.
I have two ><1",,,, and] love them.
Prima ma~ina este iertina, a dona
The first ear is
este scumpa.
IS -T\lll'II';IVl·.
Peste 0 saptamana mergem impreuna in Anglia.
>1'111'.11)
and the second
- In a week we are going to England >together.
"Peter has less money than Mary." 7
Am mai putina bere decat Peter.
- I have >kss beer than Peter.
Este u~or sa scrii?
- Is it >easy to write?
Vreau sa mananc putina paine.
- I want to eat >;) lIttle bread.
Vreti mai multi bani?
- Do you want >11101 c money?
El se plimba in jurul acestei cladiri.
- He is walking >around this building.
Merge intotdeauna repede?
- Does he always walk >fast?
Cu mine cum ramane?
- >What about me?
lata cateva verbe noi: a~eza,
> [tll SIt]
- a se
to smoke
> [tu sm3uk]
- afuma
to worry
> [tu"ori]
- a se nelini~ti, a se ingrijora, a-~i
a
~edea
to sit
face griji
- a canta
to sing
$i acum sa introducem verbele noi in propozitii. Cititi cu voce tare:
I ",.,,'
Where do you want to sit?
>
How many cigarettes do you smoke every day'!
~> 111,1111111'111 '.1".11 ('I'· till III
Mother always worries about her daughters.
>
She is singing a nice song on the radio now.
>
till
"II. II iI.
III
(' \I
11l1a1Y~I'
I
~
III ',(11
"0111
- Cate tigari fumezil fumati zilnic?
(lc-rl
O:I" CIZ " onz aballt
ha.' do:t<.l'z] [~i:
iz sin(glin(g)
Unde vrei sa stai?
a DaIS
- Mama se ingrijoreaza intotdeauna pentm fiicele sale. - Acum ea canta 0 melodie placuta la radio.
son(gl on DZa reidiau nau]
Incercati sa traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Ea fumeaza mai mult decat tatal ei.
- She
Nu-ti face griji!/Nu va faceti griji!
- DOll'1
El vrea sa cante Vrem sa ne
0
melodie
u~oara.
smokes !11ore t h:lIl hel Lithe!.
\\'0111' I
- I Ie \\:ln1s to Slllg all C<.lSY song.
a~ezam aici.
- We want to sit hele.
8
far acum vom Inviirajolosirea genitivului cu apostroj 's, (the Saxon Genitive l [Y<\ Se joloseite de obieei pentru persoane. 1.
s~<:k s 111
dJenitiv
n.
La singular: Genitivul se jormeazii punand Injarii posesorul urmat de un apostrof ii litera s. Apoi urmeazii obieetul posedat: Ma~ina
- Mary's car
Mariei.
Tatal Mariei.
2.
- Mary's father
La plural: Daeii substantivul este la plural ii se terminii eu litera s atund se adaugii doar un apostrof: ma~ina fratilor
- my brothers' car
mei
Dadi substantivul aflat la pluralnu se terminii In -s atul1ci se adaugd atat apostroful cat Ifi litera s: casa acestor oameni
- these people's house
> [ozl:Z pi.plz ballS]
De exemplu: ma~ina
My mother's brother has a nice car.
- Fratele mamei mele are 0
Where is your father's office?
- Unde este biroul tatalui tau?
This is Illy li'iends' house.
Aeeasta estc casa prietenilor mei.
Do you like Mary's dog?
1\1 place eflinclc Marici?
frumoasa.
Do you know our driver's sister?
- a cuno~ti pc sora ~oferului nostru?
Their brother's bicycle is very good.
- Bicicleta fratelui lor este foarte buna.
I always take my friend's son with me.
- lntotdeauna il iau cu mine pe fiul prietenului meu.
Our family's friends are young.
- Prietenii familiei noastre sunt tineri.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Prietenul fratelui sau este
~i
prietenul meu.
• - >H IS hi othCI',,; ~lrl's
1'1
lend is also my friend.
Cartea acestei fete este pe masa.
- >TllIS
Vad casa surorii mele.
- I see >my slster's house.
Vrei sa ma duci la apartamentul fratelui tau?
- Do you want to take me to >your brother's apartment?
Cine vrea sa vada birourile tatalui nostru?
- Who wants to see >our father's of1]ces?
9
book is on the table.
Dacii substantivul (posesorul) nu denume~te 0 jiin!ii, atuncl se folose~te cuvantul of pentru exprimarea gemtivului: the window of this room
> [DZa L1indau av
Pentru jiin!e, se pot folosi ambele construc!ii, cu my father's room
=
DZ1S
ru m]
acela~i
- fereastra acestei camere
in!eles:
the room of my father
my friends' car = the car of my friends
in limba englezil, genitivul cu apostrof este mal des falosit. In exercitiul urmator, transformati genitivul cu apostrof in genitivul format cu prepozitia of. Daca transformarea nu este posibila, repetati propozltia originala: my brother's daughter
> thc daughter of my brother
a cup of coffee
> a cup of coffee
my father's book
> the book of my father
the house of Mary
> Mary's house
the bicycle of my brother
> my brother's blcycle
my son's room
> the room of my
a month of the year
> a month of the year
the rooms of the house
> the lOoms of the house
the mouth of" the horse
> tllc
hOI ~c'~
> thl'
~Istcl of
SOI1
1l1Oulh
two pieces of bread their friend's sister
thclI fllcnds
$i acum sii invii!iim un nou verb: can [kEn] - a putea, a fi capabil, a
~ti.
Acest verb face parte din grupa verbelor modale, ceea ce inseamnii cii forma lui este ldentlcii la toate persoanele, iar verbul care-l urmeazii I1U are particula to. lata cateva exemple: I can drive a car.
> [al kEn dralv aka:']
-
~tiu
sa conduc
(0 ma~il1a). [~I'
She can give you this book.
>
My brother's friend can sing this song.
> [mal bralYa'; IIL'IH! kEn SIl1'SI lYls SO\1(' IJ
- Prietenul fratelui meu poate sa cante acest cantec.
They can sit on these chairs.
> [OZel kEn Sit on IYJ.z t$ea' z]
- Ei pot sa stea pe aceste scaune.
kLn glv
IU.
IYls hukl
10
- Ea poate sa-ti dea aceasta carte.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii: > I c:ln
Pot sa mananc zece mere. Sora mamei mele
~tie
sa vorbeasca
engleze~te.
C:l(
ten apples.
> My mother's sister can speak
Ei pot sa plateasca biletele noastre.
> They c:ln pay for our tickets.
Putem sa fumam in aceasta camera.
> \Ve cfln
Poti sa
vorbe~ti
cu noi despre asta.
~Ill()kc III
EIlg:II~1J
this room.
> You can t:llk with us about It.
Interogativul se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii verbului can :ji a subiectuilli; de exemplu: I can sing.
Can I sing?
- Pot sa dint?
Her sister can drive.
Can her sister drive?
- Sora ei
We can take the car.
Can we take the car?
- Putem sa luam
They can go for a walk.
Can they go for a walk?
- Ei pot sa mearga la plimbare?
His friends can speak English.
Can his friends speak English?
- Prietenii lui ~tiu sa vorbeasca engleze~te?
~tie
sa canduca? ma~ina?
Traduceti prapazitiile urmataare in limba engleza: >
Pot sa vina (ci) aici dupa-aillia/a'?
(',111
. (
,III
Iii, Y ,'''JIll' h,'ll' '"
I 1.11 "
illl'.
III,' ,ilil'In"OIl')
I"" ,L '.
Fratclc dUI11JIl::lvoaslra ~lic sa varbeasca engleze~te?
Fiullui
~tie
sa cante?
> Can his son sing?
Rdspunsllrile seurte se jormeaza eu ajutorul pronumele personal :ji a verbului can, in rdspunsuri negative verblll can este urmat de euvGntul not, iar forma preseurtatd este can't[ ka:nt], Retineti cd se pot serie:ji fmpreuna: cannot [kEnat],
Cititi urmataarele raspunsuri scurte in limba engleza: ~tie
Can your daughter sing?
> [kEn
Yes, she can.
> [Ies
No, she can't.
>[nall
~i:
ka.nt]
- Nu,
Can you drive?
> [kEn
IU:
draiv]
- $titi sa conduceti?
Yes, I can.
>[lesalkEn]
- Da.
No, I can't.
>[nall al ka:nt]
- Nu.
10:'
~i:
do:ta'
sm(~i]
- Fiica ta
sa cante?
- Da.
kEn]
l!
Forma negativii cannot sau can't se folose$te $i In alte tipuri de enunturi: I can't sing.
> l al ka:nt sn/ SI ]
She cannot open the door.
>
~i
[~i:
- Nu pot sa dint.
kEno! aupan DZa do:']
- Ea nu poate deschide
u~a.
acum sa exersam ce am invatat pana acum. Traduceti In limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
Pot sa te vizitez maine.
> I can \'IS1t you tomorrow.
Ea nu poate manca aceasta branza.
> She can't eat this cheese.
Pot sa fumez in aceasta camera?
> Can l s1110ke
111
this room')
a~tepti.
>
l:Ol!
Celn walt for hl111.
Pot sa-mi arate casa lor?
>
(";IIJ
tlln "how me their house')
Tatallui nu poate vorbi acum cu dumneavoastra.
> I liS fathcI celn't talk wIth you now.
Putem sa scriem aceasta pentru tine.
> We can v. rite It for
Poti sa-l
Y0l!.
intrebiirileformulate cu verbul can pot Incepe $i cu prol1ume interogative; $i In acest caz se inverseaza ordinea, de exemplu: Where can I see these books?
- Unde pot vedea aceste carti?
Who can read this letter?
- Cine poate citi aceasta scrisoare?
When can she come to us?
- Cand poate veni ea la noi?
Who can't go there?
- Cine nu poate sa mearga acolo?
Sa exersam interogativul cu verbul can. Traduceti in Ill1lba cngleza: La ce ora poate sa vina?
;> \\'
Ciind pot sa iau aceste scrisori?
> When can 1 take these letters?
Unde putcm sa va Cine
~tie
Cine nu
a~!cptam?
kit tlmc can he come'?
> Where can we wait for you? > Who can
sa din!c'!
~tie romane~tc'!
Sl11g')
> Who can't speak Romanian?
IaNi ultimele cuvinte noi din aceastii parte a lectiei. Cititi-le cu atentie: better
> [beta']
- mai bun, mai bine
the best
> [DZa best]
- eel mai bun, eel mai bine
why
> ["ai]
- de ce? pentru ce? din ce cauza?
which
> ["it~]
- care, pe care, ce
whose
> [hu:z]
- ai, a, ai, ale cui carui Icarei Icaror
how
> [hau]
- cum?, in ce fel? 12
Urmari\i felul in care se folosesc aceste cuvinte in propozi\ii: '.
Which car is better?
> l "I\~ ka
How can I write this letter?
> [h.lll L1:11 al ralt IYI" Ieul i l
- Cum pot sa scriu aceasta scrisoare?
Why are you worrying?
> l ":11
- De ce te ingrijorezi?
You are my best friend.
> [Ill cl I Illdl best ftend]
-
This plane is the best.
> [IYI" plt:t'l I;' DZa best]
- Acest avion este cel mai bun.
Whose is this bicycle?
> [hu /
IZ
I
:1 ' III
1/
beta l ]
- Care
"orill1'~I]
:/1:; b21lslkl]
E~ti
ma~ina este
mai buna?
prietenul meu eel mai bun.
- A cui este aceasta bicicleta?
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Al cui stilou este acesta?
- >Whose pen is this?
Aceasta carte este cea mai buna.
- This book is >the best.
Care scaun este mai bun?
- >Vvhlch chair is better?
De ce nu poti manca asta?
- >Why can't you eat this?
Nu
~tiu
- I don't know >how to write it.
cum sa scriu asta.
Am ;\.iIlIlS la recapitularca materiL:i din accastfl parte a lectiei. I'ra
•
Peste trei ani voi cumpara 0
ma~ina.
Cilta paine cu unt poti manca? Care carte pot sa a iau? (Ce carte pot sa iau?)
- \\' hy Glll't you go there by ship'! - In three years I'm buying a car. - How much bread and butter can you eat? - Which book can I take?
Cali caini are sora prietenului tau?
- How many dogs has your friend's sister?
Cat zahar donli?
- How much
Nu pot fuma aici, deoarece fratelui lui Mary nu-i place.
- I
Dati-mi doua
ce~ti
de cafea.
C\11
you wanP
I :'11l0kc hcre, because Mary's brother
dOL'SII'1
-- ( ; I \ ('
~lI~al <10
IlkL:
It.
me (wo cups of coffee. a little money.
Am bani putini.
- i
Avem putina branza.
- \Ve
Putem merge acolo impreuna?
- Can we go there together?
Ferestrele acestei camere sunt mario
- The windows of thIS room are bIg.
Ild\'C
have little cheese.
LECTIA 7 - PARTEA A DOVA , Urmeaza alte ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare: - sarac, sarman, biet
poor
> [plla'] [po:']
rich
>
[rit~]
- bogat
cat
> [kEt]
- pI sIca
tonight
> [lanail]
- diseara, asta seara, in noaptea asta
to drink
>
summer
> [sama'l
- vara
park
> [pa:'k]
- parc
tree
> [tri:]
- copac, arbore, pom
apple
> [Epl]
- mar
lata
ace1ea~i
I III
drin(glkJ
- a bea
cuvinte, intr-o alta ordine:
cat
> [kEI]
-. plslca
summer
> Isandl
- vara
11<[111
- mar
apple poor
> [pLdJ [po:']
- sarac, sarman, biet
tonight
> [lanait]
- diseara, asta seara, in noaptea asta
park
> [pa:'k]
- parc
rich
> [rit~]
- bogat
to drink
>
- a bea
tree
> [tri:]
14
(tLi
dr1l1(glk]
- copac, arbore, pom
..
Sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozltii: Her mother's brother is a poor man.
> [ha ' ma D"{\I Z braDza' a po' mEn]
That rich woman has three houses.
> [IYFt
Can we go to the park?
> [kLIl
I want to have many trees in my garden.
>la'"ollt tll hEv meni tri:z 11l mal ga:'dn]
- Vreau sa am multi copaci in gradina.
I can't drink beer tonight.
> [:Ij b nt drin(g)k bia' tanait]
- Nu pot sa beau bere diseara.
I like to eat apples in summer.
> [al talk tll i:t Eplz in samal]
- Lmi place sa mananc mere vara.
Ilt~
II
"l.IIman hEz
- Femeia aceea bogata are trei case.
!l,lL1ZIZ]
T'11
"l.
- Fratele mamei ei este un om sarac.
gau tu DZa pa:'k]
.8
- Putem merge in parc?
- Ce Ie place pisicilor sa bea?
What do cats like to drink?
Retineti expresia: in summer - vara
COl11pletati propozitiile in limba engleza; folositi filtrul
ro~u:
Ei vin la noi diseara.
- They are coming to us >tonight.
Vrcti sa fiti boga!'>
- Do you want to be >rich?
Aceasta sannan{\ pisica nu are casa.
- This >poor cat has no home.
Ea de ce paate bea bere
~i
- Why can she >drIllk beer, and I can't?
eu nu?
Vara mergem des in pare.
- In >SLlI11l11Cr we often go to the >park.
Aceste mere sunt scumpe.
- These >apples are expensive.
Lmi place sa privesc copacii.
- I like to look at >trees.
Adverbul never [neva'] fnseamnii - niciodata, nicicand. In limba englezii acesta este un adverb de nega!ie, de aceea, aliituri de el nu poate fi folositii nici 0 alia negatie in propozi!ie. I never drink beer. She never goes to work in the morning.
-- Eu nu beau niciodata bere. >
1';1
Ill'\ ,I' !'dll/ III ",I
111 1)',11110 '11111""1
'k
- Ea nu merge niciodata la lucru dimineata.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii folosind adverbul never - niciodata: Ei nu pot niciodata sa conduca
0 ma~ina.
> They can never drive a car.
Eu nu rna plimb niciodata in parcul acela.
> I never go for a walk to that park.
Eu nu cant nieiodata cantece.
> I never sing songs.
Ei nu eumpara niciodata branza.
> They never buy cheese.
lata cateva adjective noi: tall
> [to.l]
- inalt, marc
short
> [W't]
- scurt, scund
large
> [la:'dJ]
- mare, spatios, larg
big
> [big]
- mare, volummos
great
> [grett]
- mare, maret, remarcabil
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Nu intru niciodata in cladirile inalte.
- I never enter> tall buildings.
Ei cauta
- They are looking for a > large house.
Tu
e~ti
0
casa spatioasa.
un prieten remarcabil.
Prive~te aceasta
- You are a > gleatfriend.
cladire mare!
- Look at this> big building!
Scrisoarea ei este scurta.
- Her letter is > short
Sa invatam cateva verbe noi: nu-~i
to forget
> [til forget]
- a uita, a
to stop
> [tu stop]
- a opri, a inceta, a Intrerupe
to listen (to)
> [tu lisn]
- a asculta, a fi atent (la)
aminti
Sa folosim aceste verbe in propozitii: I always forget to write
a letter to her.
> [al o'j"elz forget a leta' III ha ' I
We often stop near this shop.
>
Listen! Pink Floyd are singing.
> III
I like to listen to the radio in the evening.
~
I"! ,I
I
0111
slop
,II 1'111
111.1'
I ntotdeauna uit sa-i seriu
III 1;111
(ci) () serisoare. I)
1'0
',oil I
Ne oprim des langa acest magazin.
1
Asculta! Canta Pink Floyd.
"'1. 110/.1
,j J ) I 'I J II ( 'J J
I ,1/1.111 III 1)'1
III li',11 III
i \
lIlli'
II
I)
,I 1l'ldl,1I1
-
Seara imi place sa aseult radioul.
Refinefif Verbul to stop are dOUG infelesuri: a se opri pcntru a face ceva, sau a inceta sa faca ceva.
She wants to stop to smoke.
- Ea vrea sa se opreasca ca sa fumeze.
She wants to stop smoking.
-- Ea vrea sa se lase de fumat.
Atunci cand verbul to stop inseamna a inceta, el este urmat de un verb eu terminatia -ing rara particula to. Daca to stop insearnna a se opri, atunei verbul eare-l urmeaza este insotit de particula to ~i nu are terminatia -ing. 16
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: Vreau sa ascult melodiile acestea acum.
> 1 W~lJ11
Nu uitati ca pot s-o seriu pentru dumneavoastra.
> Don'( I'orgct I can WrIte It for yOLi.
Ma opresc intotdeauna aiei ca sa privese aceasta clad ire.
> 1 ah\ay' .',1'111 thlS bLlIlcllll!;
11CIC
Nu mai vreau sa merg eu autobuzul, ci vreau sa eumpar 0 ma~ina.
> I want to slop and buy a cm.
gOIII;' h~ hLis
(0
Ilsten to these songs now.
to look at
lata aite euvinte noi. Repetati-Ie: without
>1 "iI Valli I
- lara, lipsit de
something
> [,ami 'Ill("']
- ceva
too
> l tLl:]
- prea, foarte
ever
> [eva']
- vreodata, candva
forever
> [foreva']
- pentru totdeauna, mereu,
between
> [blt"i:n]
- intre (doua obiecte), dintre
or
> I (, 'I
- sau,
good night
/ I "1111
(Lltil
-
ve~nie
Of)
no(\ptc bUlla
Exersati euvintele noi intr-o ordine diferita: ever
> [eva']
- vreodata, candva
or
> [0:']
- sau, on
without
> ["iD"aLlt]
- lara, lipsit de
too
> [tLl.]
- prea, foarte
forever
> [fore\a']
- pentru totdeauna, mereu,
good night
> [gud
- noapte buna
something
>
between
> [bit"ll,n]
1l~111]
[salll'l'IIlI~JJ
ve~nic
- eeva - intre (doua obieete, persoane), dintre
Sa folosim acum aceste cuvinte in propozitii. Cltitl cu voce tare > [mal ofis
My office is between this
IZ
bltllj n DZ1S
> [lit. ka.nt bal DZIS ka:'
cladire
~i
restaurant.
- Nu putem cumpara aceasta ma~ina deoarece
blkoz Its tu lkspenslv]
because it's too expensIve.
fiti atenti la pronuntia corecta:
- Biroul meu este intre aceasta
biJdm lsl End DZa rest{lrantJ
building and the restaurant. We can't buy this car
~i
este prea scwnpa.
I can't work without musIC,
> [al ka:nt lI a .'k lI l D Z aut I11IU.ZJk]
- Nu pot Iucra lara
I want to talk with you
- Vreau sa vorbesc cu tine
about something.
> [al "ont tu to.k "IDZ abaut sam Pm lg )]
I can't wait forever!
> [a1 ka nl lI ef t forev3']
- N u pot a~tepta ve~nic (0 ve~nicie)!
Good night l
> [gud nail ann gaulll 1S1
- Noapte buna! Merg acasa.
['m
going
muzica.
Ill:
despre ceva.
haum]
home.
cite~te
Does he ever read books?
> [daz hi: eva' n.d buks]
- EI
Do you want tea or coffee?
> [du
- Vrei ceai sau cafea?
IU:
"ont tl:
0:'
kofI]
vreodata carti?
Completatl in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc: EI este prea sarac ca sa zboare cu avionul.
- He is >too poor to fly by plane.
FrateJ.e meu sUi intre aceste doua fete.
~
My brother IS sitting >hl:lwccn these two girls. They have . ",'1I11l'l11111~' to show you.
Au sa-(I arale el:va Noaptc buna!
o gradina lara capac I nu este fi·umoasa.
A garden >wlthout trees isn't nice.
Vreau sa cumpar cartea aceasta sau aceea.
- I want to buy this >01' that book.
Ellucreaza vreodata acasa?
- Does he >ever work at home?
Nu pot sa-l caut mereu.
- 1 can't look for it >forever.
Unneaza un exercitiu de recapitulare. Traduce1i in limba engleza: > My Jllcnd's brother can sing
Fratele prietenului meu poate sa cante
thcse songs
aceste cantece.
> :::;!lc wants to show me her horse.
Ea vrea sa-mi arate calul ei. Da-mi doua
ce~ti
de cafea
~i
> ('Ive me two cups of coffee and a lIttle bread.
putina paine.
> ThiS
Aceasta este cea mai buna muzica.
18
IS
the best musIc.
Pot (ei) sa scrie scrisori lungi?
> Can they write long letters')
De ce nu poti veni diseara?
>\Vhy can't you come t011lght'1
Ciiti bani poti sa-mi dai?
> How much money can you gJve IllC')
Dati-mi cinci felii de paine.
>Glvc Illl' fIve slIces of bread.
Ea are multe
ma~ini,
>She
dar prea pu\ini bani.
]);1'
Illdll'y
(',11\
but too little money
EI sta intotdeauna pe scaunu] acela.
>He ahva\',
Vreau sa rna las de fumat.
>1 want to ,lop
Sunt ingrijorat pentru fiul surorii mcle.
>1'm worried abolll Illy \1,tCI"S son.
Acestea sunt caseIe prictcnilor lui'!
> Are these hIS ti JCll( I,' 11< II I'C")
Camerele acestei case SUlIl l11icl
>The rooms of thIs IWlI'L'
Nu pot sa scriu
asl~l,
dar pol sa Inccrc.
'Ih
(lIl [hat chair. 'IIII)"JI]!!
,IIC
Iiltlc.
> 1 can't wnte it bUll can II y
Cred ca acest pare esle JIlai bUll.
> 1 think thIS park is bettel.
Un am bogat poalL' lll(elcgc un am sarac?
>Can a rich man understand a poor
Discara I1lcl"l:"cI1l 1'1 John.
> Tonight we are going to John.
Po\i velli la lloi vara?
> Call you come to us
Diminca(a nu mananc nlciodala Illiere.
> I nevcl
Ea a viziteaza vrcodata pe mama sa?
> ])oe, shc evel \ IS/I hel mother?
Nu poti sa uiti asta.
> You can '( fOigel about it.
Aceasta camera mare este a mea.
>This large room IS mme.
Ciind lucrez, imi place sa ascult muzica.
> 1 like to listen to music when 1 work.
Vreau sa caut ceva.
> I want to look for something.
C~lt
honcy
In incheierea leetiei, va propunem un exercitiu de pronuntie: II ~l J
I0 I
I II
lauJ
[E]
hear
talk
rich
know
cat
near
walk
sit
show
can
daughter
listen
open
fish kitchen
1l)
111
111
111<1 n 'l
summer')
the moming.
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 7 , 7.1.
Cuvantul of se folose~te pentru expnmarea posesiei (a, ai, ai, ale cui). In limba engleza putem exprima cu aceasta structura atat cantitatea, cat ~i proportia (cat din ceva): a cup of coffee
7.2.
-
Substantivele care nu au plural
~l
0 cea~ca
de cafea
denumesc materia (Ii chide, solide sau gaze).
7.2.1. Inaintea substantivelor care nu au plural nu folosim articolul nehotarat a/an: Do you like cheese? - iti place branza? 7.2.2. Aceste substantive nu se folosesc la plural: . She eats a lot of bread. - Ea mananca multa paine. 7.2.3. Aceste substantive apar intotdeauna la persoana a treia singular: - Mierea este buna. Honey is good. 7.3.
Many/much: 7.3.1. Cuvantul many inseamna un mare numar de, multi/multe, numero~i/ numeroase, o multime de - se refera la substantivele care au ~i singular ~i plural: - multe carti many books Pronumele interogativ how many - inseamna cati?, dUe? - se folose~te in intrebarile referitoare la 0 cantitate masurabila, exprimata de substantive care au ~i plural: How many cars do you have? - Cate ma~ini aveti? 7.3.2. Cuvantul much - inseamna nu au plural: much bread
~i
mult sau multa; se
folose~te
- multa paine
lar how milch arc semnlf"lca\ia de di!i'!, calc'! se relCr
7.5.
7.6.
cu substantive care
0
cantitate exprimata de
Cuvintele a lot of ~i some relCritoare la cantita\i, se folosesc atat in cazul substantivelor cu plural, cat ~j al celor Tara plural: a lot of books
- 0
some books
- cateva carti
multime de carti
a lot of beer
- multa bere
some beer
-
ni~te
bere
Little inseamna putin, a little se traduce prin catva, ceva. Cand stau inaintea substantivelor eu plural, little inseamna mic: I have little money.
- Am bani putini.
I have a little money.
- Am ceva bani.
1 have a little dog.
- Am un
catelu~.
Genitivul cu apostrof 's 7.6.1. Genitivul 's se animale).
folose~te
doar eu substantivele care desemneaza fiinte (oameni
20
~i
7.6.2. Singular: Genitivul cu apostrof se formeaza prin adaugarea apostrofului dupa substantivul care denume~te posesorul ~i a consoanei s. Apoi urmeaza obiectul posedat: ma~ina
Mary's car
-
Mariei
Mary's father
- tatal Mariei
7.6.3. Plural: I.
Daca substantivul la plural are terminatia s, se adauga doar un apostrof dupa accsta: my brol hers' car
2.
-
ma~ina
fratilor mei
Daca snbstantivulla plural nu are terminatia s, atunci se adauga atat apostroful ~i terminatia s:
cat
these people's house 7.7.
- casa acestor oameni
Daca suhslalllivnl lin (!l;sclIlllcaza fiin\e, atunci folosim cuvantul of pentm cxprimarea genitivllllli: ferestrelc acestci camere
7.R.
- the windows of this room
Verbul can - este un verb modal, care se traduce prin a putea, a fi in stare, a fi capabil, a 7.8.1. Forma lui can este acea~i la toate persoanele, la singular urmeaza nu are particula to.
~i
~ti:
plural, iar verbul care-I
7.8.2. Structura propozitiei: I.
Propozitia afirmativa: He can drive.
- El
~tie
sa conduca.
2.
Interogativul se formeaza prin inversarca ordinii: Can he drive? - ~tie sa conduca?
3.
Raspunsuri: a) afirmativ: yes + pronume personal + can Can he drive?
Yes, he can.
- Da.
b) negativ: no + pronume personal + cannot sau can't Can he sing? 7.8.3. Forma negativa can't se 7.9.
No, he can't. folose~te ~i
-Nu.
in propozitii dezvoltate.
Cuvantul never este un adverb de negatie care nu poate fi folosit in propozitie impreuna cu aite negatii: I never drink beer.
- Nu beau niciodata bere.
7.10. Verbul to stop are doua sensuri: I.
a inceta, a intrerupe -in acest caz, dupa el urmeaza un verb cu terminatia -ing:
I want to stop smoking. 2.
- Vreau sa ma las de fumat.
"a se opri" -in acest caz, dupa el urmeaza un verb la infinitiv: I want to stop to smoke.
- Vreau sa ma opresc ca sa fumez.
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 7
A.
B.
C.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitli in limba romana: 1.
1 want to drink two cups of tea and eat two slices of bread with Jam.
2.
Give me some water to drink.
3.
How much money do you want to give him?
4.
My brother's friends are nice.
5.
Who can sing that song?
6.
I will never forget that day.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In Iimba engleza: 1.
De ce nu-I poti uita pe baiatul acela?
2.
Ei nu merg niciodata Ia piata.
3.
Fiii acestui
4.
Cat zahar doriti?
5.
Ferestrele acestei case sunt mario
6.
Vreall sa Incclcz sa ma gfllldcsc la accst lllcrll.
~ofer ~tiu
sa conduca
(ma~ina).
Corecta\l grc:;;cll!c lim propOl:I\ll!c Urlllatoarc:
1.
Car my father's is big.
2.
I want to listen music.
3.
How much books can you read every day?
4.
Why can't he to go there with Mary?
5.
Whose are these breads?
6.
I don't never worry about my father.
22
LECTIA 8 ,
PARTEA INTAI
Ca ~i pani\ acum, incepem leqia cu invatarea cuvintelor noi. Cititi-Ie atenti la pronuntie: east
> [i:st]
- rasarit, est
west
> [Uest]
- apus, vest
date
> [delt]
- data
winter
> I "inta']
- iama
leg
> [leg]
- plclOr
shoe
>
barber
> l ba:'ba']
- frizer, (barbier)
hair
> [he,ll]
- par
the sun
> [D'3 san]
- soarele
weather
> [UeDZa']
- vreme
snow
> [snau]
- zapada
ram
> [rein]
- ploaie
to
> I III sn;llI]
- a ninge
SIlOW
to rain
lata
acelea~i
I,ll I
.. jlllll'lIll
- pantof
a p!olla
cuvinte in alta ordine:
the sun
> [DZa san]
- soarele
winter
> [Uinta']
- iama
east
> [i:st]
- rasarit, est
shoe
> [~u:]
- pantof
barber
> [ba:'ba']
- frizer, (barbieI')
to rain
> [tu rein]
- a ploua
leg
> [leg]
- plclOr
date
> [deit]
- data
snow
> [snau]
- zapada
hair
> [hear]
- par
to snow
> [tusnall]
- a nmge
weather
> [UeD'a']
- vreme
ram
> [rein]
- ploaie
west
> [Uest]
- apus, vest
~i
fiti
propozi~ii:
lar aCllm sa folosim aceste cllvinte In
snClLlZ in lIinta r ]
It usually snows in winter.
> [it
Ill.j llah
I can't buy these expensive shoes,
> [ill ka:nt bal D/J'z lkspensiv ~u:z]
- Nu pot cumpara pantofi scumpi.
She has long legs,
> [SJ: hEz
- Ea are picioare lungi.
He is going from the west to the east.
> [hI. IZ galll11(~1 from DZa lIest - El merge de la vest tLi D7 j 1.st] la est.
Is the weather always nice in summer?
>
Do you know what date it is today?
> [du iu: nall lIat delt it lZ tadel]
-
Can you see the sun?
> [kEn
- Poti sa vezi soarele?
My hair is short.
> [mal hea'
I'm looking for my green shoes.
> [aim ]ukm(gl fa:' mai
It's raining so we can't go to the park.
> [its reinll1(g) sau lIj: ka:nt gall tu DZa pa: 1k]
- Pioua, deci in pare.
He is a barber.
> [hI: iz a ba· 11Ja'J
- EI este frizer,
jon(~'
legz]
DZa "eDl a' o:llleiz nais in sama']
[IZ
Dla san]
Ill: S1.
~u
gn:n
IZ ~o:'t]
- lama de obicei ninge. ace~ti
- Vara vremea este intotdeauna frumoasa? ~tii
ce data este azi?
- Parul meu este scurt. - Imi caut pantofii verzi.
z] ilU
putem merge
Retineti felul in care se jormeazd construcriile cu verbele to snow, to rain. Fiti atenti in specialla jelul in care sejolose,l·te cuvcintul it: It is raining.
Plolla.
It is snowing.
Ninge,
It often rains in summer.
Yara ploua des.
It often snows in winter.
- lama ninge des,
I
r I
(
/
,-
/,
/
-'
" I /
/
1/
/
I
/
I
1/
/
/ r
1/ ,
.f
,/ I
._(~~-
i
/ )
,
I,
I
r
/
',5') <..!
i
I
I
I
I
'7':'
.1/ ,.
/,
I / I
/ /
,
I
,
. v' ' /--../ /,
/
',)
"
/
/
/
/ I
1
1:"-
1 /
/ I
"It is raining."
"It is snowing."
24
Completati urmiHoarele propozitil In limba engleza; folositi filtrul Cumpara-mi
ace~ti
ro~u:
- Buy me these >shoes!
pantofi'
Ce data este azi?
- What >date is it today?
Ea are parullung.
- She has long >haJr.
Acum nu vad soarele.
- I don't see the >SUJ1 now.
Vreti sa traiti In Orientul Apropiat?
- Do you want to live in the Near >East? We have nice >weather today.
Azi avem vreme frumoasa.
- ('an it >\Il\lW in summer?
Poate sa ninga vara? Frizerul crede ca paml meu este
- The >1,;\1 her thinks my >bair is nice.
frUl11os.
Nu vreau sa merg spre vest.
- I don't want to go to the >Wl:st.
Acest caine are picioare scurte.
- This dog has short> kgs.
Uneori ploua mult iama.
- There is much >rain in >winter sometimes.
Acum, sa Invatam lunile anului: January
> 1til En/u,m]
- lanuane
February
>11l'11I11;11'1
-.- februarie
·1,11., '1.1
Ilwrtit:
I "I '"' I
aprilil:
March April
'\11111\
May
111al
- IUDle
June
> I "Ill
July
> l dJula/]
- iulie
August
> [o:gast]
- august
September
> [septemba']
- septembrie
October
> [oktaubii']
- octombrie
November
>[niiu'vcmba']
- noiembrie
December
> [disemba' J
- decembrie
Il J
In exercitiul urmator completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu numele corespunzatoare ale lunilor anului:
o vizitez intotdeauna in martie,
- I always visit her in >March.
In iulie mergem in Anglia.
- We go to England in >July.
Vrei sa mergi la
~coala
- Do you want to go to school in >September?
in septembrie?
In ianuarie ninge des.
-It often snows in >January.
Aprilie este cea mai buna luna a anului.
- >April is the best month of the year.
Nu te pot lua la Londra in maio
- I can't take you to London in >May.
25
...
- We \Nant to 'emy tnis nouse i1\ >No\lem'ber. Pot sa plec In Grecia, dar In iunie.
-~
In decembrie, II vizitam Intotdeauna pe prietenul fratelUi nostru.
- In >Decemberwe always visit our brother's friend.
Nu-mi place luna august.
- I don't lIke> August.
In februarie deschldem un magazin mare pe aceasta strada.
- In >February we are opening a big shop in this street.
Pot sa gasesc de lucru In octombrie.
- I can get work in >October.
I can go to Greece, but in > June.
palUi aeum am invdtat cd in limba engleza pluralul substantivelor se formeaza prin addugarea terminatiei -s sau -es. EXlSta insii !ji substantive eu plural neregulat. latd eateva exemple: man
> [mEn]
- barbat
men
> [men]
- barbati
woman
> [U uman ]
- femeie
women
> [Uimin]
- femei
foot
> [fut]
- laba piciorului
feet
> [fl.t]
- picioare (labe)
Traduceti urmatoarele expresii: patm barbati
>
trei fcmci
:- IIIIC'(' \\()IlIC'!l
doua plcioare
>
I()III 1lll'1l
1\\
II
ILL!
Iar acum vom Invata cateva numcrale noi In limba engleza:
30
- thirty
> [T'a:'ti]
40
- forty
> [fo:'ti]
50
- fifty
> [fifti]
60
- sixty
> [sikstl]
70
- seventy
> [scvntl]
80
- eighty
> [Cltl]
90
- ninety
> [nalllti]
100
- a hundred
> [a handrid]
26
I
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarcle numcrale:
10-20-30
> tcn-twenty-thirty
60-40-50
> slxty-forty-fifty
90-100-80
> ninety-a hundrcd-eighty
70-30-50
> scventy-tlmty-flfty
lata ~i diteva numeralc
COIl1j1usc:
61
sixty-one
> [ siksti "an]
28
twenty-eight
> [t"enti eit)
42
Corty-two
> [fo:rti tu:)
> [nainti sevn]
.- ninety-scven
97
a hundred and five
lOS
> [a handrid End faiv]
('Ilill ell alt'lIl,ll' ~I ell VOCl' I:lll' 1Ir111:llo:IIC!c 111 I 1lll'r:i1c:
99
. Illrwl\
Ill/ll
36
>
44
> forty-four
71
> seventy-onc
83
> eighty-three
172
> a hundred and seventy-two
III
> a hundred and elcvcn
53
>
Crlly
65
>
SI:\
Ihnly ;,,,
II1lCl'
ty- CI VC
Dupii cum ali putut ob.l'l:'rva, in cazul numeralelor compuse, hundred este urmal de and, iar cifrele de fa unu fa zece se leaga prin liniu{ii de cifrele care exprirnii zedle.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozi1ii: August are treizeci
~i
una de zile?
> Has August thirty-one days?
Acest frizer este fratele prietenului meu.
> This barber is my friend's brother.
Unor barbati Ie place parullung.
> Some men like long hair.
Noi nu traim in vest, ci in est.
> We don't live in the west, but in thc east.
Ninge des in decembrie?
> Does It often snow in December')
Aceste femei au parul scurt.
> This \NOmen have short hair.
Ce data este azi?
> What date
Soarele se arata rar in februarie.
> The sun seldom shows
Trei luni au nouazeci de zile? Cite~ti
Sa
~i
trei sau
0
today'.' 1Il
February.
> Are thlee l11onil-l s 11111ety-three or a hundred days'l
suta
> Do you read mell1) books')
multe carti?
inva~am
10
cateva cuvinte. Cititl cu voce tare:
brown
> lbIClUI,J
- mara, cafeniu, brunet
black
> [bIFk]
- negru, neagra
else
> reb]
- mai, inca, alta
what else
> ["ot .::1,]
- altceva? (mai doriti ceva?)
almost
> [0 [m,llIst]
- aproape ca
difficult
> [difikalt]
- dificil, complicat
soon
> [su.n]
- curand
all
> [o:IJ
- tot, toata,
from time to time
> [from
yellow
> 1/l'1.1I11
Urmeaza
aeelea~i
ldlln
tu
t~1!11l]
to~i,
toate, intreg
- dill cand in cand galben
cuvinlc, um Inll-o ordine uilcrila:
difficult
> l dirlbltJ
- dificil, complicat
yellow
> [Iclau]
- galben
brown
> [braun]
- mara, eafeniu, brunet
soon
> [su:n]
- curand
what else
> ["at els]
- alteeva? (mai doriti ceva?)
from time to time
> [from talm tu talm]
- din cand in cand
all
> [0 I]
- tot, toata,
else
> [el s]
- mai, inca, alta
almost
> [o:lmaust]
- aproape ca
blaek
> [bIEk]
- negru, neagra
28
to~i,
toate, intreg
Sa foJosim cuvintele noi in propozitii: - Ea are pantofi negri.
She has black shoes.
>lSI hEz blEk 0U.Z]
Do you want this brown suit?
>[du iu: "ont Df ls bl
From time to time we go for a walk to that parle
> [fl om taim tu tall11 "I. ~:I\I fo:' a "o:k tll D/Et pa.'k I
- Din cand in cand ne plimbam in parcul acela.
She's f1ying to England soon.
>[~i:z
- In curand, ea va merge in Anglia cu avionul.
What else do you want?
>["ot els du iu: "ont]
- Mai doriti ceva?
All people like apples.
>[0:1 pi:pllalk IEplz]
- Tuturor oamenilor Ie plac merele.
This is somctlllllg else.
> [DZis iz samT'm(g) els]
- Asta estc altceva.
Do you tllIllk yellow cars are nlee'l
>[du iu: T'm(g)k ielau ka:'z
- Crezi ca ma~inile galbene sunt frumoase?
This book to read.
>[DZIs buk iz tu: difikalt tu ri:d]
- Aceasta carte este prea dificiJa pentru a fi citita,
> [o:]maust 0:1 "imin ]aik to:1 men]
- Aproape tuturor femeilor Ie plac barbatii inalti.
IS 100
difficult
AlnlOsl all women like tall Illel1.
Sli
filllm lS } tu in(g}gland
su:n]
I
a: nais]
11
- Vrei aeest costum cafeniu'?
TladllCC!1 urlllalO,lIclc propozi!ii In limba engleza: in call1era IIlC,' cslc llll hirou ncgrll. Iti place sa citqtl eaJ'\1 diricilc? Pisieile sunt galbene sau mara? Este aproape seara.
> It' s a Imost even mg.
In curand vizitam (vom vizita) toate aeeste tari.
> We are visitmg all these countries soon.
Este dificil de Inteles asta?
> Is it dIfficult to understand it?
Ce alteeva mananca cainele tau?
> What else does your dog eat?
Aproape ca Iml place de el.
> I almost like him.
Vrei sa ici toate cartile?
> Do you W,lI1t
Ce altceva pot sa beau?
> W!J,11 L'lse c:ln I dnnk'i
Din cand In cand ascult muzica la radio.
> I 10111 Oil
1liliC (0
10
take all the books?
tllne 1 lIsten to music
llic I "dIU.
lata cateva verbe noi: a pune, a a~eza, a pIasa
to put
> l (u
to do
>[tudll I
a face, a se ocupa cu
to cut
> [tu k:lll
a taia, a tuncle
to shine
> [tu 0all11
a straluci, a lumina, a luci
1111
1
1
29
Unneaza
aeela~i
verbe dar intr-o alta ordine:
to do
>[tudu:]
- a face, a se ocupa cu
to shine
>[tu~am]
- a straluci, a lumina
to cut
> [tukat]
- a taia, a tunde
to put
> [tuput]
- a pune, a
a~eza,
a pIasa
Va prezentam in continuare verbul to do - a face. Acest verb are -?i rot de auxiliar ce ajuta la formarea timpului Simple Present, (propozi{ii interogative -?i negative). Unnariti exemplele de mai jos: What are you doing now?
> [ll ot a:'
What cio you do every Saturday?
:>
What else does she want to do?
> [lIO! el s daz tll du:]
ill.
du:in{g) nau]
du Ill: dll: eVrI sE!a'del]
[lIO!
~r
"ont
- Ce faci acum? - Ce fael in fiecare sambata? - Ce altceva vrea ea sa mai faca?
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii din limba engleza in care figureaza verbul "to do": What do they usually do in the afternoon?
> Ce fac el de obicel dupa-amiaza')
It doesn't snow in summer.
> Vara nu nmge.
We don't like beer.
> Nu ne place berea.
Does he want to do it tomorrow?
> Vrea sa faca asta m211ne'7
Completa(i propozi(iile In IlInba cllgleza Nu vreau sa-mi
f~le
ClI
vcrhele care lipsesc:
tcma azi.
.. I dOll' t want to ><.!o my homework today.
Frizerul vrea sa rna tunda. Priviti!
.. The barber wants to >cut my hair.
Straluce~te soarele!
- Look! The sun is >shining!
Pune aceasta carte pe masa mea.
- >Put this book on my table.
"The sun usually shines in July" 10
Sci vedem eliteva verbe a diror consoana finalii se dubleaza la adaugarea termina{iei -ing: get
- getting
> [getin(gl]
sit
- sitting
> [sitll1(g)]
stop
- stopping
> [stopm(gl]
put
- putting
> [putin(gl]
cut
- cutting
> r kalll1(g)j
forget
- forgetting
> [ rorgetll1(g)]
Jata 0 reguhi ill1j)ol'li/nfd eu privire la adriugarea termina{iei verbului, Daeri ultima silaba a verbului este aeeelllllllili ,~'i confine 0 vocalii seurta (scrisa cu 0 singurri litera) ~i 0 singura consoana, prin adaugarl'a lermillllfici -ing, aeesta consoanri fin ala se dubleazri,
Sd VCl!I'11I cli/n
,1'1'
stop
aplica aeeastri regula: > [stop]
ACCi/.I'/(i I'cglllti J!0i/IC forget
- cuvant format dintr-o singura silabii, de aceea, in mod automat este aecentuata; - la mijloc confine 0 vocalii scurta; - fa sfiir~itul verbufui sta 0 singura consoana: stop-stopping.
Ii l%.l'illi "I'i in ('azul verhelor formate din mai multe silabe:
>
11(!I)'l'll
ClIlIII1I1 COI11J!II.1' dill doua silabe, a doua silabri este accell tlli/ IIi: - silahi/ i/CeCIlIIli/lli COli filiI' 0 voca/ii scurta; - la sfar'~'itul wl'hlllui .1'1' alia 0 singura consoanri: forget-forgetting.
Jar acum urmeazri un alt tip de verb: keep
>lkipJ
- cuvant compus dintr-o singura silaba, silaba este accentuata; - fa sfiir~it se afla 0 singurri consoanii,' - vocala este lungri; - in acest caz ultima cOllsoana I1U se dubleaza: keep-keeping.
Un alt exemplu: work
- silaba accentuata; - fa mijloc are 0 vocalri scurta; - la sfar~itul cuvantului existri doua consoane, care nu permit dublarea consoanei: work-working.
$i iata inca un verb: > [Iuk]
look
- silaba accentuata; - la sfan;it eXlsta 0 singura consoanii, vocala scurta din myloc se scrie cu ,,0" dublu. De aceea ultima cansoana nu se dubleaza: look-looking.
~i acum, incercati sa adaugati verbelor tennmatia corecta. Completati unnatoarele propozitii in Innba engleza:
Tatal meu se plimba acum in gradina.
- My father is >walkmg in the garden now.
Ei tocmai taie copacii in parc.
- They are just >cutting the trees m the park.
Prietenul meu tocmai
opre~te ma~ina.
- My friend is just >stopplng the car.
Acum imi caut pantofii galbeni.
- 1 am >looking for my yellow shoes now.
Cine sta pe scaunul acela?
- Who is >sltting on that chair?
Ea trimite scrisori la oficiul po~tal.
- She is >sending letters to the post-office.
Ei viziteaza acum aceasta biserica mare.
- They are >vislting this big church now.
Nu uiti ceva?
- Aren't you >forgettmg something?
in continuare. sa invalam un alt verb modal, must [mast] - a trebui. Asemanator lui can iiforma lui must este identica pentru toate persaanele. iar verbul care-l urmeaza nu are particula to.
lata cum sc
loJosc~tc
in propozi\ii:
1 must cut my hair.
> I,ll
She must forget about him.
>
They must think about their baby.
> [DZez mast f'mlg1k sbaut D/ez' belbJ]
l:)1
11101'1 k,11 111.11 "L'cI'
I
mels! iOlget abaut han]
- Trebuie sa rna tund. - Ea trebuie sa-I uite. - Ei trebuie sa se gandeasca la copilullor.
lnterogativul se formeaza prin inversarea verbului must cu subiectul:
Mary must go to school.
Must Mary go to school?
- Mary trebuie sa mearga la ~coala?
My father must buy a car.
Must my father buy a car?
- Tatal meu trebuie sa cumpere o ma~ina?
She must read this book.
What must she read?
- Ce trebuie ea sa citeasca?
32
Iar aeum sa verifieam notiunile invatate. Tradueeti in Jimba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: Maine trebuie sa mergi la lueru.
> You must go to work tomorrow.
Trebuie sa fae asta azi?
> Must 1 do It today')
Cine trebuie sa-ti dea aceasta scrisoare?
> Who must gwc you this letter"
Ale cui ciintcce trebuie sa Ie cantam?
> Whose songs mllst we sing')
Trebuie sa-mi arati casa tao
> You must ShOll me
~coala
Ea trcbuic sa predea la
engleza.
YOU!
house.
> She must teach EnglIsh at school.
in ineheierc, sa recapitulam materialul acestei parti a lectiei. Traduceti in limba engleza: in martie trebuie sa merg la Londra.
> In March I must go to London.
Azi eslc 30 noiembrie.
> Today's date is November 30.
Vara vrcmea este frumoasa.
> The weather IS nice in summer.
Ninge?
> Is it snowing?
Pot sa vina in februarie?
> Can they come in February?
Uita-te la aceste femei
~i
la
ace~ti
barbati.
> Look at these women and these men.
Imi lIcbuic patruzcci ~i cinci de minute ca sa ajung acolo.
> I Illust have forty-five minutes to get there.
Ce altceva mai vreti sa vedeti?
> \V!J;!l
Acum ma uit la aceasta Straluce~te azi
soarele?
ma~ina neagra.
l'l.Sl'
do
yOll
w:lnt to see'l
> I'm ]ooklllg at thiS black car now.
> Is the sun shining today')
Mama i'l tunde acum.
> Mother is cutting his hair now.
Ce faci acum?
> What are you domg now?
LECTIA 8 - PARTEA A DOVA , Cititi cu atentie urmiHorul text. Cuvintele
~i
silabele accentuate sunt tipiirite cu litere
ingro~ate:
Barbara: John: Barbara: John:
Can your brother sing? Yes, he can sing many songs. He listens to music on the radio every day. Does he know the song "It's a long way to Tipperary"? Yes, he does, but this song is not difficult to sing.
Tom:
Tomorrow I'm buying a big, red car. It's a fast car and not too expensive. I want to show it to you tomorrow evening. My brother also wants to buy a cheap car, because he has little money. He doesn't like red, brown or black, so he wants to buy a green or yellow car.
Mary:
Peter: Barbara: Peter: Barbara: Peter: Barbara:
Can I talk to your brother Terry? Yes, he is at home now. What is he doing? He is sitting in his room and writing a long letter to his friend. He can write long letters. I want to go to the park with him. I think he can't go with you. He must send the letter, so we must go to the post-office together.
Mary: John:
II ave you a hrol her or sister? I have a hrolher. Ilis name is Tony. My hrother is a nice boy. He is tall, he has big black eyes and lonl-: legs. Tony's ti-iends mllst like him. Yes, and girls can never forget him.
Tom: Barbara: Tom:
Why are you going to the kitchen? Because Tony wants some tea and some bread with jam and I want a cup of coffee. You can't drink coffee, because there's no sugar.
Mary: Peter:
Where does your family live? My father and mother hve in Bucharest, my brother and his family live in London.
Barbara: John:
Where is your house? It's near Bucharest. Its rooms are big. I have a large bedroom and a big kitchen. I can have cats and dogs. I want to live there forever.
Mary: John:
34
Mary: Tom: Mary: Tom:
I think you smoke too many cigarettes and drink too much coffee. Yes, I want to stop smoking soon. And whal about coffee? I like coffee and I don't want to stop drinking it.
Barbara: Peter:
Why 00 you like this park? lkcause I can see a lot of animals here. All trees in this park are green. It's not easy to go there: you must take a bicycle, because you can't walk there.
Mary: .lohn: Mary:
Father wants to cut your long hair. Is he trying to do it? Don't worry. You must go to the barber's shop.
Barbara. Tom: Barbara: Tom:
Where is your brother going by car tonight? He is visiting his best friend. He must usually drive a car there, but he likes to drive. Does he drive much? Yes, he does. In summer he usually goes to England. Sometimes he goes to the Near East, because his friend works there.
in Incheiere, traduce~i urmatoarele propozi~ii In limba engleza: I':i nc dau Inlotdcauna ceai bun.
> They always give
In dClTllIhric cslc des zapada.
> There is often snow in December.
EI vrea sa la toak caqile.
> He wants to take all the books.
A cui este aceasla casa?
>
In curand cumparal11 Nu
uita~i
Ace~ti
lin
blroU mare.
accasla data'
pantofi negri sunt scumpi.
WI10SC IS
liS
good tea.
llw; house')
> Soon we arc buymg a big aiTlCe. > Don't forget this date! > These black shoes are expensive.
Ei nu ne pot auzi.
> They can't hear us.
Aceasta saptamana este prea lunga.
> This week is too long.
Diseara ascult radioul.
> 1'Ol11ght I'm listening to the radio.
Nu vreau sa rna tund.
> I don't want to cut my hair.
lulie este cea mai calduroasa luna?
> Is July the hottest month?
Vreau altceva.
> I lVant something else.
Pute\i sa-mi aduce\i pu\ina miere?
> Can you bring me some honey')
Avem prea pu\in bani ca sa cumparam aceasta casa scumpa.
> We have too little money to buy this expensIve house.
Pisicilor nu Ie place apa.
> Cats don't like water.
Acest ciiine mara este prietenu1 meu eel mai bun.
> rh15 brown dog is my best fnend.
Este prea u~or!
> It's too easy I
> Don't WOllY
~lbulit
Avionu1 zboara spre vest.
> The plane
11YIng to the west.
In gradina noastra este multa zapada.
> There is a lot
Ciita dulceata poti miinca?
> How much jam can vou eat')
Nu pune aceasta scrisoare pe masa in bucatarie!
> Don't put this letter on \hc table 111 the kitchen'
Tocmai i1 intrebam despre fiu11ui.
> We are just askmg him about hiS son.
Cine ne preda eng1eza?
> Who teaches us English')
Va rog nu fumati in dorrnitor.
> Please don't smoke
Nu vreau sa a~tept 1a nesIar~it.
> I don't want to walt forever.
Nu-ti face griji in ceea ce
Trebuie sa-i due cu
prive~te
vremea.
IS
the weather'
Or"SIl')\\, 111
III
our garden.
the bedroom.
> I must take them to school by car.
ma~ina 1a ~coa1a.
36
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 8 , 8.1.
1\.2.
X.3.
Substantive ell pluralul neregulat: man
-men
woman
- women
fool
- feet
Vcrbul to do are doua funqii: este verb auxiliar ee ajuta la formarea timpului prezent simplu Simple Present - (propozi,ii interogative ~i negative), sau poate fi verb eu in,elesul de a face, a se ocupa cu. What is he doing now?
- Ce face el aeum?
She never does it.
- Nu face asta nieiodaHi.
What do you usually do on Sunday?
- Ce faei de obicei duminiea?
La folosirea terminatiei -ing ultima eonsoana se dubleaza, daea: I.
Ultima silaba este aeeentuata.
2.
Contine
0
vocala seurta.
Exemple:
8.4.
Must
get
- getting
stop
- stopping
~\
trebui
8.4.1. I ~sle un verb modal, eu aeeea~i forma pentru toate persoanele, iar verbul care-I urmeaza
nu are particula to. 8.4.2. Inlcrogativul se formeaza prin inversiune, adiea inversam ordinea lui must ~i a
subicellilui: I must go home.
- Must I go home?
- Trebuie sa merg aeasa?
Mary must drive there.
- Must Mary drive there?
- Mary trebuie sa mearga aeolo eu ma~ma?
They must go to school.
- Where must they go?
- Unde trebuie sa mearga?
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 8
A.
B.
C.
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba ramana: I.
How much beer can you dnnk today?
2.
Who must come here tomorrow?
3.
Why can't you go to England in March?
4.
Are they cutting the trees in the garden?
5.
Our father always forgets to buy bread.
6.
Those women have babies.
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba eng1eza: 1.
.Trebuie sa venim la tine azi.
2.
Am mancat putina ciocolata
3.
Ce faci diseara?
4.
Tuturor barbatilor Ie place costumul?
5.
De ce trebuie sa vorbeasca despre
6.
EI sta acum pe scaun.
~i ni~te
paine.
ma~inile
Corcctati grc~cltlc din propOl.l\lilc de ll1ai jos:
I.
These girls are readdlllg books now.
2.
Who are those man?
3.
She musts go to her father.
4.
Do you must look for those people?
5.
There is always many snow in winter.
6.
She doesn't never forget to buy bread.
38
lor?
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 7 SI , , 8 aIr
>l ear]
- aer, atmosfera
almost
>[ o:lmaust]
- aproape ca
all
> [0:1]
- tot, toata, toti, toate, intreg
apple
>[Epl]
- mar
April
> [eipril]
- aprilie
around
>[ araund]
- prin apropiere, in jurul
August
>[o:gast]
- august
barber
>[ba:'ba']
- frizer, barbier
because
>[bikoz]
- pentru ca, fiindca, deoarece'
beer
>[bla']
- bere
bl'ltl'r
>[beta']
- mai bun, mai bine
the best
>[D'a best]
- cel mai bun, cel mai bine
between
> [bitUi:n]
- intre (doua obiecte), dintre
big
>[big]
- mare, voluminos
black
>lblHI
- negru, neagra
bread
>\ btedl
- paine
brown
>1 bl ~\UIIJ
- maro, cafeniu, brunet
brother
>[braDZa']
- frate
butter
>[bata']
- unt
to buy
> [tu bail
- a cumpara, a face cumparaturi
cat
>lkE1]
- pIslca
can
>l kl~JlJ
- a putea, a fi capabil, a
cannot
>[kEnot]
- a nu putea, a nu fi capabil, a nu ~ti
cheap
>[t~j:p]
- ieftin
cheese
>[ t~J:Z]
-
cigarette
>[ sigaret]
- tigara
coffee
>[kofi]
- cafea
cup
>[kap]
-
ca~caval,
cea~ca
branza
~ti
to cut
>[tukat]
- a taia, a tunde
date
> [dcltJ
- data
December
> [dlscmba' J
- decembrie
difficult
> [diilbltJ
- dificil, complicat
to do
>[tudu.]
- a face, a se ocupa cu
dog
> [dog]
- caine
to drink
> [tu
east
>[i:stJ
- est, rasarit
easy
> [i:ziJ
-
eighty
> [CltlJ
- optzeci
else
> [elsJ
- mai, inca, alta
ever
> [ev[j'J
- vreodata, candva
expensive
> [ikspenslvJ
- scump, costisitor
family
> [f1:mIlIJ
- familie
fast
> [fa.stJ
- repede, iute, rapid
February
> [februJri J
- februarie
feet
> [fitJ
- labe (de 1a picior)
fifty
> IIil111
foot
·111111
dnnl~lk]
- a bea
u~or,
simplu
CIl1CIZCCI
laba piclorului
I
forever
>
to forget
> l tll I'orgct]
- a uita, a
forty
> [fo:'tiJ
- patruzeci
the fourth
> [DZa fo:'TsJ
- al patrulea, a patra
friend
> [frendJ
- prieten, amic
from time to time
> [from talm tu taimJ
- din cand in cand
good night
> [gud naitJ
- noapte buna
great
> [greltJ
- mare, maret, remarcabil
hair
> [heaTJ
- par
honey
> [haniJ
- miere (de albine)
horse
> [ho:'5J
- cal
1IIIIl'I ,I'
- pentru totdeauna, mereu,
40
nu-~i
aminti
ve~nic
how
>lh'lL\]
- cum?, in ce fel?
how many
> l haLL ll1CI1l]
- diti? cate?
how much
>[hau l11e1t')]
- cati? cate?
hundred
>[ hallllrlllJ
- suta
Jam
>l dJJ' 1111
- dulceata, gem
January
>[ d,n':Il/II,m]
- ianuarie
./uly
>[djlll;nl J
- iulie
June
>ldjll III
- iunie
large
>[I< I'd ll
- mare, spatios, larg
leg
>Ilcg]
- plclOr
less than
>1 ks IYEn]
- mai putin decat, mai putin de
to listen (to)
>[tlilisn]
- a asculta, a fi atent (la)
a little
>[alitl]
- putin, catva, ceva
alotof
>[a lot ov]
-
Illany
>[ l11l'ni]
- un mare numar, mult, o multime de
March
>1'11.'
May
>11I1l'/1
- mal
men
>lIllCIlJ
- barbati, oameni
more than
>[mo:' D"En]
- mai multlmai multalmai multi/ mai multe decat
much
>[mat~]
- mult, multa
music
>[mlU:zlk]
- muzica
must
>[mast]
- a trebui
November
> [n:llI vem b" I I
- noiembrie
ninety
>[naintl]
- nouazeci
October
>[ oktallb;I' J
- octombrie
of
>[ 3V]
- ai, a, ai, ale, lui
or
>[ 0
- sau, ori
paper
>[pclpa ' ]
,
'I
multime de, foarte mult, foarte multi
0
numero~i,
- martie
I
']
- hartie
.11
park
> [pa:'k]
- pare
piece
> [pl:S]
- bucata
poor
> [pua'] [po"]
- sarac, sannan, biet
to put
> [tu put]
- a pune, a
radio
> [leldlau]
- radio
ram
> [rem]
- ploaie
to rain
> [tu rem]
- a ploua
rich
>
September
> [septcll1ba']
- septembrie
seventy
> [sevantl]
-
to shine
> [ tu
ship
>
shoe
>[W]
short
>
to sing
> [tu sm(g)]
- a eanta
to sit
>[tUSlt]
- a sedea , , a se aseza .
sixty
">
snow
[nt~]
a~eza,
a piasa
- bogat
~all1]
~aptezeci
- a straluei, a lumina, a luci
[~lp]
- nava, vapor - pantof
[~o:rt]
- scurt
I·\ik ',111
:;;~lIzeei
zapada
·1-,11.1111
to snow
> 111I c,lldlll
- a nmge
to smoke
> [tu sma uk]
- afuma
something
> [samT'in lgJ ]
- eeva
song
> [son(g)]
- eantee, melodie
soon
> [su:n]
- in curand
to stop
>[tustop]
- a opri, a inceta, a intrerupe
sugar
>
summer
> [sama']
- vara
the sun
> [DZa san]
- soarele
tall
>[to:l]
- inalt, mare
[~uga']
- zahar
42
tea
> I tlJ
- cear
thirty
> [T>a:'tiJ
- treizeci
together
> [tageDZa' J
- impreuna
tonight
> [tanaitJ
- diseara, asta seara, in noaptea asta
too
>[tu:]
- prea, foarte
tree
>[tri:]
- copac, arbore, pom
water
>["o:ta']
- apa
weather
>[ lieD/a']
- vreme
west
>["est]
- vest, apus
what about
> ["ot ab3ut]
- ce ar fi sa ... ? cum stam cu ...? ce mal. e cu ....?
what else
> ["ot els]
- altceva? mai doriti ceva?
which
>["it~]
- care, pe care, ce
whose
>[hu:zJ
- ai, a, ai, ale cui/carui
why
> ["al]
- de ce? pentm ce? din ce cauzii?
winter
>1"illl;j'l
- iarna
without
>1 "iI)/;!l1i I
- lara, lipsit de
women
>I"jlllllli
- femei
to worry
>[tli "on]
- a se a-~i
nelini~ti, a
se ingrijora,
face grij i
year
>[ liarJ
- an (calendaristic)
yellow
>[ielauJ
- galben
RECAPITULARE De acum inainte yom incepe lectiile cu prezentate
1.
cuno~tintele
0
scurta recapitulare a materialului anterior. Tot aici vor fi
de gramatica din lectia urmatoare.
Articolul hotiirat the: the tower
the school
the train
the table
the car
the time
the office
the apple
Daca euvantul care urmeaza dupa artieolul hotiirat ineepe eu articolului hotarat este [DZi]:
2.
the applc
> [IYi Epl]
the eye
> rlYi ail
0
voeala, atunei pronuntia
De cCIe l1111i Illllite ori 1(1I"nHII1l plundlll slIhstantivclor adaugand euvalltului terrninatia -s: suit
suits
> [su:ts]
ship
ships
>
[~ips]
Daea substantivul la singular se termina eu un sunet surd; atunei termina\ia de plural se pronunta [s]: book
- books
> [buks]
cat
- cats
> [kEts]
Daea insa substantivulla singular se termina eu un sunet sonor, atunei terminatia de plural se pronunta
[z]:
car
- cars
> [ka:rz]
day
- days
> [deiz]
Daea ultima litera a euvantului este s, sh, ch, x atunci pluralul se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei -es, care se pronunta
[iz]:
bus
- buses
> [basiz]
house
- houses
> [hauziz]
LECTIA 9 ,
" " PARTEA INTAI
fncepem lectia lnvatiind obi~nuitul set de cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie elar ~i cu voce tate: quarter
>[kuo:rtar]
- sfert, sfert de ceas/ora
husband
>[hazband]
- sot
bookcase
> Ibukkeis]
- raft, biblioteca
lamp
:{lEmp]
-lampa
plant
>[pla:nt]
- planta
tie
>ftai]
- cravatll
dining-room
~~
dllin i Il(~)
breakfast
:~
hrW, lilsll
parents
;'1 pClIrilllls!
shirt
>f ~il:ll]
""" cl'una~ll
hospital
>[hospitJ]
-- spital, clinica
I'll: III
I
,,~
sufragerie mic dejun pilrin(i
Sa repctilm cuvintele, intr-o alta ordine: quarter
>[kuo:rtar]
- sfert, sfert de ceas/ora
tie
>[tai]
-cravata
husband
:{hazband]
- sot
parents
>[pearants]
- parinti
hospital
>[hospitl]
- spital, clinica
shirt
:{~a:rt]
-cama~ii
lamp
>[lEmp]
-lampli
breakfast
>[brEkIast]
-mic dejun
dining-room
>[dainin(g) ru:m]
- sufragerie
bookcase
>[bukkeis]
- raft, biblioteca
plant
>[pla:nt]
- plantii
Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozitii. Repetati-le cu voce tare ~i
titi atenti la prommtia lor:
We have many plants at home.
>[lli: hEv meni pla:nts Et
Her husband is rich.
>[ha: r hazband iz rit~]
- Sotul ei este bogat.
These lamps are expensive.
>rrYi:zIEmps a:' ikspensiv]
- Aceste lampi sunt scumpe.
I want to buy a shirt.
>[ ai "0ll tlll hai a
It is on the bookcase.
>[ it iz Oil IYil bllkkeis]
_.0
It's a quarter past five.
> [its a k"o:'tar pa:st faiv]
- Este cinci ~i un sfert.
Do you know his parents?
> [du iu: nau hiz pearants]
- Ii cuno~ti pe parintii lui?
I often eat breakfast at seven.
>[ai ofn i:t brEkrast Et sevn]
- Eu iau des micul dejun la
He doesn't like ties.
>[hi: damt laik taiz]
- Nu-i plac cravatele.
I must go to hospital.
>[ ai mast gau tu hospitl]
- Trebuie sa merg la spital.
We have a large dining-room.
>[lli; hEv a la:fdj dainin(g) ru:m]
- Avem 0 sufragerie mare.
- Acasa avem multe plante.
haum]
~it:'!1
Vreau sa cumpar 0
cama~a.
Acela este pe raft.
~apte.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele nou invatate: Cama~ile
mele sunt ieftine.
Trebuie sa cumpar 0 cravata. Sunt
~i
parmtii lui aici?
- My> shirts are cheap. - I must buy a> tie.
- Are his > parents also here?
In casa noastra sunt mUlte plante.
- There are many> plants in our house.
Eu vreau sa am aceasta lampa verde.
- I want to have this green> lamp.
Sotul tau este fratele meu.
- Your> husband is my brother.
P!!Ae aceasta biblioteca in donnitorul nostru.
- Put this> bookcase in our bedroom.
Ei yin peste un sfert de ora.
- They are coming in a > quarter of an hour.
De obicei milncam in sufragerie.
- We usually eat in the> dining-room.
Ce iti place sa mananci la micul dejun?
- What do you like to eat for> breakfast?
Tatal meu trebuie sa mearga la spital.
- My father must go to > hospital.
Retineti utilizarea cuvilntului for in urmatoarele expresii: What do you like to eat for breakfast?
- Ce iti place sa mananci la micul dejun?
What's for breakfast today?
- Ce este azi la micul dejun?
Sa vedem daca ati retinut cuvintelenoi. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: Aceste plante trebuie sa fie in grMina.
>Thesc plants must be in the garden.
Nu-mi place sa fiu in spitaL
>1 don't like to be in hospitaL
Este doua ~i un sfert. (Este trecut cu 15 minute de ora doua.)
>It's a quarter past two.
S0tu1 meu conduce intotdeauna ma~ina.
>My husband always drives the car.
Putem sa luam impreuna micul dejuil?
>Can we eat breakfast together?
Pune aceste cacti in biblioteca.
>Put these books on the bookcase.
Parintii mei au bani putini.
>My parents have little money.
Care cam~a pot s-o iau?
>Which shirt can I take?
Trebuie sa iau ~i
>Must I also take a tie?
0
cravam?
Aceste veioze sunt frumoase, dar prea scumpe.
>These lamps are nice, but too expensive.
Putem sa fumam in sufragerie.
>We can smoke in the dining-room.
Articolul hotiidit the se poate amite In cazul unor cuvinte ca: mother, father, town, church, music. In cele ce urmeazii va prezentiim ~i alte cazuri asemiiniitoare, ca de exemplu: Inaintea denumirii meselor principale, folosite la modul general:
She always cats breakfllst at sewn.
. Ell
la intotdeauua mieul dejun la ~apte.
!naintea denumirU anotimpuri/or, dacli Ie jhlosim la modul general:
Do you like summer'? Daca vrem sii ne referim la hotiirdt the.
- 1ti place vara? 0
masii, sau la un anotimp anume, atunci trebuie safolosim articolul
The dinner which I am eating now is good.
- Cina pe care
0
mananc acum este buna.
Inaintea cuviintului hospital- spital, clinica nufolosim articolul hotiirdt, daciiparticipam la activitate in calitate de bolnav:
I must go to hospital.
- Trebnie sa merg la spital.
Daca mergem la spital in caUtate de vizitator sau ca membru al personalului, atunei spunem:
I go to the hospital every day.
- Merg la spital in fiecare zi.
Acum yom invata cateva verbe Doi: to park
::{ tu pa:Ck]
- a parca, a staliona
to get up
::{ tu get ap]
- a se ridica in picioare, a se scula din pat
to put on
::{tu put on]
- a se imbraca, a ~eza
to stay
::{tu steil
- a sta, a ramane
to have breakfast
>[tu hEy brEkfast]
- a lua micul dejun
to make
>[tu meik]
- a face, a confeqiona
Sa introducem verbele noi in propozitii: In Romania we always stay
>
~n
ru:mcinia "i: o:J"ciz stci I':t ~l hautel]
at a hotel.
- In Romania starn intotdeauna la hotel.
Tomorrow I must get up at 6 in the morning.
>[liunorau ai mast get ap I':t siks in DZa mo:'nin(g)]
- Maine trebuie sa rna scol la 6 dimineata.
You can park the car here.
>[ ill: kEn pa:'k DZa ka:'
- Poti sa parchezi m~ina aiei.
hia'] What time do you usually have brcakfast?
>[Uot taim du iu: iu:juali hEy brEkfast]
- La ce ora iei de obieei micul dejun?
Can I put on my father's suit?
>[kEn ai put on mai fa:Dza'z su:t]
- Pot sa (rna) imbrac (cu) costumul tatalui meu?
They make chairs in this factory.
>[DZei meik t~ea'z in DZjs fEktari]
- Ei confectioneaza scaune ill aceasta fabrica.
Pentru exersarea cuvintelor noi completati urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza: Imbracati 0 carn~a alba.
- > Put on a white shirt.
Trebuie sa stau zece zile ill spital.
- I must> stay in hospital for ten days.
Nu putem parca pe aceasta strada.
- We can't> park in this street.
Nu-mi place sa rna scol dimineata.
- I don't like to > get up in the morning.
Dumneavoastra, luati illtotdeauna micul dejun la ora opt?
- Do you always> have breakfast at eight?
Tatal meu coIifectioneaza acum
- My father is > making a bookcase now.
0
biblioteca.
Verbul to have eu sensul: a avea, a poseda nu sefolose!jte la prezentul continuu.ln unele situafii fnsii, eu ajutorullui fnloeuim alte verbe. In aeeste eazuri putem folosi verbul to have :;i la timpul prezent continuu:
to eat breakfast
to have breakfast
to drink tea
to have tca
to smoke a cigarette
to have a cigarette
Are you having breakfast now?
- lei acum micul dejun?
What tea is be baving now?
- Ce fel de ceai bea el acum?
John is baving his fourth cigarette.
- John fumeaza a patra tigara.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza folosind forma corespunzatoare a verbului to have: Peter ~i Mary beau cafea acum.
> Peter and Mary are having coffee now..
Acum am doi caini ~i
> Now I have two dogs and one cat.
pisica.
0
Ei iau micul dejun acum?
> Are they having breakfast now?
A cata ligara furnezi acum?
> Which cigarette are you having now?
Momentan nu am bani.
> I have no money at the moment.
., ';:';'_. ~' 1C';~~;::'
;:.::'.-
. e---
~'''-''
"!~~
.a-
~..;;)'.-~.
6:
.. ---.--.-----.~---------~
Acum vom inwitaformele verbului to be la timpul trecut simplu (the Simple Past Tense [DZa simpl .pa:st tens]). Acesta se folose:jte pentru exprimarea unei aCfiuni care s-a petrecut in trecut, la un moment determinat :ji nu are legiiturii cu prezentul. De obicei folosim aliituri de el urmiitoarele ' complemente de timp: yesterday
> [iestardei], [iestardi]
- ieri
ago
> [agau]
- in urma(eu), aeum(-)
last
> [la:st]
- ultim, (eel) din urma, treeut
Aceste complemente de timp stau la inceputul sau la sfar:jitul propozipei. Sii urmiirim acum folosirea cuvintelor ago :ji last in urmiitoarele structuri: two days ago
- in urma eu doua zile, acum doua zile
three weeks ago
- in urma cu trei saptamani, acum tre~saptamani
four years ago
- in urma eu patru ani, acum patru ani
last year
- anul treeut
last month
- luna trecuta
last Sunday
- duminiea treeuta
Iattiformele verbului to be la trecut simplu: I was
;fai "oz]
- eu am fost, eu eram
you were
;fiu "a:']
- tu ai fost, tu erai, dumneavoastra ati fast, dumneavoastra erati
he was
;fhi: "Oz]
- el a fast, el era
she was
:f~i:
- ea a fost, ea era
It was
:;f it "0/,1
we were
:;f"i: "a:']
-- noi am lost, noi eram
you were
;fiu: "a:']
- voi ati fost, voi erati
they were
;f DZei "a:']
- ei au fost, ei erau
"ozl
aceasta a fost/asta a fost, era (genu I neutru)
fn urmatoarele propozitii am utilizat formele verbului to be la timpul trecut simplu alaturi de complementul de timp corespunzator: Yesterday I was at home in the evening.
::fiesta'dei ai U oz Et Mum in DZi i:vnin(g)]
- leri seara am fost acasa.
I know you were in England two years ago.
;f ai nou iu: "a:' in in(g)gHlnd tu: iia'z agau]
-
Last week he was in hospital.
;fla:st "i:k hi: uoz in hospitl]
- Saptamana trecuta el a fost in spital.
Last month she was in Bucharest.
;fla:st manTs bukarest]
It was a long time ago.
;f it "oz a lon(g) taim agau]
- Aceasta a fast cu mult timp in unna.
Three years ago we were in that factory.
;fPri: iia'z agau "i: "a:' in DZet lEktari]
- fn unna cu trei ani am fast in fabrica aceea.
I think you were there yesterday.
;f ai T'in(g)k iu: "a:' [)Zea' iesta'dei]
- Cred ca ai fast acolo ieri.
Ten years ago they were babies.
;f len iiarz iigau DZei "a:' hcibiz]
- fn urma cu zece ani ei erau bebelu~i.
~i:
"oz in
~tiu ca ai fast in Anglia. in urma cu doi ani.
- Luna trecuta ea a fast in Bucure~ti.
Completati propozitiile in Iimba englcza. Folositi filtrul ro~u: Mama mea a fost in Anglia in urma cu o saptamana.
- My mother >was
Ace~ti
- These people >wcrc
oameni au fost in Romania anul trecut.
in England >a week ago.
leri am fost in gradina lui.
-Yesterday
Anul trecut am fost impreuna.
-Last year we >were together.
In unnii cu doi ani ai fost in Anglia.
-Two years ago
~tiu
- I know he :was >yesterday.
ca el a fost la tine acasa ieri.
7
I >was
in Romania >last year. in his garden.
you :were
in England.
at your house
A fast anul trecut.
- It> was last year.
Dumneavoastra ati fast luna trecuta la ~coala fiicei dumneavoastra.
- You> were at your daughter's school > last month.
Forma de interogativ a verbului to be la timpul trecut simplu se formeazii prin inversarea ordinii subiectului cu forma corespunzritoare a verbului la timpul trecut. Construc!ia rrispunsului afirmativ: cuvantul yes, urmat de pronumele personal # de forma corespunzritoare a verbului to be. Construc!ia nega!iei: cuvantul no, urmat de pronumelepersonal, deforma corespunzritoare a verbului to be ~i de cuvdntul not. Construc!ia was not prescurtatii devine wasn't [Uozut]; constructia were not devine weren't [Ua:'nt).
De exemplu: I was at school yesterday. Yes,Iwas.
Were you at school yesterday? > [Ua:' iu: Et sku:l iesta'dei] - Ai fast ieri la ~coala?
No, I was not. > [nau ai uoz not]
-Da, (am fast).
- No, I wasn't. > [nau ai Uozut] - Nu, (nu am fost).
They were at home last week. Were they at home last week?
Yes, they were.
NQ, they were not.
> l"a:'1 )/l;i 1':1
> 1ies I)lei "n:'1
> luall IYei "a:' not]
Du, (uu l(lSl).
- No, they weren't.
h:llIllI
la:s( lIi:kl
Au J(lsl ci llCUS!\
> [nau DZci lI a:'nt]
saptamfUlll lrccull\'l
- Nu, (nu au fast). Last year he was in England. Was ,he in England last year?
Yes, he was.
No, he was not.
> [Ua:' hi: in in(g)gliind la:st iia'] > [ies hi: U oz]
> [nau hi: uoz not]
-A fast el in Anglia? anul trecut?
-No, he wasn't. > [nau hi: uoznt]
-Da,(afost).
- Nu, (nu a fost). Formulati intrebari
~i
raspunsuri scurte la urmatoarele propozitii, in limba engleza:
Yesterday she was at work.
- >. Was she at work yesterday?
- Yes, > she was. - No,> shewasn't. We were together last year.
- > Were we together last year? - Yes,> we were. - No,> weweren't.
They were in his office yesterday.
- > Were they in his office yesterday? - Yes, > they were. - No, > they weren't.
He was a good boy ten years ago.
- > Was he a good boy ten years ago? - Yes, > he was. -- No, > he wasn't.
In cazul intreMrilor mai detaliate a~ezam cuvantul interogativ la inceputul intrebiirii: When were you in England?
> [Uen ua:r iu: in i.n(g)gHind]
- Cand ai fost in Anglia?
Why wasn't she at work
> [Uai uoznt ~i: Et ua:'k
- De ce nu a fost ea la
yesterday?
serviciu ieri?
iestardei]
AceasHt ncgatie poate fi folosita
~i
in propozitii complete:
She wasn't in England three years ago.
> [~i Uoznt in in(g)gland
My parents weren't here
> [mai peiiriints Uli:rnt hiar
Pri: iiarz agau]
yesterday
iestardei]
- Ea nu a fost in Anglia in urma eu trei ani. - Piirlntii mei nu au fost ieri aici?
Tradllce\i lIrmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Unde au fost ei sambiita trecutii?
> Where were they last Saturday?
Cine a
> Who was in his offiee an hour ago?
in biroullui in urma cu 0 ora?
f(lS(
Sora lor nu a fost la Londra saptiimana trecuta. leri nu
lUll
fost la oficiul po~tal.
Sa ne intoarccm la formarea pluralului. neregulat.
1.
> Their sister wasn't in London last week. > Yesterday we weren't at the post-office.
~tim
deja ea unele substantive formeaza pluralul in mod
1n cele ee urmeaza yom invata alte doua modalitati de formare a pluralului neregulat:
Substantive care la formarea pluralului f$i schimbii riidiicina $i pronunfia: foot
> [fut]
- pieior, laba
feet
> [fi:t]
- pieioare
piciorului
2.
tooth >[tu:P]
- dinte, masea
teeth
> [ti:P]
- dinti
goose >[gu:s]
- gasea
geese
> [gi:s]
-g~te
mouse> [maus]
-
mice
> [mais]
-
ehild > [t~aild]
- eopil
children
> [t~ildran]
- eopii
~oarece
~oareci
Substantive care se terminii fn -f, iar la plural acesta se schimbii fn v. Dacii f e urmat de e, atunci fi adiiugiim doar un -s, altfel cuwintul prime$te terminafia -es: loaf
> ~aufJ
- franzela, paine
loaves
> [lauvz]
-franzele
(de 0 anumita forma) - sotie, nevasta
wives
9
- sotii, neveste
shelf >[ ~elf]
-raft
shelves
>[~elvz]
-rafturi
life
>[laif]
- viata
lives
>[laivz]
- vieti
half
>[ha:f]
- jumatate
halves
>[ha:vz]
- jumatati
leaf
>[li:f]
- frunza
leaves
>[li:vz]
-frunze
- cutit
knives
>[naivz]
- cutite
knife >[naif]
Aproape toate accste cuvinte sunt noi pentru dumneavoastra. De aceea, repetati-Ie intr-o alta ordine: life
>[laif]
- viata
lives
>[ Jaivz]
- viep
knife
>[naif]
- cutit
knives
>[naivz]
- cutite
tooth
>[tu:T']
- dinte, masea
teeth
>[ti:T']
- dinti
loaf
>[Jiiuf]
- franze/a, paine
loaves
>[lauvz]
- franzele
mouse
>[maus]
-
mice
>[mais]
-
leaf
>[li:f]
-frunza
leaves
>[li:vz]
-frunze
wife
>[uaif]
- sope, nevasta
wives
>[Uaivz]
- sotii, neveste
foot
>[fut]
- picior, laba
feet
>[fi:t]
- picioare
child
>[t~aild]
- copil
children
>[ t~ildran]
- copii
shelf
>[~elf]
-raft
shelves
>[~elvz]
-rafturi
goose
>[gu:s]
- gasca
geese
>[gi:s]
-
half
>[ha:/]
- jumatate
halves
>[ha:vz]
- jumatap
~oarece
"A wife is cutting a loaf into halves with a knife."
~oareci
ga~te
Acum yom invata 0 serie de cuvinte noi: downstairs
>[ daunsteafz]
- la parter, jos
in front of
>[ in frant ov]
- in fata, dinaintea
opposite
>[opiizil]
- vizavi de, in partea cealalta
after
>[:1: Ilarl
- dupa, dupa aceea
still
>[ still
. inca, mai
Sa folosim cuvintclc noi 1n propozitii: The hotel is opposite our house.
>[DZa hautel iz opazit] auafhaus]
- Hotelul este vizavi de casa noastra.
He is still working.
>[hi: iz stil uii:'kin(g)]
- Ellucreaza inca.
Park the car in front of this building.
>[pa:rk DZa ka: f in frant ] ov DZis bildin(g) ]
- Parcheaza ma~ina in fata acestei cladiri.
Our kitchen is downstairs.
>[ auaf kit~iin iz] daunstea'z]
- Bucatana noastra este la parter.
I think he was there after six.
>[ ai TSin(g)k hi: Uoz] DZeaf a: na' siks]
- Cred ca el a fost acolo dupa ~ase.
Completati propozitiile in lirnba engleza folosind cuvintele nou invatate: Pot parca acolo dupa opt.
- I can park there> after eight.
Ea tocmai se duce la parter.
- She is just going> downstairs.
Acest om este in fata casei noastre.
- This man is > in front of our house.
El te viziteaza inca?
- Does he > still visit you?
Biroul lui este vizavi de statia de autobuz.
- His office is > opposite the bus station.
Am invatat deja ca structura there is/there are se folose~te 1a tirnpu1 prezent in cazul substantivelor nehotiirate. Forma acestei constructii 1a trecutul simplu este there was/there were. De exemplu: There were a lot of trees in this garden last year.
- Erau 0 multirne de copaci in aceasta gradina anul trecut.
Sa recapitullim acum materialul din prima parte a lectiei. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Acelea sunt cutitele tale (dumneavoastra)?
> Are those your knives?
II vad intotdeauna dupa micul dejun.
> I always see him after breakfast.
Pune lampa pe biblioteca.
> Put the lamp on the bookcase.
Vreau sa cumpar trei franzele.
> I want to buy three loaves of bread.
Vara nu mergem cu ma~ina.
> In summer we don't go by car.
La ce ora se scoala el de obicei?
> What time docs he usually get up?
Te rog, rlimiii dupa cina.
> Please, stay aner dinner.
Sunt
~oareci in
> There are mice in this building.
aceasta cladire.
Sotului meu ii place aceasta cravata.
> My husband likes this tie.
Vrei sa 1mbraci cama~a asta ro~ie?
> Do you want to put on this red shirt?
Aceste plante au fost in gradina noastra in urma cu un an.
> These plants were in our garden a year
Ei nu au fost ieri in sufragerie.
> They weren't in the dining-room yesterday.
Ea are
ga~te
ago.
> She has geese in the garden.
in gradina.
Parintii Uii erau inal\i?
> Were your parents tall?
Este aproape cinci ~i un slcrl.
> II's almost a quarter past five.
Vezi fj'unze in acest copac'?
> Do you see leaves in this tree?
Locuim vizavi de
> We live opposite a church.
0
biserica.
Maine trebuie sa ma scol dupa patru.
> I must get up after four tomorrow.
De obicei iau micul dejun la noua.
> I usually have breakfast at nine.
Te vlid des in fata acestei fabrici.
> I often see you in front of this factory.
Dintii lui nu sunt albi.
> His teeth aren't white.
In urma cu 0 ora erau multi copli in pare.
> An hour ago there were many children in the park.
12
LECTIA 9 - PARTEA A nOVA , In partea a doua a acestei lectii vom exersa trecutul simplu. Sa invatam mai intiii ciiteva cuvinte noi: dinner
>(dinan
- masa (principala), priinz, cina, dineu
the moon
>(Dzamu:n]
- luna
bird
>[ba:rd]
- pasare
cellar
>[sela']
-- pivnita, beci
corner
>[ko:rna']
- colt
television set
>[ teiivijn set]
- televizor
TV set
>( ti:vi: set]
- televizor
thing
>[Pin(g)]
- lucru, obiect
cincma
>[sinama]
shcd
>[~ed]
-
~opron, ~ura
sock
:>[sok]
-
~oseta
living-room
>[livin(g) ru:m]
- camera de zi
seat
:>[ si:t]
- loc de stat, scaun
cinema(tograf)
Sa relu1\m cuvintele intr-o alta ordine: television set
>[ telivijn set]
- televizor
shed
:>[~ed]
-
seat
:>[ si:t]
- loc de stat, scaun
TV set
>(ti:vi: set]
- televizor
sock
:>[sok]
-
cellar
:>[ sela']
- pivnita, beci
dinner
>[dina']
-
thing
:>[Tsin(g)]
- lucru, obiect
cinema
:>[sinama]
the moon
>[Dzamu:n]
- luna
living-room
>(livin(g) ru:m]
- camera de zi
bird
>[ba:rd]
- pasare
comer
>[ko:Tna']
-colt
~opron, ~ura
~oseta
masa (principala), priinz, cina, dineu
cinema(tograf)
13
Sa folosim cuvintele noi ill propozitii: Birds are sitting in the trees in my garden now.
> [ba:fdz a: f sitin(g~ in DZa tri:z in mai ga:fdn
- In copacii din gradina mea stau acum pasan.
nau] The cellar in our house is large.
> [DZa selaf in auar haus iz la:rdj]
- Pivnita din casa noastra estemare.
I love to go to the cinema.
> [ai lav tu gau tu DZa
- Imi place sa inerg la cinema.
sinama] Put on your socks!
>[put on io: r soks]
- Pune-ti ~osetele!
I always look for a seat on the bus.
>[ai o:l"eiz luk I<>:r ii si:t 011 D/u has]
- Intotdeauna caut un loc ill autobuz.
The moon is shining now.
>[D'u Illu:n iz ~aiJ1in(g)]
- Luna straluce~te (lumineaza) acum.
m\u] I often forget about many things.
>[ ai ofn forget abaut meni Pin(g)z]
- Vit des multe lucruri.
What time do you usually have dinner?
> ["ot taim du iu: iu :juali hEy dinar]
- La ce ora cinezi de obicei?
We have a television set in every room.
>[ ui hEy a telivijn set in evriru:m]
- Avem un televizor in fiecare camera.
The shed was too little.
>[DZa ~ed "oz tu: litI]
-
This shop is in the corner.
>[D'is ~()P iz in IYil ko:rnil']
- Acest magazin este pe colt.
Our living-room is nicc.
>[ uua r livin(") nUll iz
.- Camera noastra de zi este frumoaslL
nuisl We must buy a TV sct.
>["i: mast hai a li:vi: sct]
~ura era prea mica.
- Trebuie sa cumparam un televizor.
Retineti diteva din expresiile folosite 1n propozitiile anterioare: on the bus
- in autobuz
in the corner
- pe colt, in colt
Iar acum traduceti in limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos: Bicicleta ta este in ~opron.
>Your bicycle is in the shed.
Luna straluce~te (lumineaza) in fiecare noapte?
>Does the moon shine every night?
Este televizor in camera de zi?
>Is there aTV set in the living-room?
Vrei un lac?
> Do you want a seat?
Nu-mi plac
~osetele albe.
>1 don't like white socks.
Ei locuiesc vizavi de cinema.
>They live opposite the cinema.
Am ciiteva scrisori de scris.
>I have some letters to write. 1A
Scaunul este in colt. Sunt multi
~oareci
> The chair is in the corner.
in pivnita.
> There are a lot of mice in the cellar.
Este scump acest televizor?
> Is this television set expensive?
Putem sa cinam impreuna?
> Can we have dinner together?
Sa ne fntoarcem la timpul trecut simplu. $tim deja dind trebuie safolosim acest timp :ji cum trebuie sa conjugam verbul to be la timpul respectiv. lata alte cateva verbe la timpul trecut: Pronume personal sau substantiv I
+
verb visited
+ my mother yesterday.
- len am vizitat-o pemamamea.
forme last week.
- EI m-a a~teptat saptamana trecuta.
[vizitid]
He
waited [Ueitid]
Dupa cum ati observat verbul prime:jte terminatia -ed. Aceasta se adauga doar verbelor care nu au terminatia -e: visit
- visited
>
wait
- waited
> [Ueitid]
~izitid]
Daca verbul are termina\ia -e, i se adauga doar litera -d: - liked
like
> [lazkt]
La folosirea terminatiei -ed sa fun atenti la urmatoarele:
1.
In
cazul verbelor a caror terminatie este litera -y precedata de 0 consoanii, litera y se transforma fn -i la fe! ca :ji fn cazul formarii pluralului substantivelor:
try
2.
- tried
> [traid]
In cazul unor verbe, consoana de la sfar:jitul cuvantului se dubleaza, fntocmai ca :ji fn cazul terminafiei -ing: stop
- stopped
1stopt]
lar acum sa vedem regulile referitoare la pronun\ia verbelor al caror trecut se formeaza prin adaugarea sufixului -ed:
1.
In cazul fn care consoana de la sfar:jitul verbului nu sepronuntii, terminatia -ed vafi pronunfata [t]: look
2.
-looked
> [lukt]
Daca terminafia verbului este a consoana sonora sau a vocala - cu exceptia literei e-, atunci pronuntia terminatiei -ed este [ d]: show
- showed
worry
-worried
> [~oud]
15
3.
Dadi consoana finalii a verbului este t sau d, atunci pronunfia terminaliei este [id]: visit
- visited
Exemplele wm~itoare va vor ajuta sa illtelegeli mai jos eu voee tare:
>[vizitid] ~i
sa folositi regulile anterioare. Cititi propozitiile de
We visited our parents yesterday.
>[Ui: vizitid aua f peariints iestardei]
He entered this shop a minute ago.
>[hi: entafd DZis minit agau]
They walked to work two days ago.
>[DZei uo:kt tll
Yesterday she stopped smoking.
>[iestafdei ~i: stopt smaukin(gJ]
- Ea s-a liisat ieri de fumat.
She wanted to visit us last week.
>[ ~i: lI ontid tu vizit as la:st ui:k]
- Ea a vrut sa ne viziteze. saptamiina treeuta.
I worried about you yesterday.
>[ ai uorid abaut iu: iestafdei]
- Ieri m-am ingrijorat in legatura eu tine.
They lived in London ten years ago.
>[DZei livd in landn ten iiafz agau]
- Ei au loeuit in Londra ill wma eu zeee ani.
He listened to the radio yesterday.
>[hi: lisnd tu DZa reidiau iestafdei]
- El a aseultat ieri radioul.
lI
~op
a
a:fk tu:
deiz agau]
- Ieri i-am vizitat pe parintii , nostri. , - EI a intrat in acest magazin in urma eu un minut. - Ei au mers pe jos la lucru aeum doua zile.
Completati propozitiilc in limba cnglezA eu forma corespullzatoare a verbului la timpul treeut simplu:
-My parents> opened an office yesterday.
Parintii mci au dcsehis ieri un birou. Ciind a intrat el in easil, noi cram in gradina.
- When he > entered the house we were in the garden.
Ea ne-a multumit ieri pentru asta.
- She> thanked us for it yesterday.
In urma eu 0 saptiimana am vorbit cu fratele
- A week ago I > talked with your brother.
tau. leri am ~teptat-o doua ore.
- Yesterday I > waited for her for two hours.
Noi am luerat in Anglia anul treeut.
- Last year we > worked in England.
~oferul ne-a
- The driver> showed us his car yesterday.
aratat ieri ma~ina sa.
Saptiimana trecuta am mel'S pe jos la ~coala.
- Last week we > walked to school.
1m placea acest or~ eand eram copil.
- I > loved this town when I was a boy.
Prietenul ei i-a eerut 0 carte.
. - Her friend> asked her for a book.
Ei au vrut sa mearga acolo acum un an.
- They> wanted to go there a year ago.
Noi am cautat ieri eravatele lui.
- We > looked for his ties yesterday.
16
.-~
In limba engleza exista ~i 0 serie de verbe neregulate, care nu formeaza timpul trecut cu sutixul -d sau -ed. Cele trei forme ale acestar verbe trebuie invalate pe de rost. Forma I
Forma a II-a
Forma aID-a
infinitiv
trecutul simplu
participiul trecut
see
> lsi:]
- a vedea
saw
> [so:]
seen
> [si:n]
go
> [gou]
-a merge
went
> ["cnt]
gone
> [gan)
have
> [hEv]
-a avea
had
> [hEd]
had
> [hEd]
be
> fbi:]
-ati
waslwere
> [Uoz/"a: r]
been
> [bi:n]
eat
> [i:t]
- a manea
ate
>
~it]
eaten
> [Un]
drink
> [drin(g)k] -a bea
drank
> [drEn(g) k]
drunk
> [dran(g)k]
1nvaluli toatc cde trei forme verbale! De participiul trecut (Past Participle) ne vom ocupa in lectia ufl11lLloare. Repela(i de mai multe ori cele trei forme ale verbelor neregulate: ati
> be
> was/were
> been
a bea
> drink
> drank
> drunk
a veden
> see
> saw
> seen
a merge
> go
> went
> gone
a manen
> eat
> ate
> eaten
a avea
> have
> had
> had
Traduec(i unnlltoarele propozitii in limba engleza: leri am bUnt prea multa bere.
> I drank too much beer yesterday.
in urmu eu doi ani anl avut un apartament laLondra.
> Two years ago I had an apartment in London.
Parintii mei au mers in Anglia acum
> My parents went to England three weeks ago.
trei saptllmani. Atunci i-am vl\zut pc ace~ti oameni.
> I saw these people then.
Noi am mancat multe mere ieri.
> We ate a lot of apples yesterday.
leri la ~apte dumneavoastra erati la lucm.
> You were at work at seven yesterday.
17
Sa ne fntoarcem acum la problema pluralului neregulat. in cere ce urmeaza vom fnvata de substantive neregulate: 1.
2.
3.
Substantive compuse care denumesc ocupapi ~i con,tin substantivele man
alta serie
woman:
postman
> [paustmen]
postmen
> [paustman]
- po~ta~/po~ta~i
policeman
> [pali:smen]
policemen
> [pali:sman]
-
fIreman
> [faia'men]
fIremen
> [faiarman]
- pompier/i
policewoman
> [pali:s"man]
policewomen
> [pali:s"imin]
- femei/e poli!ist
poli!istJpoli!i~ti
Substantive al caror plural se jormeaza prin adaugarea sufixului -es: potato
> [piHeitou]
potatoes
> [pateitouz]
- cartoffi
tomato
> [tama:lou]
tomatoes
> [Ulma:tauz]
- ro~ie/ro~ii
> [oksn]
- boulboi
Substantive care primesc suflXul -en la plural: > [oks]
ox
4.
~i
0
Substantive care au
aceea~i
oxen ~i
forma
la plural,
~i
la singular:
deer
> [diar]
deer
> [diar]
-caprioaraJ caprioare
sheep
>[~i:p]
sheep
> [~i:p]
- oaie/oi
... one sheep and one deer ...
... four sheep and four deer ...
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Ace~ti po~~i
aduc scrisori in biroul nostru.
> These postmen bring letters to our offIce.
Pompierii aceia erau inalti.
> Those fIremen were tall.
Iti plac cartofii?
> Do you like potatoes?
Tomatele soot ro~ii.
> Tomatoes are red.
Am avut patru boi ~i zece oi.
> We had four oxen and ten sheep.
Vezi acele caprioare liinga cOPllci?
> Do you see those deer near the trees?
~i
acum sa recapituHim materia intregii lectii. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:
El a vrut sa faea ieri dar nu a avut timp.
0
> He wanted to make a bookcase yesterday, but he had no time.
biblioteea,
De obicei iau micul dejun aeasa la un restaurant.
~i
> I usually have breakfast at home
cina
and dinner at a restaurant.
Acele cravate nu erau frumoasc.
> Those ties weren't nice.
Ea a fost atunci In spital?
> Was she in hospital then?
Ai plante In sufragcrie'?
> Have you plants in the dining-room?
Sotiilor Ie place sa mearga la plimbare cu sotii lor.
> Wives like to go for a walk with their husbands.
Vara uncori ploua, iar iarna ninge.
> It sometimes rains in summer and in winter it snows.
Poti sa te scoli?
> Can you get up?
Trcbuie sa ma Imbrac cu cel mai bun costum.
> I must put on my best suit.
Pisicilor Ie plac
~oarecii?
> Do cats like mice?
Ai dinti frumo~i.
> You have nice teeth.
Pune aceste carti pe aceste rafturi!
> Put these books on these shelves!
Ciind a coborat, el a vamt doi copii in fata lui.
> When he went downstairs he saw two children in front of him.
Acest cinematograf este vizavi de Mergi in pivnita
~i
~coala
> This cinema is opposite our school.
noastra.
> Go to the cellar and bring the green chairs!
adu scaunele verzi!
Am vrut sa cumpar un televizor bun, dar era prea scump.
> I wanted to buy a good TV set,
leri 1l1-am ingrijorat pentru tine.
> Yesterday I worried about you.
Mai mult de a suta de pasari stau in copacul nostru in clipa aceasta.
> More than a hundred birds are sitting on our tree at the moment.
Trebuie sa am intotdeauna loc in autobuz.
> I must always have a seat on a bus.
leri noi am mancat prea mult.
> We ate too much yesterday.
Multe femei politist luereaza in or~ul nostru.
> Many policewomen work in our town.
leri ti-am vazut bicicleta in din eoltul gradinii. leri te-a
but it was too expensive.
~ura aceea
a~teptat un po~t~ in
> Yesterday I saw your bicycle in that shed in the corner ofthe garder.
> A postman waited for you in front
fata easeL
of the house yesterday.
> We had more money then.
Atunci noi aveam mai multi bani.
19
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 9 , 9.1.
In unele situatii putem omite articolul hotarat the, $i anume, in cazul unor cuvinte ca mother, father, town, church, music. In cele ce urmeaza va prezentam $i alte situatii In care articolul hotarat poate lipsi: 9.1.1. Inaintea denumirii meselor principale folosite la modul general: - Ea ia intotdeauna micul dejun la $apte.
She always eats breakfast at seven.
9.1.2. Inaintea denumirii anotimpurilor folosite la modill general:
- Iti place vara?
Do you like summer?
9.1.3. Inaintea cuvantului hospital, in calitate de bolnav: I must go to hospital.
- Trebuie sa merg la spital.
Daca starn la spital, sau mergem acolo in vizita, sau ca membru al personalului, folosim articolul howat: I go to the hospital every day.
- Merg la spital in fiecare zi.
Daca ne referim la 0 masa sau un anotimp anume, atunci se folose$te Intotdeauna articolul hotarat the: The dinner which I am eating now is good. 9.2.
- eina pe care 0 miinanc acurn este buna.
The Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu) 9.2.1. Folosirn aeest limp in cazul unor aC\iuni terminate, care s-au des~urat In trecut, ~i care nu all legatura eu prezentul. Folosim urrnatoarele complemente de timp: yesterday
ricsla'dcilicsla'di]
~.
ago
(agiiu]
-In urma(cu), acum...
last
[Ia:sl]
- ultim, cel din urma, trecut
(ziua de) ieri
Aceste trei adverbe de timp stau la Inceputul sau la sf'ar~itul propoziliei. 9.2.2. Formele verbului to be la Trecut Simplu: I was
[ai Uoz]
- eu am fost, eram
you were
[iU: 'a:']
- tu ai fost, erai/dumneavoastra ali fost, erali
he was
[hi: Uoz]
- el a fost, era
she was
[~i:
- ea a fast, era
it was
[itUoz]
- aceasta, asta a fast, era (genul neutru)
we were
[Ui: ua :']
- noi am fost, eram
you were
[iu: ua:']
- voi ali fost, erali
they were
[DZei ua:']
- ei, ele au fost,erau
Uoz]
9.2.3. Forma interogativa a timpului trecut simplu (Simple Past) a verbului to be se formeaza prin inversarea subieetului eu forma eorespunzatoare a verbului to be. Construetia raspunsului afirmativ: yes + pronume personal + forma eorespunzatoare a verbului to be la timpul treeut simplu. Forma negativa: no + pronume personal + to be + not. Was not se poate prescurta wasn't; iar, were not - weren't. J was at school yesterday.
- Jeri am fost la ~coala.
Were you at school yesterday?
- Ai fast la ~coaHi?
Yes, I was.
- Da, (am fost).
No, J was not.
- Nu, (nu am fost).
No,Iwasn't Where were you yesterday?
- Unde ai fost ieri?
9.2.4. Constructia propozitiei la timpul trecut simplu: Pronume personal sau substantiv
He
+ verb
+
visited
my mother yesterday.
waited for
me last week.
Verbul prime~te sufixul-ed. Aceasta regula este valabila daca ultima litera a verbului nu este -e. Daca ultima litera a verbului este -e, atunci ii adaugam doar un -d. like
[laikt]
- liked
9.2.5. In cazul utilizarii sufixului -ed trebuie sa fun atenti la urmatoarele: Daca ultima litera a verbului este -y, atunci aceasta se transforma ill -i, terminatia -ed. try
~i
apoi prime~te
[traid]
- tried
In cazul unor verbe, consoana de la staqitul cuvantului se dubleaza, la fel ca ~i in cazul adaugarii terminatiei -ing. stop
[stopt]
- stopped
9.2.6. Regulile de pronuntie a verbelor formate cu ajutorul terminatiei -ed: Daca ultima litem a verbului la infmitiv este 0 consoana surda atunci pronuntia sufixului este: look
Daca ultima litera a verbului este sufixului este: show
[lukt]
-looked 0
consoana sonora sau [~oud]
-showed
')1
0
vocala, atunci pronuntia
Daca ultima consoana a verbului este -t sau -d atunci pronuntia sufixului este rid]: - visited
visit
[vizitid]
9.2.7. Verbe neregulate:
In limba engleza exista ~i verbe al caror trecut nu se formeaza cu ajutorul terrninatiei -ed. Formele verbelor neregulate ~i pronuntia lor trebuie lnvatate ca ~i cuvinte separate. La pagina 37 yeti gasi lista verbelor neregulate lnvatate parra acurn. 9.3.
Pluralul substantivelor neregulate: 9.3 .1. Substantive a caror radacina
foot
[fut]
~i
pronuntie se modifica de la singular la plural: feet
[fi:t]
- laba piciorului, labe
9.3.2. Substantive compuse, una din componente fiind man sau woman:
postman
[paustmen]
postmen
[paustman]
-
po~t~/i
9.3.3. Substantivele care se termina cu vocala 0 primesc la plural terminatia -es:
potato
[pateitou]
potatoes
[pateitouz]
- cartof/i
9.3.4. Substantive care la plural primesc terminatia -en:
ox
[oks]
oxen
[oksn]
- bou/boi
9.3.5. Substantive care au aceea~i forma amt la singular cat ~i la plural:
deer
[dia']
deer
22
[ dia']
- caprioaralcaprioare
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 9 A
B.
C.
Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii: 1.
Are your brothers having breakfast now?
2.
Where were you yesterday?
3.
My children like mice, but I don't.
4.
I think these knives are on those shelves.
5.
In the comer of the cellar there was a little bird.
6.
I wanted to go to England last year.
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: 1.
leri noi am lucrat acasa, dar saptamiina trecuta am fost la birou.
2.
El a avut trei neveste.
3.
Trebuie sa cumparam ni~te cartofi.
4.
Azi cinam in restaurantul de vizavi de cinematograf.
5.
Nu lua ace~ti ciorapi ro~ii.
6.
Toate caprioarele sunt frumoase.
Corectati
gre~elile
din propozitiile de mai jos:
I.
This policewomen are in the comer, in front of that shop.
2.
How many sheeps do you keep in that shed in the garden?
3.
) was at home yesterday and I listened music.
4.
My daughter tryed to buy this car, but it was too expensive.
5.
We seed your brother three weeks ago.
6.
They goed to London then.
LECTIA 10 ,
" " PARTEA INTAI
Sa lncepem lectia lnvatfuld dHeva cuvinte noi. Fiti atenti la pronuntie: nurse
> [na:'s]
- infrrmiera, sora
football
> [futbo:l]
- fotbal
match
>
very
> [veri]
- foarte
magazine
> [mEgazi:n]
- revista, magazin
spring
> [spnn ]
- primavara, primavaratic
autumn
> [o:tam]
- toamna
typist
> [taipist]
- dactilografa
newspaper
> [niu:speipa']
- ziar, gazeta
tool
> [tu:l]
- unealta, scula
baker
> [beild]
- brutar
Acum repetati
[mEt~]
• (g)
acelea~i
-meci
cuvinte intr-o alta ordine:
tool
> [tu:l]
- unealta, scula
football
> [("litho: I]
- fotbal
typist
>
magazine
> [ mEg[tzi:n]
- revista, magazin
very
> [veri]
- foarte
newspaper
> [niu;speipa']
- ziar, gazeta
nurse
> [na:'s]
- infirmiera, sora
autumn
> [o:tiim]
-toamna
baker
> [beika']
- brutar
spring
•
[ sprm
-primavara, pnmavaratic
match
>
rtllipisl]
[mE~]
- dactilografa
-meci
Sa [olosim acum cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntia lor:
She is reading a newspaper now.
>[ ~i: iz ri:din(g) a niu:speipar nau]
- Ea cite~te acum un ziar.
Is it still spring?
>[ iz it stil sprin(g)]
- Este inca primavara?
My father keeps his tools in the shed.
/jmai IldYarki:ps hiz 11I:lz ill IYii ~ed]
- Tatal meu i~i tine uneltele in magazie.
Do they like magazines for women?
>Jelu fYci laik ml\gill':i:llz Ill:'" "imin]
- (Lor) Ie plac revistele pentru femei?
My sister is a nurse.
>[mai sistaf iz a na:fs]
- Sora mea este infmniera.
Must we have a typist in the otHee'l
>[mast lIi: hEy a taipist in DZi ofis]
- Trebuie sa avem 0 dactilografii in birou?
There is a football match tonight.
>[Dzear iz a futbo:l mEt~ tanait]
- Este un meci de fotbal diseara.
Autumn comes after summer.
>{ o:tam kamz a:ftaf samaf]
- Toamna vine dupa vara.
This bakcr makes very good bread.
>[DZis belkaf melks veri gud bred]
- Acest brutar face paine foarte buna.
Folositi cuvintele noi pentru completarea urmiitoarelor propozitii in limba engleza: Acestc unelte sunt foarte scumpe.
- These> tools are> very expensive.
Primavara copacii sunt verzi.
- In > spring the trees are green.
Dou1i dacHlografe lucreaza in biroul nostru.
- Two > typists work in our office.
Mergeti des la meciuri de fotbal?
- Do you often go to > football matches?
Magazinul acestui brutar este pe colt.
- This> baker's shop is in the comer.
Mama mea este infirmiera.
- My mother is a> nurse.
Toamna fmnzele sunt galbene.
- In > autumn the leaves are yellow.
Cite~te
- Read this> magazine!
aceasta revistii!
Adu-mi zjaml (meu)!
- Bring me my > newspaper!
Iar acum vom invata alte verbe neregulate: do
>[du:]
did
>( did]
done
>[dan]
drive
>[draiv]
drove
>(drauv]
driven
>[drivn]
speak
>(spi:k]
spoke
>(spouk]
spoken
>(spoukn]
take
>(telk]
took
>(tuk]
taken
>(telkn]
read
>[ri:d]
read
>(red]
read
>[red]
write
>(rait]
wrote
>(rout)
written
>[ritn]
25
Sa introducem aceste verbe in propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
He did it yesterday.
- El a fiicut asta ieri.
A year ago we drove to England.
- In urma cu un an noi am fost cu m~ina in Anglia.
The nurse spoke with her friend last week.
- Infmniera a vorbit cu prietena sa saptamilna trecuta.
Yesterday I took the children to school.
- leri am dus copiii la ~coala.
I read this book many years ago.
-Am citit aceasta carte cu multi ani in urma.
My husband wrote a letter to his sister.
- Sotul meu i-a scris 0 scrisoare surorii sale.
lata un exercitiu de verificare. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Saptamilna trecuta sora lui i-a scris scrisoare lunga.
> Last week his sister wrote a long letter to him.
0
Ei ne-au luat ieri toti banii.
> They took all our money yesterday.
Atunci el a plecat cu ma~ina.
> Then he drove.
leri am citit 0 scrisoare frumoasa.
> Yesterday I read a nice letter.
Am vorbit cu ei acum doua zile.
> We spoke to them two days ago.
Ei au fiicut asta ieri.
> They did it yesterday.
La sfiir~itul caietului de curs yeti gasi lista tuturor verbelor neregulate invatate pilna acum. In lectia anterioarii ati afTat cum se formeazii interogativul \vi negativul verbului to be la timpul trecut simplu (Simple Past). Acum veti inviitaformarea interogativului ~i a negativului altor verbe la acest timp. Asemiiniitor timpului prezent (Simplc Present), ~i la timpul trecutfolosim un verb auxiliar. Acest verb auxiliar este verbul to do la trecut ~i anume did [did]. Retineti structura propozitiei: Verb auxiliar
+ pronume personal
Did
+ verb la timpul
sau substantiv
prezent
you/the student
read
+ ... this book yesterday?
Nu uitafi! lnpropozifiile in care folosim verbul auxiliar did, verbul de conjugat este la prezent, lara particula to.
lata ciiteva exemple: Mary saw John yesterday. Did Mary see John yesterday? > [did mean si: djon iestardei]
26
- L-a viizut Mary pc John ieri?
They smoked many cigarettes last year. Did they smoke many cigarettes last year?
- Ei au fumat multe tigari anul trecut?
> [ did DZei smauk meni sigarets la:st iili']
She drank too much beer last night. Did she drink too much beer last night?
> [did ~i: drin(g)k tu: bili' la: st nait]
mat~
- A baut ea prea multa bere searaJnoaptea trecuta?
Retineti urmatorul complement de timp: last night
- ieri searalnoapte
Raspunsurile afirmative Ie formulam folosind euviintul yes, urmat de forma eorespunzatoare a pronumelui personal ~i de verbul auxiliar. Propozitiile negative euprind euviintul no, pronumele personal, .fiirma eorespunztitoare a verbului auxiliar ~i euviintul not. Construetia did not poate ji preseurlata subforma didn't [didnt]. De cxcmplu: The nurse gave l11e a newspaper yesterday. Did the nurse give yesterday?
1110
a newspaper
Yes, she did.
>1;0S
No, she didn't.
>Inau
- Mi-a dat ieri infmniera un ziar?
~i:
-Da.
did]
~i:
-Nu.
didnt]
They wanted to go there last year. Did they want to go there last year?
- Au vrut ei sa mearga acolo anul trecut?
Yes, they did.
>[ ics IYei didl
-Da.
No, they didn't.
>[nau lYe; didnq
-Nu.
Acum formulati intrebari, raspunsuri aJinnative
~i
negative la unnatoarele propozitii:
,_. > Ilid she worry about her son yesterday? Yes, > she did.
She worried about her son yesterday.
,,00
- No, > she didn't. You took the money.
- > Did you take the money? - Yes, > I did. - No, > I didn't.
My daughter did it two days ago.
- > Did my daughter do it two days ago? - Yes, > she did. - No, > she didn't.
- > Did they eat too much bread yesterday? - Yes, > they did.
They ate too much bread yesterday.
- No, > they didn't.
27
o
Did you take the money?
In cazul fntrebarilor fn care se cer detalii sau completari, pronumele interogativ se pune inaintea cuvfmtului did: John went home yesterday.
Where did John go yesterday?
- Dnde s-a dus John ieri?
She wanted these books.
What did she want?
- Ce a vrut ea?
They listened to music last night.
When did they listen to music?
- Cand au ascultat ei muzica?
Retincti cit structura acclor intrebari in care figureaza pronumele interogativ who cstc ceu u unei propozitii afirmative, de aceea verbul se ana la forma a JI-a (Simple Past)/torma de afirmativ: Peter spokc to mc last Sunday.
- Peter a vorbit cu mine duminica trecuta.
Whb spoke to me last Sunday?
- Cine a vorbit cu mine duminica trecuta?
We opened the shop last week.
- Noi am deschis magazinul saptamana trecuta.
Who opened the shop last week?
- Cine a deschis magazinul saptamana trecuta?
Sa folosirn cele invatate traducand in lirnba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: Dnde a lucrat aceasta infirmiera anul trecut? Aceste dactilografe
i~i
iubeau munca?
>Where did this nurse work last year? >Did these typists like their work?
Cine s-a dus in Anglia prirnavara trecuta?
>Who went to England last spring?
Aceste ziare ~i reviste au fost pe masa in bucatarie?
>Were this newspapers and magazines on the table in the kitchen?
Jeri ai dus uneltele in magazie?
> Did you take the tools to the shed yesterday?
Ai vazut sufrageria lor?
> Did you see their dining-room?
Unde s-au dus ieri parinlii Mariei?
> Where did Mary's parents go yesterday?
Ai luat ieri micul dejun?
> Did you have breakfast yesterday?
Cine a oprit circulatia?
> Who stopped the traffic?
Sa 1l1vatam allc cutcva cuvinte noi. Citili-Ie cu voce tare
'Q
~i
fiti atenli la pronuntie:
again
>[agein], [agen]
- din nou,
before
>[bifo:']
- inainte de, mai inainte
busy
>[bizi]
- ocupat
ready
>[redi]
- gata
full
>[ful]
- plin, mcarcat
till
>[ til]
- pana la, pana ce
too
>[tu:]
- de asemenea,
to watch
>[tu Uot~]
- a se uita, a veghea, a paudi
the other
>[D'i aDZa']
- eeialalt, cealaita (ceilaW, ceIelalte)
iara~i,
mca 0 data
~i
Completa(i propozitiile m limba engleza folosind cuvintele noi: EI a l()st aici inainte de luni.
- He was here> before Monday.
Ea I-a vazut ~i pe el.
- She saw him, > too.
E~ti
- Are you> ready? We must go.
gata'? Trebuie sa mergem.
Aceste doua ma~ini sunt frumoase dar cealalta este mai buna.
-- These two cars are nice but> the other is better.
Autobuzul era plin eu oameni.
- The bus wa..~ > full ofpeople.
Uite! Pasarea cantil din nou!
- Look! The bird is singing> again!
Sunt prea oeupat ca sa merg cu tine la einematograf.
- I'm too> busy to go with you to the cinema.
Dumneavoastra trebuie sa Iucrati pana la ora einci.
- You must work> till five o'clock.
Te-ai uitat ieri Ia meci?
- Did you> watch the match yesterday?
29
Retineti urmatoarea expresie in limba engleza: Here you are.
- Poftiti/Poftim. (Este aici).
>[hia' iu: a:']
De exemplu: Give me that book, please.
- Dati-mi cartea aceea, va rog.
Here you are.
- Poftiti.
Urmeaza alte cuvinte
~i
expresii noi:
all sorts of
>[ 0: 1 so:'ts ov]
- de toate felurile, de tot felul
all kinds of
>[ 0: 1 kaindz ov]
- de toate tipOOle, de toate felOOle
My father liked all sorts of books.
>[mai fa:Dza' lalkt 0:1 so:'ts ov buks]
- Tatalui meu ii placeau toatt-. felOOle de clifti.
Yesterday we visited all kinds of shops.
>[iesta'dei ui: vizitid 0:1 kaindz ov ~ops]
- leri am vizitat tot felul de magazine.
How are you?
>[hau a:' iu:]
- Ce mai faci?
In ultima intrebare a exercitiului anterior ne putem referi ~i la alte persoane. De exemplu: Cum este el?/Ce mai face el?
>Jlow is he?
Cum sunt ei'?/Ce mai tac ci'?
>How are they?
Cum este fratele tau?/Cc mai face fratclc tau?
>How is your brother?
Sa ne intoarcem acum la regulile timpului trecut simplu (Simple Past Tense). Forma prescurtata negativa didn't sau forma intreaga did not poate fi folosita ~i in propozifii afirmative. Fifi atenfi fntotdeauna la faptul cli in cazul in care cuvantul did esie prezent in propozifie, atunci verbul principal se folose~te fara particula to, deci la forma I din dicfionar. He didn't see his children yesterday.
>[hi: didnt si: hiz t~ildran iesUi'dei]
- EI nu ~i-a vamt ieri copiii.
My mother's friend didn't come to us last week.
>[mai maDza'z frend didnt kam tu as la:st ui:k]
- Prietenul mamei mele uu a venit la uoi saptamana trecuta.
30
Traduceti in limba engleza unnatoarele propozitii: Atunci nu I-am inteles.
> I didn't understand him then.
Nu au vrut sa cautc asta ieri.
> They didn't want to look for it yesterday.
Parintii mei nu au uitat sa rna viziteze ieri.
> My parents didn't forget to visit me yesterday.
Nu S-ll lasat de fumat ciind a fost in spital.
> He didn't stop smoking when he was in hospital.
So\ia mea nu
in exerd\illl
~i-a
pus
aee~ti
pantofi verzi ieri.
>My wife didn't put on these green shoes yesterday.
lIrmiitor vom recapitula prima parte a leetiei:
Ciind IIi vilzut acest meci?
> When did you see this match?
EI a avul tot lclul de unelte.
> He had all kinds of tools.
Acest 011\
> Was this man a baker?
II
(1St brutar?
De ce ui condlls ieri a
ma~ina?
> Why did you drive a ear yesterday?
Cine u scds scrisoarea aceasta?
> Who wrote this letter?
Cum
> How did they do it?
IIlI
leri noi
li1cut asta? IlU 11m
baut bere.
> We didn't drink beer yesterday.
Ai dOt desprc usta ieri in ziar?
> Did you read about it in the newspaper yesterday?
Ce mai Jilci'l
>Howareyou?
leri am Ibst prell oClipat ca sa vorbese eu tine.
> Yesterday I was too busy to talk with you.
La ce orill-uti vilzlIt dumneavoastra pe eelalalt om?
> What timo did you sec the other man?
I-ai mul\umit ieri surorii tale pentru eartea asta?
> Did you thank your sister for this book yesterday?
6
incheiere, cxersati-va pronuntia cu ajutorul unnatoarelor seturi de cuvinte care contin acel~i sunet:
[au]
[u:]
[au]
[ei]
brown
shoe
smoke
table
town
too
no
take
our
room
so
wait
hour
do
go
day
tower
two
know
plane
LECTIA 10 - PARTEA A DOVA , Cititi dialogurile unnatoare ~i exersati-va cu atentie pronuntia. Cuvintele accentuate sunt scrise ingro~at:
~i
silabele care trebuie
John:
Can I talk to your husband for a minute or two?
Mary:
I think you can't. My husband went to our daughter at a quarter to six.
John:
Why did he go there?
Mary:
He wanted to buy a bookcase and a lamp for her in the shop opposite our house.
Tom:
What did Peter do after he came home?
Barbara:
He went to the hospital where his mother was.
Tom:
Did he stay long with his mother?
Barbara:
No, he didn't. He talked to her and they listened to the radio together.
Mary:
Were you at home yesterday?
Peter:
Yes, I was, but I wanted to go to the cinema.
Mary:
Did you go?
Peter:
No, I didn't. My friend visited me. We stayed at home. We wanted to watch a football match.
John:
What did you do last week?
Barbara:
On Monday I read a letter. It was a very nice letter.
John:
Did you go to work on Tuesday?
Barbara:
Yes, I did. I had a lot of work to do and I was very busy. I wrote all sorts ofletters.
John:
Are you a typist?
Barbara:
Yes, I am. [ lII
Mary:
Did you have time to talk to John last week?
Peter:
Yes,Idid.
Mary:
How is he?
Peter:
He is aU right. On Wednesday he stopped smoking.
Mary:
Did he also stop drinking beer?
Peter:
Yes, he did.
Barbara:
Tom, where did you live when you were a little boy?
Tom:
When I was a little boy I lived in a little house with my parents.
Barbara:
Did your parents have a garden, too?
Tom:
Yes, they did. The garden was very nice. We liked to eat in the garden.
Barbara:
And what about animals?
Tom:
My parents kept geese and sheep in the garden, so many children visited me then.
John:
Mary, come downstairs!
Mary:
I'm coming!
John:
Can you see that car in front of the shop on the corner?
Mary:
Yes, I can. It was opposite our house yesterday. Whose car is it?
John:
It's my friend's car. Yesterday I wanted to buy it.
Mary:
Did you buy it?
John:
No, I didn't.
Mary:
Why'!
John:
Because it was too expensive.
Barbara:
Is Tom at home'!
Peter:
No, hu isn't. Tom is still working.
Barbara:
I
Peler:
Usually he gets up at nine in the morning, but today he had breakfast at seven.
Barham:
Did he have time to go for a walk with your dog?
Pekr:
No, he dido't. After breakfast he went to work.
SIIW
him at nine in the morning.
Mary:
What did you have for dinner yesterday?
TOIll:
r had some potatoes and some tomatoes.
John:
1 have a letter for you. Here you are.
Barhul'll:
Thank you.
In ultilllul excreiliu vom reeapitula intregul material allecjiilor noua tara grc~cul1\ acesl cxercijiu, puteji trece la tema pentru acasii:
~i
zece. Dupa ce aji rezolvat
SO\lIi mell a cinat ieri in camera de zi.
> My husband ate dinner in the living-room yesterday.
Ai vilZut aeeslc plante in griidina?
> Did you see these plants in the garden?
Nu ei au facul llccastii biblioteca.
> They didn't make this bookcase.
Trebuie sit v()rbe~lj cu sora lui John.
> You must talk to John's sister.
Ciim vreme ai ritmas acolo atunei?
> How long did you stay there then?
leri nu au fast la luem.
> They weren't at work yesterday.
Cine a avut patm neveste?
> Who had four wives?
Dupa eina mergem la cinema.
> After dinner we are going to the cinema.
El nu s-a sculat inainte de rnicul dejun.
> He didn't get up before breakfast.
Biblioteca noastra are douasprezece rafturi.
> Our bookcase has twelve shelves.
I-am intrebat pe politi~ti despre strada aceasta.
> I asked the policemen about this street.
De unde ai cumpiirat acest televizor?
> Where did you buy this television set?
33
Atunei am avut multe pasari in gradina.
->VIe had many birds in the garden then.
Luna a stralueit ieri?
;Did the moon shine yesterday?
Am ineereat sa fae asta anul trecut.
:;l
Acest ziar este foarte bun.
>This newspaper is very good.
Cine rni-a baut eeaiul?
->VVho drank my tea?
Ciind au venit ei?
->VVhen did they come?
Ai auzit ieri despre asta?
;Did you hear about it yesterday?
Casa aceasta a fost plina de oameni.
>This house was full of people.
tried to do this last year.
\
"2,1
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 10 , 10.1. Interogativul
~i
negatia la timpul treeut simplu (Simple Past):
10.1.1. La timpul treeut simplu formulam interogativul folosind verbul auxiliar did, (eare este forma de treeut a verbului to do).
Structura propozitiei: Verb allxllillr
+
Did
Pronume personal sau substantiv
+ verb la timpllI prezent
you/the boy
read
+ _. this book yesterday?
Mary saw John yesterday.
- Mary I-a vamt ieri pe John.
Did Mary see John yesterday?
- L-a viizut Mary pe John ieri?
10.1.2. Rl)spunsurile afirmative Ie formuHim eu ajutorul eonstructiei yes + pronume personal + verb auxiliar. Raspunsurile negative au structura no + pronume personal I vcrb auxiliar+ not. Forma did not 0 putemprescurta didn't The nurse gave me a newspaper yesterday.
' illl-a \. da" . - Ifi n lrmlera t len un Zlar.
I)id the nurse give me a newspaper yesterday?
- Mi-a dat ieri infirmiera un ziar?
Yes, she did.
-Da.
No, she didn't.
-Nu.
10.1.3. Lll l
I0.1.4.
John went home yesterday.
- John s-a dus ieri acasa.
Where did John go yesterday?
- Unde s-a dus ieri John?
interogativului format cu ajutorul pronumelui interogativ who este identica eu cea a propozitiilor afrrmative, de accea verbul se afla la forma a II-a, dcci III timpul treeut simplu:
~lrlletura
Peter spoke to me last Sunday.
-- Peter a vorbit cu mine duminica trecutii.
Who spoke to me last Sunday?
- Cine a vorbil cu mine duminica trecutii?
10.2. Expresii utile: all sorts of
- de toate felurile/soiurile, de tot felul
all kinds of
- de toate tipurile, de toate felurile
How arc you?
- Ce mai faci?
Here you arc.
- Poftiti! Poftim! (cand dam ceva)
35
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 10 A
B.
C.
Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii: 1.
I wasn't at school two weeks ago.
2.
Why did you go to John yesterday?
3.
What did these policemen want?
4.
How is your mother today?
5.
Who worked in the garden last Monday?
6.
There are all sorts of cars in that shop.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
afost el noaptea trecuta?
1.
Unde
2.
Cine v-a pus durnneavoastra aceasta intrebare?
3.
Ei au fost ieri la eel mai bun restaurant din ora~.
4.
Ea nu a vrut sa ne pIateasca.
5.
Cand te-ai sculat?
6.
leri am pIatit aceste ro~ii.
Corectati
grc~clile
din propozitiile de mai jos:
1.
Who did open that door?
2.
They didn't be at home yesterday.
3.
I sawall kind of small animals.
4.
We want to be firemans.
5.
I want to keep two oxen and ten sheeps in the garden.
6.
She has no knifes in the kitchen.
LISTA VERBELOR NEREGULATE Forma a II-a Simple Past
Forma I Infmitiv
Forma a III-a Past Participle
bring
- a aducc, a duce
brought
>[brcd]
brought
>[bro:t]
come
-- a sosi, a veni
came
>[kcim]
come
>[kam]
cut
-a tilia, a tundc
cut
>rkat]
cut
>[kat]
did
>[did]
done
>[dan]
drank
>
drunk
> [dran(glk]
drove
>[drouv]
driven
>[drivn]
do
a lilee, a sc ocupa cu
drink
l\
drive
a conduce, a mana
hea
~rEn(glk]
eat
- a manca
ate
>[ eit]
eaten
>[i:tn]
fly
a zbura
flew
>[flu:]
flown
>[floun]
forget
a nita
forgot
>[forgot]
forgotten
>[forgotn]
get
a obtine, a face rost
got
>[got]
got
>[got]
give
II
gave
>[geiv]
given
>[givn]
go
a merge, a umbla
went
>[Uent]
gone
>[gan]
had
>[hEd]
had
>[hEd]
heard
>[ha:'d]
heard
>[ha:rd]
kept
>[kept]
kept
>[kept]
a cuno~te
knew
>[niu:]
known
>[noun]
face, a confectiona
made
>[meid]
made
>[meid]
da, a darui
/
have
- a avea
hear
a auzi
keep
II
know
II ~ti,
make
II
pay
a plati
paid
>[peid]
paid
>[peid]
put
a pune, a a~eza
put
>[put]
put
>[put]
citi
read
>[red]
read
>[red]
see
a vcdea
saw
>[so:]
seen
>[si:n]
send
a trimite
sent
>[ sent]
sent
>[sent]
read
,- II
tine, a pastra
shine
'" a straluci, a lumina
shone
>[shaun]
shone
>[shaun]
sing
-- a canta
sang
>[sEn(gl]
sung
>[san(gl]
sit
- a
sat
>[sEt]
sat
>[sEt]
speak
- a vorbi
spoke
>[spauk]
spoken
>[spiiukn]
take
- a prinde, a lua
took
>[tuk]
taken
>[teikn]
teach
-apreda
taught
>[to:t]
taught
>[to:t]
think
- a gandi
thought
>[T'o:t]
thought
>[T'o:t]
understand
- a intelege, apricepe
understood >[ anda'stud]
write
-a scrie
wrote
~edea,
a sta ~ezat
>[raut]
37
understood >[ancta'stud]
written
>[ritn]
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 9 SIlO , , after
> [a:fm']
- dupa, dupa aceea
again
> [agein], [agen]
- din nou,
ago
> [agau]
- in unna (cu), acum...
autumn
> [o:tam]
- toarnna
in autumn
> [in o:tam]
- toarnna
baker
> [belkar]
- bmtar
before
> [bifo:,]
- inainte de, mai inainte
bird
> [ba:rd]
- pasare
bookcase
> [bukkeis]
- raft, biblioteca
breakfast
> [brekfast]
- micdejun
busy
> [bizi]
- ocupat
cellar
> [sela']
- pivnita, beci
child/children
> [t~aild]/[ t~ildran]
- copil/copii
cinema
> [sinama]
- cinema(tograf)
comer
> [ko:rnar]
- colt
deer
> [dia']
- caprioara, caprioare
dining-room dinner
> [dainin(g) ru:m]
- sufragerie
dinner
> [dinar]
- masa (principala), pranz, cina, dineu
downstairs
> [daunstcarz]
- la parter, jos
to go downstairs
> [lu gou daunsteiFz]
- a cobori (la parter), a merge (in) jos
every
> [cvri]
- fiecare
fireman/firemen
> [ rlliii'"mcn]1{ faiarman]
- pompier/pompieri
football
> [futbo:l]
- fotbal
front
> [frant]
- partea din fata/de
in front of
> [in frant ov]
- in fata, dinaintea
full
> [full
- plin, ineareat
to get up
> [tu get ap]
- a se scula din pat, a se ridica in picioare
goose/geese
> [gu:s]l{gi:s]
- gascalga~te
halflhalves
> [ha:f]l{ha:vz]
- jumatate/jumatati
to have breakfast
> [tu hEv brekfust]
- a lua mieul dejun
here you are
> [hiar iu: a:'1
- Poftiti! Poftim! (cand dam ceva)
How are you?
> [hau a: r iu:]
- Ce mai faci? Cum te mai simti?
iara~i,
inca 0 data
,~
/
hospital
>[hospitl]
- spital, clinica
husband
>[hazband]
- sot
kind
>[kaind]
- fel, tip
all kinds of
>[ 0: 1 kaindz ov]
- de toate tipurile, de toate felurile
knife/knives
>[' nail]/[naivz]
- cutit/cutite
lamp
>111',111]1]
-lampa
last
>Ila:sll
- ultim, (cel) din urma, trecut
leaf/leaves
>['li:l"\~
life/lives
.>lllliIH laivz]
- viatalvieti
living-room
:>llIvin(!-'l nun]
- camera de zi
loaf/loaves
>[ IOlll"\~ Inllv/I
- franzela, paine (de fonna)/franzele
magazine
;~[
to make
:-1 t 1I moil. I
malch
:'IIIIHl~1
the
>11 Yo 1lI11:nl
IUllll
mouse/mice
>[ J1H1US]!I l1Iuis]
~oarCCC/~Ollrccj
newspaper
>[niu:speipar ]
- ziar, gazetll
nurse
>[na:rs]
- infmniera, sora
opposite
>[ opazit]
- vizavi de, de partea cealalta
the other
>[DZiaDza']
- celalalt, cealalta (ceilalp., celelalte)
ox/oxen
>[ oks]ll oksn)
- bou/boi
parents
>[peariints)
- parinti
to park
>[tu pa:'k)
- a parca, a stationa
plant
>[pla:nt), [plEnt)
- planta
policeman/policemen
>[pali:smEn]i[pali:sman]
-
policewoman/policewomen
>[pali:sUrnan) [pali:s"imin]
- femei politistlfemeie politist
postman/postmen
>[paustmEn)tIpaustman)
potato/potatoes
>[pateitou)tIpateitouz)
-j
to put on
>(tu put on]
- a se imbraca, a ~eza
quarter
>[kuor:tit]
- sfert, sfert de ceas/ora
ready
>[redi]
- gata, pregatit
seat
>[ si:t]
- loc de stat, scaun
shed
>[~ed]
-
moOIl
- fiunzalfrunze
li:vz]
1\, I':gozl:ii 1
0
anurnita
-- revista, magazin a thee, a confectiona
39
politistlpoliti~ti
carto:ti'cartofi
~opron, ~ura
sheep
>
[~i:p ]
- oaie, oi
shel£'shelves
>
[~elfJl[ ~elvz]
- raft/rafturi
shirt
>
[~a:'t]
-
cama~a
sock
> [sok]
-
~oseta
sort
>
all sorts of
> [0: 1 so:'ts ov]
- de toate feIuriIe, de tot feIul
spring
> [sprin(g)]
- primavara, primavaratic
in spring
> [in sprin(g)]
- primavara
to stay
> [tu stei]
- a ramane, a sta
still
> [stil]
- inca, mai
television set
> [telivijn set]
- televizor
thing
> [T'in Cg)]
- lucru, obiect
tie
> [tai]
till
> [til]
- pana la, pana ce
tomato/tomatoes
> [tama:tou]/[ tama:touz]
-
[~o:'t]
- fel, tip
/~
.- cravata
ro~ie/ro~ii,
tomate
.> [tu:]
- de asemenea,
tool
> [tu:l]
- uneaIta, scula
tooth/tecth
> [tu:T']{ti:T']
- dinte/dinti
TV set
> [ti:vi: sct]
- televizor
typist
> [taipist]
- dactilografii
very
> [veri]
- foarte
to watch
> [Ill
wife/wives
> ["ail]lt"aivz]
- sotie, nevast1ilsotii, neveste
yesterday
> [iesl
- ieri
too
"ot~]
~i
- a se uita, a veghea, a pandi
40
RECAPITULARE I.
Simple Present Tense (prezentul simplu) se folose~te pentru a exprima aqiuni obi~nuite, repetabile. Unele verbe se folosesc doar la prezentul simplu, acestea neavand forma continua. lata cateva exemple: He often goes to the cmema. Do you sometimes visit your mother? They don't like to listen to the radio.
2.
Folosim Present Continuous Tense (prezentul continuu) pentru descrierea acelor actiuni care se desTa~oara chiar in momentul vorbirii, respectiv pentru descrierea aqiunilor diferite de cele obi~nuite. Complementele de timp utilizate cu acest timp verbal sunt: now, this (week, month, year), today. Acela~i tllnp se folose~te pentru descrierea actiunilor care se vor desTa~ura in viitorul apropiat. De exemplu: Mary and John are having breakfast now. Is he eating at a restaurant this week? We are not gomg to England next week.
3.
Folosim Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu) pentru exprimarea unei aetiuni care s-a la un moment definit in trecut. De exemplu:
desfa~urat
We watched a good film yesterday. Where did you go last year? She didn't show me her house when I visited her last week.
4.
Conjugarea verbulul to have: have
we
have
you
have
you
have
he
has
they have
she
has
it
has
" " LECTIA 11- PARTEA INTAI , Sa invatam cateva cuvinte referitoare la vreme:
cold
> [kauld]
- rece, racoros
the sky
> [DZa skai]
- cerul
cloud
> [klaud]
- nor
fog
> [fog]
- ceata
wind
> [Uind]
- vant
strong
> [stron(g)]
- tare, putemic
heat
> [hi:t]
- caldura (putemica), canicula
temperature
> [ temprit~ar]
- temperatura, febra
weather-forecast
> [lI eD Za r fo:rka:st]
- prognoza vremn, buletin meteorologic
shawl
>
coat
> [kaut]
- haina, sacou
boot
> [bu:t]
- gheata, cizma
[~o:]]
- qarra
Repetati cuvintele, dar intr-o alta ordine; fiti atenti la pronuntie: heat
> [hi:t]
- caldura (putemica), canicula
coat
> [but]
- haina, sacou
the sky
> [DZa skai]
- cerul
fog
> [fog]
- ceata
cold
> [kauld]
- rece, racoros
shawl
> [WI]
-
cloud
> [klaud]
- nor
weather-forecast
> [UeD/a r fo:rka:st]
- prognoza vremii, buletin meteorologic
temperature
> [ temprit~ar]
- temperatura, febra
boot
> [bu:t]
- gheata, cizma
wind
> [Uind]
- vant
strong
> [stron(g)]
- tare, putemic
2
e~arra
At
Cititi cu voce tare urmatoarele propozitii in care au fost introduse cuvintele noi: It's very cold today.
> [Its veri kiiuld tadei]
- Azi este foarte rece.
Put on your coat.
> [put on io:' kautJ
- Pune-ti haina.
The wind was strong yesterday.
> [D/a "ind "oz stron ig ) iestardeiJ
- leri vantul a fost puternic.
She doesn't like heat.
>
We want to listen to the weather-forecast.
> ["I: "ont tu liSll tu DZa "eD/ar fo:'ka:stJ
- Vrem sa ascultam buletinul meteorologic.
There are many clouds in the sky.
> [D/ea' a: r mcni klaudz III D7a skalJ
- Sunt multi nori pe cer.
This is my best shawl.
> [DZis iz mai best :;;o:IJ
- Aceasta este mai buna.
Do you like high temperatures?
> l du iu: laik hal tcmpri t~a' z]
- Iti plac temperaturile ridicate?
There is usually fog in winter.
> [D/ea' lZ 1U:J uali fog in "in tar)
- De obicei iarna este ceata.
Where are my boots?
> ["ear a:rmai bu:tsJ
- Unde imi sunt cizmele?
[~i:
daznt laik hi:tJ
- Ei nu-i place caldura.
e~arfa
mea cea
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu noile cuvinte invatate: Nu
0
- I don't see her in the> fog.
vad in ceata.
Ce temperatura este in mai?
- What > temperature is it in May?
Azi cerul este albastru.
- The> sky is blue today.
Este haina lui?
- Is it his >coat?
Lor Ie place caldura.
- They like> heat.
Luna este acoperita de nori.
- The moon is behind the >clouds.
Poti citi prognoza vremii in ziar.
- You can read the >weather-forecast in the newspaper.
Sunt scumpe aceste cizme?
- Are these >boots expensive?
El a vrut sa-mi cumpere
0 e~arIa
ieri.
- He wanted to buy me a >shawl yesterday.
Nu-mi place vantul puternic.
- I don't like >strong wind.
Nu-i da (lui) ceai rece!
- Don't give him >coJd tea!
3
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Tata mi-a cumparat ieri foarte frumoasa.
> My father bought me a vcry nIce shawl yesterday
0 e~arra
Soarele este sus pe cer?
> Is the sun hIgh in the sky?
Luna trecuta a fost canicula.
> Last month we had heat.
Copiii
no~tri
> Our children have a hIgh temperature.
au febra mare.
Trebuie sa cumpar cizme.
> I must buy boots.
Ieri a fost rece?
> Was It cold yesterday?
La ce ora este buletinul meteorologic la radio?
> What time IS the weather-forecast
Vantul este prea puternic azi.
> The wind IS too strong today.
Pot sa imbrac aceasta haina?
> Can I put on this coat?
Nu pot vedea soarele printre nori.
> I can't see the sun through the clouds.
Azi este ceata la Londra.
> There IS fog in London today.
on the radIO'!
Retinetl expresia: - pe cer
in the sky
Articolul nehotardt a/an este folosit intotdeauna inain tea substantivelor care denumesc ocupafii, religii sau nafionalitii!i. De exemplu: She is a typist.
- Ea este dactilograra.
My sister is a nurse.
- Sora mea este infirmiera.
He is a baker.
- El este brutar.
I am a Catholic.
- Eu sunt catolica.
Her husband is an American.
- Sotul ei este american.
Cdnd vorbim despre 0 funcfie care poate fi indeplinitii doar de neglija folosirea articolului hotiirdt the.
0
singurii persoana, atund putem
Who is president of Romania?
- Cine este pre~edintele Romaniei?
Who is the president of Romania?
- Cine este
pre~edintele
Romaniei?
in Propozifiile anterioare apar ~i cdteva cuvinte noi: Catholic
> [kETSlik]
- catolic (de religie)
president
> [prezidant]
-
pre~edinte
Numele proprzi ;;i adjectivele provenite din acestea se scriu intotdeauna cu litera mare In limba englezii. 4
in aceasta lecrie vomface cuno\~tinra cu un timp nou: Present Perfect Tense [prezant pii:rfikt tens], adica prezentul perfect. Acest timp se confunda deseori cu Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu), de aceea va sugeram sa acordari 0 atenrie deosebita folosirii sale. Inainte de a continua, repetati verbele neregulate prezentate la sfar~itullectiei 10. Folosim Present Perfect in ca::ul unor evenimente care s-au terminat chiar acum sau ceva mai devreme, sau care au inceput in trecut (de exemplu: last week) $i se continua \~i in prezent (cu repercusiuni asupra prezentului). De multe ori, momentul desfii$uriirii acriunii nu este specificat cu exactitate.
Construcria propoziriei la timpul Present Pefect este urmiitoarea: Pronume personal sau substantiv She
We
+ verbul
+ forma a III-a
+
...
auxiliar have/has
a verbului principal
has
bought
a dog.
- Ea
have
seen
that house.
- Am vazut casa aceea.
have
been
at home.
- Noi am fost acasa.
~i-a
cumparat un caine.
in propozirie. verbul auxiliar este reprezentat de forma corespunziitoare a verbului to have, care nu poate fi tradusa ad literam. in cazul unui verb regulat. la fel ca $i in cazul timpului Simple Past, verbului se adaugii sufixul -d sau -ed.
Cititi propozitiile unnatoare: I have had a temperature.
> [ai hEv hEd a tcmprit~arJ
She has taught me English.
- Am avut febra. - Ea mi-a predat engleza.
My parents have smoked a lot of cigarettes.
> [mal ]1carants hEv smaukt a lot av sigaretsJ
- Parintii mei au fumat o multime de tigari.
I have known about his mother.
> [al hEv noun abaut hlz malY ~11 J
- $tiam de mama lui.
She has looked for her coat.
>[~i:
They have waited for me at home.
> [[Yel hEv "c/tld 1'0.' mi: Et haumJ
hEz lukt 1'0:' ha: r kautJ
5
- Ea
~i-a
cautat haina.
- Ei m-au
a~teptat
acasa.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in Iimba engleza: Te-am
a~teptat
timp indelungat.
- I> have v.aitedfor you a long time. - We> have heard about it.
Am auzit des pre asta. Ne-au dat
0 ma~ina
Tata mi-a scris
0
- They> have gIven us a very nice car.
foarte frumoasa.
scrisoare.
- Father> has \\ rittena letter to me.
Ei mi-au cerut bani.
- They> have askedme for money.
Traduceti in Iimba engleza unnatoarele propozitii, folosind prezentul perfect: I-am scris 0 scrisoare (lui).
> I have wntten a letter to hun.
Am vorbit cu ei.
> We have talked to them.
Am auzlt la radiO buletmul meteorologic.
> We hay c heard the \\ eather-forecast on the radiO.
A fost foarte frig.
> II has heen \ el) cold.
M-am giindit la asta.
> J hay e thought
I-am cerut (ei)
e~arfa
> I ha\'c asked hel for my sha\\ I.
mea.
> \""c hay c brought thesc ncwspapers.
Noi am adus aceste ziare. Noi am lucrat cu
ace~ti
> Wc have worked w1th these people.
oameni.
Ai baut prea multa bere.
> YOli h'1\ e (II link to mllch bee!.
Ea a venit la noi cu 10hn.
> She has come to us with 10hn,
Am uitat sa-ti aduc asta.
> I have forgotten to bring you this.
A!dturi de cOlllp!emente!e de timp this ... (week, month, ... ), today, tonight, fo!osim timpu! Present Perfect. 1~1 aceste ca::uri vorbim despre evenimente care s-au petrecut in trecut, dar care au !egiiturd cu pre::entu!. Aceste comp!emente de timp se giisesc !a inceputu! sau !a .~far~itul propozi{iei De exemp!u: I have been at home today.
> [al hEy bi:n Et haum tadei]
- Azi am fost acasa.
We have been at the cinema
> [UI: hEv bl.n Et lYa sinama
-In seara aceasta (noi) am fost la cinematograf.
tanalt]
tonight. Today I have worked in the garden. She has done her homework this week.
>
al hEv U a Ikt in D/a ga:1dn]
[ta(!<~1
> [SI: hEz dan ha: 1 haumllo:1k D/IS lll:k]
6
- Azi (eu) am lucrat in gradina,
- Ea ~i-a Iacut temele saptamiina aceasta.
Completati propozitiile in hmba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului (Ia Present Perfect): Azi am cumparat flori.
- I >havc bought flowers today.
Saptamana asta ne-am vizitat parintil.
- This week we >havc visited our parents.
Anul acesta am platit casa.
~
Am trimis aceasta scrisoare saptamana aceasta.
- I >havc sent this letter this week.
Luna aceasta am vazut cateva filme la televizor.
- This month we >havc watched some films on TV.
Azi am vorbit cu sora mea.
- I >have talked to my sister today.
We >havc p,lId for the house this year.
Traduceti in limba engleza unnatoarele propozitii: Parintil
no~tri
au plecat azi in Anglia.
> Our pal ents have gone to England today. > This \vcek I have bought a coat and a shawl.
Saptamana aceasta am cumparat un sacou ~i 0 e~arfa.
In seara acesta Maria a vizitat-o pe sora sotului el.
> Mary has \ ISlted her husband' S sister tOl1lght.
Azi am vorbit cu tata.
> We ha\ e talked to our father today.
Saptamana aceasta am avut febra.
> I ha\ e had a temperature this \\ eek.
Vara a fost foarte racoroasa in acest an.
> The summer has been very cold thIS year.
In aceasta seara i-am scris prietenului meu.
> Tonight I havc \\ ntten a letter to my friend.
0
scrisoare
Anul acesta (noi) am fost la Londra.
> ThiS yeal wc have been
Sora mea a predat engleza anul acesta.
> My sister has taught English tIllS year.
In aceasta saptamana am lucrat dupa amiaza.
> ThiS \\ eek we ha\ e worked
Il1
London.
Il1
the afternoon.
lata alte cuvinte noi legate de starea vremii: outside
> [auts31l1]
- afara
foggy
> [fogi]
- cetos
to blow
> [tu bbu]
- a sufla, a bate (despre vant)
sunny
> [sanl]
- insorit
low
> [lau]
- JOS
awful
> [o:ll]
~
windy
> [Uindl]
- vantos, cu mult vant
cloudy
> [k13u(li]
- noros (innorat) 7
crancen, teribil, ingrozitor
Repetati cuvintele intr-o alta ordine: awful
> [o:tl]
- erfmeen, teribil, ingrozitor
windy
> ["indi]
- vantos, eu mult vant
low
> [lau]
- JOS
sunny
> [sam]
- insorit
outside
> [autsaid]
- afara
cloudy
> [klaudi]
- noras, innorat
foggy
> [fogl]
- eetos
~ Verbul to blow este un verb neregulat. Cele trei forme ale sale sunt urmatoarele: blow
> [blau]
blown
> [bIu:]
blew
Am introdus euvintele noi in urmatorul dialog. Cititi propozitiile pronuntiei:
~i
aeordati
> [bHiun]
0
deosebita atentie
What weather was it yesterday?
> ["ot "cDZa! "oz it
It was awful. We had a lot of rain.
> [It
Did the sun shine?
> [did DZa san
No, it didn't. The sky was very cloudy.
> [nau It didnt DZa skai
Was the temperature low?
> ["oz DZa
Yes, it was very low. And it was windy.
> [ies it U oz veri lau
Was it foggy?
> [U oz it fogi]
Yes, in the morning.
> lies
Did you go outside yesterday?
> [did iu: gau autsald iestafdelj
- Ai fost ieri afara?
No, I stayed at home all day.
> [nau ai steid Et haum 0:1
- Nu, am stat toata ziua acasa.
- Cum a fost vremea ieri?
Icstafdet]
3\
o:tl "i: hEd a lot rem]
"OZ
"OZ
~am]
- A fost ingrozitoare. A plouat' foarte multo - Soarele a stralueit? - Nu. Cerul a fost foarte innorat.
ven klaudi] tempnt~af
lau]
End it U oz "indi]
III
- Temperatura a fost seazuta? - Da, a fost foarte seazuta. ~i a fost vant. - A fost eeata?
DZa mo:'nin lgl ]
del]
8
- Da, dimineata.
Verifieati daea ati retinut euvintele noi. Tradueeti in limba engleza: ~;I
afara
.;, '
> outside
~. t4'~
~f)L-~ I"""'Il
T
jos, seazut
> low
1- -1
0- 0
1- 1
2 -l
'-==
innorat
vantos, (eu) vant
insorit, (eu) soare
lQJ
> cloudy
~ ~
> windy
> sunny
> foggy
eetos, (eu) eeata
Tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza folosind euvintele noi: Cum este vremea azi?
> How is the weather today?
Azi vremea este frumoasa.
> It IS nice today.
Dimineata a fost vant ~i innorat, dar aeum este insorit.
> In the morning It was windy and cloudy but now it IS sunny.
Nu sufla vantul.
> The wind Isn't bloWIng.
Temperatura este joasa dar nu este eeata.
> The temperature IS low, but it isn't foggy.
Cred ea putem sa einam afara.
> I thmk we can have dmner outside.
Observa!i folosirea cuvantului it cu referire la starea vremii:
It was windy yesterday.
- Ieri a fost vant.
Now it is sunny.
- Aeum este insorit.
Was it foggy yesterday?
- A fost eeata ieri?
It is nice today.
- Azi vremea este frumoasa. 9
Urmeazii diteva exemple in care nu se folose~te articolul hotiiriit the: ma~ina.
We went by car yesterday.
- Ieri am mers cu
They are still at work.
- Ei lucreaza inca.
We are driving east now.
- Acum conducem spre est.
We have been in town today.
- Azi am fost in
They live in Station Street.
- Ei locuiesc in strada Garii.
ora~.
In urmatorul exercitiu yom face 0 comparatie intre utilizarea timpurilor Simple Past ~i Present Perfect. Completati propozitiile in Iimba engleza cu fonnele verbale corespunzatoare: - Yesterday I >walked to work.
Jeri am mers pe jos la serviciu. Noi
~tiam
despre asta in urma cu
0
saptamana.
- We > knew about it a week ago.
Maria a trimis toate scrisorile azi.
- Mary> has sent all the letters today.
Am vazut
- We >have seen a lot of plants.
0
multime de plante.
Ieri i-am cumparat (lui) un sacou
~i 0 e~arIa.
- Yesterday I > bought him a coat and a shawl.
Ei au intrat in aceasta cladire. Azi a fost
0
- They> have en!l:red this building.
zi cetoasa.
- Today it > has been a foggy day.
Saptamana trecuta a suflat un vant putemic.
- Last week a strong wind >blew.
Ei au vrut sa faca asta ieri.
- They >wanted to do it yesterday.
Am cunoscut-o cu mult timp in urma.
- J >knew her a long time ago.
Anul trecut Ie-am dat cartile noastre.
- Last year we >gave them our books.
Soarele a stralucit azi.
- The sun> has shone today.
Speram ca exemplele ~i exercitiile v-au ajutat sa intelegeti deosebirile care exista intre cele doua timpuri. Daca totu~i mai aveti unele neclaritati, repetati inca 0 data materia leqiei.
10
LECTIA 11 - PARTEA A nOVA , Sa continuam lectia cu diteva cuvinte noi: stamp
> [stEmp]
- timbru
ticket
> [tikit]
- bilet
novel
> [novl]
- roman
telephone
> [telifaun]
- telefon
tram
> [trEm]
- tramvai
tram stop
> [trEm stop]
- statie de tramvai
bus stop
> [bas stop]
- statie de autobuz
tlower
> [tlaua']
- tloare
bank
> [bEn(g)k]
- banca
calendar
> [kElindaf ]
- calendar, almanah
secretary
> [sekratri]
- secretar(a)
purse
> [pii:'s]
- portofel, geanta,
po~eta
Repetati cuvintele intr-o alta ordine: tram
> [trEm]
- tramvai
bank
> [bEn(g)k]
- banca
ticket
> [tikit]
- bilet
purse
> [pa:'s]
- portofel, geanta,
stamp
> [stEmp]
- timbru
novel
> [novl]
- roman
tlower
> [ /laua']
- tloare
bus stop
> [bas stop]
- statie de autobuz
calendar
> [kElindaf ]
- calendar, almanah
tram stop
> [trEm stop]
- statie de tramvai
,.ecretary
> [ sekratri]
- secretar(a)
telephone
> [telifaun]
- telefon
11
po~eta
Cltl~1
cu voce tare urmatoarele propozitii in care apar cuvintele noi: [~i:
hEz bo:t scvn stEmps]
~apte
She has bought seven stamps.
>
We have tickets for the bus.
> lUi: hEy tikits fo f DZa bas]
- Avem bilete de autobuz.
They didn't have a telephone last year.
> [D/el didnt hEy a tclifoun la:st lIa T]
- Anul trecut ei nu avem telefon.
She is Peter's secretary.
>
We must go there by tram.
> lUi: mast gilU D/eal bai trEm]
- Trebuie sa mergem acolo cu tramvaiul.
The bus stop is at the corner.
> [DZa bas stop iz Et D 7 a ko:'na']
- Statia de autobuz este pe colt.
She gave me flowers yesterday.
>
Where is the tram stop?
> ["eaT
There is a calendar in the kitchen.
> (O/eaTiz a kEl inda f in DZa kit~an]
- In bucatane este un calendar.
The bank is opposite Peter's house.
> [O/a bEn(glk iz opaZlt pi:taTz halls]
- Banca este vizavi de casa lui Petre.
I have seen your purse on the table.
> [ai hEy sl.n 10:' pa:'s on D'a tcibl]
- Am vazut portofelul tau pe masa.
He read this novel last week.
> [hi: red OIlS nov 1 la:st ui:k]
- El a citit acest roman saptamana trecuta.
[~I:
[~i:
iz pi:ta'z sckratri]
ge/v 1m: HauaTz
- Ea a cumparat
timbre.
- Ea este secretara lui Peter.
- Ea mi-a dat flori ieri.
IcstaTde/] IZ
fYa trEm stop]
- Unde este statia de tramvai?
Completati propozltiile cu cuvintele nOll invatate: Fiica ei este secretara.
- Her daughter is a >secretary.
Putem merge cu tramvaiul?
- Can we go by >tram?
Ieri te-am
a~teptat
- Yesterday we waited for you at the >bus stop.
in statia de autobuz.
Iti plac romanele lungi?
- Do you like long >novels?
Vita-te in calendar.
- Look at the >calendar.
Sunt putini bani in portofelul meu.
- There is little money in my >purse.
In piata este
- There is a >tram stop in the square.
0
statie de tramvai.
Nu este telefon aici.
- There is no >telephone here.
Ea a adus bJletele cu ea.
- She has brought the >tickets with her.
Du-te la oficiul
po~tal ~i
cumpara timbre.
- Go to the post-office and buy >stamps.
Putem merge impreuna la banca?
- Can we go to the >bank together?
Pune florile pe biroul ei.
- Put the >flowers on her desk. 12
Traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele urmatoare:
~
telefon
> telephone
statie de tramvai
> tram stop
statie de autobuz
> bus stop
roman
> novel
portofel
> purse
banca
> bank
tramvai
> tram
bilet
> ticket
timbru
> stamp
floare
> flower
calendar
> calendar
secretar(a)
> secretary
Sa ne intoarcem din nou la utilizarea timpului Present Perfect Tense. Folosim acest timp pentru descrierea evenimentelor petrecute in trecut ~i care includ mai mult sau mai putin momentul actual, alaturi de always, ever, never ,~i just, precum ~i alaturi de urmatoarele complemente de timp: recently
> [ri:sntli]
- recent, de curand
lately
> [ leltli]
- recent, de curand, in ultima vreme
already
> [o:lredi]
- deja
yet
> [ iet]
- inca, deja
so far
f > [sau fa: ]
- pana acum, deocamdata
~
Complementul de timp "yet" se afla intotdeauna la sfar~itul propozitiei, "so far" la inceputul sau la sflir~itul propozitiei, iar celelalte complemente de timp se gasesc inaintea formei a Ill-a a verbului sau la sflir~itul propozitiei.
Cititi cu voce tare complementele de timp care se folosesc alaturi de Present Perfect: ever
> [eva']
- vreodata, candva
already
> [0: lredi]
- deja
always
> [o:l"eiz]
- intotdeauna
lately
> [leith]
- recent, de curand, in ultima vreme
so far
> [sau fa:']
- pana acum, deocamdata
never
f > [neva ]
- niciodata
just
> [ dJast]
- tocmai
yet
> [ let]
- inca, deja
recently
> [ ri:snth]
- recent, de curand 13
In exemplele urmatoare observati cum este folosit tlmpul Present Perfect ~i complementele de timp invatate anterior: I have never seen that girl.
>[al hEy neva' sl.n D7Et
ga:'l]
- Niciodata nu am vazut-o pe fata aceea.
They have always liked this house.
>lDzel hEv o:lu e1z la/kt DZls haus]
- Le-a placut intotdeauna aceasta casa.
We have just had dinner.
>[U I: hEv djast hEd dina']
- Noi tocmai am cinat.
I have heard about him lately.
> [al hEv ha:'d abaut hun I citlI]
- Am auzit despre el in ultima vreme.
They have already made ten bookcases.
>[DZei hEv o:lredl meld ten bukke/Slz]
- Ei au confectionat deja zece biblioteci.
We have worked a lot recently.
>[L1}; hEv ua:'kt a lot ri: sntli]
- In ultimul timp, noi am muncit foarte mult.
Iar acum, completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza. Retineti locul complementelor de timp in propozitie: Noi am avut deja doi caini.
- We > have already had two dogs.
Ei tocmai au adus aceste scaune.
- They> have just brought these chairs.
Pana acum am lucrat dimineata.
- So far we > have worked in the morning.
Seara ei s-au plimbat intotdeauna prin parco
- They >have always walked in the park in the evening.
In ultima vreme am vazut cateva ora~e frumoase.
- We > have seen some nice towns lately.
Traduceti in limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos: Noi am vrut intotdeauna sa mergem in Anglia.
> We have always wanted to go to England.
Ea nu ~i-a iubit niciodata sotul.
> She has never loved her husband.
Mama lui John a vorbit recent cu sotia lui.
> John's mother has recently spoken to hIs wIfe.
Am scris deja cinci scrisori.
> I have already written five letters.
Ea tocmai s-a dus la plimbare.
> She has just gone for a walk.
Pana acum m-am dus la serviciu cu
ma~ina.
> So far 1 have gone to work by car.
Maria ~i sotul ei au deschis de curand un magazin.
> Mary and her husband have opened a shop lately.
Folosirea complementelor de tlmp yet ~i ever la timpul Present Perfect ciind yom invata formarea interogativului ~i a negativului. 14
0
vom prezenta in lectia 12,
lata un nou grup de cuvinte. Fiti atenti la intelesul
~i
la pronuntia lor:
next to
> [nekst tll]
- aproape de, langa
early
> [ a:'1I]
- devreme
late
> [!elt]
- tarziu
to get on
> [tu get on]
- a (se) urea
to get off
> [tll get oil
- a cobori
to say
> [tll sei]
- a spune
Acelea~i
cuvinte, dar intr-o alta ordine:
late
> [Ieit]
- tarziu
to say
> [tll sell
- a spune
to get off
> [tu get oil
- a cobori
early
>
[a:'lJ]
- devreme
to get on
>
[tLl get on]
- a (se) urea
next to
>
[nekst tLl]
- aproape de, langa
Formele verbelor to get on ~i to get off sunt identice cu acele forme ale verbului to get pe care Ie-am prezentat in lectia anterioara. Verbul to say face parte din grupa verbelor neregulate. Cele trei forme ale sale sunt urmatoarele: Forma I say
>
[sei]
Forma a II-a
Forma a Ill-a
said
said
>
[sed]
[sed]
>
Sa introducem in propozitii cuvintele recent invatate. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
>
[it lZ tLl: a:'li tll gau tu D'a sinama]
- Este prea devreme pentru a merge la cinematograf.
She has already got on the bus.
>
[~i:
hEz o:lredi got on D/a bas]
- Ea s-a urcat deja in autobuz.
We visited her late in the evening.
>
[UI: vizltid ha:' leit in
- Am vizitat-o seara tarziu.
Their house is next to the bank.
>
[DZel' hallS iz nekst tll DZa bEn(gJk]
- Casa lor este aproape de banca.
I must get off at this stop.
>
[ai mast get of Et DZis stop]
- Trebuie sa cobor la aceasta statie.
He is saying it is very late.
>
[hI: iz se/m(g) it iz veri !elt]
- EI spune ca este foarte tarziu.
It is too early to go to
the cinema.
DZi i:vnin(g)]
15
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Trebuie sa cobor la a patra statie.
- 1 must >get offat the fourth stop.
Eu rna scol intotdeauna devreme.
- I always get up >early.
Poti sa te
a~ezi
- Can you sit >next to me?
1
Ea a venit la noi dupa-amiaza tarziu.
- She came to us > late in the afternoon.
Urca! Pot sa te duc pana la banca.
- >Get on! I can take you to the bank.
Ea spune ca aceasta casa este prea scumpa.
- She >says this house is too expensive.
in limba engleza complementul circumstantial (de exemplu "early") unneaza, de obicei, dupa verb: I always get up early.
- Ma scol intotdeauna devreme.
Sa vedem in ce masura ati retinut cuvintele noi: a (se) urca
> to get on
tarziu
> late
a spune
> to say
aproape de, langa
> next to
a cobOrl
> to get off
devreme
> early
Complementul de timp late poate avea mai multe intelesuri.
La
It was too late to go here.
- A fost prea tarziu, ca sa mergem acolo.
The bus was late yesterday
- Autobuzul a intarziat ieri.
He was late for breakfast in the morning.
- El a intarziat dimineata la micul dejun.
sfiir~itullectiei
vom repeta intreaga materie. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza:
Azi a fost foarte frig.
> It has been very cold today.
El tocmai a spus ca nu poate merge cu noi.
> He has Just saId he can't go with us.
Ieri ai cumparat aceasta ma~ina?
> Did you buy this car yesterday?
Am cautat-o pe mama mea.
> I have looked for my mother.
Trebuie sa imi pun pentru ca este frig.
0
haina
~i 0 e~arta
> I must put on a coat and a shawl because it is cold.
Azi copiii no~tri au avut febra mare.
> Our children have had a high temperature today.
Ieri vantul a suflat cu putere?
> Old a strong wmd blow 16
yesterday'~
Pana acum am citit trei romane.
> I have read three novels so far.
leri a fost
> It was a sunny day yesterday.
0
zi insorita.
Nu-mi plac diminetile cetoase.
> I don't like foggy mornmgs.
Seara mergem afara.
> In the evening we are going outside.
Imi place sa citesc romane engleze~ti.
> I like to read English novels.
Pot sa cumpar bilete de cinema.
> I can buy tickets to the cinema.
Poti sa-mi dai doua timbre?
> Can you give me two stamps?
Am cumparat un telefon pentm bucatarie.
ro~u
> We have bought a red telephone for the kitchen.
Dimineata am vazut-o in statia de tramvai.
> I saw her at the tram stop in the morning.
De ce i-ai dat ei flori?
> Why have you given her flowers?
Azi secretara mea a uitat sa-~i ia portmoneul.
> My secretary has forgotten to take her
Ace~ti
> Have these people a telephone?
purse today.
oameni au telefon?
De unde pot cumpara un calendar?
> Where can I buy a calendar?
EI nu a mers niciodata la ~coala.
> He has never gone to school.
M-am lasat deja de fumat.
> I have already stopped smoking.
Tocmai am luat micul dejun.
> We have just had breakfast.
Am fost acolo dimineata devreme.
> I was there early in the morning.
De ce ai intarziat ieri la serviciu?
> Why were you late for work yesterday?
Trebuie sa te urci la aceasta statie sa cobori langa oficiul po~tal.
~i
> You must get on at this stop and get off
next to the post-office.
Trenul are 'intarziere?
> Is the train late?
"My secretary has forgotten to take her purse today"
"We have just had breakfast"
La sffir~itullectiei, iata obi~nuitul exercitiu de pronuntie: [ au]
[e]
[i: ]
[ai]
low
best
eat
buy
ago
west
keep
sky
show
seven
teach
high
coat
get
feet
tie 17
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 11 , 11.1. inaintea substantivelor care denumesc ocupatia, religia sau nationalitatea se folose~te 'intotdeauna articolul nehotadit a/an: She is a typist.
- Ea este dactilograra.
I am a CatholIc.
- Eu sunt catolic.
Her husband IS an Amencan.
- So\ul el este amencan.
Daca vorblm despre 0 functle care poate fi indeplinita doar de 0 smgura persoana, atunci putem folosi sau omlte articolului hotarat the: Who is president of Romania?
- Cine este
pre~edintele
Who is the preSident of RomanIa?
- Cine este
pre~edintele
Romaniei? Romaniei?
11.2. The Present Perfect Tense (prezentul perfect) 11.2.1. Propozl\la se construiqte astfel: Pronume + personal
verbul auxiliar have/has
forma a III-a + a verbului principal
She
has
bought
a dog.
Verbul auxiliar este to have conjugat la indicativ prezent. Daca verbul principal este regulat atunci prime~te terminatia -d sau -ed, iar forma IUl este identica cu forma a Ill-a din diqlOnar (Simple Past).
11.2.2. Cand folosim acest tlmp: 1.
Foloslm timpul Present Perfect pentru descrierea aC\IUnIlor trecute She has bought a car.
2.
- Ea a cumparat
incheiate:
0 ma~ina.
Timpul Present Perfect se folose~te alaturi de complementele de timp this (week, month, ...), today, tonight. Acestea se afla la 'inceputul sau la sfiir~itul propozitiei. I have been at home today.
3.
~i
- AZI am fost acasa.
Folosim de asemenea, timpul Present Perfect alatun de complementele de timp always, never, ever, just, recently, lately, already, yet, so far. Complementul de timp yet se afla intotdeauna la sfiir~itul propozitiei, so far la inceputul sau la sfiir~itul propozltiei, iar restul complementelor de timp se gasesc inaintea formei a Ill-a a verbului sau la sfiir~itul propozitiei.
18
] 1.3 Artlcolul hotarat "the" poate fi omis in urmatoarele situatii: ma~ina.
We went by car yesterday.
- Noi am mers ieri cu
They are still at work.
- Ei lucreaza inca.
We are driving east now.
- Noi conducem spre est.
We have been in town today.
- Noi am fost in
They live in Station Street.
- Ei locuiesc in strada Garii.
ora~
azi.
11.4. Complementul de timp "late" poate avea mai multe intelesuri: It is late.
- Este tarziu.
The bus was late yesterday.
- Ieri a intarziat autobuzul.
He was late for breakfast in the morning.
- EI a intiirziat dimineata la micul dejun.
19
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 11 A.
B.
C.
Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii: 1.
They have already read this book.
2.
Peter has been late for school today.
3.
He was a secretary three years ago.
4.
My brother has made a nice bookcase for his mother.
5.
They have already been in England.
6.
I have talked with her lately.
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: 1.
Nu am vazut-o niciodata pe sora tao
2.
Tatallui este
3.
In ultima vreme am vizitat cateva tari frumoase.
4.
Ei au intarziat intotdeauna la
5.
Imi place sa rna scol devreme.
6.
Am taiat cinci copaci din gradina noastra.
Corectati
•
pre~edintele Romaniei.
gre~elile din
~coala.
propozitiile de mai jos:
1.
I never saw this town.
2.
They were at home all day today.
3.
She wanted to go by the car yesterday.
4.
I have already drinked the beer.
5.
She has so far written two books.
6.
They have bought this nice house three years ago.
~
20
" " LECTIA 12 - PARTEA INTAI , Ca de obicei, yom incepe ~i aceasta lectie invatiind cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la traducerea lor: floor
r > [flo: ]
- podea, etaj
carpet
> [ka:rpit]
- covor
f100r lamp
r > [flo: lEmp]
- lampa cu picior
curtains
> [ka:rtinz]
- perdele, draperii
ceiling
> [si: Iin(gl]
- tavan
fireplace
> [faiiFpleis]
- camin,
wall-paper
r > [U o:1peipa ]
- tapet
socket
> [sakit]
- priza
picture
>
armchair
> [ a:rmt~eaT]
- fotoliu
settee
> [seti:]
- canapea
[pikt~ar]
~emineu
- tablou, pictura
Acum recititi cuvintele intr-o alta ordine: curtains
> [ka:rtinz]
- perdele, draperii
settee
> [seti:]
- canapea
floor
r > [ flo: ]
- podea, etaj
fireplace
> [faiarpleis]
- camin,
socket
> [sakit]
- priza
floor lamp
T > [flo: IEmp]
- lampa cu picior
carpet
> [ka:rpit]
- covor
ceiling
> [si: lin(g)]
- tavan
wall-paper
r > [U o:1peipa ]
- tapet
armchair
> [ a:rmt~eaT]
- fotoliu
picture
> [ pikt~aT]
- tab lou, pictura
21
~emineu
Sa folosim cuvintele noi in cadrul unui dialog. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare: This room is awful.
> [DZis ru:m lZ o:fl]
- Camera aceasta este groaznica.
I think we must put the settee next to the fireplace.
>
- Cred ea trebuie sa punem eanapeaua langa ~emineu.
What about the curtains?
> ["at abaut DZa bi:ftmz]
-
They must be brown.
> [DZel mast bI: braun]
- Trebuie sa fie cafenii.
I also want to put the armchairs next to the table.
> [UI olsau "ant tu put DZa a:fmt~eafz nekst tu DZa telbl]
- In plus, (eu) vreau sa pun fotoliile langa masa.
We must also have whIte wall-paper.
> ["I: mast olsau hEy "mt "a: I pelpa f]
What do you think about a yellow carpet on the floor?
> ["ot du 1U: T'in(g)k abaut a lelau ka:fpit on D'a flo:f]
- Ce zici de un covor galben (pe podea)?
Yes, and there must be no lamp on the ceiling.
> [ies End D'eafmas( bl' nau IEmp on DZa si:lm(g)]
- Da, ~i nu trebuie nici pe tavan.
We have many sockets in the room, so we can have floor lamps.
> [ L1 i: hEy mem soklts In DZa ru:m sau L1i: kEn hEy flO:f lEmps]
- Avem multe prize In camera, a~a ea putem avea ~i lampi eu pieior.
And what do you want to do with these pictures?
> [End "at du IU: "ant tu du' "iDZ DZI"Z pikt~afz]
-
I don't want them here.
>
TSm(g)k UI: mast put DZa seti: nekst tu DZa falafpleis]
[Ul
[JI
daunt "ODt DZem hia f]
Before ...
~i
perdelele?
lampa
~i ee vrei sa faci eu aeeste tablouri?
- Nu Ie vreau aiei.
After ...
22
0
Re{ine{i consfruc{ia care apare intr-una din propozi{ii:
there must be no lamp on the ceiling
- nu trebuie sa fie n!ci
0
lampa pe tavan
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limha engleza folosind cuvintele noi: Priza este in spatele acelui scaun.
- The> socket is behind that chair..
De uncle pot cumpara un covor?
- Where can I buy a> carpet?
Plafonul trebuie sa fie alb?
- Must the> ceiling be white?
intotdeauna mi-a placut sa stau in fotoliul acesta.
- I have always liked to sit in this > armchair.
Am pus
- I have put a > floor lamp next to the window.
0
lampa cu picior langa fereastra.
Ieri am vazut un tablou foarte frumos.
- I saw a very nice > picture yesterday.
Aceste perdele sunt prea scumpe.
- These > curtains are too expensive.
Canapeaua este in coltul eamerei.
- The >settee is in the comer of the room.
Copiii stau acum pe podea.
- The children are sitting on the >tloor now.
Aveai atunci un
~emineu?
- Did you have a> fireplace then?
Cand ai cumparat acest tapet?
Verificati-va daca ati
•
reu~it
- When did you buy this >wall-paper?
sa va insu~iti cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza:
canapea
> settee
lampa eu picior
> floor lamp
priza
> socket
tapet
> wall-paper
tavan
> ceiling
covor
> carpet
podea
> floor
perdele
> curtams
~emineu
> fireplace
tablou
> picture
fotoliu
> armchair
23
:;Itlm ea pronumele nehotdrat some poate sta inall1tea unui substantiv numarabil (In aeest ea: are infelesul de ciitva, di!iva, ni~te, unii) sau Inallltea unui substantiv care denume,~te un obieet ee Ill! are forma de plural (in aeest co: (' u in(elesul de pu!in, ceva, ni~te). Putem folosi aeest pronume ca sinonimul altor doua pronume lIehotanlte' 1.
A little [a litl]- putin, catva, ceva ([naintea substantivelor nenumarabile): There is a little bread on the table.
2.
- Este pu!ina pame pe
mas~l.
A few [a flu ]- catva, cativa Unamtea substantive/or nUl1uirabile): There are a few bottles on the floor.
- Sunt diteva stide pe podea.
Inlocuitl adJectivul some cu a little/a few: I vIsited some friends yesterday.
- I visited> a few friends yesterday.
Bnng me some wall-paper.
- Bring me > a hit] e wall-paper.
Can you give me some money?
- Can you give me > a Itttlemoney?
I have smoked some cigarettes today.
I have smoked> a few cigarettes today.
Sa ne Intoareem din nou fa tlll/pul Prescnt Perfect ,~l sa invafam cum se jormuleaza Intrebarile raspunsunle.
,~i
Formam mterogatn'ul prm lIl\'erSllll1e: verhul auxilwr have/has ocupa loeul subleetulUl. iar aeesta treee pe foeul af dotlea.
Cltiti propozltlile urmatoare : I have already seen thiS picture.
Have you already seen this picture?
> [hEv IU: o.lrcch sl:n OilS pikt~a']
- Ai vazut deja acest tablou?
She has never read thiS book.
Has she never read thiS book?
> [hEz
- Nu a citit niciodata aceasta carte?
Has she ever read this book?
> [hEz ~I: eva' red OilS buk]
- A Cltlt ea vreodata aceasta carte?
Have you written two letters so far?
> [hEv IU. litn tu' ]cta'z sau fa:']
- Ati scris pana acum doua scrisori?
We have written two letters so far.
O/IS
neva' red buk] Sl:
Treceti urmatoarele propoZitil la fonna mterogativa: She has already had breakfast.
> Has she already had breakbst')
My mother has never liked my husband.
> Has my mother eve I liked my husband?
They have taught me English.
> Have they taught me English')
She has been at work today.
> Has she been
We have already seen two pictures.
> I hl\ e we already secn t\\ 0 plctUl es')
24
Riispunsul afirmativ se formuleazii cu ajutorul cuviintului yes. a pronumelui personal corespunziitoare a verbului auxiliar: Have you cut your hair?
Yes, I have.
>[ies ai hEv]
- Da.
Have they already bought this house?
Yes, they have.
> [ies DZei hEv]
- Da.
Has she just come?
Yes, she has.
> [ies
~i:
~i
a formei
- Da.
hEz]
Propozitiile negative se formeazii cu ajutorul cuviintului no. a pronumelui personal. a formei corespunziitoare a verbului auxiliar ~l a cuviintului not. Structura have not poate fi prescurtatii, devenind haven't [hEvnt]. pe ciindforma prescurtatii construc!iei has not este hasn't[hEznt] : Have you cut your hair?
No, I have not. No, I haven't.
> [nau ai hEv not] >[nau ai hEvnt]
- Nu.
Have they already bought this house?
No, they have not. No, they haven't.
>[nau DZei hEv not] >[nau DZei hEvnt]
- Nu.
Has she already been in England?
No, she has not. No, she hasn't.
> [nau > [nau
~i:
~i:
hEz not] hEznt]
- Nu.
Completati urmatoarele raspunsuri scurte: Has the sun shone today?
- Yes, >it has. - No, >it hasn't.
Have you already thought about it?
- Yes, I >have. - No, I >haven't.
Have they wanted to be there first?
- Yes, >they have. - No, >they haven't.
Has the secretary forgotten about the letter?
- Yes, >she has. - No, >she hasn't.
La formarea fntrebiirilor complexe a~eziim pronumele interogativ fnaintea verbului auxiliar: - Unde ai vazut-o pe aceasta fata?
Where have you seen this girl?
> [Ueat hEv iu: si:n DZis ga.'I]
What has she done so far?
> [Uot hEz
Who has said this?
> [hu: hEz sed DZis]
- Cine a spus asta?
How many books have you brought?
> [hau meni buks hEv iu: bro:t]
- Cite can;i ai adus?
~i:
dan sau fa:']
- Ce a Iacut ea pfma acum?
Pronumele interogativ when - "cand" nu se folose~te in intrebarile in care verbul este la timpul Present Perfect.
25
In exercitiul urmator completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu partile de propozitie care lipsesc: Peter has been at home today.
- Where> has Peter been today?
She has given me a little beer.
- Who >has given me a little beer?
They have had a dog lately.
- What> have they had lately?
We have worked in the office this week.
- Where> have we worked this week?
Formele negative se pot folosi
~i
la formularea propozi{iilor fntregi:
I haven't visited my mother yet.
> [ai hEvnt vlzitld mai maDzar iet]
She hasn't read the newspaper yet.
>
They haven't seen my house yet.
> rOzel hEvnt haus ICt]
- Ea nu a citit inca ziarul.
[~I:
hEznt red Oza niu:spclpar let] SI:n
- Nu am vizitat-o inca pe mama.
mai
- Inca nu mi-au vazut casa.
Complementul de timp already nu poate fi folosit in propozitii negative, in timp ce complementul de timp yet nu poate fi folosit in propozitii afirmative. In schimb, ambele complemente circumstantiale pot fi folosite la formarea interogativului. Retineti, complementul circumstantial yet are doua intelesuri: deja (in propozitii interogative) ~i inca nu (in propozitii negative).
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: Inca nu am vorbit cu ea.
> I haven't talked to her yet.
Ea a auzit deja despre asta?
> Has she heard It yet?
Nu am trimis inca aceasta scrisoare.
> We haven't sent thIs letter yet.
Luna inca nu a stralucit noaptea aceasta.
> The moon hasn't shone yet this nIght.
Tata nu s-a sculat inca,
> Father hasn't got up yet.
Ai fost deja acasii?
> Have you already been at home?
Dactilografele nu au venit azi la serviciu.
> The typists haven't come to work today.
Formele verbului to have se pot prescurta dupti cum urmeazti: I have
I've
> [a/v]
we have
we've
> [Ui:v]
you have
you've
> [IU:V]
you have
you've
> [iu:v]
he has
he's
> [hu]
they have
they've
> [DZeiv]
she has
she's
>
it has
it's
> [its]
[~l:Z]
26
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii. Folositi forrne1e prescurtate daca este posibil: Ai ineercat vreodata sa te la~i de fum at?
> Have you ever tried to stop smoking?
Cala eafea ai haut azi?
> How much coffee have you drunk today?
inca nu m-am gfmdit la asta.
> I haven't thought about it yet.
Am inteles deja.
> l"ve already understood it.
El nu a venit inca.
> He basn' t come yet
Am vorbit eu el recent.
> We've talked to him recently.
EI i-au placut Intotdeauna t1orile.
> Shc's always liked !lowers.
in ultima vrerne nu ne-am uitat la televizor.
> We haven't watched televiSIOn recently.
Unde ai pus aceasta planta?
> \Vhere hay e you put this plant?
Sa invatam acurn ciHeva prepozitii. incercati sa retineti foloslrea lor In context; under
> Landa']
- sub
over
> [am a']
'- peste, deasupra, pe
across
>
from
> [ from]
- de la, din
by
> [b:ll]
- (chiar) liinga, cu
l akros]
- de-a curmezi~ul, pc partea cealalta
Sa introducem in propozitii cuvintele recent invatate: We usually work [rom seven to three.
> ["i: IU:Juali "a:'k from
Bring a chair from the kitchen.
>
They are by the wmdow.
> [lYci a.' hai D/a "indau]
I have it from my mother.
> [al hEY it from
s('vn tu T'ri' ] [l:mnl~1 a t~e,l'
from
- De obicei lucram de la ~apte la trei. - Adu un scaun din bucatarie.
D/a kit.,an]
l1\
Ei sunt langa fereastra. ~
Am asta de la mama mea.
malYa'J
The dog is under the table.
> r lYa dog: 11: anda" IYa ie/hi]
The picture is over the lamp.
>
l [Ya piktsa'
il: am'ar
IYa tEmp]
27
- Ciiinele este sub masa.
- Tabloul este deasupra lampii.
He is going across the street.
> [hi: IZ gaum(g) akros DZa stn:tJ
- El traverseaza strada.
The office is across the square. > [DZI ofis iz akros DZa skUea f ]
- Biroul este de partea cealalta a pletii.
) ) ) ;'
I
/
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu prepozitiile care lipsesc: Pune masa aceea vis-ii-vis de fereastra.
- Put that table> across the window.
Fotoliile sunt Hinga fereastra.
- The armchairs are> by the window.
Aceste flori sunt de la sotul tau?
- Are these flowers> from your husband?
Avionul zboara deasupra
ora~ului.
- The plane is flying> over the town. - Our cat likes to sit> under the settee.
Pisicii noastre ii place sa stea sub canapea.
Repetati cu atentie grupurile de cuvinte care urmeaza: [a. f]
[au]
[al]
[u. ]
early
know
fireplace
too
curtains
low
shine
blue
bird
go
sky
you
first
over
my
who
28
LECTIA 12 - PARTEA A nOVA , Cititi cu atentie urmatoarele dialoguri. Repetati exercitiul pana retineti corect pronuntia ~i intonatia. Cuvintele ~i silabele accentuate sunt scrise cu litere Ingro~ate. Mary: Peter: Mary: Peter: Mary: Peter:
Did you hear the weather-forecast on the radio yesterday? Yes, I did. It was too cold yesterday to go for a walk. And it was foggy, too. I have never liked to walk in foggy weather, but the heat in summer was also awful for me. Do you want to have breakfast outside? No, I don't. I think the temperature is very low outside and the wind is blowing. Tom has already put on his coat and shawl.
John:
We have a very nice house. Yes, you have, and there is a nice settee in the living-room. We have bought two armchairs so far, and I want to buy a fireplace to the bedroom. Have you ever seen a fireplace in the bedroom? No, I haven't. Look we can't put the floor lamp next to the table because tht:re is no socket there. Yes, I see that. But you've just bought nice, green wall-paper. I wanted to buy a red telephone too, but there was little money in my purse. And what about those pictures on the wall? They are also very nice. I have always liked these pictures.
Tom: Barbara: Tom: Barbara: Tom: Barbara: Tom:
Look at the calendar. Is it Sunday or Monday today? Today is Sunday. Then we can go to the cinema today. First you must buy the tickets and then we can go to the cinema. I have bought thcm. And we can go by tram. Is the tram stop across the square? Yes, it is. I think we must get off at the fourth stop.
Mary: Peter: Mary: Peter: Mary:
Peter, a girl has just entered the house! Who is she? I think she is a secretary. Does this secretary work in a bank? I think she does, but she has brought you a letter from your sister.
Barbara: Peter: Barbara: Peter:
Peter! What have you done so far? I've been at work today.Why? Because I want to go to the shop and I want to buy boots for me. lt's too late to go to the shop now, and you can't buy those boots because they are too expensive. Then I want to buy some flowers. Where have you seen those flowers? I saw them in the shop next to the bank.
Barbara: John: Barbara: John: Barbara: John: Barbara:
Barbara: Peter:
29
In ultimul exercitiu yom recapitula cele invatate pana acum. TraducetI urmatoarele propoZltii in limba engleza: Cand au adus asta?
> When did they bring it'!
Ei vor sa rna invete sa citesc.
> They want to teach me to read.
De ce mi-ai luat florile?
> Why have you taken my flowers?
Cine a vrut sa cumpere casa aceasta?
> Who has wanted to buy this house?
~i
> We are looking for a nice settee and two armchairs now.
Acum cautam cioua fotolii.
0
canapea frumoasa
Vezi acest avion deasupra parcului?
> Do you see this plane over the park?
Inca nu am vorbit cu el.
> I haven't talked to hun yet.
Am incercat sa-i opresc.
> I tried to stop them.
Cand m-am ureat in autobuz, I-am vazut pe fratele meu.
> \Vhen I got on the bus I saw my brother.
El a venit deja.
> He's already come.
Ai condus vreodata ma~ini mari?
> Have you ever dnven big cars?
In ultima vreme nu Ie-am scris serisori prietenilor no~tri.
> Lately we haven't written letters to
Azi ne-au pus cateva intrebari.
> They have asked us a few question today.
I-ai platit lui deja tapetul?
> Have you paid him for the wall-paper yet?
Ieri am auzit buletinul meteorologic.
> We heard the weather-forecast yesterday.
Statia npastra de autobuz este pe partea cealalta a strazii.
> Our bus stop
Pana acum am scris doua scrisori.
> I have written two letters so f .
EI nu
~i-a
our friends.
IS
across the street.
> He has never forgotten hiS fnends.
uitat mciodata prietenii.
Cine a facut asta?
> Who has done it?
La ce ora ai venit acasa?
> What time did you come home'l
Vita-te la florile de langa fereastra.
> Look at the flowers by the window.
Nu au cumparat inca perdele in cea de-a doua camera.
> So far they haven"t bought curtains for the second room.
Sora mea a cumparat recent cateva carti.
> My sister has recently bought a few books.
Cand le-ai aratat casa noastra?
> \\'hen did you show them our house?
30
,.,
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 12 , 12.1. Some, a few
~i
a little.
Am Invaiat ca pronumele nehotanlt some poate sta Inaintea substantive lor numarabile (In acest caz are in!elesul de dtva, dtiva, ni~te, unii) ~i inaintea substantivelor care nu au forma de plural (In aceasta situatie cu semnifica!ia de putin, ceva, ni~te). Some poate fi folosit I.
~i
in locul altor doua pronume nehotarate:
A little l a litl] - pu!in, catva, ceva (lnaintea substantive lor care nu sunt numarabile): There is a little bread on the table.
2.
- Este pu!ina paine pe masa.
A few [a fill:] - catva, ca!iva (lnaintea substantivelor numarabile): - Sunt ciiteva sticle pe podea.
There are a few bottles on the floor.
12.2. Intrebarile ~I raspunsurile la timpul Present Perfect. 12.2.1. Formulam interogativul pnn inversarea ordinii verbului auxiIJar have/has pronumelui personal sau a substantivului cu funqie de subiect: I have already seen this picture.
~i
a
- Have you already seen this picture?
12.2.2. Formulam raspunsurile afirmative cu ajutorul cuvantului yes, a pronumelui personal ~) a formei corespunzatoare a verbuJui auxiliar. Have you cut your hair'!
- Yes, I have.
12.2.3. Formulam negaiia eu ajutorul euvantului no, a pronumelui personal, a fonnei corespunzatoare a verbului auxiliar ~i a adverbului not. Constructia have not poate fi prescurtata ~i devine haven't [h Evnt], iar eonstructia has not devine hasn't l hEznt]: - No, 1have not.
Have you cut your hair?
12.2.4. La formarea Intrebarilor complexe auxiliar: Where have you seen this girl?
a~ezam
pronumele interogativ Inaintea verbului
- Unde ai vazut-o pe aceasta fata?
12.2.5. La timplll Present Perfect pronllmele interogativ when - dnd nu poate fi folosit la formularea interogativllilli.
31
12.2.6 Complementul circumstantial already nu poate fi folosit in propozitii negatIve, in timp ce complementul circumstantial yet nu poate. fi folosit in propozitii afirmative. Ambele complemente circumstantiale pot figura in propozitii interogative, aviind sensuri difente.
12.3 Formele conjugate ale verbului to have pot fi prescurtate in felul urmator: I have
I've
[aiv]
we have
we've
[Ui:v)
you have
you've
[IU:V]
you have
you've
[iu:v]
he has
he's
[hi:z)
they have
they've
[DZeiv]
she has
she's
[~I:Z]
it has
it's
[its]
12.4 Prepozitiile in limba engleza Folosirea in mod corespunzator a prepozitiilor trebuie retinuta in context. under
> [ anda f ]
- sub
over
> [ auva r ]
- peste, deasupra, pe
across
> [akros]
- de-a
from
> [from)
- de la, din
by
> [baiJ
- (chiar) liinga, cu
32
curmezi~ul, pe
partea cealalta
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 12 A.
•
B.
C.
•
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii In limba raman a: 1.
They have never been there in winter.
2.
We have already bought two floor lamps.
3.
There were a few annchairs in the livmg-room.
4.
Have you already seen these pictures?
5.
They haven't read the newspaper yet.
6.
The bus stop is across the street.
Traduceti propozitiile in hmba engleza: 1.
leri am luerat de la ~apte la doua.
2.
Clnd al cumparat perdelele?
3.
Cate a serisori a scris ea pana acum?
4.
In ultima vreme nu am vorbit eu el.
5.
El a ureat deja In autobuz.
6.
Adu-mi
0 eea~ca
de eafea din bucaUirie.
Completati prepozitii1c corespunzatoare in propozitiile de mai jos: I.
Yesterday 1 got nice flowers
my husband.
2.
How many novels have they read _ _"_ far?
3.
There are some clouds
4.
The settee is next
5.
Put
_ _ the sky. the fireplace.
a coat. It is very cold today.
33
VERBELE NEREGULATE DIN LECTIILE 11 SI , , 12 forma I-a
forma a III-a
forma a II-a
blow
>[blau]
blew
>[blu:]
blown
> [blaun]
say
> [sei]
said
> [sed]
said
>[sed]
34
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 11 SI , , 12 across
> [akros]
- de-a cunnezl~ul, pe partea cealalta, vis-a.-vis
already
> [o:lredl]
- deja
annchair
> [a: rmt~ear]
- fotoliu
awful
> [o:tl]
- crancen, teribil, i'ngrozitor
bank
> [bEnlg1k]
- banea
to blow
> [tll blall]
- a sufla, a bate (d. vant)
boot
> [bu:tJ
- gheata, eizma
bus stop
> [bas stop]
- statie de autobuz
by
> [bail
- (chiar) langa,
calendar
> [kElinda']
- calendar, almanah
carpet
> [ka:'pltJ
- eovor
Catholic
> [kEl'iJk]
- catolic(a)
celtlllg
> [si:lin ,gl ]
- tavan
cloud
> [klaud]
- nor
cloudy
> [klalldi]
- IIlBorat, noras
coat
> [but]
- haina, sacau
cold
> [kauldJ
- reee, racoros
eurtams
> [ka:rtInzJ
- perdele, draperii
early
> [a:'11J
- devreme
a few
> [il fill:J
- ea(iva, eiiteva
fireplace
> [ faia'plelsJ
- eamin,
floor
> [no:'J
- podea, etaj
floor lamp
> [no:' lEmp]
- lampa cu picior
flower
> [tlalla']
- floare
fog
> [fog]
- cea(a
foggy
> [fo)!i]
- cetos, cu ceata
from
> [ from]
- de la, din
to get otf
> [tll get oil
- a cobori
to get on
> [tu get on]
- a (se) urea
heat
>
e
I hi:tJ
Cll
~emineu
- caldura (puternica), caniculi!
> [lettJ
- tiirziu 35
lately
> [ leitli]
- recent, de cUfClnd, in ultima vreme
low
> [lau]
- jos, scazut
next to
> [nekst tu]
- aproape de, Ifmga
novel
> [novl]
- roman
outside
> [autsaid]
- afara
over
>
picture
> [ pikt~a']
- tablou, pictura
president
> [prezidant]
-
purse
> [pa:'s]
- portofel, geanta,
recently
> [ri:sntli]
- de curand, recent
to say
> [tu sel]
- a spune
secretary
> [sckratri]
- secretar(a)
settee
> [seti: ]
- canapea
shawl
>
the sky
> [DZa skai]
- cerul
socket
> [sokit]
- priza
so far
> [sau fa:']
- pana acum, deocamdata
stamp
> [stEmp]
- timbru
strong
> [stron(g)]
- tare, putemic
sunny
> [sani]
- insorit, cu soare
telephone
> [tehfaun]
- telefon
temperature
> [ tempnt~a']
- temperatura, febra
ticket
> [tiklt]
- bilet
tram
> [trEm]
- tramvai
tram stop
> [trEm stop]
- statie de tramvai
under
> [ anda']
- sub
wall
> [Uo:l]
_0
wall-paper
> [U o:l peipa']
- tapet
weather-forecast
> [UeDZa' fo:'ka:st]
- prognoza vremii, buletin meteorologic
wind
> [lImd]
- vant
windy
> [llindl]
- vfmtos, cu mult vant
yet
> [let]
- inca, deja
l auva']
- peste, deasupra, pe
[~o:l]
pre~edinte po~eta
~
e~arIa
-
.
36
...
zid, perete
-.
-\
REZUMAT 1.
Pronumele posesiv: my
al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale mele
al nostru, a noastra, ai ale noastre
your - a ta, al tau, ai tai, ale tale, a/al dumitale, dumneavoastra
your
al vostru, a voastra, ai vo~tri, ale voastre, alai dumitale, dumneavoastra
his
al lui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale
their
her
al ei/sau, a ei/sa, ai ei/sai, ale ei/sale
its
a/aI, ai/ale lui, sale, ei (pentru obiecte, notiuni abstracte, animale)
Pronumele posesiv in limba engleza are merele.
2.
no~tri.
our
aceea~i
- alaI, ai/ale lor
forma pentru toate genurile
my house
casa mea
my mother
mama mea
my child
copilul meu
my flowers
florile mele
~i
nu-
Present Continuous Tense (timpul prezent continuu): Se
folose~te
pentru a descriem
0
activitate care se petrece in momentul vorbirii:
I am reading a book now. He is walking at the moment. We are just working in the garden.
- 1-
LECTIA 13. - PARTEA INTAI , Azi va invitam la micul dejun. Toatc cuvintelc noi se refera la aceasta tema: plate
> lr leit ]
farfurie
fork
> II'o:rk I
fureul ila
spoon
> [sr u:n]
lingma
salt
> I sn: ItI
sare (ele bucfltarie)
salt-cellar egg
solnita > legj
saucer
ou I'arfurioara
napkin
> [IiEpkin!
~erveleL ~ervct
toast
> lIt lustl
paine praj ita
toaster
gratar pentru rrajit paine
egg-cup Exersati
>kgkapj acelca~i
pahar pentru oua
cuvinte, dar In alta ordine:
toast
>
salt
> IS,): It i
fork
>
egg-cup
> leg karl
pahar rentru oua
napkin
> [nErkin]
~erveteL ~ervet
saucer
> l su: S{I "J
farfurioarii
egg
> leg]
OLI
salt-cellar
> r so:lt self,r j
solnitii
spoon
> I spll:nj
lingura
plate
> 111kil!
farfurie
toaster
> ! \oll,L,'!
gratar pentru priijit paine
: tOil .... t j
r1'0: I k I
- 2-
p{line priljita sare (de bucatarie) furculita
I
Observati felul in care folosim cuvintele noi in prapozitii. Cititi prapozitii1e eu voce tare ~i fili atenti la pranuntie. We have just bought large
>!lli: 1\1:\ dpst t"u la:'dj
plates.
?'\oi toemai am cumparat far furi i Illari.
pieilS]
Bring a few forks.
Adu citteva fureu lite.
Can r take this spoon?
>rkFn ai te/k [J/ is spu:n]
Pot sa iau aceasta lingllra?
They must buy a salt-cellar.
>[[)/ei Illast hai a sO'lt
Ei trebuie sa ellmpere solnita.
\cla i I I 100e toasts for breakfast.
" r
>[ al b\ toush t,l:
Imi place painea prajita la miCLd dejun.
brckl11stj We don't have salt at home.
0
>rlli: uount hE\ so:l! Et
.
Acasa nu avem sare.
houlll] How many eggs did you cat >Ihau mcni cgl UIU iu: i:t
Cate oua ai mancat la
for breakfast?
mil'ld dejun?
Can you bring me a saucer?
brt'klast]
["oJ
>1 !d"n
iu: brll1\~)
1111: ,'I
Pori sa-mi aduci farfurJoari"l')
,r
,0: S:I ]
Have we red napkins at
>lhh.
home?
lI
i: rcd nEpkllh f·t
A\ em acasa . ',)
0
~erve(elc
ro~11.
houlll J
Put the bread into the toaster. >lput O/a bred intu
Pune p,linca in prajitorul de paine!
[)/i"l
toust:/I /
These egg-cups arc very nice. >lD i:z eg kaps a:
r
\ crJ
Aceste pahare pentru ou5 sum foartc frumoase.
nais] Completati propozi}iile in Iimba englcza, utilizand cuvintele noi: Trebuie sa am un prajitor de paine in bucatarie.
-
I must have >:.1 toaster
in the kitchen.
Cite farfurii ai cumparat?
How many >platcs
have you bought?
Aceste linguri sunt prea mario
These .Y>pO()IlS
iti place sarea?
Do you like :>salt '!
De obicei mananc un au in fiecare zi.
r usually cat one xgg every day.
Am adus aceste pahare pcntru oua din Anglia.
We have brought these
Care furculi(e vrei sa Ie cumperi?
Which >fnrb
Solnita este plina.
The -;.;all-cellar
Aduce-ti, va rag, farfurioarcle.
Bring the
$ervetelul estc sub scaunul trlU.
Thc >napk ill
!"t-at miincat deja piiimle prajtte'!
Have you already eatcn your >l,lash ,)
are too big.
::c,~gg-ClipS
from
England.
- 3 -
do you want to buy'? is full.
>
, pleasc.
is under your chair.
In mod sigur v-ati Insu~it foarte bine cuvintele noi. Sa Ie reluam aHituri de numere. Traduceti In Iimba engleza: 23 de Iinguri
> twcI1ly-thrcc spoons
62 de pahare de oua
> sixty-two
o farfurioara de sare
> onc saucer or salt
17 furculite
> sc\cntccn forks
12 griitare pentm prajit paine
> lwc I'liC toasters
43 de solnite
> forty-three salt-cellars
99 de farfurii
> nincty-ninc platcs
13 ~ervetele
> thirtcen napkins
100 de oua
> a hundred eggs
cateva paini prajite
> some toasts
cgg-cup~
Ali relinut desigur ea, in limba engfeza, pronumele posesiv se ajla de, obieei, inaintea subsantivului: ma~ina
This is my car.
Aceasta este
Our house is large.
Casa noastra este mare.
mea.
Sunt insa situalii in care pronumele posesiv sta singur, ca un pronume independent $i nu este urmat de substantiv. in aeest caz se sehimba $i forma pronumelui, pe care il numim pronume posesiv independent. De exemplu:
rIII ~I in I
al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale mele
mine
>
yours
> I io J /]
al tau, a ta, ai'tai, ale tale, aI, a, ai, ale dumitale, dumneavoastra
his
> Ihi/1
al lui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale
hers
>
its
> [Its]
r
lila: /1
al ei/sau, a ei/sa, ai ei/sai, ale ei/sale lui, sale, ei (pentm obiecte, notiuni abstracte, animale)
-4-
r
>Ia\\az]
ours
al nostru, a noastra, ai ale noastre
no~tri,
yours
>LIO.IZ]
al vostru, a voastra, ai v01,itri, ale voastre
theirs
>![)\'/1;1
al/a/ai/ale lor
Sa exersam, in propozitii, situatiile in care trebuie sa folosim pronumele posesiv: r
I
It is my car.
> [It
This car is mine.
>: [)
Don't take his pen.
> j dounl lC/k hi! pen]
Take yours.
> [tc/k
This is their money.
> [f)"is iz
This money is theirs.
> [D
II l1Iai
/
I
ka.
Aceasta este ma1,iina mea.
r
Aceasta mea.
IS LI' II main]
IS
10.
r
este a
Nu lua stiloul lui! Ia-I pe al tau!
z]
n/c/
manl
ma~ina
mam] I
II [) CI
r
z1
- Ace1,itia sunt banii lor. Ace~ti
bani sunt ai lor.
in exercitiul urmator, completati propozitiile: Aceasta este bicicleta mea.
This is >!11" bicycle.
Aceasta carte este a ta?
- Is this book >YUUIS?
Aceste stilouri sunt ale lui.
These pens are > his .
Acea haina este a ei.
That coat is > hel s
Acestea sunt merele noastre.
These are> OUI apples.
Aceste tigari sunt ale tale?
Are these cigarettes> J ours?
AceasHi solnita este a lor?
Is this salt-cellar> thclrs ?
Acest ceasomic este ale lui.
This clock is > 1m .
Este ma1,iina ei?
Is it > hcr car?
Acele
ce~ti
sunt ale tale.
.
Those cups are> yours.
Aceste birouri sunt ale lor.
These desks are> thclrs .
Sunt pisicile noastre.
They are> our cats.
Sunt pantofii mei.
They are> my shoes.
Urmeaza din nou cateva cuvinte noi: empty
> rcmptl]
gol
delicious
> [dlli,;>Chl
delicios, savuros
fried
>
fript, pdijit
fat
> [tEt]
gras, plin de gdisime
in a hurry
> 1111 CI hall'
in graba, la repezeala
[I'j
,,/(.1]
-5-
Exersati
acelea~i
cuvinte, dar in alta ordine: i Jlli~;bj
delicious
>
in a hurry
> rill Cl hari]
In graba, la repezeala
fried
> [lraiJ I
fript, prajit
empty
> [rmpti]
gol
fat
> [ fEll
gras, piin de grasime
delicios, savuros
Retineti urmatoarea expresie: to be in a hurry. De exemplu: I am in a hurry.
Ma grabesc.
They were in a hurry.
Ei se grabeau.
lar acum cititi cu atentie propozitiile de mai jos In care am indus cuvintele noi: These tomatoes are delicious. > [D/i:/ r{lll1a:l,lC:/
Aceste ro~ii sunt delicioase.
:1.
hari I
Don't eat in a hurry.
> [dOlillt i:t ill
He likes fried potatoes.
> [hi: laiks fraid pClte;tnllz]
Your cup is empty.
> 110:
"
r
[I
I '
",ap
Nu manca in graba! Lui ii plac cartofii prajiti.
. 1
Cea~ca
1/ cmplll
This cat is very fat.
ta este goaHi.
Aceasta pisica este foarte grasa.
Folositi cuvintele noi in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Acest barbat gras maniinca prea mult.
This >
Farfuria ei este goala?
Is her plate> c'mpt\ ?
fmi place pe~tele prajit.
I like> h'led fish.
Te
grabe~ti?
[,j l
Are you>
Briinza aceasta este delicioasa.
man eats too much.
ill <1
hu:ry?
This cheese is > lkiiciollS.
Pentru exersare traduceti cuvintele noi: in graM
> ill :1 hurry
gol
>
CIl1!1t\ I .
gras delicios prajit
-6-
in cele ce urmeaza ne vom ocupa de exprimarea ac{iunilor care se vor petrece in viitor. in limba engleza in acest scop se folose!jte timpul Simple Future Tense r,imp1 riu.l~fl' IClh I' Formarea lui este simpla: verbul auxiliar willi "i1] urmat de forma I-a a verbului principal, infinitivul. Urmari{i stuctura propozi(iei: Pronumele personal
+
verbul auxiliar will
+ foma I-a a verbului principal
+
will will
I She
to you tomorrow. a letter today.
come write
Complementele de timp se plaseaza la inceputul sau la s[anjitlll propozi(iei. Complementele de timp, care in cazul altar timpuri se alla la mijlocul propozitiei, la acest timp tree inaintea verbului principal. Urmeaza ciiteva exemp1e eu viitorul simplu: 1
EI 0 va vizita pe mama sa sapUimana viitoare.
I!
Maine la ~apte vor lua ei micul dejun.
He will visit his mother next> [hi. lid \
i/l! hl/ 111:11)/:1
week.
kI
11-: k '!
II I
They will have breakfast at seven tomorrow.
> I f)/C!
I will be at home in the evening.
>
We will wait for you till three o'clock.
> Ill!. lid
They will always live here.
>
My father will go to England tomorrow.
> [mal fa:!) a 'II
L1
1l hl.\ hil'L',-"t
,t'\ 11 t{lInnrnll]
1,1/ D
1I
Ii hi b
/.
Diseara voi fi acasa.
hlHl1ll 111
I '-!)
I I \ !l!1l -
I
II CII I'll I Ill"
td
Te vom ora trci.
r'fl :Iklokl [[)/'-I IIJi o.llI'-'I/ 11\
/
I
'I
111:1
I
a~tepta
pana la
Ei vor locui Intotdeauna aici. Tatal meu va merge maine in Anglia.
~lHI til
illglflild tflIlHHOU\
La persoana a-I-a singular ~i plural (I, we) in locullui will se poate folosi ~i verbul auxiliar shall. In limbajul uzual Insi'!, se folose~te mai des verbul auxiliar will.
In exercitiul urmator completati propozitiile cu expresia corespunzatoare la tIlnpul viitor: Maine vom eina In gradina.
Tomorrow we > \\ ill kl\ ,-' dinner in the garden.
Sapti'!mana viitoare vom merge la Londra.
Next week we > \\ II: g" to London.
Peste doua zile ii vom vizita pe parintii
no~tri.
- We > \\ ill \ \, It our parents in two days.
Maine seara vom asculta radiou!'
Tomorrow evening we >" ill Ih ' ,:11 t,) the radio.
Vom [1 intotdeauna 'impreuna.
We >'.\1];
Saptamana viitoare vom plati Maine 'ii voi scrie lui.
ma~ina.
,,1.\,1\,
hc together.
Next week we > \\ I! 1 I '.1\ for the car. 1>'\111
-7-
,\"l,'
to him tomorrow.
Vor merge la plimbare dimineata.
They> \\ i II go for a walk in the morning.
Ea nu va vedea asta niciodata.
She> wi II never see it.
Voi fi la servici la cinci.
I > will hl' at work at five.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Parintii
no~tri
> Ollr parents wi II cOll1e to
vor veni maine la noi.
Saptamana viitoare voi incerca sa fac biblioteca.
liS
tornorrO\\'.
> Next weeK I will try to make a bookcase.
0
Vom cobori la a treia statie.
> Wc will get olT at the third stop.
Vom merge la Londra in martie.
> We will go to London ill March.
Maine dimineata voi fi acolo.
> 1 will be therc tomorrow rnorl1lng.
Ei ne vor
a~tepta.
> Thev will wait for
> i \\ili talk with him about this novel.
Voi vorbi cu el despre acest roman. Tata imi va da miercuri
liS.
ma~ina.
> Father \\ ill
gj\C 111C
the
C~lr
on
\Vednesd;l) . > The
Maine va straluci soarele.
slin
\\ill
,;hillL~
Iar acum yom invata cateva verbe. Cititi cuvintele cu voce tare corecta:
~i
tomorrow.
fiti atenti la pronuntia lor
to leave
> [tu h:\]
a parasi, a pleca
to boil
> [Ill boilj
a fierbe, a clocoti
to use
> [tu iLL!:l
a folosi, a utiliza, a intrebuinta
r
to pour
> Illl po:1
to pass
>
to tell
> [tll tel]
[lll
a tuma, a varsa
pa:sJ
-
a pasa, a da a spune
(n)
to hang
> [tu hl:n '" ]
a atama, a agata
to translate
> [tu trEllslcit 1
a traduce
Exersati
acelea~i
cuvinte, intr-o alta ordine:
to boil
> Itll boil]
a fierbe, a clocoti
to pass
> [tu pa:s]
a pasa, ada
to use
> [tu
i\lJ 1
a folosi, a utiliza, a intrebuinta
to tell
>
tell
a spune
to hang
> [I\I hI'n ()!.)
to translate
>
to pour
> I t \I po r I
a tuma, a varsa
to leave
> r I \I Ii \ I
a parasi, a pleca
[tll
[ t \I
a atama, a agata
IrEn,;!cil]
-8-
a traduce
Retineti ca expresia to leave for se traduce prin: a pleca, a caIatori undeva. Cateva dintre verbele noi sunt neregulate. Sa ne
Insu~im
cele trei forme ale acestor verbe:
forma a-I-a
forma a-II-a
leave >[li:v]
left
>[lcfi]
left
> Ilcn]
told
>ltouldJ
told
>[touldl
tell
> [tel]
hang > [hEn(g)]
forma a-III-a
hung > [han(g)]
hung > lhan(gi
lar acum sa vedem cum se folosesc verbele noi In propozitii: They have already left.
> [Ozci hFv o:lredi left]
I want to hang this picture over the settee.
> !at Olll tll hLn ~ D IS pI'k·t~a_r Oll\a_I' 0/-ascII:. 1
Please, pour me some tea.
> Ipli:z po:r mi: sam ti:]
I will tell him about it.
> [ai
. 1I
lI
.
(t>:)
z·
ij leI him i'lballl it]
Ei au plecat deja. Vreau sa atam aceasta pictura deasupra canapelei. - Toama-mi, te rag, ceai.
Ii voi
ni~te
spune lui despre
asta. Pass me the salt.
> [pa:s mi: IJza so:ltJ
- Oa-mi sarea.
I will boil the water.
Voi fierbe apa.
I have already translated this> [ai hEv o:lredi letter. trEnsleitid f)/is leU{]
Am tradus deja aceasta scrisoare.
We can't use Peter's car today.
> lUi: ka:nl ill:z pi:li/z ka J
ladei]
Nu putem folosi azi ma~ina lui Petre.
In exercitiul urmiitOf, completati propozitiile 'in limba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului: Peste
0
saptamana vom pleca la
Bucure~ti.
Ai fiert oua? Poti folosi telefonul lui. Iti tom cafea. Poti sa dai zaharul?
We will> Ica\ c for Bucharest in a week. Have you> boilcd eggs? - You can > lhC his telephone. I'm >pourillg you coffee. - Can you> pass the sugar?
Nu-i voi spune lui despre asta niciodata.
I >wilJ nc\cr tell him about it.
leri am atamat perdelele.
Yesterday I > hung the curtains.
Pana acum am tradus doua ciini.
So far I > h;1\ l' trallslalL'd two books.
-9-
Tell/say
Ambele verbe au
acela~'i
inteles, dar Ie folosim in contexte di/erite:
Cu ajutorul verbului say, spunem, exprimam ceva:
"""
He's said a few words about this noveL
A spus catcva cuvinte dcspre acest roman.
They say we have a nice house.
Ei spun ca avem
casa frumoasa.
0
Cu ajutorul verbului tell spunem cuiva ceva (to tell about·· a povesti, a spline): He's told me about the book.
Mi-a povestit despre carte.
She will tell you about my brother.
iti va spune despre fratele meu.
Sa incerciim sa folosim cele invatate. Utilizati forma corespunzatoare a verbului "to say" sau "to tell" in unnatoarele propozi!ii: Ti-am vorbit deja despre asta.
I've already> told you about it.
EI spune ca nu-i place sora mea.
He > says he doesn't like my sister.
Spune ceva despre munca tao
> Say something about your work.
EI a spus ca cerul este albastru.
He has> s,lid the sky is blue.
Inca nu mi-a spus despre asta.
He hasn't> told me about it yet.
Cand vrei sa-i spui nevestei tale despre aceasta ma~ina?
When do you want to > about this car?
Il'l I
your wife
Unneaza ultimul exerci!iu al acestei parti a lectiei. Traduce!i propozi!iile in Iimba englcza: Maine voi cumpara farfurii
~i
farfurioare.
>
I \\ill bu)
]0 11111ITO\\
pLtlL'S
and saucers.
Nu pot fierbe ouale acum!
> I can't hclil tile eggs ntlw'
Vom atama acest tablou in donnitor.
> We will hang this picture in the hedroom.
Nu lua Iingura mea, ia-o pe- a tal
> Don't take my spoon. take yours.
Acest Copiii
pe~te
prajit este delicios.
no~tri
> This fried fish is lklicioliS.
vor veni la noi sambata.
Spune-mi unde sunt
~ervetelele.
> Our children will cOllle til liS on '-;aturdav. > Tell me where the n,lpkins ,Ire.
Cate paini prajite poti manea? Aceasta lui.
ma~ina
este a mea,
Cand vrei sa pleci Ia
~i
aceea este a
Bucure~ti?
> This car is mine a III I tbt is his.
> \A/hen do
VIlll W,lIlt
to Iea\ eli))'
BlIcklre~t'.)
Unde pot sa-mi agar haina?
> \\hcre call I klllg my coat'.'
Trebuie sa traduc aceasta carte pana in februarie.
> I
11111'1 tLlI1~Lite
-10-
this hook hy February.
LECTIA 13. - PARTEA A DODA Incepem lectia invatand cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ic cu voce tare ~i incercati sa Ie retineti: arm
> [a:tm]
-
brat
knee
> [ni:]
-
genunchi
toe
> [tou]
- deget de la picior
nail
> [neil]
- unghie
finger
> [Hng!i"]
-
deget
belly
> [bcli]
-
burta, stomac
chest
> [t~est 1
elbow
> [clbou]
-
cot
wrist
> Irist]
-
ineheietura mainii
wrist-watch
>
[rist llot~]
ceas de mana
back
>
[bEk]
spate, spinare
shoulders
:::-'>
[~ouldatz]
umen
Repetati
acelca~i
piept
cuvinte dar in alta ordine: Irist llot~]
wrist-watch
>
elbow
> [clbou]
- cot
finger
> [l1ngf/]
- deget
knee
> Ini:]
-
genunehi
shoulders
> houldarz]
-
umen
wrist
> [rist]
-
incheietura mainii
chest
>
nail
> [neil]
- unghie
arm
> [aJm]
- brat
back
> [hEk]
- spate, spinare
toe
> [tou]
-
deget de la picior
belly
> [hcli]
-
burta, stomac
It~est]
- II -
eeas de mana
- piept
~i
Citi!i cu atentie propozi!iile de mai jos, in care veri intalni You have long anns.
(,,)
I
Ai bra!e lungi.
> [/U: hl'\ Ion - a. IIlll
Ea In genunchi.
She was on her knees. Every man has ten fingers and ten toes.
Fiecare om are zece degete la mana ~i zece la picior.
> [cvrl I11I'n hEI tcn 1
t1nga z /--.nd
(oU/I
tCIl
Your nails are too long.
That man has a big belly.
cuvintele noi:
Unghiile tale sunt prea lungi. > 11/1.1 mEn hE!
:1
big
Omul acela are mare.
I
Barbatii au de obicei par pe piept.
bl'll i
,ll d I
Men usually have hair on the chest.
> !mclJ
My elbow is all right now.
>
This wrist-watch is hers.
> .t [)I IS
You have a brown back.
> [Ill hh :1 hraun bLkj
She has a shawl on her shoulders.
>1,1
Is your wrist all right now?
> i II
Oil
III jU:Iil
))/:1
[mal
hi
t)c~t i
clhou r1~1
1I
(\:1
II
()t~ II
0
burta
1",111 1l:1lI]
Cotul meu este bine acum.
I);1- r I ]
Acest ceas de mana este al ei.
hl/:J~l,i(,nh,l.
Ai un spate bronzat.
r
- Ea are
0 e~arfii
pe umeri.
)Oli/crl1/j )
II)'
rlSt
(I
I
Incheietura mainii tale este bine acum?
1";111 ILilll
Traduceti in limba engleza denumirea unnatoarelor paTti ale corpului:
I. spate
6. piept
2. umar
/
>
chc~t
7. deget de la mana >
llI1!' l') '
3. cot
8. brat
>
4. incheietura > \\ I I,t
9. stomac
> bcll\
,11111
mainii 5. unghie
~
- 12-
10. genunchi
> klll'L'
II. deget de la
>t(IL'
picior
Acum ne vom intoarce la timpul Simple Future !ii vom invii{a cum se formeazii interogativul $i raspllnsllrile corespunziitoare. intrebarile la timpu! Simple Future se jorrneazii prin inversarea ordinii verbului allxiliar will $i a substantivullli sau a pronl,lmelui personal. > [ui! ~i: gou tu
She will go to Bucharest tomorrow.
Will she go to Bucharest tomorrow?
They will translate this letter.
Will they translate > [ll il J)/ei trEns leit r this letter? D/is leta ]
Va merge ea maine la Bucure~ti?
bukarcst tiimornu]
VOl' traduce aceasta scrisoare?
Transformati urmatoarcle enunturi in propozitii interogative: We will leave for England tomorrow.
> Will we leave for England tomorrow')
Mother will tell them about this boy.
> Will mother tell them about this boy')
They will hang ten pictures in their living-room,
> Will they hang ten picturcs in their living-room?
He will use his father's car next month.
> Will he usc his f~lthcr's car next month'!
Next week they will come to us.
> Will they corne to us next week?
Tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii interogative in limba engleza: VOl' Inecrca sa faca asta maine?
> Wil! they try to do it tOI1l0IT()\V'.)
Lmi vei cumpara aceasta haina?
> Will you buy me this coat')
Va canta el acest e:intee?
> Will he sing this song')
Ne va arata cl camera lui?
> Will he show us his
Vei luera maine?
> \Vill you work tOl11orrow?
Ei vor lua eopiii in Anglia?
> Will they take the children to England?
Raspunsurile afirmative se fiJrmeaza verbului auxiliar will:
CII
roOIll'.!
ajutoru! cuvdntului yes, a pronumelui personal. $i a
Will they make a bookcase tomorrow?
Yes, they will.
>[ies D/ ei lIi\]
Will you ask him this question?
Yes, I will.
>[ies ai lI il ]
Will she visit her brother next week?
Yes, she will.
>[ies ~i: lI il ]
Completari pronumele personal ~t verbul auxiliar eorespunzator in urmatoarele raspunsuri scurte: Will he write to you?
Yes, >he will .
Will she cut the trees tomorrow?
Yes, >she will
Will you thank them for the book?
Yes, >1 will.
Will she wait for us?
Yes, >she will
Will your brother come to you next month?
Yes, >he will .
- 13 -
Negatia se formeaza eu ajutorul negatiea no pronumelui personala, verbului auxi/iar will, a euvdntului not. Construetia will not se poate preseurta astfel: won't> [u ounl I :
~i
Will you pay for dinner?
Will he send this letter?
No, I will not.
> [noLI ai lIi! Ilot
No, I won't.
> [noLI ai lI o11nl J
No, he will not.
> [noll hi: "il Ilot] > [noll hi: lI ounl ]
No, he won't. Will your parents visit you tomorrow?
No, they will not. > [noll No, they won't.
n/ ci
lIi1
I
not]
> [noLI D/ei lIo11nt ]
Formulati raspunsul negativ la urmatoarele intrebiiri: Will they talk to you?
No, >Ihey won'l .
Will Peter show you the suit?
No, >11C won't.
Will he use this chair?
No, >hc \\ on"1 .
Will she tell me about this man?
No, >she won"t .
Propozitii/e interogative la care raspundem eu propozitii intregi :'ii nu Ilumai eu cuvintele "sa" sau "nu" sunt propozitii interogative partiale. Acestea se formeazii ell ajlltorlll unui pronume interogativ, a~ezat inaintea verbului auxiliar: When will you come?
> [lien lI i1 ill: kam]
Cand vei veni? Dnde vor cina?
Who will do it?
> Ihu: llil du: it]
- Cine va face asta?
Traduceti urmatoarele intrebari in limba engleza: La ce ora te vei scula maine? Ce
ma~ina
> Whal lime wi II you get UF lomorrow')
vei conduce la Londra?
>Whal car \vill you dri\c 10 London'!
Cfmd vei merge la lucru?
> Whcn wi II
Cine va cauta ciiinele?
> Who wi II look fiJr the dog'!
Dnde vei agata telefonul?
> \Vherc will
Struetura negativii will not/won't I won't put on this coat.
0
putem folosi
~i
> [ai lI 01l1l1 rUI Oil lY!is
> [[)\~l lI\Hlllt hai f)/is halls]
My sister won't teach in this> [mai sistii'" uOUll1 li:l~ in school.
YlHI
go to work.'!
hallg thc tclephonc'!
in propozitii integri:
kOUl J They won't buy this house.
yOli
D/ ISS kU: I]
- 14-
Nu voi imbraca aceasta haina. Nu vor cumpara aceasta casa. Sora mea nu va preda in aceasta ~coala.
·111~
in exerci~iul urmator traduce~i propozi~iile in limba engleza: Nu voi fi niciodata dactilograra.
> I will nc\cr bc a typist.
Mama mea va merge maine la spital.
> My mothcr will go to hospital tOl1lornw..
Peste doua saptamani nu yom avea de lucru.
> \'/c
Cine te va
a~tepta?
WOI1'(
havc \\ork in two wceks.
> Who will wait for you')
Unde ne vom opri?
> Whcrc
Vei traduce aceasta scrisoare?
> \Vill vou translate this Icttcr')
Voi vorbi cu tine despre acest magazin.
> We will tcll you about this shop.
wII! \\C
stop')
lata cateva cuvinte noi: electric
> [ilektrik[
electric
tired
> [taiil\J]
obosit
sweet
dulce
only
> [ounli]
numai, doar
hungry
> [hangri]
flamand, infometat
thirsty
- insetat
Exersati acelea~i cuvinte dar in alta ordine: only
> [ounlil
numai, doar
hungry
> [hangri 1
flamand, infometat
electric
> [ilektrik]
electric
tired
> [taiCI r d 1
obosit
thirsty
> [T'a:\ti]
insetat
sweet
> [s u i :t ]
dulce
Retineti expresiile urmatoare:
[ am thirsty - cu semnificatia de: 1. 2.
Imi este sete. Sunt insetat (de). Doresc
- sens propriu - sens figurat
[ am hungry - eu semnificatia de: l. 2.
imi este foame. Sunt infometat dupa ...
- sens concret, biologic - sens figurat
- 15 -
In mod sigur v-ati insu~it deja cuvintele noi. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza! > Have they electric took)
Au instrumente electrice? leri am fost foarte obosit
~i
infometat.
> I was very tired and
h\\I1~cry
ycsterday.
Unde ai cumparat aceste mere dulci?
> Where did you huy thcse 'iwcct apples')
Mi-e sete.
> I am thirsty.
Mi-au trimis numai
0
scrisoare.
> They have sent me only one letter.
Intelesul expresiei "only" se schimba in cazul in care este precedat de un articol hotariit. Semnificatia expresiei the only este: singurul, unicuI. Articolul hotarit "the" poate fi inlocuit cu un pronume posesiv.
De exemplu: It's the only plant in this room.
> [its Ol'j ounli pla:nt In
He is my only brother.
> [hi:z mai ounli bra0 i/j
Acum sa facem
cuno~tinta
Ol'is ru:m] 7
Este singura planta in aceasta camera. Este singurul meu frate.
cu diteva verbe noi:
to taste
> [tll teist]
to feel
> [tll fi:l]
to begin
> [tll bigin]
a incepe, a se apuca de
to build
> [tll bild]
a c1adi, a construi
to catch
> [tll
to fall
> [tll 1'0:1]
a gusta - a simti, a atinge, a pipai
- a prinde, a apuca, a retine, a sc imbolnavi de
kEt~]
a cadea, a se
prabu~i
lata cum folosim aceste verbe in propozitii: When did you build this house?
> [uen did ill: hild [)I'is
Today I feel very good.
> [t[ldei ai fi:l veri glld]
Azi rna simt foarte bine.
Have you already tasted the fish?
> [hEv ill: o:lredi teistid
Ai gustat deja
The leaves are falling from the trees.
> [07 a li:vI a: r fo:lin(g)
Summer always begins in June. I must catch the train early in the morning.
hallS]
Ciind ai construit aceasta casa?
pe~tele?
OZa fi~]
from
[/a
tri:2] Vara incepe intotdeauna in iunie.
dju:nJ > [ai mast k Ft~ [)/ a (rein
aJli in
- Frunzele cad de pe copaci.
[)7
a mo:rnin(g)j
- 16-
Trebuie sa prind trenul dimineata devrerne.
Cateva verbe noi sunt neregulate. Vom invata formele acestora: Forma a I-a > [ti'lj feel
Forma a II-a > [kit] felt
Forma a III-a > [kit) felt
began
> [hlgEn]
begun
> [hlgan]
caught
> rko:t]
caught
>
> !blld]
built
> [llIIl]
built
> [biltj
> [hi]
fell
> [fell
fallen
> : fo: In]
begin
> [hlgin]
catch
>
build fall
[kFt~]
~k,).t]
In continuare completati propozitiilc cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului: Pisica tocmai a prins
The cat has just> caught a bird.
pasare.
0
Jeri am cazut pe podea.
I > fell on the floor yesterday.
Ei nu au construit inca aceasta casa. Cand vei incepe sa
cite~ti
- They haven't> bUIlt this house yet. When will you> hegln to read it?
asta?
Cum te-ai simtit cand ti-a vorbit despre asta?
- How did you > feci when he told you about It?
Iar acum yom recapitula intregul material al lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: Voi merge la magazin farfurii ~i ~ervetele.
~i
voi cumpara
> ! \\ III go to thc shop and huy plates and napkin~.
Ai mancat vreodata oua? > I'm nut hungl}
Nu mi-e foame. Azi nu iau
ma~ina
mea.
a
voi lua pe a ei.
> 1'111 not takIng l11y car today. I \\ til take
hers > rhls dinner \\ as dclICIUllS.
Cina aeeasta a fast delieioasa. Ieri am inceput sa eladim un gradina.
~opron
in
> Yesterday \\ e heuan to hu dd a shed In
the garden.
Nu voi merge eu un autobuz gol.
> I \\ on't go hy an empty bus.
Cand imi vei eauta cainele?
> \\ hen WIll you look for my dog')
Nu pot agata acest tablou.
> ! ClII't hang
El mi-a dat sarea.
> ! Ie rassed me the salt
IhJ~
rlcturc
Spune-mi unde este fratele tau. Nu vor traduce niciodata aceasta carte. EI a spus ca nu va fi
~ofer.
> Till'} \vill ne\el translate thiS hook > He has
Cate unghii are un caine?
- 17-
s~lJd
he \\ on't he a drl\ er.
Iti voi da ccasul mcu.
> I will give you my watch.
Nu vreau sa beau, dar mi-c sete.
> I dOIl't want to drink but I am thirsty.
La
srar~itul
lectiei iata
obi~nuitul
exercitiu de pronuntie. Repetati cuvintele:
[1I]
[ci]
[0: J
[oil
[ail
book
taste
pour
boy
fried
look
plate
floor
boil
bright
put
late
door
good
date
why sky
- 18 -
13. RECAPITU LARE 13.1. Pronumele posesiv
Pronumele posesiv sta de obicei inaintea substantivului: This is my car.
- Aceasta este ma$ina mea.
Our housc is large.
Casa noastra este mare.
Sunt insa ~i situatii in care pronumele posesiv apare singur, ca un pronume propriu $i nu este urmat de substantiv. in acest caz se schimba $i fonna lui. $i se nume$te pronume posesiv propnu: mille > [main] al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale mele yours > [ioJzj al tau, a ta, ai tai, ale tale, alla/ai/ale > [hiz]
his hers its
> [haJz]
> [its] > [auih] > [io:rz]
ours yours theirs
> [Dzc/z]
dumitale, dumneavoastra a1 lui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale a1 ci/sau, a ei/sa, ai ei/sai, ale ei/sale lui, sale, ci (pentru obiecte, notiuni abstracte, animale) - al nostru, a noastra, ai nO$tri, ale noastre - al vostru, a voastra, ai vo~tri, ale voastre -- al/a/ai/ale lor
This book is mine.
- Aceasta cartc este a mea.
These cars are hcrs.
- Aceste ma$ini sunt ale ei.
13.2. Timpul viitor simplu - Simple Future Tense 13.2.1. Acest timp se folose~te astfe I: 1.
Pentru descricrea tuturor aqiunilor, evenimentelor obi$nuite sau unice care se petrec in viitor folosim timpul Simple Futurc.
2.
Fom1area lui este simpla: verbului auxiliar "will" ii adaugam fonna I-a a verbului principal, infinitivul. Structura propozi!iei: Pronume + verbul auxiliar + personal
She
verb principal + fonna a-I-a (infinitiv)
will
come
to you tomorrow.
will
write
a letter today.
Complementele de timp stau la inceputul sau la sfar~itul propozi!iei. Acele eomplemente de timp care in cazul altor timpuri se afla la mijlocul propozitiei, la acest timp trec inaintea verbului principal. 3.
La persoana I-a singular $i plural (,,1, we"), verbul auxiliar "will" ~i "shall" [~EI] se pot folosi in cgala masura.Verbul auxiliar "will" se folosqte insa mai des.
19 -
13.2.2. Intcrogativul Interogativul la timpul Simple Future se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii verbului auxiliar "will" :;;i a pronumelui personal sau a substantivului. She will go to Bucharest - Will she go to Bucharest tomorrow? tomorrow. 13.2.3. Raspunsurile Raspunsul afirmativ se formeaza cu ajutorul cuvantului "yes", a pronumelui personal, :;;i a verbului auxiliar "will". Will they make a bookcase - Yes, they will. tomorrow? Raspunsul negativ se fonneaza cu ajutorul cuvantului "no", a pronumelui personal, a verbului auxiliar "will" :;;i a cuvantului de negatie "not", Constructia "will not" poate fi prescurtata "won't", Structura negativa "will not/won't" poate fi folosita ~i in propozitii complete: - Nu voi imbraca aceasta haina. I won't put on this coat. 13.3. Verbele "say"
~i
"tell"
Ambele verbe au
aceea~i
semnificatie dar se folosesc in contexte diferite:
*say - "a spune, a zice ceva": He said a few words about this novel.
EI a spus diteva cuvinte despre acest roman.
They say we have a nice house.
Ei spun ca avem
0
casa frumoasa.
*tell - "a spune cuiva ceva": (to tell about - "a povesti, a spune") He told me about the book. 13.4. "Hungry"
~i
- Mi-a povestit despre carte.
"thirsty"
Semnificatia propozitiei ,,1 am thirsty": I.
Imi este sete. (necesitate biologica)
2.
Sunt insetat de. Doresc .. , (necesitate sufleteascii)
Semnificatia propozitiei ,,1 am hungry":
13.5
I.
Imi este foame. (necesitate fiziologica)
2.
Am nevoie de (necesitate sufleteasca)
"Only"
~i
"the only"
Semnificatia cuvantului "only" se schimbii in cazul in care este precedat de un articol hotarat. "The only" are semnificatia de "singurul", "unicul". Articolul hotarat .,the" poate fi inlocuit cu un pronume posesiv.
- 20-
::-
13. TEMA. PENTRU ACASA A.
B.
C.
Traduceti propozitiile in limba roman a: I.
I haven't caught your cat but theirs.
2.
Why are you in a hurry?
3
Who will never build a school?
4.
Where won't you go in March?
5.
How many pictures has he hung on the wall in the bedroom?
6.
I am very hungry.
Traduceti propozitiile In limba engleza: 1.
Peste
2.
Miiine nu vom lucra deorecc trebuie sa cumparam ciiteva lucruri.
3.
Poti sa-mi dai furculita aceea?
4.
Nu Ie spune cine a Iacut asta.
5.
Trebuie sa spunem ca noi nu am vazut asta.
6.
Pot sa folosesc mai;)ina ta?
0
saptamana voi merge in Anglia.
Corectati grei;)elile din propozitiile urmatoare: I.
I will be sleep tomorrow.
2.
Have they already translate this letter?
3.
This is my plate and that is your.
4.
She has already leaved for London.
5.
He can't fell in the street.
6.
Mary is my the only sister.
- 21 -
LECTIA 14. - PARTEA INTAI , Sa incepem lectia, ca de obicei, cu invatarea cuvintelor noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie: platform
> [pIEtfoJm]
peron, rampa
glass
> [gla:s]
sticla, pahar
accident
> [Eksidallt]
accidcnt
ashtray
>
hammer
r > [hEma ]
ciocan
vegetables
> [vedjitablz]
legume
key
> [ki:]
chcie
story
> [sto:ri]
povcste, povestire
meat
> [mi:t]
came
news
> [niu:z]
~tiri,
wood
> [lI ud]
padure, !emn
Repetati
ace!ea~i
[E~trci]
scrumiera
I
noutati, vqti
cuvintc, dar intr-o alta ordine:
vegetables
> [vedj itiib lz 1
legume
accident
> [Eksidallt]
accident
news
> [niu:z]
~tiri,
key
> [ki:]
cheie
platform
> [pi Etfo:rm]
hammer
r > [h Ema ]
story
> [sto:ri]
meat
> [mi:t]
came
ashtray
> [E~trci]
scrumicra
wood
> [lI u d]
padurc. lemn
glass
>Igla:s]
sticla, pahar
~22-
-
noutati,
ve~ti
peron, rampa ciocan
- poveste, povestire
lata cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozit ii : > Ibrin tg ) mi: D/EI big
Bring me that big hammer.
Adu-mi ciocanul acela mare!
r
hEl1la ]
Don't forget to take the keys. > [doun! forget tu leik 0
/
[1
Nu uita sa iei cheile!
ki:l]
Ai auzit noutatile?
Have you heard the news? There were many people on the platform.
I
> lDea
D
I
[I
t' II
a:
r
.
melll pi:[1i on
[11 Ett'o:r lll ]
There was an accident in the> [l/e,'{ lin/' an Eksidant street.
in [/;1
st ri:! J
Will you eat meat tomorrow? > Illi] iu: i:t He drank a glass of water.
Il1I'l
l[llllorllll]
> [hi: drEn(~)k [\ glas
ll\
Erau multi oameni pe peron. A fost un accident in strada. Maine vei manca carne?
EI a baut un pahar cu apa.
li II: t[l r]
There is a lot of glass on the floor.
>
[f/ <"[/ iz on 0
/
[I
a no:
lot r
0\
glas
j
Who has told you this story? > [hu: hEI tould iu: [)/is s(o:riJ
We don't have ashtrays at home.
> [lI i : dounl hEv E~trci/' FI
They used good wood to make the chairs.
> [0/ ci iU:l:d gild llud IU
Do you want only vegetables for dinner?
> Idu ill: lI ont ollllii
There are many woods in England.
> [D\~C\r a J I11cni lI udr III
Este 0 multime de stieHi pe podea. Cine ti-a spus aceasta poveste? Nu avem acasa scrumiera.
hOllm] meik DEC! t~e[\rzJ
r
Au folosit lemn bun pentru confeqionarea scaunelor. Vrei doar legume la cina?
r
ved.iit[lblz 1'0: diner ]
inglfllJd]
Sunt multe paduri in Anglia.
"There was an accident in the shed." - 23-
Va mai amintiti cuvintele noi? Daca da, atunci folositi-le in urmatoarele propozitii: Da-i un pahar de lapte!
Give him one > gl~\~~ of milk.
Ciocanul a cazut pe podea.
The> lumll1Cl fell on the floor.
Va fi
It will be a long> S\OJ ~
Ai
poveste lunga.
0
ve~ti
despre accident?
Have you>
.
about the> "celdcnl ?
III \\"
Am pus cheile pe masa.
I have put the> kc y on the table.
la putina came!
Take a little> 111C"t .
Vreau sa locuiesc langa Trenul
pome~te
0
[ want to live next to a> \\ (hld.
padure.
The train leaves from > pl
de pe peronul doi.
\cgct,lhk~
Vara legumele sunt ieftine.
>
Poti sa-mi dai scrumiera?
Can you pass me the >
are cheap in the summer. a~hl! av?
In exercitiul urmator dati corespondentul englezesc al cuvintelor romane~ti: peron
>
p]Jtt~lI
> accldcllt
cheie
>
Kn
ciocan
> h,,111 111 cr
came
>
\~'C,ll
povestire
>
~ t 01 ;-
padure
> \\ ood
lemn
>
\\
~tiri
>
scrumiera
>
,I "IHI d)
poveste
> slon
legume
> \ cgcLlblcs
noutati
>
sticIa
>
accident
~! I d"~
~)~)(J
m
IlC\\ "
Ile\\
s ~i
Urmari{i utilizarea euvantului own [(lllll]. Poale sta atat inaintea substantivului, eal urma lUI, dar in aeest eaz se leaga de el prin prepozitia of. De exemplu: 1 use my own tools.
>
He has his own room.
> [Ill
1 have a garden of my own.
>
[,'I III /
III
Il1dl (lUll ttl
ll[~z
Folosesc uneltele mele proprii.
hlz oun ru 1111
[,II hb :1
ga:1dll 0\
El are camera lui proprie. Am 0 gradina a mea proprie.
1ll,1I
Ollllj
She has a house of her own. > [S! hLI C1
Il
h:t
Ea are
0
casa a ei proprie.
Ollll]
Cele doua strueturi se pot inloeui reeiproe. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii folosind cele doua expresii ale cuvantului "own": Ai biblioteca personala?
> I J <'\ C
\ II
1I : 0 1I:
• l \\
q
'>
Fratele meu are hotelul lui propriu.
> \1\ blOlhcl hll ...
Am avut diinele meu (propriu).
>
1,
'''\ )t~ I :"1 ~IJ 111'
I tl\ " '.Utll
t1t)O!\Llt....,C)
,,,
dug
- 24-
\ l III ()I\
.1
hoo ked Sl'
0
t
11 )
> \1, bn'lhcl has !1l '"
0\\ 11
in
,1
Ih)lll ,)1
0\\ Ii
> \ Iud ,: dog oj
111\ (1\\ 1,
lata ciHeva verbe noi: to help
> [Ill help]
a ajuta
to sell
> [Ill sel]
a vinde
to clean
> rIll kli:n]
a curiita
to find
> [IU faind]
to hurt
> [Ill ha: I]
to switch on
> [tll
S ll·II~
on'J
to switch off
>
s lI.It~
0
- a gasi
I
[III
a rani, a j igni, a durea a aprinde (lumina)
tl
a stinge (lumina)
Cateva dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate. Invatati formele acestora: forma a-I-a
forma a-II-a
forma a-lII-a
sell
> [scI]
sold
> [sould]
sold
> [sould]
find
> [faind]
found
> [faund]
found
> [faund]
hurt
> [ha:rt]
hurt
> lha:!t]
hurt
> [ha:!t]
Sa exersam folosirea verbelor in propozitii. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare pronuntia corecta: She helped me to write this letter last week.
> [~i: helpt mi: Iu rait D/is
leta ' la:sl lI i :k ]
~i
fiti atenti la
M-a ajutat sa scriu aceasta scrisoare sapUimana trecuta.
He wI'11 clean hl's OWll shoes. > [hI'·. lIl'l kl'I:n I' lIZ oun ;;;U:Z J
j ~i va curata pantofii (proprii).
Where did you find the tickets?
> [liCar did ill: faind D/[j
Unde ai gasit biletele?
Last night I hurt my knee.
> [Ia:st nait ai h[j:'"t mai ni:] - Noaptea treeuta mam
tikits]
ranit la genunchi. His arm hurts.
.
I
r
II
> [hlz a: m h{l: IS]
ipease. > [s lI.It~ on 0 7 a tOUSt[1 r . h on th SWltc e toaster,
Pome~te,
te rog, prajitorul
de paine.
pli:z] Did you switch off the lamp > [did iu: slIit~ of yesterday?
doare bratul.
l/a
Ai stins ieri lampa?
tEmp icsU/lki]
They have sold seven cars today.
> [O/ci hEv sou1d
Have you cleaned your room yet?
> [hEv iu: kli:nd
Will you sell your house?
> fUjI iu: sci io:'" haw;]
SC\11
Ei au vandut azi
~apte
ma~ini.
ka:'"z ([Idci] 10:
ru:m
Ti-ai curatat deja camera?
iel]
- 25-
Iti vei vinde casa?
In exercitiul unnator completati propozitiile cu fonna corespunzatoare a verbului: Sora ei i-a ajutat des.
Her sister often> helr,xi them.
£1 tocmai ~i-a ranit incheietura mainii.
He has just> hurt his wrist.
Ai vandut multe carti?
Have you >
Ieri am gasit acest ciocan.
Yesterday I > fOUlld this hammer.
Maria tocmai deschide radioul.
Mary is just> S\\ Itchll1g nil the radio.
Trebuie sa curatam casa pana vineri.
We must> elean the house by Friday.
Inchide televizorul!
> Sv" Itch oft the TV set.
~nld
many books?
Va amintiti desigur cele trei fonne ale verbelor noi. Traduceti unnatoarele verbe in limba engleza, in~irand cele trei forme ale verbelor: a vinde
>lO scll
> sold
>
a rani
>tn hurt
> hurt
> hUI t
a curata
>ro clean
> cJcdllUl
> c lcdlled
a aprinde (lumina)
> to
>
>
a gasi
>to fIlld
> fUllild
> fdUI1d
a ajuta
> to help
> helped
> hel]1cd
a stinge (lumina)
> tl) '\\Itch oC!
>
>
~\\Itch
on
S\\
S\\
ItLhcd on
Itchcd nrl
Acum unneaza ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare old
> [ould I
new
> [Il/U
~i
tJti
~()Id
S\\ I
~\\
tehed Oil
Itched off
atenti la pronuntia corecta: in varsta, vechi, batran
I
nou ~
(\1)
IC\l 11 1n " J
everything
>
everybody
> [('vllbodll
fiecare, toti, toata lumea
clean
> [kl i. n]
curat, neted
nobody
> InoubodJ I
nimeni
nothing
> [naT "In (,,) " ]
nimic
American
> [ClmcIIUn]
american
Exersati
acelea~i
cuvinte
~i
tot, toate
intr-o alta ordine:
everybody
> [c\nbodl]
fiecare, toti, toata lumea
clean
> [kiI·n]
curat, neted
American
> [:lllH.'llkJllJ s
(,)
american
1
nothing
> Illaf Ill"
nobody
> [lloubociIJ
nimeni
new
> [Il/u·l
nou ,S
nimic
(l!)
everything
> [c\rIl In"
tot, toate
old
> [ouldj
in varsta, vechi, batran
- 26-
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii: r
Everybody knows her.
> lc\'ribodi nou/' hfi: ]
There is nothing in the ashtray.
> [Olear iz naT'in(gl in
This is an old magazine.
> [Ozis iz an ould
O/i E~trei]
Toata lumea
0 cunoa~te.
- Nu este nimic in serumiera. Aceasta este veche.
mEgazi:n] He has forgotten everything. > [hi: hEz forgotn cniT'in(g)j
0
revista
EI a uitat totu\.
I have bought a new suit.
> [ai hb ho:t
There was nobody in the room.
> [O/e/ lI oz noubodi in
She is an American.
> hi: iz an {lIl1crikrll1!
Ea este
Are the windows clean?
/ > [ a: r 0 a-
Geamurile sunt curate?
{I
niu: su:t]
Am cumparat un costum nou. Nu era nimeni in camera.
D/a nun]
1I.111
d OUI
Lt\.
I'I:n J
0
americanca.
Legat de complementul circumstantial never, am inviitat deja cii in limba englezii. nu existii negafie dublii. Aceastii regulii este valabita ~i pentru cuvintele nobody, nothing, de exemplu: I saw nobody in the street.
Nu am vazut pe nimeni in strada.
So far he has done nothing.
Pana acum el nu a facut nimic.
in exercitiul urmiitor eompletati propozitiile eu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Cartile noi sunt scumpe.
> New books are expensive.
Nu pot face nimic pentru tine.
I can do > nothing for you.
Cine este acest om batran?
Who is this> old man?
Voi spune asta la toata lumea.
I will tell> c\crybody about it.
Totul este gata.
> !:vcrythint! is ready.
Nu voi ajuta pe nimeni.
I will help> nobody.
Aceste farfurii nu sunt curate.
These plates are not> clean.
Ma~inile
> Amcrican cars are expensive.
americane sunt seumpe.
Traduceti in limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos: Nu pot vorbi cu nimeni.
> I can talk to nobody.
Iti plac cantecele americane?
> Do you like Amcrican songs"
Tocmai am cumparat
0
ma~ina
noua.
Toata lumea vrea sa lucreze in aceasta
> I havc just bought a ~coala.
Ih:W
car.
> Everybody wants tu work in this :>chool.
Trebuie sa vand aceste tablouri vechi.
> I must sell these old pictures.
Camera este curata acum.
> The mum is clean Il(m.
Nimic nu este
u~or.
Iti voi da totul.
> "othlng is casy > I \\ill gl\<:' vou ,,;vc'lything.
- 27-
Retineti ca pronumele everybody ("fiecare, toti, toata lumea") se afla intotdeauna la persoana a-HI-a singular.
in lectiile anterioare amfacut deja cuno~tintii Cll tlmpul Present Continuous, pe care-l tolosim pentru exprimarea actiunitor care se desra~oara in momentul vorbirii. Dacii vrem sii descriem o actiune din trecut, care s-a desta~urat la moment dat sau intr-o anumitii perioada. atunci folosim timpul Past Continuous Tense [pa 'st kontil1luas tCl1s]. Perioda se indicii printr-un complement de timp, sau cu ajutorul unei propozitli la timpul trecut simplu. dar poale reie~i ~l din context. La construirea propozitiei folosim pronumele personal sau substantlvul, forma corespunziitoare de trecut a verbului to be (was/were) ~i verbul principal cu sufixul -ing. Pronumele personal
+
+
verb auxiliar
verb principal -ing
+
I
was
walking
yesterday at five.
They
were
cleaning
their room all day yesterday.
Conjunctia while [lIad] - pe cfmd, in timp ce, se folose?te des eu timpul Past Continuous, ~i exprimii desfii~urarea simultanii a doua actiuni. /~
The sun was shining while we were walking.
> I D a sal1
ail
LI
We were listening to the radio, while our father was reading a newspaper.
> Illi.
L1
LI
I.
aJ
LI
L1~
d.
( ,,)
oz r
,;>:1111111 e-
II
()
kll1
(g) ~
D/a l fa: r/:l
lisnm(g) tu
rciulOu llail L1 0z ri:dll1(g) r niu:zpclpa ]
I aUJ
]
:1
- 28-
Soarele stralulcea in timp ce ne plimbam. Noi ascultam radioul in timp ce tatal nostru citea ziarul.
Nu uitati ca, in casul folosirii sufixului -ing, precum $i a verbelor care nu au forma continua, sunt valabile regulile invatate la timpul Present Continuous, Timpul Past Continuous se folose$te $i atunci eand vrem sa exprimam ea in timpul de,~fasurarii unei ac/iuni a inceput 0 alta ac/iune. Aceasta ac/iune din lfrma se exprima prin timpul Simple Past. I was having dinner when John came.
>[,\1 lim hE\ in(g) dina'
- Cinam dnd a venit John.
lI cn
Alte exemple pentru utilizarea timpului Past Continuous: /
II
The wind was blowing all day yesterday.
> I]) i\
His son was working at six two days ago.
>1111/ ~,111
They were waiting for me from one to three,
> II)
u:l
111<.1
1I
(" I
Vantul a suflat ieri toata
oz blollll1 "
ZlUa.
(kl Ibt:l' dCI]
~Ik~ /
11(l/ lIi\,l
k' !lig) 1-'1
tll: dcu [1t!f)1I] CI
1111:
lI_ r II
a,
,,(12,)
l'ltll1 ~
from [\lln
III
I'll:
r
In urma cu doua zile fiul sau lucra la ~ase. M-au trei.
T'n: I
a~teptat
de la unu la
rar acum sa exersam timpul trecutul cantinuu. Traduceti in limba engleza propozitiile urmatoare: leri la ora cinci am scris
0
scrisoare.
> ·\1
Soarele a stralucit ieri toata ziua.
> fhl
in timp ce am Iaceam curat copiii mei stateau in griidina.
> \\'!lIk I
In timp ce conduceam ma~ina, am vazut-o pe sora mea pe strada.
> \\
Ploua dnd m-am trezit.
> \\ l1c:n I
Am cautat aceasta carte de la cinci la
~ase.
1\'\', \1
lltlng d k'ttL'r
~lln \\d~ ~!J,nln~' .Iii d,l) )CSICltIJ), I\,I~ I i,,1:11:1:~
11\
chlldrcn
1:1
111,_' "llc·:t L',I! Iii' It \\d~ 1-II'Jlng,
\\:h Il'(,klnL Illi \!'I' !w'lk
'~i
\ICIT
il'!l- I ".Is ,1",\ Ill)! i1;,.. ,dr I S\I\\ 111\
~"te:!
> I
I
fl\l' \,',kllL"
In'l11 11\
l'
{(1
'>
lnterogativul la timpu! Past Continuous se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii subieetului $i a verbului auxiliar. in cazul intrebarilor complexe. inaintea verbului auxiliar se pune un pronume interogativ:
Were you walking in the park at three yesterday?
- Te plimbai in parc ieri la trei?
Was he drinking beer when you saw him?
£1 ea bere dnd l-ai vazut?
Where was he going when I came?
Unde mergea cand am venit eu?
Riispunsurile afirmative se formeaza eu ajl/toru! cuvantu!ui yes, a pronumelui personal $i a verbului auxiliar. La formu!area nega/iei folosim cuvantul no, pronumele personal, verbul auxiliar was/were $i cuvantu! de nega(ie not (jorma prescurtata: wasn't, weren't).
Was he driving home at six yesterday?
Yes, he was.
No, he was not. No, he wasn't.
Were they doing it all day yesterday?
Yes, they were.
No, they were not. No, they weren't.
- 29-
Structura negativa se folose$te 'Ii in propozi{ii intregi' They weren't cleaning the house at seven last Monday.
> [D/el Ua.f nt kJi nln(g)
Ei nu curalau easa lunea treeuta la ~apte.
D/a hallS Et se\ n la.st
mandel] She wasn't writing when I came into the room.
>
[~I:
U
oznt rallm
(l.!) ~
U
en al
Ea nu scria cand am venit in camera.
kelm intll D"a rll.m]
Acum tradueeti urmiHoarele propozilii in limba engleza: Trenul a plecat la clnci de pc peronul trei.
> At five the tialll \\as Iem IIlg hom pldt-
form three. > I \\ as lookmg for the keys all day
Toata ziua am cautati eri cheile.
yesterday. > Whdt \\ere yOU dOlllg thiS time
Ce Iaceai leri la aceasta ora?
yesteludy"! Cand am fost la Bucurqti, a nins tot timpul.
> \\ hell I was ill Bucharest It \\ dS snowing
all the tnne Mama mea gatea clna cand am intrat in casa.
> My mother lIas cookmg the dinnel \Ihen
Unde te-ai dus ieri la noua?
> Vv here \\ ere you gOlllg at I1me yesterday?
Noi curatam camera in timp ce tata lucra in griidina.
> We
I el1tered the house.
\1 el e c1eanll1g the room \\,lS \\orklllg 111 the garden
1\
h lie father
Ma doare spatele. > Will you buy me thiS watch'?
Imi vei cumpara acest ceas? Vreau sa am
0 ma~ina
> I \Iant
electnca.
h,1\C
,111
clectnc car
> I'm 110t hUllgl) but \Ci\ t!lust\
Nu mi-e foame, insa ml-e foarte sete Cand sunt oboslt merg intotdeauna la plimbare scurta.
til
0
Ieri dimineata lucrau doar zece oameni.
> Whell 1 am tlfed I ah\ a) s go fiJr a short
\\ alk. > Yesterday llJl1ll1l1lg only ten people wcrc
worklllg. Petre este singurul barbat din familia noastn1.
> Peter
len seara inca mal construiau casa.
> Yesterday e\elllllg the) I\Cle stlil
IS
the ollly man
III OUI
lamliy
buildlllg the house floll :ue yOll feeling today'?
Cum te simti azi?
>
Cand a fost acest aCCident?
> What time \I,h thiS aCCident"
La opt vom asculta
~tirile.
Ajuta-ma sa gasesc cheile.
>
We \\ III listen to the ne\\'" at cight
> Help me to find the keys.
- 30 -
Vom merge la magazin legume.
~i
yom cumpara
> We will go to the shop and buy
vegelables.
Mi-a spus povestea vietii lui.
> Hc told me the story of his life.
Pe care peron este trenul nostru?
> At which platform is Ullr train')
Toata ziua nc-am plimbat ieri in padure.
> Wc were walking in the wood all day
yesterday.
Am vfmdut deja
0
suta de pahare.
> We have already suld a hundred glasses.
Nimeni nu vrea sa vorbeascii cu tine.
> Nobody wants to lalk with ynu.
Am spus deja totuI.
> I have already said everything.
hi plac ma~inile americane?
> Do you like .'\Il1Crlcan cal's')
Nu am nimic.
> I have nUlhint'.
Ce Iaceai cand te-am viizut in geam?
> What were you duing when I sa\\ vou in
the window')
lata exercitiul pentru exersarea pronuntiei in limba engleza! Repeta!i cuvintcle:
U1:
I
[i:]
[ou}
[~Ii 1
hurt
clean
toaster
find
bird
been
go
smile
work
green
know
kind
church
seen
own
I
]
- 31 -
LECTIA 14. - PARTEA A DODA , Cititi cu atentie dialogul unniHor. Repetati acest exercitlU pfma va convingeti de faptul ca v-ati insu~it pe deplin pronuntia ~i intonatia. Cuvintele ~i si labele accentuate sunt tiparite cu Iitere ingro~ate.
Peter: Mary: Peter: Mary: Peter:
I saw an accident yesterday. Was it in Station Street? Yes, it was. I was buying vegetables when I saw it. How many people were hurt? Ten people hurt their arms and legs. The doctors took these people to the hospital.
Barbara: Tom: Barbara: Tom: Barbara: Tom: Barbara:
I heard sad news yesterday. What was it about? It was about a man who left his wife and children and went to America. What did he do in America? There he began to build a house but he didn't have money. And what was the sad news? He hurt his fingers when he used a hammer.
John: Mary: John:
I bought an old car last week. Why did you buy an old car? Because I didn't have much money, and I have never had a car of my own.
Barbara: Peter: Barbara: Peter: Barbara: Peter: Barbara: Peter: Barbara:
Do you have eggs for breakfast? I usually don't have eggs for breakfast. What do you want for breakfast then? I want toasts and butter. Do you like salt on your toast? No, thank you. Salt makes me thirsty and it is not good for me. Your toast will be ready in a minute. I use my electric toaster. Put the napkins near the plates. Yes, I do it that way. But don't eat III a hurry. It's not good.
Mary: John: Mary: John: Mary: John: Mary: John: Mary: John:
John, what have you done all day today? I have been at work today and now I am thirsty. Why? Haven't you drunk all day today? Yes, I have, but I am always thirsty after a long day of work. What do you want to drink. I want to have a glass of beer. Do you want your beer in a tall glass? Yes, please. I like tall glasses. And then do you want to listen to the radio? No. This evening I want to go to the cinema together with you.
- 32-
Jar acum sa exersam materialul invatat in cele doua lectii. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: Trebuie sa cumparam farfurii noi. Vei manca oua dejun?
~i
~i
farfurioare
paine prajita la micul
> We Illust buv new plates and sauccrs.
> Will you cal eggs and break 1~lst')
tO~IS\S
fiJr
Ai curatat deja gratarul pentru prajit paine?
> Ila\'c: vou ckanecl the toaster yet"
Tatal tau are mai multi bani decat al meu.
> Your 1:lther has more money than mine,
Camea prajita este adesea unsuroasa.
> Fried meat is oneil faL
Nu face asta in graba.
> DOll't do it in a hurry,
Ei nu ne vor ajuta.
> They WOll't help we.
Vei vorbi surorii tale despre acest om?
> Will you tell your sister about this mall"
Parintii mei tocmai pleaca la Londra.
> My parents have just left for London,
Maine nu voi traduce multe scrisori.
> I won'! translate many Idters tomorrow,
Poti sa-mi tomi
0 cea~ca
de cafea?
> Can you pour mc a cup of eofte"
Miercurea trecuta au agatat toata ziua tablouri in dormitor.
> Last WedJ1l'sday the'y were hanging
Vrei sa spui ca nu ai citit aceasta carte?
> Do you want to
pictures in the bedroom all day, S~IY VOLI hal
Cl1,t read
this hook')
Unde pot gasi acest gratar pentru prajit paine?
> \Vhcrc call I find this toaster')
Unicul lor copil tocmai a plecat in Anglia.
> Their only child has just Idt for England,
Aceasta paine prajita este a ta?
> Is this toast yours')
Ma grabesc deoarece la cinci trebuie sa fiu acasa.
> I alll in a hurry bccluse 1 must be at hl)l11l' at !I\ e,
Yom face totdeauna mobila buna.
> Wl' \\ ill
Cand cautam ciocanul am gasit aceasta scrisoare veche.
> When I was look ing for the hammer I
Nu-mi vorbi despre acest om.
> Don't tell me about this man.
Unde vei duce copiii anul viitor?
> Where will you tilke the c:hildren Ilex\
~JiI\il\S
make good furniture,
found this old letter.
year"
Ieri la noua au plecat in Anglia.
>
Yesterd~IY
EIl,!!land,
Spune ca nu
e~ti
obosit.
Nimeni nu mi-a spus despre asta.
- 33 -
at
11 i 111'
th,'\ II ell' leal ill,!! f()r
14. RECAPITULARE 14.1. "My own/of my own" Cuvfmtu1 "own" !, 'lIll; poate figura in doua expresii. Sta inainte sau dupa un substantiv, impreuna cu pronumele posesiv. Dacii sta dupa substantiv, atunci se leaga de acesta cu prepozitia "of'. De exemp1u: I use my own tools.
Fo1osesc propriile instrumente.
He has his own room.
El are camera proprie.
I have a garden of my own.
Am
She has a house of her own.
Ea are
0
griidina proprie. (Am gradiuamea.) 0
casa proprie.
Ce1e doua expresii se pot inlocui reciproc. 14.2. Alaturi de pronume1e "nobody" ~i "nothing" nu se folose~te alta negatie. In limba engleza nu exista negatie dubla. 1 saw nobody in the street.
Nu am vazut pe nimeni in starda.
So far he has done nothing.
Pana acum e1 nu a Iacut nimic.
14.3. Pronumele "everybody" ("fiecare, toti, toata lumea") se afla intotdeauna la persoana a III-a singular. Everybody wants some tea.
- Toata lumea vrea putin ceai.
14.4. Timpu1 trecut continuu - The Past Continuous Tense 14.4.1. Utilizarea timpu1ui: Acest timp se folose~te pentru descrierea actiunilor care s-au anumit moment sau intr-o anumita perioada din trecut.
desIa~urat
intr-un
14.4.2. Structura propozitiei:
+ ...
verb auxiliar +
verb principal + -ing
I
was
walking
yesterday at five.
They
were
cleaning
theIr rooms all day yesterday.
Pronume personal
+
14.4.3. Conjunetia "while" [lI aI! J- "pe cand, in timp ce" se folose~te des cu timpu1 Past Continuous ~i exprima faptul ca doua actiuni se desIa~oara in acela~i timp: We were listening to the radio Noi ascultam radioul in timp ce tatal while our father was reading a nostru citea ziarul. newspaper. 14.4.4. De asemenea timpul Past Continuous se folose~te ~i atunci dnd 0 actiune din trecut a fost intrerupta de 0 alta actiune. (Aceasta ultima actiune este 1a timpu1 Simple Past). I was having dinner when John - Cinam dnd a venit John. came.
- 34-
14.4.5. Propozitii interogative
~i
raspunsurile la acestea.
1.
Propozitiile interogative la timpul Past Continuous se fonneaza prin inversarea ordinii subiectului ~i a verbului auxiliar. In cazul 'intrebarilor eomplexe 'inaintea verbului auxiliar se gase~te un pronume interogativ. Te plimbati in pare ieri la trei? Were you walking in the park at three yesterday? Where was he going when I came? - Unde mergea dnd am venit eu?
2.
Raspunsurile afinnative se fonneaza cu ajutorul cuvantului "yes", al pronumelui personal ~i a verbului auxiliar "was/were". La formularea raspunsului negativ folosim cuvantul de negatie "no", pronumele personal, verbul auxiliar "was/were" ~i cuvantul "not". ("was/were not" se poate prescurta astfel "wasn't" ~i "weren't".)
3.
Was he driving home at six yesterday? - Yes, he was.
- No, he wasn't.
Were they doing it all day yesterday? - Yes they were.
- No, they weren't.
Structura negativa 0 putem folosi They weren't cleaning the house at seven last Monday.
~i
in propozitii complete: Ei nu au curatat casa lunea trecuta la
- 35-
~apte.
14. TEMA PENTRU ACASA A
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana: My train is at platform seven.
B.
C.
2.
It will be a house of my own.
3.
I will tell nobody about this accident.
4.
While they were buying vegetables Peter was looking for the keys.
5.
Will you help me to clean the house?
6.
He has just found his old purse.
Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: ~i
1.
Cand taiam paine mi-am taiat
2.
Nu voi merge la
3.
Pentru el nimic nu este greu.
4.
Aici totul este al tau.
5.
In timp ce
6.
Vreau sa am un apartament al meu.
Corectati
0
gre~elile
degetul.
Bucure~ti.
ajutam sa traduca aceasta scrisoare copiii mei se plimbau in gradina.
din propozitiile de mai jos:
I.
She willn't visit her old mother today.
2.
I didn't see nobody in the square.
3.
They want to have a big house of my own.
4.
I looked for my book all day yesterday.
5.
Have you already selled that new watch?
6.
I will give you every thing.
- 36-
LISTA VERBELOR NEREGULATE DIN LECTIILE 13. SI 14. forma I-a
forma a II-a
forma a -III-a
begin
> [bigin]
began
> [bigEn]
begun
> fbigan]
build
>[bild]
built
> [bilt]
built
> [bilt]
catch
> [kEt';;]
caught
> [ko:t]
caught
> [ko:tJ
fall
> [to:11
fell
> [fell
fallen
> [fo:lnj
feel
> [11:1]
felt
> Ifelt]
felt
> [felt]
find
> [faindJ
found
> [faund]
found
> [t:lUnd I
hang
> [hEn
hurt
l
(,,)
In)
hung
> [han =,]
hung
> [han
> [ha:"]
hurt
> [ha:'t]
hurt
> [ha:'t]
leave
> [Ii:v]
left
> [lcrt]
left
> [lcrt]
sell
> [sci]
sold
> [sollld]
sold
> [s(\LildJ
tell
> [tel]
told
> [touJd]
told
> [tould]
!!)]
- 37 -
~
]
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 13.
Sf 14.
accident
> [Ebidiint]
accldcnt
American
> [amCl lkim]
amencan
t
arm
> [a. 111]
brat
ashtray
> [E~tleIJ
scrumiera
back
> [bH]
spate, spmare
to begin
> [tu hlginl
d
belly
>
to boil
> [tu boil]
a fierbe, a clocotl
to build
> [tu bJld]
a cladl, a construi
to catch
> itu Hh]
a prinde, a apuca
chest
>
clean
> [k II :n]
curat ingrIJ it
to clean
> [tu kll n]
a curata
delicious
> [ d!li~{b]
delIcios, say uros
egg
.>
egg-cup
> leg: kap]
pahar pentru oua
elba\'..
> [c1 bou I
cot
electric
>
empty
> iem})t!i
everybody
> I c'vllbdllI;
! bc I! I
incepe, a sc apuca de
burta, stomac
It?e~t]
plept
[eg: I
au
! llektllk!
electne gal, neoeupat, hbel
s
fiecare, toti. toata 1umea
(»
everything
>
to fall
> Itu 1'0'1]
a C{idea, a
fat
> I1'r t]
gras, unsuros
to feel
> [tu fl:l]
a sllnti
to find
> [tu fallld]
a gasi
finger
> [fing/j
deoet b
fork
'>
fried
> [frald]
prajjt, fhpt
glass
> [gla's]
stlela, pahar
hammer
> [hEmarJ
cioean
to hang
> [IU h F n(g)J
a atama, a 19a1a
to help
> [tu help j
a
his
> [ill/ j
al IUI;s{lU:
[C\
[fa
rlT
tot toate(Jucrurile)
III "" ]
\1
~e prabu~l
furclilita
~l)lItd
IUI;~:"ll:
Ihill/ I
al
~
1111 sa;
aI
ale lUI sale
ei/~iill:
a elisa:
el'sal:
hers
'>
hungry
> [hangn I
flamfl11d. infometat
in a hurry
> lin il han I
in grabiL la repezeala
dJ
ale eiisdle
- 38 -
to be
111
a hurry
>
Itu bl: ~
a hanl
111
r
to hurt
>
I tll !la. t]
its
>
[its]
a se grabl, a-I da zor a rani, a lovi, a jigni lui, sal.::, ei (pentru obieete, notiuni abstracte, animalc)
key
>
[kl: J
cheie
knee
>
[ni: I
genunchi
to leave
>
111I 11 \
I
a parasi, a pleca, a pleca la ..
to
leave for
>
rt 1I I] \
l·u.
l
]
a lasa (ceva pentru). a se mula de 13 ., .Ia. a schimba ... eu
meat
>
[ml Ii
carne
mIne
>
IIlUIll J
al meu, a mea, al mei, ale
nail
>
[ne"]
unghie
napkin
>
[nEpkin]
~ervcteL ~ervet
new
>
[niu:]
nOli
news
>
[niu:zl
~tire,
mele
~tiri,
noutate, veste sau noutati, vqti
nilTIe11l
>
[1l11llh,di I
nothing
>
'
[naT In "
old
>
[ould]
in viirsta, v~chi( e), batriin
only
>
[OUIl!] ]
numai, doar
the only
>
[P/IOlll1lt]
singuruL unieul
ours
>
: '1lI,~\ I L]
al nostru, a noastra, ai
nobody
(u)
I
I1lITIIC
no~tri,
own
>
[tHIIl]
to pass
>
Ilu
plate
>
[plcit]
ale noastre
propriu. personal
I
p,LS
a pasa. a da farfurie
>
I plElro:
r
to pour
>
[tu
I
I
salt
>
1st): 11 j
sarc (de bU;::iHarie)
salt-cellar
>
[~O It ~elj'!
solnila
saucer
>
I ~O
platform
pll.
III
I
peron, rampa a tuma, a varsa
~~\I j
farfurioara, suport pcntru pahar
to sell
>
[tll scI]
a \ inde. a desface
shall
>
hl:l]
verb auxJlwr pentru fonnarea viitorului la p~'rsoana
plural shoulders
>
hOllld:!
spoon
>
I,pu n I
I I
I
umcri lingura
- 39
1-,] singular
:~i
story
>
I~to
sweet
>
I ~ 1I, II
rI]
povestire, relatare dulce
1I
to switch on
> [tu " Ib on]
to switch off
> IlU s It~ on
a stinge (lumina), a scoate din (functione un aparat electric)
to taste
> Itu tClstl
a gusta
to tell
> [tu tcl]
a spune
theirs
> [D/dz]
alia/ai/ale lor
thirsty
> [Tsa \tl]
insetat
tired
> [taliI1d]
obosit, ostenit
toast
> [toust]
paine prajita
toaster
> [tollsta r]
gratar pentru prajit piiinea
toe
> [tOll]
deget de la picior
to translate
> [t II trr nslelt 1
a traduce
to use
> [t II
vegetables
> [\ Cdjlt{lb,/]
a aprinde (lumina), a pune in (functione un aparat electric)
1I
III
III
/1
legume
>
i
pe ciind, in timp ce
wood
> [dud!
padure, codru, lemn
will
> [l'il1
verb auxiliar pentru forrnarea viitorului
wrist
> IrIst]
wrist-watch yours
> [rIst >
[10'
1
~
a folosi, a utiliza, a intrebuinta
while
I
•
incheietura mainii 1I
ot~1
ceas de mii::la
z]
al tau, a ta, ai tai, ale tale, alia/ai/ale dumitale sau dumneavoastra, al vostru, a voastra, ai vo~tri, ale voastre
- 40-
•
...,
RECAPITULARE 1.
Folosirea sufixului -ing: a.
Se elimina -e-ul mut de la
sIar~itul
cuvantului:
come - coming b.
Verbele formate dintr-o singura silaba dubleaza consoana finala: stop - stopping Aceasta regula este valabila ultima silaba este accentuata
~i ~i
in cazul verbelor formate din mai multe silabe, daca consoana finala este precedata de 0 vocala:
forget - forgetting
2.
Adaugarea sufixelor -s a.
~i
es la substantive
~i
la verbe:
SubstantiveIe sau verbele care se termina in -ss, -ch, -sh, -x, -0 primesc terminatia -es: watch - watches teach - teaches go - goes
b.
Litera -y in pozitie final a, precedata de 0 vocala, se transforma in -i, iar apoi se adauga terminatia -es: city - cities try - tries
" " PARTEA INTAI
LECTIA 15 ,
Sa incepem lectia cu cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu atentie: bill
> [bil]
- bancnota, factura, nota de plata
change
> lt~eindj]
- schimbare, schimb valutar, (bani) marunt (marunti)
library
> [laibrari]
- biblioteca
colour
> [kala']
- culoare
fruit
> [fj'u:t]
- fruct
neighbour
> [neiba r ]
- veCln
pear
> [pear]
- para
grape
> [grcip]
- strugure
orange
> [orindj]
- portocala
break
> [breik]
- pauza
grass
> [gra:s]
- iarba
food
> [fu:d]
- mancare, hrana
another
>
- altul, alta
[~lI1aD7 il']
Repetati cuvintele intr-o alta ordine: fruit
> [fru:t]
- fruct
grape
> [greip]
- strugure
grass
> [gra:s]
- iarba
bill
> [bil]
- bancnota, factura, nota de plata
another
> l anaD'a r]
- altul, alta
library
> [Iaibrari]
- biblioteca
colour
> [kala r]
- culoare
break
> [breik]
- pauza
food
> [fu:d]
- mancare
orange
> [orindj]
- portocala
pear
> [peil r]
- para
neighbour
> [neibarJ
- vecin
change
> [tseindj]
- schimbare, schimb valutar, (bani) marunt (marunti)
2
Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-le cu atentie: We buy food every day.
> ["I: bai fll'd rvn dC/]
The weather is changing.
- Noi cumparam zilnic mancare. - Vremea se schimba.
Now we must pay the bill.
> [nau "I: mast PCI D/a btl]
- Acum trebuie sa piatim factura.
What colour were her eyes?
> ["ot kala' "a:' ha:' ,liZ]
- Ce c'uloare aveau ochii ei?
We've had only one break so far.
> ["I.\ hEd aunli "an brelk sau fa:']
- Pana acum am avut singura pauza.
Have you seen your new neighbours yet?
> [hEv Ill: sl:n nC/ba'z ICt]
- I-ai vazut deja pe noii uli vecini?
There is grass in our garden.
> [IYca' iz gra:s in alia' ga:'dn] - In gradina noastra este iarba.
Take thIs book from the library.
> [kik IYlS buk from IYa lalbran]
- Ia cartea aceasta de la biblioteca.
I must buy another suit.
> [at mast bal ,lI1aIYa' su:t]
- Trebuie sa cumpar un alt costum.
These grapes are delicious.
> [IYI.Z grelps a:'
Taste one of these oranges.
> I h~ls\ ",m av [Yl'Z onndjlz]
- Gusta una din aceste portocale.
They eat a lot of fruit.
> [IYel I.t a lot a\ fnl'l]
- Ei mananca multe fructe.
Where can I buy pears?
> [" ea ' kh1 at bal pca'z]
- De unde pot sa cumpar pere?
10:'
3
nlll:
dI1i~as]
- Strugurii
0
ace~tia sunt delicio~i.
Completati propozitlile in limba engleza cu noile cuvinte: Ai facturi de platit?
- Do you have> bIlls to pay?
Am vandut toate fructele.
- We have sold all the> fruits.
Sunt scumpe portocalele?
- Are> Of anges expensive?
Ieri am uitat sa cumpar mancare.
- I forgot to buy> food yesterday.
Nu-mi plac aceste schimbari.
- I don't like these> changes.
Pe atunci aveam vecini amabili.
- We had nice> neighbours then.
Pe masa sunt mere
~i
pere.
- There are apples and> pears on the table
Aceasta pauza este prea lunga.
- This> break is too long.
~tii
- Do you know where this> library is?
unde este aceasta biblioteca?
Vrei sa cumperi doar struguri?
- Do you want to buy only> grapes?
Toamna iarba este galbena.
- > G I ass is yellow in the autumn.
Ce culoare au ochii ei?
- What> colour are her eyes?
Da-mi alta carte.
- Give me > another book.
Sa vedem in ce masura v-ati insu~it cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza: biblioteca
> Ilbl
iarba
>
pauza
> hlcJk
fruct
> (llill
mfmcare
>
altul, alta
> anothcr
vecm
> nClghhour
culoare
> colour
schimbare
> changc
para
> pcar
portocala
>
chitanta
> hill
strugure
> grJpc
gIl.lS~
(Dud
OJ
~
Adjective/e ~i adverbe/e formate dintr-o singurd silabd primesc sujixu/ -er /a comparativ, respectiv -est /a super/ativ: nice
llIcer
> [n]
>
- amabil
- mai amabil
[llal\.1
.:.:.
the nicest >
j
l [Y.I nalsastj
- cel mai amabil
4
~
....
"
Partea de gramaticd a acestei /ectii se referd /a grade/e de comparatie ale adjective/or ,~i adverbelor: 1.
. ',.
.:
.....
2.
3.
4.
Adjectivele $i adverbele care se terminii in -e mut, VOl' piel'de acest -e la adiiugarea terminariei -er sau -est: Nu uitari: in limba englezii. inaintea superlativului se pune intotdeauna articolul hotiirat the: tall
taller
the tallest
>[10.1]
> [lo.la']
- inalt
- mai inalt
- cel mai inalt
short
shorter
the shortest
>[ ~ort]
>
> [[)fa ~o:Jlast]
- scund
- mai scund
[~o:'(a']
- cel mai scund
in cadrul recapituliirii v-am reamintit regula potrivit ciil'eia consoana jinalii a verbului se dubleazii in cazul adiiugiirii unui sujix. Aceastii regulii este va/abilii ~i in cazul adjectivelor: big
bigger
the biggest
>[ big]
> [biga']
> [IYa bigast]
-mare
- mai mare
- cel mai mare
in cazul adjectivelor $i adverbelor compuse din dOlla sau mai multe silabe care se terminii in y, litera jinalii se transfol'mii in i la adiiugarea sujixelor -er sau -est: windy
windier
the windiest
>[ lljl1lh J
> ["indla']
> [lYa lljmlJast]
- vantos
- mai vantos
- eel mai vantos
in cazul adjectivelor la gradul comparativ se folose~te adesea cuvantul than [IYf-nJ - ca ~i, decat.
Cititi eu atentie propozitiile urmatoare, care contin adjective ~i adverbe la diferite grade de eomparatie: lOH(~)ga'
My trousers are longer than yours.
> [mal hUllZa'l: a I
This is the cheapest car in our shop.
>[D/1S \/ [Ya
ka:'
- Aceasta este cea mai ieftina ma~ina din magazinul nostru.
Our neighbours are poorer than we are.
>[alla' He/ba J ; a:' pu:ara'
- Vecinii no~tri sunt mai saraci decat noi.
Today you have come earlier than ever.
> [lade/ ill
DTn o/:'z]
111
alia'
[YEn
[YEn
tsi:P~ht
~op]
ilL
a"] h[~\'
kam i)IlJa'
e\~I'J
5
- Pantalonii mei sunt mai lungi decat ai tai.
- Azi ai venit mai devreme ca niciodata.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu adjectivele Fratele meu are cea mai rapida din ora~.
ma~ina
~i
adverbele corespunzatoare:
- My brother has> the fastest car in town.
Aceasta femeie este mai puternica decat doi barbati.
- This woman is > stronger than two men.
Vreau sa fiu cel mai bogat om din Romania.
- I want to be >the nchest man in Romania.
Tatal nostru este cel mai ocupat om.
- Our father is >the busiest man.
Este mai rece astazi decat ieri?
- Is it >coldertoday than yesterday?
Cine este mai inalt decat tatal meu?
- Who is >taller than my father?
Sa vedem in ce masura v-ati
insu~it
cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza:
glad
> [glEd]
- bucuros
sad
> [sEd]
- trist
beautiful
> [blU.td'il1]
- frumos, minunat
ugly
> [agll]
- urat, pocit
small
> [smo:l]
- mie
fresh
>
during
> [dlUann lg )]
- proaspat
[fre~]
- in timp ce
Reluati cuvintele intr-o alta ordine: beautiful
> [blU:tlfll1]
- frumos, minunat
small
> [smo:l]
- mle
during
> [dlUann lg )]
- in timp ce
sad
>[sEd]
- trist
fresh
> [fres]
- proaspat
glad
>[gIEd]
- bucuros
ugly
> [agh]
- urat, pocit
Iar aeum sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-Ie eu voce tare: a:rblU.tlt~l1]
These flowers are beautiful.
> [O/I.Z flaua'z
Why were you sad yesterday?
> [Ualua:' IU: sEd Icsta'dcI]
- De ee ai fost trist ieri?
We worked during the night.
> [ui. Ua:Tkt dlUarin lg ) D/a nalt]
- Noi am luerat in timpuI noptii.
This is our small house.
> [OIlS iz au a' smo: 1haus]
- Aeeasta este mica noastra easuta.
Are these vegetables fresh?
> [a:' 0/J:Z vcdJ Itablz fre~]
- Sunt proaspete legumele aeestea?
6
- Aceste flori sunt frumoase.
I am glad you are ready.
>[ai Em glEd IU: a" redt]
- Ma bucur cit
e~ti
This is an ugly building.
>[fYIs lZ an aglr bildll1(SI]
- Aceasta este
0
gata.
cHidire urata.
Completati propozitiile In limba engleza: Imi plac fructele proaspete.
- I like >fresh fruit.
Ce-ai facut in timpul pauzei?
- What did you do ::oduring the break?
Ma~ina
- His car is >ugly.
lui este urata.
- He was very >glad I was there.
El a fost foarte bucuros ca eu am fost acolo. De cl'
l'~ti
- Why are you >sad?
tnst?
Aceasta l'ste
- This is a >beautJii.d picture.
pictura frumoasa.
0
Aeeasta loeuinta este prea mica pentru familia mea.
- This apartment is too >Sma II for our family.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza: Merele acestea sunt proaspete?
> Arc these apples Jlesh'l
Am maneat in pauza.
> 1 ate dUring the break.
Aeeasta a fast ziua eea mai trista a saptamiinii.
> It's heen the saddest
Casa aceasta frumoasa este a lor?
> Is thIS beautJilil hou:,c theIrs')
Ma~ina
>
ta l'ste mai urata decat a mea.
YOLJI
car
IS
ttl\'
uglIer than
of thIS week
111111C.
Sa ne intoarcem la gradele de comparatie all' adjectivului ~i adverbului . Exista un grup de adjective adverbe care formeaza gradele de comparatie In mod neregulat. De exemplu:
~i
Gradul pozitiv:
Gradul comparativ:
Gradul superlativ:
manY>[lllenIJ much > [Illats] - mult
more >[lllo.'J - mai mult
the most > [ D' a maust] - eel mai mult
little > [I itl] - putin
less >[lcs] - mai putin
the least > [D/a II :st] - eel mai putin
bad >[ bEd] - rau - prost
worse >["a:'sJ - mal rim - mai prost, proasta
the worst >llYa "a:'st] - eel mal rau - eel mai prost, proasta
good > l gud] - bun
better > l beta'] - mai bun
the best >[rYa hest] - eel mai bun
Daea little este folosit In sensu1 de mic, la comparativ ~i superlativ se folosese fonnell' adjl'c1Ivului small, adiea: smaller, the smallest.
7
Urmariti exemplele de mai jos: [~I,
hEz mo:' man I [YEn ml:] - Ea are mai multi bani dedit mine.
She has more money than me.
>
Buy less bread than yesterday.
> [bal les bl eel IYF 11 lesta'c1el]
- Cumpara mai putina paine decat ieri.
Our lunch was better than hers.
> I aucl' lants "az beta'
- Pranzul nostru a fost mai bun decat al ei.
This radio is worse but cheaper.
> I [YIS I en!lau
My sister has the most trees in the garden.
> [mal sista' hLz lYa maust
They have the least coffee.
>[lYel hh [Ya h:st kofl]
- Ei au cea mai putina cafea.
Those were the best days of my life.
> [lYauz "a ' J)/a hest dClz a\ mal lalfJ
- Acelea au fost cele mai frumoase zile din viata mea.
We have bought the worst house in this street.
>["1 hL\ ho:t lYa "a:'st haus in [YIS str i t J
- Noi am cumparat cea mai proasta casa de pe aceasta strada.
J)/f~n
ha:'/] IZ
"a:'s bat
t~i'pcl' J
tII'Z m lYa ga,'dan]
- Acest radio este mai prost, dar mai ieftin. - Sora mea are cei mai multi pomi in gradina.
Daca prepozitia than este urmata de un pronume personal, acesta este la cazul acuzativ (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them).
~i
Verificati daca ati retinut cele invatate despre gradeIe de comparatie ale adjectivului Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: Eu cumpar intotdeauna cei mai buni struguri.
> I ah\ ays buy the best gl apes,
Maine yin mai devreme la tine.
> ron WI I OJ \\ I \\ J!! cOllle to \ ou
Vrei sa cumperi 0
ma~ina
adverbului.
c~lllJer.
> Do you \\ clnt to buy a hlgger car')
mai mare?
Pauzele trebuie sa fie mai lungi.
> HI celL must be !ongel
Ei sunt cei mai rai vecini.
> They all' the \\ Olst nClghbollls,
Am cumparat mai putine fructe decat ieri.
> I hcl\e bought less Jiult them yestelc1ay.
Da-mi 0 para mai mica.
> (; 1\ e me a sma] icr pear.
Aceasta este cea mai trista veste de azi.
> 'I hIS IS the sclddest ne\\ s today,
Fratele tau este mai inalt decat tine?
> Is your hrothel tallel than :ou')
Aceasta este cea mai urata culoare.
> I hiS IS the uglIest colour.
Daca adjectivulla gradul superlativ este precedat de un pronume posesiv, articolul hotarat the se elimina: It is the best car.
- It is my best car.
8
Unnarili cu atentie cuvintele ~i expresiile noi din proPoziliile unnatoare, scrise cu caractere ingro~ate: This is the best song I have ever heard.
> [D/ls
My daughter is the shortest of all her friends.
> [mal do:ta' IZ D/a so:'tast '1\ 0.1 h<1:' fi'endz]
- Dintre toti prietenii ei, fiica mea este cea mai scunda.
This is the longest letter I have ever written.
> l D/ls
- Aceasta este cea mai lunga scnsoare pe care am scris-o vreodatii.
This is the fastest bicycle of all.
> [D/b
IZ
D/a best
- Acesta este cel mai bun cantec pe care I-am auzit vreodatii.
son(~)
al hEv eva' ha.'d]
IZ
[Ya
lon(~Jgast lcta'
al hLv c\ a' ritn]
IZ
- Aceasta este cea mai rapida bicicleta dintre toate.
D/a fa:stast
balslkl av 0:1]
Traduceli unnatoarele propozilii in limba engleza folosind expresiile noi (Atentie: expresia of all poate fi neglijata in traducerea in limba romana): Acesta este cel mai trist film pe care I-am vazut vreodata.
> This is the saddest film I have e\ er seen.
Acestea sunt cele mai mari schimbari.
> These changes al e the greatest of all.
Aceasta biblioteca a avut cele mai multe carli din Anglia.
> Th IS library had the most books of all
Acesta este cel mai rau om pe care I-am V3zut vreodata.
> This
JIJ
Lngland. IS
the \\ orst man J ha\ e e\ er seen.
lata cateva verbe noi: to sleep
>[tu slI.pJ
- a donni
to enjoy
>[tu lI1dJOI]
- a se distra, a se simli bine, a se bucura
to remember
>[tu rImcmba']
- a( -~i) aminti,
to change
> [t II
to return
>[tu rIta.'nJ
- a (se) intoarce, a da inapoi
to become
> [tu blkam]
- a deveni
to happen
>[tu hEpnJ
- a se intampla
to start
>[tu sta:'tJ
- a incepe
t
a-~i
reaminti
- a modifica, a schimba
sell1dJ J
Cateva dintre verbele de mai sus sunt neregulate. lata cele trei fonne ale acestora: I.
II.
sleep
slept
> I slept]
slept
>[slept]
became
> [blkrlln]
become
> [blkam]
become
>[ blkamJ
III.
9
Cititi cu atentie propozitiile unniHoare in care am introdus verbele noi: John slept ten hours yesterday.
> [dlon slept ten aua'z icsta' dei J
- John a donnit zece ore len.
She wants to become a typist.
> [::;1. "ants tu blkam d ta/plst]
- Ea vrea sa devina dactilografa.
Can you change this bill'?
> l kEn iu:
- Po,i sa schimbi aceasta bancnota?
What happened during the match?
> [Uat h Epnd diuarm(g) [Ya mEt::;]
- Ce s-a intamplat in timpul meciului?
1 must return the books to the Ii brary.
> lal mast nta·'n [)fa buks tu DZa la/bran]
- Trebuie sa inapoiez cart;ile la biblioteca.
They enjoyed the autumn sun.
> [DZel indjo/d DZI o.tam san]
- Ei s-au bucurat de soarele de toamna.
Do you remember that day?
> [du
- iti aminte~ti acea zi?
1 started work yesterday.
> [ai sta:'tld "a:'k Icsta'del]
IU:
t~ell1dJ
DZis bll]
nmcmba' D/Et del]
- leri am inceput sa lucrez.
Retineti expresia urmatoare: EnJOY your meal!
>
[lI1djOI 10:'
ml·1J
- Pofta buna!
in ultimul exercitiu yom recapitula cele invatate. Traduceti in limba engleza: Ce culoare are paltonullui?
> What colour is hIS coat')
Atunci aveam mai mult timp sa ne uitam la televizor.
> We had more tllne to \\ atch TV then.
Pofta buna!
> Enjoy your meal!
Dintre toti prietenii mei, el este omul cel mai bogat.
> This IS the nchest man of all my
De ce ai cumparat farfurii urate?
> Why have you bought ugly plates')
Trebuie sa bem mai putina cafea.
> We must dnnk less coffee.
Fiullui este mai in varsta decat al meu.
> illS son IS older than mine.
Acest accident groaznic s-a intamplat acum doua luni.
> ThiS awful aCCident happened two months ago
De ce nu s-a intors inca?
> Why ha\ en 't they returned yet'?
Trebuie sa-mi dai inapoi banii mai devreme.
> You must rcturn me the money earlier.
Acest ciiine este celmai bun prieten al meu.
> ThiS dog
imi place sa donn pana tarziu.
> [ like to sleep long
fllends.
10
IS
my best fllend.
LECTIA 15 - PARTEA A DOVA , Ca de obicei, vom incepe leqia cu setul de cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu atentie: >[ mi:tin lgl ]
meeting
- intalnire,
~edinta,
adunare loss
>[los]
- pierdere
sunnse
>[sanraiz]
- rasarit de soare
butcher
>[but~a']
- macelar
grocer
>[grausa']
- vanzator la bacanie, hacan
greengrocer
>[ gri: ngrausa']
- vanzator de legume ~i fructe
beard
>[bia'd]
- barba
van
>[vEn]
- furgoneta
airport
>[ earpo:'t]
- aeroport
homework
>[ haum"a:'k]
- tema pentru acasa
arrival
>[ araival]
- SOSlre
departure
>[ dipa:rt~ar]
- plecare, pomire
Unneaza
acelea~i cuvinte,
dar intr-o alta ordine:
van
>[vEn]
- furgoneta
butcher
>[but;;a']
- macelar
meeting
>[mi:tin(gl]
- intalnire, adunare
departure
>[ dipa:'t~a']
- plecare, pomire
grocer
>[grausCj']
- vanzator la bacanie, bacan
arrival
>[ araival]
- SOSlre
loss
>[Jos]
- pierdere
greengrocer
>[gri:ngrausa']
- vanzator de legume ~i fructe
homework
>[ haulll"a:'k]
- tema pentru acasa
beard
>[biCI'd]
- barba
sunnse
>[ sanraiz]
- rasarit de soare
airport
>[ earpo:'t]
- aeroport
11
~edinta,
Retineti expresiile urmatoare: at the butcher's
la macelarie
at the grocer's
la bacanie
at the greengrocer's
la magazinul de legume ~i fructe
In cazul persoanelor: at my brother's
la fratele meu
at Mary's
- la Maria
Sa introdueem euvintele noi In propozitii: Have you done your homework yet?
> [hE\
IU. dan 10.'] haull1 u a:'k let]
- Ti-ai Iacut deja tema pentru acasa?
It was a great loss for me.
> [It ",11: a !PClt los for 1m:]
- Pentru mine a fost pierdere.
He has a long beard.
- El are
> [IY,IIl1i.tIl1,g) uJi bl: E! 1'
The meeting will be at five.
0
0
mare
barba lunga.
- Intalnirea va fi la ora cinci.
What time is their departure?
- La ce ora pleaca ei? - In ora~ul nostru este un aeroport.
There is an airport in our town.
> [[Yea' IZ an earpo:'t aua' taun]
We watched the sunrise.
>
Can you drive a van?
> [kEn iu. (iral\
I buy meat at the bucher's.
> [al balll1!.! Et D/a
Nobody saw their arrival.
> [naubodl so [)lei' ara/\ I]
- Nimeni nu i-a vazut dind au sosit.
The grocer lives near us.
> [[)fa grallsa' II \ Z nla'
-
We can buy fruits at the greengrocer's.
> [UI: kEn bal flu ts Et D/a gri:nglausa'z]
- Putem cumpara fmcte de la magazinul de legume ~i fruete.
lUI.
Il1
"atsl [)fa saJ1l,l/z]
but~a'z]
- Am privit rasaritul soarelui. - Poti sa conduci
0
furgoneta?
- Eu cumpar came de la macelar.
Bacanullocuie~te
langa noi.
Completa(i lInnatoarele propozltii In limba engleza: Tu e~ti vanzator la magazinul de legume fructe?
- Are you a >greengrocer?
Ei cand au plecat?
- When was their >departure?
Vrei sa fii macelar?
- Do you want to be a >butcher?
~i
Am sa-l invat sa eonduca Pentru noi va fi
0
0
furgoneta.
- I will teaeh him to drive a >van.
mare pierdere.
- It will be a great >loss for us.
Ai avut totdeauna barba?
- Have you always had a >beard? 12
Rasaritul de soare a fost frumos.
- The >sunrlse was beautiful.
Ne intiilnim la aeroport.
- I will see you at the >airpolt.
Tatal lui a fost Mean.
- His father was a >groCCI.
S-a inHimplat inainte de sosirea ei.
- It happened before her >arri \ a!.
Ai multe teme pentru aeasa?
- Is there mueh >homc\'\ ark to do?
Vineri trebuie sa fii la
Verifieati-va
- You must be at the >meeting on Friday.
~edinta.
euno~tintele
traducand urmatoarele euvinte:
maeelar
> butchel
pierdere
> loss
pleeare
> departure
aeroport
> airport
intiilnire
> meeting
sosire furgoneta
> van
barM
>
tema pentru acasa
> hOl11c\\ ork
rasaritul soarelui
> Slll1llSe
viinzator la magazinul de legume
~i
be~lI J
> grcenglocer
fmcte
> grocer
baean
13
In aceastii parte a lectiei ne vom ocupa de un alt aspect legat de gradele de compara{ie ale adjectivelor ~i adverhelor Adjectlvele cOlllplise din doua sau //lai IIllilte silabe \~i care Iltl se terminii In y, formeazii gradul cOl11parativ eu ajutorul clivintelor more/less, iar sllperlativul cu expresiile the most/the least. in al11bele cazliri forma adjectll'ului sail a{/i'erblilui este identica Cll cea de la gradul pozitil'. De exel11plu:
Pozitiv
Comparativ
Superlativ
beautiful
more beautiful
the most beautiful
-frumos
- mai frumos
- eel mai frumos
Cititi eu atentie propozitiile de mai jos: It is the most difficult question.
> [It IZ IYa maust dificalt
My sister is more beautiful than yours.
> [l11al sisla' IZ 1110 ' htU tll:li OlEn 10.'Z]
That car was less expensive.
> (D/[I ka r " az les IkspenSI\ J -
k"est~nJ
- Este intrebarea eea mai dificila. - Sora mea este mai frumoasa decat a tao Ma~ina
aceea era mai ieftina.
Traduceti propozitiile unnatoare in limba engleza: Acesta este cel mai frumos ora~ pe care I-am vazut vreodata.
> rhls IS the mosl beaullful 100\n I ha\ e e\ er seen.
Este mai greu dedit am crezut.
> ThIS IS 1110lC (!If/lcu]1 tl1:111 J thought.
Tapetul cel mai scump este eel mai frumos.
> The 1110st expcnsive wall-papel IS the most beautiful.
lata alte eateva euvinte noi: clever
> [kina']
- de~tept, istet
enough
> [lIlaf]
- destul (de), suficient (de), indeajuns
light
> [latl]
-
dark
>[da:'kJ
- intuneric, intunecat, inchis la culoare
heavy
> [he\ IJ
- greu
strange
> [slrell1dJ]
- eiudat
wide
> [ "ani]
- lat
narrow
> [nErau]
- ingust, stramt
polite
> [palall]
- pohtieos
u~or, desehis la culoare, luminos
Reeititi euvintele intr-o alta ordine: dark
>[d;l 'k]
- intunerie, intuneeat, inchis la euloare
strange
- eiudat 14
narrow
> [nErau]
- ingust, stramt
wide
> ["alli]
- lat
polite
> [pala/t]
- politicos
clever
> [kleva']
-
de~tept,
light
> [la/t]
-
u~or,
istet
deschis la culoare,
luminos heavy
> [hevl]
- greu
enough
> [man
- destul (de), suficient (de), indeajuns
Cuvantul enough sta inaintea substantivelor adverbe:
~i
dupa adjective sau
- bani destui - destul de intuneric - destul de devreme
enough money dark enough early enough
Cititi urmatoarele propozitii in care apar cuvintele noi: He wasn't polite to me yesterday.
> [hI: "oznl palail tu mi: lesla'del]
- El nu a fost politicos cu mine ieri.
I like narrow streets in this town.
> [al la/k nEI,lll sln.ls m [)lis taun]
- Imi plac strazile din acest ora~.
I haven't had enough time to do It.
> Lal hEvnt hEd mar lalln III du. It]
- Nu am avut destul timp sa fac asta.
It is sunny enough to go for a walk.
> [1l IZ sanl maftu gau
- Vremea este indeajuns de insorita pentru 0 plimbare.
This is a light room.
> [DZis iz a hut nun]
- Este
He is a clever boy.
> [hI: iz a kleva' bOl]
- El este un baiat
It is very dark today.
> [It iz veri da.'k ladei]
- Azi este foarte intunecat.
This is the heaviest book I have ever seen.
> [[)ZIS IZ DZa heviast buk 'II hEy eva' sJ:n]
- Este cea mai grea carte pe care am vazut-o vreodata.
Do you see the girl with the light hair?
> [dll IU: Sl: DZa garl "iDz DZa 1'1/1 heal]
- Vezi fata cu parul deschis?
It was a strange accident.
> [It "oz a slrell1dJ Ekslltmt]
- A fost un accident ciudat.
This is the widest street in town.
> [DZIS IZ [Ya "aldast slri·t m t,llIn]
- Aceasta strada este cea mai lata din ora~.
1'0:' a "o.k]
0
camera 1uminoasa. de~tept.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu adjectivele nou invatate: Ea tocmai a cumparat un palton de culoare deschlsa.
- She has just bought a > iIghlcoat.
Nu pot citi intr-o camera intunecoasa.
- I can't read in a > darkroom.
15
Ea este foarte
de~teapta.
- She is very >clever.
Trebuie sa traversam aceasta strada lata.
- We must cross this >wldc street.
El este destul de bogat ca sa cumpere asta.
- He is rich >enough to buy it.
L-ai intalnit deja pe acest om ciudat?
- Have you met this >strange man?
Aceasta cutie este prea grea pentru mine.
- This box is too >hcavv for me.
Masa aceasta este prea ingusta.
- This table is too >nan ow.
Traduceti cuvintele de mai jos in limba engleza: greu
> heavy
ciudat
>stlange
intunecat
> dark
ingust
> naITll\\
politicos
> polIte
lat
> wIde
u~or
> lIght
destul
> cnough
luminos
> lIght
de~tept
> clc\ cr
intuneric
> dark
Urmeaza 0 alta regula legata de gradeIe de comparatie ale adjectivelor !ji adverbelor. Adjectivele formate din doua si/abe. care au termina!ia -ow sau -er formeazii comparativul !ji superlativul tot cu ajutorul termina!ii/or -er !ji -est: narrow
narrower
the narrowest
> [nErau]
> lnEraua'J
> [D/a 11 EI auast]
- ingust
- mai ingust
- eel mai ingust
clever
cleverer
the cleverest > [IYa kJe\ araslj
-
de~tept
- mai
de~tept
- eel mai
16
de~tept
Fonnati comparativul
~i
superlativul unnatoarelor adjective
~i
adverbe:
bad
> \\Olse
> the worst
big
> hlgger
> the biggest
good
> bettcr
> the best
long
> longer
> the longcst
nIce
> nicer
> the mcest
short
> sholier
> thc shortest
little (putin)
> less
> the least
cheap
> cheaper
> the cheapcst
difficult
> mOle ,hffJcult
> the 1110st difficult
easy
> easIer
> the easiest
expensive
> l110re cxpensive
> the most cxpenslvc
sad
> sadder
> the saddcst
ugly
> uglier
> the uglIest
small
> "mallcr
> the smallest
much
> more
> the most
wide
> \\ idel
> the \\ idest
polite
> more pohte
> the most polIte
busy
> bUSier
> the bUSlcst
fresh
> tlesher
> the fleshest
awful
> 11101 e Ll\\ ful
> the most
early
> earlier
> the earliest
late
> later
> the latest
narrow
> nclITD\\ er
> the n,lITO\\ est
many
> more
> the most
sunny
> sunnIer
> the sunnIest
delicios
> more dellclos
> the most dellclOs
light
> lighter
> the lightest
fast
> Clslcr
> the Llstest
great
> greater
> the glcatest
17
Ll\\
fuJ
Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza: Tocmai m-am intalnit cu macelarul.
> I ha\ e Just met the butcher.
La ce ora s-a intors el acasa?
> What tnne dId he return home'!
Eram acasa cand s-a intamplat.
> I was at home when it happened.
Cate portocale poti sa mananci?
> lIow many oranges can you cal')
Imi trebuie
> I must h,1\ e a longel break.
0
pauza mai lunga.
Pofta buna!
> En JOy) our meal'
Este
> There IS a grocer's ne,lI our house.
0
bacanie aproape de casa noastra.
Poti sa schimbi aceasta bancnota?
> Can you change this bIll"
Nu uita sa-l vizitezl pe John.
> Remember to \ ISlt John.
Du-te ]a bacanie
~i
cumpara
ni~te
branza.
> Go to the grocer's and buy some cheese.
Inta]nirea va fi la aeroport.
> The meetmg wIll be at the mrpolt.
Ti-ai Iacut deja tema pentru acasa?
> I la\ e ) ou already done your homework')
La ce ora a rasarit azi soarele?
> What tnne \\ as the sunrise today?
Este cea mai ciudata poveste pe care mi-ai spus-o vreodata.
> ThiS IS the strangest story you have
Cine este mai in varsta decat mine?
> Who lS olLlel tban me')
Este cea mai trista scrisoare a lui.
> lt IS hIS
Am destui bani sa cumpar cartea aceasta.
> I ha\ e enough money to buy thIS book.
M-am dus aco]o indeajuns de devreme ca sa vad sosirea lor.
> I \\ent thele early enough to see
Cit timp vrei sa dormi?
> 110\\ long do you want to sleep')
Este cea mai proasta cina pe care am mancat-o vreodata.
> It IS the worst dll1ner I have
Fiorile lor sunt mai dragute decat ale noastre.
> TheIr I1m\ ers are mcer than ours.
A fost lucrul eel mai ciudat.
> It \\ as the stran1!est thmg of all.
Trebuie sa port acest sacou inchis la culoare?
> Must I \\ car thIS dark coa!')
Noi avem bani suficienti ca sa mergem in Anglia.
> We ha\ e enough money to go to England.
e\ er told me.
then
~adde~t
;11 rI\
letter.
a1.
been eaten.
18
In incheierea leqiei iata un exercitiu de pronuntie. Literele ingro~ate reprezinta sunetele identice din fiecare coloana:
[.:J
[EJ
[au]
[al J
fresh
glad
grow
rise
spend
sad
grocer
arrival
remember
bad
old
wide
when
van
know
behind
then
ash tray
go
polite
19
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 15 • 15.1. Formarea gradelor de comparatie ale adjectivelor 15.1.1.
Gradele de comparatie ale adjectivelor I.
~i
~i
adverbelor:
adverbelor regulate:
Adjectivele ~i adverbele monosilabice primesc terminatia -er Ja comparativ terminatia -est la superlativ: nIce
nicer
the nicest
- amabil
- mai amabil
- cel mai amabil
~i
Daca adjectivul se tem1ina cu -e mut, acesta se elimina la adaugarea tenninatiilor -er ~i -est. Regula conform careia consoana finala a verbelor avand 0 singura silaba se dubleaza in cazul adaugarii unui sufix este valabila ~i in cazul adjectivelor ~i adverbelor.
2.
3.
big
bigger
the biggest
- mare
- mai mare
- cel mai mare
Adjectivele ~i adverbele formate din doua silabe terminate in -y formeaza comparativul ~i superlativul schimband -y in -i ~i adaugiind -er, respectiv -est: windy
windier
the windiest
- vantos
- mai viintos
- eel mai viintos
Adjectivele ~i adverbele formate din doua silabe terminate in -ow sau -er formeaza comparativul ~i superlativul tot cu ajutorul tenninatiilor -er ~i -est: narrow
naITOWer
the narrowest
- ingust
- mai ingust
- cel mai ingust
clever
cleverer
the cleverest
15.1.2.
de~tept
- mai
de~tept
- cel mai
de~tept
Exista adjective ~i adverbe ale caror grade de comparatie se formeaza in mod neregulat. De exemplu: many much -mult
more
the most
- mai mult
- cel mai mult
little - putin
less - mai putin
the least - cel mai putin
bad - rau
worse - mai rau
the worst - cel mai rau
good - bun
better - mai bun
the best - cel mai bun
20
15.1.3.
Adjectivele
~i
adverbele formate din doua sau mai multe silabe care nu se termina in
-y, formeaza comparativul cu ajutorul cuvintelor more/less, iar superlativul, cu
expresiile the most/the least. In ambele cazuri, forma adjeetivului este identiea eu forma la gradul pozitiv. Pozitiv
Comparativ
Superlativ
beautiful
more beautiful
the most beautiful
- fmmos
- mai fmmos
- eel mai fmmos
15.104. Adjeetivele la superlativ sunt preeedate intotdeauna de articolul hotariit the.
15.1.5.
tall
taller
the tallest
- inalt
- mai inalt
- eel mai inalt
Daca adjeetivulla superlativ este preeedat de un pronume posesiv, articolul hotariit the se elimina: It is the best car.
- It is my best car.
15.2. Cuvantul enough sUi inaintea substantivelor, dar dupa adjective enough money
- bani destui
dark enough
- destul de intunecat
early enough
- destul de devreme
21
~i
adverbe:
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 15 A
B.
C.
Traduce~i
urmatoarele propozitii in limba romiina:
1.
1 have never seen the tallest building in the world.
2.
My greatest friend is the smartest boy of all I have ever met.
3.
It wasn't sunny enough to go for a walk without an umbrella.
4.
Who was the strongest man in England then?
5.
I will take the heaviest box.
6.
Have you bought this meat at the butcher's near the cinema?
Traduce~i
urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I.
Eu am dormit in camera cea mai mare a casei.
2.
imi amintesc ca ma~ina lui era destul de rapida.
3.
EI spune ca vrea sa fie prietenul meu cel mai bun.
4.
Cumparam struguri mai tiirziu.
5.
Acela era cel mai scump restaurant din ora~.
6.
Vreau mai multe flori in camera mea.
Forma~i
comparativul ~i superlativul adjectivelor de mai jos:
1.
delicios
2.
foggy
3.
light
4.
strong
5.
ready
6.
good
•
22
" " PARTEA INTAI
LECTIA 16 ,
lata ciiteva cuvinte referitoare la imbracaminte: clothes
> [klauD/z]
- imbracaminte
button
> [batn]
- nasture
hat
> [hEt]
- palarie
collar
> [kola']
- guler
sleeve
> [sli:v]
- maneca (a rochiei, a cama~ii)
pocket
> [pokit]
- buzunar
skirt
> [ska:'t]
- fusta
blouse
> [blauz]
- bluza
handbag
> [hEndbEg]
-
necklace
> [ncklis]
- colier
ear-nng
>
liarinl~J]
- cercel
Jersey
> [dja:'zi]
- Jerseu
po~eta
Acum repetati cuvintele Intr-o ordine diferita: hat
> [hEt]
- palarie
handbag
> [hEndbEg]
-
ear-ring
> [iarin lgJ ]
- cercel
clothes
> [klauDZz]
- imbracaminte
pocket
> [pokit]
- buzunar
skirt
> [ska:'t]
- fusta
necklace
> [ncklis]
- colier
Jersey
> [dja:'zi]
- Jerseu
button
> [batn]
- nasture
sleeve
> [sliv]
- maneca (a rochiei, a cama~ii)
blouse
> [blauz]
- bluza
collar
> [kola']
- guler
23
po~eta
Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozitii: What clothes can I put on?
> [" ot klauLYkI-n al put onJ
- eu ce haine pot sa rna imbrac?
I think you must put on a skirt and a blouse.
> [al T'II1(~lk ill: ma~t put on a ska 't l:nd a hlauz]
- Cred ca trebuie sa te imbraci cu 0 fusta ~i 0 bluza.
All of my blouses are with buttons and long sleeves.
>[0.1 av mal blau/lz a:[ lillY buntz End lon(~) sl J:\ z]
- Toate bluzele meIe sunt cu nasturi ~i cu miineca lunga.
Why don't you like them?
> [" al daunt Ill: lalk [Yem]
- De ce nu-ti plac?
I like blouses with big collars.
>[al lalk hluUZlZ "I D/ big kola'zJ
- Imi plac bluzele cu guler mare.
I will put on this blouse and my blue jersey.
> [al "Ii put on IYls blauz End mal blu: dp:rzi]
- Ma voi imbraca cu bluza aceasta ~i cu jerseul meu albastru.
Do you want to take the necklace and ear-rings?
> [du IU: "ont tu !elk lYa nckiIs Lnd ialll1(~)z]
- Vrei sa-ti pui colierul cerceii?
No, I don't. I will put on a hat and the coat with big pockets.
> [nau al daunt al "Ii put on a hl::t End IYakuut lillY hlg pokih]
- Nu, imi voi pune 0 palarie ~i haina eu buzunare man.
Don't forget about the handbag!
> [daunt forgct ahuut [Ya hEndbLg]
- Nu uita
~i
po~eta!
Retineti ca verbul like inseamna a placea: I like this house.
- Imi place aceasta casa.
Did she like that book?
- Ei i-a placut aceasta carte?
Completati Ulmatoare propozitii in limba engleza: Ei viind cele mai ieftine palarii.
- They sell the cheapest >hats.
Cea mai frumoasa fusta a mea este verde.
- My most beautiful >skirt is green.
Miinecile erau prea scurte.
- The >sleeves were too short.
Imi place po~eta tao
- I like your >handbag.
Jerseul acesta mai scump este mai frumos.
- This more expensive >jersey is nicer.
Aveti paltoane cu guler mai mare?
- Do you have coats with bigger >collars?
Hainele tale sunt pe scaunul acela.
- Your >c [othes are on that chair.
I-am cumparal cercei frumo~i.
- I have bought her beautiful >ear-nngs.
Pastreaza-ti banii in buzunar.
- Keep the money in the >pockct.
Imi place mai mult colierul mai ieftin.
- I like the cheaper >necklace more.
Caut nasturi pentru aceasta haina.
- I am looking for >butlons for this coat.
Mary ti-a luat bluza albastra.
- Mary has taken your green >blousc.
24
Acum traduceti in limba engleza: po~eta
> handbag
Jerseu
> Jersey
palarie
> hat
buzunar
> pocket
[usta
> skirt
colier
> necklace
imbracaminte
> clothes
nasture
> button
guler
> collar
miineca
> sleeve
bluza
> blouse
cercei
> e,lI-rings
lata ciiteva verbe noi: to lose
- a pierde cre~te,
to grow
> [tll grau]
- a
to meet
>[tlll11i:t]
- a (se) intiilni, a (se)
to rise
> [tu nllz]
- a rasari
to shut
>[tu~atJ
- a inchide
to spend
> l tu spend]
- a cheltui (bani), a (pe) trece (timp)
25
a cultiva cunoa~te
Repetati verbele intr-o alta ordine: cre~te,
to grow
> [tugrau]
- a
to spend
> [tu spend]
- a cheltui (bani), a (pe) trece (timp)
to rise
> [tu nllz]
- a rasari
to shut
> [tu
to meet
> [tu ml:t]
a cultiva
- a inchide
~at]
- a (se) intalni
Verbele de mai sus sunt neregulate. invatati cele trei forme ale acestora: I.
II.
Ill.
grow
>[grau]
grew
> [gru:]
grown
> [graun]
spend
> [spend]
spent
>[spent]
spent
> [spent]
nse
>[ralz]
rose
> [rauz]
risen
> [Jizn]
lose
> [lu:z]
lost
>[lost]
lost
> [lost]
shut
> [~at]
shut
> [~at]
shut
> [ ~at]
meet
> [mI:t]
met
> [met]
met
> [met]
Cititi cu atentle urmatoarele propozitii, in care au fost folosite verbele nOl: ~i-a
She has lost her purse.
>
His beard grew fast.
> [hlz blald gru. fa:st]
- I-a ereseut repede barba.
We have never met.
> ["I. hEv n('\ al met]
- Nu ne-am intalnit niciodata.
The sun will rise at seven.
> [O/a san "Ii
- Soarele va rasari la ora ~apte.
[~I'
hEz lost ha: 1 pa:ls]
ralZ
Et s('\n]
Mary is shutting the door. We want to spend three days in London.
- Ea
pierdut portofelul.
- Mary inchide > ["i: lIont tu spend T'n. delz IJ1 landn]
u~a.
- Noi vrem sa petrecem trei zile la Londra.
Completati unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu formele verbale corespunzatoare: Ieri s-au intalnit la magazin. Ai inchis deja
- They> metin the shop yesterday.
u~a?
- Have you already> shutthe door?
Ea pierde totdeauna biletele.
- She always> losestickets.
Noi vom cultiva legume in gradina.
- We will> grow vegetables in the garden.
A rasarit deja soarele?
- Has the sun> risen yet?
Cheltui prea multi bani pe haine.
- You> spend too much money on clothes.
26
Traduceti unnatoarele verbe 'in limba engleza, la cele trei fonne: > gn)\v
> grew
> gIown
a raS3n
> rise
> rose
> risen
a pierde
> lose
> lost
> lost
a inchide
> shut
> shut
> shut
a petrece (timpul)
> spend
> spcnt
> spcnt
> meet
> mct
> met
a
cre~te,
a cultiva
a intalni, a
cunoa~te
ill cOllt/l1uare VO/ll lllVIi{a douli expresii utilizate pentru compararea obiectelor .yi persoanelor: as", as
> [[z... Lz]
- la fel de, a~a, .. tot a~a de (in propozitie afinnativa)
not so.,. as
> [not sau .. Ez]
- nu a~a (de)." ca (~i) (in propozitie negatlva), nu atat... cat
My car is as expensive as yours.
> [mal ka:' Ez 10:'Z]
-
He is not as old as me.
> [hI IznotEzauldEzmi']
De exemplu: IZ
Ez IkspcnsIv
Ma~ina
ca ~
~i
Nu e
mea este la fel de scumpa a tao a~a
de batran ca mine,
In propozItii negative, in loc de not so... as putem folosl expresia not
as... as. Folositi structura comparativa in propozitiile de mai jos: - This apple is not >as/so sweet as that.
Acest mar nu este atiit de dulce ca ace la, Am
aceea~i
varsta ca
~i
- I am >as old as you.
tine.
Ieri nu a fast atat de frig ca acum doua zile.
- Yesterday it was not >as/so cold as two days ago,
Aceasta masa este la fel de grea ca cealalta.
- This table is >as hcavy as that.
Sa mai imatam ciHeva cuvinte noi: n~~n J
out of fashion
> [aut av
to change
> (tu t~emdlJ
- a (se) schimba (despre imbracaminte)
soaked
> [saukt]
- umed, ud
worn
> ["o.'n]
- uzat, folosit (despre haine)
woollen
> ["ulan)
- (confectionat din) de lana
waterproof
> ("ota'pru'f]
- impenneabil, rezistent la apa
simple
>[simpl]
- simplu
- demodat
Recititi cuvintele 'intr-o alta ordine: soaked
>[sauktJ
- umed, ud
simple
> [simpl J
- simplu
27
woollen
> [" ulan ]
- (confectionat din) de lana
worn
> ["o '11]
- uzat, folosit (despre haine)
waterproof
> [" o Li'r lu
to change
> [tu hCiI1dJ]
out of fashion
>[auta\
i1
- impermeabil, rezistent la apa - a (se) schimba (despre Imbracamintea)
n:~Il]
- demodat
lata cateva propozitii in care apar cuvintele noi: Big collars are out of fashion now.
> [big kola'z a:' aut a\ n:~n nau]
- Gulerele mari sunt demodate acum.
Have you changed yet? I can't put on this coat because it is soaked.
- Te-ai schimbat deja?
> tal ka:llt put on IYIs but blkoz ItlZ s:lLIkt]
- Nu pot sa ma imbrac cu aceasta haina pentru ca este uda. Ace~ti
These shoes are worn.
-
I like woolen jerseys.
- lmi plac jerseurile de lana.
These clothes are waterproof.
> I [Yl:Z klauD'z a:' "o ta'plu rj
It is the simplest question of all.
> [It
IZ
:l\
IYa simplast
pantofi sunt uzati.
- Aceste haine sunt impermeabile. k"cst~n
0: 1]
- Este cea mai simpla intrebare (dintre toate).
Completati propozitiile urmatoare cu noile cuvinte invatate: Este scumpa aceasta fusta de lana?
- Is this >\\ ookn skirt expensive?
Palariile sunt demodate.
- Hats are >out of j~lshlOn.
Aceasta bluza uzata este urata.
- This >\\ 01 n blouse is ugly.
Este impermeabil?
- Is it >\\ atcrprooJ'?
Erau uzi cand au intrat In casa.
- They were >soaked when they entered the house.
lmi plac cantecele simple.
- 1 like >simrle songs.
Trebuie sa ma schimb inainte de cina.
- I must >change before dinner.
Traduceti in limba engleza: uzat
> \\ OJ n
simplu
> slmpk
demodat
> out of fashion
ud
> sO:lkcd
a (se) schimba
> to ch,l!1gc
de lana
> \\ ookn
impermeabil
> \\ :1tt.'1 ploof 28
lar acum ne vom ocupa din nou de timpul Present Perfect. Doua prepozi!ii se folosesc adesea impreuna cu timpul menrionat. > [fo.'J
for
- de (un timp)
eu ajutorLlllLli for exprimal11 durata actiunii, de exemplLl: de doi ani, de trei zile.
I haven't seen him for a week. > [al hE\nt si:n him 1'0:' a L1i:kJ - Nu I-am vazut de 0 saptamana. > [a/ hE\ L1a:'kt hia' fo:' Ill: ila'zJ
I have workrd here for two years.
- Lucrez aici de doi ani.
Since se folose$te tot pentru exprimarea duratei aC!lll11ii, dar indica $i momentul din trecut in care a inceput actiunea. [~I:
She hasn't met him since last month.
>
They have changed since last year.
> [lYel hE\ t,:,cmd.ld
hEznt met la:st manT'J
- Ea nu s-a Intalnit cu el de luna trecuta.
111111 SII1S
- Ei s-au schimbat de anul trecut.
SlOS
la:st Ila'J
Predicatul propo::.itiifor care contin since (vederi ~i exe11lplele de 11Ia1 jos):
,~i
for se traduce in ronlline,~te la timpul prezent sau trecut
I have lived here for twenty-three years.
~
I have lived here since 1975.
- Locuiesc aici din 1975.
Locuiesc aici de dou3zeci
~i
trei de ani.
\
l. I "I live in this house."
"I have lived in this house since 1975. 1 have lived here for twenty-three years."
Completa~i propozi~iile
urmatoare cu una dintre
prepozi~iile
They haven't returned home> for three months. We have visited them twice> since last Monday. She hasn't gone for a walk> since last month. I haven't driven a car> fortwo months.
She has known about it > since June. They have lived in this house> for many years.
29
since sau for:
She hasn't talked to her husband >slllce last Wednesday. She has eaten nothing >for more than fout days.
Prepozi{ia since poate fi IIrmatd de 1 haven't seen hIm since we
0
propozi{ie seclIlldard fa Simple Past: - Nu I-am mai vazut de dnd
met in August.
> [al hEvnt sl:n him sms ui: met in o:gast]
He has had no money since h,e paid for his car.
>[hl: hEz hEd nau manI sins hI. peld fa ' 11IZ ka: ' ]
- Nu mai are bani de dnd
ne-am intalnit in august. ~i-a
pliitit
ma~ina.
Traduceti in engleza urmatoarele propozitii: Aceste palarii nu mai sunt la moda de doi ani. Sora mea nu mai de vara trecuta.
locuie~te cu
> These hats have been out of fashIOn for two years.
noi
> My SIster hasn't lived with us since last summer.
N-am mai fost acasa de cand a venit Mary.
> I haven't been at home sll1ce Mary came.
Unde ai fost timp de patru ani?
> \Vhere have you been for four yeal s')
Noi il cunoa~tem de multi am.
> We have known him for many years.
lata cateva verbe noi: to wear
> [tu "ear]
- a purta
to fit
>[ tu fit]
- a (se) potrivi
to zip up
>[tu ZIp ap]
- a inchide fennoarul
to tryon
>[tu tral on]
- a incerca, a proba (despre imbracaminte)
to knit
>[tu nIt]
- a tricota
Cititi verbele noi intr-o alta ordine: to try on
> [tu tral on]
- a incerca, a proba (despre imbracaminte)
to knit
>[tu nit]
- a tricota
to wear
>[tu "cal]
- a purta
to zip up
>[ tu ZIp ap]
- a trage fennoarul sus
to fit
>[ tu fit]
- a (se) potrivi
Verbul to wear este neregulat. Cele trei fonne ale sale sunt: wear>["ea']
wore> [ lin I]
worn >["o:'n]
Sa introducem verbele noi in propozitii: She knitted me a nice jersey.
>[~I:
nitld ml: a nals dJa:'ZI]
These shoes have never fitted. >[O/I:Z
He zipped up his coat.
~u:z
hEy neva' fitld]
> [hI. Zipt ap hlz kaut]
30
- Ea mi-a tricotat unjerseu frumos. -
Ace~ti
pantofi nu mi-au fost buni niclOdata.
- EI ~i-a inchis fermoarul de la haina.
Have you tried it on yet?
> [hEv
She likes to wear long skirts.
>
IU:
traid It on let]
[~1'
laiks tu "ea l lon(gl ska:rts]
- L-ai probat deja? - Ei ii place sa poarte fuste lungi.
Completati unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu fonnele verbale corespunzatoare: De anul trecut ea a tricotat trei jerseuri. Mary
i~i
- She has> knitted three jerseys since last year. - Mary is > Zlppmg up her coat.
inchide fermoarul de la haina.
Putem proba acest costum?
- Can we >try on this suit?
Vara nu port niciodata bluze cu maneca lunga.
- I never >\\earblouses with long sleeves III summer.
Fiicei mele ii sunt bune hainele mele.
- My clothes >fit my daughter.
In incheierea acestei paTti a lectiei, traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Cine ti-a dat aceasta veste?
> Who told you this news'?
Gulerul este destul de lung?
> Is the collar long enough?
Cand a rasarit ieri soarele?
> What tIme dId the sun l'lse yesterday'l
Mi-am pierdut po~eta.
> I have lost my handbag
Nu I-am mai vazut de cand a plecat din ora~ul nostru.
> I haven't seen hlln SlllCC hc left our to\\ n.
Toate femeile poarta cereei?
> Do a] I women wear ear-I ings'?
Locuim aici de douazeei de ani.
> We have !Iv'ed here for twenty years.
Casa noastra nu este
> The green hat doesn't fIt you.
potrive~te.
Palaria verde nu ti se
a~a
> Our house IS not so/as big as theirs.
de mare ca a lor.
Toate hainele mele sunt ude.
> All my clothes are soakt:d.
Nimeni nu cumpara palarii impermeabile.
> Nobody buys waterproof hats.
Iti
> I wIll knit you a woollen jersey.
voi tricota un jerseu de lana.
> Long skIrts are out of fashIOn now.
Fustele lungi nu sunt la moda acum.
Unneaza un exercitiu de pronuntie. Cititi cu atentie unnatoarele seturi de euvinte: [a: ']
[ i]
[0]
[au]
skirt
knit
collar
soaked
Jersey
zip
pocket
clothes
heard
fit
lost
grow
bird
big
clock
know 31
LECTIA 16 - PARTEA A nOVA , Citi1i cu atentie urmatoarele dialoguri. Silabele
~i
cuvintele accentuate sunt scrise cu litere
ingro~ate:
Mary:
Do you like clothes which are out of fashion?
Tom:
No, I don't. I never buy them.
Mary:
But they are not so expensive as other clothes. And sometimes I have little money.
Tom:
Last week I spent a lot of money on a new coat. Another coat was cheaper, but it wasn't waterproof. And when I tried it on it did not fit.
Barbara: I must remember to buy some grapes. Peter:
The greengrocer in our street always has fresh grapes. And at the green-grocer's you always meet people to talk to.
Barbara: But I don't have time to talk, because 1 have to return some books to the library. It's late already. And if I return them too late I have to pay more money.
John:
My sister works at the airport. She must get up early, when it is still dark.
Mary:
Does she like this work?
John:
I think she does. She likes to watch the planes when they rise into the sky.
Mary:
Where did she work before?
John:
At the butcher's. And she wanted to change her work, because she had to clean many things there. She didn't like it.
Mary:
So it was easy for her to leave the butcher's for the airport?
John:
Yes, it was. But it was difficult to find this new work. I helped her. She will never return to the butcher's shop.
Barbara: Do you know people who are always busy and spend all their time at work? Peter:
Yes, I know a lot of them. They are always in a hurry. And some of them smoke too much, too.
Barbara: Do you think they enjoy life? Peter:
No, I don't think they do. They never find time to enjoy things. I think they forget to live, because they are so busy.
Barbara: I think you are right. They don't know what a good book is. And you will never find them in a cinema. Peter:
Do you think these people are nice to talk to?
Barbara: No, I don't. They know nothing about all these things. But it is difficult for them to change. Peter:
You know, Barbara, it's never too late to change. When they change they are glad.
32
Tom:
Do you meet many people who say it is better to eat more vegetables and less meat?
Mary:
Yes, I have met a lot of them. And they also say that fresh fruit is good for everybody.
Tom:
Is it good to listen to these people?
Mary:
I think it is. Fat people live shorter. Do you want to live a long time?
Tom:
Yes, I do. But what you eat is not the only thing. It is also what you do and don't do.
Mary:
I think you are right. If you sit on a chair all day you get tired. After a walk you will feel better.
Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza: Folosesc intotdeauna cat se poate de putina sare.
> I
Ai schimbat deja aceste bancnote?
> llave you already changed these bills?
Noi vom cultiva legume in gradina noastra.
> \Ve wIll grow vegetables in our garden.
Cine a cheltuit cel mai putin?
> \\'ho spent the leasl money')
~osete
lama intotdeauna port cele mai calduroase de lana.
> In \\ Inter I :11\\ ay s wear the warmest woollen socks,
Cine este cea mai frumoasa fata din Romania?
> Who is Ihe most he:1lI11 I'ul girl in Romania')
Ai inchis deja geamul?
> J1:\\ e you :liready shul Ihe wmdow'!
Ai venit indeajuns de devreme ca sa te intalne~ti cu el.
> You ha\ e come call •v enou"h Co 10 mec\ him.
Este mai greu decat am crezut.
> II IS heaVier than I Ihought.
Unde este fratele tau mai mic?
> Where is your younger brother')
Nu am mai fost la Mary de dnd am inceput sa lucrez.
>\ h:\\en'l he en al Mary's since I started to work,
Unde este cel mai mare ciocan?
> \VheI e is the biggest hammer')
Cand trebuie sa fii la aeroport?
> What tllne must you be al the airport'!
Tocmai am devenit vecini.
> We h:\\ e jusl become neighbours.
Aceasta cste cea mai urata c1fidire pe care am vazut-o vreodata.
>Thb is the ugliest building I ha\ e e\ er seen.
Lui ii plac numai culorile deschise.
> He likes only Ilghl
Tatal meu este bacan dintotdeauna.
> I\ly Lllher has he en a grocer slI1ce always.
Copiii cresc foarte repede.
>Chlldren grow \'ery LISt.
Aceasta este
0
intrebare foarte simpla.
CO!OUh,
> It IS a \ cry simple questIon,
33
> The accIdent happen cd after thelr departure.
Accidentul s-a intamplat dupa plecarea lor. Acestjerseu este la fel de frumos ca
~i
> This jersey IS as nice as 1ha1.
acela.
Mfmcarea a fost mai proasta acol0 decat acasa.
> The food was worse there than at home.
Colierul mamei mele este mai frumos.
> My mother's nccklace is more beautiful.
Pot sa incerc aceasta fusta?
> Can
Schimba-te inainte de cina.
> Change berO! e (iinner.
Avem portocale destule pentru toata lumea.
> We have enough or,mges for everybody.
Acesta este cel mai bun cinematograf din ora~ul nostru.
> This
34
j
tryon thIs skIrt'!
IS
the best clllcma
111
our town.
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 16 , 16.1. Construqi ile as... as
~i
not so... as
Aceste structuri se folosesc la compararea obiectelor sau a persoanelor: as ... as
- la fel de, a~a ... ca (~i), tot propozitia afirmativa)
not so.. as
- nu a~a ... ca nLl atat de
My car is as expensive as yours.
-
(de) (In
(in propozitie negativa)
Ma~ina
ca He is not as old as I am.
~i
a~a
~l
mea este Ia fel de scumpa a ta.
- El nu are
aceea~i
varsta ca mine.
In propozitii negative, in loc de not so ... as putem folosi expresia not as ... as.
16.2. Prepozitiile for
~i
since se folosesc astfeI:
Prepozitia for inseamna: pe
0
duratalperioda de.
CLl ajutorul acestel prepozitii exprimam durata aqiunii, de exemplu: de doi ani, de trei zile. 1 haven't seen hun for a week.
- Nu I-am vazut de
0
saptamana.
Prepozitia since inseamna: din, de la un moment dat din trecut. Se folose~te tot pentru exprimarea duratei aqiunii, dar se refera care a inceput aqiunea.
0
la momentul din trecut in
- Ea nu s-a intalnit cu el de luna trecuta.
She hasn't met him since last month. Since poate fi urmat de
~i
propozitie eu predieatulla timpul Simple Past:
1 haven't seen him since we met in August.
- Nu I-am mai vazut de cand ne-am intalnit in august.
Predicatul propozitiilor care contin since prezent, fie la trecut.
~i
for se traduce in limba romana fie la timpul
1 have lived here for ten years.
- Traiesc aici de zece ani.
I have lived here since 1980.
- Traiesc aici din 1980.
35
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 16 A.
B.
C.
Traduce~i propozi~iile
unnatoare in limba ramana:
1.
J want to try on that blouse.
2.
She has worn the same hat for ten years.
3.
Last week she knitted this woollen jersey for me.
4.
Have you seen him since he changed his apartment?
5.
This man is as strange as his neighbour.
6.
We must remember to buy the least expensive clothes.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: ~i
I.
Biserica aceasta este la fel de frumoasa ca
2.
Jeri mi-am pierdut portofelul in autobuz.
3.
II cunosc pe acest om de cand am cumparat 0 casa de la el.
4.
Fiul nostru a crescut mult in ultimele doua luni.
5.
Aceste legume nu sunt la fel de bune ca acelea.
6.
Ei lucreaza la un macelar de la
Corectati
gre~elile
sfiir~itul
cea din Londra.
anului trecut.
din propozitiile unnatoare:
I.
She has knited three jerseys so far.
2.
They have spent all their money for last week.
3.
My father has been in hospital since he has had an accident.
4.
His parents are so nice as mine.
5.
They have lately shutted their shop.
6.
We haven't been in England since two years.
36
LISTA VERBELOR NEREGULATE DIN LECTIILE 15 SI , , 16 II
ill
become
> [bikam]
became
> [bikeim]
become
> [bikam]
grow
> [grall]
grew
> [gru:]
grown
> [gralln]
lose
> [Iu:z]
lost
> [lost)
lost
> [lost]
meet
> [mi:t]
met
> [met]
met
> [met]
rIse
> [ralZ]
rose
> [rollZ]
risen
> [rizn]
shut
>
[~at J
shut
> [sat]
shut
>
sleep
> [siI:p]
slept
> [slept]
slept
> [slept]
spend
> l spend]
spent
> [spellt]
spent
> [spent]
wear
> ["ea'J
wore
> [" O :']
worn
> [Uo:'n]
37
[~at]
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 15 SI , , 16 airport
>[ carpo:rt]
- aeroport
another
>[anaD1a']
- altul, alta, inca unul, inca una
arrival
>[ aralval]
- sosire
as ... as
>[ Ez. .. Ez]
-
baker's
>[bclka'z]
- brutarie
beard
>[bla'd]
- barM
beautiful
>[biu ural]
- frumos, minunat
to become
>[ tu blkam]
- a deveni
bill
>[ bil]
- factura, nota de plata bancnota [USA]
blouse
> Ihlallz]
- bluza
break
>[bITlk]
- pauza
butcher
> [butsa']
- macelar
butcher's
>Ibut~a'z]
- macelarie
button
>[batn]
- nasture
to change
>[tu tscmel)]
- a modifica, a schimba (bani), - a (se) schimba (despre haine)
change
> l t~cll1d.l]
- schimbare, schimb de bani,
a~a,
ca
~i,
tot
a~a,
la fel de
marunti~
clever
>[klcva']
-
clothes
> [klallD/z]
- imbracaminte
collar
>lkola']
- guler
colour
>[kala']
- culoare
dark
>lda.'k]
- intunecat, inchis la culoare, intunecos
departure
> [(lJpa
during
> [dlUaJ mig,]
- in timp ce
ear-f1ng
> [i'l! mlgl ]
- cercel
to enjoy
> [tu mdlOf]
- a savura, a se simti bine, a se bucura de
enough
>lmaf]
- destul, suficient, indeajuns
to fit
> [tu fit]
- a (se) potrivi
't~a']
de~tept,
istet
- plecare, pomire
38
food
> [fu:d]
- mancare, alimente, hrana
for
> [fo:']
- de un anumit timp
fresh
>
fruit
> [fru:t]
- fruct
glad
> [gIEd]
- fericit, bucuros
grape
> [grelp]
- strugure
grass
> [gra:s]
- iarba
greengrocer
> [gri. ngrallsa']
- vanzator la magazinul de legume ~i fmcte
greengrocer's
> [gri:ngrallsa'z]
- magazinul de legume
grocer
> [griillsa']
- Mcan, vanzator la bacanie
grocer's
> [grallsa'z]
- bacanie
to grow
> [tll grau]
- a crqte, a cultiva
handbag
> [hEndbEg]
-
to happen
>[tuhEpn]
- a (se) intampla
hat
> [hEt]
- palarie
heavy
>[hCVl]
- greu
homework
> [halll11"a:'k]
- tema pentru acasa
Jersey
> [dja.'Z1]
- Jerseu
to knit
> [tu nit]
- a tricota
library
> [la/brari]
- biblioteca
lIght
> [la/t]
- lUl11inos, deschis (la culoare),
- proaspat
[fre~]
~i
fructe
po~eta
u~or
to lose
>[tu lu:z]
- a pierde
loss
> [los]
- pierdere
to meet
>[tll mi:t]
- a (se) intalni, a (se)
meeting
> [mi:tin(gl]
-
narrow
>[nErou]
- ingust, stramt
necklace
>[ncklis]
- colier
neighbour
>[nc/ba']
- veClll
not so... as
>[not sau Ez]
- nu
a~a
(de) ... , ca
(~i); TIU
not as ... as
>[ not Ez Ez]
- nu
a~a
(de) ..., ca
(~i);
orange
>[ ortnuj]
- portocala
39
~edinta,
cunoa~te
intalnire, adunare
atat de
nu atat de
- demodat
fF~::;n]
out of fashion
> [aut ov
pear
>[pea']
- para
pocket
>[poklt]
- buzunar
polite
> [palalt]
- politicos
to remember
> [tLl rImcll1ba r ]
- aHi) aminti, aHi) reaminti
to return
>[tLl nta:'n]
- a (se) intoarce, ada inapoi, a inapoia
to rise
>[tulalz]
- a rasari
sad
>[,Ed]
- trist
to shut
>[tu
simple
> [simpl]
- simplu
since
>[sins]
- de atunci
skirt
>[ska:'t]
- fusta
to sleep
>[tu sh.pJ
- a dormi
sleeve
>[slI.\ J
- maneca (a rochiei, a cama~ii)
small
>[smo:1J
-mic
soaked
>[saukt]
- ud, umed
to spend
>[ tLl spend]
- a cheltui (bani), a (pe) trece (timp)
to start
>[tu'la.'tJ
- a incepe
strange
>[stlclI1dlJ
- ciudat
sunnse
>[sanralz]
- rasarit de soare
than
>[ D/EnJ
- decat
to try on
>[tu Iral onJ
- a incerca, a proba (despre imbracaminte)
ugly
>[agIJJ
- mat, pocit
van
> [\ Ln J
- furgoneta
waterproof
>["ola'pru:J]
- impermeabil, rezistent la apa
to wear
>[ III "ca']
- a purta (despre haine)
wide
> ["af(IJ
- lat
woollen
>["ulanJ
- (confectionat) din lana, de lana
worn
> [" ll In]
- uzat, folosit (pentru haine)
to zip up
>ltuzlpap!
- a inchide fermoarul
~at]
- a inchide
40
•
~
•
~
RECAPITULARE 1.
2.
3.
Pronumele negativ no, nobody, nothing: I have no time now.
- Acum nu am timp.
Nobody came to visit us.
- Nu a venit nimeni sa ne viziteze.
I have nothing.
- Nu am nimic.
There is/there are: ma~ina in
There is a car in the street.
- Este 0
There are some dogs in the garden.
- Sunt cativa caini in gradina.
strada.
Prepozitia for exprima durata actiunii: I haven't seen him for a week.
- Nu I-am vazut de
0
saptamana.
Prepozitia since indica momentul din trecut in care a inceput actiunea: She hasn't met him since last year.
4.
Constructiile as... as
~i
- Ea nu s-a intalnit cu el de anul trecut.
not so... as folosite pentru compararea obiectelor sau a persoanelor:
as... as
- Ia feI, a~a de, ... tot a~a de (in propozitie afirmativa)
not so... as
- nu a~a... ca ~i (in propozitie negativa), nu atat
My car is as expensive as yours.
-
He is not as old as me.
- Nu e a~a de batran ca mine. Nu are aceea~i varsta ca mine.
M~ina mea este
Ia fel de scumpa ca ~i a tao
PARTEA INTA.I
LECTIA 17 ,
Sa incepem lectia cu setul de cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare traducerea lor in limba romiina:
~i
urmariti
job
> [djob]
- munca, ocupatie, slujba
wages
> [Ueidjiz]
- salariu
raise
> [reiz]
- marire, cre~tere (a salariului)
labourer unemployment
> [lelbaraf ] > [animploimant]
- muncitor - ~omaJ
colleague
> [koli:g]
- coleg
trade-union
> [treid iu:nian]
- sindicat
member
> [membar]
- membru
negotiations
>
employee
> [emploii:]
- angajat, salariat
strike
> [straik]
- greva
management
> [mEnidjmant]
- conducere, administratie
Sa exersam
acelea~i
[nigau~iei~anz]
- negocieri
cuvinte, dar intr-o alta ordine:
strike
> [straik]
- greva
member
> [membar ]
- membru
raIse
> [reiz]
- marire, cre~tere (a salariului)
unemployment
> [animploimant]
-
wages
> [Ueidjiz]
- salariu
job
> [djob]
- munca, ocupatie, slujba
management
> [mEnidjmant]
- conducere, administratie
trade-union
> [treid iu:nian]
- sindicat
employee
> [emploii:]
- angajat, salariat
labourer
> [lelbara
- muncitor
negotiations
>
colleague
> [koli:g]
2
T ]
[nigau~iei~anz]
~omaJ
- negocieri - coleg
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii: I have many colleagues.
>[ai hEv meni koli:gz]
- Am multi colegi.
The negotiations will be tomorrow.
>[DZa nigau~iei~anz uil bi: tamorau]
- Negocierile vor fi maine.
We are waiting for the management.
>[Ui: a:' Ueitin(g) fo: r DZa mEnidjmant]
-
He has lost his job.
>[hi: hEz lost hiz djob]
- El
The employees want to talk.
>[DZa emploii:z Uont tu to:k]
- Salariatii vor sa vorbeasca.
I got a raise yesterday.
> [ai got a reiz iestardei]
- Ieri am primit 0 marire de salariu.
He is a member of a trade-union.
>[hi: iz a memM' av a treid iu:nian]
- EI este membru de sindicat.
We have great unemployment in Romania.
>[Ui: hEv greit animploimant in ru:meinia]
- In Romania ~omajul este foarte mare.
They are talking about the last strike.
>[ DZei a: r to:kin lg ) abaut DZa la:st straik]
- Ei vorbesc despre ultima greva.
Do you think my wages are high?
>[ du iu: TSm(g)k mal Ueidjiz a.' hai]
- Crezi ca salariul meu este mare?
Is he a labourer m this factory?
>[ iz hi: a lelbara r in DZis fEktari]
- El este muncitor in aceasta fabrica?
A~teptam
~i-a
conducerea.
pierdut slujba.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Ai
ve~ti
~tiu
- Have you the news about the >strike?
despre greva?
- I know about these >negotiations.
despre aceste negocieri.
Iti place munca ta?
- Do you like your :::job?
Anul trecut am avut mai multi membri.
- Last year we had more >members.
Ei obtin in fiecare an 0 marire de salariu.
- They get a >raise every year.
Colegii mei rna vor ajuta intotdeauna.
- My :::colleagues will always help me.
Ce
~tii
Peste
0
despre
~omajul
- What do you know about :::unemployment in your country?
din tara ta?
- In a month our >wages will be higher.
luna salariile noastre vor fi mai mario
- The :::management of our factory is very good.
Administratia fabricii noastre este foarte buna. Toti muncitorii au
~edinta
- All >labourers have a meeting on Wednesday.
miercuri.
Toti angajatii tai au familie?
- Have all your ::oemployees families?
E~ti
- Are you a member of this :>trade-union?
membru al acestui sindicat?
3
Traduceti in limba engleza noile cuvinte: munca, slujba
> job
coleg
> colleague
angajat
> employee
salariu
> wages
conducere
> management
membm
> member
muncitor
> labourer > unemployment
sindicat
> trade-union
salariu
> wages
negocieri
> negotiations
greva
> strike
marire a salariului
> raIse
administratie
> management
Gramatica lecfiei se referii la utilizarea timpului trecut perfect (Past Perfect Tense). Acest timp se folose~tepentru a descrie 0 aCfiune care s-a desfii~urat inaintea unei alte aCfiuni trecute, aceasta din
urmii exprimiindu-se cu timpul Simple Past (trecutul simplu). Complementele circumstanfiale utilizate cu Past Perfect Tense sunt: after
> [a:ftaf]
- dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce, ulterior
before
> [bifo: f]
- inainte de, inaintea, dinaintea
Urmiirifi structura propozifiei: Subiect
+
verb auxiliar
+
forma a Ill-a a verbului principal
+
She
had
read
this book ...
They
had
built
the house...
lata cum este folosit Past Perfect Tense in propozitii: I had eaten breakfast before I went to work.
>[ai hEd Un brekfast bifo: f ai Uent tu ua:fk]
After the employees had got a raise they started to work.
>[a:fta f DZi emploii:z hEd got - Dupa ce salariatii au obtinut 0 a reiz DZei sta:ftid tu ua:fk] marire de salariu, au inceput sa lucreze.
4
- Am luat micul dejun inainte de a merge la lucm.
Before I visited my mother I had bought her flowers.
> [bifo: f ai vizitid mai maDZa f - Inainte de a 0 vizita pe mama al hEd bo:t ha: f tlauih] i-am cumparat flori.
She went to bed after she had watched that film.
>
Uent tu bed a:fta r hEd Uot;;t DZEt film]
[~j:
~i:
- Ea s-a dus 1a culcare dupa ce s-a uitat la filmul acela.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Inainte de a cumpara aceasta ma~ina am lucrat mult timp intr-o banca.
> Before I bought this car I had worked in a bank for a long time.
Dupa ce s-a intors acasa el a mancat ni~te paine.
> After he had returned home he ate some bread.
Am i'ncercat aceasta haina inainte de a 0 cumpara.
> I had tried on this coat before I bought it.
Ea a inceput sa se ingrijoreze dupa ce a primit aceasta scrisoare.
> She started to worry after she had got this letter.
lata acum cateva verbe noi. Retineti traducerea lor: to negotiate
> [tu nigau~ielt]
- a negocia, a duce tratative
to raise
>[tureiz]
- a spori, a mari
to apply for
> [tu apJai fo:f]
- a cere, a solicita
to earn
> [tu a:fn]
- a
to reduce
> [tu ridiu:s]
- a reduce, a
to fire
> [ttl faia f]
- a concedia
Sa exersam verbele
~i
ca~tiga
(bani prin munca) mic~ora
intr-o alta ordine:
to apply for
> [tu aplai fo:f]
- a cere, a solicita
to reduce
> [tu ridiu:s]
- a reduce, a mic~ora
to fire
> [tu faia f]
- a concedia
to negotiate
> [tu nigau~ieit]
- a negocia, a duce tratative
to earn
> [tua:fn]
- a
to raise
> [tu reiz]
- a spori, a mari
5
ca~tiga
(bani prin munca)
Sa introducem nOlle verbe in propozitii: I think we must raise
> [az Pin(g)k Ui: mast relz
Ueidjlz]
wages.
- Cred ca trebuie sa marim salariile.
Yes, our employees have already applied for this.
> [ies aua r emploli:z hEy o:lredl aplaid fo:' DZls]
- Da, salariatii deja asta.
no~tri
They say they earn to little.
> [DZei sei DZei a:rn tu: Utl]
- Ei spun ca ei putini bani.
cii~tiga
We will negotiate It with them.
> [Ui: ull nigau~ieit it uiDz DZEm]
- Yom negocia asta cu ei.
The management wants to fire a hundred of them.
> [DZa mEllld]mant Uonts tu faia r a handnd ov DZem]
- Conducerea vrea sa concedieze 0 suta dintre ei.
But remember we must reduce unemployment.
> [bat rimemba l 1I 1: mast ridiu:s animplollnant]
-
How can we do it If they want to fire people?
> [hau kEn lIi: du: it if DZei lIont tu fala r pi:pl]
- Cum putem sa facem asta daca ei vor sa concedieze oameni?
Aminte~te-ti
sa reducem
au solicitat
prea
insa ca trebuie
~omajul.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii cu verbele corespunzatoare: Inainte de a reduce ~omajul ei au construit fabrici noi.
- Before they> reduced unemployment they had built new factories.
Ne vor mari salariile?
- Will they > raise our wages?
Cati muncitori au concediat deja?
- How many labourers have they already > fired?
Inainte de a solicita 0 slujba noua, am lucrat intr-un birou.
- Before I > applied for a new job I had worked in an office.
Ei
ca~tiga
mai putin decat parintl1
no~tri?
- Do they> earn less than our parents?
Nu vom negocia aici.
- We will not> negotIate here.
Sii vedem cum se jormeazii interogativul $i negativulla Past Perfect Tense. Propozitia interogativii se jormeazii prin inversarea ordinii subiectului $i a verbului auxiliar: They had been here before I came. > [hEd DZei bi:n hia r bifo: r ai keim]
Had they been here before I came? He had bought a book before he went home. Had he bought a book before he went home?
> [hEd hi: bo:t a buk bifo: 1 hi: lIent haum]
6
Riispunslll ajirmativ seformeazii cu ajlltorul adverbului yes, alpronumeluipersonal $i al verbului auxiliar had. Nega!ia se compune din: cuwintul no, pronumele personal, verbul auxiliar had $i adverbul not. Structura had not poatejiprescurtatii hadn't [hEdnt].
lata cateva exemple: Had you been here before I came? Yes, I had.
> lies ai hEd]
No, I had not.
> [nau ai hEd not]
No, I hadn't.
> [nau ai hEdnt]
Had he written the letter before he went to the post-office? Yes, he had.
> lies hi: hEd]
No, he had not.
> [nau hi: hEd not]
No, he hadn't.
> [nau hi: hEdnt]
In exerci!iul urmator formulati intrebari, raspunsuri afirmative ~i negative la urmatoarele propozi!ii: They had seen this film before we visited them.
> Had they seen this film before we visited them? - Yes, >they had. - No, >they hadn't.
He had been in England before he returned.
> Had he been in England before he returned? - Yes, >he had. - No, >he hadn't.
They had applied for the job before I started to work there.
> Had they applied for the job before I started to work there? - Yes, >they had. - No, >they hadn't.
Construc!ia negativii hadn't se poate folosi $i in propozi!ii afirmative:
They hadn't seen Mary before > [DZei hEdnt si:n meari she visited them. bifo:' ~i: vizitId DZem]
- Ei n-au vazut-o pe Maria inainte ca ea sa-i fi vizitat.
They hadn't known about it before I told them.
- Nu au ~tiut despre asta inainte ca eu sa Ie fi spus.
> [DZei hEdnt naun abaut it bifo:' ai told DZem]
Traduce!i urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Ai fost aici inainte de a se intampla asta?
> Had you been here before it happened?
Dupa ce m-am sculat m-am dus in bucatarie.
> After I had got up I went to the kitchen. 7
Nu am vazut acest tablou inainte de a sosi aici.
> I hadn't seen this picture before I arrived here
Ai incercat sa negociezi inainte ca ei sa te concedieze?
> Had you tried to negotiate before
Dupa ce administratia le-a marit salariile, angajatii au fost foarte bucuro~i.
> After the management had raised wages
Nu m-am gandit la asta inainte sa fi citit aceasta carte.
> I hadn't thought about it before I read this book.
they fired you?
the employees were very glad.
Sa invatam alte ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
contents
> [kontents]
- cuprins, continut
oats
> [auts]
-ovaz
proceeds
> [prousl:dz]
-
riches
>
thanks
> [TSEn(g)ks]
- multumiri,
surroundings
> [saraundin(glz]
- imprejurimi, vecinatate
savings
> [seivin(glz]
- economii (bani economisiti)
[rit~iz]
cii~tig
(dintr-o activitate)
- avere, bogatie recuno~tinta
Cuvintele invatate anterior sunt la plural, la fel ca ~i cuviintul wages pe care il cunoa~tem deja.
Repetati cuvintele noi intr-o ordine diferita: cii~tig
proceeds
> [prousi:dz]
-
contents
> [kontents]
- cuprins, continut
thanks
> [TSEn(glks]
- multumiri,
surroundings
> [saraundin(glz]
- imprejurimi, vecinatate
oats
> [auts]
- ovaz
savings
> [seivin(glz]
- economii (bani economisiti)
riches
>
[rit~iz]
(dintr-o activitate)
recuno~tinta
- avere, bogatie
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Unde este cuprinsul acestei carti?
> Where are the contents of this book?
Cailor Ie place sa manance ovaz.
> Horses like to eat oats.
Ce
cii~tig
anual ai?
> What proceeds have you every year?
Imi tin economiile acasa.
> I keep my savings at home.
Cum ~i-a cii~tigat el averea?
> How has he earned his riches?
8
Le-am transmis multumirile mele.
> I gave them my thanks.
Imprejurimile sunt frumoase.
> These are nice surroundings.
Iar acum sa recapitulam aceasta parte a lectiei rezolvand urmatorul exercitiu. Traduceti propozitiile In limba engleza: Te-ai Intalnit deja cu salariatii noi?
> Have you already met the new employees?
Inainte de a-I cunoa~te pe John am lucrat cu Peter. > Before I met John I had worked with Peter. Continutul acestei cutii este interesant.
> The contents of this box are interesting.
Negocierile vor fi foarte dificile, dar trebuie sa obtinem marirea salariilor.
> The negotiations will be very difficult, but we must get a raise.
EI a cumparat 0 casa noua dupa ce a Inceput sa cii~tige mai mult.
> He bought a new house after he had started to earn more.
EI
ca~tiga
prea putin ca sa
~i
economiseasca.
> His earns too little to have savings.
Ai mai lucrat Inainte de-a solicita aceasta slujba?
> Have you ever worked before you applied
Muncitorii no~tri sunt membri ai sindicatului de cinci ani.
> Our labourers have been members of a
Dupa greva conducerea a concediat multi angajati.
> After the strike the management fired
Trebuie sa facem ceva ca sa reducem
> We must do something to reduce
for this job?
trade-union for five years.
many employees.
~omajui.
unemployment.
"I keep my savings at home."
9
LECTIA 17 - PARTEA A DOUA , Sa continuam lectia invat1ind 0 serie de cuvinte noi legate de cumparaturi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie: supermarket
> [su:parma:rkit]
- supermarket
trolley
> [troli]
- carucior
customer
> [kastamaT]
- cumparator, client
shop-assistant
>
receipt
> [risi:t]
shopping-list
>
[~opin(g)
cash-desk
>
[kE~
desk]
- casa (lntr-un magazin)
shop-window
>
[~op
Uindau]
- vitrina
exit
> [egzit]
-
bargain
> [ba:Tgin]
- vanzare la un pret favorabil, chilipir, afacere
discount
> [diskaunt]
- reducere de preturi
sales
> [seilz]
- vanzare, reduceri, vanzarea soldurilor
shopping-bag
>
[~op
asistant]
[~opin(g)
::.. vanzator, vanzatoare - chitanta
list]
bEg]
- lista de cumparaturi
-
ie~ire
saco~a
de cumparaturi
lar acum recititi cuvintele cu voce tare, intr-o alta ordine: shopping-list
>
[~opin(g)
shop-window
>
[~op
supermarket
> [su:parma:'kit]
- supermarket
sales
> [seilz]
- vanzare, reduceri, vanzarea soldurilor
exit
> [egzit]
-
bargain
> [ba:rgin]
- vanzare la un pret favorabil, chilipir, afacere
shopping-bag
>
discount
> [diskaunt]
- reducere de preturi
receipt
> [risi:t]
- chitanta
customer
> [kastamaT]
- cumparator, client
shop-assistant
>
[~op
asisUint]
- vanzator, vanzatoare
cash-desk
>
[kE~
desk]
- casa (intr-un magazin)
trolley
> [troli]
Uindau]
[~opin(g)
10
list]
bEg]
- lista de cumparaturi - vitrina
-
ie~ire
saco~a
de cumparaturi
- carucior
Sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozitii: Have you already been in the new supermarket?
> [hEy iu: o:lredl bi:n in DZa niu: su:pa'ma:'kit]
- Ai fost deja in noul supermarket?
Yes, they have a lot of customers there.
> [ies DZei hEy a lot av kastama'z DZea']
- Da, au foarte multi cumparatori.
You can take a trolley in this supermarket.
> [iu: kEn teik a troli in DZis su.pa'ma:'kit]
- Poti sa iei un camcior in acest supermarket.
Oh, yes. And they often have sales.
> [au ies End DZei ofn hEy seilz]
- Da.
Yesterday I bought a lot of things at discount.
> [iesta'del al bo:t a lot av T'in(g)z Et diskaunt]
- leri am cumparat 0 multime de lucruri la pret redus.
It was a great bargain.
> [it "oz a greit ba:'gin]
- A fost
My shopping-bag was full, and I didn't spend too much money.
> [mai ~opin(g) bEg U az ful End ai didnt spend tu: mat~ mani]
-
And the shop-assistants are always ready to help you.
> [End DZa ~op asistants a:' o:lueiz redl tu help iu:]
-
You can always get a receipt at the cash-desk.
> [iu: kEn 0: IU eiz get a risi:t Et DZa kE~ desk]
- Poti obtine intotdeauna o chitanta la casa.
You can also give the shop-assistant your shopping-list and wait near the eXIt.
> [iu: kEn olsau giv DZa ~op asistant 10:' ~opm(g) list End Ue1t nia' DZi egzlt]
- Poti, de asemenea, sa-i dai viinzatoarei iista ta de cumparaturi ~i sa a~tepti liinga ie~ire.
She will bring you your shopping.
> [~I: ull brm igl
- Ea iti va aduce cumparaturile.
And they always have beautiful shop-windows.
> [End DZei 0:lue1z hEy biu:tifal ~op uindauz]
IU
10:' ~opmlg)]
~i
au des reduceri.
0
adevarata afacere.
Saco~a
mea era plina nu am cheltuit prea multi bani. ~i
-
~i viinzatorii sunt gata intotdeauna sa te ajute.
~i au intotdeauna vitrine minunate.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Ciite case aveti in magazin?
- How many >cash-desks have you in the shop?
Imi place sa cumpar la viinzarea soldurilor.
- I love to buy at >sales.
Caruciorul meu este plin.
- My >trolley is full.
Am doar
0 saco~a
- I have only one >shopping-bag.
pentru cumparaturi.
11
Acest supermarket este cel mai bun din ora~ul nostru.
- This >supennarket is the best in our town.
Aici sunt patru ie~iri.
- There are four >exits here.
Acest vanzator este foarte dragut.
- This >shop-assistant is very nice.
Multi cumparatori pleaca acum.
- Many >customers are leaving now.
Am pierdut chitanta.
- I have lost the >recelpt.
Aceasta casa este la un pret foarte bun.
- This house is a >bargain.
Ai facut deja !ista de cumparaturi?
- Have you already made the >shopping-!ist?
In vitrina este un radio dragut.
- There is a nice radio in the >shop-window.
Facem mari reduceri.
- We give large >discounts.
Traduceti in !imba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte: vanzare la pret favorabil, afacere
> bargain
saco~a
> shopping-bag
(de cumparaturi)
vitrina
> shop-wmdow
vanzator, vanzatoare
> shop-assistant
le~lre
> exit
!ista de cumparaturi
> shopping-hst
reducere de preturi
> discount
carucior
> trolley
vanzarea soldurilor, reduceri
> sales
cumparator
> customer
12
chitanta
> receipt
casa (lntr-un magazin)
> cash-desk
supermarket
> supermarket
Desigur vd mai amintili de pronumele some (catva, cativa, ceva, ni~te, unii, putin): I have some books.
- Am citeva carti.
I have some sugar.
- Am ceva zahar.
La forma negativa ~i interogativa in locullui some se folose~te pronumele any[cm]. Acest pronume se folose~te in urmatoarele cazuri: la singular ~i la plural, cu substantive care au plural ~i cu cele care nu au forma la plural ~i in propozitii interogative ~i negative (in unele cazuri ~i in cele afirmative).
lata cateva exemple: Have you any bread at home?
> [hEv iu: eni bred Et haum]
- Ai (ni~te) paine acasa?
Has she any coffee?
> [hEz ~l: eni kofi]
- Ea are (ni~te) cafea?
Have they any children?
> [hEv DZCl eni tsildran]
- Au copii?
Have we any tea at home?
> [hEv lli: eni ti: Et haum]
- Avem (ni~te) ceai acasa?
in limba eng/ezd pronumele any nu poate fi omis din propoziliile interogative. in limba romtinii traducerea acestui cuviint nu este necesarii. Uneori se traduce totu$i, mai ales ciind se referii la cantitiiti miCl (vezi exemplele anterioare). Puneti la forma mterogativa urmiHoarele propozitii: He saw some cars.
> Did he see any cars?
My parents have some friends.
> Have my parents any friends?
Her sister has some good books.
> Has hcr sister any good books?
Mary has some customers in her shop.
> Has Mary any customers in her shop?
Dacd rdspundem afirmativ la intrebarea in care apare pronumele any, atunci riispunsul poate cuprinde: a lot of, some, a little, a few ~i/sau alte pronume care fac referire la cantitate. Have you any receipts?
Yes, I have some.
- Da, am cateva.
Has she any milk?
Yes, she has a little.
- Da, (ea) are putin.
Have they any cars?
Yes, they have a lot of cars.
- Da, au 0 multime de
Have you any trolleys?
Yes, we have a few.
- Da, avem cateva.
13
ma~ini.
Daca raspunsul este negativ, atunci putem folosi doua constructii: Have you any receipts?
- No, I haven't any receipts.
- No, I have no receipts.
- Nu am chitanta.
Have you any time?
- No, I haven't any time.
- No, I have no time.
- Nu am timp.
Have they any money?
- No, they haven't any money.
- No, they have no money.
- Nu au bani.
Nu uitati ca not any
~i
no inseamna acela~i lucru - a nu avea deloc.
Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza. In cazul negatiilor folositi ambele forme: Au cativa caini.
> They have some/a few dogs.
Nu avem tablouri (nici un tablou).
> We haven't any pictures. > We have no pictures.
Ai caini?
> Have you any dogs?
Nu vad oameni aici (pe nimeni).
> I see no people here. > I don't see any people here.
Am putin unt.
> I have some/a little butter.
Nu cunosc dactilografe (nici
0
dactilograili).
> I know no typists. > I don't know any typists.
lata alte cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
important
> [impo:'tant]
- important, semnificativ
satisfied (with)
> [sEtisfaid]
- satisilicut, multumit (de)
hardly
> [ha:'dli]
- abia, mai deloc, prea putin
hardly any
> [ha:ldli eni]
- abia, putin/un pic
hardly ever
> [h a r dII e\ alJ
- nu prea, mai niciodata, foarte rar
true
> [tru ]
- adevarat
even
> [i \ n]
- chiar, pana
How much is ... ?
> [h,ll!
cash
>
unskilled
> [anskild]
- necalificat
useful
> [iu:sfal]
- folositor
~i,
nici macar
- Cat costa... ?
ll1at~ IZ]
- bani gheata, bani in numerar
[kE~]
14
Acum repetati cuvintele intr-o ordine diferita: true
> [tnt:]
- adevarat
unskilled
> [anskild]
- necalificat
hardly ever
> [ha:fdli evaf]
- nu prea, mai niciodata, foarte rar
useful
> [iu:sfal]
- folositor
How much is ... ?
> [hau
hardly any
> [ha:fdh eni]
- abia, putin/un pic
satisfied (with)
> [sEtisfaid]
- satisfacut, multumit (de)
even
> [i:vn]
- chiar, pfma ~i, nici macar
hardly
> [ha:'dli]
- abia (daca), mai deloc, prea putin
important
> [impo:'tant]
- important, semnificativ
cash
> [kE~]
- bani gheata, bani in numerar
mat~
- Cit costa... ?
iz]
Adverbul hardly exprima 0 negatie. De aceea, alaturi de el nu se folose~te alt cuvant de negatie: I have hardly any friends.
- Abia daca mai am vreun prieten.
Sa mtroducem cuvintele noi in propozitii: mat~
How much is this clock?
> [hau
Were all customers satisfied?
>["a:f 0:1 kastama'z sEtlsfald]
- Au fost satisfacuti toti consumatorii?
I am hardly ever III thIS
> [al Em haofdil e\ a' III DZis
- Vin foarte rar in acest magazm.
shop.
iz DZis klok]
:'l'p J
- Cat costa acest ceas?
Is that story true?
>[IZ DIEt sto n tru.]
He always buys useful things.
> [hI: oYelz balz Pm,glz]
There is hardly any salt.
> [DZea' iz ha:'dlJ em so:lt]
This car is even cheaper.
> [DZis ka:' iz i:vn
You must pay in cash.
> [iu: mast pei in
They will fire ten unskilled labourers.
> [DZei Uil faia' ten anskil leibarafz]
- Vor concedia zece muncitori necalificati.
I have hardly any money.
> [ai hEy ha:'dli cni mani]
- Abia daca mai am ceva bani.
IU
- Este adevarata povestea aceea? sfal
t~i:paf]
kE~]
- EI cumpara intotdeauna lucruri utile. - Nu este sare mai deloc. - Aceasta ma~ina este chiar mai ieftina. - Trebuie sa plate~ti cu bani gheata.
Retineti urmatoarea expresie:
to pay in cash
- a plati cu bani gheata, a plati in numerar
15
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: E~ti
- Are you >satisfied with your job?
multumit de locul tau de munca?
Toata lumea spline ca este 0 poveste adevarata.
- Everybody says it is a >true story.
Cat costa aceasta bicicleta?
- > How much is this bicycle?
Nici macar nu I-au concediat.
- They didn't >even fire him.
Nu vrem angajati necalificati.
- We don't want >unskilled employees.
Platim intotdeauna cu bani gheata.
- We always pay >m cash.
Este foarte important pentru mine.
- It is very >important for me.
Ea nu a vorbit mai deloc.
- She >hardly spoke.
Nu merg aproape niciodata la meciuri.
- I >hardly ever go to matches.
Traduceti urmatoarele expresii in limba engleza: foarte putinl un pic
> hardly any
util
> useful
important
> Important
abia, mai deloc
> hardly
Cat costa... ?
> How much is ... ?
necalificat
> unskilled
mai niciodata
> hardly ever
satisIacut (de)
> satisfied with
adevarat
> true
~i
> even
bani gheata
> cash
pana
Acum sa fnVli{am formele compuse ale pronumelui some:
- ceva
something somebody
- cineva
>[sambadi]
- undeva
somewhere
lata cateva exemple: I have something to tell you.
> [ai hEy samTsin(g) tll tel iu:] - Am ceva sa-ti spun.
It must be somewhere.
> [It mast bi: samUea']
- Trebuie sa fie undeva.
Somebody is standing near our car.
> [sambadl 1Z stEndin{g) ma' aua' ka:']
- Cineva sm langa ma~ina noastra.
16
in propozi!iile interogative in locullui some se folosesc formele compuse ale pronumelui any: nau enibadi hia r ]
Cuno~ti
Do you know anybody here?
> [ du
Did he give you anything?
> [did hi: giv iu: eniTSm(g)]
- Ti-a dat eeva?
Do you see Mary anywhere?
> [du iu: si: meari eniUeaf ]
- 0 vezi undeva pe Maria?
IU:
-
pe eineva aici?
Dacii riispunsul este negativ, atunci folosim formele compuse ale cuvdntului any, iar verbul din propozi/ie va ji la forma negativii. Cdnd folosim formele compuse ale lui no, atunci verbul va ji la forma ajirmativii. Nu uitali cii in limba englezii nu existii dub Iii negalie.
Sa exemplifieam explieatia anterioara: Do you know anybody here? No, I don'(know anybody here.
> [nau al daunt nau enibadi hlaf ]
No, I know' nobody here.
> [nau ai nau naubadi hia r ]
Did he give you anything? No, he didn't give me anything.
> [nau hi: didnt glV mi: eniTSin(g)]
No, he gave me nothing.
> [nau hi: geiv mi: naTsm(g)]
Do you see Mary anywhere? No, I don't see her anywhere.
> [nau ai daunt si: ha: f eniUear ]
No, I see her nowhere.
> [nau ai si: ha: f nauUea r ]
- Nu eunose pe nimeni aiei.
- Nu mi-a dat nimie.
- Nu 0 vad nieaieri.
Traducetl in lImba engleza urmatoarele propozitii. Pentm propozitiile negative folositi ambele structuri: Nu vreau sa \orbesc cu mmem.
> 1 don't want to talk to anybody. > I want to talk to nobody.
Le-ai vazut undeva pe aceste fete?
> Have you seen these gIrls anywhere?
Nu-mi place de nimeni.
> I don't like anybody. > I like nobody.
Poate cineva sa plateasca cu bani gheata?
> Can anybody pay in cash?
Sora mea este undeva in Anglia.
> My sister is somewhere in England.
Acest om nu
iube~te pe
> This man doesn't love anybody. > This man loves nobody.
nimeni.
> DId you meet anybody important there?
Ai intiilnit acolo pe cineva important?
17
Iar acum sa recapitulam intreaga lectie. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Colegii
no~tri
> Our colleagues are applying for a raise.
solicita 0 marire de salariu.
Trebuie sa reducem
> We must reduce unemployment in Romania.
~omajulin Romania.
Salariatii ~i conducerea se intalnesc maine sa negocieze salariile.
> The employees and the management are meeting tomorrow to negotiate wages.
Membrii sindicatului nostru ca~tiga mai mult.
> The members of our trade-union earn more.
Cati muncitori au concediat in ultima vreme?
> How many labourers have they recently fired?
Ai vazut ceva interesant in imprejurimi?
> Have you seen anything interesting in the surroundings?
Ca~tigullui
> His proceeds are very high.
este foarte mare.
Inainte de a cumpara aceasta carte m-am interesat de continutul ei.
> Before I bought this book I had asked about its contents.
Saptamana viitoare vor fi reduceri In supermarketul nostru.
> There will be sales in our
Vei primi chitanta la casa.
> You will get the receipt at the cash-desk.
Clientii no~tri sunt intotdeauna satisIacuti de cumparaturile avantajoase.
> Our clients are always satisfied
Inainte de a merge la cumparaturi am scris o lista de cumparaturi.
> Before I went shoppmg I had written a shopping-list.
Pot sa primesc
> Can I get a discount?
0
supermarket next week.
with their bargains.
reducere?
Ai ceas acasa?
> Have you any clock at home?
Nu prea ascult muzica.
> I hardly ever listen to music.
Cat costa aceasta fusta?
> How much is this skirt?
Nu voi spune nimanui despre asta.
> I won't tell anybody about it. > I will tell nobody about it.
> After I had started work John came.
Dupa ce am inceput lucrul a venit John.
Urmeaza un exercitiu de pronuntie. Literele accentuate din fiecare coloana desemneaza sunete identice: [E]
[0]
[u:]
[ei]
cash
trolley
true
sales
cat
job
blue
day
hat
clock
do
pay
can
sock
boot
say 18
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 17 • 17.1. The Past Perfect Tense - timpul trecut perfect 17.1. 1.
Utilizare
II folosim in cazul a doua actiuni din trecut, pentru a indica actiunea care s-a petrecut mai devreme. Acest timp indica faptul ca prima actiune s-a terminat deja. Cea de-a doua actiune se exprima cu timpul Simple Past. Complementele circumstantiale cel mai des utilizate alaturi de acest timp sunt:
17.1.2.
after
- dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce, ulterior
before
- inainte, in fata, dinaintea
Constructia propozitiei: subiect
17.1 3.
+
verb auxiliar
+
forma a III-a a verbului principal
+
She
had
read
this book ...
They
had
built
the house ...
Formarea interogativului Interog,ativul se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii subiectului ,,~
They had been here before I came. 17.1.4.
~i
a verbului auxiliar:
\
Raspunsuri afirmative
~i
- Had they been here before I came?
negative
Raspunsurile afirmative se alcatuiesc cu ajutorul adverbului "yes", a pronumelui personal ~i a verbului auxiliar "had". Negatiile se formeaza cu ajutorul cuvantului de negatie "no", a pronumelui personal, a verbului auxiliar "had" ~i a adverbului " "not. Expresia "had not" se prescurteaza "hadn't": Had you been here before I came?
- Yes, I had. - No, I had not. - No, I hadn't.
17.1.5.
Structura negativa "hadn't" se poate folosi ~i in propozitii afirmative: - Nu au vazut-o pe Maria inainte ca ea sa-i fi vizitat.
They hadn't seen Mary before she visited them. 17.2. Urmatoarele cuvinte apar de obicei la plural: contents oats proceeds riches thanks surroundings savmgs wages
19
continut, cuprins ovaz ca~tig (dintr-o activitate) avere, bogatie multumiri, recuno~tinta imprejurimi, vecinatate economii, bani pu~i de 0 parte salariu
17.3. "Some, any, no" I have some books.
- Am cateva carti.
I have some sugar.
- Am cevalputin zahar.
In propozitiile interogative in locullui "some" folosim adverbul "any". Acest adverb se folose~te alaturi de substantive care au sau nu au plural; atat la singular ~i plural. Have you any bread at home?
- Ai acasa paine?
Has she any friends?
- Ea are vreun prieten?
In cazul unui raspuns negativ, se folosesc doua structuri: Have you any receipts?
No, I haven't any receipts.
- Nu, nu am chitante.
No, I have no receipts. Retineti ca "not any" ~i "no" inseamna acela~i lucru "nici un, nici
0,
a nu avea deloc".
17.4. Fonnele compuse ale lui "some, any, no" something
- ceva
somebody
- cineva
somewhere
- undeva
In propozitii interogative in locullui "some" folosim formele compuse ale lui "any": -
Do you know anybody here?
Cuno~ti
pe cineva aici?
In cazul unui raspuns negativ se folosesc fonnele compuse ale lui "any" iar verbul are fanna negativa, sau formele compuse ale lui "no" ~i verbulla fonna afinnativa: Do you know anybody here?
No, I don't know anybody here. No, I know nobody here.
20
- Nu cunosc pe nimeni aici.
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 17 A.
B.
C.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana:
I.
Have you read anything about that accident?
2.
I had stopped smoking before I started to work in this office.
3.
Before they fired the unskilled labourers they had talked to them.
4.
Do you know the contents of this book?
5.
Did you get a receipt at the cash-desk in that supermarket?
6.
Do these shop-assistants get higher wages than the management?
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: 1.
Ce creZI despre fratele lui?
2.
Ai ceva bani
3.
Nu am vazut pe nimeni in acest parc.
4.
Inainte de a rna uita la film, am baut 0 cea~ca de cafea cu mama.
5.
Pot gasi oriunde asemenea farfurii?
6.
Cineva ~tie ca nu lucrezi aici.
pu~i
de
0
parte?
Corectati gre~elile din urmatoarele propozitii: I.
I haven't seen nobody in the street.
2.
I was at school before I returned home.
3.
This surroundings are very nice.
4.
My mother has any friends.
5.
He can't hardly cook dinner.
6.
They just took a trolley.
21
,..
LECTIA 18 ,
,..
PARTEA INTAI
Sa incepem lectia cu noile cuvinte care definesc articole de uz casnic. CititiIe cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie: towel
>
[taual]
- prosop
bucket
>
[bakit]
- galeata
fridge
>
[fridj]
- frigider
mop
>
[mop]
- carpa de
sink
>
[sin(g)k]
- chiuveta
tile
>
[tail]
- placa de faiantalteracota
gas-cooker
>
[gEs kuka f ]
- aragaz
tap
>
[tEp]
- robinet
cupboard
>
[kabad]
- dulap de bucatarie
rubbish-bin
>
[rabi;; bin]
- lada de gunoi
saucepan
>
[so:spEn]
- cratita
oven
>
[ ovn]
- cuptor
~ters
pe jos
Iar acum repetati-Ie intr-o alta ordine: tap
>
[tEp]
- robinet
oven
>
[ovn]
- cuptor
fridge
>
[fridj]
- frigider
tile
>
[tail]
- placa de faiantalteracota
gas-cooker
>
[gEs kuka f ]
- aragaz
saucepan
>
[so:spEn]
- cratita
sink
>
[sin(g)k]
- chiuveta
bucket
>
[bakit]
- galeata
cupboard
>
[kabad]
- dulap de bucatarie
towel
>
[taual]
- prosop
rubbish-bin
>
[rabi~
- lada de gunoi
mop
>
[mop]
I
22
bin]
- dirpa de
~ters
pe jos
Sa introducem noile cuvinte In propozitii: I want to change something in the kitchen.
> [ai Uont tu t~eindj samTsin(gj - Vreau sa schimb ceva in bucatarie. in Dza kit~an]
I will put the fridge near the door.
> [ai ull put DZa fridj nia' DZa do:']
- Voi pune frigiderul langa u~a.
These cupboards will hang on the walls.
> [Dzi:s kabadz uil hEn(g)
- Aceste dulapuri vor fi agatate pe pereti.
And I want to have tiles on the wall over the sink.
> [End a l Uont tu hEy tailz on - ~i vreau sa am faianta pe perete DZa uol auva' DZa sin(g)k] deasupra chiuvetei.
I think we can also change the tap.
> [ai Tsin(g)k ui: kEn olsau t~eindj DZa tEp]
- Cred ca putem schimba ~i robinetul.
We will buy a new gas-cooker and an electric oven.
> [Ui: uil bai a niu: gEs kuka' End an ilektrik ovn]
- Yom cumpara un aragaz nou ~i un cuptor electric.
The rubbish-bin and the bucket with the mop can be put here.
> [DZa rabi~ bin End DZa bakit uiD z DZa mop kEn bi put hia']
-
And the towel can be hanged near the smk.
> [End DZa taual kEn bi hEn(g)d nia' DZa sm(g)k]
- Iar prosopul poate fi agatat langa chiuveta.
And what about the saucepans?
> [End "ot abaut D'a so:spEnz]
-
I must think about it.
> [ai mast Pin(g)k abaut it]
- Trebuie sa rna gandesc la asta.
on DZa Uol z ]
23
Co~ul de gunoi ~i galeata cu carpa de ~ters pe jos pot fi puse aici.
~i
ce facem cu cratitele?
Completati unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu noile cuvinte: Curatam podeaua cu carpa de
~ters
- We clean the floor with a >mop.
pe jos.
Ia co~ul de gunoi.
- Take the >rubbish-bin.
De unde pot procura robinete mari?
- Where can I get big> taps?
Este ceva in galeata aceea.
- There is something in that> bucket.
Frigiderul nostru este vechi.
- Our >fridge is old.
Trebuie sa cumparam un aragaz nou.
- We must buy a new >gas-cookeI:
Farfuriile murdare sunt in chiuveta.
- Dirty plates are in the >sink.
Imi place faianta din acest magazin.
- I like the >tiles in this shop.
Aceasta cratita nu este suficient de mare.
- This >saucepan is not big enough.
Callta ceaiul in acest dulap.
- Look for the tea in this > clipboard.
Ai prosoape curate?
- Have you any clean >towels?
Cat costa acest cuptor?
- How much is this >oven?
Verificati in ce masura ati reu~it sa va insu~iti cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza unnatoarele cuvinte ~i expresii: co~
> rubbish-bin
de gunoi
cuptor,
ma~ina
> oven
de gatit
> towel
prosop carpa de
~ters
> mop
pe jos
dulap
> cupboard
aragaz
> gas-cooker
cratita
> saucepan
robinet
> tap
chiuveta
> sink
faianta
> tile
galeata
> bucket
frigider
> fridge
in continuare vom fnvii!a regulile de formare a adl'erbelor. Adverbele se potforma din adjective, prin adiiugarea termina!iei -Iy: beautiful
- minunat
beautifully
> [blU:t1rah]
- minunat, splendid
In acela~i mod, putem fonna adverbe din substantive care exprima timpul: month
-luna
monthly
week
- saptamana
weekly
day
- Zl
daily
>[manTSli]
- lunar, in fiecare luna
>[ dedi]
- saptamanal, in fiecare saptamana - zilnic, in fiecare zi
Aten!ie: in cuviintul daily litera y s-a transformat in i! 24
Aceastii schimbare intervine ~i dacii litera y este precedatii de 0 consoanii: easy
-
easily
u~or
> [i:zlli]
-
u~or,
cu
u~urinta
in multe cazuri, adjectivul ~i adverbul se traduc prin acela~i cuvant in limba romana. Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu adverbele corespunzatoare: Ea canta minunat.
- She sings >beautifully
Trenul merge foarte Incet.
- The train is going very >slowly
El a spus asta foarte trist.
- He said it very >sadly
Trebuie sa vorbim cu ei politicos.
- We must talk with them >politely
Acest copil scrie groaznic.
- This child writes >awfully
in limba engleza, corespondentullui bine este well. Retineti ca gradele sale de comparatie sunt identice cu ale adjectivului good: better - mai bine
well- bine
the best - cel mai bine
in englezd. la leI ca ~i in limba romtinii, unele adverbe au formii identicii cu adjectivele care Ie corespund late
- tarzlU. eu intarziere
high
-lnalt, sus
cheap
- leftm
long
- lung, indelungat
wide
-larg
hard
- tare, dur
fast
- repede. lute
early
- timpuriu, devreme
Retmeti ca in cazul lUI cheap "cheaply, widely".
~l
wide putem folosi
~i
terminatia Iy:
Sa invatam cateva verbe noi: to look
> [tu luk]
- a arata, a parea sa fie
to feel
> [tu fi:l]
- a simti, a se simti
to smell
> [tu smell
- a mirosi, a avea miros
to taste
> [tu tezst]
- a gusta, a avea gust (de)
to sound
> [tu saund]
- a suna, a rasuna
Doua dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate: forma a II-a
forma I
forma a III-a
feel
> [fi:l]
felt
> [felt]
felt
> [felt]
smell
> [smell
smelt
> [smelt]
smelt
> [smelt]
Verbele invatate anterior pot fi urmate doar de adjective. Nu se folosesc adverbe impreuna cu ele. 25
lata diteva exemple: I feel very good today.
> [ai fi:l veri gud tadei]
- Ma simt foarte bine azi.
You look beautiful.
> [iu: luk biu:tifal]
- Arati minunat.
The dinner tastes great.
> [DZa dina' teists greit]
- Cina are un gust grozav.
This music sounds good.
> [DZis miu:zik saundz gu:d]
- Muzica aceasta suna bine.
Mary's flowers smell nice.
> [meri:z t1aua'z smel nais]
- Fiorile Mariei au un miros placut.
Verificati daca ati inteles cum se folosesc adverbele. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare: Sotia mea tricoteaza minunat.
> My wife knits beautifully.
Azi rna simt foarte trist.
> I feel very sad today.
Ea arata foarte ciudat.
> She looks very strange.
Acum trebuie sa mergem repede.
> We must go fast now.
De ce lucrezi Cati bani
a~a
> Why are you working so hard?
de mult?
cheltuie~ti
> How much money do you spend weekly?
pe saptamana?
Tatal meu merge intotdeauna foarte incet.
> My father always walks very slowly.
Am cumparat asta foarte ieftin.
> I have bought It very cheap/cheaply.
Ea scrie ciudat.
> She writes strangely.
Mama mea conduce foarte bine.
> My mother drives very well.
Putem face asta foarte
u~or.
> We can do it very easily.
Sa invatam alte cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
to serve
> [tu sa:'v]
- a servi, a folosi
to wrap (up)
> [tu rEp ap]
- a impacheta
to deliver
> [tu dIliva']
- a distribui, a livra
to stock
> [tu stok]
- a se aproviziona, a avea marfuri in stoc
to support
> [tu sapo:'t]
- a sprijini, a sustine
insulated
> [insiuleitid]
- izolat
to let
> [tu let]
- a inchiria, a fi de inchiriat
for sale
> [fo:' seil]
- de vanzare
out of order
> [aut av o:'da']
- stricat, defect
greasy
> [gri:si]
- unsuros, alunecos
26
Recititi cuvintele, intr-o alta ordine: to support
> [tu sapo:rt]
- a sprijini, a sustine
to deliver
> [tu diliva r]
- a distribui, a livra
greasy
> [gri:si]
- unsuros, alunecos
insulated
> [insiuleitid]
- izolat
to let
> [tu let]
- a inchiria, a fi de inchiriat
to stock
> [tu stok]
- a se aproviziona, a avea marfuri pe stoc
to serve
>[tu sa:rv]
- a servi, a folosi
for sale
> [to:' seil]
- de vanzare
to wrap (up)
>[tu rEp ap]
- a impacheta
out of order
> [aut av o:rda r]
- stricat, defect
Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozitii: Is your house insulated?
> [jz ia: r haus insillieitid]
- Casa ta este izolata?
My sister's house is for sale.
>[ mai sistii'z haus iz fa: r seiJ]
- Casa surorii mele este de vanzare.
The fridge is out of order.
>[DZa fridj iz aut av o:rda r]
- Frigiderul este defect.
Don't use this plate. It is greasy.
> [daunt iu:z DZis pleit it iz gri:si]
- Nu folosi aceasta farfurie. Este unsuroasa.
There are a few rooms to let.
> [DZea r a: r a fiu: ru:mz tll let]
- Sunt cateva camere de inchiriat.
The shop-assistant will serve us.
> [DZa ~ap asisUmt Uil sa:rv as]
- Vanzatorul ne va servi.
Can you wrap up these books?
>[kEn ill: rEp ap D1n buks]
- Puteti impacheta aceste carti?
They will deliver the cupboards in the evening.
> [DZel uJ! dlliva r DZa kabadz m DZl i:vnm(g)]
- Ei vor livra dulapurile de bucatarie deseara.
The trade-union supports the labourers.
> [DZa treld lu:man sapo:rts DZa leibararz]
- Sindicatul sprijina muncitorii.
Completati urmataarele propozitii in limba engleza: La ce ora vei livra acest frigider?
- What time will you >deliver this fridge?
Casa noastra este izolata.
- Our house is >insulated.
De cat timp nu functioneaza Acesta unealta se
folose~te
ma~ina?
- How long has the car been >out of order? - This tool >serves to cut wood.
la taierea lemnului. 27
Ai mainile unsuroase. Ne vei sustine la
- You have >greasy hands.
~edinta?
- Will you >support us at the meeting?
Acest avion este de Inchiriat?
- Is this plane >to let?
Am avut asta pe stoc acum cinci ani.
- We >stocked it two years ago.
Casa vecinilor no~tri este de vanzare.
- Our neighbour's house is >for sale.
Vrei sa Impachetezi aceasta po~eta?
- Do you want to >wrap up this handbag?
Verificati daca ati expresii:
reu~it
sa retineti cuvintele noi. Traduceti In limba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte
izolat
> insulated
a Impacheta
> to wrap up
a tine/a avea marfuri pe stoc
> to stock
defect
> out of order
a livra
> to deliver
unsuros
> greasy
a servi
> to serve
a Inchiria
> to let
a sprijini
> to support
de vanzare
> for sale
~i
Cititi urmatoarea propozitie In limba engleza: I don't know where this book is.
- Nu
~tiu
unde este aceasta carte.
Propozi!ia subordonatii scnsa cu caractere ingro!fate se nume!jte intrebare indirecta!ji este introdusa de un pronume mterogativ (where, who, when), dupa care urmeaza topica obi!jnuita a unei propozi!ii ajirmative.
De exemplu: Tell me when they WIll come.
- Spune-mi cand vor veni.
Don't tell them where I have put my savings.
- Nu Ie spune unde mi-am pus economiile.
Conform exemplelor prezentate anterior, traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza: ~tii
cat costa asta?
> Do you know how much it is?
Spune-mi dind pot sa te vizitez. Nu
~tiu
cine
serve~te
> Tell me when I can visit you.
aici.
> I don't know who serves here.
Peter ne va spune care casa este de Inchiriat.
> Peter will tell us which house is to let.
~tii
> Do you know what his children are doing?
ce fac copiii lui?
28
lata cateva verbe noi: ~terge
to mop
> [tu mop]
- a
to iron
> [tu aian]
- a calca (cu fierul)
to dust
>[tudast]
- a
to peel
>[tupi:l]
- a coji, a curata (legume, fructe)
to empty
> [tu empti]
- a goli, a descarca
to tum on
> [tu ta:fn on]
- a deschide, a da drumul, a aprinde (lumina)
to tum off
> [tu ta:fn of]
- a opri, a stinge, a inchide
~terge
(pe jos)
praful
Sa introducem aceste verbe in propozitii: > [ai hEv o:lredi mopt DZa flo:']
- Am ~ters deja pe jos.
the floor. Will you iron this shirt for me?
> lUi] iu: aian DZis fo:'mi:]
- Vrei sa-mi calci asta?
We must dust the chairs.
> lUi: mast dast DZa t~eafz]
Peel the potatoes for dinner.
> [pi:l DZa pateitouz fo:' dinaf] - Curata cartofii pentru cina!
Did you empty the ash-trays?
> [did iu: empti DZi E~treiz]
Turn on the TV set, please.
> [tcl:'n on DZa ti: vi: set pli:z] - Da drumulla televizor, te rog.
You must turn off the tap.
> [IU: mast ta:fn ofDza tEp]
I have already mopped
~a:'t
cama~a
- Trebuie sa ~tergem praful de pe scaune.
- Ai golit scrumierele?
- Trebuie sa inchizi robinetul.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: In timp ce calcam fusta, s-a intors sotul meu.
- While I was >ironing the skirt my husband returned.
Inainte de-a incepe sa mananc micul dejun, am pomit aparatul de prajit paine.
- Before I started to eat breakfast I >had turned on the toaster.
Inca mai cureti aceste legume?
- Are you still >peeling these vegetables?
Golim co~ul de gunoi in fiecare dimineatlL
- We >empty the rubbish-bin every morning.
Trebuie sa
~tergi
Mama, putem sa in baie?
praful de pe biblioteca tao
- You must >dust your bookcase.
~tergem
- Mother, we can >mop the floor in the bathroom?
pe jos
Imi amintesc ca am oprit radioul inainte de-a pleca.
- I remember that I >had turned off the radio before I left.
29
Traduce1i cuvintele
~i
expresiile in engleza:
a opn
> to turn off
a ~terge pe jos
> to mop
a calca (cu fierul)
> to iron
a coji, a cura1a
> to peel
a deschide
> to turn on
a goli
> to empty
a ~terge praful
> to dust
Existen{a sau prezen{a, respectiv absen{a unei jiin{e sau a unui obiect se exprimii prin construc{ia there is/there are. Forma interogativii a acestei expresii se jormeazii prin inversarea ordinii subiectului gramatical there ~i a verbului auxiliar: There is a book on the table.
Is there a book on the table?
- Este a carte pe masa?
There are cars in the street.
Are there any cars in the street?
- Sunt ma~ini pe strada?
There has been a meeting here.
Has there been a meeting here?
- A fast a
~edin1a
aici?
Aceastii expresie poate ji folositii la toate timpurile. Fonnula1i intrebari pentru unnatoarele propozi1ii: There were many bicycles in that shop.
> Were there many bicycles in that shop?
There is a house for sale in London.
> Is there a house for sale in London?
There will be sales in this supermarket.
> Will there be sales in this supennarket?
Forma afirmatiwi se formeazii cu adverbul yes, subiectul gramatical there ~i verbul auxiliar. Pentru forma negativiifolosim cuvantul de nega{ie no, cuvantul there, verbul auxiliar ~i adverbul not: Is there coffee at home? - Da, este. Nu, nu este.
Yes, there is. No, there isn't.
> [nau DZear iznt]
~
Yes, there are. No, there aren't.
> lies DZear a:'] > [nau DZear a:'nt]
- Da, sunt. - Nu, nu sunt.
> [ies DZear Uil] > [nauDZearUount]
- Da, va fi. - Nu, nu va fi.
> [les D'ear
lZ]
Are there any mops here?
Will there be a meeting here? Yes, there will. No, there won't.
30
Formulati raspunsuri afirmative
~i
negative la urmatoarele intrebari:
Have there been any accidents this month? Yes, >there have.
No, >there haven't.
Yes, >there are.
No, >there aren'f.
Yes, >there will.
No, >there won't.
Yes, >there have.
No, >there haven't.
Are there any cups in the cupboard?
Will there be any good films on TV today?
Have there been any labourers here?
Va prezentam ultimul set de verbe noi din aceasta lectie: to offer
> [tu Ola']
-. a oferi
to permit
> [tu pamit]
- a permite
to allow
>[tualau]
- a permite, a da voie, - a admite
to promise
> [tu promis]
- a promite
to refuse
> [tu rifiu:z]
- a refuza, a respinge
Urmantl foloslrea acestor verbe in propozitii: He promised me a ne\\ car.
> [hI. prol1w,t mi' a nlll: ka:']
- El mi-a promis
Will they offer you a better job?
> [-11 D"el
- Iti vor oferi mai buna?
The managment refused to give me a raise.
> [0 ,: 1:1EmdJrnant nfiu:zd tl. ;1\ ill1: a relz]
- Conducerea a refuzat sa-mi dea o marire de salariu.
Mother will not allow you to go to the cinema.
> [m,ID-a' "11 not alau iu: tu gau tu DZa sinama]
- Mama nu-ti va da voie sa mergi la cinematograf.
Have they permItted:. ou to bring the dog'>
> [hEv DZei pamitid iu: tu brin(g) DZa dog]
- Ti-au permis sa aduci ciiinele?
3
or~l'
'u
bet:l' dwb ~
0
0 ma~ina
noua.
slujba
Completatl propozqiile urmatoare cu verbele corespunzatoare: Nu-ti permit sa fumezi aici.
- I don't> permit/allow you to smoke here.
Ea a refuzat sa rna ajute.
- She > refused to help me.
Promite-mi ca te vei intoarce devreme.
- > Promise me you will return early.
Pot sa-ti ofer doua apartamente.
- I can> otfer you two apartments.
31
Traduceti verbele unnlitoare in limba engleza: a oferi
> to offer
a refuza
> to refuse
a permite
> to permit
a ingadui
> to allow
a promite
> to promise
Iar acum sa sintetizam materia din aceasta parte a lectiei intr-un exercitiu. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: Trebuie sa golim repede frigiderul.
> We must empty the fridge fast.
Cand vor livra dulapurile?
> What time will they deliver the cupboards?
Ea a spus asta foarte politicos.
> She said this very politely.
Poti folosi aceasta galeata.
> You can use this bucket.
Cat ca~tigi lunar?
> How much do you earn monthly?
Aratati minunat impreuna.
> You look beautiful together.
Spune-mi unde sunt aceste cratite.
> Tell me where these saucepans are.
Poate cineva sa-mi calce bluza?
> Can anybody iron my blouse?
Este paine acasa'J
> Is there any bread at home?
EI a condus intotdeauna foarte bine
ma~ina.
> He has always driven the car very well.
32
LECTIA 18 - PARTEA A nOVA , Cititi cu atentie urmatorul dialog fiind atenti la pronuntie ~i intonatie. Cuvintele ~i silabele accentuate sunt scrise ingro~at: Peter:
Mary, have you heard that a lot oflabourers don't like their jobs?
Mary:
No, I haven't. And why don't they like their jobs?
Peter:
They say their wages are too low and they must often apply for a raise.
Mary:
Well, I have heard about that. But the management has refused their applications so far. Hardly any employees like the management.
Peter:
And the other problem is that there is unemployment in our surroundings. Even John has hardly worked this summer. The trade-union wants to negotiate about the strike.
Mary:
And all our employees are members of this trade-union. The management already knows about it and wants to fire some of the employees. Do you know how many people they want to fire')
Peter:
No, I don ·t. I think there must be a few. But there are many unskilled workers and they will not get a job.
John:
I must give my thanks to your mother because she has helped me.
Barbara: How did she help you? John:
You know I wanted to buy a car after I had earned more money. But I was still short of money and she gave me some.
Barbara: Today we must go to the supermarket to do some shopping. There are many things on my shopping-list. Now you can return this money! John:
Why must we go to the supermarket all the time?
Barbara: Because the shop-assistants are very polite there and they stock almost everything. And today they have sales there. John:
Good. today I'll take you to the supermarket in my new car.
Tom:
Mary, today we have a lot of work to do.
Mary:
I know. I must dust the tables, empty the rubbish-bin and iron my father's shirts.
Tom:
And I must place the gas-cooker somewhere else, because it cannot stand next to the fridge.
Mary:
But you can't do it today. All of our electric tools are out of order.
Tom:
I almost forgot about that. Then I'll go and buy a new electric oven to the kitchen.
Mary:
But Tom, we must pay for it in cash and right now we are short of cash.
Tom:
Then I will peel the vegetables for dinner.
33
Barbara: Now you can read it, but later I will turn on the radio and we can listen to some music. Peter:
But I want to read this book tonight. You know I read two books daily.
Barbara: What are the contents of that book? Peter:
The contents of this book are very important and useful for a secretary.
Barbara: Then I will also read that book.
Rezolvati urmatorul exercitiu care sintetizeaza intregul material al lectiei. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Colegii mei nu vor aceasta greva.
> My colleagues don't want this strike.
Ne vom intalni ca sa negociem maririle de salarii?
> Will we meet to negotIate raises?
Angajatii no~tri vor sa schimbe conducerea.
> Our employees want to change the management.
Inainte sa incepem lucrul, i-am a~teptat.
> Before we started work we had waited for them.
Dupa ce am scris doua timbre.
> After I had written a letter I bought two stamps.
0
scrisoare, am cumparat
~i
Cred ca voi solicita 0 slujba mai buna un salariu mai mare.
> I think I will apply for a better job and higher wages.
Anul acesta ei vor sa cultive ovaz.
> They want to grow oats this year.
Acum doi ani am locuit intr-o zona minunata.
> Two years ago we lived in beautiful surroundings.
Au marit deja salariile?
> Have they already raised wages?
Toti clientii sunt satisfacuti de cumparaturile din supermagazinul nostru.
> All customers are satisfied with the shopping in our supermarket.
Nu uita sa iei lista de cumparaturi
~i saco~a.
> Don't forget to take the shopping-list and the shopping-bag.
Fac reduceri doar in perioada soldurilor?
> Do they give discounts only during sales?
Trebuie sa las caruciorulla casa?
> Must I leave the trolley at the cash-desk?
El ca~tiga multi bani la pret redus.
> He earns a lot and buys only bargains.
~i
cumpara numai
Nu am prieteni in acest ora~.
> I haven't any friends in this town. > I have no friends In thIS town.
Ei nu-~i fac aproape niciodata tema pentru acasa.
> They hardly ever do homework.
Crezi ca acest dulap va fi util in bucatarie?
> Do you think this cupboard will be useful in the kitchen?
Aceasta ~tire este foarte importanta.
> This news is very Important.
Cat costa aceasta bicicleta?
> How much is thIS bycicle? 34
Aceasta poveste nu poate fi adevarata.
> This story can't be true.
Ai ceva sa-mi spui?
> Have you anything to tell me?
Unde sunt prosoapele?
> Where are the towels?
Inainte sa mergem la Mary noi am ~ters pe jos.
> Before we went to Mary we had mopped the floors.
El merge foarte ciudat.
> He walks very strangely.
Televizorul nu functioneaza.
> The TV set is out of order.
\Tanzatorul tocmai imi impacheteaza cumparatunle.
> The shop-asslstant is Just wrapping up my shoppmg
Intreaba-l cand inchide magazinul.
> Ask hIm \\ hen he shuts the shop.
~terge
> Dust the tables and Iron these clothes.
praful de pe mese
~i
calca aceste haine.
Poti sa opre~ti radioul?
>Can you tum off the radIO')
Sunt ni~te carti aici?
> Are there any books here?
"Don't forget to take the shopping-list and the shopping-bag."
In incheiere, va propunem un exercitiu de pronuntie. Literele de la inceputul coloanelor ~i cele scrise accentuat indica acela~i sunet: [i:]
[a]
[ai]
[ei]
peel
dust
iron
sale
seen
bucket
tile
make
leave
but
wide
late
green
sun
drive
date
35
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 18 , 18.1. Adverbe 18.1.1.
Majoritatea adverbelor se fonneaza din adjective, prin adaugarea tenninatiei ,,-ly": beautiful
- minunat
beautifully
- minunat
In mod similar se fonneaza adverbe ~i din substantivele care exprima timpul: month
-luna
monthly
- lunar, in fiecare luna
week
- saptamana
weekly
- saptamanal, in fiecare saptamana
da~
- Zl
daily
- zilnic, in fiecare zi
Retineti ca in cuvantul "daily", litera y s-a schimbat in i. Aceea~i
schimbare se petrece ~i in cazul in care litera -y este precedata de 0 consoana: -
18.1.2.
-u~or
In limba engleza adverbul corespunzator adjectivului "bun" este "well". Retineti: comparativul ~i superlativul lui "well" sunt identice cu fonnele corespunzatoare ale adjectivului "good": well
18.1 .3.
easily
u~or
- bine
better
- mai bine
the best
- cel mai bme
In limba engleza, la fel ca in limba romana, mai multe adverbe au fonna identica cu adjectivele corespunzatoare: late
- tarziu, cu intarziere
cheap
- ieftin
wide
-larg
fast
- repede, iute
high
- inalt, sus
long
- lung, indelungat
hard
- tare, dur
early
- timpuriu, devreme
In cazul adverbelor "cheap" ~i "wide" se fo1ose~te ~i terminatia ,,-ly": "cheaply, widely". 18.1.4. Alaturi de unele verbe pot sta doar adjective, nu adverbe: to look
- a arata, a parea sa fie
to feel
- a se simti, a simti, a avea 0 senzatie sau un sentiment
to smell
- a mirosi, a avea un miros
to taste
- a gusta, a avea un anumit gust
to sound
- a suna, a rasuna
36
18.2. Intrebari indirecte - Nu ~tiu unde este aceasta carte.
I don't know where this book is.
Propozitia subordonata este introdusa de un pronume interogativ (where, who, what etc.), dupa care urmeaza 0 propozitie cu structura afirmativa: Don't tell them where I have put my savings.
- Nu Ie spune unde mi-am pus economiile.
18.3. "There is/there are" 18.3.1.
Interogativul Interogativul se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii subiectului gramatical "there" ~i a verbului auxiliar: There is a book on the table.
Is there a book on the table?
- Este
0
carte pe masa?
18.3.2. Raspunsul afirmativ se formeaza cu adverbul "yes", subiectul gramatical "there" ~i verbul auxiliar. Negatia se compune din cuvantul "no", subiectul gramatical "there", verbul auxiliar ~i cuvantul "not": Is there coffee at home?
Yes, there is.
- Da, este.
No, there isn't.
- Nu, nu este.
Aceasta structura poate fi folosita la toate timpurile.
37
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 18 A.
B.
C.
Traduce!i urmatoarele propozi!ii in limba romana: 1.
They haven't delivered the sink and tap so far.
2.
Are there any mops to mop the floors?
3.
I don't know where they will stock the cupboards.
4.
At the moment he is working hard.
5.
She had looked beautiful before she cut her hair.
6.
My mother is satisfied with the new toaster.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: ~tiu
I.
Aceasta suna minunat, dar nu
2.
Sunt apartamente de inchiriat in aceasta cladire?
3.
£1 a spus asta foarte trist.
4.
Ne vei sprijini in timpul negocierilor?
5.
Muzica a sunat foarte bine, dar textul nu a fost interesant.
6.
Este cineva aici?
Corectati
gre~elile
cand putem merge acolo.
din urmatoarele propozitii:
I.
I didn't feel very well yesterday.
2.
There aren't any money in my purse.
3.
I know he works very hardly.
4.
Can you tell me what time must we be at school tomorrow?
5.
There isn't no restaurant in our surroundings.
6.
He usually eats one meal dayly.
38
Verbele neregulate din lectiile 17 ~i 18 forma a II-a
forma I
> [felt]
feel
> [fil]
felt
smell
> [smel]
smelt > [smelt]
39
forma a III-a
felt
> [felt]
smelt
> [smelt]
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 17 SI , , 18 after
> [a:fti'F]
- dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce, ulterior
to allow
> [tu alau]
- a permite, a da voie, a admite
any
> [eni]
- orice, oricare
anybody
> [enibadi]
- oricine, oricare, cineva
anything
> [eniTSini g)]
- orice, ceva
anywhere
> [eniUea r]
- oriunde, undeva
to apply for
> [tu aplai fa: r ]
- a se adresa pentru, a cere, a solicita
application
> [ Eplikei~an]
- cerere, solicitare
bargain
> [ba:rgin]
- vanzare la pret favorabil, chilipir, afacere
before
> [bifo: r]
- i'nainte (de), i'naintea, dinaintea
bucket
> [bakit]
- galeata
cash
>
[kE~]
cash-desk
>
[kE~
colleague
> [koli:g]
- coleg
contents
> [kontents]
- cuprins, continut
cupboard
> [kabad]
- dulap de bucatane
customer
> [kastama r]
- cumparator, client
to deliver
> [tu diliva r]
- a distribui, a livra
discount
> [diskaunt]
- reducere (de preturi)
to dust
> [tu dast]
- a
~terge
to earn
> [tu a:rn]
- a
ca~tiga
employee
> [emplaii:]
- angajat, salariat
to empty
> [tu empti]
- a goli, a descarca
even
> [i:vn]
- chiar, pana ~i, nici macar
exit
> [egzit]
-
to feel
> [tLl fi:l]
- a simti, a se simti
to fire
> [tLl faia r]
- a concedia
- bani gheatii, bani In numerar desk]
- casa (i'ntr-un magazin)
40
praful bani (prin munca)
ie~ire
for sale
>[fo:Tseil]
- de vanzare
fridge
> [fridj]
- frigider
gas-cooker
> [gEs kuka r]
- aragaz
greasy
> [gri:si]
- unsuros, gras
hard
>[ha:Td]
- tare, dur, greu
hardly
> [ha:Tdli]
- abia, mai deloc, prea putin
hardly any
> [ha:Tdli eni]
- abia, putin/un pic
hardly ever
> [ha:Tdli eva T]
- foarte rar, aproape niciodata, nu prea
How much is ...
>[hau
important
> [impo:Ttant]
- important, semnificativ
insulated
> [insiuleitid]
- izolat
to iron
>[tu aian]
- a calca (cu fierul)
job
>[djob]
- loc de munca, serviciu
labourer
> [leibaraT]
- muncitor
to let
>[tu let]
- a inchiria, de inchiriat
to look
>[tu luk]
- a parea, a arata, a avea aerul
management
> [mEnidjmant]
- conducere, administratie
member
>[memba T]
- membru
mop
>[mop]
- carpa de ~ters pe jos
to mop
>[tu mop]
- a
negotiations
> [nigau~iei~anz]
- negocieri
to negotiate
> [tu
nowhere
> [noUueaT]
- nicaieri, niciunde
oats
> [outs]
- ovaz
to offer
> [tu ofa r]
- a oferi, a acorda
out of order
> [aut ov o:rda T]
- stricat, defect
oven
>[om]
- cuptor
to peel
>[tu pi:!]
- a coji, a curata (Iegume/fructe)
to permit
> [tu pamit]
- a permite
proceeds
> [prousi:dz]
-
mat~
iz]
- Cat costa...
~terge
pe jos
- a negocia, a duce tratative
nigau~ieit]
41
ca~tig
(dintr-o activitale)
to promise
> [tu promis]
- a promite
raise
> [reiz]
- sporire, marire
to raise
> [tu reiz]
- a spori, a mari
receipt
> [risi:t]
- chitanta, nota de plata
to reduce
> [tu ridiu:s]
- a reduce, a mic~ora
to refuse
> [tu rifiu:z]
- a refuza, a respinge
riches
>
[rit~iz ]
- avere, bogatie
rubbish-bin
>
[rabi~
-
sales
> [seilz]
- reduceri, vanzarea soldurilor
satisfied (with)
> [sEtisfaid]
- satisIacut, multumit (de)
saucepan
> [so:spEn]
- cratita
savmgs
> [sezvin(g)z]
- economii (bani)
to serve
> [tu sa:rv]
- a servi, a fi folosit
shop-assistant
>
[~op
shopping-bag
>
[~opin(g)
bEg]
-
shopping-list
>
[~opin(g)
list]
- !ista de cumparaturi
shop-window
>
[~op
short of (something)
>
[~o:rt
sink
> [sin(g)k]
- chiuveta
to smell
> [tu smel]
- a mirosi, a avea miros
somebody
> [sambadi]
- cineva
somewhere
> [samUea r]
- undeva
to sound
> [tu saund]
- a suna, a rasuna
to stock
> [tu stok]
- a aproviziona, a tine/a avea marfuri pe stoc
strike
> [straik]
- greva
supermarket
> [su:parma:rkit]
- supermarket
to support
> [tu sapo:rt]
- a sprijini, a sustine
surroundings
> [saraundintg)z]
- imprejurimi, vecinatate
tap
> [tEp]
- robinet
to taste
> [tu teist]
- a gusta, a avea gust (de)
bin]
co~
de gunoi
- vanzator, vanzatoare
asistant]
saco~a
sau punga de cumparaturi
Uindau]
- vitrina
av]
- lipsa de (ceva)
42
recuno~tinta
thanks
> [TSEn(g)ks]
- multumiri,
tile
> [tail]
- faiantalteracota
towel
> [taual]
- prosop
trade-union
> [treid iu:nian]
- sindicat
trolley
> [troli]
- carucior (intr-un supermarket)
true
> [tru:]
- adevarat
to tum off
> [tu ta:rn of]
- a opri, a stinge, a inchide
to tum on
> [tu ta:1n on]
- a deschide, ada drumul, a aprinde (lumina etc.)
unemployement
> [animploimant]
-
unskilled
> [anskild]
- necalificat
useful
> [iu:stal]
- folositor, util
wages
> [Ueidjiz]
- salariu
well
> [Uel]
- bine
to wrap up
> [tu rEp ap]
- a impacheta
43
~omaj
RECAPITULARE 1.
2.
Propozitiile interogative introduse prin pronumele interogativ "who" au intotdeauna structura unei propozitii afirmative, iar verbul este la persoana a III-a singular. Who saw you?
- Cine te-a vazut?
Who wants the book?
- Cine vrea cartea?
Numeralele ordinale: the first
- primul, prima, intaiul, intaia
the second
- al doilea, a doua
the third
- al treilea, a treia
the fourth
- al patrulea, a patra
LECTIA 19 - PARTEA INTAI , In aceasta parte a lectiei yom invata cuvinte legate de starea vremii. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i tlti atenti la intelesul lor in limba romana: gale
> [geil]
vant putemic, vijelie
hail
> [heil]
grindina
shower
> haua ']
aversa, ploaie torentiala
ice
>
shade
> heid]
dew
> [diu:]
rais]
gheata umbra, nuanta roua r
thunderstorm
> [T'anda sto: '111 J
umbrella
> [ambrela]
umbrela
road
> [roud]
drum,
hurricane
> [harikan]
uragan
thaw
> [T'o: ]
dezghet, topire
sunny spells
> [sani spelz]
vreme insorita
-
fmtuna cu traznete, vijelie
~osea
Cititi din nou cuvintele, dar in alta ordine: thaw
> [TSo:]
dezghet, topire
umbrella
> [ambrela]
umbrela
shade
> [~eid]
umbra, nuanta
hail
> [heil]
grindina
sunny spells
> [sani spelz]
road
> [roud]
drum,
thunderstorm
> [T'andarsto:rm]
furtuna cu traznete
ice
> [ais]
gheata
gale
> [gcil ]
vant putemic, vijelie
hurricane
> [harikanl
dew
> [diu:]
roua
shower
> I~auar]
aversa, ploaie torentiala
-2-
- vreme insorita
-
~osea
uragan
lata cuvintele noi In propozitii: There were a lot of gales in January.
> l D"ea' "a :' a lot ov geilz in djEniLlari]
- Au fost multe vijelii In ianuarie.
There was some hail this morning.
> [ Dlea' "az sam heil DZis mo:'nin lgl ]
- Azi dimineata a fost grindina.
There is ice on the water.
> [Dlea' iz ais on Dla "o:ta']
- Este gheata pe apa.
Can you see the dew on the grass?
> l kEn iu: si: DLa diu: on DZa gra:s]
- Poti sa vezi roua pe iarba?
There are no thunderstorms in these surroundings.
> [Dlea' a:' nau Pand~l'sto:'mz - In aceste locuri nu sunt in D'i:z saraundin(g)z] furtuni cu traznete.
Don't forget your umbrella!
> l daunt forget io:' ambrela]
- Nu-ti uita umbrela!
This road is too narrow for a van.
> [Dlis raud iz tLl: nErau fo:' a YEn]
- Acest drum este prea Ingust pentru 0 furgoneta.
Hurricanes bring a lot of ram.
> [harikanz brin(g) a lot av rein]
- Uraganele aduc multa ploaie.
The thaw will start next month.
>[DZa Po: "il sta:'t nekst man T']
- Dezghetul va Incepe luna viitoare.
The shade is long in the afternoon.
> [D1a
There will be a shower in the morning.
> [D"e[l' "il bi: a ~aua' in D"a mo:'nin lg )]
- Dimineata va fi aversa.
Sunny spells don't often happen in autumn.
> [sani spclz daunt oti1 hEpn in o:t~lm]
- Toamna nu este des vreme Insorita.
~cid
iz !on(g) in D"i a: fta'nu:n]
- E multa umbra dupa amiaza.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare. Folositi filtrul Nu-mi place dezghetul. Ti-ai cumparat deja A fost
0
0
- I don't like >the thaw.
umbrela noua?
- Have you already bought a new >umbrella?
nuanta de zambet pe fata lui.
- There was a >Shade of smile on his face.
In aceasta primavara nu va fi grindina.
- There won't be any >hail this spring.
Ultima zi Insorita a fast in urma cu
- The last >sunny spell was a month ago.
0
luna.
Trebuie s-o luam pe acest drum.
- We must take this >road.
Vara imi plac furtunile cu trasnete.
- 1 love >thunderstorms in summer.
Este multa gheata pe rau.
- There is a lot of >ice on the river.
Chiar vrei sa
ie~i
ro~u:
pe acest vant puternic?
- Do you really want to go out in this >gale?
Uraganul este In apropierea Americii.
- The >hurricane is near America.
Dimineata este Intotdeauna roua pe iarba.
- There is always >dcw on the grass in the morning.
Cred ca maine vor fi averse.
- I think there will be >Showers tomorrow. 3
Traduceti propozqllle urmiHoare in Innba engleza.
lIm
plac toate nuantele de verde.
> I like all shades of green.
Acest drum este cel mal bun.
> ThIs road IS the best.
Luna aceasta au fost multe vlJelIi.
> ThIs month there have been many thundel storms.
Nu-ml plac aversele.
> I don't like showers.
Pune-tl pantofil! Este roua pe iarba.
> Put on your shoes! There IS dew on the grass.
Cand este dezghet, strazile sunt ude.
> When there IS thaw, the streets are wet.
Pot sa Iau umbreJa ta?
> Can I take your umbrella?
NO! am pierdut totul in tlmpul uraganului.
> \Ve lost everythmg m the hurncane.
Intr-adevar itl place cealUl rece cu gheata?
> 00 you Ieally like Ice-tea?
Sper ca aZI va fi vreme insonta.
> I hope there wIll be sunny spells today.
leri a fost ploale ~I gnndma.
> Yestelday we had ram and haIl.
lama sunt des vantun putemlce.
> [here are often gales In WInter.
Primavara va SOSI dupa ultImul dezghet.
> SPI mg \\ III come after the last thaw.
In aceasta Jeetle ne vom ocupa de 0 problema nnportanta a gramatIcn engleze, modul conditional. Propozltla condltlOnala este de trel tipun. lata primul tip. Tipul intii (1. Conditional) ~e refera la vuto/: indepl//urea cond/tiei, respect/v realtzarea activitiiru \'l/toare, este poslhila. lata cateva exemple. If you return thIS book you will get another
> [IfILl IIta.'n O/IS buk
If she leaves too late, she will be late for her bus.
> [If ~l iI. vz tu lclt r Sl ull bl. IClt fo. r ha· bas]
- Oaca ea pJeaca prea tarziu, va plerde autobuzul.
The weather will be nice If the temperatlll e Isn't lower.
> LOla L1 e D l a' L111 bl n,IlS If D/a tcmp[Jt~ar iznt loua']
- Vremea va fi placuta, daca temperatura nu va fi mai scazutii.
III
till gct ana0 7 a']
- Oaca inapoiezI aceasta carte, vel prum alta.
Deslgllr arl oh.\ervat cum se utllt:.ea:.a if [If] (inseal11na' daca, presllpunimd ca) in propozitil.
Rerl/lerl ca in propo:.ltia condltlOllala (care este Illtrodll~a pnn if) se foloseste tl/npul prezent simplu (SImple Present), far ill propo:'lrfa prinClpala ~e IItlltzeaza vlitorul Sllllplu (Sllnple Future).
4
Completati propozitiile unnatoare cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Daca ploua nu vom merge 1a plimbare.
- If it > ramswe won't go for a walk.
Nu vei fi un medic bun, daca nu inveti.
- You won't be a good doctor if you> don't learn.
Oaca maine e gel', vom ramane acasa.
- If there > IS frost tomorrow, we will stay at home.
Daca nll-~i ia umbrela, ea se va intoarce acasa uda.
- If she> doesn't take her umbrella she will return home wet.
lar acum sa invatam cateva adjective noi. Cititi cllvintele cu voce tare in limba romana:
~i
retineti corespondentullor
slippery
> [slipall]
- alunecos
severe
> [sl\ia']
- sever, aspru, cumplit
changeable
>
dense
> [dens]
- dens, compact
oppressIve
> [opresiv]
- apasator,
dangerous
> [dcmdjaras]
-periculos
Sa exersam
acelea~i
[t~cindjabl]
- schimbator
inabu~itor
cuvinte, dar intr-o alta ordine:
changeable
> [t;;emdlabl]
- schimbator
oppressive
>
- apasator,
slippery
> [slipan]
- alunecos
severe
> [slviarJ
- sever, aspru, cumplit
dense
> [dens]
- dens, compact
dangerous
> [dcmdjaras]
-periculos
[OpICSIV]
Cititi cu voce tare unnatorlll dialog scurt in care apar A: B: A: B:
~i
inabu~itor
cuvintele noi:
Do you like the weather today? No, it's awful. In the morning the fog was so dense that I didn't see my car. Yes, and the streets were slippery. It was dangerous. I think this winter will be severe. I am not sure. The weather is always changeable in November. And it's better than the oppressive heat in summer.
lata propozitiile din text
~i
traducerea lor in limba romana:
Do you like the weather today?
> [dll iu. lalk [Ya lIefYa' ladc!]
No, it's awfuL.
>
[lldll lis II
IlJ
- iti place azi vremea?
- Nu, este groaznica.
5
In the morning the fog was > [111 D\l mo:'nin(g) D/a so dense that I didn't see my l'og U oz sou d ens DIE~t al. r car. didnt si: mai ka: ]
Dimineata ceata a fost atat de deasa, incat nu mi-am vazut ma~ina. Da, ~i strazile au fost alunecoase.
Yes, and the streets were slippery.
> [/\:s End D/a stri:ts ua:r
It was dangerous.
> !it uoz deindjaras]
A fost periculos.
I think this winter will be severe.
> [ai r'in(g)k D/IS uintar IIi]
Cred ca aceasta iarna va fi aspra.
I am not sure.
> [ai Em not ;;ua']
Nu sunt sigur.
The weather is always changeable in November.
> [D/a ueD/al IZ o:luelz
In noiembrie vremea este intotdeauna schimbatoare.
sliparil
bi: sidi/]
t;;eindjabl
In
nouvemb[\I] r
And it's better than the oppressive heat in summer.
> [End its beta D/En D/a opresiv 11I.t in sal1la')
Si este mai bine decat caldura inabu~itoare vara.
Desigur ati memorat deja cuvintele noi. Completati unnatoarele propozitii cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: S-a depus un ger cumplit.
> Sevel e frost has set in.
In Romania avem
We have> changeable weather in Romania.
vreme schimbatoare.
0
Este un trafic intens pe strazi. Drumul a fost alunecos pe jos.
a~a
There is > dense traffic in the streets.
ca noi am mers
Aceste animaIe pot fi periculoase. Vara aceasta a fost
0
caldura
The road was> "lIppery so we went on foot. These animals can be > dangerous.
inabu~itoare.
This summer there has been> oppressIve heat.
"Severe frost has set in."
-6-
Traducetl in hmba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte. Folosltl filtrul
ro~u:
schimbator
> Lhangeable
dens
> dense
alunecos
> slippery
sever
> scvere
inabu~itor
> oppressive
periculos
> dangcrous
Numeralele ordinale invatate pana acum sunt: the first
- primul, prima, intaiul, intaia
the second
- al doilea, a doua
the third
- al trellea, a treia
the fourth
- al patrulea, a patra
Celelalte numerale ord/llale se formeazii prin adiiugarea ternlll1a!iel -th la l1umeralele cardinale: SlX
sixth
> [siksT']
seven
seventh
> [sevnT S ]
Ortografia
IIIlOra
dintre numerale ordinale se schil11bii prin adiiugarea terl11ina!iei -th:
five
fifth
> [fifP]
twelve
twelfth
> [tUclfP]
in ca::ul ill care Ilumeralele se terl11inii in -y, acesta se preschimbii in -ie, la adiiugarea terl11ina!iei -th: twenty
> [t"entlaT']
twentieth
in cazul numeralelor urdlllale compuse - ca de exemplu "al douii::eci ,~i unulea, al dOllea, al trezlea ", in englezii folosim cuvintele first, second, third, etc.: al douazeci al trelzeci ~aizeci ~i
~i
~I
unulea
doilea
treilea
- the twenty- first
> [t"entl fa:rst]
- the thirty-second
> [T'a:rti sekand]
- the sixty-third
> [sikstl T'a 'd]
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: > It was our tenth day of work.
A fost a zecea noastra zi de lucru. Aceasta carte este pe al douazeci raft la dreapta.
> ThiS book IS on the twenty-sixth shelf on the nght.
~i ~aselea
> The 1"01 ty-se\ enth tcacher has Just dppllcd for the lob.
Al patruzeci ~I ~aptelea profesor tocmai a solicitat sluJba. 7
Daca numeralele sunt sCl'ise cu cifi-e, atunci c!frelor Ii se adauga ultimele doua litere ale formei serise eu litere: first
1st
second
2nd
third
3rd
twenty-fifth
25th
Acum sa Invatam
~ase
verbe noi:
to need
> [tll nl:dl
a avea nevoie de, a trebui
to freeze
> [tll fri:z]
a Ingheta, a degera
to melt
> [tll melt]
a topi, a se topi
to drizzle
> [tLl dtizl]
a bumita
to drop
> [tu drop]
a picura, a ciidea, a scapa
to set in
> [tLl set in]
a Incepe, a se instala
Sa exersam
acela~i
verbe Intr-o alta ordine:
to drop
> [tLl drop]
a picura, a cadea, a scapa
to melt
> [tLl melt I
a topi, a se topi
to set in
> [tLl set in]
a Incepe, a se instala
to need
> [lLl nut]
a avea nevoie de, a trebui
to drizzle
> ItLl drizl]
a bumita
to freeze
> [tLl fri:z]
a Ingheta, a degera
Dintre verbele de mai sus, doua sunt neregulate. lata formele lor: forma a I-a freeze
> I !tTZ]
set in
> [set
mJ
forma a II-a
forma a III-a
froze
> [fIOUZ]
frozen
> [frollll1]
set in
> [set Ill]
set in
> [set 111]
Sa folosim aceste verbe In propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare romana: He has always needed our help.
> [hi' hEz o:llle/z l1i:did l
aua help]
The water has frozen.
~i
urmariti traducerea In limba
El a avut Intotdeauna nevoie de ajutorul nostru. Apa a Inghetat.
The thaw will set in next month.
> [O/a T'o: lid set
The ice has already melted.
> [D/i alS hEz o'lredi
111
manT']
meltid]
-8-
nekst
- Dezghetul va Incepe luna viitoare. - Gheata s-a topit deja.
We won't go to town if it drizzles tomorrow.
> l"i: "ount gau tu taun if it drizlz tamorau]
- Nu vom merge in ora~ daca va burnita maine.
Don't drop this magazine on the floor.
> [daunt drop D/is mEgazi:n on DZ~\ flo:']
- Nu scapa pe podea aceasta revista.
In exercitiul urmator completati urmatoarele propozitii cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor: A cazut ceva de pe masa.
- Something has >dropped from the table.
Gheata se va topi primavara.
- Ice will >melt in spring.
Trebuie sa congelam ni~te mancare.
- We must >freeze some food.
Ai nevoie azi de
)na~ina?
- Do you >need the car today?
Daca incepe un inghet aspru, vom parasi acest ora~.
- If severe frost >sets in we will leave this town.
A bumitat ieri toata ziua.
- It >drizzled all day yesterday.
Desigur v-ati
insu~it
deja verbele noi. Traduceti in limba romana:
a ingheta
> to freeze
a avea nevoie de
> to need
a se topi
> to melt
a se instala, a incepe
> to set in
a burnita
> to drizzle
a scapa
> to drop
Cititi cu atentie propozitiile: ma~ini
They make cars in this factory.
- Ei fac
Cars are made in this factory.
- In aceasta fabrica se fac ma~ini.
in aceasta fabrica.
Ati sesizat deosebirea?
Propozi{ia a doua este la diateza pasiva (Passive Voice [pa: siv vois)), care se folose,~te atunci ciind subiectul este obiectul care suferd ac{iunea iar autorul ac{iunii este exprimat printr-ul1 complement. Diateza pasiva se compune din forma corespunzatoare a verbului to be ~i forma a III-a a verbului principal.
9
lata dHeva exemple: > [Dza hEmal' lI oz faund in
The hammer was found in the shed.
DZa ~edj
The floor in the kitchen will >
lD\\ flo:1' in D/a
be mopped tomorrow.
lIj]
- Ciocanul a fast gasit in ~ura.
kil~an
Podeua din bucatarie va fi spalata maine.
bi: mopt tamorouj
Unneaza un exercitiu u~or. Transfonnati propozitiile din diateza activa in diateza pasiva. Completati propozitiile: She emptied the basket.
The basket> was emptied.
She has ironed her son's shirts.
Her son's shirts> have been ironed.
We will negotiate a raise tomorrow.
A raise> will be negotiated tomorrow.
They deliver newspapers every day.
Newspapers> are delivered every day.
!/~~~~ser~~t,~~~;:~~~~;~~~I~~entuI~~:~~~;~pozitieila di~teza I I
activa devine subiectul propozitiei la diateza pasiva.
l -._-_._- ._
...
_._- -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ . - ..
_---_ .._-_.
I
__. _ - - - - - - - - - - . - /.
Sa recapitulam materialul acestei parti a lectiei. Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Am uitat sa iau umbrela.
> I have forgotten to take the umbrella.
Am avut doar cil.teva furtuni cu trasnete vara aceasta.
> We have had only a few thunderstonTIs this summer.
Acest drum a fost construit in urma cu doi am.
> This road was buill two y ~ars ago.
Al doisprezecelea politist a sosit prea tarziu.
> The twelfth policeman caine too late.
Daca nu lucrezi nu vei avea bani.
> If you don't work you will not have money.
Toate scrisorile au fost trimise deja.
> All letters have already b,:en sent.
vom vizita pe John ~i pe Mary dad nu ploua marunt.
> We ""ill visit John and Mary if it doesn't drizzle.
Ii
Puloverul meu a fost
cro~etat.
> My sweater has been knitted.
Daca ceata este deasa, nu vom vedea nimic.
> If the fog is dense, we witl see nothing.
Drumurile alunecoase sunt foarte periculoase.
> Slippery roads are very ch,ngerous.
Am nevoie de
> I need a
0
multime de haine noi.
Acesta este al cincizecilea angajat al nostru.
101
of new clothes.
> This is our fiftielh employee.
- 10-
LECTIA 19 - PARTEA A DaDA , Furtunile ;;i ploile din prima parte a lectiei ne-au Iacut sa ne gfmdim la caminul nostru confortabil. Sa intram in donnitor: double bed
> [dabl bed]
- pat dublu
sheet
> [~i:t]
- cear;;af
blanket
> [hIEn{g)kit]
- piltura
pillow
> [pilou]
- perna
bedspread
> [bedspredj
- cuvertura de pat
alarm clock
> [ala:1m klok I
- ceas de;;teptiitor
sheets
> [~i:tsl
- cear;;afuri, foi de hartie
wardrobe
> C'o:'droub]
- garderoba, ;;ifonier, dulap de haine
rug
> [rag]
- covora;;, carpeta
dressing-gown
> [dresin(g) gaun]
- halat, capot
single bed
> [sing I bed]
- pat de
dream
> [dri:lll]
- vis
nightmare
> [naitmefl']
- co;;mar
0
persoana
Repetati cuvintele ;;i in aWi ordine. Exersati pronuntia ;;i retineti sensul lor in limba romfma: rug
> [rag]
- covora;;, carpeta
dream
> [dri:m]
- vis
bedspread
> [bedspredl
- cuvertura de pat
double bed
> [dabl bed]
- pat dublu
pillow
> [pilau]
- perna
nightmare
> [naitmcf{]
- co;;mar
blanket
> [bIEnlg)kitj
- patura
wardrobe
> [uo:rdroub]
- garderoba, ;;ifonier, dulap de haine
alarm clock
> [ala:rm klakj
- ceas de;;teptator
sheet
> r~i:t]
- cear;;af
dressing-gown
> ldresin(g) gaun]
- halat
single bed
> [singl bed]
- pat de
sheets
> [;;i:tsJ
- cear;;afuri, foi de hartie
- 11 -
0
persoana
Sa citim cu voce tare dialogul, in care am folosit
A: B: A: B:
A: B: A: B:
~i
cuvintele noi:
What do you want to have in our bedroom? We must have one double bed or two single beds. I think we can have a wardrobe in the corner of the room. Yes, and two small rugs near the bed. I want to buy many new things. I am thinking about new dressing-gowns, new pillows and blankets. ... new sheets and a large bedspread. Can we afford it? I hope we can. We can also buy a new electric alarm clock. They are very good. Will we buy new, nice dreams too? I think that after we buy all the new things we can afford only nightmares. They are cheaper.
Sa analizam acum separat fiecare propozitie. Cititi propozitiile
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
What do you want to have in> [u ot du iu: uont tu hEv in - Ce vrei sa avem in noul our new bedroom? aLla' nlU: bedrumJ nostru donnitor? We must have one double bed or two single beds.
> lUi: mast hEv bed
0:
1
lI
an dabl
tu: sing] bedz]
I think we can have a big > [al T\n(1!)k ui: kEn hEv a wardrobe in the comer of the · 1I o. I'd rou b'111 D Z ab Ig room. ko:1n[\1 ov DZa ru:m]
Yes, and two small rugs near>
I ics End tLl smo.l ragz
the bed.
nia' D\\ hed]
I want to buy many new things.
> [ai uont tLl bai me111 nlU:
T'intg)z]
> [ai Em T'in l 1!)kin(g) abaut I am thinking about new dressing-gowns, pillows and nlLl: dresin(g) gaunz blankets. piloLlz End blEn(g)kits]
a la:l'dj
Trebuie sa avem un pat dublu sau doua paturi simple. Cred ca putem avea un ~ifonier mare in coltul camerei. Da, ~i doua langa pat.
covora~e
mici
Vreau sa cumpar multe 1ucruri noi. Ma gandesc la ha1ate noi, peme ~i paturi.
... cear~afuri noi ~i 0 cuvertura de pat mare.
... new sheets and a large bedspread.
> [n/Ll. :;;i:t<: End
Can we afford it?
> [kFn ul. fIfo t d it]
Ne putem pennite asta?
I hope we can.
> [
Sper ci'i putem.
We can also buy a new electric alann clock.
> [ul: kEn olsou bal
bedspred]
a niu:
ilektnk rda:1m klok]
They are very good. Will we buy new, nIce dreams too?
Putem deasemenea cumpara ~i un ceas de~teptator electric nou. Sunt foarte bune.
> [till ul. bal niLl. l1alS dl! mz tu']
- 12-
Vom cumpara placute?
~i
vise noi,
l I think that after we buy all > [ai T'm()2Jk D/Et a:fta the new things we can afford lIj: hal 0:1 D/fl nllJ: only nightmares. T'in()2)z IIi. k1:11 Mold
ounli na/tml.:fllzj 1
> !D\:i a: t"i.pfl'l
They are cheaper.
Cred ca dupa ee cumparam toate luerurile noi, ne yom putea permite doar co~maruri. - Sunt mai ieftine.
Acum folositi noile cuvinte. Introduceti-Ie in unnatoarele propozitii: Ei au aiei eamere eu paturi duble.
- They have rooms with> double bed" here.
Trebuie sa-i cumpar nevestei mele un halat
I must buy my wife a new> dressIng
Putem sa-ti dam doar paturi ~i peme.
We can only give you> blankets and > pillows.
Cit costa acest ceas de~teptator.
How much is this> alarm clock?
Ai vazut cear~afurile verzi in magazin?
Did you see the green> sheets in the shop?
Vom lua un pat simplu pentru fiica noastra.
We'll take one> single bed for our daughter.
Ce culoare au
covora~ele
tale?
What colour are your >
Cuvertura de pat trebuie sa fie alba. Vom face un
~ifonier ~i-I
yom
a~eza
r~lgs?
The> bedspread must be white. in colt.
Visezi des noaptea?
We'll make a > \\ardrobc and put it in the corner. Do you often have> dreams at night?
Ultimele zile au fost un
co~mar
pentm mine.
The last days were a > nightmare for me.
I
L
~ P'.. ~~
~ .
"I must buy my wife a new dressing-gown".
- 13 -
_
Traduceti In limba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte:
J
vis
> dream
patura
> blanket
halat, capot
> dress109-gown
perna
> pillow
ceas dqteptator
> alarm clock
covora~
>
cear~af
> sheet
cear~afuri,
lUg
> sheets
foi de hartie
cuvertura de pat
> bedspread
co~mar
> nIghtmare
garderoba
> \\ ardrobe
pat dublu
> double bed
pat de
0
> smgle bed
persoana
Datele se scnu ill fe/ul urmiitor: - pe 21 octombrie
on the 21 st of October
The bed will be delivered on the 15th of November.
> [LYa bed l'll bl. dlliva'd on [)fa ld'ti.nPav nou\cmb,I']
- Patul va fi livrat la 15 noiembrie.
This letter was written on 31 st July.
>
- Aceasta scrisoare a fost scrisa pe 31 iulie.
leta' "az I iln on Pa"11 fa ' s t ,1\ dlul:lI]
[[YIS
DZa
Sa Inva!am cateva verbe noi: to kill
> [tll kll]
- a omori, a ucide
to drown
> [tll thalln]
- a Ineca, a se Ineca
to wreck
> [Iulck]
- a sfarama, a distruge, a avaria
to bum
> [Iu barn]
- a arde, a prajI, a fi aprins
Unul dmtre verbe este neregulat: forma I burn
> [bel 'n]
forma a II-a
fonna a lll-a
burnt
burnt
14
> [ba 'nl]
lata cum se folosesc verbele in Propoziiii:
EI a ucis
He killed seven people.
> [hi: kild
That man has drowned his
> rOZEt mEn h Lz draund
dog.
SC\
n pi:pl]
hi? dog]
~apte
Omul acela diinele.
oameni.
~i-a
inecat
Don't wreck my car!
r > [dount rek mai ka: J
Nu-mi distruge
Wood bums easily.
. T1J > [li u d b": a: nz 1:71
Lemnul arde bine.
ma~ina!
La diateza pasiva aceste verbe noi au alta semnificatie: - a-;;i pierde viata, (a fi ucis), a ciidea (de ex. in razboi)
to be killed
> [tu bl. kild]
to be drowned
> [tu bi: draundJ
a se ineca
to be wrecked
> [tu bi: rektJ
a se distruge, a suferi un naufragiu, a se avaria
to be burnt down
> [tu bi: ba: nt daun]
a arde pana in temelii
to be blown down
> [t u bi. bloun daunj
a dobor!, a rastuma
to be blown out
> [tu bi: bioun aut [
r
a sufla, a stinge prin suflare
Urmeaza cateva exemple: 1
Fifty-two people were killed > [fifJi tu: pi:pl l'U: kild in in this accident.
DZis Eksldant!
You will be drowned if they > [iu. llJ! bi: draund if [)zci dount t1·t~
Ill:
The plane was wrecked in a > [Dza plein
lI O
don't teach you to swim.
hurricane.
tu sllim] ? rekt in
a
harikanJ
The fire will be blown out in> IOza faii/ lIil bi: bloun a minute.
aut in
a minit] tri:z lI a:r
Many trees were blown down yesterday.
> [meni
bloun
The car was burnt down.
> loza ka: 1 u o ? baJnt daun I
daun ieslardei]
- In acest accident ~i-au pierdut viata cincizeci~idoi de oameni. Te vei ineca daca ei nu te invata sa inoti. Avionul a fost avariat in timpul unui uragan. Focul va fi stins intr-un minut. leri au fost doborati multi copaci. Ma~ina
a ars de tot.
In exercitiul urmator, completati propozitiile cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului: Furtuna a avariat hotelul in data de 23 maio
The hurricane> \\ reck.:d the hotel on rd 23 May.
Poti sa te ineci daca inoti maine.
You can> dro\\ n if you swim tomorrow.
Un copil ~i-a pierdut viata in accident.
A child> \\ as kIlled in the accident.
Casa noastra a ars pana in temelii saptamana trecuta.
Our house> \\ as burnt do\\ n last week.
- 15 -
Copacii s-au rasturnat de viintul puternic.
- The trees >wcre blown down in the gale.
Mal mult de 0 suta de oameni s-au Inecat ciind vaporul a naufragiat.
- More than a hundred people >were drowned when the ship >was wrecked.
Oamenll ucid alti oameni In fIe care
- People >kI11 other people every day.
Zl.
Incalze~ti cu lemne lama?
- Do you >burn wood in the winter?
Focul a fost stins.
- The fire >has been blown out.
Acum iata un grup de adjective noi. Exersati pronuntia
~i
retineti Intelesul lor In limba romiina:
sleepy
> [sli:pl]
- somnoros, adonnit
quiet
> [kUalat]
-
unpleasant
> [anpleznt]
- neplacut
nOIsy
> [nolZl ]
- zgomotos, galagios
dirty
> l d·'.'tl]
- murdar
modem
> [l11oda'n]
- modern, nou, contemporan
lini~tit,
calm, potolit
Cihtl cu atentie unnatoarele propozitii In care apar adjectivele noi: > l alII I sll.pl
1 feel sleepy this mommg.
1110 'nIl1
ICI
- Sunt somnoros In dimineata aceasta.
LYI~
]
lini~tita.
Our street is very quiet.
> [aua' stll t IZ \ ell kUaiat]
- Strada noastra este fomie
Nightmares are unpleasant.
> [naltl11c,j'Z a" anpleznt]
-
Co~marurile
These children were very nOIsy.
> l O/I'Z t)ilth an Ua ' yen nOIZlJ
-
Ace~ti
copii au fost
foarte
galagio~i.
We must clean the car because it is dirty.
> lUI: l11a~t kll.n lYa ka: 1 hlkoz It IZ da.'lI]
- TrebLlle sa curatam ma~ina deoarece este murdara.
This is a modern factory.
> lO/ls
IZ
a l11oda'n
j}~ktan]
sunt neplacute.
- Aceasta este 0 fabrica modema.
In exercqlUl unnator completati urmatoarele propozitil In limba engleza cu noile cuvinte:
COPIll
no~tn
sunt foarte
Am avut vecml
somnoro~i.
- Our children are very >sleepy.
galagio~i.
- We had
Ma~inile
neighbours.
- Look at your >dlrty hands!
Uita-te la miiinile tale murdare! Vreau sa traiesc Intr-un
>nol~y
ora~ lini~tlt.
- I want to live in a >qulct town.
modeme sunt scumpe.
- > 1\1 odcrn cars are expensive. - 1 have never been in a more >unpkasant situation!
Niciodata nu am fost Intr-o situatle mai neplacuta! 16
Traduce\i unnatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza: I ini~tit
> quiet
murdar
> dirty
zgomotos
> nOIsy
modem
> modem
somnoros
> sleepy
neplacut
> unpleasant
in exerci{iul urmator vom
inva/a substantive care apar intotdeauna la plural:
r
trousers
> [trauza z]
spectacles
> [spekHiklz]
ochelari
scissors
> [sizarz]
foarfeca
binoculars
r > [binokiula z]
binoclu
glasses
> [gla :siz]
ochelari
- pantaloni
Pentru a defini cantitorea exacta a acestor obieete, sefolose$te expresia a pair of [5 pear ov] o pereche.
Cititi cu voce tare exemplele: [ want to buy a pair of trousers. Where are my binoculars? 1 don't see them. We have sold ten pairs of spectacles today.
> [ai uont tu bai
a pear
av
I' > [uear a: mai binokiu1i:/z
scissors.
Unde este binoclul meu? Nu-l viid.
ai daunt si: DIem] >
[L1' _I' z . I: I1 E ~ V sou Id ten pea
Azi noi am vandut zece perechi de ochelari.
ov spektaklz tadei)
She cannot find her glasses. > [~i: kEnot faind ha:1' gla:siz] 1 must buy three pairs of
Vreau sa cumpar 0 pereche de pantaloni.
trauzarz]
-
> [ai mast bai T\i: pei'/ Z
Ea
nu-~i gase~te
ochelarii.
Trcbuic sa cumpar trei foarfece.
r
ov siza z]
lata cateva verbe noi: to get
> [tu get]
to wake up
> [tu
to snore
> [tu sno:l']
a sforai
to dream
> [tu dri:m]
a visa,
to shave
> Itu ~eiv ]
a barbieri, a se barbieri
to undress
> [tu andres]
a (se) dezbraca
LI
-
eik ap]
- 17-
a obtine, a ajunge, a deveni a se trezi
a-~i
inchipui
Dintre aceste verbe, trei sunt neregulate. Formele lor sunt: forma I
forma a II-a
forma a III-a
get
> [get]
got
> [goll
got
> [got]
wake
> [ueik]
woke
> IUouk]
woken
> Illoukn]
dream
> [dri.mj
dreamt
> [dremt j
dreamt
> [dremt]
Sa exersam utilizarea verbelor noi in propozitii. Fiti atenti la pronuntie: I always get sleepy late at
night.
Totdeuna devin somnoros noaptea tarziu.
> [al 0 jlleiz get SJi:Pl leit
Et na/t]
Undress and go to bed.
> [andres End gou tu bed]
We woke up at seven.
1I > [1:
1I ouk
Dezbraca-te culcare!
ap J:l sevn I
Ne-am trezit la
Have you ever dreamt about> [hEv iu: e\i:\1 dreml abaut
a big
a big house? Do you always snore when you sleep?
> [du IU
Have you shaved yet?
haus]
IU:
o:lueiz sno: 1 uen
du-te la
~apte.
Ai visat vreodata la mare?
0
casa
Sforai intotdeuna cand dormi?
slI:pJ
> [hEv
~i
IU: ~elvd let]
- Te-ai biirbierit deja?
Completati propozitiile cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului: Vremea va deveni cetoasa.
It is > geltll1g foggy.
Copiii s-au dezbracat deja.
The children have already> undressed.
Am visat la
0 ma~ina
Maine trebuie sa te devreme.
I have > dreamt about a new car.
noua.
barbiere~ti
You must> "have earlier tomorrow.
mai
Sforai de obicei? S-au trezit inainte de
In
Do you usually> snore? ~ase.
They>
V\
oke up before six.
umlatorul exercitiu traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza:
a sforai
> to
a se dezbraca
> to und! e"s
a obtine
> to get
a se barbieri
> to shave
a visa
> to dre3111
a se trezi
> 10 \\ ake up
- 18 -
snor~
Acest ultim exercitiu este de verificare. Traduceti propozltiile in limba engleza ~i exersati pronuntia: Pe data de 25 mai a fast un vant putemic.
> There was a strong gale on 25th May.
Furtunile cu traznete sunt i'ntotdeauna perieuloase. > Thunderstorms are always dangerous. ~ase
oameni
~i-au
> SIX people were killed
pierdut viata in acest uragan.
III
this hurricane.
Daca se intuncea nu vom gasi aeeasta easa.
> If it gets dal k we won't find thIS house.
Acest ceas de~teptator a fast cumparat din acest magazin.
> This alarm clock \Vas bought in thiS shop.
iti place vremea schimbatoare?
> Do you like changeable weather?
Pantalonii tai sunt in dulap.
> Your trousers are In the wardrobe.
Vaporul a naufragiat pe a ceata deasa.
> The ship was wrecked
Fiiea lor s-a inecat anul trecut.
> Their daughter dlOwned last year.
Saptamana aceasta au fast multe averse.
> There have been many showers this week.
Nu vei cumpara aceasta carte daca cheltui toti banii pe haine.
> You won't buy thIS book If you spend all the lTIon\lY on clothes.
Este pe al douazecilea raft.
> It is on the twentIeth shel f.
Mancarea e congelata.
> The food IS frozen.
Copiii nu s-au trezit inca.
> The chIldren have not woken up yet.
La sfar~itulleetiei unneaza un exercitiu de pronuntie. Cuvintele de pe identlce: [au]
[a:rJ
[c]
[ail
shower
burn
wreck
fire
drown
dirty
get
Ice
brown
-third
dense
lllce
down
bird
set
find
19
III
a dense fog.
aceea~i coloana
cantin sunete
RECAPITULARE 19 19.1. Propozitia conditionala tipul intiii. (1. Conditional) Acest timp se refera la vii tor. Indeplinirea conditiei, respectiv realizarea activitatii viitoare este probabila. Semnificatia conjunctiei "if'[if] : "daca". Propozitia conditionala (care sta dupa if) este la timpul prezent simplu (Simple Present), iar propozitia principala este la timpul viitor simplu (Simple Future). If you buy the paper we will read about that accident.
Daca cumperi ziarul yom citi despre acel accident.
19.2. Numeralele ordinale: Numeralele ordinale se formeaza prin adaugazea terminatia -th la numeralul cardinal: sixth SIX seventh seven Ortografia unor ciitorva numerale se schimba prin adaugarea terminatiei - th: fi~
fi~
twelve
twelfth
In cazul in care numeralele se termina in -y, acesta se preschimba in -ie, dupa adaugarea terminatiei -th: twenty -- twentieth Daca numeralul se termina in ,,-intai, -doilea, -treilea" atunci in engleza se folosesc cuvintele "first, second, third": douazeci~iunu - twenty-first Daca numeralele ordinale sunt scrise cu cifre, atunci cifrelor Ii se adauga ultimele doua litere ale formei scrise eu litere: 1st first twenty-fifth 25th 19.3. Diateza pasiva - the Passive Voice Diateza pasiva se foIose~te atunci ciind subiectul este obiectul care sufera aqiunea iar autorul actiunii este exprimat printr-un complement. Propozitia cu structura pasiva se formeaza din: forma corespunzatoare a verbului "to be" ~i fonna a II1.-a a verbului principal. The hammer was found in the shed. 19.4. Scrierea 5t
~i
- Ciocanul a fost gasit in
~ura.
citirea datelor
on 21 October [on DZa tllentl fa.'st ov oktoubal ]
- Pe data de 21 octombrie
In pronuntia datelor apar cuvinte aditionale - care nu se scriu. Acestea sunt "the" inaintea datei ~i "of' inaintea denumirii lunii.
- 20-
TEMA. PENTRU ACASA. 19 A.
B.
c.
Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii: I.
A lot of people were killed when the house was burnt down.
2.
These glasses were broken yesterday.
3.
When the sunny spells set in, the ice melted in a short time.
4.
Will three pairs of shoes be enough?
5.
Today is the thirtieth day of the month.
6.
If you don't mop the floor you won't go to the cinema today.
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: 1.
Ma trezesc des, cand afara este galagie.
2.
Ochelarii tai sunt mai modemi decat ai mei?
3.
Ace~ti
4.
In acest co~mar am cazut de pe
5.
In aceasta iama vremea a fost schimbatoare.
6.
Daca negociem yom primi marire de salariu.
Gasiti
copaci au fast doborati de uragan. (diateza pasiva)
gre~elile
0
cHidire inalta.
din unnatoarele propozitii:
I.
I will buy this car if it will be cheap.
2.
It will be on 23 January.
3.
This house wasn't build last year.
4.
Last winter was sevire.
5.
If she is late for work tomorrow, they fire her.
6.
Has that dog been bought last year?
- 21 -
-
----
-
......
PARTEA INTAI
LECTIA 20 ,
sa incepem lectia cu un grup de cuvinte legate de circulatie. Studiati-le cu atentie: zebra-crossing
> [zebra krosin(!l'1
traffic lights
> [trEfik lails]
pedestrian
> [pidestrianl
right of way
>
time-table
> Itaim leibl]
- orar, program
cab
> [kEb]
- taxi
destination
> [destinei~n ]
destinatie
underground
> [andargraund]
metrou
witness
>
ambulance
> [Embiulans]
onlookers
> [onlul
Exersati cuvintele
~i
zebra, trecere de pietoni - stop, semafor
pieton
l rait ov 1I cij
li [
prioritate de trecere
itnes]
..
martor ambulanta - privitori, spectatori
intr-o alta ordine. Fiti atenti la pronuntie:
destination
> [destinei~n]
pedestrian
> [pidestrian 1
witness
>
zebra-crossing
> [zebra krosin(gl]
underground
> landa'graund]
- metrou
time-table
> Itaim lcibl]
- orar, program
traffic lights
> [tr Efi k I aits ]
- stop, semafor
onlookers
> [onlukarz]
- privitori, spectatori
ambulance
> [Embiulans]
- ambulanta
cab
> [kEb]
- taxi
right of way
> [rail ov lI e i 1
li [
itnes]
- 22-
destinatie - pieton -
martor zebra, trecere de pietoni
prioritate de trecere
•
In urmatorul exercitiu veti revedea cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare: There were many witnesses of that accident.
> i0
1
uaJ meni Uitnislz
Diet Eksid:intj
0\
One boy was taken to
Cal
> IUan boi uo ! tClkn lu
hospital in an ambulance.
hospitl in an Embiulansj
The onlookers wanted to see> lD/1 onlukal'z uontid tu everything.
si: evriTSin(g)]
t · I,rOSin . (l') . can be> [.1:\'11 a. ze)ra Even a ze bra-crossmg c
dangerous.
!den bI: deindjilras] 1
Are there any traffic lights in >[a: 0\:-5r eni trEfik laits in D/js stri:t]
this street? Where are these pedestrians going?
>rUeal' a: 1 D/i:z pidestrianz
The car on the right has the right of way,
>fn/a ka: on D
Where can I find the
> IUea l kEn al famd ])/ il
time-table?
Au fost multi martori Ie acel accident. Un baiat a fost transportat la spital cu ambulanta. Privitorii au vrut sa vada totul. Pana ~i trecerea de pietoni poate fi periculoasa. Sunt semafoare in aceasta strada? Unde merg
ace~ti
pietoni?
goinlg)1 1
1
rait 11[7
{[
O/a rait ov ueij
Ma~ina
din dreapta are prioritate.
Unde pot gasi orarul?
lallll telblj
I took a cab to get to the office.
> [al tuk il kEb tu get tll
The destination of this ship is New York.
> r0 ii destinei~an
[/1
ofis1
7
~[P
IZ
1
Cal
O/is
niu: io:1k]
If we go by underground we > I I, f' [I,1: gOll b al. _ I' U will get there faster. anda graund I:
0
0\'
fa:sti/]
U
i J get
Am luat un taxi ca sa merg la birou. Destinatia acestui vapor este New York. Daca mergem cu metroul, yom ajunge mai repede acolo,
/
"Even a zebra-crossing can be dangerous".
- 23 -
Completati propozitiile cu cuvintele corespunzatoare! Exerati
~i
pronuntia:
Acest orar este vechi.
This> time-table is old.
Azi sunt multi pietoni pe strazi.
There are many> pedestrians in the streets today.
Au fost prea multi privitori.
There were too many> onlookers.
Cite taxiuri sunt in acest
ora~?
How many> cabs are there in this town?
Trebuie sa facem mai l1111lte treceri de pietoni.
We must make more> zebra-crossings.
Semafoarele nu funetioneaza de doua zile.
The> traffic lights have been out of order for two days.
Daca nu vine ambulanta, te yom lua cu
If the> ambulance doesn't come we will take you by car.
ma~ina.
Merg des
Cll
I often go by > underground.
metroul.
Toti martorii au inteles intrebarile?
All > witnesses understood the questions?
Care este destinatia ta?
What is your> destination?
Avem prioritate?
Do we have the> right of way?
Cu urmatorul exercitiu yom controla in ce masura v-ati insu~it cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza: taxi
> cab
privitori
> onlookers
program
> time-table
metrou
> underground
prioritate de trecere
> fight of way
destinatie
> destinatIon
zebra
> zebra-crossl11g
ambulanta
> ambulance
pieton
> pedestrian
martor
> witness
semafor
> traffic-lights
Sa ne intoarcem acum la diateza pasiva. Forma continua la prezent ,~i trecut (Present Continuous, Past Continuous) a verbelor la diateza pasiva se alcatuie$te cu forma continua a verhului to be, ca verb auxiliar, $i forma being [bi:in lg1 ] aflata inaintea formei a III-a verbului principal.
- 24-
lata cateva exemple: > [a buk red]
bi:lI1(g)
- 0 carte este citita.
She is readll1g a book.
- A book
They were cleaning the house at ten yesterday.
- The house was being > [Q/ a haus "az bi: in lg ) - leri la zece se lacea cleaned at ten yesterday. kli:nd Et ten iesta'dei] curatenie in casa.
lS
bell1g
read.
IZ
In urmatorul exercitiu transformati propozitiile cu verbulla diateza activa in propozitii cu verbulla diateza pasiva: She is cleaning her room now.
> I lel room
They were changing the management yesterday at two.
> The management was being changed ~ e,telday at two.
They are negotiating raises at the moment.
> Raises are bcing negotiated at the moment.
Sa mai Invatam cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare
~i
IS
bcing cleaned now.
retineti sensullor In limba romana:
injured
>[indja'd]
- ranit, lovit, avariat
unconscious
> [ankol1~as]
-
mainly
> [I1lClI1lI]
- mai ales, mai cu seama
yam
>[in\clI1]
- zadarnic, inutil, In zadar
senous
> l si:nas]
- serios, important
necessary
>
III
[nc,IS;l1
i]
incon~tient,
involuntar
- necesar. inevitabil
lata cuvintele noi in propozqii: They were injured in the accident.
> [IYel ",1.' indp'd
Your brother is still unconscious.
>
It was a very serious book.
> [It "af. a \ ert si nas prublam] - Era 0 carte foarte serioasa.
We tried to help but it was 111 Yam.
> ["1 1Ia[(! tu help bat It "al' Ill\ClI1j
- Am Incercat sa ajutam dar a fost in zadar.
John's sister works mainly at night.
> [d\Ol1l ,isla' "a 'b memli Lt Il.lIl J
- Sora lui John lucreaza mai ales noaptea.
I think this information is necessary.
> [al')
- Cred ca aceasta informatie este necesara.
[)Ii
111
Eksldalltj
braD/ar iz std ankol1:;;asj
[10"
'1l1 1'!k
I)'",
Il1f~I'l11el,;;l1]
11 I1l'Si ,;111 ]
25
- Ei au fost raniti In accident. - Fratele tau este Inca incon~tient.
Unneaza un exercitiu nou. Completati propozitiile folosind cuvintele corespunzatoare: EI a incercat sa inteleaga asta, dar in zadar.
He tried to understand it but>
Ei vand mai ales legume.
They sell> mainly vegetables.
Aici este necesara
A zebra-crossing is > necessary here.
0
trecere de pietoni.
El a fost incon~tient mai mult de saptamana. Tatal meu a pus Au fost raniti
0
ain.
He was> unconS":IOW, for longer than a week.
0
My father asked a > seriolls question.
intrebare serioasa.
~apte
In \
Seven pedestrians were> injured.
pietoni.
Desigur ati memorat deja cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza: serios, important
> sertous
mai ales
> mamly
ranit
> injured
zadamic
>
necesar
> necessary
incon~tient
> unconscIous
inutil
>
111 \
necesar, inevitabil
>
Ilcccs~ary
111
vam
a 111
Dintre toate numeralele engleze~ti nu v-am prezentat inca zeroul. in limba engleza zeroul are mai multe echivalente: 1.
0 - pronuntat ca
~i
[OLl] se utilizeaza atunci cand in!jiram mai multe r
r
Her telephone number> [ha: telifaun namba is nine, two, four, 0, nain tu: fa:' ou se\nj seven.
2.
> [D"i1 rizalt ov D/a mEt$ iz
~apte.
ro
J
1111J
Rezultatul meciului este patru-zero.
Zero l zirouj, se jolose$te la descrierea unitali/or de masura: It is six degrees below> [it zero.
4.
Numarul ei de telefon este noua, doi, patru, zero,
IZ
Nil [niIJ, se folose~te la prezentarea rezultatelor sportive: The result of the match is four nil.
3.
c~fre:
IZ
siks dlgri:z bJlou
- Sunt
~ase
grade sub zero.
ziroLl]
Nought (sau naught) [no·t], se folose~te de obicei in matematica Two minus two is nought.
> [tu: mainas t\l: iz na:t I
All her work was for nought.
> [0.1 hft:'
lI
a:'k
lI a? 1'0:'
no:t]
- 26-
~i
literatura:
- Doi minus doi fac zero. Toata munca ei nu a valarat nimic.
In exercitiul anterior ati invatat mai multe cuvinte noi: l
numar
number
> [nambfl
result
> Irizalt]
rezultat
minus
> [mainas]
mmus
below
> rbilou]
dedesubt, jos, mai jos, sub
degree
> [digri: I
grad, masura, treapta
]
Ati vazut deja cuvintele noi in exemple. In exercitiul urmator completati propozitiile cu aceste cuvinte: Ei locuiesc sub noi.
They live> below us.
Este acolo, jos.
It's there, > below.
EI are doctoratul.
He has a doctor's> degree.
Imi place asta doar intr-o oarecare masura.
I like it only to some> degree.
Care a fost rezultatul negocierilor?
What was the> result of the negotiations?
Care este numarul apartamentului tau?
What is the> number of your apartment?
Azi temperatura este de minus cinci grade.
The temperature is > minus five today.
_
L_~ "He has a doctor's degree".
Acum
iara~i
to prevent
yom invata verbe noi: > [t u pri vent J
a preintampina, a preveni r
ma~ina
to run over
>
to hit
> [tll hit]
a lovi, a nimeri
to direct
> [tu d'lIrl'k t]
a dirij a, a conduce
to cause
> [t 1I kIn]
a cauza, a provoca
to travel
>
a calatori
[IU
I
t 1I
ran
OU\
aJ
trE\ II,
-27-
a calca, a lovi cu
Doua dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate. lata formele lor: fonna a III-a
forma a II-a
formal run
> (I an]
ran
> [lEn]
run
> (ran]
hit
> [hit]
hit
> [h It]
hit
> (hIt]
Verbele noi apar in urmatorul dialog. Cititi textul cu atentie:
A:
When we were travelling to Madrid we saw a terrible accident.
s:
Was anybody killed?
A:
Yes, but wait a moment. A big car hit a building.
S:
Were there any pedestrians in the street?
A:
Yes, the car ran over three people. Two of them were killed and one woman was injured.
S:
Were there any policemen there?
A:
There was one policeman. He directed the traffic but could not prevent the accident.
S:
Do you know what caused the accident?
A:
I think the car was out of order.
in dialogul nostril apare clI\'iintlll could [kud]. Acesta este forma de trecut a verbllilli modal can.
Sa analtzam separat fiecare propozitle. Cltiti cu voce tare: "a' trEv]m(gl
When we were travellmg to Madrid we saw a terrible accident.
> ["en
Was anybody killed?
> [tl az ctllboUI kJld]
"I
tu madI id til so a tCrIb! I-"ksldant]
- Cand calatoream spre Madrid am vazut un accident groaznic. -
~i-a
pierdut cineva viata?
Yes, but wait a moment.
- Da, dar
A big car hit a building.
- 0
a~teapta 0
ma~ina
clipa.
mare a lovit
0
cladire.
Were there any pedestrians in the street?
> [tl a ' [Yea' cnl pldcstJlanZ
Yes, the car ran over three people.
>
Two of them were killed and one woman was seriously injured.
> [tu
- Doi dmtre ei ~i-au pierdut vJata ~i 0 femeie a fost gray ran ita.
Were there any policemen there?
> [tid' lYe,l' cnl p:lli sman IYCd'J
- A fost acolo vreun politist?
m IYa SI111]
IYa Ll ' rEn 1"11 pi pI]
[ICS
OU\
a'
,1\ lYem ",I ' klld Fnd ",In 'um,ln "dZ si 11,IS11 indJd.'d]
- Au fost pietoni pe strada? - Da, ma~ina a caleat trei oameni.
- A fost un politist.
There was one policeman. 28
He directed the traffic but could not prevent the
bat kuJ not privent O/j
accident.
Eksidant 1
Do you know what caused
> [du
the accident?
I think the car was out of
EI a dirijat circula!ia, dar nu a putut preintampina accidentul.
> [h1: dairektid O/a trEfik
IU: nOll
liot ku:zd D/i
Eksidant]
- Stii ce a cauzat accidentul?
> [ai TSin(g)k D/a ka: r uoz
order.
aut ov o.IUr1t
I
Cred ca ma~ina a fast defecHi.
Raspundeti in limba engleza la unnatoarele intrebari: When did you see that terrible accident?
> \Ve saw that terrible d..::cident when we
\\ere travelling to \1adnd What did the big car hit?
> The bIg ear hit a bui lding..
How many people did the car run over?
> The car ran over three people.
Who was killed?
> Two of the three people were killed.
What happened to the woman?
> T he woman \Vas II1Jured.
Were there any policemen there?
> Yes, there was one policeman.
What did he do?
> He directed the traffic.
What caused the accident?
> The car was out of order.
Acum ne vom ocupa de pronumele interogativ who
~i
urilizarea lui:
Acesr pronume are mai mulre intelesuri: cine, pe cine, cui, cine, care, pe care. Daca intelesul lui who este cine, inrrebarea se refera doar la persoana ~i who poare jifolosit ca subsrantiv. in acest caz ordinea propozi(iei este directa, strucrura sa este ajirmariva, iar verbul este la persoana a III-a singular. iube~te?
Who likes you?
Cine te
Who went home?
Cine s-a dus acasa?
in eazul in care pronumele interogativ who anare cu celalalte in(elesuri, interogativul se formeaza cu ajulorul verbelor auxiliare, forma corespunzatoare a verbului to be sau a verbelor modale: Who were these people?
Cine au fost
Who did you meet?
Cu cine te-ai intalnit?
ace~ti
oameni?
Traduce!i urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Cine
~i-a
pierdut via!a in acest accident?
> Who \\:lS kJikd ill
lhi~
accident')
Pe cine vezi pe strada in fiecare zi?
> Who do you
Cine este acest barbat in haina maro?
> \V ho is thIS man i'l a hnm 11 coat'?
Cine scrie aceste scrisori minunate?
> Who \', nte~ th~'~c hcal,tiful letters'?
Pe cine cau!i acum?
> \Vhl) ,Ire you look 1I1g for
- 29-
Sc:C III
the stleet every day'?
<10\\ 0
Ne vom intoarce acum fa diate~a pasiwI Pentru a indica persoana care executa activitatea in propozitia fa diateza pasiva, se .rofose,~te prepozitia by. De exemplu: Peter made this chair,
The trade-union is negotiating raises,
In exercitiul
t~ear
This chair was made by Peter.
> [D/is
Raises are being negotiated by the trade-union.
> [reiziz a: 1 bi:in lg )
1I
Acest scaun a fost !acut de Peter.
0z
meid bai pi:ti/]
nigou~le/tid D/[I
Maririle de salarii sunt negociate de catre sindicat.
bal
treld 1U:Jl1an]
urmator, traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
Radioul tocmai a fost pomit de catre John.
> The radio has been turned on by John.
Aceste ma~ini sunt !acute de Chicago.
> These cars are made by a factory m Chicago.
0
fabrica din
El a fost ucis de doi oameni. Am fost trezit de copii
> Hc \\as kIlled by two men.
galagio~i.
> f was woken up by nOIsy children
(;i~ uitati-~a, da~-~erb~-~~~~~~~~~~i~~oua~ar~,~e e~-~~;lu ~a~ for, look for, prepozitia trebuie sa apara ~i in diateza pasiva:
: I
!
- It was looked for yesterday.
I looked for it yesterday.
~--- - - - - - -
---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-_/
Si iata ultimul exercitiu al acestei parti, in care 'lorn recapitula materialul invatat pana acum. Traduce!i propozitiile in limba engleza: Ace;;ti martori au vazut cel mai bine accidentul.
> These witnesses saw the accident best.
Au fost cinci grade sub zero.
> It \'. as five degrces below zero.
Cine a fost calcat de un taxi?
> Who was run ovcr by a cab?
Numarul meu de telefon este unu, noua, zero, cinci, doi, zero.
> My number is one, nme. 0, five, two, 0.
Ei au avut prioritate de trecere?
> Old they hay e the right of way'?
Ace~ti
> These people tried to help but in \ am.
oameni au incercat sa ajute dar zadamic.
El
calatore~te
mai ales cu metroul.
> He travels main Iy by underground.
Cine a scris acest orar?
> Who wrote this time-table?
El s-a ranit grav?
> Is he seriously mjured'!
Patruzeci minus patruzeci fac zero.
> Forty
Circulatia este dirijata acum de un politist.
> The traffic is bell1g directed by a police-
Jl1l11US
furty
man no\'.. Pe cine
iube~ti?
> Who do you lIke?
- 30-
IS
I
uro/nought.
LECTIA 20 - PARTEA A DOVA , Cititi cu atentie unnatorul dialog! Repetati exercitiul pana cand va convingeti de faptul ca v-ati Insu~it pe deplin pronuntia ~i intonatia. Cuvintele Mary: Peter: Mary: Peter: Mary: Peter: Mary: Peter: Mary: Peter:
Barbara: John: Barbara: John: Barbara: John:
~i
silabele accentuate sunt tiparite
jngro~at.
Peter, have you ever been in an accident? No, I haven't, but my brother was yesterday afternoon. How did it happen? My brother was on a zebra-crossing at the traffic-lights and a cab was coming from the right. And ... what happened? The cab didn't stop in time and my brother was hit by it. Was your brother injured? Yes, he was, but fortunately not seriously. I am glad he wasn't seriously injured. Were there any witnesses who saw the accident? There were many onlookers, and the witnesses say my brother did not cause the accident. Have you heard the news that yesterday a pedestrian was hit by a car at the traffic-lights? No, I haven't, but some pedestrians think they always have the right of way. But everybody knows that it is not true. Yes, everybody knows it only the pedestrians don't. We must all try to prevent accidents. You are right. Policemen cannot do everything. I think it is better when there are also traffic-lights.
Mary: Peter: Mary: Peter:
Peter. do you travel mainly by underground to your office? Yes, J do. You travel by underground fast and easily. Yes, but it has become very expensive. Do you have a time-table? There are so many underground trains that you don't need a time-table. And a modem underground is not noisy or dirty.
Barbara: John: Barbara: John: Barbara: John:
I feel so tired after a hard day of work. People are tired when they get home from factories and offices. And they do nothing only go to bed early because they are sleepy. When it is too noisy outside they wake up. I usually wake up even when it's only a little noisy. But when you have a nightmare you are glad when you hear the alarm clock.
- 31 -
In ultimul exercitiu al leetiei, traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: Aceasta este deja a patra furtuna in unsprezece zile. Cinci oameni dezastru.
~i-au
> This
IS
already the fourth gale in eleven
days > Fl\ e people were kIlkd in that disaster.
pierdut viata in acel
Multe vapoare au suferit naufragiu.
> Many ships vvere wrecked.
Focul a fost stins de un vant putemic.
> The fire was blovv n out by a strong wind.
El are nevoie de lari.
> 1Ie needs a new paIr of glasses.
pereche noua de oche-
0
Aceste foarfece sunt periculoase pentru copii.
> These sci:-.sors arc dangerous for children.
In aceasta vreme schimbatoare nu-mi uit umbrela.
> In this changeable \\ e;11her ] don't forget
Casa noastra a ars pana in teme!ii saptamana trecuta.
> Our housc burnt dO\\ n last v\ eek.
Aceste averse sunt de ploaie bune pentru gradina noastra.
> These sho\Vers arc good for au' garden.
Au cumparat
~ase
my umbrella.
> They bought
perechi de pantaloni.
"'X pairS or trousers.
In acea iama aspra a fost de multe ori ceata deasa.
> In that sc\ele \\ II1kr there \Vas a lot or
Gheata s-a topit deja.
> The Ice has alnC:,lLty melted.
cknse fog.
Acest binoclu este vechi, am nevoie de unul > 1 hese bll10culars an:: oid; I n..:ed a new nou. pair. Noi am vandut zece perechi de pantofi. Aceasta este 0 cuvertura pentru un pat de singura persoana.
> We sold ten pairs of shoes. 0
> This is a bedspread
1'01'
a sll1g1e bed.
Ace! dulap este facut din lemn?
> Is that wardrobe made of Vvood?
Ochelarii tai sunt pe perna tao
> Your spectacles are on your pilloVv.
El a sforait zgomotos.
> He was snoring nOIsily
Cat costa aceste ceasuri
de~teptatoare?
Dupa vremea insorita a fost trasnete.
0
> How much are these alarm eloch)
> Aftcr thc sunny spells there was a thunderstorm.
furtuna cu
Mi-am ars mana. Multi oameni ingust. Ea era spital.
i~i
> I hm e burnt my ham!.
pierd viata pe acest drum
incon~tienta
>
\1dWy
pedplc
.1IT
killed on thb narnm
n)ad
dnd a fost dusa la
> She \\
,J>, lIih:OJbCIl'Us \\hen she \\ as t"ken to !lo"PI tal.
- 32-
Asta s-a 'intamplat 'in a noua zi.
> This happened on the ninth day,
Temperatura va cobori sub zero grade.
> The temperature wIll drop below zero.
Nimanui nu-i place aceasta caldura
> Nobody lIkes this opplessive heat.
inabu~itoare.
Acest drum este alunecos in mod periculos. Daca ai nevoie de raft.
ace~ti
bani, ii vei gasi pe
> This road is dangerously slippery. > If you need this money you \\ ill fInd it
on the shelf.
Acest accident s-a intamplat in data de 27 iunie.
> This accident happened
Cumparatorul tocmai este servit de un vanzator.
> The cLlstomer is just being served by a
Cine a solicitat aceasta slujba?
> Who applied for this Job?
De cine ai nevoie?
> Who do you need')
Ei au prevenit accidentul?
> Have they prevented the accident?
011
27th .Junc.
shop-assistant.
Iar acum iata exercitiul de pronuntie. Repetati cuvintele ~i fiti atenti la pronuntia corecta a sunetelor engleze~ti. Literele aflate in aceea~i coloana, scrise ingr~at desemneaza sunete identice: rei J
[0: J
[i' ]
l iJ
vain
cause
degree
serious
train
nought
least
spring
mainly
brought
leave
build
rain
thought
deep
- 33-
RECAPITULARE 20 20.1. Dad verbul la diateza pasiva este la un timp continuu (Present Continuous, Past Continuous) atunci stmctura predicatului este forma continua a verbului "to be", ca verb auxiliar ~i forma a III-a a verbului principal, iar cuvantul "being" l bi: 111 J trece inaintea fonnei a III-a a verbului. > [a buk iz bi:in(g) She is reading Se cite~te 0 carte A book is being red] a book. tocmai acum. read. (Traducerea cuvant cu cuvant: ,,0 carte este citita tocmai acum".) 20.1.2. Dad vrem sa indicam persoana care executa activitatea in propozitia la diateza pasiva, folosim prepozitia "by": The traffic was directed by a policeman.
- Circulatia a fost dirijata de un politist.
Dad un verb este compus din doua parti, de exemplu: "wait for, look for", atunci prepozitia trebuie sa apara ~i la diateza pasiva: We waited for the bus.
- The bus was waited for.
20.2. Pronumele interogativ "who" 20.2.1. In cazul in care semnificatia pronumelui interogativ este "cine" ordinea propozitiei interogative este directa, stmctura sa este afirmativa iar verbul este la persoana a III-a singular: Who likes you?
- Cine te
iube~te?
20.2.2. In cazul in care pronumele interogativ "who" are oricare din re~,tul semnificatiilor, formam interogativul cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar, a verbului "to be", sau a verbului modal: Who did you see?
- Pe cine ai vazut?
- 34-
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 20 A.
B.
C.
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba romana: 1.
Can these pedestrians be witnesses?
2.
Who told you about the negotiations?
3.
Who have you seen on TV?
4.
If you don't iron this shirt I will not put it on.
5.
The beds are being delivered at the moment.
6.
The underground will take you to your destination.
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: I.
Am calatorit repede cu avionul.
2.
Circulatia a fost dirijata de politist?
3.
Casa noastra se
4.
Cu cine ai vorbit?
5.
Vecinii taie aCUl11 copacii.
6.
Dacii l11ananci cina, vei pril11i inghetata.
Corectati
gre~elile
construie~te
la un colt periculos. (diateza pasiva)
din unnatoarele propozitii:
1.
She bought only necesary things.
2.
Who did hit him?
3.
Work has been done through Peter.
4.
How much is this scissors?
5.
This job was applied.
- 35-
Lista verbelor neregulate din lectiile 19 forma I
forma a II-a
~i
20 forma a III-a
bum
> [ba:1n]
burnt
> [ba:1nt]
burnt
> [ba:1nt I
can
> [kEn I
could
> [klld1
could
> [kud]
dream
> [dri:m]
dreamt
> l dremt]
dreamt
> Idremtl
freeze
> [fri:z]
froze
> [frouz]
frozen
> [1l-llLlzn]
get
> Iget]
got
> rgot]
got
> rgot]
hit
> [hit]
hit
> [hit]
hit
> [hit]
run
> [ran]
ran
> [rEn]
run
> [ran]
set
> [set]
set
> [sel]
set
> [set]
wake
> [velk]
woke
> [vouk]
woken
> [voukn]
I :;:::;:;:;:;:;:;:::::::;:;:;:
- 36-
I I
VOCABULARVL LECTIILOR 19
~i
20
alarm clock
r > [ala: m klok]
ceas
ambulance
> [Embiulans]
ambulanta
bedspread
> [bedspred]
below
>[bilou]
dedesubt, jos, mai jos, sub
binoculars
> [binokiularz]
binoclu
blanket
> [bIEn(g)kit]
cuvertura, patura
to blow
> [tu blou]
a sufla, a se arde
to be blown down
> [tu bi: blolln daun]
a dobor!, a rastuma
to be blown out
> [tll bi: bloun aut]
a stinge, a sufla
tu burn
> [tu ba:rn]
a arde, a praj i, a fi 'aprins
tu be burnt down
r >[tu bi: ba: nt dalln]
a arde pana in temelii, a arde de tot
cab
> [kEb]
taxi
to cause
> [Ill ko:z]
changeable
> [t~eindjabl]
schimbator
dangerous
> [deindjaras]
periculos
degree
> [digri:]
grad, masura, treapta
dense
> [dens]
destination
> [destinei~n]
destinatie
dew
> [diu:]
roua
to direct
> [tu dairekt]
dirty
> [da:rti]
murdar
double
>[dabl]
dublu
double bed
> [dabl bed]
pat dublu
dream
> [dri:m]
VIS
to dream
> [tu dri:m]
a visa, a inchipui
dressing-gown
> [dresin(g) gaun]
halat, capot
to drizzle
> [tu drizl]
a bumita, a ploua marunt
to drop
> [tu drop]
a picura, a cadea, a scapa
to drown
> [tu draun]
a ineca, a se ineca, a scufunda
to be drowned
> [tu bi: drallnd]
a fi inecat
de~teptator
- cuvertura de pat
- a cauza
- dens, compact
- 37-
- a dirij a, a conduce
l tu fri:z]
a ingheta, a degera
to freeze
>
gale
> [geil]
vant puternie, furtuna
to get
> [tu get]
a obpne, a ajunge, a deveni
glasses
> [gla:siz]
oehelari
hail
> [heil ]
grindma
to hit
> [tu hit]
a lovi, a nimeri
hurricane
> [hallkan]
uragan, furtuna
Ice
> [als]
gheata
if
> [I f]
daea, presupunand ea
injured
> [indjard]
lovit, ranit, avariat
m vam
> [in vein]
zadamie, inutil, in zadar
to kill
> [tu kill
a omori, a ueide
to be killed
> [tu bi: kild]
a-;;i pierde viata, a eadea (in razboi)
mainly
> [mclI1lt]
mai ales
to melt
> [tu melt]
a tOpl, a se topi
mmus
> [mainas]
minus
modem
> [moda1n]
modem, nou, contemporan
naught, (nought)
> [no:t]
zero, nul, nimie
necessary
> [ncsisari]
necesar, inevitabil
to need
> [tu ni:d]
a avea nevoie de, a trebui
nightmare
> [naltmea ]
co;;mar
nil
> [nil]
zero, nimie
noisy
> [noIZl ]
zgomotos, galagios
nought, (naught)
> [no.t I
nimic, zero, nula
number
> [namba
oh, 0
> [au]
zero
onlookers
> [onluka'z]
privitori, speetatori
oppressive
> [opresiv]
apasator, inabu;;itor
pair
> [pea' ]
pereche
pedestrian
> [pidestrian]
pieton
pillow
> [pilau]
perna
1
l
numar, numeral
]
- 38-
to prevent
> [tu priventJ
a preintampina, a preveni
quiet
> [kualiH!
lini~tit,
result
> [nzalt]
rezultat, consecinta
right of way
> [rait ov
road
> [roud I
drum,
rug
> [rag]
covora~,
to run over
> [tu ran oliva]
a calca (de
scissors
> [sizal'z]
foarfeca
serious
> [si:rias]
serios, important
to set in
> [tu set in]
a incepe, a veni (un anotimp)
severe
> [sivial']
sever, aspru
shade
>
to shave
> [tu ~el\]
a barbieri, a se barbieri
sheet
> [~i:tJ
cear~af,
sheets
> ["i:ls]
cear~afuri,
shower
> [:;>aua']
aversa, ploaie torentiaHi
single
> [singl]
singur, unic, necasatorit
single bed
> [singl bed]
pat de
sleepy
> [sli:pi]
somnoros, adormit
slippery
> [slipariJ
alunecos
to snore
> [tu 5no: ]
a sforai
spectacles
> IspekUiklz]
ochelari
sunny spells
> [sani spelz]
vreme insorita
thaw
> [Tso:]
dezghet, topire
thunderstorm
> [T' anda \"SlO: I'm]
furtuna cu traznete
time-table
> [laim teibl]
orar, program
traffic-lights
> [trEfik laits]
stop, semafor
to travel
> [tu trEvl]
a diHitori
trousers
> [trauza' zl
pantalon
umbrella
> [ambrela]
umbrela
unconsciOUS
>
underground
> [anda graundJ
u
calm, potolit
prioritate (de trecere)
ei]
l'
[~eid]
~osea
carpeta 0 ma~ina)
umbra, nuanta
l'
foaie (de hirtie)
0
foi (de hirtie)
singura persoana
,
[ankon~as]
l'
- 39-
-
incon~tient,
metrou
involuntar
to undress
> [tu andres]
unpleasant
>
to wake up
> [tLl ueik ap]
wardrobe
>
[lI o 'droub]
garderobii, dulap de haine
witness
>
[li.\tnes ]
martor, martor ocular
to wreck
> [tu rekJ
to be wrecked
> [tLl bi: rekt]
zebra-crossing
> [zebra krosin(gi]
zebra trecere de pietoni
zero
> [zirou]
zero, nul
[anpleznt]
a se dezbraca nepIacut a se trezi
a srariima, a sparge, a distruge
- 40-
- a suferi un naufragiu, a se deteriaza
..
. ~
RECAPITULARE 1.
2.
3.
Comparatia adjectivelor: good
better
the best
big
bigger
the biggest
large
larger
the largest
easy
easier
the easiest
books
halves
women
glasses
tomatoes
sheep
babies
children
mice
Pluralul substantivelor:
Utilizarea verbului auxiliar "to do" in propozitii interogative ~i negative: Do you often visit them? Did they know? We don't live there. They don't want to go.
4.
Diateza pasiva - the Passive Voice - structura: - verbul "to be" la timpul corespunzator + forma a III-a a verbului de conjugat The thief was caught (by the police).
5.
Fraza conditionala tipul I - structura: Propozitia principala (verbulla Simple Future Tense) He will visit his friends if he has time.
6.
- Hotul a fost prins (de politi~ti).
if - Propozitia subordonata (verbulla Simple Present Tense) - I~i va vizita prietenii daca va avea timp.
Scrierea ~i citirea datelor on the 2pt of October > [on D/a t"enti fa'st ov oktaubarJ -pe data de 21 octombrie
" " PARTEA INTAI
LECTIA 21 ,
Ca de obicei, incepem ~i aceasta lectie cu cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i retineti sensullor in limba romana: situation
>
[sitiuei~an ]
- situatie, stare
scene
>
[si:n]
- scena, decor
film
>
[film]
- film
difference
> [difrans]
disease
>
[dizi:z]
- boala, maladie
gesture
>
[ djest~ar]
- gest
person
>
[pa:rsn]
- individ, persoana
invention
>
[inven~n]
- inventie, descoperire
play
> [plei]
- joe, piesa
task
> [ta:sk]
- sarcina, indatorire
struggle
> [stragl]
- lupta, intrecere
spy
> [spai]
- splOn
- diferenta, deosebire
Repetati din nou cuvintele, dar intr-o alta ordine: [inven~n]
- inventie, descoperire
invention
>
film
> [film]
- film
spy
> [spai]
- splOn
situation
>
disease
> [dizi:z]
- boala, maladie
struggle
> [stragl]
- lupta, intrecere
gesture
> [ djest~ar]
- gest
scene
> [si:n]
- scena, decor
person
> [pa:rsn]
- individ, persoana
task
> [ta:sk]
- sarcina, indatorire
difference
> [difrans]
- diferenta, deosebire
play
> [plei]
- joe, piesa
2
[sitiuei~an ]
- situatie, stare
Sa folosim cuvintele noi in propozitii: sltlUei~n]
We are in a difficult situation.
> ["1. a-' In a difikalt
It was a beautiful scene.
> [It "oz a blU.tlral si:n]
Have you seen that film?
- Suntem intr-o situatie dificila. - Era un decor minunat. - Ai vazut filmul acela?
This is a dangerous disease.
> [It IZ a demdjaras dJZi:z]
Do you see the difference?
> [du
It is a nice gesture.
> [D'is iz a nais
Who are these persons?
> [hu: a: r D/I:z pa:rsnz]
- Cine sunt aceste persoane?
Is television a useful invention?
> (IZ tellVljn a lU:sfal
- Este televizorul o inventie utila?
Who has written this play?
> [1m: hEz ritn DZis plel]
- Cine a scris aceasta piesa?
It is a hard task.
> [It IZ a ha:rd ta.sk]
- Este
Was it a long struggle?
> [U oz it a lon,gl stragl]
- A fost 0 lupta lunga?
There are spies in this country.
> [DZear a r spaiz in DZis kantn]
- Sunt spioni in aceasta tara.
IU: SI:
D'a difrans] dJest~ar]
Inven~n]
- Este -
Ve~i
0
boala periculoasa.
deosebirea?
- Este un gest dragut.
0
sarcina grea.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii cu cuvintele noi: Diferentele nu sunt importante.
- The >dlfkrences are not important.
Aceasta piesa este foarte scurta.
- This >play is very short.
El
cunoa~te
- Does he know their > sItuation?
situatia lor?
Sarcina voastra este sa scrieti un eseu.
- Your >task is to write an essay.
Aceasta este ultima scena a filmului.
- This is the last >scene of the > fi 1m.
Nu cunosc boala aceea.
- I don't know that >disease.
Nu sunt ve~ti despre intrecere.
- There is no news of the > struggle.
Nu cunosc nici una din aceste persoane.
- I don't know any of these >persons.
A fost un gest ciudat.
- It was a strange> gesture.
El a fost spion?
- Was he a >spy?
Aceasta inventie este foarte utila.
- This> invention is very useful.
3
Traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza: lupta, intrecere
> struggle
persoana
> person
scena
> scene
splOn
> spy
inventie
> mvention
gest
> gesture
film
> film
piesa
> play
sarcina
> task
deosebire
> difference
situatie
> situation
boala
> disease
Dacii la forma de infinitiv scurt (fiirii particula to a verbului) qdiiugiim terminafia -ing, obfinem participiul prezent, pe care-l putem folosi in propozifii ca adverb. De exemplu: This job is exhausting.
> [DZls dJob IZ Igzo:stm(gl]
- Aceasta munca este epuizantii.
The difference is striking.
> [DZa difrans iz stralkin(g)]
- Deosebirea este frapantii.
The work is tiring.
> [DZa "a .rk iz tamrm(g)]
- Munca este obositoare.
His gesture was inviting.
- Gestullui a fost ispititor.
This disease is catching.
> [DZls dlzi:z IZ kEt~in(g)]
- Aceasta boala este molipsitoare.
The news is surprising.
> [DZa nlU:Z iz sapralzin(g)]
-
Ve~tile
sunt surprinziitoare.
Sa invatam verbele noi de la care am format participiul prezent: to invite
> [tu mvalt]
- a invita
to surprise
> [tu sapralz]
- a surprinde, a uimi, a lua prin surprindere
to tire
> [tu tad]
- a obosi
to strike
> [tll str<\lk]
- a lovi, a izbi, a frapa, a
to exhaust
> [tu Igzo.st]
- a epuiza, a istovi
Dintre aceste verbe, to strike este neregulat. Invatati cele trei forme ale sale: strike> [stral kJ
struck> [stlak]
struck> [strak] 4
~oca
., -
lata cum se folosesc verbele noi in propozitii: Long work always tires me.
> llon'c) "a :'k o:l""iz
I like to surprise you.
> [al 1,lIk tu S,lpral7 iu:]
- Imi place sa te iau prin surprindere.
We have already invited Peter.
> ["I: hh O:!TCdl invaitid pi:ta'i
- L-am invitat deja pe Peter.
They will exhaust their savmgs soon.
> ll)l<:I"illg/O.,t D'<:{' selvm(~)7 slI:nJ
- I~i vor epuiza in curiind economiile.
The clock is just striking seven.
> [IYa klok sevnJ
- Ceasul tocmai bate ora
- Munca indelungata rna intotdeauna.
131'l'.c ill t: ]
17
djast stralklll'C)
obose~te
~apte.
In exercitiul urmator completati spatiile din propozitii cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului sau cu participiul prezent: Pe cine vrei sa inviti?
- Who do you want to >invlte?
Aceasta boala molipsitoare este periculoasa.
- This >catching dIseaSe is dangerous.
M-ai surprins foarte tare.
- You have >surpnscd me very much.
A fost Te
0
- It was a very >tinng day.
zi foarte obositoare.
obose~te
- Does this book >tlrc you?
aceasta carte?
Intrebarea lui a fost surprinzatoare.
- His question was >surprising.
Ultimul sau film m-a frapat.
- His newest film >struck me.
Propunerea ta e tentanta.
- Your proposition sounds >invlting.
Ne-am cheltuit deja toti banii.
- We have already >cxhausted all our money.
Este frapanta aceasta diferenta?
- Is this difference >striklllg?
Aceasta lunga plimbare a fost epuizanta.
- This long walk was >exhausting.
Va amintifi desigur de propozifia condifionala de tipul I despre care am discutat in lecfia anterioani. Conjuncfia if poate fi fnlocuita cu alte conjuncfii:
when
> [lien]
- ciind
as soon as
>[Ez sll'n l:>j
- indata ce
after
> l a.fla'J
- dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce, ulterior
before
>[blfo:'J
- inainte, dinaintea
Propozifia care incepe cu oricare dintre conjuncfiile de mai sus, se nume~te propozitie circumstantiala de timp. Nu este nici 0 diferenfa intre structura propozifiei condifionale de tipul I ~i propozifia circumstanfiala de timp. Verbul din propozifia subordonata introdusa de aceste conjuncfii este la timpul prezent simplu (Simple Present).
5
De exemplu: He will buy the car as soon as > llll. "II bal DZa ka. r Ez su:n as he gets the money. Ez hI. gets IYa malll]
- El va cumpara ma~ina de indata ce prime~te banii.
I will have dinner before I go to him.
> [al ull hEy dina' blfo:' a' gau tu hIm]
- Voi cina inainte sa merg la el.
When you are in the same situation you will understand me.
> [U en
- Cand te vei afla in aceea~i situatie rna vei intelege.
After I finish this book I will go for a walk.
> [a:fta r al filll~ DZIS buk a' uII gau fd a U o k]
D"a selm sitlUel~n 1U. uII anda rstEnd mI:] 1U.
a.'
111
- Dupa ce termin cartea aceasta o sa fac 0 plimbare.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Cind incepe sa ploua yom duce cainele acasa.
> When it starts to ram we WIll take the dog home.
De indata ce cite~ti aceasta carte imi vei spune ceva despre asta.
> As soon as you read thIS book you wIll tell me something about It.
Inainte de-a pleca yom inchide radioul.
> Before we leave we wIll turn off the radio.
Voi face curatenie in casa dupa ee lucrez in gradina.
> I WIll clean the house after I work in the garden.
Sa lnvatam eateva adjective noi. Unele dintre ele se formeaza din verbe. Cititi-le eu voce tare atenti la pronuntle: alarming
> [ala. rmm(g)]
- alarmant, ingrijorator
exciting
> [Iksaltm(g)]
- interesant, captivant
moving
> [mu:vin(gJ]
- emotionant
foreign
> [form]
- strain
useless
> [LU:shs]
- inutil, nefolositor
remarkable
> [nma.rkabl]
- remarcabil, deosebit
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare romana: I have heard some alarming news.
> [al hEy ha:rd sam
We saw an exciting match.
> [U I: so. an iksaitin(gJ mEt~]
His speech was moving.
> [hlz
ala.rmm(g) ntu:z]
spi.t~
uoz mu:vm(IP]
6
~i
~i
fiti
fiti atenti la traducerea in limba
- Am auzit cateva ve~ti alarmante. - Noi am vazut un meci captivant. - Discursullui a fost emotionant.
She is a foreign spy.
> [~i: iz a form spa!)
- Ea este
This is a useless tool.
>[O'IS lZ a m:slis tu:l]
- Acesta este un instrument inutil.
This is a remarkable story.
>[IY\s iz a rima:'kabl sto:ri]
- Aceasta este remarcabila.
0
spioana straina.
0
poveste
Completati propozitiile cu cuvintele noi: Filmul a fost foarte captivant.
- The film was very >excltmg.
Am avut un vis deosebit.
- 1 had a >remarkable dream.
EI nu are bani straini.
- He has no >forelgn money.
Aceasta scena este foarte emotionanta.
- This scene is very >moving.
Aceasta carte imi este nefolositoare.
- This book is >useless to me.
Prognoza meteo este alarmanta.
- The weather forecast is >alarming
Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza: strain, din alta tara
> foreIgn
inutil, nefolositor
> useless
emotionant
> movmg
alarmant, ingrijorator
> alanmng
remarcabil, deosebit
> remarkable
captivant
> eX':ltlOg
in textele anterioare am inlocuit uneori substantivele cu pronumele nehotartit one. Utilizarea pronumelui nehotartit este obligatorie alaturi de adjective, iar ltinga adjectivele sunt deseori un articol hotartit: ro~ii ~i
I have two red chairs and a white one.
- Am doua scaune
They have two cars. He wants the big one.
- Au doua ma~ini. EI
0
unul alb.
vrea pe cea mare.
Pronumele nehotartit one are ~i forma de plural: Have you ever seen cheaper ones?
- Ai vazut vreodata unele mai ieftine?
I like these black ones.
- Imi plac acestea negre.
7
Completati propozitiile cu fonna corespunzatoare a pronumelui "one": Am multe ceasuri dar nici unul modem. El
~i-a
- I have many clocks, but no modem> ones.
pierdut ceasul ~i a platit 0 gramada
- He lost his watch and paid a lot of
de bani pentru unul nou. Aveti de vanzare
~i
money for a new> one. - Do you also sell foreign> ones?
unele straine?
Imi plac cainii, dar acesta nu este unul frumos.
- I like dogs, but this isn't a nice> one.
Nu am multe reviste, Ie voi trimite
- I haven't many magazines, I will send these old >ones.
pe acestea vechi. ~tiu
- I know that glasses are expensive. How much
ca ochelarii sunt scumpi. Cat ai platit
pentru
ace~tia noi?
have you paid for these new> ones?
Ultima ei scrisoare a fost scurta.
- Her last letter was a short >one.
Aceasta ma~ina este ieftina.
- This car is a cheap >one.
Dintre toate cartile acestea vreau sa Ie citesc
- Of all these books I want to read only
doar pe cele captivante.
the exciting >ones.
Acum sa invatam cateva verbe noi: to disappoint
> [tll dlsapoll1t]
- a dezamagi, a deceptiona
to excite
> [tll I ksa/l]
- a provoca, a emotiona
to move
>[tllmll\j
- a se
mi~ca,
a se muta,
a (se) emotiona
'ml
to alann
> [tll ala
to choose
> [tll
to hide
> [tll b.lid]
- a alanna, a speria
t~ll:Z]
- a alege, a selecta - a ascunde, a acoperi
Doua dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate. lata fonnele lor: choose
> [t 011·z]
hide
> [Iwd]
chose
> [t~allz]
chosen
> [t 0311Zn]
hid
> [11I(1J
hidden
>[hidn]
Unnariti folosirea verbelor in propozitii
~i
exersati pronuntia:
You have disappointed me.
>llli. hE\ dls:tpointid ml:]
- M-ai dezamagit.
The film excited them.
> [ L)/ a (Ii 111 Ii.;sa/tld Diem]
- Filmul i-a emotionat.
We have moved to Bucharest.
> I "I il f'\
- Ne-am mutat la Bucure~ti.
I11LJ
vel III huh,nest]
8
The cars alarmed the animals.
> [IYa ka:'z ala:'md DZi Enimalz]
-
What book have you chosen?
> ["at buk hEy iu:
t~auzn]
- Ce carte ai ales?
They chose the largest carpet.
> [DZei t~auz DZii la:'djast ka:'pit]
- Au ales covorul cel mai mare.
Where have you hidden that?
> ["ea' hEy iu: hidn DZEt]
- Unde ai ascuns aceea?
Ma~inile
Ie-au speriat pe
animale.
Completati propozitiile cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor nou invatate: Oamenii nu s-au mi~cat.
- The men didn't >move.
Ce te-a provocat?
- What has >exclted you?
Ea
~i-a
- She >disappointed her parents.
deceptionat parintii.
Au ascuns totul?
- Have they >hidden everything?
Am ales cea mai scumpa carte.
- I >chose the most expensive book.
Asta ne-a alarmat intotdeauna.
- It has always >alarmed us.
disappointed parents
tiring work
Sa recapitulam prima parte a lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: Situatia noastra este foarte dificila.
> Our situation is 'very difficult.
Ti-a placut piesa?
> DId you like the play?
Tocmai am primit cateva ve~ti surprinzlitoare.
> [ have Just got some surprising news.
Inainte sa vedem acest film, ne yom face datoria.
> HerO! 10 we see tIllS film, we'll do our task.
9
A fost eel mai interesant meei pe care I-am vazut vreodata.
> It was the most excitmg match I have ever seen.
Cand vrei sa te muti?
> When do you want to move?
Chiar erezi ea este inutil?
> Do you really think It IS useless?
S-a intamplat eeva deosebit?
> Has anything remarkable happened')
Cartea lui eea mai noua m-a ~oeat.
> HIs newest book struck me.
Este vreo diferenta intre aeeste doua boli?
> Is there any difference between these two diseases?
surprising news
exciting match
10
LECTIA 21 - PARTEA A nOVA , Sa invatam cateva cuvinte referitoare la ma~ini: engme
> [endjin]
- motor
petrol
> [petral]
- benzina, carburant
litre
> [li:tarJ
- litru
oil
> [oil]
- ulei
battery
> [bEtari]
- baterie, acumulator
trouble
> [trabl]
- necaz, neplacere, griji, deranj
lorry
> [Iori]
- camlOn
tyre
> [taia r]
- anvelopa, cauciuc
brake
> [breikJ
- fdina
mechanic
> [mikEnik]
- mecanic
indicator
> [indikeita']
- indicator (de directie etc), aparat de masural de control
breakdown van
> [breikdaun vEn]
-
ma~ina
de depanare-auto
Repetati cuvintele intr-o aWi ordine: trouble
> [trabl]
- necaz, neplacere, griji, deranj
petrol
> [petral]
- benzina, carburant
engme
> [endjin]
- motor
breakdown van
> [breikdaun vEn]
-
litre
> [li:ta l ]
- litru
lorry
> [Iori]
- camlOn
battery
> [bEtari]
- baterie, acurnulator
brake
> [hreik]
- frana
mechanic
> [mikEnik]
- mecanic
indicator
> [indikeita rJ
- indicator (de directie etc), aparat de masural de control
tyre
> [taia']
- anvelopa, cauciuc
oil
> [oil J
- ulei
11
ma~ina
de depanare-auto
lata cuvintele noi intr-un scurt dialog. Cititi-l cu atentie: A:
Yesterday I had some trouble with my lorry. It suddenly stopped and a breakdown van took it to mechanic.
B:
Did you have engine trouble or too little petrol?
A:
No, I didn't. The battery and the indicators didn't work.
B:
Did the mechanic help you?
A:
Yes, he did everything very fast.
B:
Did he also look at the brakes and the tyres?
A:
Yes, they were all right. I bought two litres of oil and he changed it for me.
lar acum sa traducem fiecare propozitie:
trouble with my lorry.
> [festa'del al hEd sam trabl uiD Zmal Ion]
- leri am avut probleme cu camionul meu.
It suddenly stopped and a
> [it sadanli stopt End a
...:. S-a oprit brusc ~i 0 ma~ina de depanare auto I-a dus la un mecanic.
Yesterday I had some
breakdown van took it to a mechanic.
brelkdaun vEn tuk It tu D'a ImkEmk]
Did you have engine trouble or too little petrol?
> [dId Ill: hEv endJIn trabl O:T - Ai avut probleme cu motorul
No, I didn't. The battery and
> [nau al didnt D'a bEtari End - Nu. Acumulatorul
the indicators didn't work.
lu: lit] petral]
sau prea putina benzina?
D'I indlkeltaTz didnt ua:Tk]
~i
indicatoarele n-au functionat.
Did the mechanic help you?
> [dId DZa mlkEmk help iu:]
- Te-a ajutat mecanicul?
Yes, he did everything
> [ies hi: dId evnT'in(t')
- Da, a facut totul foarte repede.
very fast. Did he also look at the brakes and the tyres?
veri fa:st] > [did hI: o:lsau luk Et
DZa
brelks
End D'a
talaTz]
a:' 0:1 ralt]
Yes, they were all right.
> [les Dlel
I bought two litres of oil
> [ai bo:t tu: li:taTz avail
and he changed it for me.
End hI:
U
t~emdjd
12
it for mi:]
- S-a uitat ~i la frane la cauciucuri?
~i
- Da, erau in regula. - Am cumparat doi litri de ulei el mi I-a schimbat.
~i
Completati propozitiile urmatoare cu cuvintele noi: Zece litri, va rog.
- Ten >Iitres, please.
Mecanicul mi-a reparat franele (de la ma~ina).
-The mechanic fixed my (car) >brakes.
Ai doua cauciucuri uzate.
- You have two worn out >tyres.
Nu ~tiu care este problema.
- I don't know what the >trouble is.
Cat costa acest motor?
- How much is this >engine?
Ea conduce
0 ma~ina
- She drives a >breakdown van.
de depanare auto.
Ai nevoie de un alt fel de ulei.
- You need another kind of >oiL
Unde putem parca aceste camioane?
- Where can we park these >Iorries?
Benzina este scumpa in aceasta tara.
- >Petrol is expensive in this country.
Acest acumulator nu functioneaza.
- This >battery is out of order.
Este aici un mecanic care sa rna ajute?
- Is there a >mechamc to help me?
Folose~te
- Use the >mdicators!
indicatoarele!
Traduceti cuvintele urmatoare in limba engleza: motor
> engine
indicator
> indicator
necaz, neplacere
> trouble
acumulator
> battery
litru
> litre
depanare auto
> breakdown van
cauciuc, pneu
> tyre
friina
> brake
ulei
> 011
carburant
> petrol
camlon
> lorry
mecanic
> mechanic
Sa ne intoarcem la comparatia adjectivelor ~i adverbelor.
Ciind compariim substantive, superioritatea se exprimii prin forma de comparativ precedatii de articolul hotiiriit the: This is the cheaper of the two cars.
> [DZis iz DZa t~i:par av DZa ttl" ka 'z]
- Dintre cele doua ma~ini aceasta este mai ieftini.
Is this the taller of the two buildings?
>
- Dintre cele doua cladiri aceasta este mai inalti?
DZis DZa to:la' DZa tu: bildlll(g)z]
[IZ
13
'1\
Cre~terea sau descre~terea progresiva se exprima prin utilizarea repetata a gradului comparativ al adjectivului sau adverbului, legate prin conjunctia and:
The car moved faster and faster.
> [DZakd:'mu:vdfasta'
Petrol is becoming more and more expensive.
> [petIallz blkamin(g) rna:' End mar Ikspenslv]
- Benzina e din ce in ce mai scumpa.
They talked less and less quietly.
> [IYel to kt les End
- Ei au vorbit din ce in ce mai tare.
-
End fa:sta']
les kUaiath]
Ma~ina mergea din ce in ce mai repede.
Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza: Ei devin din ce in ce mai bogati.
> They are becoming ncher and ncher.
Dintre cei doi baieti el este mai mare.
> He is the older of the t\\ a boys.
Ei au vorbit din ce in ce mai tare.
> They were talking loudhel and loudher.
Dintre cele doua intrebari aceasta este mai dificila.
> Th,:; is the more difficult questIOn of the two.
Acum iata cateva adjective noi. Cititi euvintele eu voce tare romana:
~i
retineti sernnificatia lor in limba
spare
> [spear]
- de rezerva, suplimentar, liber
left
> [ldt]
- stang, din stanga
rear
> rna']
- spate, dos, din spate
economical
> l J: kanOlTII kal]
- economie(os); eeonom
reliable
> [nla/abl]
- dernn de incredere, sigur
front
> [frant]
- partea din fataJ(de) dinainte, fata
broken
> [blaukn]
- sfiiramat, spart, strieat
Sa folosim cuvintele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi-l cu atentie: A:
Can you see my new car?
B:
No, which one is yours?
A:
This one. It is the most reliable car in Europe.
B:
Is it also economical?
A:
Oh, yes. It doesn't use much petrol.
B:
Did they give you a spare tyre?
A:
Yes, they did. And they also gave me the front and rear lights.
B:
But look, the left indicator is broken.
A:
Oh, yes! I didn't see that.
14
Acum vom traduce fiecare propozitie In parte. Cititi-le cu atentie
~i
exersati pronuntia:
- Vezi
ma~ina
mea cea noua?
Can you see my new car?
> [kEn
No, which one is yours?
>
This one.
> [D'is "an]
It is the most reliable car in Europe.
> [It IZ D/a maust nlaIabl ka: f in lUafap]
Is it also economical?
> [iz It o:lsau l:kanomlkill]
- Este
Dh, yes. It doesn't use much petrol.
> l allieS it daznt flU mat~ petral]
- Dh, da. ~i nu consuma multa benzina.
Did they give you a spare tyre?
> l did D/ci giv Ill. a spea' tala']
- Ti-au dat cauciuc de rezerva?
Yes, they did. And they also gave me the front and rear lights.
> [Ies D/ei did End DZel o:lsau - Da. ~i mi-au dat gelV ml: D'il frant End ~i farurile din fata ria r lalts] ~i din spate.
But look, the left indicator is broken.
> [bat luk DZa left indlkelta r iz hriiukn J
- Dar prive~te, indicatorul din stanga este spart.
Dh, yes! I didn't see that.
> [au It:S al didnt
- A, da. Nu am observat asta.
ILl:
si: mai
t1lU:
ka:']
l n:JLl Ult~ "an iz IO:'Z]
- Nu, care este a ta? - Aceasta.
51.
D/Et]
-
Este cea mai sigura m~ina din Europa. ~i
economicoasa?
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Poti sa-mi dai cauciucul tau de rezerva?
- Can you give me your > spare tyre?
Ma~inile
- Cars are becoming more and more >reliable.
devin din ce in ce mai sigure.
Toate farfuriile erau sparte.
- All the plates were >broken.
E ceva in ochiul lui stang.
- There is something in his >left eye.
Care este cea mai economicoasa ma~ina?
- Which is the most >economical car?
Cauciucul din spate din dreapta e din ce in ce mai prost.
- The right >rear tyre is getting worse and worse.
Farurile din fata nu functioneaza.
- The >tront lights are out of order.
Traduceti in limba engleza: stang
> left
(de) rezerva
> spare
economicos
> cl'onornJcal
sraramat
> broken
15
din spate
> rear
demn de incredere
> relIable
partea din fata
> front
Ati vazut deja cum se folose~te verbul "to do" ca verb auxiliar la formarea propozitiilor interogative ~i negative.
In unele situafii verbul auxiliar to do se folose:;te :;i in propozifii afirmative pentru a accentua afirmafie sau verbul principal. In aceste situafii verbul auxiliar va fi accentuat: Do come and visit me!
- Vino ~i viziteaza-ma (insist)!
Do sit down!
- Staijos (daca iti spun)!
I can tell you that he does work.
- Pot sa-ti spun ca ellucreaza (intr-adevar).
Do listen to me!
- Asculta-ma!
0
In limba romana aceasta accentuare a verbului principal se reda prin cuvintele: intr-adeviir, trebuie, neapiirat etc. De exemplu: Neaparat vino
~i
viziteaza-ma!
Trebuie sa stai jos! Pot sa-ti spun ca el intr-adevar lucreaza!
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: la masa cu noi!
> Do have dinner with us!
EI a citit aceasta carte.
> He did read this book.
Ea a invatat mult.
> She did learn a lot.
Ajuta-ma!
> Do help me!
lata cateva verbe noi: to fill up
[tu fil ap]
- a umple, a ocupa (un post liber), a completa (un formular)
to check
[tu tgek]
- a controla, a verifica
to repair
[tu npca r]
- a repara, a indrepta
to brake
[tu bretk]
- a frana
to accelerate
[tu aksclarett]
- a accelera
to overtake
[tu auvartctk]
- a ajunge din urma, a
overtook > [auvartuk]
overtaken > [auvartclkn]
Formele verbului "to overtake": overtake > [auvartctk]
16
depa~i
lata verbele noi In propozitii. Cititi cu voce tare: Will you fill it up, please?
> [lIIlIU: fit it ap pli:z]
Have you checked the oil?
> [hEv iu:
They repaired the bus in a hurry.
> [DZei ripca'd D'a bas III a hari]
- Au reparat autobuzul In graM.
Did you brake in time?
> [did iu: breik in t3lm]
- Ai franat la timp?
The car accelerated easily.
> [D'a ka:' akselareitld i:Zlli]
-
They overtook us near Bucharest.
> [DZel auva'tuk as nia' bukarestJ
- Ne-au
t~ekt
D'i oil]
- Imi faceti plinul, va rog? - Ati controlat uleiul?
Ma~ina
a aceelerat eu u~urinta.
depa~it aproape
de
Bucure~ti.
Completati propozitiile In limba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor recent Invatate: Ma~ina
de
- His car is always >repalred by the same mechanic.
lui este reparata Intotdeauna
acela~i mecanic.
Cine a Iacut plinul? Ellncearca sa 0
- Who has >filled it up?
depa~easca.
- He is trying to >overtake her.
Indieatoarele au fost verificate de catre mine.
- The indicators have been >checked by me.
Accelereaza frumos.
- It >accelerates beautifully.
Ai franat vreodata pe un drum alunecos?
- Have you ever >braked on a slippery road?
Traduceti In limba engleza urmatoare1e verbe: a depa~i
> to overtake
a verifica
> to check
a acce1era
> to accelerate
a repara
> to repair
a ump1e
> to fill up
a frana
> to brake
Sa ne intoarcem din nou 1a folosirea verbului "to do":
Verbul to do se folose~te ~i in urmiitoarele cazuri: L
Pentru a evita repetarea verbului principal alpropozifiei, cu excep!ia verbelor to be, to have a verbelor auxiliare modale.
~i
She works as hard as you do.
>
[~l: Ill:
Ua:'ks Ez ha:'d Ez du:]
17
-
Munce~te
ca
~i
tine.
la fe1 de mu1t
2.
He writes as beautifully as his father did.
> [h I. ralts Ez blU. tJ tali Ez hlz fa DZa f did}
- Scrie la fel de frumos ca ~i tatallui.
Who knows this man? I do.
> [hu: nauz DZls mEn
- Cine-l cunoa~te pe acest om? Eu (il cunosc).
aI
du:}
Cu ajutorullui. ne putem referi la verbul menfionat anterior: I asked him to repair the car and he did so.
> [al a·skt him tu ripea f DZa ka: f End hi: did sau]
We told them to leave quietly and they did so.
> [Ui: tauld D'em tu li:v - Le-am spus sa pIece in kUaiatli End DLei dId sau] ~i a~a au facut.
She told him to wait but he didn't.
>
[~l:
tauld hun tu Uelt bat he didnt}
- L-am rugat sa repare ma~ina ~i el a facut-o (a reparat-o). lini~te
- Ea i-a spus sa a~tepte dar el nu a a~teptat.
Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: Am cumparat la fel de putin ca El
vorbe~te
la fel de repede ca
EI ne-a rugat sa spunem totul L-am rugat sa vina devreme
el.
> 1 bought as little as he did.
tine.
> He talks as fast as you do.
~i
~i
~i a~a
~i a~a
> He asked us to say everything and we did so.
am facut.
> I asked hun to come early and he did so.
a facut.
Ultimul exercitiu allectiei sintetizeaza intregul material invatat. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: Aceasta inventie este interesanta.
> ThiS inventIOn is exciting.
Aceasta sarcina este (una) dificila.
> ThiS task IS a difficult one.
Filmul a fost foarte dezamagitor pentru mine.
> The film was very disappomting for me.
Am vizitat multe tari straine, dar Danemarca a fost cea mai frumoasa.
> I VISited many foreIgn countries, but Denmark was the most beautiful one.
Slujba mea devine din ce in ce mai obositoare.
> My Job IS gettmg more and more tiring.
EI a vazut multe tilme, dar i-au placut numai cele engleze~ti.
> lie sa~ lllany films but he only liked the English ones.
L-am rugat sa vina cu mine la teatru ~i a venit.
> I asked hun to go to the theatre With me and he did so.
EI se mi~ca mai incet deciit tine.
> He mo\ es more quietly than you do.
Aceasta situatie este (una) ingrijoratoare.
> ThIS situatIOn IS an alarming one.
Lupta lui a fast (una) inutila.
>
18
H1S
struggle
~as
a useless one.
Motoarele devin din ce in ce mai economicoase. Ea depa~e~te tot atat de multe
ma~ini
> The engines are getting more and more economical.
ca ~i tine.
> She overtakes as many cars as you do.
Acest mecanic este (unul) de incredere.
> This mechaJ1lc
Care dintre cauciucurile din fata este mai vechi?
> Which is the older of the front lyres?
L-am rugat sa a~tepte ma~ina de depanare auto ~i a~a a mcut.
> J asked him to walt for the breakdown van and he (IJd so.
Ai schimbat cauciucurile din fata, dar care e situatia cu cele din spate?
> You have changed the front tyres, but what
IS
a J eltable one.
about the rear ones"
Urmeaza exercitiul de pronuntie. Literele ingro~ate din cuvintele de pe 0 coloana desemneaza sunete identice: [al]
[en]
[Cl]
[a:]
hide
where
play
alarm
spy
repair
brake
remarkable
tyre
there
day
task
try
pair
say
ask
"-
19
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 21 , 21.1. Participiul Daca la fonna de infinitiv scurt (Tara "to") a verbului adaugam tenninatia ,,-ing", obtinem participiul, care poate functiona ca adjectiv: This job is exhausting.
- Aceasta munca este epuizanta.
The difference is striking.
- Diferenta este frapanta.
21.2. Propozitia circumstantiala de timp are 0 structura identica cu cea a propozitiei conditionale de tipul I. Ea poate fi introdusa de unnatoarele conjunqii: when
- cand
as soon as
- de indata ce
after
- dupa, dupa aceea, dupa ce, ulterior
before
- inainte, dinaintea, altadata
Verbul din propozitia introdusa de conjunqiile mentionate se afla la timpul prezent simplu (Simple Present): He will buy the car as soon as he gets the money.
- El va cumpara ma~ina de indata , ce obtine banii.
1 will have dinner before I go to him.
- Voi cina inainte sa merg la el.
21.3. One In cazul unor comparatii sau repetitii, substantiveIe pot fi inlocuite in propozitie de pronumele nehotarat "one". Utilizarea lui este obligatorie alaturi de adjective ~i in multe cazuri adjectivul este precedat de articolul hotarat: ro~ii ~i
I have two red chairs and a white one.
- Am doua scaune
They have two cars. He wants the blue one.
- Ei au doua ma~mi. El albastra.
Pronumele nehotarat one poate sa apara
~i
0
unul alb. vrea pe cea
la plural:
Have you ever seen cheaper ones?
- Ai vazut vreodata unele mai ieftine?
I like these black ones.
- Imi plac acestea negre.
21.4. Comparatia adjectivelor ~i adverbelor: 21.4.1.
In cazul comparatiei referitoare la accea~i trasatura a doua substantive, superioritatea se exprima prin gradul comparativ precedat de articolul hotarat "the": - Dintre cele doua ma~ini aceasta este mai ieftina.
This is the cheaper of the two cars.
20
21.4.2.
Cre~terea sau descre~terea progresiva se exprima prin repetarea formei de comparativ a adjectivului sau adverbului, cele doua forme fiind legate prin conjunqia "and": Ma~ina
The car moved faster and faster.
-
Petrol is becoming more and more expensive.
- Benzina e din ce In ce mai scumpa.
They talked less and less quietly.
- Eu au vorbit din ce In ce mai aprins.
mergea din ce In ce mai repede.
21.5. Verbul auxiliar to do 21.5.1.
Verbul auxiliar "to do" se folosqte In propozitii afirmative pentru a accentua, a sublinia 0 afirmatie sau pentru accentuarea verbului principal al propozitiei. Verbul auxiliar va fi accentuat In pronuntie: Do come and visit me!
21.5.2.
- Vino
~i
viziteaza-ma neaparat!
Verbul "to do" se folose~te pentru Inlocuirea verhului principal deja cunoscut, cu exceptia verbelor "to be, to have" ~i a verbelor auxiliare modale: She works as
~ard
-
as you do.
Munce~te
la fel de mult ca ~i tine.
21.5.3. Cu ajutorul verbului "to do" ne putem referi la verhul folosit anterior In propozitie: I asked him to repair the car and he did so.
- L-am rugat sa repare ~i el a Iacut-o.
ma~ina
Urmarind exemplul de mai sus putem ohserva ca folosirea verhului "to do" poate aduce ~i informatii suplimentare.
21
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 21 A.
B,..
C.
Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba romiina: 1.
Which is the more exciting of these two films?
2.
The fast ones are very expensive.
3.
You will move as soon as your room is ready.
4.
Do invite her for dinner!
5.
We smoke as little as they do.
6.
It is getting more and more cloudy.
Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza: ~i
1.
L-am rugat sa aleaga
2.
Dati-mi, va rog, pe cea economicoasa.
3.
El
4.
Este sigura aceasta roata de rezerva?
5.
Dupa ce termini de citit, vei repara biblioteca.
6.
Ma viziteaza din ce in ce mai des.
Corectati
cii~tiga
el a Iacut-o.
mai putin deciit ea.
gre~elile
din fiecare propozitie:
%
.~~2%
1.
This is a useles task.
2.
I drink less than he do.
3.
The red one are sweeter.
4.
After she will finish school she will be a teacher.
4% 1% . J
5.
Is the engine accelerating good?
2%
8%
22
,..
LECTIA 22 ,
,..
PARTEA INTAI
Sa lnvatam ciiteva cuvinte din domeniul bancar:
I~
-
2% J%
8 %
9.7:A il '~_1_,6_0/0
J\.
4~
1~ • ~
0'0
10
,0
3,9 %
2/5
account
> [akauntJ
cheque
>
instalment
> [insto:lmant]
- rata, plata in rate
loan
> [Htlm]
- imprumut
rate of interest
> [reit av intrist]
- rata dobiinzii, dobiinda
coin
> [koinj
- moneda
form
> [fo:rm]
- formular
information
>
balance
> [bEUms]
- balanla, bilanl, echilibru, sold
withdrawal
> [UiDzdro:al]
- retragere, ridicare de bani
deposit
> [dipozit]
- depozit, depunere (la banca)
Repetati cuvintele noi
~i
withdrawal
> [ lI iD zdro:al]
- retragere, ridicare de bani
coin
> [koin]
-moneda
loan
> [laun]
- imprumut
[t~ek]
[infamei~n]
- cont, factura, nota de plata - cec
- informatii
intr-o alta ordine:
10,7% 9 %
2,~
account
> [akaunt]
7,6_% 5,9%
2/4 2,1
- cont, factura, nota de plata
deposit
> l dipozit]
- depozit, depunere (la banca)
instalment
> [insto:lmant]
- rata, plata In rate
rate of interest
>
rreit av intrist]
- rata dobiinzii, doMnda
information
>
[infamei~n]
- informatii
cheque
>
[t~ek]
- cec
form
> [fo:rm]
- formular
balance
> lbElans]
- balanla, bilant, echilibru, sold
23
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii. Fiti atenti la pronuntie: I have an account in a reliable bank.
> [al hEy an akaunt In a nlalabl bEnk]
- Am un cont la 0 banca de incredere.
Do you want money or a cheque?
> [du
- Vreti bani sau un cec?
You can pay in instalments.
> [1U: kEn pel in Insto:lmants] - Poti plati in rate.
Can I get a loan here?
> [kEn ai get a loun hla']
- Pot obtine aici un imprumut?
The rate of interest is high.
> [DZa relt ov intnst iz hat]
- Rata dobfmzii este ridicata.
Do you take coins?
> [du 1U: telk kotnz]
- Acceptati bani marunti (monede)?
You need these forms.
> [iu: m:d DZI.Z fo:'mz]
- Ai nevoie de aceste formulare.
ThiE. is useful information.
> [DZIs iz lU:sfal
Is my balance high enough?
> [IZ mal bElans hai ina£]
- Este suficient de mare soldul meu?
He made a withdrawal.
> [hI: meld a uIDzdro:al]
- EI a ridicat bani.
She makes weekly deposits.
>
IU:
Uont mani
0:' a t~ek]
[~I:
mfamei~n]
melks ui:kh dipozits]
- Sunt informatii utile.
- Ea face depuneri saptamanal.
Completati propozitiile cu cuvintele care lipsesc. Cititi textul cu voce tare: Rata dobanzii
- The> rate of interest is rising.
cre~te.
Pentru ce este acest formular?
- What is this> form for?
Azi voi ridica bani.
- I will make a> withdrawal today.
24
De cat timp ai un cont?
- How long have you had an >account?
I-am dat un cec.
- I gave him a >cheque.
Aceasta este prima mea depunere.
- This is my first >deposlt.
Unde este bilantul?
- Where is the >balance?
Avem nevoie de mai multe informatii.
- We need more >information.
Avem nevoie de acest imprumut.
- We need this >loan.
Aceasta este ultima rata.
- This is the last >instalment.
El vrea sa schimbe aceste monede.
- He wants to change these >coins.
Traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza: rata
> instalment
moneda
> coin
sold
> balance
retragere
> withdrawal
formular
> form
depunere
> deposit
rata dobanzii
> rate of interest
cont
> account
cec
> cheque
informatie
> information
imprumut
> loan
in limba englezii existii mai multe substantive care nu au plural; ele sunt urmate de un verb la persoana a IIl-a singular. in limba romiinii unele se traduc la singular, altele la plural. Urmariti substantivele de mai jos ~i retineti intelesullor: business
> [bizllls]
- afacere, treaba
furniture
> [Ia:rnit~ar]
- mobilier, mobila
progress
> [praugres]
-progres
strength
> [stren(g)TS]
- putere, forta, tarie
revenue
> [revamu:]
- venit, in special din impozit
merchandise
> [ma:rt~andaiz]
-marfa
property
> [proparti]
- proprietate, avere
information
> [infamel~n]
- informatii
money
> [mam]
-bani
news
> [nlU.z]
-
lata ~i alte substantive:
25
~tire, noutate, noutati, ve~ti
veste/~tiri,
lata aceste substantive in propozitii: Business is good this year.
> [biznIS IZ gud O'lS ila']
- Afacerile merg bine anul acesta. - Mobila a fost ieftina.
The furniture was cheap. Little progress was made.
> [liti praugres uoz meld]
Her strength was exhausted.
> [ha:' stren(glp u oz Igzo:stic] - (Ea) era la capatul puterilor.
The revenue is high enough.
> [DZa revanlU:
This merchandise is ready.
> [DZIs
They lost all their property.
> [DZei lost
1Z
hal
ma.'t~andalz
0
maf]
IZ redl]
1 D/ei T propaTti]
- S-a progresat putin.
- Impozitul este destul de ridicat. - Aceasta marta este gata. -
~i-au
pierdut toata averea.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii cu cuvintele care lipsesc. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare atenti la pronuntie:
~i
fiti
Aceasta mobila este noua?
- Is this >furniture new?
Impozitul a crescut.
- The >rcvenue has risen.
EI are avere mare?
- Has he much >property?
Este destul de puternic pentru aceasta munca?
- Has he enough >strength for this work?
Facem 0 multime de afaceri cu ei.
- We do a lot of>busmess with them.
S-au tacut multe progrese?
- Has there been much >progress?
Au cumparat marfa la pret redus.
- They bought the >merchandlse at discount.
lata acum ciiteva verbe noi. Urmariti semnificatia lor in limba romiina: kE~]
to cash
> [tu
to lend
> [tLl lend]
- a imprumuta, a da cu imprurnut
to borrow
> [tu borauJ
- a imprumuta, a lua cu imprumut
to fill in
>[tu film]
- a completa (un formular, chestionar... )
to withdraw
> [tll UiD! dlO ]
- a retrage, a lua inapoi, a scoate, a ridica bani
to deposit
> [tll dlpOZIt]
- a depune
to learn
>[tula'n]
- a Invata, a afla
to call (to)
> [tu ko 1]
- a chema, a striga, a denumi, a boteza
- a ridica 0 suma, a plati in numerar
26
Unele dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate. lata fonnele lor: forma a II-a
fonna I
fonna a III-a
lend
> [ lend]
lent
> [lent]
lent
> [ lent]
withdraw
> [\liD'dro:]
withdrew
> [\liDzdru.]
withdrawn
> [\lIDzdro:n]
learn
> [la:'n]
learnt
> [la.lnt]
learnt
> [la:'nt]
Sa folosim verbele invatate in propozitii:
~
[~i. kE~t
DZa
t~ek
I
She cashed the cheque.
>
He has lent us the money.
> [hI: hEz lent as IYa marJlj
- El ne-a imprumutat banii.
We borrowed less last year.
> [\II: boraud les la:st Ila']
- Noi am imprumutat mai putin anul trecut.
Have you filled in the fonn?
> [hEy w: fild in {)fa fa.'m]
- Ai completat fonnularul?
What did you learn yesterday? > ["at dId III la:'11 Icsta'dcI]
- Ea a incasat cecul.
- Ce-ai invatat ieri?
They withdrew all their money.
> [DZel u1Dzdru: 0:1 Dzei' mani]
-
How much have you deposited?
> [hall mats h[ v lU: dipoZllld]
- Cat ai depus?
We called the cat Blinky.
> [Ui: ko. ld D/a kEt blin(g)ki]
- Am botezat-o Blinky pe pisica.
~i-au
retras toti banii.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza: Vrei sa depui multi bani?
- Do you want to > deposltmuch?
Inca nu l-ai completat.
- You haven't> filledit in yet.
Noi am imprumutat multi bani de la el.
- We have> borroweda lot of money from him.
Ai invatat cum se repara asta?
- Have you> karnlhow to repair it?
Ce ti-a strigat?
- What did she> callto you?
Completati, va rag, acest fonnular pentru ridicarea banilor.
- Fill in this fonn to > wlthdrawmoney, please.
Ai incasat deja acest cec?
- Have you> cashed this cheque already?
Cu cat te-a imprumutat?
- How much did he > lend you?
27
Traduceti unnatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza: a retrage, a ridica bani
> to wIthdraw
a chema
> to call
a incasa, a schimba in bani (un cec)
> to cash
a completa (un formular)
> to fill In
a invata
>-to learn
a depune
> to depOSIt
ada imprumut (cuiva)
> to lend
a lua imprumut (de la)
> to borrow
Acum sa ne intoarcem la problema verbelor terminate in ,,-ing". Aceastti 0 formti a verbului desemneazti substantivul format din verb. in propozi{ii ea are roluri specijice substantivului dar i~i ptistreazti ~i caracterul verbal, datorittifaptului cti cere prepozi{iile $i cazurile specijiceformei de bazti a .verbului. in limba englezti aceasttiformti a verbului cu termina(ia ,,-ing" se nume~te gerund [dJerand]. Inainte de a analiza caracteristicile acestei forme verbale, iata cateva exemple. Cu ajutorullor putem observa ca aceasta forma a verbului se traduce in limba romana printr-un substantiv sau un verb la infinitiv.
Smoking is bad for you.
- Fumatul este daunator (pentru dumneavoastra).
Is flying dangerous?
- Zborul este periculos?
Before leaving he wrote a short letter.
- Inaintea de a pleca el a scris 0 scrisoare scurtii.
You can learn something by doing it.
- Poti sa inveti ceva fiicind (asta).
Ca orice substantiv gerunziul poate sti aparti in propozi(ie ca: 1.
2.
Subiect:
Walking in the woods is nice.
- Plimbarea in padure este placuta.
Eating too much is not good for you.
- A minca prea mult nu-ti face bine.
Dupti prepozi(ii: They talked about going to the cinema.
- Au vorbit despre faptul ca merg la cinema.
What do you think about buying a dog?
- Ce parere ai despre cumpirarea unui caine?
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: A te uita la TV poate fi obositor.
> WatchIng TV can be tIrIng.
Nu-mi place sa ~terg pe jos.
> I don't Itke dusting the floors.
Solicitarea unui loc de munca este epuizanta.
> ApplyIng for a Job IS exhaustmg.
Ne giindim sa concediem zece angajati.
> We are thmkmg about firIng ten employees.
28
Sa invatam ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare
~i
retineti sensullor in limba romana:
prepared
> [pripeard]
- pregatit, gata (de, sa)
safe
> [seif]
- sigur, lipsit de pericol, in siguranta
present
> [prezant]
- prezent, actual
sure
>
- sigur, convins
previous
> [pri:vJas]
- anterior, prealabil, precedent
risky
> [riski]
- riscant, periculos
[~uar]
Sa introducem cuvintele noi in propozitii: We are prepared to pay in cash.
> [Ui' a: r pripeard tu pei in kE~]
- Suntem gata sa platim in numerar.
Is it safe to deposit money with that bank?
> liz It selftu dlpozit mani UiD' DzEt bEnk]
- Este sigur sa depui bani la banca aceea?
What is the present rate of interest?
> ["ot iz D'a prezant reit ov intrist]
- Care este rata actuala a dobiinzii?
Are you sure that your balance is high enough?
> [a: r IU: ~uaf D'Et io: f bElans iz hai inaf]
-
When was your previous withdrawal?
> [Uen Uoz io: f pri:vias uiDzdro:al]
- Ciind ai ridicat bani ultima oara?
Lending them money is risky.
> [Iendin
- Este riscant sa Ie dai bani cu imprumut.
E~ti sigur ca soldul tau este indeajuns de ridicat?
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza: E~ti
- Are you> sure you have an account here?
sigur ca ai un cont aici?
Ultima mea depunere a fost mica.
- My >previous deposit was small.
E~ti
- Are you > prepared to pay cash?
pregatit sa pHite~ti in numerar?
Acest imprumut este foarte riscant.
- This loan is very >risky.
Cecurile sunt mai sigure deciit bancnotele.
- Cheques are >safer than bills.
Soldul actual este foarte scazut.
- The >present balance is very low.
29
Traduceli cuvintele in limba engleza: sigur
> sure
pregatit, gata (de)
> prepared
riscant
> nsky
prezent
> present
sigur, in siguranla
> safe
precedent
> previous
Sa ne intoarcem la pluralul substantivelor. Daca substantivul este precedat de un numeral, altul dedit unu, atunci substantivul este la plural: We waited for one and a half hours.
- Am a~teptat 0 ora
~i
They have lived here for three years.
- Loeuiesc aici de trei ani.
He is ten years old.
- EI are zece ani.
jumatate.
Daca substantivul are semnificafie de plural atunci trebuie safie la plural: In that accident they lost their lives.
- In acel accident ~i-au pierdut viata.
We all drove our own cars.
- Fiecare
We all bought our own tickets.
- Noi toti ne-am cumparat biletele proprii.
~i-a
condus
ma~ina.
Forma de gerunziu sefolose!jte in urmatoarele cazuri:
1.
2.
Dupii anumite verbe: They stopped working after a few hours.
- Ei au incetat lucml dupa cateva ore.
Do you like swimming?
- Ili place sa inoli? (Ili place inotul?)
Cu urmiitoarele expresii: it is no use
- nefolositor, rara rost, nu are rost
it is worth
- (care) merita
It is no use talking to him.
- Nu are rost sa vorbim eu el.
The book is worth reading.
- Cartea merita sa fie citita.
Traduceli urmatoarele propozilii in limba engleza: Lor Ie place sa bea cafea?
])0
Aceasta ma~ina merita sa fie cumparata.
This car
Nu are rost sa iei asta acum.
It's no use takmg It now.
EI tocmai s-a oprit din scris.
He has just stopped wrIting. 30
they lIke drinkll1g coffee? IS
worth buying.
In incheire sa recapitulam toate problemele gramaticale discutate. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Dupa completarea formularelor am primit banii.
> After filling m the forms we got the money.
Aceste inforrnatii sunt demne de incredere.
> This informatIOn is relJable.
II vei suna pe fratele meu?
> Will you call my brother?
Poti plati ma~ina in rate.
> You can pay the car in instalments.
Imi place sa fac afaceri cu el.
> I lIke to do business with him.
Noi toti am folosit bicicletele proprii.
> We all used our own bicycles.
E~ti sigur ca este riscant sa Ie imprumutam bani?
> Are you sure that lending them
Este u~or sa faci
> Making a: deposit is easy.
~tii
0
money is risky?
depunere.
> Do you know the present rate of mterest?
care este rata actuala a dobanzii?
Poti face asta vanzand proprietatea tao
> You can do it by selling your property.
Nu-mi place sa iau cu imprumut.
> I don't like borrowing.
Cati oameni
~i-au
> How many people lost then lives'!
pierdut viata?
Am avut un cont aici timp de zece ani.
> I have had an account here for ten years.
EI a incasat cecul in urrna cu o luna ~i jumatate.
> He cashed the cheque one and a half months ago.
lar acum urmeaza exercitiul de pronuntie. Cuvintele de pe acee~i coloana au un sunet identic, desemnat de literele scrise ingro~at. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare: [ E]
[e]
cash
lend
trouble
disease
bank
cheque
struggle
previous
balance
left
cut
scene
stamp
twelve
but
seen
lamp
engine
sun
been
[a]
[i: ]
31
LECTIA 22 - PARTEA A nOVA , Cititi cu atentie urmatorul dialog. Silabele speciale:
~i
cuvintele accentuate sunt evidentiate prin caractere
Barbara: John, do you often have to go to the bank? John:
I think so. Why do you ask that?
Barbara: Because sometimes there are many people there. John:
Yes, many people want to make a withdrawal or a deposit.
Barbara: And you must fill in forms before you can do something. John:
People try to write very fast because they have little time.
Barbara: The bank always want information, but that takes time, too. John:
But when you do the necessary things you leave the bank in a hurry.
Mary:
Peter, don't you think that we still have time for shopping?
Peter:
I don't know. The streets are still full of traffic and you cannot drive very fast.
Mary:
And something is wrong with the car. It didn't accelerate well when I was driving home.
Peter:
And you don't know what the trouble is, so you have to ask a mechanic to check everything.
Mary:
If the trouble is serious I have to call a breakdown van.
Mary:
Peter, the mechanic just called and said that he had to put a new engine in our car, but is that true?
Peter:
I don't know. You know that some people are not reliable. They only want your money.
Mary:
But we don't have enough money right now to pay for a new engine.
Peter:
Then we have to borrow money, at a high rate of interest.
Mary:
This shows how one bad thing can cause another.
Peter:
Well, it is better not to worry too much.
Urmeaza un exercitiu de traducere In care vom recapitula materialu1 1ectii10r 21 propozitiile In limba engleza:
~i
22. Traduceti
Seara trecuta noi am vazut 0 piesa emotionanta.
> We saw a movll1g play last mght.
Ultima scena a fost una remarcabi1a.
> The last scene was a very remarkable one.
Cateva inventii sunt nefo10sitoare.
> Some inventIOns are useless.
Nu toate filmele sunt interesante.
> Not all rtlms are exciting.
Dar mie imi plac cele bune.
> But 1 like the good ones.
Tu te uiti la mai mu1te filme decat mine.
>
32
YOLI \\
a1ch mOle films than I cia.
L-am rugat pe mecanic sa verifice motorul ~i el a lacut-o.
> l asked the mechal1lc to check the engine
A~
> I could overtake hIm easily.
putea sa-l
Ma~inile
and he did so.
depa~esc u~or.
straine devin din ce 'in ce mai ieftine.
> Foreign cars are gettmg cheaper and cheaper.
Dintre cei doi baieti, el 'il 'intreaba pe cel mai mare unde este banca.
> He IS asking the 01 der of the two boys '" here the bank is.
EI nu ne-a putut da informatiile necesare.
> He could not give us the necessary mformation.
Ei au lacut plinul 'in graba.
> They filled up the car m a hurry.
Este un motor foarte economic.
> It is a very economIcal engme.
E~ti
> Are you sure the battery is out of order?
sigur ca acumulatorul nu functioneaza?
Este mai sigur sa nu accelerezi prea mult.
> It is safer not to accelerate too fast.
Am vazut un politist prin geamul din spate.
> I sa\, a policeman through the rear window.
Inainte sa repare frana, el a verificat indicatoarele.
> Before repainng the brake, he checked
Nu este greu sa schimbi un cauciuc.
> Changmg a tyre is not dit1icult.
EI a ales
0 ma~ina
the indicators.
> He has chosen a foreign car.
straina.
Noi Ie-am 'imprumutat ni~te ulei.
> \Ve have lent them some OIl.
E~ti
> Are you prcpared to help a spy?
gata sa ajuti un spion?
Situatia este 'inca alarmanta?
> Is the situatIon stIlI alarming?
Poti face asta 'inainte de a incasa cecul?
> Can you do this before cashing the cheque?
Camioanele trebuie sa aiba frane foarte bune.
> Lorries must have very good brakes.
Ei pot face asta lara toate gesturile acestea.
> Thcy can do It without making all these gcstures.
Vezi diferenta?
> Can you see what the difference is?
Nu are rost sa te ascunzi.
> It's no use hiding.
Merita sa cumparam un acumulator nou?
> It is worth buying a new battery?
A devenit din ce 'in ce mai riscant.
> It was getting riskier and riskier.
Am rugat-o sa ridice bani Am vrut sa cumparam 0 pe cea economica.
~i
> I asked her to withdraw money and she did so.
ea a Iacut-o.
ma~ina ~i
> We wanted to buy a car and we chose the economical onc.
am ales-o
> The cheaper of the two is the more reliable one.
Dintre cele doua, cea ieftina este cea mai sigura. 33
Controleaza neaparat
~i
> Do check the OIl!
uleiul!
Aceasta este ultima rata, dar cand au fost cele anterioare?
> This IS the last Instalment, but when were
Este important sa avem 0 roata de rezerva.
> It IS Important to have a spare tyre.
Trebuie sa alegem i'ntre a scoate bani ~i a-i i'mprumuta.
> We must choose between withdraWIng money and borrowlllg it.
Iti poti vinde proprietatea.
> Yau can sell your property.
Ea s-a lasat de fumat saptamana trecuta.
> She gave up smoking last week.
Patru oameni
~i-au
the prevIOus ones')
> Four people lost their lIves.
pierdut viata.
"Changing a tyre is not difficult."
34
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 22 , 22.1. in limba engleza exista mai multe substantive care nu au forma de plural ~i alaturi de care verbul se folose~te la persoana a Ill-a singular. in limba romana unele sunt traduse prin forme de singular, altele prin forme de plural: business
- afacere, treaba, treburi
furniture
- mobilier, mobila
22.2. Gerunziul (substantive formate din verbe cu terminatia ,,-ing") 22.2.1.
Ca orice substantiv la fel
~i
gerunziul apare in propozitie ca :
I. Subiect al propozitiei: - Plimbarea in padure este placuta.
Walking in the woods is nice. 2. Dupa prepozitii:
- Au vorbit despre plecarea la
They talked about going to Bucharest. 22.2.2.
Forma de gerunziu
0
Bucure~ti.
folosim:
I. Dupa anumite verbe: They stopped working after a few hours.
- Au incetat sa lucreze dupa cateva ore.
2. Cu urmatoarele expresii: it is no use
- nu are rost
it is worth
- merita sa (00')
It is no use talking to him.
- Nu are rost sa vorbim cu el.
The book is worth reading.
- Cartea merita citita.
22.3. Daca substantivul este precedat de un numeral "mai mare decat unu", atunci substantivul apare la plural: a~teptat 0
ora ~i jumatate.
We waited for one and a half hours.
- Am
They have lived here for three years.
- Locuiesc aici de trei ani.
He is ten years old.
- EI are zece ani.
Daca substantivul are semnificatie de plural atunci trebuie sa primeasca ~i forma de plural: In that accident they lost their lives.
-
35
~i-au
pierdut viata in acel accident.
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 22 A.
B.
c.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana: I.
My previous job was filling in forms.
2.
It's no use withdrawing all that money.
3.
When did you make your last withdrawal?
4.
I think borrowing money is risky.
5.
Are you sure there is enough revenue?
6.
It is better to ask for information before depositing money.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: I.
Noi toti ne-am completat formularele.
2.
Rata dobiinzii
3.
E~ti
4.
In aceasta situatie poti sa dai bani cu imprumut.
5.
Ei au retras multi bani din acest cont.
6.
Imi place sa-mi verific des bilantul.
cre~te
rapid.
gata sa-mi schimbi acest cec in bani?
Corectati gre~elile din urmatoarele propozitii: 1.
I want more informations.
2.
Why have you lended them those books?
3.
Is there many progress?
4.
It is safer without to borrow.
5.
Who withdrawed it?
36
Lista verbelor neregulate din lecpile 21 forma I
forma a II-a chose
>
> [hald]
hid
learn
> [Ia.ln]
lend
~i
22
forma a III-a [t~auz]
[t~auzn]
chosen
>
> [hid]
hidden
> [hidn]
learnt
> [la:fnt]
learnt
> [la:fnt]
> [lend]
lent
> [lent]
lent
> [lent]
strike
> [stralk]
struck
> [strak]
struck
> [strak]
withdraw
> [U1Dzdro:]
withdrew > [UiDzdru']
withdrawn
> [UiDzdro:n]
choose
>
hide
[t~u:z]
37
VOCABITLARUL LECTIILOR 21 SI , , 22 to accelerate
> [tu akselarelt]
- a accelera
account
> [akaunt]
- cont
to alarm
> [tu ala.'m]
- a alarrna
as soon as
> [Ez su:n Ez]
- de indata ce
balance
> [bElans]
- balanta, bilant, echilibru, sold
battery
> [bEtan]
- baterie, acumulator
to borrow
> [tu borau]
- a imprumuta, a lua imprumut
brake
> [brelk]
- frana
to brake
> [tu brelk]
- a frana
breakdown van
> [brelkdaun yEn]
-
broken
> [braukn]
- sfiiramat, spart, stricat
business
> [biznis]
- afacere, treaba
to call (to)
> [tuko:l]
- a chema, a striga, a denumi, a boteza
to cash
> [tu
catching
>
to check
> [tu
cheque
>
to choose
> [tu
coin
> [korn]
- moneda, bani
deposit
> [dlpozit]
- depozit, depunere, bani la banca
to deposit
> [tu dlpOZlt]
- a depune, a depozita
difference
> [difrans]
- diferenta, deosebire
to disappoint
> [tu dlsapornt]
- a dezamagi, a deceptiona
disease
> [dlzi:z]
- boala, maladie
economical
> [J:kanomikal]
- econom, economicos
engine
> [endJln]
- motor
to excite
> [tu Iksalt]
- a provoca, a emotiona
exciting
> [lksaltll1(g)]
- interesant, captivant
to exhaust
> [tu Igzo st]
- a epuiza, a istovi
exhausting
> r Igzo.stm(g)]
- epuizant, istovitor
to fill in
> [tu fil m]
- a completa (un formular, chestionar etc.)
to fill up
> [tu fil ap]
- a umple, a ocupa (un post liber), a pune (benzina in rezervor)
film
> [film]
- film
kE~]
ma~ina
de depanare auto
- a incasa, a schimba un cec in bani, a plati in numerar
[kEt~lll(g)]
- molipsitor, contagios
t~ek]
- a controla, a verifica
[t~ek]
- cec (bancar)
t~u:z]
- a alege, a selecta
38
pu~i
foreign
> [forin]
- strain, din alta tara
form
> [fo:fm]
- formular
front
> [ frant]
- partea din fata, front, fata
furniture
> [ fii:fnit~af]
- mobilier, mobila
gerund
> [djerand]
- gerunziu (substantiv format din verb)
gesture
> [ dJest~afJ
- gest
to hide
> [tu hald]
- a ascunde, a acoperi
indicator
> [indikelta f]
- indicator (de directie, etc), aparat de masura/control
information
>
instalment
> [ insto:lmant]
invention
>
to invite
> [tu invalt]
- a invita
inviting
> [ invaitin(g)]
- imbietor, ispititor, ademenitor, tentant
it's no use
> [its nau iu:z]
- n-are rost
to learn
> [tu la:fn]
- a invata, a afla
left
> [left]
- stang, din stanga
to lend
> [tu lend]
- a imprumuta, a da cu imprumut
litre (USA liter)
> [ li:ta r ]
- litru
loan
> [ laun]
-imprumut
lorry
> [Ion]
- camion
mechanic
> [mikEnik]
- mecanic
merchandise
>
to move
> [tu mu:v]
- a se mi~ca, a se muta, a se deplasa, a emotiona
movmg
> [mu:vin(g)]
- emotionant
oil
> [011]
- ulei
to overtake
> [tu ouvafteik]
- a ajunge din urma, a
person
> [pa:fsn]
- individ, persoana
petrol
> [ petral]
- benzina, carburant
play
> [plei]
- joc, piesa
prepared
> [pripeafd]
- pregatit, gata (de, sa)
present
> [prezant]
- prezent, actual
prevIous
> [pri:vias]
- anterior, prealabil, precedent
progress
> [praugres]
- progres, evolutie
property
> [propafti]
- proprietate, avere
rate of interest
> [relt ov intnst]
- rata dobanzii, dobanda
[inIamei~n ]
- informatii - rata, plata in rate
[inven~n]
- inventie, descoperire
[ma:ft~andaiz ]
39
- marIa
depa~i
rear
> [ria r]
- (in/din) spate, dos, urma
reliable
> [nlaiabl]
- demn de Incredere, sigur
remarkable
> [nma:rkabl]
- remarcabil, deosebit
to repair
> [tu npear]
- a repara, a Indrepta
revenue
> [revaniu:]
- venit (anual), ca~tig(uri), beneficii
risky
> [riski]
- riscant, primejdios, periculos
safe
> [ self]
- sigur, lipsit de pericol, In siguranta
scene
> [si:n]
- scena, decor, peisaj
situation
>
- situatie, stare
spare
> [spear]
- de rezerva, suplimentar, liber
spy
> [sPai]
- splOn
strength
> [stren(g)TS]
- putere, forta, tarie
to strike
> [tu straik]
- a lovi, a izbi, a frapa, a
striking
> [stralkin(g)]
- izbitor, frapant
struggle
> [stragl]
- lupta, ciocnire, Intrecere
sure
>
- slgur
to surprise
> [tu sapralz]
- a surprinde, a uimi, a lua prin surprindere
surprising
> [sapralzin(gl]
- surprinzator,
task
> [ta:sk]
- sarcina, Indatorire
to tire
> [tu taia r]
- a obosi
tiring
> [taiarm(gl]
- obositor, plictisitor
trouble
> [trabl]
- necaz, suparare, griji
tyre
> [tad]
- pneu, anvelopa, cauciuc
useless
> [1U:slis]
- inutil, nefolositor, zadamic
to withdraw
> [tu uiDzdro:]
- a retrage, a lua Inapoi, a scoate, a ridica bani
withdrawal
> [U1Dzdro:al]
- retragere, ridicare de bani
worth
> [Ua:TT']
- care merita
[sitlUei~n ]
[~uar]
40
..
~
~oca
nea~teptat
• .....
RECAPITULARE
1.
2.
Pronumele "what, how, whIch, whom, whose": What do you want to do today?
- Ce vrei sa faci astazi?
What flowers does she like most?
- Care flori ji plac cel mai mult?
How fast IS this car?
- Cat de rapida este aceasta
WhIch school IS the best?
- Care este
Whom did you see yesterday?
- Pe cme ai vazut ieri?
Whose chlld is thIs?
-- Al cui este acest copil?
~coala
ma~ina?
cea mai buna?
Gerunziul: Walkmg here is nIce.
- E placut sa te plimbi aicl.
I don't like ironmg.
- Nu-mi place sa calc (cu fierul).
They are talking about vlsltmg London.
- EI vorbesc despre vizitarea Londrei.
LECTIA 23 ,
PARTEA iNTAI
Poate ati studiat geografia, dar nu ati fost inca la 0 leqie de geografie tinuta in limba engleza. Acum va invitam la 0 astfel de lectie: earth, Earth
> [a:rr]
- pamant, Pamant (planeta)
continent
> [kontinant]
- continent
land
> [l End]
- uscat, pamant, camp, teren
valley
> [ vEli]
- vale
mountain
> [mauntin]
- munte
region
>
source
> [so:rs]
- izvor, sursa
canal
> [kanEI]
- canal
Europe
> [iu:rap]
- Europa
lake
> [leik]
- lac
ocean
> [ ou~an]
sea
> [si: ]
- mare
harbour
> [ha:rba r]
- port
the Danube
> [D'a dEniu:b]
- Dunarea
fiver
> [riva']
- rau, fluviu
[ri:di~m]
- regiune, tinut, zona
,- ocean
Sa repetam acelea~i cuvinte intr-o alta ordine. Exersati pronuntia ~i memorati intelesul lor: valley
> [ vEli]
- vale
source
> [so:rs]
- izvor, sursa
earth, Earth
> [a'r]
- pamant, Pamant (planeta)
canal
> [kanEl]
- canal
Europe
> [iu:rap]
- Europa
continent
> [kontinant]
- continent
lake
> [lcik]
- lac
ocean
> [ ou~an]
- ocean
sea
> [si: ]
- mare
land
> [I End]
- uscat, pamant, camp, teren
harbour
> [ha:'ba r]
- port
mountain
> [mauntin]
- munte
the Danube
> pYa dEniu:b]
- DUll
flver
>
2
I riva']
- rau, fluviu
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii. Fiti atenti la pronuntie
~i
la traducerea in limba romana: ~apte
There are seven continents on the Earth.
> [Olea' a:' sevn kontinants on D7 i a:'T S]
- Pe Pamant sunt continente.
I was happy when I saw the land.
> [ai Uoz h Epi !len ai sou Dla lEnd]
- Am fost fericit cand am vazut uscatu!'
Our town is in a valley.
> [aua' taun iz in a vEli]
-
Are there many mountains in Europe?
> [a:' Dlea' meni mauntinz in iu:rap]
- Sunt multi munti in Europa?
What is the name ofthis region?
> ["ot iz DZa neim ov DZis ri:djan]
- Care este numele acestui tinut ?
We want to find the source of the Danube.
> [Ui: "ont tu faind D7a so :'s ov D/a dEniu:b]
- Vrem sa gasim izvorul Dunarii.
How wide is this canal?
> [hau lI aid iz D 7is kanEI]
-Cat de larg este acest canal?
We live next to a beautiful lake.
> lUi: liv nekst tu a biu:tifal leik]
- Locuim langa un lac minunat.
What oceans do you know?
> ["ot
I have never seen the sea.
> [ai hEv neva' si:n D7a si:]
- Nu am vazut niciodata marea.
Has Bucharest a harbour?
> [hEz bukarest a ha:'ba r ]
-
This is a very narrow river.
> [DZis iz a veri nErou riva"]
- Acesta este un rau foarte ingust.
ou~anz
du iu: nou]
Ora~ul
- Ce oceane
cuno~ti?
Bucure~tiul
"We want to find the source of the Danube" 3
nostru este intr-o vale.
are port?
NumeJe de ape sunt intotdeauna precedate de articolul hotarat "the".
Completati urmatoarele propozltll in hmba engleza folosind cuvIntele care hpsesc: Oceanele sunt foarte man.
- >Oceans are very big.
Aceasta informatle proVIne dIntr-o sursa buna.
- This Infonnation IS from a good >source.
Romania are portun modeme?
- Has RomanIa modem >harbours?
Acest animal
trale~te
NOl am petrecut
0
pe uscat.
- TIllS animal lives on the >land.
saptamana in regiunea aceea.
- We spent a week in that >region.
Pamantul este foarte mare?
- Is the> Eal1h very large?
Multe annnale au neVOle de mare pentru a trai.
- Many animals need the >sea to live.
Sunt doar ciitlva munti in aceasta tara.
- There are few> mountaInS in this country.
Acest canal este foarte ingust.
- This >canalls very narrow.
Primavara valea Dunarii arata mInunat.
- In spnng the> \ alley of the Danube looks beautiful.
Continentul nostru se
nume~te
Europa.
- Our > contInentIS called> Europe.
Ei s-au dus la lac cu autobuzul.
- They went to the> lake by bus.
Acest diu este in Anglia?
- Is this> n \ el In England?
Desigur ati retInut cuvIntele engleze~ti. Pentru a va veri fica, incercati sa Ie traduceti in limba engleza: ocean
> ocean
munte
> mountaIn
Dunarea
> 1he Danube
Izvor
> saulee
rau
> nver
uscat
> land
vale
> valley
pamant, Pamant (planeta)
> eatth, Earth
continent
> contment
Europa
> Elllape
lac
> lake
mare
> sea
canal
> canal
port
> harbour
regiune, tinut
> regIOn
Sa ne reintoarcem la problema gerunziului.
Vom invii!a diteva verbe dupii care utihzarea gerunziului este obhgatorie: du~mani
to hate
> [tu helt]
- a uri, a
to go on
> [tu gou on]
- a merge mai departe, a continua
to finish
> [Iu finiS]
- a sfar~i, a tennina 4
to prefer
> [tu prifa: T]
- a prefera, a-i place (mai mult dedit)
to continue
> [tu kantiniu:]
- a continua, a urma, a duce mai departe
to give up
>[tugivap]
- a abandona, arenunta, a se lasa (de)
lata cum se folosesc verbele impreuna cu "gerunziul": Many children hate going to school.
> [meni t~ildran heit gauin(g) tu sku: I]
- Multi copii urasc sa mearga la ~coala.
They went on working.
> [DZei tlent on tla:Tkin fg )]
- Au continuat sa lucreze.
Have you finished reading?
> [hEv iu:
He prefers leaving early.
> [hI: pnfa:Tz li:vin(g) a:Tli]
- EI prefera sa piece devreme.
They continued learning.
> [IYel kantiniu:d la:Tnin(gl]
- Au continuat sa invete.
I have given up smoking.
> tal hEv givn ap smaukin(g)]
- M-am lasat de fumat.
Completati propozitiile
engleze~ti
fini~t
ri:dm(gl]
- Ai terminat de citit?
cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor impreuna cu gerunziul:
Ea prefera sa mearga cu trenul.
- She >prefers going by train.
Ei au continuat sa vorbeasca.
- They >wcnt on talking.
Urasc sa rna scol devreme.
- I >hate gctting up early.
Au continuat invatarea limbii engleze.
- They >continued learning English.
Ai terminat de
~ters
- Have you >finished mopping the floor?
pe jos?
- I can't >giyc up singmg now.
Nu pot sa renunt acum Ja cantat.
lar acum sa invatam cateYa cuvinte noi: mam
>[mem]
- principal. esentiaJ
shallow
>l~Elau]
- putin adiinc, superficial
mountainous
> [mauntinas]
- muntos, de munte
deep
> [di:pJ
- adanc
vast
> l va.st]
- vast, foarte mare
flat
>[nFt]
- plat, intins, neted
5
Cititi cu atentie unmitorul dialog in care apar ~i cuvintele noi:
A:
Where do you live?
B:
I live in a mountainous region.
A:
Do you live in the mountains?
B:
No, in a valley.
A:
Is it deep?
B:
No, it is shallow, but very vast. And the source of the Danube is in my valley.
A:
Is the Danube the main river in Romania?
B:
Yes, it is. And what about you? Where do you live?
A:
I live in a flat region in the east of Romania.
Cititi separat fiecare propozitie. Fiti atenti la pronuntie: Where do you live?
locuie~ti?
> [Lll: a' du iu: liv]
- Unde
> [ai liv in a mauntinas ri:djan]
- Locuiesc intr-o regiune muntoasa.
Do you live in the mountains?
> [du
-
No, in a valley.
> [noli in il vEli]
- Nu, intr-o vale.
Is it deep?
>lizitdi:p]
- Este adiinca?
No, it is shallow, but very vast.
> [nou It iz va:sl]
And the source of the Danube is in my valley.
> [End [Ya so:'s ov D'a dEniu:b iz in mai vEIi]
-
Is the Danube the main river of Romania?
> [iz D'a dEn/u:b D'a mcin rival ov ru:mcinia]
- Dunarea este fluviul eel mai mare al Romaniei?
I live in a mountainous / region.
ILl:
liv in IYa mauntinz]
~Elau
bal veri
Yes, it is. And what about you? > lies il iz End Llol abaul iu:]
Locuie~ti
la munte?
- Nu, este putin adanca, dar foarte intinsa. ~i
izvorul Dunarii este (izvora~te) 'in valea mea.
- Da. Iar tu ce mai faci?
Where do you live?
> l Llca ' du iu: livJ
- Unde
I live in a flat region in the east of Romania.
> [ai liv in a fiEt ri:djan in D/i i:st ov ru:mciniaJ
- Traiesc intr-o regiune de campie din estul Romaniei.
6
locuie~ti?
In exercitiul unnator completati propozitiile In limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Oceanele nu sunt superficiale/putm adanci.
- Oceans aren't >shallow.
In ace~ti muntl sunt vai intinse.
- There are >vast valleys in these mountains.
Locuim intr-o regiune de campie.
- We live in a > flat region.
Acesta este canalul principal.
- This is the >main canal.
Porturile trebuie sa fie adanci.
- Harbours must be >deep.
Romania este
- Is Romania a >mountainous country?
0
tara muntoasa'?
Traduceti cuvmtele in limba engleza: mic, putm adanc
> shallow
- vast, larg
> vast
pIaL neted
> flat
- principal, esential
> main
muntos
> mountamous
- adanc
> deep
Cand verbul to have illseamna a avea, a poseda, poate fi inloeulf eu eonstrueria to have got. She has got many books.
- Ea are multe cartl.
Have you got anything for me'?
- Ai ceva pentru mine?
He hasn't got a car.
- El nu are
ma~ina.
Traduceti umlatoarele propozitii in limba engJeza folosind construetia to have got: EI au doua case.
> They have got two houses.
Ea nu are came.
> She has got no dog.
Ai putm timp'?
> Have you got any time?
De ce nu ai perdele?
> Why haven't you got any cUI1ains')
lata acum ciiteva verbe noi: to lie
> [tu lai]
- a sta culcat, a zace
to steal
> ltu stl.1]
- a fura
to cost
> [to kost]
- a costa
to mean
> [tu mi:n]
- a Insemna, a avea de gand
to sWIm
> [tus"lln]
- a Inota
to throw
> [tu Prau]
- a arunca, a azvarli
to throw out
> l tu "Prau aut]
- a arunca, a scoate afara
to laugh at
> [tu la:f Et]
- a rade de 7
Dintre verbele noi cele mai multe sunt neregulate. lata cele trei forme ale lor:
forma I
forma a II-a
forma a III-a
lie
> [Iai]
lay
> [lei]
lain
> [lein]
steal
> [sti:l]
stole
> [staul]
stolen
> [stiiulan]
cost
> [kost]
cost
> [kost]
cost
> [kost]
mean
>[mi:n]
meant
> [ment]
meant
> [ment]
SWim
> [sUim]
swam
> (sUEm]
swum
> [sU am ]
throw
> [T'rou]
threw
> [T'ru:]
thrown
> [T'roun]
Cititi cu voce tare unnatoarele propozitii in care sunt incluse
~i
verbele noi:
The book lay on the floor.
> [DZa buk lei on D7 a flo:f]
- Cartea zace pe podea.
His car has been stolen.
> [hiz ka: f hEz bj:n staulim]
-
They threw out the old magazines.
> l D'ci 1"ru: aut D 7j aulu mEgazi:nz]
- Au aruncat revistele vechi.
It cost me nothing to get it.
> [it kost mi: naT'in(g) tu get it]
- Nu m-a costat nimic sa obtin asta.
It has always meant the same.
> [it hEz 0: l"eiz ment D7 a seim]
- A insemnat intotdeauna acela~i lucru.
They swam across the canal.
> [D'ei s"Em akros D'a kanEl]
- Au inotat de-a lungul canalului.
Ma~ina
lui a fost furata.
Fonna de gerunziu a verbului to lie este lying.
Completati unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor: Cit te-a costat asta?
- How much did it > cost you?
Trebuie sa aruncam aceste lucruri.
- We must> throw out these things.
Ei mi-au furat toate instrumentele.
- They> stole all my tools.
De ce zace asta aici?
- Why is it > lying here?
Asta inseamna ca totul e pierdut.
- This> means that everything is lost.
Ai inotat adesea in lac?
- Did you often >swim in the lake?
Ea a aruncat cheile pe masa.
- She> threw the keys on the table.
8
Verificati daca ati retinut cele trei forme ale verbelor: a costa
> cost
>cost
> cost
a Inota
> swim
> swam
> swum
a Insemna, a avea de gand
> mean
> meant
> meant
a sta culcat
> lie
>Iay
>lam
a fura
> steal
> stole
> stolen
a arunca, a azvarli
> throw
> threw
> thrown
Dupa urmatoarele expresii folosirea gerunziului este obligatorie: Do you mind ...
> [du iu: maind]
- Imi permiteti sa... ; Sunteti atat de amabil sa...
I don't mind ...
> [ai dount maind]
- Nu-mipasa... ;Numa deranjeaza
I can't help...
> [ai ka:nt help]
- Nu pot sa nu... ; Nu rna pot abtine sa...
There is no ...
> [D'ca' iz nau]
- Nuse ...
This is like...
> [D'is
- Este la fel ca ~i ...
It's no good...
> [Its nau gud]
IS
laik]
- Este Tara sens... ; Nu are rost sa... ; Nu merita ...
Completati unnatoarele propozitii In limba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbelor: E~ti
atat de amabil sa conduci
ma~ina?
- Do you mind >driving the car?
Nu rna deranjeaza ca scriu aceasta scrisoare.
- I don't mind >writing this letter.
Nu rna pot abtine sa cumpar carti noi.
- I can't help >buying new books.
Nu se poate
~ti
- There is no >saying what he will do.
(spune) ce va face el.
Nu merita sa-i spunem.
- It's no good >telling him about it.
in Incheiere l'om discuta despre fraza conditionala de tipul II (II Conditional) sau condi{ionalul prezent. La modul condi{ional prezent, Indeplinirea condi{iei este posibild. Structura frazei condi{ionale de tipul 11 este: In propozi{ia principald l'erbul este campus din would ["ud] + infinitivul scurt all'erbului de conjugat (fcirii particula to); In propozi{ia subordonatii introdusd de conjunc{ia if, l'erbul este la timpul trecut simplu (Simple Past). If I had time I would come to you.
> [if ai hEd taim ai "ud kam tu iu:]
She would write a letter if she had a pen.
>
[~i: ~i:
"ud rait a leta' if hEd a pen]
9
- Daca a~ avea timp, la tine.
a~
veni
- Ea ar scrie 0 scrisoare daca ar avea un stilou.
II
Cuviintul would este forma de trecut (Simple Past) a verbului auxiliar will.
in propozi!ia condi!ionala de tipul II verbul a fi are 0
singura forma - were (I were, she were, he
were, it were): > l if ai Ute' iu: ai uud not rifiu:z IYem]
If I were you I would not refuse them.
- In locul tau nu i-a~ refuza.
Introduceti formele corespunzatoare ale verbelor in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Oaca ar costa mai putin,
a~
cumpara asta.
- Ifit >cost less I >would buy it.
Daca am avea bani, am cina Ia restaurant.
- If we >had money we >would have dinner at a restaurant.
In locul tau m-a~ lasa de [umat.
- Ifl >wereyou I >would give up smoking.
lata ultimul exercitiu al lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: Romania este in Europa.
> Romania is in Europe.
Acesta este eel mai inalt munte in America.
> This is the highest mountain in America.
Vrei sa
locuie~ti
in apropierea marii?
> 00 vou want to live near the sea'?
Acesta este eel mai mare uscat (de) pe Pamant. Sunt
0
Oaca
> This is the largest land on E3I1h.
multime de canale in Anglia.
I-a~
uri, nu
I-a~
> There are a lot of canals in England.
vizita.
> If I hated him I would not visit him.
Vreau sa continuu studiul.
> I want to continue leaming.
Cand vei termina cina, vom merge la lac.
> When you finish dinner we will go to the lake.
Prefer sa inot in rau.
> I prefer swimming in the river.
Cartile tale zac acum pe masa in camera.
> Your books are lying on the table in the room now.
Ce vrei sa spui?
> What do you mean?
Nu are rost sa cumperi mancaruri scumpe.
> It's no good buying expensive food.
E~ti
> 00 you mind watching this play?
atat de amabil sa te uiti la aceasta piesa?
In locul tau nu i-a~ vorbi despre asta.
> If I were you, I would not tell her about it.
Nu rna pot abtine sa nu rad.
> I cannot help laughing. 10
LECTIA 23 - PARTEA A DODA • lneepem leetia eu invatarea euvintelor noi. Imaginati-va ea sunteti intr-un ora~ foarte mare. Cititi euvintele eu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la tradueerea lor in limba romfma: city
>lsiti]
-
capital
>[kEpitl]
- capitala
inhabitant
> [inhEbitant]
- loeuitor, loeatar
one-way street
> [Uan Uei stri:t]
- strada cu sens unic
outskirts
> [autska:Tts]
- periferie (a unui
centre
> [scnta T]
- centru
slums
> [slamz]
- cartier sarac/saraeaeios
suburbs
> [saba:'bz]
- suburbie, periferie
department store
> l dipa:Ttmant sto: T]
- magazm
town hall
> [taun ho:l]
- primarie
zoo
>[zu:]
- grad ina zoologiea
thoroughfare
> [T'arafeaT]
- artera principala de cireulatie, strada principala
million
>[milian]
- milion
noise
> l noiz]
- zgomot, galagie
Repetati
acela~i
ora~
ora~)
euvinte Intr-o alta ordine:
suburbs
> [saba:'bz]
- suburbie, periferie
town hall
> [taun ho: I]
- primarie
zoo
> [zu:]
- gradina zoologica
outskirts
> [autska:Tts]
- periferie (a unui
capital
> [kEpitl]
- capital a
centre
> [sent,!']
- centru
nOIse
> [lloiz]
- zgomot, galagie
one-way street
> ["an Uei stri:t]
- strada cu sens unie
thoroughfare
> [TSarafeaT]
- artera principal a de eirculatie, strada principala
city
> [siti]
-ora~
slums
> [slamz]
- cartier sarae/saracacios
million
> [milian]
- milion
department store
> [dipa:Ttmant sto: T] - magazm
inhabitant
> [inhEbitant] 1I
- loeuitor, loeatar
ora~)
lata cuvintele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi-I cu atentie:
A:
Do you like living in London? It's a big city.
B:
Yes, there are nine million inhabitants here. London is the capital of England.
A:
Is your house in the centre?
B:
Oh, no. I live in the suburbs. My house is in a quiet one-way street.
A:
I live in the outskirts of a small town.
B:
Do you like it?
A:
No, I don't. I'here are slums near my street. And there is a thoroughfare next to my house. There is always a lot of noise.
B:
Are there any department stores in your town?
A:
No, we have only small shops near the town hall. But we have a big and beautiful zoo.
B:
We can go to London zoo now. It's only three streets from here.
Sa urrnarim fiecare propozitie separat. Cititi cu voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
Do you like living in London?
> [du iu: laik livin(gl in Iandn]
- Iti place sa traie~ti la Londra?
It's a big city.
> [its a big siti]
- Este un
Yes, there are nine million inhabitants here.
> [ies Dlea r a: r nain milian inhEbitants hia r]
- Da, sunt noua milioane de locuitori aici.
London is the capital of England.
> [landn iz DZa kEpitl ov in
- Londra este capitala Angliei.
Is your house in the centre?
> [iz io: r haus in DZa scnta r]
- Casa ta este in centru?
Oh, no. I live in the suburbs.
> [ou nou ai liv in Dla saba:'bz]
- Oh, nu. Locuiesc in suburbie.
My house is in a quiet one-way street.
> [mai haus iz in a kUaiat uan uei stri:t]
- Casa mea este intr-o strada lini~tita cu sens unic.
I live in the outskirts of a small town.
> [ai Iiv in Dli autska:rts ova smo:1 taun]
- Locuiesc la peri feria unui ora~ mic.
Do you like it?
> [du iu: laik it]
- Iti place acolo?
No, I don't.
> [nau ai daunt]
- Nu.
ora~
mare.
There are slums near my street. > [Olear a: r slamz nia:' mai stri:t] - Sunt cartiere saracacioase in apropierea strazii mele. And there is thoroughfare next my house.
> [End OZear iz a T'arafea' nekst tu mai haus]
- $i este 0 strada principala langa casa mea.
There is always a lot of nOIse.
> [Olear iz o:lueiz a lot ov
- Este intotdeauna mult zgomot.
noiz]
12
Are there any department stores in your town?
> la:' D'ea r eni dipa:rtmant sto:rz in io: r taun]
- Sunt magazine mari in ora~ul tau?
No, we have only small shops near the town hall.
> [nou "i: hEy aunli smo:l ~ops nia r DZa taun ho:l]
- Nu, avem doar magazine mici in apropierea primariei.
But we have a big and beautiful zoo.
> [bat "i: hEy a big End biu:tifM zu:]
- Dar avem 0 grad ina zoologica mare ~i minunata.
We can go to London zoo now.
> ["i: kEn gou tu landn zu: nau]
- Putem merge acum la gradina zoologica din Londra.
It's only three streets from here. > l its aunl i TSri: stri:ts from hia
r
]
-
Este doar la trei strazi departare de aici.
lata alte exercitii pentru cuvintele noi. Completati urmatoarele propozilii in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc: Sunt multe strazi cu sens unic aici?
- Are there many >one-way streets here?
Aceasta este cea mai importanta strada principala din acest ora~.
- This is the main >thoroughfare of this town.
Londra este un
ora~
- London is a large >city.
mare.
Faci des cumparaturi in acest magazin?
- Do you often do shopping in this >department store?
Este veche aceasta primarie?
- Is this >town hall old?
Bucure~tiul
- The >capital of Romania is Bucharest.
este capitala Romaniei.
- The >inhabitants like to go to the mountains msummer.
Locuitorilor Ie place sa mearga vara la munte.
"Children like going to the zoo" 13
Nu sunt cartiere saracacioase In acest ora~.
- There are no > sl ums in this town.
In suburbii sunt putine birouri.
- There are few offices in the >suburbs.
Copiilor Ie place sa mearga la grad ina zoologica.
- Children like going to the >zoo.
Gara este in centrul
ora~ului.
Nu vreau sa locuiesc la periferia
- The railway station is in the >centre of the city. ora~ului.
- I don't want to live in the> outskirts.
Ce este zgomotul acesta?
- What is that> noise?
Pentru a veri fica daca ati retinut cuvintele noi, traduceti-Ie In Iimba engleza: primarie
> town hall
- suburbie
> suburbs
periferie (a unui ora~)
> outskirts
-ora~
> city
gradina zoologica
> zoo
- capitala
> capital
artera principala
> thoroughfare
- locuitor, locatar
> inhabitant
centru
> centre
- magazin mixt
> department store
cartier sarac
> slums
- strada cu sens unic
> one-way street
zgomot
> noise
In lectiile anterioare ati Invatat pronumele who. in aceasta lectie yom Invata despre folosirea pronumelui what. Daca propozi!ia interogativa care incepe cu prol1umefe interogativ what se rejera fa subiect, atunci propozi!ia va avea structura obi!jnuita a propozifiei afirmative: What happened yesterday?
- Ce s-a Intamplat ieri?
What is behind this mountain?
- Ce este in spatele acestui munte?
What grows in your garden?
- Ce
cre~te
In gradina ta?
Dar daca what inseamna ce, ce fel de, cum, sau apare infr-un alt caz dedit nominativuf, atunci propoziria va avea sfructura propoziriei interogative: What colour is the sea?
- Ce culoare are marea?
What mountains do you like?
- Ce fel de munti Iti plac?
What did you see then?
- Ce ai vazut atunci?
Traduceti In limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: Ce scrii acum?
> What are you writing now?
Ce a lasat el?
> What did he leave?
Ce
traie~te
> What lives on the moon?
pe luna?
La ce ma~ina se refera el?
> What car does he mean? 14
lata acum diteva cuvinte noi: on foot
>lon fut]
- pe jos
crowded
>lkraudid]
- aglomerat
deserted
> [diza:'tid]
- parasit, pustiu, gal
. . ImpressIve
> [ imprcsiv]
- impresionant (care produce o impresie buna)
horrible
> [horibl]
- oribil, groaznic
industrial
> [ indastrial]
- industrial
Urmariti cum se folosesc aceste cuvinte in propozitii: I usually go to work on foot.
> [ai iu:juali gou tu "a:'k on fut]
- De obicei merg la lucru pe jos.
The streets are crowded all day. > [DLa stri:ts a:' kraudid 0:1 dei]
- Strazile sunt aglomerate toata ziua.
At night they are deserted.
> [Et nait D'ei a:' diza.:'tid]
- Noaptea ele sunt pustii.
There are impressive buildings in the capital.
> [D'ea' a:' impresiv bildinlg)z in D',1 kEpitl]
- In capitaHi sunt cladiri impresionante.
The slums are horrible.
> [DZa slamz a:' horibl]
- Cartierele sarace sunt oribile.
We live in an industrial town.
>[Ui: liv in an indastrial taun]
- Locuim intr-un industrial.
ora~
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Strazile
ora~ului
sunt deseori pustii.
- The streets of the city are often :>deserted.
Cand este vremea frumoasa merg intotdeauna pe jos.
- I always go >on foot when the weather IS DIce.
EI a vazut ieri un accident groaznic.
- He saw a >horrible accident yesterday.
Aceasta primarie este impresionanta.
- This town hall is >impressive.
Aceasta piata este intotdeauna aglomerata.
- This square is always >crowded.
Ora~eJe
- >/ ndustrial towns are not beautiful.
industriale nu sunt frumoase.
Sa verificam daca ati retinut cuvintele noi. Traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza: plin, aglomerat
> crowded
groaznic, oribil
> horrible
15
industrial
> industrial
parasit, pustiu
> dcscI1ed
impresionant
> impressive
peJos
> on foot
Pronumele what se folose.yte
~i
In propozi!ii exclamative care exprinui sentimente ~i emo!ii:
What a good film!
~
What a beautiful building!
- Ce clad ire frumoasa!
What a nice people!
- Ce oameni draguti!
What heat'
- Ce canicula!
Ce film bun!
inaintea substantivelor care au ~i forma de singular ~i de plural se folose~te articolul nehotarat a/an la singular, dar nu se pune articol inaintea acestor substantive daca ele sunt la plural. Tot a~a nu se pune articol inaintea substantivelor care au numai forma de singular.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in Iimba engleza: Ce pantaloni
frumo~i!
> What nice trousers!
Ce intrebare dificila!
> What a difficult question!
Ce vreme!
> What weather!
Ce
ma~ina
rapida!
> What a fast car!
Ce mere delicioase!
> What delicious apples!
lata acum un grup de verbe noi: to cross
> [tu kros]
- a traversa, a strabate, a trece dintr-o parte in alta
to depart
> [tu dipa:rt]
- a pleca, a pomi, a pleca din
to break
> [tu breik]
- a sparge, a sfiirama, a rupe, a frange
to draw
> [tu dro:]
- a desena, a trasa, a trage
to forbid
> [tu forbid]
- a opri, a interzice, a impiedica
to feed
> [tufi:d]
- a hrani (a alimenta)
to reach
> [tu ri:t~]
- a ajunge (pana) la, a atinge, a sosi (la) 16
Dintre aceste verbe cateva sunt neregulate. invatati formele lor:
forma a I1I-a
forma a II-a
forma I break
>[ breik]
broke
>[brouk]
broken
>[broukn]
draw
>[dro:]
drew
>[ dru:]
drawn
>[ dro:n]
feed
>[ lid]
fed
>[ fed]
fed
>[fed]
forbid
>[ forbid]
forbade
>[forbeid]
forbidden
>[forbidn]
lata cum se folosesc verbele noi in propozitii: They crossed the street.
> [ DZei krost DZa stri:t]
- Ei au traversat strada.
She has already departed.
>[~i:
- A plecat ea deja.
Has she reached her destination yet?
>[hEz
My son loves to draw ships.
> [mai san lavz tu dro:
Father forbade me to go there with him.
> [ fa: DZa f forbeid mi: tu gau DZeaf uiD z him]
- Tata mi-a interzis sa merg aco]o cu eI.
Have you fed the animals yet?
>[hEv iu: fed DZi Enimalz iet]
- Ai hranit deja animalele?
hEz o:lredi dipa:ftid] ha: f iet]
~i: ri:t~t
destinei~n
- Ea a ajuns deja la destinatie?
~ips]
- Fiului meu ii place sa deseneze vapoare.
Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului: Ea
~i-a
- She >broke her arm when she fell.
rupt bratul cand a cazut.
Traversati strada doar pe trecerea de/pentru pietoni! - >Cross the street only at a zebra crossing! Am hranit animalele dupa micul dejun.
- I >fed the animals after breakfast.
Ce ai desenat acolo?
- What have you ::odrawn there?
Ei au plecat la
~apte.
- They ::odeparted at seven.
Au ajuns la Londra?
- Have they >reached London?
Parintii mei imi interzic totuI.
- My parents >forbid me everything.
Verificati daca ati retinut verbele noi: a desena
>10 draw
- a inlerzice
>to forbid
a atinge
>to reach
- a traversa
>to cross
a sparge
>to break
- a pleca
>to depart
a hrani
>10 feed
17
Acum vom sintetiza materialul acestei lectii. Traduceti in limba engleza: Ei au continuat lucrul toata noaptea.
> They went on working all night.
Bicicleta acestui copil a fost furata.
> This child's bicycle has been stolen.
Te-ai lasat de fumat?
> Have you given up smoking?
Eu am trei pisici.
> I have got three cats.
EI prefera sa mearga pe jos.
> He prefers going on foot.
Ce strazi aglomerate!
> What crowded streets'
Acum nu are rost sa plecam.
> It's no good departing now.
Nu se
~tie
> There is no saying which regions we will visit.
ce regiuni vom vizita.
in gradinile zoologice hranirea animalelor este interzisa.
> In zoos feeding the animals is forbidden.
Nu m-am putut abtine sa nu zambesc cand I-am vazut dupa atatia ani.
> J could not help smiling when I saw him after many years.
EI
ura~te
sa locuiasca In acest ora;; industrial.
> He hates hving in this industrial (own.
Ce s-a intiimplat?
> What happened'?
Ce ai pierdut?
> What did you lose'!
E~ti
> Do you mind lending me money?
atat de amabil sa-mi imprumuti bani?
in incheiere iata exercitiul de pronuntie. Literele aflate in aceea~i coloana, scrise accentuat, desemneaza sunete identice: [ei]
[0:]
[E]
[a: ]
hate
draw
shallow
vast
break
source
flat
harbour
main
hall
hat
depart
way
call
cat
arm
lake
door
capital
task
18
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 23 , 23.1
Folosirea gerunziului este obligatorie: I.
2.
23.2
23.3
Dupa urmatoarele verbe: du~mani
to hate
- a uri, a
to go on
- a continua, a merge mai departe
to finish
- a sfiir~i, a termina
to prefer
- a prefera
to continue
- a continua
to give up
- a abandona, a se lasa de
Dupa umlatoarele expresii: Do you mind...
- Imi permiteti sa... ; Sunteti atat de amabil sa...
I don't mind ...
- Nu ma deranjeaza; Nu-mi pasa...
I can't help ...
- Nu pot sa nu... ; Nu ma pot ab\ine sa...
There is no ...
- Nu se poate
This is like...
- Este la fel ca ~i ...
It's no good ...
- Este fara sens... ; Nu are rost sa...
~ti
...
Verbul to have inseamna: a avea, a posed a ceva. Acest verb englezesc poate fi inlocuit cu constructia to have got: She has got many books.
Ea are muite cani.
Have you got anything for me?
Ai ceva pentru mine?
He hasn't got a car.
EI nu are
ma~ina.
Propozitia condi\ionala de tipul II - II Conditional 23.3.1
in propozitia conditionala de tipul II indeplinirea conditiei este posibila.
23.3.2
Propozi\ia subordonata introdusa de conjunqia if este la timpu] trecut simplu (Simple Past). iar in propozitia principala apare constructia would + verbul de conjugat la in finitiv scurt (fara particula to): If I had time, I would go to the cinema.
23.3.3
- Daca a~ avea timp la cinema.
In propozitia conditionala de tipul II folosim doar were (l were, she were, he were, it were): If I were you I would not refuse them.
0
a~
merge
singura forma a verbului a fi -
- In locul til.U nu i-a~ refuza.
19
2304. Pronumele what 2304.1.
Daca i"ntrebarea i"ncepe cu pronumele interogati v what ~i se refera la subiect, atunci propozitia va avea structura unei propozitii afirmative: What happened yesterday?
2304.2.
- Ce s-a i"ntiimplat ieri?
Daca what i"nseamna ce, ce fel, cum sau apare i"ntr-un alt caz decat nominativul, atunci i"ntrebarea va avea structura propoziriei interogative: What colour is the sea?
- Ce culoare are marea'?
2304.3. Pronumele what poate sa apara i"n propozirii exc1amative care exprima sentimente emotii: What a good film!
- Ce film bun!
What nice people!
- Ce oameni draguti!
~i
lnaintea substantivelor care au ~i forma de singular ~i de plural se folose~te articolul nehotariit a/an atunci cand sunt la singular, dar nu se pune articolla plural ~i i"naintea substantivelor care au numai fonna de singular.
20
11111111111111111111
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 23 A
B.
C.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana: I.
If I were you I would forbid him to go there.
2.
It's no good repairing it today.
3.
What a beautiful city!
4.
Have you got any news for me?
5.
She has given up watching TV late at night.
6.
What costs more than a million?
Tradllceti unnatoarele propozilii in limba engleza: I.
Vom merge sa cinam la restaurant ciind termin de citit.
2.
Ce ochelari
3.
Dacii a~ fi tiinar,
4.
Eu am multi prieteni.
5.
Ai avea ceva impotriva sa traversam pe jos aceasta vale?
6.
Preferam sa petrecem acasa sarbatorile.
Corectati
frumo~i!
gre~elile
a~
merge la mllnte.
din urmatoarele propozitii:
I.
I would do it if you would wait.
2.
What an impressive mountains!
3.
The boy went on run.
4.
What like you?
5.
Is it dangerous to cross the throughfare?
21
LECTIA 24 , Acum yom parasi viata la tara:
PARTEA INTAI
ora~ul ~i
yom merge la tara. lata cuvintele noi, legate de
village
> [vilidj]
- sat, comuna
farmer
> [fa:rma r ]
- ferrnier, taran
crop
> [krop]
- recolta
meadow
> [medau]
-
produce
> [prodiu:s]
- produs, produse agricole
field
> [fi:ld]
- camp, ogor
fertilizer
> [fii:rtilaiza r]
-
soil
> [soil]
- sol, pamant
rye
> [rai]
- secara
wheat
> [Ui :t]
- grau
flour
> [flaua r]
- faina
domestic
> [domestik]
- domestic
pa.ii~te,
campie
i'ngra~amant
(artificial)
Sa repetam cuvintele noi i'ntr-o alta ordine: farmer
> [fa:rma r]
- fennier, taran
fertilizer
> [fa:rtilaiza r]
-
village
> [viI idj]
- sat, comuna
produce
> [prodiu:s]
- produs, produse agricole
domestic
> [domestik]
- domestic
flour
> [flaua r]
- faina
meadow
> [medau]
-
wheat
> [Ui :t]
- grau
crop
> [krop]
- recolta
rye
> [rai]
- secara
soil
> [soil]
- sol, pamant
field
> [fi:ld]
- camp, ogor
i'ngra~amant
paji~te,
(artificial)
campie
I
~I
Illllllllllllll\11
IW.
II -B:I ~~
I-~ ' ~f ~'% W
22
I
Acum folosind completati propozitiile in Iimba engleza cuvintele noi: Nu am avut recolta buna de trei ani.
- We haven't had a good >crop for three years.
Ei locuiesc in acest sat.
- They live in this >vlllage.
Ogoarele din apropierea raului sunt bune
- The >fields near the river are good.
Secara cre~te repede?
- Does >rye grow fast?
Este roua pe campn.
- There is dew on the >l1leadows.
Toti fratii mei sunt fermJeri.
- All my brothers are >fallners.
Ingra~amantul devme dm ce in ce mal scump.
- >I"ertlhzer IS gettmg more and more expensIVe.
Este bun pamantul in aceasta regmne muntoasa?
- Is the >soI1 good in thIs mountainous region?
Produsele de casa sunt cele mai bune.
- >Dol1lestlc produce is the best.
Cilta raina trebuie sa cumparam?
- How much >flOUI must we buy?
Desigt1{ ati insu~it deja cuvintele noi. Traduceti in hmba engleza: paji~te
>meadow
- grflU
> \\ heat
camp,ogor
> field
- faina
> flour
sat, comuna
> vIllage
-
secara
> rye
- taran, fermier
>fannel
produs
> produce
- recolta
>CIOP
domestic
> domestic
- sol, pamant
>5011
ingra~amant
(artificial)
> fertlhzer
in propozitiile exclamative care expnnu] sentzmente se folose$te des pronumele how - cum, ce dragu!, cat de De obicel stii langii un adjectiv sau un verb: How good of you to viSIt me!
- Ce dragu! din partea ta ca rna vizitezi! (cat e~ti de bun ca rna vizitezi!)
How nice of them to help!
- Ce dragut din partea lor ca ne ajuta!
How noisy these chIldren are!
- Ce
galagio~i sunt ace~tI
copii!
Dupa constructlG how + adjectiv. inaintea substantivelor cu forma de singular $i plural aflate la singular, putem folosl articolul nehotarat a/an: How nice a man he IS!
- Ce om dragut este (el)!
How delicious an apple that was!
- Ce deliclOs a fost marul acela!
Incercati sa traduceti singuri in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitil: > How good of you to do It!
Ce dragut din partea ta ca faci asta! Ce saptamana buna a fost aceasta!
> How good a week that was' 24
Ce frurmoasa era casa aceea!
> How nice a house it was!
Ce minunate sunt aceste campii!
> How beatiful these meadows are!
Unneaza expresii
~i
cuvinte
engleze~ti
noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare:
in the country
> [in DZa kantriJ
- la tara
to make hay
> [tu mcik hei]
- a cosi/a usca ranul
abundant
>[aband,lnt]
- abundent,
favourable
> [feivarabl]
- favorabil
rural
>[ru:raJ]
- rural, de tara, rustic
holiday
>[holidei]
- zi de odihna, vacanta, concediu
imbel~ugat,
bogat
Yom folosi cuvintele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi cu atentie:
A:
Where did you spend your holiday?
B:
I was in the country.
A:
What did you do there?
B:
I made hay.
A:
What?
B:
Yes, my friend is a farmer. He had an abundant crop this summer so I went there to help him.
A:
And how did you like the rural life?
B:
Very much. The weather was favourable and the work was nice.
lar acum cititi separat aceste propozitii: Where did you spend your holiday?
>[Uea' did iu: spend io:' holidei]
- Unde ti-ai petrecut concediul?
I was in the country.
>[ ai Uo z in DZa kantri]
- Am fost la tara.
What did you do there? I made hay.
- Ce ai lacut acolo? > [ai meid hei]
What?
- Am cosit ran. - Ce?
Yes, my friend is a farmer.
>[ ies mai frend iz a fa'ma r]
- Da, prietenul meu este fermier.
He had an abundant crop this summer so I went there to help him.
> [hi: hEd an abandant krop DZis samar sau ai Uent DZea r tu help him]
- EI a avut 0 recolta bogata in aceasta vara, a~a ca am mers acolo ca sa-I ajut.
And how did you like the rural life?
>[End hau did iu: laik DZa ru:rallaifJ
- $i cum ti-a placut viata la tara?
Very much. The weather was favourable and the work was nice.
>[ veri mat~ DZa UcDZa r Uaz fcivarabl End DZa ua:rk Uaz nais]
- Foarte mult. Timpul a fost favorabil ~i munca a fost placuta.
25
In exercillUl urmator completali propoziliile in limba engleza cu cuvintele care Iipsesc: Azi este un vant favorabil.
- There is a > favourable wind today.
Aceste imprejurimi rurale sunt foarte Iinii?tite.
- These >rural surroundings are very quiet.
Mi-am petrecut concediul acasa.
- I spent my >hollday at home.
Trebuie sa cosim repede £anul.
- We must >make hay fast.
Aceasta recolta este mal bogata decat cea anterioara.
- This crop is more >abundant than the prevIOUS one.
_La lara nu este multa circulatie.
- There is not much traffic >in the country.
Acum incercati sa traduceli cuvintele urmatoare in Iimba engleza: rural, de lara
>nl1al
a cosi fanul
> to make hay
favorabil
> favourable
la lara
> In the country
abundent, bogat
> abundant
concediu, vacanla
> holiday
Sa ne reintoarcem la pronumele interogative.
Ari inviirat deja pronumefe interogativ ~i refativ which - care, pe care, ceo Construcria which of care din/dintre se fofose~te foarte des. Dacii acest pronume se referii fa subiect, atunci propozi!ia va avea structura propoziriei afirmative. WhIch of you knows where my keys are?
- Care dintre voi
Which of these employees works the best?
- Care dintre acei?ti angajali lucreaza cel mai bine?
Which of these dogs ran faster?
- Care dintre ace~ti caini a alergat mai repede?
~tie
unde sunt cheile mele?
Desigur atwICl cilild intrebarea nu se referii fa subiect, strllctura propoziriei este cea a propozir iei interogative· Which of them do you know?
- Pe care dintre ei il
Which of those cars have you bought?
- Dintre aceIe
Which of them have you recently met?
- Cu care dmtre el te-ai intalnit recent?
Which of these houses do you like the best?
- Care dintre aceste case iti place eel mai mult?
Which of these rivers is the longest?
- Care dintre aceste raun este eel mai lung?
Which of these books have you already read?
- Pe care dintre aceste carli ai citit-o deja?
26
cuno~ti?
ma~ini,
pe care ai cumparat-o?
RECAPITULARE 1.
2.
Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu) descrie
actiune, petrecuta in trecut:
They visited us last month.
- Ei ne-au vizitat luna. trecuta.
He wrecked his car yesterday.
- EI ~i-a distrus ieri ma~ina.
Pronumele personal la nominativ
~i
la acuzativ:
Nominativ:
Acuzativ:
I
me you him her it us you them
you he she it we you they
3.
0
Folosirea pronumelui relativ "that" in propozitia subordonata atributiva restrictiva: People that like to work are always busy.
- Oamenii carora Ie place sa lucreze, sunt intotdeauna ocupati.
" PARTEA "INTAl
LECTIA 25 ,
La inceput yom invata substantive noi, legate de viata la tara: barley
> [ba:Tli]
- orz
seed
> [si :d]
- samanta
agriculture
> [Egrika It~aT]
- agricultura
pasture
>
-
farmhand
> [fa:TmhEnd]
- muncitor agricol
plough
> [pIau]
- plug
furrow
> [farou]
- brazda
tractor
> [trEkE1T]
- tractor
com
> [ko:Tn]
- cereale,grane,grau,porumb
grain
> [grein]
- graunte, bob
bam
> [ba:Tn]
- hambar, ~opron, ~ura
cow
> [kau]
- vaca
Repetati acelea~i cuvinte limba romana:
[pa:st~i\1
~i
in alta ordine
~i
pa~une
fiti atenti la traducerea lor in
furrow
> [farou]
- brazda
cow
> [bu]
- vaca
seed
> [si:d]
- samanta
gram
> [grcin]
- graunte, bob
bam
> [ba:Tn]
- hambar, ~opron, ~ura
barley
> [ba:Tli]
- orz
com
> [ko:Tn]
- cereale, grane, gra~ porumb
plough
> [pIau]
- plug
farmhand
> [fa:TmhEnd]
- muncitor agricol
agriculture
> [ Egrikalt~aT]
- agricultura
pasture
> [ pa:st~,i1
-
tractor
> [trEktil T]
- tractor
2
pa~une
~
~i
Ulmariti cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare pronuntie: This farmer grows barley.
>1 fYI>, fa.'llla' grauz ba.'li]
Where will we buy seeds from? >r"clrlld
"I.
bal sl.dz from]
fiti atenti la
- Acest fermier cultiva orz. - De unde vom cumpara seminte?
Agriculture is important in this country.
>r Egi ika Itsa' iz lInpo :'tant 111 D/is bntri]
What are pastures used for?
>["ot a:'
The farmhands are ploughing.
>[D'a fa:'mhEndz a:' plauin ie, ]
- Muncitorii agricoli ara.
This plough will be repaired.
>rD/is piau "il bi' ripea'dl
- Acest plug va fi reparat.
A plough makes furrows in the soil.
>r a piau I1lclks farouz in D/a soill
- Plugul face brazde in pamant.
The farmers have paid for this tractor together.
>rD/a t~l:'ma'z hE\' pCld fo.' D/is trEkta' tageD'a'l
- Fermierii au platit impreuna acest tractor.
What kinds of com do you know?
>r"
- Ce fel de cereale
Many grains are eaten by the birds.
>r meni grcltlz a:' Un b
- Multe graunte sunt mancate de pasari.
We have a very large bam.
>r"i: hE\
- Avem un hambar foarte mare.
How many cows has that farmer got?
>rhau meni kaLlZ hEz DIEt fa:'l1la f got]
- Cite vaci are acest felmier?
pa:st~a'z
iu:zd fo:']
- Agricultura este importanta in aceasta tara. pa~unile?
- La ce se folosesc
cuno~ti?
Acum introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Vrem sa cumparam un plug modern.
- We want to by a modern :::plough.
Acest porumb este de pe acel ogor.
- This :::t:orn is from that field.
Brazdele trebuie sa fie suficient de largi.
- The :::fuITOWS must be wide enough.
Orzul este scump anul acesta?
- Is )barky expensive this year?
Grauntele sunt macinate pentru faina.
- The >6ra111s are ground into flour.
Acest muncitor agricol lucreaza de mult aici?
- Has this )fannhand worked here for a long time?
Ca~tiga
- Do people earn much in :::agriculture?
mult oamenii in agricultura?
Vacile sunt pe
pa~une.
- The :::t:ows are in the pasture.
Acest tractor este adesea defect.
- This :::tractor is often out of order.
Semintele se pun in brazde.
- The :::sceds are thrown into the >furrows
In septembrie hambarul nostru este plin.
- In September our :::ham is full.
3
lata acum un exercitiu de control. Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza: plug
> plough
vaca
> cow
brazda
>
orz
> barley
tractor
> tractor
muncitor agricol
> flnnhand
cereale
> corn
graunte, bob
> gram
pa~une
> pasture
samanta
> seed
hambar
> barn
agricultura
> agncultun;
flllTOW
In foeul verbuflli auxiliar must - trebuie, a fi obligat - care exprimii 0 obliga{ie, anumite eazuri se fofose~te eonstrlletia to have to.
0
neeesitate, In
Sa urmarim propozitiile: She has to drink less coffee.
> r ~l. hEz tu drll1(l'lk les kufl]
- Ea trebuie sa bea mai putina cafea.
Do you have to work today?
> rdu
- Trebuie sa lucrezi azi?
I won't have to go there tomorrow.
> ral "aunt hEv tu gau D'ea f tamurou]
Ill.
hEv tu"a:'k tade/]
- Nu va trebui sa merg acolo maine.
Nu uitati verbul auxiliar must poate fi folosit doar la timpul prezent. La timpul trecut ~i viitor in locul lui se folose~te constructia to have to.
Urmeaza un scurt exercitiu cu verbul to have to. Traduceti propozi!iile in limba engleza: leri a trebuit sa repar robinetul.
> 1 had to repair the tap yesterday.
Cand va trebui sa termini lucrul?
> When wlll you have to fi11lsh work?
Nu trebuie sa macinam grilu azi.
> We don"t have to grind wheat today.
Ea trebuie sa duccl vacile pc camp.
> She has to take the cows to the pasture.
Ce va trebui sa scriu maine?
> What Will I have to \\ lIte tomorrow'?
4
lata alte cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare
~i
memora!i intelesul lor in limba romana:
agricultural
> r Et,'rikalt~nrn I]
- agricol
fertile
> rfa:'tnil]
- fertil, rodnic
regularly
> [n:giula'li]
- (in mod)
healthy
> [helT'i]
- sanatos
except
>riksept]
- cu excep!ia, in afara de
possible
> rposibl]
- posibil
interesting
> rintrastin lgl ]
- interesant
regulat/obi~nuit
Acum vom exersa cuvintele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi propozitiile cu atentie:
A:
Do you like living in an agricultural region?
B:
Yes, I do. I think it is healthier to live in the country than in the city.
A:
But is the life here interesting?
B:
Yes, it is. There are many interesting things to do. We have everything here except cinemas.
A:
But isn't the work too hard?
B:
No, it isn't. I only have to fertilize the soil regularly because it is not fertile enough.
A:
Is it possible to grow all kinds of crops here?
B:
Certainly. I grow wheat, rye and barley.
lar acum sa urmarim fiecare propozi!ie separat. Fi!i atenti la pronun!ie: Do you like living in an agricultural region?
> rdu iu: lnik livlI1(g) in nn Egrikalt~arnl ri:djan]
- I!i place sa traie~ti intr-o regiune agricola?
Yes. I do.
> [ics ni du:]
- Da.
> rni T'il/g1k it iz helT'ia' tu liv - Cred ca este mai sanatos sa traie~ti I think it is healthier to live in O/a kantri O/En in Ola siti] la tara decat la or~. in the country than in the city. But is the life here interesting? > [bat iz Ola latfhia' intrastin(el]
- Dar este interesanta viala aici?
Yes, it is.
> [ics It iz]
- Da.
There are many interesting things to do.
> [O/ca' a:' lneni intrnstll1(gl T'in(g,z tu du:]
- Sunt multe lucruri interesante de Iacut.
We have everything here except cinemas.
> [IIi: hEv C\TIT'in lel hia' iksept ~inall1az]
- Avem de toate aici, cu excePlia cinematografului.
But isn't the work too hard?
> [hat iznt IYa lI a:'k tu: hn:'d]
- Dar nu este prea grea munca?
No, it isn't.
> [n
-Nu. 5
I only have to fertilize the soil regularly because it is not fertile enough.
> [ai aunh hEy tu ra.'tJla/z D/a soil rcgllda'Jj bikoz It IZ not ra·rtaillllaf]
- Trebuie doar sa fertilizez pamantul in mod regulat pentru ca nu este destuI de fertil.
Is it possible to grow all kinds of crops here?
> [iz it poslbl tu grau 0.1 kamuz
- Este posibil sa cultivi aici toate felurile de cereale?
Certainly.
> [sa:'tanlil
- Desigur.
I grow wheat, rye and barley.
> raJ grau
"jot
raJ End ba:rli]
- Eu cultiv grau, secara ~i orz.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza eu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Aceste vaci nu sunt sanatoase.
- These cows are not >healthy.
Mergem in mod regulat la meciul de fotbal.
- We >rcgularly go to a football match.
Este posibil sa vinzi aceste bilete?
- Is it > possible to sell these tickets?
Putem veni toti cu exceptia lui Mark.
- We can all come, >exccptMark.
Satul nostru se afla intr-o vale fertila.
- Our village lies in a > terti Ie valley.
Cltesc intotdeauna
~tirile
- I always read the >agncultural news in the newspaper.
agricole in ziar.
"These cows are not healthy."
Ati retinut cuvintele noi? lata un exercitiu de verificare. Traduceti in limba engleza: cu exceptia, in afara de
> except
ferti 1, rodnic
> fClidc
posibil
> possIble
agricol
> agricultural
sanatos
> healthy
in mod
> regularly
regulat/obi~nuit
interesant 6
Urmariti cu atentie urmatoarele propozitii ""1 like coffee" said John.
- "Imi place cafeaua" a spus John.
John said he liked coffee.
- John a spus ca ii place cafeaua.
"She is cooking dinner" said Peter,
- "Ea
Peter said she was cooking dinner.
- Peter a spus ca ea pregate~te cina.
pregate~te cina"
a spus Peter.
Ati observat deosebirile dintre timpurile verbelor folosite?
In ambele cazuri avem de-a face cu vorbirea illdirecfii, care se folose.!}te de obicei atunci ciind paraji-aziim spusele cuiva.
in cazul vorhirii indirecte, structura propozi!iei este urll1iitoarea: dacii verhul propozi!iei principale (de exemplu John said, Peter said) este la timpul trecut (Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect), atunci timpul verbului din propozi!ia secundara. se schimhii conform regulii de concordanta a timpurilor, care este urmiitoarea:
Simple Present
Simple Past
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
lata cateva exemple: He told me he grew all kinds of corn.
- EI mi-a spus ca el cultiva toate soiurile de grane.
Propozi!ia para!i-azatii a fost "1 grow all kinds of corn."
She said she was always late for work.
- Ea a spus ca intarzie intotdeauna de la lucru.
1 heard they were coming.
- Am auzit ca au venit.
in propozipa principalii, verhul se ajlii cel mai des la timpul trecut simplu (Simple Past).
In exercitiul urmator, introduceti forma corespunzatoare a verbului in propozitiile in limba engleza: El mi-a spus ca este obosit.
- He told me he >was tired.
Jane a spus ea scrie 0 scrisoare.
- Jane said she >was writing a letter.
Mama mi-a spus ca nu are bani.
- Mother said she >had no money.
Cine a spus ca nu Ie place sa lucreze?
- Who said they >didn' t I ike working?
rar acum sa invatam un grup de verbe noi: to sow
>rtusoul
- a semana, a insamanta
to store
> [tusto:'l
- a tine, a depozita
to harvest
> [tu ha:"'istl
- a recolta, a secera
7
pa~te,
to graze
> [tu grCIZ]
- a
to milk
> [tu mtlk]
- a mulge
to fail
> [tu feil]
- a nu
a duce la paseut
reu~i
(la, in), a cadea
Verbul to sow este neregulat. Retineti formele lui:
forma I
forma a II-a
forma a III-a
sow > [sou]
sowed > [soud]
sown > [soun]
lata verbele noi in propozitii. Cititi eu voce tare Have you sown the wheat yet? > [hEv
Ill.
~i
fHi atenti la pronuntie:
saun D/a !li:t Ict]
- Ai semanat deja graul?
They stored the crop in their barns.
> [D/ cl sto:'d D/a krop in DL c? ba:'nz]
- Au depozitat graul in hambarele lor.
We have harvested all our com.
> [!Ii: hEv ha.'vistid 0.1 aua' ko.'n]
- Am recoltat tot graul nostru.
The cows grazed in the pastures every summer.
> [D'a kauz grclZd In D/a pa:st~a'z evl'l sama']
- Vacile au pascut pe in fiecare vara.
You haven't milked the cows yet.
> [IU: hEvnt milkt DE a kauz ICt]
- Nu ai muls inca vacile.
The crop failed that year.
> [D/a klUp fctld D7Et iia'l
- Recolta a Yost slaba anul acela.
pa~une
Iar acum urmeaza un exercitiu cu verbele noi. Introduceti formele corespunzatoare ale verbelor in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Ai recoltat multa secara anul acesta?
- Have you >harvcstcd much rye this year?
Au muls vacile foarte regulat.
- They >milkcd the cows very regularly.
El nu a
reu~it
- He has >failcd to return in time.
sa se intoarca la tirnp.
Noi am sernanat orzul ieri.
- We >sowed the barley yesterday.
L-ai depozitat in harnbar?
- Have you >storcd it in a bam?
Vacile au pascut intotdeauna in apropierea riiului.
- The cows always >grazcd near the river.
Ca exercitiu, traduceti noile cuvinte in lirnba engleza: a pa~te
> to gtazc
a secera
> to harvcst
a rnulge
> to mtlk
8
a nu
reu~i
> to fail
a semana, a insamanta
>to sow
a tine, a depozita
> to store
In incheiere sa ne reintoarcem la timpul Prezentul Continuu.
Cu ajutoru! timpu!ui prezent continull se exprimii ~i atitudinea criticii (neriibdare, supiirare) fn !egiiturii Cll 0 activitate sau un eveniment. Comp!ementu! de timp utilizat fn acest caz este always Cll sensu! de (in)totdeauna, ve~nic, mereu: He is always forbidding me watching TV!
- EI imi interzice intotdeauna sa rna uit la televizor!
She is always smoking cigarettes!
- Ea fumeaza mereu!
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii: > They are always refusing me!
Ei rna refuza intotdeauna! EI
cite~te
> He is always reading newspapers!
mereu ziarele!
Ei vorbesc mereu despre cai!
> They are always talking about horses!
Tatal meu bea intotdeauna doar cafea!
> :'vly father is always drinking only coffee!
9
LECTIA 25 - PARTEA A DOUA , tn partea a doua sa ne mai imbogatim vocabularul legat de viata la tara, lata cuvintele noi: country lane
> [kantri kin]
- drum de tara
hedge
> [hcdj]
- gard viu
crow
> [krau]
- cioara
scarecrow
> [skea'krau]
- sperietoare (de ciori)
cattle
> [kEtl]
- vite, bovine
cattle farming
> [kEtl fa:'min(gJ]
- crescatorie de vite
arable farming
> [Eri\bl fa:'min igl ]
- cultivarea plantelor
mixed farming
> [mikst fa:'min igl ]
- cultivare mixta; ferma mixta
rat
> [rEt]
-
rodent
> [raudcnt]
- rozatoare
dairy
> [deari]
- laptarie, fabrica de prelucrare a laptelui
dairy produce
> [deill'i prodiu:s]
- produse lactate
Exersati acelea~i cuvinte, dar in alta ordine pronuntia ~i sensullor in limba romana:
~obolan
~i
incercati sa va
insu~iti
arable farming
> [Erilhl fa:'min igl ]
- cultivarea plantelor
dairy
> [de,lri]
- Iaptarie, fabrica de prelucrare a laptelui
crow
> [ krim]
- cioara
country lane
> [kantri kin]
- drum de tara
rodent
> [raudcnt]
- rozatoare
dairy produce
> [deilri prodiu:s]
- produse lactate
rat
> [rEt]
-
hedge
> [hcdj]
- gard viu
cattle
> [kEtl]
- vite, bovine
mixed farming
> [mikst fa:'min igJ ]
- cultivare mixta; ferma mixHi
scarecrow
> [skea'krilu]
- sperietoare (de ciori)
cattle farming
> [kEtl fa:'min(CI]
- crescatorie de vite
10
~obolan
Acum
exersa~i
cuvintele noi in propozitii:
A country lane is a road through fields.
> [a kantn kin iz a raud
T'ru: fi.ldz1
- Drumul de ~ara trece printre ogoare. - Acolo sunt garduri vii.
There are hedges there. There are many crows in the fields.
> I D"ca r a: r meni krallz in
What is a scarecrow for?
> [lint iz a skea'krall f,):r1
- Sunt multe ciori pe camp.
Dla fi'ldzl - La ce
serve~te 0
sperietoare?
- Vitele pasco
The cattle are grazing. Is there much cattle farming in Romania?
> [iz IYca r maT~ kEtl fa:'min1t'1 in ru.mellli~ll
- Sunt multe crescatorii de vite in Romania?
Arable farming is more important.
> [Erabl fa:'min(g) iz mo: r impu:'tant1
- Cultivarea plantelor este mai importanta.
We are in mixed farming.
> ["i: a:'
- Noi cultivam de toate.
A rat is bigger than a mouse.
> [a rEt iz biga' D"En a malls1
- Un ~obolan este mai mare decat un ~oarece.
Do rodents eat com?
> I du Hllldents I·t ko:'n J
- Rozatoarele mananca cereale?
We take the milk to the dairy regularly.
> ["i: teik D'a milk tll D7 a dean rcgiularl i1
- Ducem laptele in mod regulat la Hiptarie.
Butter and cheese are dairy produce.
> [hata r End prodlll:S 1
- Untul ~i branza sunt produse lactate.
III
mikst fa:'mlll(gJ1
t~i:z
a:' deari
Substantivul cattle este un substantiv colectiv, de aceea verbul aflat langa el se afla intotdeauna la plural.
Introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Ce culoare are cioara?
- What colour is a >crow?
In satul nostru se afla 0 lapUirie.
- There is a >dalry in our village.
Se afla multe ferme mixte in aceasta regiune.
- There is a lot of>mixcd fanning in this region.
Iti plac produsele lactate?
- Do you like >dairy produce?
Ne plimbam pe un drum de tara.
- We were walking in a >collntry lane.
Lui nu-i place sa cultive plante.
- He doesn't like >arahk farming.
11
>hcdgc~
are not very high.
Gardurile vii nu sunt foarte Inalte.
- The
Nu are rost sa folosim
- It's no use having a >scarccrow.
~tii
0
sperietoare (de ciori).
- Do you know what >rodents are?
ce sunt rozatoarele?
Ne-am vandut anul treeut vitele.
- We sold our >cattlc last year.
Este imposibil sa cre~tem vite aici.
- >Cattlc fanning is not possible here.
Am prins un
~obolan.
- I have caught a >rat
{lr,() ~
.
"It's no use having a scarecrow".
V-ali Insu~it deja eu siguranpi cuvintele noi. Pentru verificare, traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte In limba engleza: rozatoare
> rodent
cioara
> crow
drum de tara
> country Jane
laptarie
> dairy
ferma mixta
> mixed fannmg
~obolan
> rat
vite
> cattle
produse lactate
> daIry produce
sperietoare (de ciori)
> scarecrow
gard viu
> hedge
cultivarea de plante
> arabic farming
crescatorie de vite
> c,lttlc farmlllg 12
Acum vom inviita pronumele reflexiv. Formele sale sunt: 1
myself
> rmaiseltl
you
yourself
> [io:rselfj
he
himself
> [himself]
she
herself
> [ha: rseltl
it
itself
> ritseltl
we
ourselves
>[auarselvzl
you
yourselves
>[ io:rselvzl
they
themselves
> [D'emselvz]
Urmariti folosirea acestor forme In propozitii: He hurt himself.
>[hi: ha:rt himselfl
- S-a ranit (ellnsu~i).
They offered themselves for this job.
>rD/ el ot~l'd D/emselvz fo: r D/is dJob 1
- S-au oferit (ei1n~i~i) pentru aceasta munca.
1 can't see myself in this IDlrror.
>[al ka:nt si: maiselfin D/is mirarl
- Nu rna pot vedea In aceasta oglinda.
Look at yourself!
> [Iuk Et io:rseltl
-
Prive~te-te!
Traduceti propozitiile In limba engleza: Mi-am cumparat 0
ma~ina.
>T have bought a car for myself.
Ea ~i-a calcat 0 bluza.
>She ironed a blouse for herself.
M-am ranit.
>1 have hurt myself.
Aceasta nu-i va rani pe ei, ci pe tine Insuti!
>This will not hurt them. but yourself'
Iatii-ne din nou la vorbirea indirectii ~i la concordanta timpurilor. Regulile de concordantii ale timpurilor in cazul trecutului simplu ~i al prezentului perfect sunt:
Simple Past
Past Perfect
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
De exemplu: Mary told me "1 was there three years ago".
- John said he had never seen a scarecrow.
John said "1 have never seen a scarecrow".
- Mary told me she had been there three years before.
Retinep.: In vorbirea indirecta, tn locul adverbului ago se adverbul before! 13
folose~te
Cu ajutorul celor invatate, folositi fonna corespunzatoare a verbelor in unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Peter a spus ca nu a vazut acel film.
- Peter said he > hadn't watc hed that film.
Am auzit ieri ca ei nu s-au intors inca.
- I heard yesterday they >hadn't rctumedyet.
John a spus ca nu I-a cunoscut pe omul acela.
- John said he > hadn't known that man.
Mary a citlt ca administratia acestei fabrici nu a concediat muncitorii.
- Mary read that the management ofthis factory > hadn't fired the labourers.
Sa mai invatam cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie eu voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntia lor: fire~te
of course
> ray ko:fs]
- bineinteles, desigur,
along
> [alon(gl]
- de-a lungul, in lungul
hannful
> rha:fmfal]
- daunator, rau
wet
> ["etl
- ud, umed, ploios
dry
> [drail
- uscat
profitable
> [protitabl]
- profitabil, rentabil
Iar acum sa exersam cuvintele noi in propozitii. Incercati sa Ie traduceti: Of course it is true.
>
[0\
There are hedges along the road.
>
[D'e~lf
Is smoking hannful?
>
[IZ
Don't store com in a wet place.
> rdaunt sto· f ko fn plels]
This month has been very dry.
> rD'lsmanT'hEzbi:n veri drai]
Is agriculture profitable?
>
- Bineinteles
ko:fsitiztrll.]
a: f hedjlz alon(") D/a raud] smaukin(g) ha mfall f
111
a "et
[IZ Egrikalt~af profitabll
ca este adevarat.
- De-a lungul drumului sunt garduri vii. - Fumatul este daunator? - Nu depozita graul intr-un loc umed! - Luna aeeasta a fost foarte uscata. - Agricultura este profitabila?
Introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Strazile nu sunt inca uscate. Ce
cre~te
- The streets are not> dry yet.
bine de-a lungul drumurilor?
- What grows well >alongthe roads?
Ce este mai rentabil, cultivarea plantelor sau cre~terea vitelor?
- Which is more >profitablc, arable fanning or cattle fanning?
Rozatoarele sunt foarte daunatoare.
- Rodents are very > h,mn fu I.
Care este cea mai umeda luna a anului?
- Which is the >wettest month of the year?
Bineinteles ca el poate conduce
0 ma~ina.
- > Of COUI se he can drive a car.
14
Verificati-va
cuno~tinte1e.
Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:
uscat
> dry
bineinteles, desigur
> of coursc
de-a lungul, in lungul
> along
profitabil, avantajos
> profitable
daunator
> harmful
umed, ploios
> wct
lata acum verbe noi: to scare
> [tu skca']
- a speria, a ingrozi, a inspaimanta
to shear
> [tll ~la'l
- a tunde
to plant
> [tu pla:nt]
- a planta, a sarli
to dry
> [tu drilll
- a usca
to yield
> [tu li:ldl
- a produce, a da, a rezulta, a ceda
to set
> [t\1 sct]
- a pune, a a~eza, a situa
to cover
> [tu kava']
- a acoperi, a inveli
Doua dintre verbe sunt neregulate. Invatati formele lor:
formal [~i[l'l
shear
>
set
> [sct]
forma a II-a
forma a III-a
sheared > [~ia'dl
shom >
> [sct]
set
set
[~o:'n]
> [sdj
lata verbele noi in propozitii. Nu uitati nici de exersarea pronuntiei: Have I scared you?
> [hE\' a; skca'd iu:l
We sheared the sheep in March.
> lUi:
The com dried for many weeks.
> [Dla ko:'n dr'lld to:' meni "i:ksl
How much has the crop yielded?
> [hau
We asked him to do it, but he didn't want to yield.
> lUi: askt bim tu du: it hat
She set the flowers in water.
>
The thunderstorm scared us.
> [D/a T'an(b'~to:'m skca'd as I
- Furtuna (cu trasnete) ne-a speriat.
Cover the breadl
> [kava' 1Ya brcll1
- Acopera painea!
~ia'd
IYa
~i:p
- Te-am speriat? - Noi am tuns oile in martie.
in ma:'t~l
mat~
hEz D/a krop
- Graul s-a uscat timp de mai multe saptamani. - Cat a fost recolta de grau?
li.ldid] hi: didnt Uont tu iI: Id]
- Noi I-am rugat sa faca asta, dar el nu a cedat.
[~i:
- Ea a pus florile in apa.
sct IYa tlaua'z in "u:ta']
15
lar acum introduceti fonna corespunzatoare a verbului in unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Ei au tuns oile Intr-o zi insorita.
- They >shcarcd the sheep on a sunny day.
Noi am pus ieri cartofii.
- We >plantcd the potatoes yesterday.
Sperietoarea nu sperie pasarile.
- The scarecrow doesn't >scarc the birds.
Cerealele s-au uscat bine.
- The com >dricd well.
Trebuie sa pui asta langa fereastra.
- You must >sct it next to the window.
El a uitat sa acopere mancarea.
- He forgot about >covcnng the food.
Verificati-va
cuno~tintele.
Traduceti unnatoarele verbe in limba engleza:
asperia
> to scarc
a planta, a sadi
> to plant
a tunde
> to shcar
a usca
> to drv
a produce, a rezulta, a da
> to yield
a pune, a a~eza
> to sct
a acoperi, a inveli
> to covcr
In vorbirea indirectii, verbul auxiliar will,folosit laformarea timpului viitor simplu (Simple Future) are forma de trecut - would:
She said "1 will not go there".
- She said she would not go there.
John said "1 will have dinner at seven".
- John said he would have dinner at seven.
Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: > Petcr SaId he would bc thcre
Peter a spus ca va fi acolo. Mama a spus ca vom sadi In pamantul acela.
> :'v1othcr smd wc would plant tomatocs in that field.
ro~iile
lata ultimu1 exercitiu al lectiei, in care vom recapitula intregul material. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Maine va trebui sa semanam graul.
> Tomol1"ow wc wil] havc to sow wheat.
Tata a spus ca este sanatos.
> father said hc was hcalthy.
Ai muls deja toate vacile?
> Havc you milked all the eows yct'?
Ea pastreaza intotdeauna ziarele vechi!
> She is always storing old nc\\spapers!
El a spus ca rozatoarele au mancat toata secara.
> Hc said rodcnts had eatcn all thc rye.
Prive~te-te!l
> Look at yourself'
Uita-te la tine! 16
~
El a spus ea a vazut-o acum doua saptamani.
> He said he had seen her two weeks before.
Maine vom seeera.
> \Ve are haryesting tomOlTOw.
Unde vom depozita orzul?
> Where will we store the barley?
Ei vorbesc mereu despre
ma~inile
> They arc always talking about their fast cars.
lor rapide.
Graul nu poate fi arat Inca.
> The com cannot be harvested yet.
Doar pamanturile fertile vor da 0 recolta mare.
> Only the feliile fields will yield !TIuch.
Vitele pase pe
> The cattle graze in the pastures.
pa~une.
In hambarul nostru sunt ~obolani.
> There are rats in our ham.
Rozatoarele mananca graunte de cereale.
> Rodents cat grains of corn.
Imi place sa rna plimb de-a lungul drumurilor de tara.
> I like walking along the country lanes.
Este Taptarie In satul vostru?
> Is there a dairy in your village?
Bineinteles ca am tuns deja oile.
> Of eourse we have shorn the sheep already.
In Incheiere urmeaza exercitiul de pronuntie. Literele aflate in aceea~i coloana ~i notate cu caractere accentuate desemneaza un sunet identic. Cititi cu voce tare cuvintele ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie: r0:1
rEl
raul
raul
raul
shorn
rat
plough
farmer
rodent
com
cattle
cow
barley
crow
worn
cash
now
bam
sow
forty
fat
brown
car
show
caught
flat
mouth
father
blow
17
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 25 , 25.1. Verbul auxiliar modal must - care exprima necesitatea, obligatia - poate fi inlocuit cu verbul to have to. Verbul to have to nu este un verb auxiliar modal: She has to drink less coffee.
- Ea trebuie sa bea mai putina cafea.
Verbul auxiliar must are doar forma de prezent. La timpurile trecut folose~te verbul to have to.
~i
viitor in locul lui se
25.2. Vorbirea indirecUi 25.2.1.
Vorbirea indirecta este folosita pentru a parafraza spusele cuiva.
25.2.2.
Daca verbul propozitiei principale este La timpul trecut (Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect) atunci verbul propozitiei secundare se schimba conform regulii de concordanta a timpurilor, care este urmatoarea: Simple Present
~
Simple Past
Present Continuous
~
Past Continuous
Simple Past
~
Past Perfect
Present Perfect
~
Past Perfect
will
~
would
Forma verbului la timpul Past Perfect ramane neschimbata.
25.2.3.
John said he liked coffee.
- John a spus ca ii place cafeaua.
Peter said she was cooking dinner.
- Peter a spus ca ea a gate~te cina.
John said he had never seen a scarecrow.
- John a spus ca nu a vazut niciodata o sperietoare.
Mary told me she had been there three years before.
- Mary mi-a spus ca a fost acolo in urma cu trei ani.
In vorbirea indirecta in locul adverbului ago se folose~te adverbul before.
25.3. Timpul Prezent Continuu Cu ajutorul timpului Present Continuous putem exprima ~i atitudinea critica (nerabdare, nervozitate, suparare) in legatura eu 0 activitate sau un eveniment. Complementul de timp eel mai des utilizat in acest caz este always, care aici are semnificatia de intotdeauna, mereu. He is always forbidding me watching TV!
- Imi interzice intotdeauna sa rna uit la televizor!
18
25.4. Pronumele reflexiv Formele sale sunt: Pronumele personal
Pronumele reflexiv
~
myself
> [ma/self]
you
~
yourself
> [w:'seltl
he
~
himself
> [hnl1self]
she
~
herself
> [ha:'seltl
it
~
itself
> [itseltl
we
~
ourselves
> [a lla rsel \'z]
you
~
yourselves
> I io:rsel\'z]
they
~
themselves
> r IYcmsel\'z]
He hurt himself.
- El s-a ranit.
They offered themselves for this job.
- Ei jn~i~i s-au oferit pentru aceasta munca.
19
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 25 A
B.
c.
Traduce~i
unnatoarele propozitii in limba romana:
I.
She said they had harvested all the barley.
2.
Why are you always storing these useless things?
3.
Peter will have to milk all the cows in the pasture.
4.
Will you buy yourself a new car now?
5.
Who said my wife was ugly?
6.
Mary said she had sown the seeds two hours before.
Traduee~i
unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I.
Ace~ti
2.
£1 a spus ea nu i-a placut sa mearga pe jos pe aeest drum de tara.
3.
Trebuie sa faeem
4.
John a spus ca
5.
Iti voi spune ceva despre mine insumi.
6.
Tata mi-a spus ca vom planta tlori in gradina.
Gasiti
~i
I.
John said he likes dairy produce.
2.
Why are they always drive old cars?
3.
They have just bought a new house for themselfs.
4.
Next month I will must shear the sheep.
5.
I think it is possible to fertile this soil.
eopii groaznici ne sperie intotdeauna animalele!
eorectati
0
sperietoare de ciori.
cre~terea vitelor
gre~elile
nu a fost rentabila in unna eu doi ani.
din propozitiile unnatoare:
20
" PARTEA "INTAI
LECTIA 26 ,
ineepem leetia ell un grup de substantive noi. Cititi-le eu voce tare ~i retineti intelesul lor in Iimba romana: frost
> [frost]
- ger, inghet
rainbow
> [reinbou]
- cureubeu
thunder
> [T'andi{]
- tunet
heat-wave
> [hi:t lI c iv]
- val de caldura
hailstone
> [heilstaun]
- grindina
distance
> [distans]
- distanta, departare
shelter
> r~eltijr]
- adapost, refugiu
ditch
> rdit~]
-
twilight
> rtllailait]
- amurg, crepuscul
sunset
> [sansct]
- apus de soare
dawn
> [do:n]
- zori
lightning
> [laitnin(!!)]
- fulger
Acum repetati
acelea~i
~ant,
canal ..
cuvinte, dar in alta ordine:
hailstone
> [heilstaun]
- grindina
distance
> [disUms]
- distanta, departare
frost
> [frost]
- ger, inghet
lightning
> rlaitnin(~I]
- fulger
ditch
> rdit~]
-
shelter
>
- adapost, refugiu
thunder
> [T'anda1
- tunet
rainbow
> [reinbou]
- eureubeu
heat-wave
> [hi:t lI eiv]
- val de caldura
dawn
>[do:n]
- zori
sunset
> [sansct]
- apus de soare
twilight
> [t'lail ait]
- amurg, crepuscul
21
[~eltar]
~ant,
canal
lata cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozitii. Repetati propozitiile cu voce tare pronuntie: There hasn't been frost yet.
> [IYea' hEznt bm frost iet]
The ditches are frozen.
~i
fiti atenti la
- Nu a fost inca inghet. -
~anturile
au inghetat.
How many colours has a rainbow?
> [hau meni kala'z hEz a rClIlbou]
- Cite culori are un curcubeu?
Thunder scares many people.
> [T'anda' skca'z meni pi:pl]
- Tunetul sperie multi oameni.
We saw the village in the distance.
> lUi: so: D'ii vilidJ in DLa distans]
- Noi am vazut satul in departare.
They found no shelter.
> [D/ei hlUnd nau
He continued ploughing in the twilight.
> [hi. kantinlU:d plauII1(g) III D/a t"arlalt]
Can we work after sunset?
> [kEn
The heat-wave started in June.
> [D/a hI. t "el\' sta:'tid 111 dJu 'n]
The hailstones were very big.
> [DL a hedstaunz "a '\ en bIg] - Grindina a fost foarte mare.
Farmers start working at dawn.
> [farma'z sta:'t Etdo:n]
"I'
~elta'l
"a 'k a. fta' sanset]
"a"kIl1(~1
- Nu au gasit adapost. - £1 a continuat sa are in amurg.
- Putem sa lucram dupa asfintit? - Valul de caldura a inceput in iunie.
- Fermierii incep sa lucreze in zori. - Ai vazut fulgerul?
Did you see the lightning?
In continuare sa exersam cuvintele noi. Introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: A fost putin inghet iama aceea.
- There was little> tj'ost that winter.
Tunetul a speriat copiii.
- The >thunder scared the children.
Unele apusuri de soare sunt minunate.
- Some >sunscts are beautiful.
Noi am gasit un adapost pe timpul furtunii.
- We found a >shelter during the thunder-storm.
Imi plac zorile.
- I like the >dawn.
Ce animale traiesc in canale?
- What animals live in the >ditches?
Noi nu am vazut fulgerul.
- We didn't see the >lightning.
Valurile de caldura nu sunt dese.
- >Heat-wa\'cs don't often happen.
Curcubeul apare adesea dupa ploile torentiale.
- There is often a >rainbow after a shower.
Ce distanta este intre cele doua sate?
- What is the >distancc between the two villages?
Nu ne-am inHilnit cu nimeni in amurg.
- We met nobody in the >twtlight.
22
Desigm ati retinut deja corespondentul romanesc al urmatoarelor cuvinte in limba engleza: val de caldura
> Ilcat-wave
apus de soare, asfintit
> sunset
zon
> dawn
cmcubeu
> r2inbow
inghet
> fi'ost
tunet
> thunder
grindina
> hailstone
amurg
> twilight
fulger
> lightning
distanta
> distance
~ant,
> ditch
canal
adapost
> shelter
Pronumele de tipul myself, themselves pierd caracterul reflexiv, dadi le folosim pentru accentuarea altor suhstantive sau adverhe, devenind pronume de intarire. De exemplu:
I myself have given it to you.
- Eu insumi ti I-am dat.
You have done it yomself.
- Tu insuti ai facut-o.
We shall plough the fields ourselves.
- Noi
He has heard it from the doctor himself.
- EI a auzit asta chiar de la doctor.
in~ine
ne vom ara pamantmile.
Dupa cum ati putut ohserva, In aceste cazuri prol1l11nele poate sa stea la mJjlocul sau la propozi{iei, lara a-~'i pierde caractentl de Intarire:
You yomself have done it.
You have done it yomself.
sail:
"Have you done it yourself?" 23
sfar,~itul
lata un grup de cuvinte noi: mild
- bland, blajin, moderat
> [matldl
raw
- crud, nefiert, aspru
piercing
- patrunzator, ascutit
cool
> [ku·ll
- racoros
gloomy
> [glu:JnJ]
- intunecos, sumbru
unsettled
> [ansctald]
- variabil, schimbator
endless
> [cndlis]
-
nesIar~it,
interminabil, lara SIar~it
lar acum cititi acest scurt text referitor la starea vremii: It is a gloomy day today. A piercing wind is blowing and there is raw frost. Yesterday the wind was cool but it was mild. The weather is always unsettled in this region and it often rains. Sometimes the rain is endless.
Sa urmarim fiecare propozitie separat. Fiti atenti la traducerea lor: It is a gloomy day today.
> [It 17 a glu.mi de! tadc!]
A piercing wind is blowing and there is raw frost.
> [a plarsin,gl "lnd i7 blau\I1(gj - Sufla un vant patrunzator End Olear 17 roo frost] ~i este un frig aspru.
Yesterday the wind was cool but it was mild.
> [Icstarc.lu O/a l1\11d 11 07 ku 1 bat it 11 07 matld]
- leri vantul a fost racoros, dar vremea a fost blanda.
The weather is always unsettled in this region and it often rains.
> [O/a lI eo/ a r iz o.lllei7 ansetald in O/is ri:djan End it ufn relllz]
- Vremea este mereu schimbatoare in aceasta regiune ~i ploua des.
- Azi vremea este intunecata.
Sometimes the rain is endless. > [samtallnz 0 / 5 relll iz end lis] - Uneori ploua rara sIar~it.
Pentru a exersa cuvintele noi, completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: In luna martie vremea a fost mai blanda decat in luna maio
- March was >mtlder than May.
Este un om sumbru.
- He is a >gloomy man.
Nu-mi place acest frig patrunzator.
- I don't like this >picrcmg cold.
In aceasta tara vremea este de obicei schimbatoare.
- In this country the weather is usually >unsettlcd.
Noi a trebuit sa lucram in vantul acela aspru.
- We had to work in the >raw wind.
Lucram mai bine atunci cand este racoare.
- We can work better when it is >cool.
Pentru unii oameni 0 saptamana poate fi interminabila.
- To some people a week can be >endlcss.
24
~
Ati retinut deja cuvintele noi? Traduceti-le in limba engleza: crud, aspru
> raw
nesIar~it
> endless
schimbator
> unsettled
racoros
> cool
intunecat, sumbru
> gloomy
moderat
>mild
patrunzator, ascutit
> piercing
lata un exemplu de folosire a timpului trecut simplu (Simple Past): Forma de trenlt a verbului sefoloseite pentru a exprima ipotezele. dorill{ele, In propozi{iile secundare cerute de unniitoarele cuvinte ii expresii:
it is time
>[itiztaim]
- este timpul
I wish
>[ai"i~l
-
if
> [itl
- daca, presupunand
if only
> [ifaunli]
- cat de bine ar fi, a~ dori mult (aceasta expresie de multe ori nu se traduce in limba roman a)
suppose
> rsapauz]
- sa presupunem
fancy
> [fEnsi]
-
a-~i
imagina,
a-~i
inchipui
Imagme
> [imEdjin]
-
a-~i
imagina,
a-~i
Inchipui
it would be better if
> rit "ud hi: beta' itl
- ar fi mai bine daea...
a~
dori ... , a~ vrea (sa fie ...)
ca...
lata aceste expresii In propozitii: It is time you went home.
- Este timpul sa pleei acasa.
I wish I were rich.
-
It would be better if we didn't leave early.
-Ar fi mai bine daea nu am pleca devreme.
If only there wcre cnough timc!
- Cat de bine ar fi sa avem timp suficient!
Suppose he came today.
- Sa presupunem ea ar vcni astazi.
Imaginc you had a lot of money.
- Imagineaza-ti ea ai avca
Fancy if the man you saw were yom father!
- Inchipuic~te-ti ca omul pc care l-ai vazut ar fi tatal tau!
A~
dori sa fiu bogat.
0
multime dc bani.
In accste propozitii secundarc se folosc~te doar 0 singura forma a verbului to be, forma de trceut were.
25
Acum sa exersam folosirea timpului trecut simplu. Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: A~
vrea sa ~tiu ce sa fac.
Este timpul sa-ti scrie
0
- I wish I >knew what to do. - It is time he :::wrote a letter to you.
scrisoare.
lnchipuie~te-ti ca aceasta casa ar fi a mea.
- Fancy ifthis house :::were mine.
De-ar conduce mai repede!
- If only he >drove faster!
Sa presupunem ca ne oprim aici.
- Suppose we >stopped here.
Imagineaza-ti ca John ar fi un bun conducator auto.
- Imagine if John >were a good driver.
Ar fi mai bine daca ei nu ~i-aI' lua caine.
- It would be better if they >didn't buy a dog.
Speram ca ati reu~it sa rezolvati exercitiul anterior. Sa invatam cateva verbe noi: to shiver
> [tu ~iva']
- a tremura, a diirdiii (de frig)
to rumble
>[turambl]
- a bubui
to seem
>[tLlsi:ml
- a parea, a da impresia
to die
> [tu d'll]
- amuri
to damage
> [tLl dEmidJl
- a dcteriora, a strica, a distruge
to suffer
> [tu ,.,afa']
- a suferi
Forma de gerunziu - gerund - a verbului to die este dying.
Acum urmariti folosirea verbelor 111 propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare: We shivered with cold. The thunder was rumbling in the distance.
- Noi am tremurat de frig. > rD/a T'anda' "0Z ramblill(gl in D1a distans]
The ploughing seemed endless. > [Ola plautn lg ) si:md endlis]
Who died?
- Parea ca nu se mai termina aratul. - Cine a murit?
> [hu: da/d]
The hailstones have damaged > r lYa hetlstoullZ hEy delmdjd IYa krop] the crop. The cattle are suffering from heat.
- Tunetul a bubuit In departare.
> [D/a kEti a:' safa'lI1(c) from hi:t]
26
- Grindina a distrus recolta.
- Vitele sufera de caldura.
Iar acum e n'indul dumneavoastra. Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu formele corespunzatoare ale verbelor: Cine ne-a stricat
ma~ina
- Who >damaged our car last night?
noaptea trecuta?
Pana acum parea a fi nefolositor.
- It has >seem~duseless so far.
Noi am tremurat in frigul patrunzator.
- We >shlvcrl"d in the piercing cold.
Ei au suferit prea multa vreme deja.
- They have> suffered too long already.
Ea a murit intr-un accident.
- She >dicdin an accident.
Desigur dupa acest exercitiu
~titi
deja pe de rost verbele noi. Traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza:
a parea, ada impresia
> to seem
a suferi
> to suffer
a tremura, a diirdiii
> to shiver
amurl
> to die
a deteriora, a strica
> to damage
a bubui
> to rumble
Iar acum ne yom ocupa din nou de pronumele re1ativ. $tim deja cii pronumele that poate introduce propozi!ia secundarii relativii restrictivii. In cazul propozi!iilor secundare restrictive, In loclll pronumelui which se folose~te In mod obligatoriu acest prolll/me. In mlilte cazuri Insii, pronllmele that poate fi omis, ca de exemplu In lIrmiitoarele cazllri: I.
DlIpii superlativ: It is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
- Este eel mai bun film pe care I-am vazut.
He bought the cheapest bicycle (that) they showed him.
- El a cumparat cea mai ieftina bicicleta pe care i-au aratat-o.
These are the highest wages (that) they pay.
- Acestea sunt ce1e mai ridicate salarii pe care Ie pIatesc.
This is the fastest plane (that) I have ever seen. - Acesta este cel mai rapid avion pe care I-am V3zut vreodata. 2.
Dupii lIrmiitoarele cuvinte
el1gleze,~ti:
everything
anything
something
few
little
much
nothing
DlIpii all:
Everything (that) you see is his.
- Tot ceea ce vezi, este allui.
This is something (that) I don't understand.
- Acesta este ceva ce nu inteleg.
Is there anything (that) I have forgotten?
- Este ceva ce am uitat?
There is little (that) I can do for you.
- Este putin ceea ce pot face pentru tine.
All (that) we have bought is in the kitchen.
- Tot ceea ce am cumparat este in bucatarie.
27
3.
Dupa adjectivele any $i only: Is there any information (that) you can give me?
- Este vreo informatie pe care mi-o poti da?
This is the only news (that) I have heard.
- Este singura ~tire pe care am auzit-o.
Pentru a exersa cele Invatate anterior, tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Este raul eel mai lat pe care I-am vazut vreodata.
> This
Nu au nimic care ar merita acei bani.
> They have nothing that
Este ceva ce ar trebui sa ~tiu?
> Is there anything (that) I must know?
Ai vreo carte pe care
a~
putea sa
0
iau?
IS
the widest nver (that) I have ever seen. IS
worth the money.
> Have you any books (that) J can take'?
In ultimul exercitiu de traducere allectiei ne yom referi la temele tratate anterior. Traduceti propozitiile In limba engleza: Ellnsu~i vrea
sa 0 faca.
> He \\ants to do it himself
Voi face tot ce este neeesar.
> I will do everythl1lg that IS necessary.
Este timpul sa lucrezi mai din greu.
> It
Vreau sa seman orz.
> I want to sow barley.
Singurullueru (care a fost) deteriorat a fost bieicleta mea.
> The only thl1lg that was damaged
De n-ar fi vremea aHit de sumbra!
> If only the weather welTn't so gloomy!
Ei
in~i~i
IS
tnne you wOlked a little harder.
was my bicycle.
au vazut grindina!
> They ha\ e seen hailstones themselves!
A fost eel mai lung val de ealdura pc care I-am avut vreodata.
> ThiS was the longest heat-wave (that)
Va fi racoare la noapte.
> It will be cool tonight.
A~
vrea sa nu tremur atat!
>
A~
vrea ca vremea sa nu fie sehimbatoare.
> I wIsh the weather were not unsettled.
we have e\'er had.
Nu a fost mult ce am putut vedea In amurg.
T wish T dIdn't
sh1\'er so'
> There was not much that we could sec 111 the twilight.
lata exercitiuI de pronuntie. Literele scrise accentuat aflate In aceea~i coloana, desemneaza un sunet identic:
ra1 heat
suffer
shiver
seem
rumble
rain
ditch
seed
cut
lane
milk
feed
but
grain
fish
28
LECTIA 26 - PARTEA A DOVA , Exersa!i accentul ~i intonatia in urmatorul dialog. Cititi propozi!iile cu voce tare pronuntia cuvintelor ~i a silabelor scrise accentuat:
~i
fiti atenti la
Barbara, I just read in the newspaper that to people who live in the country and earn their money in agriculture, the weather is much more important than to those who live in a town or city. Barbara: That's right, favourable weather is necessary for a good crop. John: But sometimes it is too dry and at other times it is too wet. Barbara: There has to be enough sun, too. Yes, but if it is too dry for too long, the crop will not grow fast enough. John: Barbara: But we know that farmers are not easily satisfied. John:
Mary: Peter: Mary: Peter:
Peter, did you listen to what Barbara and John have just said? Yes, I did. The weather is something to talk about every day and everywhere. When people meet, they like to talk about the weather. They are glad when they can sit in the sun for example.
Barbara: Sometimes the weather can give us beautiful things. A lightning can be very impressive, but it also scares some people. Tom: Barbara: Is there anybody who doesn't enjoy looking at a rainbow? And what about a beautiful sunset? Even a thunderstorm or a shower can be beautiful. Tom: Barbara: The best thing is to be satisfied with the weather, for there is nothing that we can change about it.
In incheiere urmeaza un exercitiu de traducere in care am sintetizat cele invatate pana acum. Traduceti propozitiile in limba englcza: Nu poate fi adevarat ee spui.
> What you say cannot be true.
Maine pleeam la Madrid.
> \"lYe are leaving for Madrid tomOITOw.
Ei
in~i~i
El
vorbc~te
aee~ti
eartofi.
mereu despre
m~ina
au plantat
> They planted these potatoes themselves.
lui rapida.
> He is always talking about his fast car.
Aeesta este eeva ce nu am vazut niciodata pana acum. Cine
cite~te
> This is something that I have never seen
before.
cfu1;i, va inva!a multo
> Who reads books will \cam much.
El ma duce acasa cu ma~ina diseara.
> He is driving me home tonight.
De s-ar schimba vremea!
> If only the weather changed!
Ei s-au oferit (singuri) sa reeolteze secara.
> They offered themselves to harvest the rye.
Cand vrci sa tunzi oile?
> Whcn do yOll want to shear the sheep')
Am vazut eu insumi asta.
> I have seen it myself.
29
Este singurul grfm pe care I-au depozitat deja.
> TIm; IS the only eOIll that has been stored already.
Este cea mai bHinda vreme pe care noi am avut-o de mult timp.
> This IS the mildest weather that we have had for a long tllne.
Rozatoarele mananca multe eereale.
> Rodents cat a lot of corn.
Oamenii de la tara sunt eei mai
sanato~i?
> Arc eountly people the healthiest ones')
Animalele eele mai da~atoare pe care Ie cunoa~tem sunt ~obolanii.
> The most hannful animals that we know
Cre~terea
> is cattle farming still profitable?
arc rats.
vitelor este Inca rentabila?
Vitele sufera de frigul aspru.
> The cattle arc suffcrIng from the raw cold.
Aceasta pa~une este prea umeda.
> This pasture is too wet.
Este eeva ee a fost deteriorat de grindma?
> ]s there anything that has been damaged by hailstones')
De ee sunt garduri vii de-a lungul drumurilor de tara?
> Why arc there hedges along the country lane?
Multi oameni batdini au murit In timpul valului de ealdura.
> Many old people died during the heat-wave.
Au fost tunse deja oile?
> Have the sheep been shorn yet?
Aeesta este eeva ee nu pare a fi posibil.
> This is something that doesn't seem to be pOSSIble.
Acest camp nu a dat nimic ee poate fi vandut.
> This field has yielded nothlllg that can be sold.
Noi am auzit bubuitul tunetului In departare.
> We heard the thunder rumbhng in the distance.
Ei au continuat sa recolteze In amurg.
> They \\ ent on harvestll1g in the twilight
"This is something that I have never seen before." 30
~
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 26 , 26.1. Pronumele de tipul myself, themselves Ie putem folosi ~i pentru accentuarea altor substantive. In aceste cazuri Ie numim pronume de intarire ~i accentul cade pe prima silaba a cuvantului.
r myself have given it to you.
- Eu insumi ti-am dat asta.
In acest caz, pronumele sta la mijlocul sau la sIar~itul propozitiei, rara a-~i pierde caracterul de intarire. You yourself have done it. You have done it yourself. 26.2. Forma de trecut a verbului se folose~te pentru a exprima ipoteze, dorinte, in ace Ie propozitii secundare cerute de urmatoarele cuvinte $i expresii; it is timc
- este timpul
I wish
- a$ dori ..., a~ vrea sa fie .
if
- daca, presupunand ca .
if only
- exprima 0 dorinta puternica de exemplu: "de-ar fi ..." de multe ori nu se traduce in Iimba romana.
suppose
- presupunand
fancy
-
a-~i
imagina,
a-~i
inchipui
imagine
-
a-~i
imagina,
a-~i
inchipui
it would be better if
- ar fi mai bine daca
Aceste propozitii secundare se refera intotdeauna la prezent sau viitor, de exemplu; It is time you went home.
- Este timpul sa pleci acasa.
r wish I were rich.
-
A~
vrea sa fiu bogat.
In accstc propozitii secundare se folose~te doar forma de trecut were a verbului to be. 26.3. Pronumele relativ that se poate omite in unnatoarelc situatii;
I. Dupa superlativ; It is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
- Este eel mai bun film pe care I-am vazut.
He bought the cheapest bicycle (that) they showed him.
- EI a cumparat cca mai ieftina-bicicl;ta pe care i-au aratat-o.
2. Dupa urmatoarele cuvinte
engleze~ti:
everything
anything
something
few Dupa all.
little
much
3. Dupa adjectivele any
~i
nothing
only:
Is there any information (that) you can give me?
- Estc vreo informatie pe care mi-o poti da? 31
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 26 A
B.
C.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba romana: l.
They built their house themselves.
2.
If only my daughter were more beautiful!
3.
It would be better if they didn't damage our fridge.
4.
I have never seen anything more exciting.
5.
They are the only people I like.
6.
Can you tell me why they are digging ditches?
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza: de~tepti!
I.
De-ar fi copiii mei mai
2.
Imagineaza-ti ca ai gasit un portmoneu cu bani.
3.
Crezi ca
4.
Este tot ce pot face pentru tine.
5.
Este timpul sa pleci la lucru!
6.
Nu-mi place frigul patrunzator
Corectati
ellnsu~i
gre~elile
a deteriorat acest lucru?
~i
vantul aspru.
din urmatoarele propozitii:
I.
I wish I am younger.
2.
The thunder rumblled in the distance.
3.
We will see the sunset ourselfs.
4.
This gloomy weather is endles.
5.
Their flower is dieing.
32
Lista verbelor neregulate din lectiile 25 ~i 26
forma I set
>
shear > sow
>
forma a II-a
r~ct]
set
r~ia'] r,ou]
forma a III-a
rset]
set
>
rset]
sheared>
rsia'd]
shorn
>
I~o:'nl
>
rsOlid]
sown
>
rsoun ]
sowed
>
33
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 25 SI , , 26 agricultural
>
rEgrikalt~aral]
- agricol
agriculture
>
rEgnkalt~ar]
- agricultura
along
> [alon(l"l
- de-a lungul, in lungul
arable fanning
> [Erabl fa,rmin(gl]
- cultivarea plantelor
barley
> [ba:rlil
- orz
barn
> [ba:rn]
- hambar,
cattle
> [kEtl]
- vite, bovine
cattle fanning
> [kEtl fa:Imin(gl]
-
cool
> r ku:1]
- racoros
corn
> rko:rnl
- grane, cereale, grau, porumb
country lane
> rkantri kin]
- drum de tara
to cover
> I tu kava I]
- a acoperi, a inveli
cow
> [kau]
- vaca
crow
> [haul
- cioara
dairy
> [Jeari]
- Hiptarie, fabrica de prelucrare a laptelui
dairy produce
> [Jean prodlU:s]
- produse lactate
to damage
> [tu dEmidl]
- a deteriora, a strica, a distruge
dawn
> [Jo:n]
- zori, aurora
to die
> [tu dal]
- a muri, a deceda
distance
> [ Jistans]
- distanta, departare
ditch
> [dit:;;]
-
dry
> [drail
- uscat
to dry
> [tu dral]
- a usca
endless
> rendlis]
-
except
> [Iksept]
- cu exceptia, in afara de
tu fail
> [tu tl:tll
- a nu
to fancy
> [tu tEnsl]
-
farmhand
> [fa:rmhEnd]
- muncitor agricol
fertile
> [fa:rtatl]
- fertil, rodnic
frost
> [n'ostl
- ger, inghet
furrow
> [faroul
- brazda 34
~ura, ~opron
cre~terea
~ant,
canal
nesrar~it,
a-~i
vitelor
interminabil
reu~i,
a cadea
imagina,
a-~i
inchipui
gloomy
> [glu:mi]
- intunecos, sumbru
grain
> [grem]
- graunte, bob
to graze
> [tu grciz]
- a
hailstone
> [hl'ilstaun]
- grindina
harmful
> [ha:'mfal]
- daunator, rau
to harvest
> [tu ha:'vist]
- a recolta, a strange, a secera
to have
> [tu hEy tu]
- a trebui
to healthy
> [hl'IT'i]
- sanatos
heat-wave
> [Ili:t Uciv]
- val de caldura
hedge
> [hcdj]
- gard viu
herself
> [ha:'selfj
- ea insa~i, chiar ea
himself
> [himseltl
- el insu~i, chiar el
if only
> [ifaunli]
- cat de mult ... , de-ar ...
to imagine
> [tu imEdjin]
-
interesting
> [intrastin(g)]
- interesant
itself
> [itselfj
- el
it is time
> [it iz taim]
- este timpul
it would be better if
> [it "ud bl: beta' if]
- ar fi mai bine daca
I wish
> [ai "i~]
-
lightning
>
mild
> [maild]
- bland, blajin, moderat
to milk
> [tu milk]
- a mulge
mixed fanning
> [mikst fa:rmin(g)]
- cultivare mixta
myself
> [maiselfj
- insumi, insami, chiar eu
of course
> [av ko:rs]
- bineinteles, desigur,
oneself
> [" anse lfj
-
insu~i, insa~i
ourselves
> [auarselvz]
-
in~ine
pasture
> [pa'st<;;il']
-
pa~une
piercing
> [pia'sin(vl]
- patrunzator, ascu!it
to plant
> [tu pla:nt]
- a planta, a sadi
plough
> [piau]
- plug
possible
> [posibl]
- posibil, cu putinta
[laitnin(~I]
pa~te,
a-~i
a~
a duce la pascut
inchipui,
a-~i
imagina
'insu~i
dori,
a~
vrea sa fie
- fulger
35
fire~te
profitable
> [profitabl]
- profitabil, rentabil
rainbow
> [rel11b(lul
- curcubeu
rat
> [I Ell
-
raw
> [ro:l
- crud, nefiert, neprelucrat, aspru
regularly
> [rcglUla'lll
- in mod
rodent
> [rIludentl
- rozator
to rumble
> [nu rambll
- a bubui
to scare
> [tu skea'l
- a speria
scarecrow
> [skea'kraul
- sperietoare (de ciori)
to seem
> [tu sun1
- a parea, a da impresia
seed
> [si ,dl
- samanta
to set
> [tu set]
- a pune, a
to shear
> [tu sia']
- a tunde
shelter
>
to shiver
> [tu siva'l
- a tremura, a dardai (de frig)
to sow
> [tu soul
- a semana, a insamanta
to store
> [tu sto :'1
- a tine/a depozita
to suffer (from)
> [tu safarl
- a suferi de
sunset
> [sansetl
- apus de soare, asfintit
to suppose
> [tu sa[Juuzl
- a presupune,
themselves
> [D/emsel\'71
-
thunder
> [randa'l
- tunet
twilight
> [tUail alt1
- amurg, crepuscul
tractor
> [trEktarl
- tractor
unsettled
> [ansetaldl
- variabil, schimbator
wet
> ["etl
- ud, umed, ploios, de ploaie
to yield
> [tu li,lll]
- I. a produce, a da, a rezulta; 2. a ceda
yourself
>
[~elta'l
~obolan
regulat/obi~nuit
4 a~eza,
a situa
- adapost, refugiu
rIO 'self]
in~i~i,
a-~i
inchipui
insele, chiar ei/ele
- tu insuti sau insati, dumneavoastra in~iva
yourselves
..,
> [10 'schzl
- voi, sau dumneavoastra
36
in~iva
•
~
RECAPITULARE 1.
Propozitia conditionala de tipul I se refera la viitor
Propozitia conditionala de tipul II se refera la prezent, iar indeplinirea conditiei este putin probabila sau imposibila: If I were you I would not buy it.
3.
indeplinirea conditiei este posibila:
- Daca voi avea bani, voi cumpara" o cama~a noua.
If I have money I will buy a new shirt.
2.
~i
- In locul tau nu l-a~ cumpara.
Verbul auxiliar modal "must" - exprima necesitatea, obligatia. Must poate fi inlocuit cu "to have to" - care nu este un verb auxiliar modal. She has to write the leter.
- Ea trebuie sa scrie scrisoarea.
Verbul auxiliar modal "modal" are doar 0 forma de prezent. La trecut locullui verbul "to have to".
4.
~i
viitor se folose~te in
Pronumele relativ "that" se poate omite in urmatoarele situatii: a) Dupa un superlativ: It is the best film (that) I have seen.
- Este eel mai bun film pe care I-am vazut.
b) Dupa urmatoarele cuvinte: everything
anything
something
few
little
much
c) Dupa adjectivele "any"
~i
"only":
Is there any information (that) you can give me?
- Poti sa-mi dai vreo informatie?
nothing
,..
LECTIA 27 ,
,..
PARTEA INTAI
Aceasta lectie este consacrata problemelor legislative. Cititi cu voce tare subsantivele noi ~i retineti traducerea lor in limba romana: law
> [10:]
- lege
crime
> [krahn]
- infractiune, crima
criminal
> [kriminl]
- criminal
fine
> [fain]
- amenda, penalizare
pickpocket
> [pikpokitJ
- hot de buzunare
burglar
> [bit: 'glafJ
- spargator
burglary
> [bit: fglariJ
- spargere (furt)
thief, thieves
> [Pi:fl [Pi:vzJ
- hot, hoti
theft
> [Tsei1J
-furt
robbery
> [robariJ
- jaf, furt
shoplifter
>
- hot de magazine
prisoner
> [prizanafJ
- prizonier, detinut
police
> [pali:sJ
- politie
Exersati cuvintele noi
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
shoplifter
>
[~opliftafJ
thief, thieves
> [T'i:fI[Tsi:vzJ
- hot, hoti
law
> [lo:J
- lege
fine
>
- amenda, penalizare
pickpocket
> [pikpokit]
- hot de buzunare
robbery
> [robari]
- jaf, furt
prisoner
> [prizanaf]
- prizonier, detinut
police
> [pali:s]
- politie
crime
> [kraim]
- infractiune, crima
theft
> [Tseft]
-furt
burglary
> [bit:fgJari]
- spargere (furt)
criminal
> [kriminl]
- criminal
burglar
> [bit:fglafJ
- spargator
2
[~oplift~lf]
[f~lin]
..,
- hot de magazine ~
Cuvantul police este un substantiv colectiv, precedat intotdeauna de articolul hotarat the, iar verbul este la plural.
lata cuvintele noi i'n propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare
~i
urmariti traducerea lor i'n limba romana:
The law forbids some things.
> [DZa 10: forbidz sam T'm(glz] - Legea interzice unele lucruri.
Killing a person is a crime.
> [kiJ m(gl
A criminal does things that
are forbidden.
> [a krimml daz T'm(glz rYEt a." forbidn]
- Criminalul face lucruri care sunt interzise.
You must pay the fine.
>
- Trebuie sa
Pickpockets want to steal your purse.
> [pik]1oklts "ont III stl:l in.' ]1a.'s]
- Hotii de buzunare vor sa-ti fure portmoneul.
A burglar enters your house to steal things.
> l a ba" gla' cnta'z tll SIll T'l1l f ,d z ]
- Spargatorul intra i'n casa ta sa fure lucruri.
There are many burglaries every day.
> [D'ea' a r melll bit:' glanz
A thief steals.
> [a l'dstl'lz]
- Hotul fura.
There are more and more robberies.
> [IYea' a r mo.' End InO ' robm IZ)
- Sunt din ce i'n ce mai multe jafuri.
Theft is stealing other people's things.
> [T'eti
- Furtul inseamna sustragerea lucrurilor altor persoane.
[Ill.
e\'rI
a
pa:'sl1
IZ
a
kralln]
mast pel DZa fam
lOr
haus
del]
IZ sti:lm(gJ aD'ij' pi plz T'm(glz]
- A omori' 0 persoana este 0 crima.
pHite~ti
- Sunt multe spargeri zilnic.
"Shoplifters take things out of shops without paying for them." 3
amenda.
l~oplIfta'z
Shoplifters take things out of shops without paying for them.
>
telk T'm(glz aut av sops U IDZaut pelln(gl fa r D'em]
A prisoner has escaped.
> [a prizana' hEz Iskel pI]
- Hotii de magazine scot (sustrag) lucruri din magazine rara sa plateasca pentru ele. - Un prizonier a scapat.
Completati unnatoarele propozitii cu cuvintele care lipsesc: - Many> cnmmals are not in prison.
Multi criminali nu sunt in inchisoare. Hotii pot fi
periculo~i.
- > ThIeves can be dangerous.
Furtul de ma~ini este 0 infractiune serioasa?
- Is car >thefta serious >cnme?
Hotii de buzunare trebuie sa fie foarte rapizi.
- > PIckpockets have to be very fast.
Spargatorul
~i-a
- The> burglar broke a leg in our house.
rupt piciorul in casa noastra.
leri a avut loc un jaf in apropierea oficiului po~tal.
- There was a > robbery near the post-office yesterday.
Cand a avut loc spargerea aceea?
- When was that> burglary?
Detinutii au stat mult timp in inchisoare.
- The >pnsoners spent a long time in prison.
Politia cauta doi oameni.
- > The polIce are looking for two people.
Aceasta este impotriva legii?
- Is this against the > law?
A trebuit sa platim 0 amenda.
- We had to pay a >fine.
Hotul de magazine a fost prins in timp ce parasea magazinul.
- The >shopllfterwas caught when he was leaving the shop.
Ati remarcat desigur prepozitia against, care inseamna "impotriva, (in) contra." Probabil ati retinut deja cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza:
.
amenda, penalizare
> fine
prizonier, detinut
> pnsoner
hot de magazine
> shoplifter
criminal
> cnmmal
spargere
> burglary
politie
> pollee
jaf
> robbery
spargator
> burglar
lege
> law
hot
> thIef
hot de buzunare
> pickpocket
infractiune, erima
>cnme 4
Vii prezentiim acum cel de-al trei/ea tip de propozitie conditionalii. in acest tip de propozitie condltia nu este realizabi/ii. Verbul din subordonata conditionalii este la timpul Past Perfect, iar in propozitia principalii verbul este la conditionalul trecut, care are urmatoarea structura:would +
have + forma a III-a a verbului de conjugat. lata diteva exemple: If the burglar hadn't been caught, we would
- Daca spargatorul nu ar fi fost prins,
have lost a lot of money.
pierdeam bani multi.
I would have had time to read it if you had told me yesterday.
-
A~
fi avut timp sa 0 citesc, daca imi spuneai ieri.
Pe baza exemplelor de mai sus, traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: - If he >hadn't stolen this book
El nu ar fi ajuns la inchisoare,
then he >would not have gone to prison.
daca nu ar fi furat aceasta carte. Daca noi coseam f'anul mai devreme, I-am fi viindut.
- Ifwe >had made hay earlier we >would have sold it.
A~
- I >would have gone to the cinema with you
fi mers cu tine ieri la cinematograf,
daca a~ fi avut timp.
yesterday if I >had had time. - He >would have told me about it earlier ifhe >had known
Mi-ar fi vorbit despre acellucru, daca ar fi
~tiut
mai devreme.
Ce ai fi facut daca
- What >would you have done if
te concediau atunci?
they >had fired you then?
Verbele would ~i could sunt verbe modale. Structura propozitiei interogative in care apar ~i aceste verbe este: could/would + subiect + verbul de conjugat, de exemplu:
Could you leave yesterday?
- Ai putut pleca ieri?
What would you do if you were rich?
- Ce ai face daca ai fi bogat?
Forma negativii a acestor verbe sunt:
could not -forma prescurtatii couldn't [kudnt] would not -forma prescurtatii wouldn't [Uudnt]
They couldn't see us there.
- Nu puteau sa ne vada acolo.
My mother wouldn't spend this much
- Mama mea nu ar nu ar cheltui atiit,
if she hadn't money.
daca nu ar avea bani. 5
lata cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la traducerea lor in limba romana:
innocent
> [inasant]
inocent, nevinovat
guilty
> [giltl]
vinovat
obviously
> [obviaslI]
(in mod) evident
outrageous
> [autre/dps]
imoral, revoltator
brutal
> [bru:tl]
brutal, crud
lata cuvintele noi intr-un scurt dialog. Cititi cu atentie dialogul:
A:
Do you think this man is guilty?
B:
He can't be innocent. He obviously stole the cash from the bank.
A:
Yes, that was outrageous. I heard that he had been very brutal.
B:
I hope he will go to prison for a long time.
Traduceti propozitiile din text in limba romana: Do you think this man is guilty?
> [L1u /u: f'inlg1k LYis mEn
He can't be innocent.
> [hI. ka:nt bi: inasant]
He obviously stole the cash from the bank.
> [hI. ob\ las II stau! IYa from D/a bEn(g)k]
Yes, that was outrageous.
>
I heard that he had been very brutal.
> [ai ha:'d D7Et hi· hEd bl.n veri bru:tl]
- Am auzit ca a fost foarte brutal.
I hope he will go to prison for a long time.
> [ai haup hI: lid gau tu prizn fo:' a ]on(gl tann]
- Sper ca va ajunge la inchisoare pentru multa vreme.
lZ giltl]
[ICS
- Crezi ca acest om este vinovat? - Nu poate fi nevinovat.
kE~
DIEt "az autreidjas]
- Evident, el a furat banii din banca. - A fost intr-adevar, revoltator.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc: Ai auzit vreodata despre aceasta crima revoltatoare?
- Have you ever heard of this > outrageous crime?
Este posibil ca ea este vinovata?
- Is it possible that she is > guilt)?
Barbatul parea sa fie nevinovat.
- The man seemed to be > mnoccnt
Evident, ei au auzit
~tirile.
- They have> obVIOusly heard the news. - Don't be so > brutll
Nu fii atat de brutal!
6
~
Sa exersam inca
0
data cuvintele noi. Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:
nevinovat
> JOnocent
brutal
> brutal
(in mod) evident
> obvIOusly
revoltator
> outrageous
Sd urmiirim in contilluare cum se face trecerea din vorbirea directii in vorbire indirectii, in cazul propozifiilor interogative. lata mai intiii, ciiteva exemple: John asked "Are you at home?".
- John asked if I were at home.
Peter asked "When were you in England?".
- Peter asked when I had been in England.
Afi observat desigur, cd ordinea in propozifia indirectd interogatiVii este identicd cu cea din propozifia ajirmativd. De fapt, este vorba despre 0 propozifie ajirmativd $i nu de una interogativii. 111 cazul intrebiirii decizionale (da/nu), propozifia secundarii care urmeazii dupii propozifia principalii este introdusii prin prepozifia if. In cazul propozifiei interogative complementare pronumele interogativ riimane neschimbat. Nu uitafi timpul verbelor se schimbii!
Acum, treceti propozitiile interogative de la vorbirea directa la vorbirea indirecta: Mary asked "Where is he going?".
> Mary asked where he \\ as g01I1g.
Peter asked "Did they meet her?".
> Peter asked Ir they had met her.
Jane asked "Who has taught her how to swim?".
> Jane asked who had taught her how to sWIm.
John asked "Does he like music?".
> John clsked Ifhe liked musIc.
in exercitiul urmator, traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Peter a intrebat daca legea interzice acellucru.
> Peter asked if the law forbade It.
Mary a intrebat ciind I-a prins politia pe hot.
> Mary asked when the police had caught
John a intrebat daca hotii de buzunare sunt infractori.
> John asked if pickpockets were cnllllnals.
Jane a intrebat unde vrem sa mergem.
> .lane asked where we wanted to go.
Peter a intrebat ciite spargeri au avut loc in acest ora~.
> Pete! asked hO\\ mallY btl!gIaries there had been in thiS cIty
the thIef
7
In aceasta Iectie nu ati invatat inca verbe noi. lata-Ie: to commit
> [tll kamit]
- a comite
to arrest
> [tll arest]
- a aresta, a pune sub interdictie
to rob
> [tll rob]
- ajefui, a fura
to prosecute
> [tll proslkru:t]
- a institui/a intenta (un) proces
to confess
> [tll kanfes]
- a martllrisi, a recunoa~te
to sentence (to)
> [tll sentans]
- a condamna
to beware of
> [tll blUea f av]
- a se feri, a se pazi
Acum yom folosi verbele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi cu atentie: A:
Beware of this man! He's a criminal.
B:
What crime did he commit?
A:
He robbed ten rich people.
B:
Was he prosecuted?
A:
Yes, he was. The police arrested him after looking for him for two months.
B:
Did he confess to the robberies?
A:
Yes, he did. And then he was sentenced to ten years.
Cititi propozitile separat
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
Beware of this man!
-
Fere~te-te
de omul acesta!
He's a criminal.
> [hI:Z a krimml]
- Este un criminal.
What crime did he commit?
> [" o t kralln dId hi kamit]
- Ce infractiune a comis?
He robbed ten rich people.
> [hi: rabd (en nt;; pi:pl]
- EI a jefuit zece oameni bogati.
Was he prosecuted?
> [" az hI: proSlklll:tId]
- I s-a intentat proces?
Yes, he was.
> [les hI: Uaz]
- Da.
The police arrested him after looking for him for two months.
> [D/a pali:s arcstld hI:m a:fta f ]ukin(g) fa:' hun fo. l tu: man f'J
- Po1itia I-a arestat dupa ce I-a cautat timp de doua 1uni.
Did he confess to the robberies?
>[dld hI: kanfcs tll [Ya robanz]
- E1 a recunoscut jafuri1e?
Yes, he did.
> [les hI: dId]
-Da.
And then he was sentenced to ten years.
> [End [Yen hI: "az sen(anst (ll tcn la'z]
- Apoi a fost condarnnat 1a zece ani.
8
Completati urmatoarele propozitii cu cuvintele care lipsesc: Vecinul lui a comis un furt.
- His neighbour >commited a theft.
Cine a fost arestat?
- Who has been >arrested?
Ieri cinci oameni I-au jefuit pe bacan.
- Five men >robbed the grocer's yesterday.
Fere~te-te
- >Beware of dark streets!
de strazile intunecoase!
De ce nu li s-a intentat un proces? El
~i-a
- Why haven't they been >prosecuted?
recunoscut toate infractiunile.
- He >confessed to all his crimes.
Cine i-a condamnat?
- Who has >sentenced them?
in urmatorul exercitiu, traduceti verbele noi in limba engleza: a aresta
> to arrest
a intenta (un) proces
> to prosecute
a se feri
> to beware of
a condamna
> to sentence
a comite
> to commit
a jefui
> to rob
a marturisi, a
recunoa~te
> to confess
lata ultimul exercitiu al lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: El m-a intrebat cfmd il vor condamna.
> He asked me when they would sentence him.
Daca a~ fi ~tiut mai devreme, nu m-a~ fi intors acasa.
> If l had known earlier I would not have returned home.
~tii
> Do you know our brother was prosecuted?
ca fratelui nostru i s-a intentat un proces?
EI a fost arestat pentru ca a comis
0
infractiune.
> He \\ as arrested because he commited a clime.
Mary a intrebat daca aceasta intiimplare a fost revoltatoare.
> Mary asked if this story was outrageous.
Au avut loc recent multe spargeri in imprejurimile noastre.
> There have been a lot of burglaries in OUI surroundings recently.
~tii
> Do you know our law forbids theft?
ca legea noastra interzice furtul?
Fere~te-te de
acest om brutal!
> Beware of thIs brutal man!
I-au condamnat la cinci ani.
> They sentenced them to five years.
Ea ~i-a recunoscut crima.
> She confessed the cnme.
9
LECTIA 27 - PARTEA A DOVA , Sa continuam tot cu problemele legislative. Unneaza un grup de substantive noi. Citili-le cu voce tare: sentence
> [scnt:.ms]
- sentinta
remorse
> [rimo:"s]
-
police-station
> [pali:s
ticket
> [tiklltj
- bilet, proces verbal (de contravenlie)
speeding
> [spi:din(gl]
- exces de viteza
murder
> [ma:rda r]
- crima, omucidere
murderer
> [mll:'dararj
-
evidence
> [evidans]
- dovada, marturie
behaviour
> [bihcivd]
- purtare, comportament
blackmail
> [bIEkmeil]
-
capital punishment
> [kEpitl
- pedeapsa capitala! cu moartea
death sentence
> [deT' scnlans]
stci~n]
pani~mant]
remu~care,cainta
- post de politie
uciga~,
asasin
~antaj
- condamnare la moarte
Exersati cuvintele noi, dar in alta ordine: murderer
> [ma:rdara r]
-
speeding
> [spi:din lgl ]
- exces de viteza
sentence
> [sentans]
- sentinta
capital punishment
> [kEpitl
- pedeapsa capitaHi/ cu moartea
remorse
> [rimo:rs]
-
ticket
> [tikat]
- bilet, proces verbal (de contraventie)
blackmail
> [blEkmeil]
-
murder
> [ma:fda']
- crima, omucidere
evidence
> [cvicbns]
- dovada, marturie
death sentence
> [dcT' scntans]
- condamnare la moarte
police-station
> [pali: s stei~ll]
- post de politie
behaviour
> [biheivia f]
- purtare, comportament
panismant]
10
uciga~,
asasin
remu~care,
cainta
~antaj
Citili cu voce tare urmatoarele propozilii in limba engleza in care am introdus cuvinte1e noi atenli la traducerea lor in limba romana:
~i
He got a long sentence.
> [hI' got a lan(g' sentans]
- EI a primit
Does he feel any remorse?
>1 daz hi:
- EI are vreo remu~care?
They were taken to the police-station.
>[lYeiua.l tClkn tll IYa pali:s stcisn]
- Au fost du~i la postul de polilie.
Do you often get a ticket?
> [till Ill, ofi! get a tibt]
-
Last week I got one for speeding.
> [Ia~t " L k <11 got "an fa, spi dmlg1j
- Saptamana trecuta am primit una pentru exces de viteza.
Is murder the most serious crime?
> [IZ ma"da' fYa mallst si'! las krcl/ITI]
- Omuciderea este cea mai serioasa infractiune?
Is it known who
> [ iz It 11cllln hu'
- Se
ft:l enlllmo:'sj
D/,lllla,'dara'" az j
the murderer was?
0
pedeapsa lunga.
Prime~ti
des procese verbale de contraventie?
~tie
cine a fost
uciga~ul?
There is enough evidence.
> [[Yea'
What do you think of her behaviour?
> [" a t dll ill, T'lI1 lgl k
They are guilty of blackmail.
> [IYel 3:' giltl a\' blEkmell]
- Sunt vinovali de
Do they get capital punishment?
> L-Ill [Yel get kEpit!
- Vor primi pedeapsa capitala?
The death sentence did not scare him.
> [D/a deT' sentans did nol skea' him]
IZ
lIlafc\'ldansj
a\ hal blhe/\ la']
panlSl1lant]
fili
- Sunt dovezi suficiente. - Ce parere ai despre comportamentul el? ~antaj.
- Condamnarea la moarte nu I-a speriat.
in urmatorul exerc1tiu completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc: Siiptamiina aceasta au avut loc trei crime.
- There have been three >murders this week.
Postul de polItIC este langa hotel.
- The >police-statj'll1 is next to the hotel.
Dovezlle sunt putine.
- There is a little >cvldencc.
Comportamenrullor este foarte ciudat.
- Their >beha\ lOur is very strange.
UCtga::;11 au tost arestali.
- The >munlcll'rs have been arrested.
Santalul
t'~te
adesea profitabil.
- >Blackmcul is often profitable.
Ce pedt"apsa au primit?
- What >sentence did they get?
I)nll oalOeni ered ca pedeapsa capitala este t':lra rost.
- Some people think >capital punishment is useless.
Pollllstul i-a intocmit un proces verbal.
- The policeman gave him a >tieket. 11
Se condamna la moarte pentru furt?
- Is there a >death sentence for theft?
Excesul de viteza este penculos.
- >Speeding is dangerous.
Desigur, criminal,
pute~i
deja sa
tladuce~i
cuvintele noi in limba engleza:
uciga~
> murderer
condamnare la moarte
> death sentence
dovada
> eVIdence
sentinta
> sentence
exces de viteza
> speedmg
pedeapsa capitalalcu moartea
> capital punishment
proces verbal de contraventie
> ticket
post de politie
> polIce-statIOn
crima, omucidere
> murder
comportament
> behaviour
remu~care
> remorse
~antaj
> blackmaIl
latti 0 modalitate de exprzmare a viitorului. cu ajutorul constructiei to be going to - a avea de gand sa. in aceastti constructie se conjugti doar verbul to be infunctie de persoanti ~i timp (I am going to, she is going to, they are going to, etc.). De exemplu: I am going to watch a film tonight.
- Deseara rna uit la un film.
They were going to fly to England.
- Ei au avut de gand sa zboare in Anglia.
• ::::-1 t~ ;~;: : . .
lnterogativul se formeazti prin inversiunea ordinii subiectului cu forma corespunztitoare a verbului to be. Nega!ia se formeazti prin adtiugarea la forma corespunztitoare a verbului to be a adverbului de nega!ie not. De exemplu:
1:::::::::1\·:::-.
Where are you going to spend your holiday?
- Unde iti vei petrece concediul?
it;::!::' :
She was not going to visit us yesterday.
- Ea nu a avut de gand sa ne viziteze ieri.
! .
i:" .:'
I" .
Pe baza exemplelor, traduceti propozitiile care urmeaza in limba engleza: Nu avem de gand sa-l arestam pe acest om.
> We aren't going to arrest this man.
Unde iti vei duce copiii?
> Where are you going to take your children?
Tata! meu va vinde
ma~ina
noastra veche.
> My father is going to sell our old car.
Politia ii va duce la postul de politie?
> Are the police going to take them to the police-station?
Nu-ti voi povesti aceasta intimplare.
> I'm not going to tell you this story.
12
lata aIte cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare
~i
retineti sensullor:
relieved
>lnli.vd]
-
sufficient
> [safi~ant)
- suficient
violent
>l valalant]
- violent
decent
>l di:sant)
- decent, cumsecade
envious (ot)
>l en\'las)
- invidios (pe)
gentle
>[ dJentl]
- bland,
He was relieved when he was not prosecuted.
>[hl: "oz nli:vd lien hi: "az not proslkiu.tid)
- El a fost u~urat cand nu i s-a intentat proces.
Is this sufficient for today?
>llz D7 1s
He has always been a violent man.
>[hi: hEz o:]Ue/z bi:n a va/alant mEn]
- El a fost intotdeauna un om violent.
Most people are decent.
>[maust pi.pl a:' di:sant)
- Majoritatea oamenilor sunt curnsecade.
The thief said he was envious of rich people.
>[DZa TSJ:fsed hi: Uoz envias 3\ nt~ pi:pl]
- Hotul a spus ca era invidios pe oamenii bogati.
What a gentle person she is!
>[ Uot a dJcntl pa:'sn
u~urat
ginga~,
amabil
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii:
safi~ant
fo:' tadci]
~i:
IZ]
- Este suficient pentru azi?
- Ce persoana amabila este ea!
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Ace~tia
- These are >decent people.
sunt oameni decenti.
Te-ai simtit u~urat ~i tu?
- Were you >reheved, too?
Fii amabil cu ei!
- Be >gentle to them!
Este suficient ulei?
- Is there >sufficient oil?
Sunt intotdeauna atat de violenti?
- Are they always so >vlolent?
Nu are rost sa fi invidios.
- It's no use being >envious.
Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza: decent
> decent
u~urat
> leheved
invidios (pe)
> envious (of)
amabil
> gentle
violent
> \ !Olent
suficient
> suffiCIent 13
Jar acum vom invata un alt tip de pronume - pronumele relativ compus. lata trei dintre acestea: whoever
> l hu eva']
- oricine, oricare
whatever
> [lJoteva']
- mice
whichever
>
- oricare, orice
[tlJt~c\a']
Sa Ie folosim in propozilii: > [tlnteva' h Epnz al "ll help IU:]
- Orice s-ar intimpla, te voi ajuta.
Whoever sees the thief must tell the police.
> [hu."va'
- Oricine vede holul, trebuie sa anunle polilia.
Whichever of these cars you choose, it will cost you a lot.
>
Whatever happens I will help you.
SI:Z
DZa Pl.f
mast tel Dca pzlli:s]
l Ult~C\ a' av IYJ:z ka:'z Ill.
t~u Z
It "il kost
a lot]
Ill:
- Orice ma~ina ai alege, te va costa mult.
Dupa pronumele relative compuse, pentru exprimarea viitorului se folose~te timpul Simple Present.
Traduceli propoziliile urmatoare in limba engleza: Orice casa cumperi, va fi prea mica pentru familia tao
> Whichever house you buy It wJll be too small for your fatTIlly.
Oricine imi cere bani, il voi refuza.
> Whoever asks me for money, 1will refuse him.
Orice scrii va fi bine.
> Whatever you WrIte it will be all right.
lata acum cateva verbe noi. Citili-le cu atenlie
~i
invatati semnificatia lor:
to accuse (of)
> l tu aklU:z]
- a acuza, a invinui (de)
to release
> [tllJllis]
- a elibera, a pune in libertate
to murder
> (tu ma:'da'j
- a ucide, a omori
to report
> [tu JIjlO:'\]
- a raporta, a anunla
to convict (of)
> [\ll kanvikt]
- a condamna, a declara vinovat (pe cineva)
to punish
> l tu
pal1J~ ]
- a pedepsi
to find out
> [tu
f~\lnd
- a constata, a descoperi
aut] 14
Cititi eLI atentie urmatorul dialog In care apar
~i
cuvintele noi:
A:
Six months ago somebody reported a murder to the police.
B:
Did they catch the murderer?
A:
Yes, they did. He was accused and convicted.
B:
How was he punished?
A:
He was sentenced to capital punishment. But after two weeks he was released.
B:
Why? Wasn't he guilty?
A:
No, he wasn't. The police found out that somebody else had committed the crime.
Traduceti In limba romana propozitiile din text: Six months ago somebody reported a murder to the police.
> l "lks man Ps ag;iu samhodi
Did they catch the murderer?
> [did IY L'l
lIpo:'(Jd a ma:'da' tll fYa pali:s] kel~
- Cu ~ase luni In urma, cineva a anuntat 0 crima la politie.
D a mil:' dara'] - L-au prins pe criminal? - Da.
Yes, they did. He was accused and convicted.
> [hi "oz aklU:zd Fnd kanviktJd]
- EI a fost acuzat ~i condamnat.
How was he punished?
> [hal: u oz hI: pamst]
- Ce pedeapsa a primit?
He was sentenced to capital punishment.
> [hI: "oz scnl,lllS; III
- EI a primit pedeapsa cu moartea.
But after two weeks he was released.
> l hat ana' Iu "I:ks hi: "oz nli sl]
- Dar dupa doua saptamani, el a fost pus In libertate.
Why?
> ["al]
- Dece?
Wasn't he guilty?
> ll'o,rnt hI'
kEplt1
pal11~1l1al1t]
~iltlJ
- Nu a fost vinovat?
No, he wasn't.
- Nu.
> l D/a pali.s falJlld aul DiEt The police found out that sambodJ els bEd kamilld somebody else had committed D/a ham!] the crime.
- Politia a constatat ca altcineva a comis crima.
Sa exersam folosirea verbelor noi. Completati propozitiile In limba engleza cu forma verbala corespunzatoare: Noi am anuntat furtulla postul de politie.
- We >reported the theft at the police-station.
De ce I-au eliberat?
- Why have they >reh:a.,,~d him?
El m-a acuzat ca i-am furat cizmele.
- He >accused me of stealing his boots. 15
De ce nu i-au pedepsit?
- Why haven't they >punlshed them?
Pentru ce I-au condamnat?
- What did they >convlct him of?
EI ~i-a omorat secretera.
- He >has murdered his secretary.
Am descoperit deja cine mi-a mancat cina.
- I have already >found out who ate my dinner.
"I have already found out who ate my dinner."
Traduceti in limba engleza verbele: a raporta, a anunta
> to report
a elibera, a pune in libertate
> to release
a condamna, a declara vinovat
> to convict
a pedepsi
> to pUnish
a acuza, a invinui (de)
> to accuse (of)
a omori, a ucide
> to murder
a constata, a descoperi
> to find out
In final, sa verificam in ce masura ati reu~it sa retineti materialul acestei lectii: Doi hoti de buzunare au fost arestati azi. Politia nu
~tie
> Two pIckpockets have been arrested today.
unde se afla acest criminal.
> The polIce don't know where thIs criminal is.
Spargatorul ar fi fost prins mai devreme, daca am fi avut telefon atunci.
> The burglar would have been caught earher If we had had a telephone then.
Evident, ei au comis aceasta infractiune.
> They ob\ lOusly cOlTI1mtted thIs cnme.
16
Purtarea lui este revolUitoare.
> His behavIour is outrageous.
Peter a i'ntrebat daca prietenullui a fost condamnat.
> Peter asked if his fnend
Ei au intrehat cand yom intenta proces impotriva ei.
> They asked when we would prosecute her.
Feriti-va de oamenii rai!
> Beware of bad people!
EI a primit pedeapsa eu moartea.
> He got a death sentence.
Daea ai fi condus mai incet, nu ti s-ar fi intocmit un proces verbal de contravenlie.
> If you had dnven slowlier you wouldn't
Nu avem suficiente dovezi sa-i acuzam de acest jaf.
> We don't have enough evidence to accuse
Acest hot are vreo remu~care?
> Does thiS thief have any remorse'?
Polilia are de gand sa-l duca pe la postul de politie.
had been sentenced.
have got a ticket.
them of thiS robbery.
uciga~
> The pollce are going to take the murderer
to the pol ice-statlOll, > Whoe\er comes hetc I wdl throw him out.
Oricine va veni aici, 11 voi da afara. Cum ai de gand sa-l
pedepse~ti?
> How are you going to punish him?
Acum urmeaza obi~nuitul exerciliu de pronuntie. Literele din desemneaza un sunet identic: [e]
[I: ]
['II]
[i]
theft
relieved
fine
convict
death
decent
crime
criminal
envious
thief
time
fish
gentle
release
rise
thick
17
aceea~i
coloana, scrise accentuat,
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 27 , 27.1. Propozitia conditionala de tipul III (III Conditional) 27.1.1. in propozitia conditionala de tipul III conditia este ireala, nu este realizabila. 27.1.2. in propozitia conditionala introdusa de prepozitia "if" verbul este la timpul Past Perfect, iar in propozitia subordonata apare constructia: "would + have + forma a III-a a verbului de conjugat". De exemplu: If the burglar hadn't been caught - Daca spargatorul nu ar fi fost prins, we would have lost a lot of money. noi am fi pierdut 0 multime de bani. I would have had time to do it if you had told me yesterday.
-
A~ fi avut timp sa fac asta daca imi spuneai ieri.
27.2. Vorbirea indirecta, propozitia indirecta interogativa 27.2.1. Ordinea in propozitia indirecta interogativa este identica cu aceea dintr-o propozitie afirmativa. 27.2.2. in cazul intrebarii decizionale (da/nu) propozitia secundara care urmeaza dupa propozitia principala este introdusa prin prepozitia if. De exemplu: - Peter asked if they had met her.
Peter asked "Did they meet her?"
in propozitia interogativa complementara, pronumele interogativ ramane neschimbat. De exemplu: Mary asked "Where is he going?".
- Mary asked where he was going.
Timpul verbului se schimba conform regulii concordantei timpurilor.
27.3. Constructia "to be going to" - "a avea de gand sa": 27.3.1. in aceasta constructie, se schimba doar forma verbului "to be" in functie de persoana ~i timp (I am going to, she is going to, they are going to etc.). De exemplu:
- Ii voi vizita azi.
I am going to visit them today.
27.3.2. Interogativul se formeaza prin inversiunea subiectului cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului to be, iar negatia prin adaugarea adverbului de negatie "not" la forma corespunzatoare a verbului "to be". Where are you going to spend your holiday?
- Unde ai de gand sa-ti petreci concediul?
She was not going to visit us yesterday.
- Ea nu a avut de gand sa ne viziteze ieri.
18
27.4. Pronumele relative compuse: whoever
- oricine, oricare
whatever
- once
whichever
- oricare, orice
Whatever happens I will help you.
- Grice s-ar intampla te voi ajuta.
Whoever sees the thief must tell the police. - Gricine vede hotul, trebuie sa anunte politia. - Grice ma~ina alegi, te va costa mult.
Whichever of these cars you choose, it will cost you a lot. De~i dupa pronumele relative compuse se refera la viitor.
folose~te
timpul Simple Present, de obicei, ele se
27.5. "Would, could" 27.5.1. Verbele "would" ~i "could" sunt verbe auxiliare modale, de aceea propozitiile interogative formate cu ajutorullor, implica inversiunea, de exemplu: Could you leave yesterday?
- Ai putut pleca ieri?
What would you do if you were rich?
- Ce ai face daca ai fi bogat?
27.5.2. Formele lor negative sunt: "could not" - forma prescurtata "couldn't" "would not" - forma prescurtata "wouldn't" They couldn't see us there.
- Nu puteau sa ne vada acolo.
My mother wouldn't pay for this if she hadn't money.
- Mama mea nu ar plati pentru asta daca nu ar avea bani.
19
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 27 A
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana:
I.
John isn't going to invite her to his house.
2.
Whoever comes tell him I am not at home.
3.
Peter asked who had caught the pickpocket.
4.
If the police had had this information earlier, they would have found the criminal easily.
5.
The prisoner asked if he had to pay a fine.
6.
This outrageous brutal crime was committed by a very young man.
B.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I.
Spargatorul a fost arestat dupa ce a jefuit doua case.
2.
De ce ai de gand sa-I declari vinovat de acest omor?
3.
Daca locatarii ar fi anuntat mai devreme spargerea, ei nu ar fi pierdut totul.
4.
Grice vrei sa faci, ar fi mai bine daca ai renunta.
5.
Maria a intrebat cand ii vor elibera sotul.
6.
Peter a intrebat daca hotului de buzunare i s-a intentat proces.
C.
Alegeti cuvantul care se I.
John asked who
potrive~te
in propozitie:
arrested.
a. is
b. was 2.
The children
going to play in the garden.
a. were b. wasn't 3.
.
tells you this, don't think it's true.
a. whatever b. whoever 4.
If they
him to capital punishment it would have been horrible.
a. had sentenced b. sentence
20
" PARTEA "INTAI
LECTIA 28 ,
Sa revenim la problemele legislative, dar yom studia alte teme. Daca pana acum ne-am ocupat de expresiile legislatiei penale, in continuare yom face cuno~tinta cu expresii ale legislatiei civile:. wedding
> [\ledin();)]
nunta
wedding-day
> [\ledin();) dei]
ziua nuntii
wedding-ring
> ["edin();) rin(g)]
verigheta
God, god
> [god]
Dumnezeu, divinitate
bride
> [braid]
mireasa
guest
> [gest]
musafir, invitat
bachelor
>
bridegroom
> [braidgru:m]
mire
mamage
> [mEridj]
casatorie
divorce
> [divo:'s]
divort
relatives
> [relati:vz]
rude
service
> [sa:'vis]
serviciu, ceremonie
[bEt~ala']
celibatar
lata noile cuvinte intr-o alta ordine. Fiti atenti la pronuntie corespondentul lor in limba romana:
~i
retineti
bachelor
>
bride
> [braid]
mireasa
God, god
> [god]
Dumnezeu, divinitate
guest
> [gest]
musafir, invitat
servIce
> [sa:rvis]
serviciu, ceremonie
wedding-ring
> ["edin(g) rin(gl]
verigheta
divorce
> [divo:rs]
divort
wedding
> ["edin(gl]
nunta
mamage
> [mEridj]
casatorie
wedding-day
> [cledin();) dei]
ziua nuntii
relatives
> [relati:vz]
rude
bridegroom
> [braidgru:m]
mIre
21
[bEt~alar]
celibatar
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
When is their wedding-day?
> ["en iz Dlel' UeulIllgl dei]
- Cand va avea loc nunta lor?
What a beautiful wedding that was!
>[" o t a hlU:td1tl"edin(g) DIEt "oz]
- Ce nunta minunata a fost!
He bought expensive wedding-rings.
>[hl: bo:t lkspensiv
- El a cumparat verighete scumpe.
God, help me!
>[god help mi:]
- Doamne, ajuta-ma!
The bride was late.
> [DZa braid U oz leit]
- Mireasa a intfirziat.
The bridegroom is very tall.
>[D1a braidgru:m
How many guests were there?
>[hau meni gests "a.' D/ea']
- Cfiti invitati au fost acolo?
This man is a bachelor.
>[DZIS mEn iz a bEt::;ala']
- Acest barbat este celibatar.
There are many divorces every year.
>[ Olea' a I mcni divo:'SIZ evn la']
- Sunt multe divorturi in fiecare an.
They say marriage is forever.
>[ D/ci sci mEnu] iz (orcva']
- Ei spun ca mariajul va dura o ve~nicie.
Were all your relatives there?
>[" a .' 0.1 io:' rclati.vz IYea']
- Au fost acolo toate rudele tale?
The service was impressive.
>[D/ 3 sa:'vis "oz lmpreslv]
- Ceremonia a fost impresionanta.
"edin(g) rin(glz]
lZ
ven to:l]
- Mirele este foarte inalt.
"The bridegroom is very tall."
22
lata un alt exercitiu: completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc: Casatoria nu este pentru mine.
- > Marriage is not for me.
Nu voi fi acolo la nunta lor.
- I will not be at their >wedding.
~tiu
- I know there is > God
ca exista Dumnezeu.
Toata lumea a vorbit despre divortullor.
- Everybody talked about their >divorce.
Ai cumparat deja verighetele?
- Have you bought the> wedding-rings yet?
El a spus ca nu va uita niciodata ziua nuntii sale.
- He said he would never forget his >wedding-day.
Au intarziat la ceremonie.
- They were late for the> service.
Mireasa $i mirele au putine rude.
- The> bride and the> bndegroom have few>relatives.
Ai fost unul dintre musafiri?
- Were you one of the > guest~'?
Ma bucur ca sunt celibatar.
- I'm glad I'm a> bachelor
De cat timp 11 cuno$tea mireasa?
- How long has the> bndeknown him?
Mirele este fratele meu.
- The> bndegroomis my brother.
Traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza, pentru a Ie retine cat mai bine: mire
> bndegroom
divort
> di\ orce
musafrr
> guest
verigheta
> weddl11g-ring
mireasa
> bnde
serviciu, ceremonie
> sen Ice
Dumnezeu
> God
ruda, rude
> relatIves
ziua nuntii
> wedding-day
nunta
> wedding
celibatar
> bachelor
casatorie
> marnage
Sa revenim la pronumele relative.
Pronumele relative aflate la inceputul propozitiilor relative restrictive, pot fi omise in anumite cazuri.
23
De exemplu: The people (whom) I visited were very nice to me.
- Oamenii pe care i-am vizitat, au fost foarte draguti cu mine.
Don't lose the ticket (which) he has given to you.
- Nu pierde biletul pe care ti I-a dat.
Do you like the book (that) you have read?
- Iti place cartea pe care ai citit-o?
The news (which) we heard was very bad.
-
~tirea
pe care a auzit-o, a fost foarte proasta.
Is the car (which) you drove yesterday expensive? - Este scumpa ma~ina pe care ai condus-o ieri?
Traduceti in limba engleza frazele care contm propozitii secundare relative. Daca este cazul, omiteti pronumele relative, conform regulii anterioare: Ace~ti
oameni pe care ii cunosc demult, au fost concediati ieri.
> These people. whom I have known for a long time, were fired yesterday.
Ma~ina
pe care am cumparat-o saptamana trecuta, este foarte rapida.
> The car J bought last week IS \ ery fast.
Femei~
care se plimba acolo, este sora tatalui meu.
> The woman who IS walkmg there is my father's sIster
Unde ai cumparat costumul pe care tocmai il porti?
> Where have you bought the suit you are weanng')
Cartofii pe care i-am scos, sunt mici.
> The potatoes we have dug are small.
Acest scaun, care este foarte vechi, nu este de vanzare.
> This chair, which IS not for sale.
Casa pe care am construit-o nu este foarte inalta.
> The house wc have built is not very high.
Politistul care I-a arestat pe infractor, a spus ca nu a fost u~or.
> The policeman that arrested the criminal said that It hadn't been easy.
IS VClY
old,
lata acum cateva cuvinte noi: engaged
>[mgeldjd]
-Iogodit
happy
>[hEpI]
- fericit
enormous
>[mo:1mas]
- enorm, una~
single
> [singl]
- necasatorit, celibatar
incredible
> [mkrBdl bal]
- incredibil
religious
> [nlidJas]
- religios 24
Cititi unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza in care am folosit cuvintele noi: Smce when have they been engaged?
>[sms lien hEy DZei bi:n mgeldjd]
- De cfmd sunt logoditi?
It was the happiest day of their lives.
> [It "oz DZa hEpiast del a\' D/ei' lalvz]
- A fost cea mai fericita zi din viata lor.
They are going to live in an enonnous house.
> [D'ei a:' gaum(g) tu Iiv in an ino"mas haus]
- Ei vor locui intr-o casa enonna.
Are you still single?
>[a:'
-
Their divorce is incredible.
>[D'd divo:'s iz inkredlbal]
- Divortul lor este incredibil.
These people are very religious.
> [D/t:z pi:pl a:'
-
Ill:
stll singl]
\en rilidjas]
E~ti
inca necasatorit?
Ace~ti
foarte
oameni sunt religio~i.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele noi: Aceasta este
0
gradina imensa.
- This is an >enormous garden.
Este incredibil ca el este deja aici.
- It is >incredible that he is already here.
Ei au fost logoditi doar pentru scurt timp.
- They have been >engaged for only a short time.
Ea a spus ca vrea sa ramana necasatorita.
- She said that she wanted to stay >single
Sunt
religio~i ace~ti
- Are these people >rehgious?
oameni?
- Were you >happy?
Ai fost fericit?
Ati
reu~it
desigur, sa retineti cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza:
incredibil
> mcredible
logodit
> engaged
necasatorit, celibatar
> single
enonn, uria~
> enormous
religios
> religious
fericit
> happy
Sa revenim la vorbirea indirecta: 1.
Propozi{ii condi!ionale in cazul vorbirii indirecte In propozi!ia condi!ionald de tipull, timpul verbului se schimbii conform regulii de concordan{ii a timpurilor (timpul prezent se schimba In timp trecut):
25
Peter said "If I have time I will go to the cinema".
- Peter said that if he had time he would go to the cinema.
in cazul propozifiilor condifionale de tipulII ~i III, timpul verbului rdmiine neschimbat, de exemplu:
2.
John said "If I were you I would not do it."
- John said that if he were me he would not do it.
Mary said "If I had had the money earlier I would have paid for the car."
- Mary said that if she had had the money earlier she would have paid for the car.
Expresii dupd care Propozifia secundard trece la timpul Simple Past. in urmdtoarele expresii se schimbd timpul verbului:
it is time
- it was time
I wish
- I wished
Timpul verbului din propozifiile secundare care urmeazd dupd aceste expresii, nu se schimbd. latd doud exemple:
Peter said "I wish I had a house."
- Peter said he wished he had a house.
Mary said "It's time I went home."
- Mary said it was time she went home.
Pe baza regulilor enuntate anterior, traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: John a spus ca daca s-ar fi insurat cu Mary, atunci ar fi fost fericit.
- John said that If he had marned Mary then he \\ollid have been happy.
Mary mi-a spus ca este timpul sa il parasesc.
- Mary told me that It
Peter a spus ca daca ar avea bani destui, m-ar imprumuta ~i pe mine.
- Peter said that If he had enough money he \\ould lend me some.
Joan a spus ca ar vrea sa fie mai bogata.
- Joan said she Wished she were richer.
W
time I len hIm.
Mama mea a spus ca daca ar vrea sa mearga acolo, - My mother Said that if she wanted to go there s-ar duce. she would go
Sa invatam inca eateva verbe: to marry
> [tu mEriJ
- a se casatori (cu), a se insura
to divorce
>[tLl divo:'s]
- a divorta
to attend
> l tu atcnd]
- a fi prezent, a frecventa
to believe
>[tu bIli.v]
- a crede
to swear
> [tu sU ea']
- ajura
Verbul "to swear" este neregulat. Formele sale sunt: formal
forma a II-a
forma a III-a
swear> [SUe,I']
swore> f SuO"]
sworn >[s"o:'n]
26
~i
Cititi eu atentie dialogul urmator in care apar
verbele noi:
A:
Do you know that Joan is going to divorce her husband?
B:
Oh, no! I can't believe it! Are you sure?
A:
I swear it's true.
B:
But she married him a year ago!
A:
I know. I attended the wedding.
B:
This news is awful. I thought they were happy together.
Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza: Do you know that Joan is going to divorce her husband?
> [du ill: nOll O'Et djoun 1Z giiuin lgl tu divo:' s ha:' halbimd]
-
Oh, no! I can't believe it!
> [ou nOll ai ka:nt hili:v it]
- Oh, nul Nu pot sa cred!
Are you sure?
> [a' Ill: )ua']
-
I swear it's true.
> [ai SUear lts trll:]
- Jur ca este adevarat.
But she married him a year ago!
> [bat Zil. mErid him a iia' agou]
- Dar s-a easatorit eu el acum un an.
I know. I attended the wedding.
> [al nou al iitendld IYa uedm ,g )]
-
This news is awful.
> [D'lS nru:z
- Aceasta veste este groaznica.
I thought they were happy together.
> [ill TSo:t D/ei U a :' hEp! tageDZa']
IZ
0.f1]
~tii ca Joan divorteaza de sotul ei?
E~ti
sigur?
~tiu. Am participat la nunta.
- Am crezut ca erau fericiti impreuna.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza eu forma verbala corespunzatoare: Poti sa juri ca este adevarat?
- Can you> swear that it is true?
Ei au erezut intotdeauna in Dumnezeu.
- They have always> believed in God.
Ciiti oameni au fost prezenti la nunta?
- How many people> attended the wedding?
Au divortat cu multi ani in urma.
- They have been > divorced for many years.
Cu cine te-ai casatorit?
- Whom have you> marned?
Pentru a retine verbele noi, traduceti in limba engleza: a se casatori, a se insura sau a se marita
> 10 many
a crede
> to believe
a divorta
> to dlvorce
aJura
> to swear
a fi prezent/de fata la, a participa la
> to attend
27
lata doua cazuri in care se utilizeaza verbele auxihare could
~i
would.
lata ciiteva exemple: Could you open the window?
- Ai putea deschide geamul?
Would you give me some tea?
-
(E~ti
atat de amabil) Poli sa-mi dai pUlin ceai?
Traduceli propoziliile urmatoare in limba engleza folosind aceste doua verbe auxiliare: E~ti
> Would you buy me the tickets?
atat de amabil sa-mi cumperi biletele?
Ai putea sa te uili la scrisoarea mea?
> Could you look at my letter?
E~ti
> Would you lend me your books?
atat de amabil sa-mi imprumuli carlile tale?
Ai putea sa uili aceste cuvinte?
> Could you forget these words?
Vrei sa faci curat in camera?
> Would you clean your room?
In exerciliul urmator, vom recapitula materia acestei leclii. Daca nu intampinali dificultali, inseamna ca puteli trece la partea a doua a lecliei 28. Traduceli in limba engleza: Omul care a fost arestat, nu a marturisit inca.
> The man they have arrested
L-ar fi condarnnat pe prizonier, daca ar fi fost mai multe dovezi.
> They would have convicted the pnsoner
Celibatarul despre care a vorbit ea, a fost una dintre rudele mele.
> The bachelor she talked about was one of my relatIves.
In ziua nunlii a fost incredibil de cald.
> The weddIng-day was Incredibly hot.
has not confessed yet.
If there had been more eVidence.
"The wedding-day was incredibly hot." 28
Ea nu este acea femeie fericita din ziua nuntii sale.
> She is not the happy woman she was on her wedding-day.
Mirele 0 cuno~tea pe mireasa de mult timp.
> The bridegroom has known the bride for a very long tunc.
Au fost multe ceremonii saptamana aceasta.
> There have been many services this week.
EI de ce a jurat sa ramana celibatar?
> Why has he sworn to stay smgle?
Verighetele pe care ni Ie-au aratat, erau revoltator de scumpe.
> The wedding-rings we were shown were outrageously expensive.
Nu rna voi marita cu eL
> I am not going to marry him.
Ea este cea mai frumoasa mireasa pe care am vazut-o vreodata.
> She is the most beautiful bride I have ever seen.
Car\ile care se afla pe masa sunt ale tale.
> The books which are on the table are yours.
In incheiere, urmeaza obi~nuitul exercitiu de pronuntie. Cititi cu atentie urmatoarele cuvinte: [E]
[e]
[0:]
[ei]
happy
wedding
divorce
engaged
marriage
guest
com
outrageous
bachelor
relatives
enormous
rate
man
men
dawn
late
hat
when
sworn
gave
29
LECTIA 28 - PARTEA A nOVA , Aceasta parte a lectiei incepe cu un dialog. Fiti atenti la pronuntia cuvintelor ~i silabelor accentuate: Barbara: Speaking about crime you know that people have always said that crime doesn't pay. John:
But in some countries crime seems to be profitable because the criminals are not sufficiently punished.
Barbara: I agree, and if a prisoner is convicted of a crime, he often doesn't have to go to prison for a long time. John:
How true it is. They say this is because the criminal didn't know what he was doing when he commited the crime. Don't ask me how they know.
Barbara: And if a prisoner's behaviour is good he is released. John:
I think the only thing we can do to change this situation is to punish the people who don't want to punish the criminals.
Mary:
Of course there are happier things to talk about than crime, such as weddings.
Peter:
Yes, just tell me please who isn't happy himself when he sees other people happy on their wedding-day.
Mary:
Even if you prefer to stay single you can imagine that this is a day they will never forget.
Peter:
We must hope that life will always bring us more to be happy about than to be sad about.
Urmeaza ultimul exercitiu de traducere al acestei lectii: Ploua cand ne-am dus la postul de poIitie ca sa anuntam spargerea.
> It was rainmg when we were going to tbe
In luna aceea au fost comise multe crime brutale.
> Many brutal murders were committed
EI a spus ca nu se va simti in siguranta, pana cand criminalul nu va fi arestat.
> He said that he would not feel safe
Daca a~ fi avut timp, la ceremonie.
> If I had had tune I would have attended the service.
a~
police-statIOn to report the burglary.
that month.
tIll the murderer was arrested.
fi fost prezent
Crima de care el a fost acuzat, a fost una violenta.
> The crime he was accused of was a violent one.
Omul care a fost eliberat a fost evident nevinovat.
> 1 he man who was released was
obviously mnocent.
Anul in care recolta s-a distrus, a fost prea secetos. > The year our crop failed, was too dry. EI nu este omul care era cand ne-am intalnit prima data.
> lie is not the man he was when we first met.
30
Crezi ca e vinovat?
> Do you lhll1k he
Nu vreau platesc amenda pentm ca sunt nevinovat.
> I don't \\ ant to pay tht' fine because
$antajul este infraqiune profitabila.
> BlackmaIl is a \ ery prolitable crnne.
Acest avion este
gUIlty?
I am Il1l10cent.
uria~.
> rhls
L-am intrebat daca oamenii intotdeauna amabili.
IS
religio~i
plane IS enOIIIlOllS.
> I asked him If I ellglou" people were always gentle.
sunt
Ea a spus ca nu I-a vawt de la divort.
> She saId she had not seen h1111 since the dIvorce.
A fura este 'impotriva legii.
>
Stealing
>
We ,Ire attendmg a \\ eddlng next week.
>
I WIsh I were a bachelor agam.
Saptamana viitoare participam la A~
0
nunta.
vreau sa fiu din nou celibatar.
IS
agamsl the law.
do, dOll't release hun.
Grice faCl, nu-i da drumul.
> Whatever you
Aceasta poate fi folosita ca dovada.
> ThIS can be used as e\ Idence.
Cat de nevinovat parea
uciga~ul!
> 'low innocent the murderer looked!
E~ti sigur ca hotul se ascunde prin imprejurimi?
> Are you sure the thief IS hichng JIl the sUllOlIlldings')
31
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 28 , 28.1. Pronumele relative compuse aflate la Inceputul propozitiilor relative restrictive pot fi omise In anumite cazuri. Exemple: The people (whom) I visited were very nice to me.
- Oamenii pe care i-am vizitat au fost foarte draguti cu mine.
Don't lose the ticket (which) he has given to you.
- Nu pierde biletul pe care ti I-a dat.
Do you like the book (that) you have read?
- Iti place cartea pe care ai citit-o?
28.2. Vorbirea indirecta 28.2.1. Propozitia conditionala In cazul folosirii vorbirii indirecte In propozitia conditionala de tipul I, timpul verbulului se schimba conform regulii de concordanta a timpurilor (din timpul prezent trece la timpul trecut): Peter said "lfI have time I will go to the cinema".
- Peter said that if he had time he would go to the cinema.
In cazul propozitiei conditionale de tipul II ~i III timpul verbului ramane neschimbat: John said "IfI were you I would not do it".
- John said that if he were me he would not do it.
Mary said "If I had had the money - Mary said that if she had had the money earlier I would have paid for the car". earlier she would have paid for the car. 28.2.2. Timpul urmatoarelor expresii se schimba conform regulii de concordanta a timpurilor: it is time
- it was time
I wish
- I wished
In schimb in vorbirea indirecta timpul verbului din propozitia secundara, care urmeaza dupa aceste expresii nu se schimba. De exemplu: Peter said "I wish I had a house".
- Peter said he wished he had a house.
Mary said "It's time I went home".
- Mary said it was time she went home.
28.3. Folosirea verbelor auxiliare modale "could" ~i "would": Could you open the window?
- Ai putea deschide geamul?
Would you give me some tea?
- Poti sa-mi dai putin ceai?
32
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 28 A
B.
C.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozi1ii in limba romana: I.
The man I met then was divorced.
2.
I said that if I were a teacher, I would teach English.
3.
The bride wished the service were shorter.
4.
Could you tell me )fthey are happy?
5.
He told me that ifhe had not bought the wedding-rings earlier, he would not have had money then.
6.
I wanted to attend the wedding but I was late for the train.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozi1ii in limba engleza: 1.
EI presupune ca este timpul sa incepi lucrul.
2.
Ai cina cu mine?
3.
Cine a spus ca daca a~ fi mai tanara, m-ar lua de nevasta?
4.
Casa pe care am vazut-o atunci era prea scumpa pentru mine.
5.
L-ai putea ruga pe mire sa aduca florile?
6.
Ea a spus ca vrea sa fie necasatorita.
Corecta1i
gre~elile
(E~ti
atat de amabil sa cinezi cu mine?)
din urmatoarele propozi1ii:
1.
The house has just been bought is large.
2.
Could they to swear it's true?
3.
He said it is time he leaves.
4.
She told me that if she divorces her husband she will be happy.
5.
Would you opened the window?
33
V()CABVLARUL LECTIILOR 27 SI , , 28 to a.'euse (ot)
> [tLi aklU:Z]
- a acuza, a invinui (de)
agal'1st
> [agenst]
- impotriva, (in) contra
to al resl
> [tLi arest]
- a aresta
to attend
> [tLi atend]
- a fi prezent/de faFi la, a participa
bacl1elol
>
- celibatar
behavi''lur
> [blhelvla r]
- purtare, comportament
to belil'\ e
> [tLi bi!i:v]
- a crede (in)
to bewan: (of)
> [tublllea']
- a se feri, a se pazi (de)
blacl
> [blEkmeiJ]
-
bride
> [braid]
- mireasa
brictegroom
> [braldgru:m]
- mire
brutal
> [bru:tl]
- brutal, violent
burglCl\
> [ba: rgla']
- spargator
burglary
> [ba:'glan]
- furt cu spargere
capit~1
> [kEpitl
punishment
[bEt~alar]
pani~mant]
~antaj
- pedeapsa capitaHi/cu moartea
to commit
> [Iu kamit]
- a comite
to conft'ss
> [Iu kanfes]
- a marturisi, a recunoa~te
to convict (of)
> [tLi kanvikt]
- a condamna, a declara vinovat (pe cineva)
cnme
> [kraim]
- infractiune
criminal
> [krimml]
- criminal
death
> [del"]
- moarte
death sentence
> [del" sentiins]
- condamnare la moarte
decent
> [di:sant]
- decent
divorce
> [divo:rs]
- divort
to divorce
> [tu dlVO:rS]
- a divorta
engaged
> [mgeidjd]
- logodit
enormous
> [mo:'mas]
- enorm,
envious (of)
> [envlas]
- invidios (pe)
evidence
> [evldans]
- dovada, marturie
fine
> [fam]
- amenda, penalizare
to find out
> [tu fallld aut]
- a constata, a descoperi, a afla 34
uria~,
colosal
ginga~,
gentle
> [dJentl]
bland,
God, god
> [god]
DUlllnezeu, divinitate
guest
>
guilty
> [gilti]
- Vlllovat
happy
> [hEpi]
- fericit
incredible
> [inkredibal]
- incredibil
innocent
> [inasant]
- inocent, nevinovat
law
> [lo:J
- lege
to look
> [tu lukJ
- a privi, a arata cumva (bIDe
marriage
> [mEnd)]
- casatorie
to marry
> [tu mEnJ
- a se casatori, a se insura
murder
> [ma:'da']
- crima, omucidere
to murder
> [tu mao' da']
- a ucide, a omori
murderer
> [ma:'dara'j
- criminal, asasin,
obviously
> [obvlaslJ ]
- (in mod) evident
outrageous
> [autretdJas]
-
pickpocket
> [pikpokit]
- hot de buzunare
police
> [pali:s]
- politie
police-station
> [pali:s stel~n]
- post sau comisariat de politie
prisoner
> [prizana']
- prizonier, detinut
to prosecute
> [tu proslklll:t]
- a institui/a intenta (un) proces
to punish
> [tu
- a pedepsi
relatives
> [relati: vz]
- ruda, rude
to release
> [turili:s]
- a elibera, a pune in libertate, a-i da drumul
relieved
> [rili:vd]
-
religious
> [rilidjas]
- religios
remorse
> [rimo:fs]
-
to report
> [tu npo:ft]
- a raporta, a anunta
to rob
> [tu rob]
- ajefui, a prada (de), a fura
robbery
> [robari]
- jaf, furt
sentence
> [sentans]
- sentinta
to sentence (to)
> [tu sentans]
- a condamna
[gest]
amabil
musafir, invitat
pani~]
35
l'll
uciga~
ru~inos, neru~int,
imoral
u~urat
remu~care,
mustrare de con~tiinta
service
> [sa:'vis]
shoplifter
>
single
> [sing!]
- necasatorit, celibatar
speeding
> [spi.um lg )]
- exces de viteza
sufficient
>
to swear
> [tll sUeaf]
- ajura
theft
> [T'efl]
- furt
thief, thieves
> [T'i:fJ[T'i:vz]
- hot, hoti
ticket
> [tikI!]
- bilet, proces verbal (de contraventie)
violent
> [vaialant]
- violent
wedding
> [Ucdm(g)]
- nunta, cununie
wedding-day
> [Uedm lg ) dei]
- ziua nuntii
wedding-ring
> [Uedm 1g ) rin 1gl ]
- verigheHi
whatever
> [Uoteva ' ]
- oricare, orice, indiferent de
whichever
>
[Uit~ev a ' ]
- oricare
whoever
> [hu:e\ a f]
- oncme
- serviciu, ceremonie
[~oplifta'J
- hot de magazine
[safi~
- suficient, indestuHHor
36
•
~
RECAPITULARE I.
2.
Participiul Prezent: This is tiring work.
- Este
The film was exciting.
- Filmul a fost eaptivant.
0
munca istovitoare.
Modul imperativ: - Du-te la ~coala!
Go to school!
- Dueeti-va (mergeti) la ~eoala! Stop drinking!
- Inceteaza sa bei! - Incetati sa beti!
3.
4.
Propozitia conditionalii de tipul I: If you don't make a mistake it will be all right.
- Daca nu faei 0 gre~eala, va fi in regula.
She won't tell me if I don't ask.
- Ea nu-mi va spune, daea n-o intreb.
Folosirea verbelor auxiliare modale could
~i
would:
a. propozitiile interogative se formeaza prin inversarea subieetului eu verbul auxiliar modal: ni~te
Could you lend me some money?
- Ai putea sa-mi imprumuti
Would you be so kind to help me?
- Sunteti at<1t de amabil (incat) sa rna ajutati?
bani?
b. in propozitiile negative, formele acestor verbe sunt: Could not - forma prescurtata couldn't I couldn't come because I was busy.
- Nu am putut veni pentru ea am fost ocupat.
Would not - forma prescurtata wouldn't 1 wouldn't tell you the truth if I didn't trust you.
- Nu ti-a~ spune adevaruI daea nu a~ avea incredere in tine.
LECTIA 29 ,
PARTEA iNTA.I
Prima parte a leqiei se refera la trecerea timpului. Cititi cu voce tare noile cuvinte ~i retineti traducerea lor in limba romana: season
> [si:zn]
- anotimp
moment
> [maumimt]
- moment, clipa
midnight
> [ midnait]
- miezul noptii
noon
> [nu:n]
- amiaza, miezul zilei
fortnight
> [ fo:'tnait]
- doua saptamani
weekday
> l ui:kdci]
- zi lucratoare
leap-year
> [li:p iia']
- an bisect
century
> [sent-;;ari]
- seeol
the day before yesterday
> [D/a dei bifo:' iesta'dei]
- alaltaieri
the day after tomorrow
> [ D/a dei a: fta' tfll110raU]
- poimaine
past
> [pa:st]
- treeut
future
> [ fiu:t~il']
- vii tor
l'
lata-Ie aCllm in alta ordine:
past
> [pa:st]
- trecut
noon
> [nu:n]
- amiaza, miezul zilei
season
> [si:zn]
- anotimp
the day before yesterday
> l Df a dei bifo:' iestil'dei]
- alaltaieri
fortnight
> [ fo:'tnait]
- doua saptamani
moment
> [maum,jnt]
- moment, clipa
future
>
the day after tomorrow
> [D/a dei a:fta' tall1orau]
- poimaine
midnight
> [midnait]
- miezul noptii
weekday
> ["i:kelci]
- zi lucratoare
century
> l sent-;;ari]
- seeol
leap-year
> [li:p id]
- an bisect
2
[fiu:t~a']
- viitor
,
Acum vom folosi cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
Which is the season you like best?
> ("it~ IZ D'a sLzn Ill: 1alk best]
- Care este anotimpul care iti place eel mai mult?
Wait a moment.
> ["eit a mallmant]
-
They came after midnight.
> [IYcl kcnl1 a:fta' midnait]
- Ei au venit dupa miezul noptii.
I'll be there at noon.
> [ail bi: D/ea T Et nu:n]
- Yoi fi acolo la amiaza.
She died a fortnight ago.
>
Monday is a weekday.
> [mandel
This year is a leap-year.
> [IYis /la' iz a li:r ii'l']
- Anul acesta este un an bisect.
This is the twentieth century.
> [D/is iz lYa t"entiaT' sen t~an]
- Acesta este secolul xx.
We met the day before yesterday.
> ["i: mct (Ya clci biro: T iesta'clel]
- Ne-am intiilnit alaltaieri.
Wait till the day after tomorrow.
> ["etl til D/a dci a:tta'
-
I like reading about the past.
> [ai lalk rLcl1l1 1g1 aballt IYa pa:st]
- Imi place sa citesc despre trecut.
What will the future bring us?
> [liat "il D/a brin lgl as]
- Ce ne va aduce viitorul?
[~I:
child a [o:'tnait agiiu]
IZ
a "/:kdc/]
A~teapta 0
clipa!
- Ea a murit aCllm doua saptamfll1i. - Lunea este
A~teapta
0
zi lucratoare.
pana poimaine!
tamorall]
tlu:t~aT
In continuare completati propozitiile cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Nu ma culc niciodata inainte de miezul noptii.
- I never go to bed before >mldnight.
Accidentul a avut loc alaltaieri.
- The accident happened the >day before yesterday.
De ce exista ani bisecti?
- Why are there >Ieap-years?
Toate erau mai bune in trecut.
- Everything was better in the >past.
La amiaza ploua.
- It was raining at >noon.
Yara este anotimpul eel mai fierbinte al anului.
- Summer is the hottest >season of the year.
Nu
~tim
- We don't know anything about the >fllture.
nimic despre viitor.
- They will marry the >clay after tomolTo\\'.
Ei se vor casatori poimaine. Secolul douazeei in cudind.
~i
unu va incepe
- The twenty-first >century will start soon.
o clipa, va rog.
- A >momcnt, please.
Luerezi in fiecare zi lucratoare?
- Do you work on all >wcekdays?
Yor pleca peste doua saptamani.
- They are leaving in a >fortnight.
3
lar acum traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele: an bisect
> leap-year
moment
> moment
alaltaieri
> the day before yesterday
amiaza
> noon
trecut
> past
zi lucratoare
> weekday
viitor
> future
doua saptamani
> fortlllght
miezul noptii
> ITIldnight
secol
> century
anotimp
> season
poimaine
> the day after tomorrow
in continuare yom prezenta utilizarea participiului -ing. Participiul-ing in limba englezii se folose~tefrecvent in propozitii asemiiniitoare exemplelor de mai jos:
- Cand am intrat in camera I-am vazut lamasa.
When I entered the room, I saw him at the table.
Pentru prescurtarea propozitiei subordonate, partea de propozitie scrisa accentuat se participiul -ing:
inlocuie~te
cu
- lntrand in camera I-am vazut la masa.
Entering the room, I saw him at the table.
in exemplele de mai sus afi observat, desiguy, cii atat propozifia subordonatii, in care apare forma de participiu prezent entering, cat ~i propozitia principalii care contine verbul saw, au acela~i subiect, pronumele I. Participiul prezent se traduce in limba romtinii prin gerunziu.
lata cateva exemple in care am utilizat participiul prezent: u~a,
When I opened the door, 1saw the children in the room.
- Cand am deschis copiii in camera.
Opening the door, I saw the children in the room.
- Deschizand u~a, i-am vazut pe copii in camera.
If they fire these people, they will make
a mistake.
- Daca-i concediaza pe ace~ti oameni, ei vor face 0 gre~eala.
Firing these people, they will make a mistake.
- Concediind o gre~eala.
4
ace~ti
am vazut
oameni ei vor face
Acum alcatuiti constructii asemanatoare celor prezentate anterior ~i completati cu ele propozitiile in limba engleza: Uitandu-se pe geam, Mark i-a vazut.
- >Looking through the window, Mark saw them.
De pe munte se vedea marea.
- >Standmg on the mountain, we could see the sea.
A~teptand autobuzul, ea a vazut cat de intens este traficul.
- > Waiting for the bus, she saw that there was a lot of traffic.
Citind scrisoarea, nu-mi venea sa-mi cred ochilor.
- > Rcading the letter, I couldn't believe my eyes.
Ascultand muzica, el a uitat de timp.
- > Listening to the music, he forgot the time.
Conducand spre casa, el a auzit la radio.
~tirile
- >Driving home, he heard the news on the radio.
Vazand camera, Anne a spus ca nu este destul de mare. Fiind sarac, John nu cama~a noua.
~i-a
- >Seeing the room, Anne said it wasn't large enough.
putut cumpara
- >Being poor, John couldn't buy a new shirt for himself.
0
"Being poor, John couldn't buy a new shirt for himself."
Acum urmeaza un grup de cuvinte noi, care se refera tot la timp: a.m.
> [clemJ
p.m.
> [pi:emJ
formerly
> [1'o:'ma'1IJ
- altadata, odinioara
one day
>["an deIJ
- intr-o zi
in (the) future
> [Ill (D/a) fiu:tsa'J
- in viitor
- prescurtare de la antemeridian, inainte de pranz - prescurtare de la postmeridian, dupa amiaza
5
lata cuvintele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi cu atentie:
A:
What do I have to do today, Jane?
B:
At nine a.m. you have a meeting with the management.
A:
I remember. And at eight p.m. I have dinner with Peter.
B:
Yes, that's right. Today you have a lot to do between the meeting and dinner.
A:
I think I didn't have much work formerly.
B:
No, you didn't. But it's changed recently.
A:
I hope I can have a holiday one day.
B:
Yes, in the future, but not now.
Sa exersam fiecare propozitie in parte. Atentie la pronuntie: What do I have to do today, Jane?
> [\lot du al hEy tu du. tadel dJcm]
- Ce am de Iacut azi, Jane?
At nine a.m. you have a meeting with the management.
> l £t nam clem IU: hEv a mi:tlll(~1 "lDI
- La noua dimineata yeti avea 0 ~edinta cu administratia.
I remember.
>
And at eight p.m. I have dinner with Peter.
> [End Et cit pl:em dina' \lIlY pi:ta']
Yes, that's right.
>
Today you have a lot to do between the meeting and dinner.
> [tadel IU: hE\ a lot tu duo blt"i:n D/ a l1li.tll1 lg ) End dina']
- Azi aveti multe de Iacut intre ~edinta ~i cina.
I think I didn't have much work formerly.
> [ai T'inlg1k al didnt hEv l1lat~ "ark fo: r ma'li]
- Cred ca altadata nu aveam mult de lucru.
No, you didn't.
> [nau IU: didnt]
- Intr-adevar.
But it's changed recently.
> l bat Its
I hope I can have a holiday one day.
> [al haup
- Sper ea intr-o zi sa pot sa merg in concediu.
Yes, in the future, but not now.
> llcS III IYa fllJ:t~a' bat not n:lu]
- Oa, in viitor, dar nu aeum.
D/a mEnldJl1lant] [al
- Imi amintesc.
nmemba']
[/CS
al
hEv
-
~i la opt seara iau cina cu Peter.
- Oa,
DIEts ra/t]
t~cmclJd
ri:sntlI]
a~a
este.
- Dar in ultima vreme s-a schimbat.
Iar aeum sa exersam euvintele noi. Completati propozitiile urmatoare: Luerul incepe la opt dimineata.
- Work starts at 8 > a m.
In viitor ea va trebui sa serie toate serisorile.
- She will have to write all letters > III thc future.
La
~ase
- At 6 > p.m. the shops are closed.
seara magazineIe sunt inchise.
Intr-o zi rna vei intelege.
- >Onc dayyou will understand me.
inainte nu erau multe ma~ini.
- > Formcrlythere were not many cars. 6
Urmeaza un exercitiu de traducere. Traduceti cuvintele In limba engleza: Intr-o zi
> one day
dupa pranz
> p.m.
altadata, odinioara
> fonnerly
Inainte de pranz
> a.m.
in viitor
> in (the) future
in lecriile anterioare am studiat imperativulla persoana a II-a singular # plural. La celelalte persoane, atat la singular cat ~i la plural, pentru formarea imperativului se folose$te verbullet [let] - a permite, a ingadui, a lasa. De exemplu: Let me read it!
- Lasa-ma sa 0 citesc!
Let them invite us!
- Lasa-i sa ne invite!
Let her take the car!
- Las-o sa ia ma~ina!
Let us finish it now!
- Lasa-ne sa terminam acum!
Fonna contrasa a lui "let us" este "Iet's" [lets], de exemplu: - Samergem!
Let's go!
Sa utilizam regulile Invatate anterior In unnatorul exercitiu de traducere. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: Lasa-l sa uite asta repede!
> Let hun forget about it fast'
Sa cinam azi acasa!
> Let's ha\'e dll1ner at home today!
Lasa-i sa vina aici!
> Let them come here'
Lasa-ma sa rna uit!
> Let me see It!
lata cateva verbe noi: to appear
>[tu apia']
a aparea, a se
to disappear
>[tu dlsapia']
a disparea
to describe
>[tu dlskralb]
a descrie, a prezenta
to bury
>[tu ben]
a ingropa, a inmormanta
to leap
>[tu It:pj
a sari, a salta
Verbul to leap este un verb neregulat. lata forme Ie sale: forma I
forma a II-a
forma a III-a
leap>llIpj
leapt >llcpt]
leapt >[leptJ 7
intati~a,
a se vedea
Acum urmariti folosirea verbelor noi in propozitii: The car appeared behind the corner.
> [D'a ka:' apia'd bihamd D/a ko:'na']
The shoplifter disappeared.
> [D'a ~op!Ifta' dlsapia'd]
She described the thief to the policeman.
>
Where have they buried him?
> ["ea' hEy D'ei berid him]
- Unde I-au ingropat?
The children leapt across the ditch.
> [D/a t~ildran [ept akros
- Copiii au sarit peste
-
I
[~I:
diskralbd D/a T'i:f tu DZa pali:smEn]
Ma~ina
a aparut dupa colt.
- Hotul de magazine a disparut. - Ea a descris hotul politistului.
D/adlt~]
~ant·
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu verbele corespunzatoare: Soarele a disparut in spatele norilor.
- The sun >has disappeared behind the clouds.
Oind va aparea din nou?
- When will he >appear again?
Poti sa descrii spargatorul?
- Can you >describe the burglar?
Cand vor fi inmormantati
ace~ti
- When will these people >be buried?
oameni?
Avioanele au aparut in departare.
- The aeroplanes >appeared in the distance.
Daca sari poti sa-ti rupi piciorul.
- >Leaping you can break your leg.
Dati echivalentul in limba engleza pentru urmatoarele verbe: a ingropa, a inmormanta
> to burry
a aparea, a se infuti~a
> to appear
a disparea
> to disappear
a descrie
> to describe
a sari
>to leap
Am inviifat deja cum se scriu I.
2.
~i
se citesc datele in limba englezii. Acum vom inviila cum se citesc anii:
Denumiri/e ani/or compu~i din trei cifre se citesc dupii cum urmeazii: 537
- five hundred and thirty-seven
966
- nine hundred and sixty-six
Denumiri/e ani/or formali din patru cifre, dintre care ultimele douii sunt zero, sunt citite ca multiplu de sute: 1700
- seventeen hundred (,,~aptesprezece sute")
2000
- twenty hundred ("douazeci de sute")
8
3.
4.
Celelalte numere din patru cifre se impart in dOUG grupuri sunt citite ca dOUG numere de cate dOUG cifre: 1995
- nineteen ninety-five ("nouasprezece nouazeci ~i cinci")
1961
- nineteen sixty-one ("nouasprezece unu")
~aizeci ~i
DacG a treia cifrG este 0 - zero, acesta se cite~te ca $i oh [au] : - eighteen oh six ("optsprezece zero ~ase")
1806
lata cateva exemple de propozitii in care am folosit anii: Our teacher was born in 1961 (nineteen sixty-one). - Profesorul nostru s-a nascut in 1961. - in 1953 am stat in Anglia.
1 lived in England in 1953 (nineteen fifty-three).
lar acum traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: S-a intimplat in 753.
> It happened in seven hundred and fifty-three.
Aceasta casa a fost construita in 1800.
> This house was built in eighteen hundred.
in 1999 voi termina ~coala.
> In mnetcen ninety-nme I will finish school.
in ultimul exercitiu al lectiei yom recapitula cele invatate pana acum. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: Alaltaieri, mergand la ~coala m-am oprit langa acest magazin.
> Going to school the day before yesterday, 1 stopped near this shop.
Sa incercam sa ne intalnim la pranz.
> Let's try to meet at noon.
Peste doua saptamani va fi 1999.
> [t will be nineteen ninety-nine in a fortnight.
Vara este eel mai frumos anotimp?
> Is summer the nicest season?
Odinioara nu erau multe
> Formerly there weren't many towns.
ora~e.
Am vrut sa-i spun ceva, dar el a disparut.
> I \\ anted to tell him something but he disappeared.
lntrand in casa, el a aprins lumina.
> Entcllng the house, he switched on the light.
9
LECTIA 29 - PARTEA A DOVA , lata un alt grup de cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu atentie ~i urmariti traducerea in limba romiina: absence
> [Ebsans]
- absenta, !ipsa
birthday
> [ba:'Tsdei]
- zi de
delay
> l dilei]
- intarziere, amanare
display
> [displei]
- etalare, expunere,
number
> [namba']
- numar
occasIOn
> [ake(jan]
- ocazle
opportunity
> [opa'Uu:niti]
- prilej favorabil, moment potrivit
patience
>
presence
> [prezans]
- prezenta
second hand
> [sekand hEnd]
- secundar (al ceasului)
trip
> [trip]
- excursie, calatorie, deplasare
word
> [ua:rd]
- cuviint
Exersati cuvintele
~i
[pei~ans]
na~tere
afi~aj
- rabdare
in alta ordine: [pei~ans]
patience
>
second hand
> [sekand hEnd]
- secundar (al ceasului)
delay
> [dileiJ
- intarziere, amiinare
presence
> [prezans]
- prezenFi
occasion
> [akeij,ln]
- ocazle
trip
> [trip]
- excursie, calatorie, deplasare
birthday
> [ba:'T'dei]
- zi de
opportunity
> [oparUu:niti]
- prilej favorabil, moment potrivit
display
> [displei]
- etalare, expunere,
word
> [",L rd]
- cuvant
number
> [namba']
- numar
absence
> [Ebs
- absenta, !ipsa
10
- rabdare
na~tere
afi~aj
•
lata cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi-le cu voce tare: It was a nice trip.
> [It "oz a nais trip]
- A fost
There is a large number of hotels in that town.
> [LYea' iz a \a:'dj namba' av hautelz 111 IYEt taun]
- EXlsta un numar mare de hoteluri in acel ora~.
My watch has a small display. > [mal
"at~
0
excursie placuta.
hEz a smol chsplcl] - Ceasul meu are
afi~ajul
mic.
This clock has a second hand. > [O/IS k10k hEz a sekand hEndJ - Acest ceas are secundar. Can I have a word with you?
> l kEn al hEv a "a:'d "ilY IU:]
- Pot vorbi cu tine?
The train had a delay.
> [O/a tt em hEd a dilei]
- Trenul a avut intarziere.
I met her on the occasion of your birthday.
> [al met ha:' on IYi akeljan m 10.' ba:'T'del]
- Am intalnit-o cu ocazia zilei tale de na~tere.
Today is her twenty-second birthday.
> l tadel IZ ha o' t"entl sekand ba:'1'del]
- Astazi ea impline~te douazeci ~i doi de ani.
He is waiting for an opportunity.
> [hi: iz "citin(gl fo:' an opa'tlU:nitl]
- El a~teapta un moment potrivit.
Have a little patience!
> [hEy a lit!
I will do it dUrIng their absence.
> [al till duo It dlUann lgl O"el' Ebsans]
- VOl face asta in absenta lor.
You cannot say that in her presence.
> [IU: kEnot sei fYU in ha:' prezans]
- Nu poti spune asta in prezenta ei.
pel~ans]
- Ai putina rabdare!
Expresia to have a word with somebody inseamna a vorbi cu cineva (a schimba 0 yorba cu cineva).
lar acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Ea a dat petrecerea cu ocazia casatoriei noastre.
- She gave the party on the >occaSlon of our wedding.
Am avut un alt prilej favorabil mai tarziu.
- I had another >opportunlty later.
Absenta lor a fost alarmanta.
- Their >absence was alarming.
Secundarul este stricat.
- The >second-hand is broken.
El nu a spus nimic.
- He didn't say a >worcl.
Un numar de oameni au fost concediati.
- A >nulllbel of people were fired.
Excursia noastra a fost doar una scurta.
- Our >1111' was only a short one.
Afi~ajul arata
- The >cJlsphl\ shows numbers.
numere.
11
- There were no > delays.
Nu au fost intarzieri. Ziua mea de
na~tere
- My > birthday is on the ninth.
este in data de noua.
Ea i~i pierde adesea rabdarea cu copiii ei.
- She often loses> patience with her children.
Voi scrie scrisoarea in prezenta tao
- I'll write the letter in your >presence.
Traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele: > absence
absenta, lipsa zi de
> birthday
na~tere
rabdare
> patIence
intarziere
> delay
prezenta
> presence
cuvant
> word
prilej favorabil
> opportunity
excursie
> tnp
> dIsplay secundar (al ceasului)
> second hand
numar
> number
ocazie
> occasIOn
Sii ne i'ntoarcem la propozi{ia condi{ionalii de tipul I. Propozi{ia subordonatii condi{iona!ii poate fi introdusii ~i de unless [anles], care inseamnii if not - daca nu, in afarii de cazu! cando Fo!osind unless cu sensu! de if not, predicatu! propozi{iei subordonate nu mai poate fi negat, pentru cii in limba englezii nu existii nega{ie dub/ii:
Daca nu vii la yom intirzia.
~apte,
Vom incepe lucrul daca nu apare.
- If you don't come at 7 we will be late.
- Unless you come at 7 we will be late.
- We will start to work if he doesn't appear.
- We will start to work unless he appears.
Pe baza exemplelor de mai sus, traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Daca nu mananci, nu mergem la gradina zoologica.
> Unless you eat we \\on't go to the zoo.
Daca nu ploua, mergem pc jos.
> Unless It lams we will go on foot.
Daca nu ai bani, iti voi imprumuta.
> Unless you ha\ e money 1 WIll lend you.
Daca nu voi primi maine ii voi scrie.
> [ wlll write to h11n unless I get a letter tomO!TO\\.
0
scrisoare,
> Unless you tell them they \\on't kno\\ ho\\ to do It.
Daca nu Ie spui, ei nu vor ~ti cum sa faca asta. 12
lata cuvinte si expresii noi: second-hand
> [sekand hEnd]
- uzat, folosit, de la mana a doua
occasionally
> [akcljanalI]
- din ciind in cand, uneori, de oazie
actually
> [Ekt~ua1i]
- intr-adevar, in realitate, de fapt
sharp
>
digital
> [didjital]
- digital
to be fast
>[tu bl: fa:st]
- a se grabi/a fi inainte (ceasul)
to be slow
>[tu bl: slau]
- a intarzia/a ramane in urma (ceasul)
[~a:'p]
- ascutit, precis, exact
Yeti gasi cuvintele noi in acest scurt dialog. Cititi cu atentie:
A:
What a nice watch you have got!
B:
Oh, thanks. I occasionally bought a new watch.
A:
Is it digital?
B:
Yes, it is. But actually, it's not new. It's a second-hand watch.
A:
Does it keep sharp time?
B:
Oh, no. I wish it did. Now it's two minutes fast. Yesterday it was one minute slow.
Sa citim propozitiile separat. Exersati pronuntia: What a nice watch you have got!
> ["ot a nais "ot~ iu' hEy got]
- Ce ceas frumos ai!
Dh, thanks.
>[au TSEn(glks]
- Dh, multumesc.
I occasionally met Fred and I bought a watch from him.
>[ai akeljanall met fred End
- M-am intalnit intamplator cu Fred ~i am cumparat un eeas de la el.
Is it digital?
>[ iz It didJltaI]
- Este digital?
Yes, it is.
>[Ies it iz]
- Da.
But actually it's not new.
>[bat
It's a second-hand watch.
>[ Its a sckand hEnd
Does it keep sharp time?
>l daz It kJ:p ~a:'p talln]
- Merge bine?
Dh,no.
>[ au nau]
- Dh,nu.
I wish it did.
>[ ai "i~ It dId]
-
Now it's two minutes fast.
>[nau its tu: minlts fa:st]
- Aeum
Yesterday it was one minute slow.
>[/csta'del it "oz
- leri a intirziat un minut.
ai bo:t a
"ot~
Ekt~uali
from him]
its not n/u:]
"an minlt slau]
13
Uot~]
- Dar, de fapt nu este nou. - Este un ceas folosit.
A~
vrea sa mearga. grabe~te eu
doua minute.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc: Vei avea nevoie de un cutit ascutit pentru asta.
- You'll need a > sharp knife for thIs.
Uneori trebuie sa ridicam bani.
- We have to withdraw money> occasionally.
Ei nu-i place sa cumpere lucruri uzate.
- She doesn't like buying > second-hand things.
Ceasul a ramas in urma din nou.
- The clock> is slow again.
Ceasurile digitale nu sunt scumpe.
- > Digital watches are not expensive.
Ceasullor nu
- Their clock> is hardly ever fast
0
ia inainte niciodata.
- He looks very young but he's> actually 50.
El arata foarte tanar, dar de fapt are 50 de ani.
Urmeaza un exercitiu de traducere. Traduceti expresiile urmatoare in limba engleza: a ramane in urma (ceasul)
> to be slow
uzat, folosit
> second-hand
ascutit, precis
>
din cand in cand, uneori
> occasionaJly
a merge inamte (ceasul)
> to be fast
~harp
Partea de gramaticii a lec!iei se referii la verbele care au douii complemente: complement direct
- raspunde la intrebarile "pe cine? ce?"
complement indirect
- raspunde la intrebarea "cui?"
Atunci cdnd complementul indirect stii inaintea celui direct, structura propozi!iei este urmiitoarea: - Ea mi-a dat 0 carte.
She gave me a book.
Ordinea complementelor poate fi schimbatii, dar, in acest caz, inaintea complementului indirect se folosef}te particula to: - Ea mi-a dat 0 carte.
She gave a book to me.
Sa incercam sa traducem propozitiile in limba engleza pe baza celor doua constructii de mai sus: Imi vei arata camera ta?
> WIll you show me your room'! > WIll you show your room to me'?
Le-am descris acel accident.
> I have descnbed them that accident. > I have descnbed that accident to them.
Da-i (lui) mai multa pame.
> (JIve hIm more bread' > (JI\e more bread to hnn' 14
lata acum un grup de verbe noi: to dial
>[tll daial]
~
to fix
>[tll fiks]
- a fixa, a consolida, a prinde
to mend
>[tu mend]
- arepara
to ring
>[tu rm lg )]
- a suna
to strike
> [ tu straik]
- a lovi, a bate
Dintre acestea to ring
~i
a forma un numar
to strike sunt verbe neregulate. lata formele lor:
forma I
forma a II-a
forma a III-a
ring >[rilt"]
rang
>[ rEn(g)]
rung
>[ rani g)]
strike> [straik]
struck
>[ strak]
struck
>[strak]
lata acum verbele noi in propozitii. Atentie la pronuntie: My watch will be mended tomorrow.
>[mai "ot:;; lid bi: mcndid tamorau]
- Ceasul meu va fi reparat maine.
The clock struck twelve.
>[ D/a klok strak t"elv]
- Ceasul a batut ora douasprezece.
Have you fixed a date already? >[hEv
Ill:
fikst a dclt o:lredi]
- Ati fixat deja
0
data?
I dialled John's number.
>[al datald dionz namba']
- Am format numarullui John.
The telephone has rung all afternoon.
>[IYa teld~lUn hEz ran lg ) 0:1 a:fta'nu:n]
- Telefonul a sunat toata dupa-amiaza.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza, folosind cuvintele noi: Ceasul tocmai batea ora patru cand am venit acasa.
- The clock >was striking four when we came home.
Cine ti-a reparat ceasul?
- Who >has mended your watch?
Ei au fixat
- They >fixed a date for the wedding.
0
data pentru nunta lor.
Ea a format numarul corect?
- >Has she >cllalled the right number?
I-ai sunat deja?
- >11<1\ C you >rung them yet?
Traduceti in limba engleza verbele urmatoare:
a forma un numar
> to cllal
- a fixa
> tn fix
a suna
> to
- a repara
> tn mend
a lovi, a bate
> to stn ke
Il!1g
15
Iar acum urmeaza ultimul exercitiu allectiei. Incepeti rezolvarea temei pentru acasa doar dupa ce ati rezolvat rara gre~eala acest exercitiu: In drum spre birou am vazut un accident gray.
> Walking to my office, [ saw a serious accident.
Auzind vorbele lui nu m-am putut abtine sa nu zambesc.
> Hearmg his words, 1 couldn't help smiling.
Traind la tara, ea nu a vazut niciodata un aeroport modem.
> Living in the country, she has never seen a modem airport.
Cii~tigand
> Eaming little money, he couldn't buy much.
putin, el nu a putut cumpara mult.
Mobila a fost recent livrata.
> The furniture has recently been delivered.
Intr-o zi nu voi mai avea multa rabdare cuei.
> One day I will not have much patience with them.
Negocierile vor avea [oc in 1999.
> The negotiations will be in nineteen nll1ety-mne.
Daca nu scrii aceasta scrisoare, nu yom merge la plimbare.
> Unless you write this letter we won't go for a walk.
Ceasul meu ramane mereu in urma.
> My watch is always slow.
Nu Ie voi da
ace~ti
bani.
> I won't give them this money. > I won't give this money to them.
Lasa-I sa cumpere un numar mare de pahare noi.
Urmeaza
obi~nuitul exercitiu
> Let him buy a big number of new glasses.
de pronuntie. Repetati urmatoarele grupuri de cuvinte:
[i:]
[ u:]
l i]
[ei]
leap
noon
fix
display
season
soon
ring
patience
mean
moon
bring
occasion
seen
food
sing
day
green
spoon
digital
raise
16
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 29 , 29.1. In locul unei propozitii subordonate putem folosi participiul prezent (forma -ing). When I entered the room, I saw him at the table.
- Cand am intrat in camera, I-am vazut la masa.
Entering the room, I saw him at the table.
- Intrand in camera, I-am vazut la masa.
29.2. Modul imperatlv 29.2.1. La toate persoanele, (cu exceptia persoanei a II-a) atat la singular cat ~i la plural, imperativuJ se formeaza cu ajutoruJ verbului let - a permite, a ingadui, a lasa. Let me do it!
- (Lasa-ma) sa fac asta!
Let them invite us!
- (Lasa-i) sa ne invite!
Let her take the car!
- (Las-o) sa ia ma~ina!
Let us finish it now!
- (Lasa-ne) sa terminam acum!
29.2.2. Forma scurta pentru let us este let's, de exemplu: Let's go!
- Samergem!
29.3. Citirea anilor 29.3.l.Anul format din trei cifre se
cite~te
dupa cum urmeaza:
537
- five hundred and thirty-seven
966
- nine hundred and sixty-six
29.3.2.Anii formati din patru cifre, dintre care ultimele doua sunt zero, sunt cititi ca multiplu de sute. De exemplu: 1700
- seventeen hundred (,,~aptesprezece sute")
2000
- twenty hundred ("douazeci de sute")
29.3.3. in alte cazuri anii din patru cifre diferite se impart in doua grupuri ~i se citesc ca atare: 1995
- nineteen ninety-five ("nouasprezece, nouazeci ~i cinci")
1961
- nineteen sixty-one ("nouasprezece, ~i unu·')
~aizeci
29.3.4. Daca a treia din cele 4 cifre este ,,0", acesta se cite~te "oh": - eighteen oh six ("optsprezece zero ~ase")
1806
17
29.4. Propozitia conditionala de tipul 1. Propozitia subordonata conditionala poate fi introdusa ~i cu cuvantul unless in loc de if. Semnificatia lui unless este ifnot - daca nu, in afara de cazul cando Folosind unless cu sensul de if not predicatul prepozitiei subordonate este obligatoriu la forma afirmativa. Daca nu vii la ~apte, vom intirzia.
29.5. Complementul direct
- If you don't come at 7, we will be late.
~i
Unless you come at 7, we will be late.
indirect
Unele verbe pot avea doua complemente: direct
- raspunde la intrebarile "pe cine?, ce?"
indirect
- raspunde la intrebarea "cui?"
Cand complementul indirect 11 precede pe cel direct, atunci structura propozitiei este urmatoarea: She gave me a book.
- Ea mi-a dat 0 carte.
Ordinea complementelor poate fi schimbata, dar In acest caz complementul indirect este precedat de to: - Ea mi-a dat 0 carte.
She gave a book to me.
18
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 29 A
B.
C.
Traduceti urmatoarcle propozitii in Iimba romana:
1.
Reading the newspaper, I couldn't believe the news.
2.
Unless she earns enough, she won't go on holiday.
3.
Let's open all the windows in the house.
4.
Let John go there and find it.
5.
Why don't you want to show the picture to me?
6.
She will arrive in a fortnight at noon.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: 1.
Ce vei face in viitor?
2.
(Lasa-i) sa ne povesteasca ei aceasta intimplare!
3.
Daca nu vei fi serios, intr-o zi n-o sa te mai credo
4.
Vrand sa repare radioul, ell-a stricat.
5.
Avem un prilej sa mergem intr-o excursie.
6.
I-am dat lui ceasul meu digital (2 variante de traducere).
Scrieti urmatoarele date cu litere:
1.
1782
2.
795
3.
1900
4.
2005
5.
3000
19
" PARTEA "INTAI
LECTIA 30 ,
lncepem lectia cu un grup de substantive noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la sensullor In limba romana: answer
> [a:nsa r]
- raspuns
appearance
> [apiarans]
- aparitie, ivire,
attempt
> [atempt]
- Incercare, tentativa
collection
>
environment
> [invainlnmant]
- mediu, ambianta
habit
> [ hEbit]
- obicei, deprindere
headline
> [hedlain]
- titlu (In ziar)
history
> [histari]
- istorie
mornmg paper
> [mo:rnin(g) peipa r] - ziar de dimineata
promise
> [promis]
- promlslUne
subject
> [sabdjikt]
- subiect, tema, materie
subscription
>
[kalek~n]
[sabskrip~n ]
Inrati~are
- coleqie
- abonament
Repetati cuvintele Intr-o alta ordine:
= "i
~~!IIIII!IIIi!
.... ith some of fa '!!!!!!!iij~lle.rid'sYou say I :8 I: :. strongI
headline
> [hedlain]
- titlu (In ziar)
history
> [histari]
- istorie
environment
> [invairanmant]
- mediu, ambianta
subscription
>
[sabskrip~n ]
- abonament
collection
>
[kalek~n]
- colectie
attempt
> [atempt]
mornmg paper
> [mo:rnin(g) peipa r] - ziar de dimineata
answer
> [ a:nsa r]
- raspuns
promise
> [promis]
- promlSlUne
appearance
> [apiarans]
- aparitie,
habit
> [hEbit]
- obicei, deprindere
subject
> [sabdjikt]
- subiect, tema, materie
I
=
l....
20
- Incercare, tentativa
Inrati~are
lata acum cuvintele noi In propozitii: She gave me no answer.
> [~i geiv mi: nall ansa']
- Ea nu mi-a raspuns.
We learn from history.
> [ lI i: la:rn from histari]
- Invatam din istorie.
I like reading about that subject.
> [ai laik ri:din lg ) abaut DIEt sabdjikt]
- Imi place sa citesc despre subiectul acela.
The attempt was useless.
> [D1i atempt lI oz iu:slis]
- Incercarea a fost rara rost.
It is his habit to have a late breakfast.
> [it iz hiz hEbit tll hEv a lelt brekfast]
- EI are obiceiul sa ia tarziu micul-dejun.
We have to clean up our environment.
> [ lI i: hEy tll kli:n ap alia' invairanmant]
- Trebuie sa curatam mediul nostru Inconjurator.
Do you want to see my stamp-collection?
> [du ill: lI ant tll si: mai stEmp kalek~n]
- Vrei sa vezi colectia mea de timbre?
Their appearance excited us.
> [D1ei' apiarans iksaitid as]
- Aparitia lor ne-a bucurat.
You have to keep your promise.
> [ill: hEy tu ki:p 10:' promis]
- Trebuie sa-ti tii promisiunea.
The news is in the morning papers.
> [DZa nill:Z iz in DZa mo:rnm lg ) - ~tirea este In ziarele peipa'z] de dimineata.
I read only the headlines.
> [ai ri:d aunli D1a hedlainz]
He has had a subscription for many years.
> [hi: hEz hEd a fa:' meni iJa'z]
sabskrip~n
- Citesc doar titlurile principale. - EI are un abonament de multi ani.
In continuare sa exersam folosirea cuvintelor noi. Completati urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Mediul (nostru) Inconjurator este foarte important. - Our >enVlronment is very important. ~i
a doua sa Incercare a e~uat.
- Also his second >attempt failed.
Crezi col istoria era 0 materie placuta la ~coala?
- Did you think >history was a nice >sllbject in school?
Abonamentul este mai ieftin.
- The >sllbscription is cheaper.
Citesc intotdeauna ziarul de dimineata.
- I always read the >morning-paper.
Ei au
- They have an impressive >collection.
0
colectie impresionanta.
- These are bad >habits.
Acestea sunt obiceiuri proaste. El nu
cunoa~te
- He doesn't know the >answer.
raspunsul.
Nu promite prea mult!
- Don't give too many >promises!
21
Infati~area ei ne-a facut sa zambim.
- Her >appearance made us smile.
Ai citit titlurile principale?
- Have you read the >headlines?
"Her appearance made us smile."
Ati retinut cuvintele noi? Traduceti in limba engleza: ziar de dimineata
> mornmg paper
incercare, tentativa, experienta
> attempt
aparitie,
infati~are
> appearance
titlu (in ziar)
> headline
promisiune
> promise
abonament
> subscnptlOn
raspuns
> answer
subiect, terna
> subJect
obicei
> habIt
mediu, inconjurator
> en, Ironment
colectie
> collectIon
istorie
> hist'lry
Adverbele once -["ans] - 0 data, twice -l tll,II~J - de doua ori, sunt jolosite joarte des pentru a exprima frecventa cu care se petrece 0 actiune. Celelalte adverbe se jormeazii cu ajutorul unui numeral $i al substantivului time: three times, four times etc.
22
Traduce1i urmatoarele propozi1ii, folosind cuvintele inva1ate anterior: Am citit de cinci ori aceasta carte.
> I have read this book five times.
L-am intalnit
> I have met him once.
Gande~te-te
0
singura data.
de doua ori inainte de a spune ceva.
> I have lost the keys thl ee times already.
Am pierdut cheile deja de trei ori.
lata din nou expresii
~i
> Think twice before you say something.
cuvinte noi:
just in time
> [dpst in taim]
- toemai la timp
in the meantime
> [in DZami:ntaim]
- intre timp, pana una alta, deocamdata
wait a minute
> [Ueit a minit]
-
a~teapta
pU1in/o clipa, ai pU1ina
rabdare plenty of time
> [plcnti av taim]
- timp destul
Urmari1i expresiile noi in urmatorul dialog. Citi1i eu aten1ie:
A:
There is an interesting film on at the cinema today.
B:
What time does it start?
A:
At eight. We have plenty of time. In the meantime we can do some shopping.
B:
Certainly. It's six now. We'll do the shopping and get to the cinema just in time.
A:
Wait a minute! I've forgotten we have no money! We can't buy anything.
Sa citim propozi1iile din text separat: There is an interesting film on at the cinema today.
> [DZear iz an intrastm{g) film - Este un film interesant on Et DZa sinama tadei] la cinematograf astazi.
What time does it start?
> [liot taim Jaz it start]
- La ee ora incepe?
At eight.
> [Et eit]
- La opt.
We have plenty of time.
> [lIl: hEv plenti av taim]
- Avem timp destul.
In the meantime we can do some shopping.
> [in D/a mi:ntaim U1: kEn Ju: - Intre timp putem face ni~te cumparaturi. sam ~opin(g)]
Certainly.
> [sa:rtanli]
- Desigur.
It's six now.
> [its slks nau]
- Acum este ~ase.
We'll do the shopping and get to the cinema just in time.
> [Ui:l du: D/a ~llpin(g) End get tu DZa sinima dJ ast in taim]
- Vom face cumparaturile ~i vom ajunge tocmai la timp la cinematograf.
Wait a minute!
> [lieit a milllt]
23
A~teapta
pU1in!
I've forgotten we have no money!
> [a/v forgotn nau manl]
We can't buy anything!
> ["I: ka.nt bal eniT'm(g)]
tlJ:
hEv
- Am uitat, nu avem bani!
- Nu putem sa cumparam nimic.
Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Stai putin,
~i
- >Walt a minute, and your tickets?
biletele tale?
Am ajuns tocmai la timp ca sa vedem plecarea lor.
- We were >just in time to see their departure.
A fost timp suficient pentru a inapoia cartea.
- There was >plenty of time to return the book.
Intre timp Ia curat in camera tal
- >In the meantime clean your room.
Urmeaza din nou
0
traducere:
stai putin
> walt a minute
- intre timp
> m the meantIme
tocmai la timp
> just in time
- timp berechet
> plenty of time
in afara de adjectivele daily, weekly, folosite ~i ca adverbe, in limba engleza sunt ~i alte adjective a caror termina{ie este -ly, de exemplu: lovely
>[lavh]
- dragut, simpatic, frumos
fatherly
> [fa.Dzarli]
- parintesc, patem
silly
> [si!l]
- prost
friendly
> [frendli]
- prietenos, arnica 1
Daca din adjectivele cu termina{ia -Iy vrem saformam un adverb, nu putem sa dublam sufixul-Iy. in aceste cazuri adverbele se formeaza cu urmatoarele structuri: in a lovely way
>[m a lavli "e/ ]
- intr-o maniera draguta
in a fatherly manner
> [in a fa:Dzarli mEna f ]
- intr-un mod parintesc
in a silly manner
> [in a sih mEna']
- intr-un mod prostesc
in a fnendly way
> [in a frend!1 Uei]
- intr-un mod prietenesc
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in !imba eng!eza, fo!osind expresiile noi: Nu face asta intr-un mod prostesc!
> Don't do it in a silly manner'
Ne-au vorbit prietenos.
> They talked to us m a fnend!y way.
Ea ~tie sa cante frumos.
> She can sing in a lovely way.
Fratele meu imi
vorbe~te
> My brother always speaks to me m a fatherly manner.
intotdeauna
parinte~te.
24
Acum unneaza cu un grup de verbe noi: to waste
> [tu "eist]
- a irosi, a pierde (inutil)
to succeed (in)
> [tu saksi:d]
- a reu~i, a izbuti
to pollute
> [tu palu:t]
- a polua
to neglect
> [tu niglckt]
- a neglija
to subscribe (to)
> [tu sabskraib]
- a se abona, a plati cotizatia/ abonamentul
Verbul to succeed este folosit
~i
in urmatoarea constructie: reu~i,
to succeed in + verb cu tenninatia in -ing
- a
I succeeded in ...
- Am reu~it (sa fac ceva)
She succeeded in mending her car.
- Ea a reu~it sa-~i repare
a izbuti
ma~ina.
lata verbele noi in propozitii. Retineti traducerea lor in limba romana
~i
fiti atenti la pronuntie:
You have wasted a lot of water.
> [Ill: hEy L1 c/stid a lot av L1 o:ta']
She has not succeded in doing this.
>
This river is heavily polluted.
> l D/IS rh a' lZ hEvIll palu:tid] - Acest rau este foarte poluat.
[~l:
in
hEz not saksi.did D/is]
- Ea nu a reu~it sa faca asta.
du:inl~1
-
They neglected their cats. I have subscribed to a mornmg-paper.
- Ai irosit multa apa.
> [ai hEy sabskraibd tu a mo:'nml~) pcipa']
~i-au
neg1ijat pisicile.
- M-am abonat 1a un ziar de dimineata.
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza: Nu am reu~it sa ne intoarcem la timp.
- We >have not >succeeded in returning in time.
Au irosit
- They >wasted half an hour on talking.
0
jumatate de ora vorbind.
El s-a abonat la acest ziar.
- He >has subscribed to this paper.
Ace~ti
copii au fost neglijati ani de-a randul.
- These children >have been neglected for years.
Acest lac nu este inca poluat.
- This lake is not >polluted yet.
25
Traduceti verbele noi in limba engleza: a fi abonat, a plati cotizatia/abonamentul
> to subscnbe to
a neglija
> to neglect
a polua
> to pollute
a reu~i, a izbuti, a avea succes (In)
> to succeed
a irosi, a pierde
> to waste
Dacii verbul are douii complemente (direct poate ji subiectul propozi{iei:
,~i
indirect), atunci la diateza pasivii, oricare dintre ele
He showed me his garden.
- EI mi-a aratat gradina lui.
I was shown his garden.
- Mi-a fast aratata gradina lui.
His garden was shown to me.
- Gradina lui mi-a fost aratata.
In exercitiul urmator, incercati sa construiti propozitii la diateza pasiva operand ambele tipuri de transformari: They sent him a letter.
> He was sellt a letter. > A letter was sent to him.
He won't give you the money.
> You won"t be given the money. > The money won't be gIven to you.
> We were described the accIdent. > The accident was descnbed to us.
He described the accident to us.
in limba englezii, participiul terminat in -ing poate inlocui propozi{ia relativii. Urmiiri!i exemplele: - Un barbat care locuie~te pe aceasta strada, a fost ranit ieri intr-un accident.
A man who lives in this street was injured in an accident yesterday.
Structura propozi!iei dupii eliminarea pronumelui relativ: A man living in this street was injured in an accident yesterday.
- Un barbat, de pe aceasta strada, a fost ranit ieri intr-un accident.
in propozi!ia astfel transformatii, participiul -ing determinii substantivul.
Iar acum, exersati folosirea participiulului prezent. Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Stiloul care se afla pe masa este al meu.
> The pen 1) lI1g on the tahle IS mll1e.
Femeia care se plimba acolo este
> The woman \\;alkll1g there IS a secretary.
0
secretara.
Oamenii care viziteaza satul nostru sunt din Anglia.
> The reople visItll1g our vIllage are
Cine sunt acei oameni care stau acolo?
> Who are the people Slttll1g there"
(jOIn
26
England
It cuno~ti pe acel om care vine la noi?
> Do you know the man coming to us?
Oamenii care folosesc aceste unelte sunt foarte satisIacuti.
> The people using these tools are very satisfied.
Tablourile care atama aici vor fi vandute.
> The pictures hanglllg here will be sold.
Sunt intotdeauna multi oameni care-~i petrec vacanta aici.
> There are always many people spending their holidays here.
Au fast oameni care au vandut portocale ~i struguri.
> There were people sdlmg
Cei ce vor mai multe informatii se pot reintoarce dupa ora cinci.
> People wanting more information can return after five.
oranges and grapes.
In ultimul exercitiu al leetiei veti avea ocazia sa reveniti asupra tuturor notiunilor noi de gramatica ~i vocabular:
> What have you subscnbed to'?
La ce te-ai abonat? Am rugat-o de doua ori sa piece in
lini~te.
> I have asked her tWIce to leave quietly.
Ne-a vorbit parinte~te.
> He spoke to us in a fatherly way.
Oamenii care-~i neglijeaza inIati~area cred ca nu este important sa arate bine.
> People neglecting their appearance think it is not Importallt to look good.
Animalele care traiesc in padure, pot gasi mfmcare suficienta.
> Animals livmg in the woods can fll1d enollgh food.
Stai putin, nu ti-ai pierdut umbrela?
> Wait a minute, haven't you left your umbrella?
Ne-au aratat doua filme.
> Vie were shown two films. > Two films were shown to us.
o voi spune doar 0 singura data.
> [ will say it only once.
Au vorbit prietenos.
> They \\ere talking
Au sosit tocmai [a timp; nu a trebuit sa
a~teptam.
a fnendly manner.
> He came .Just in tnne: we didn't have to wait.
Urmeaza exercitiul de pronuntie. Cuvinte!e aflate pe cu voce tare:
aceea~i
[e]
[E]
[a. ]
[au]
neglect
habit
sharp
sound
spend
can
hard
house
mend
man
dark
our
met
hand
ask
found
set
land
arm
out
27
In
coloana cantin un sunet identic. Cititi
LECTIA 30 - PARTEA A nOVA , Urmeaza un exercitiu de citire ~i pronuntie. Cuvmtele ~i sllabele accentuate Ie-am scris cu litere Ascultati caseta ~i cititi dialogul cu atentie, pentm a va insu~i cat mai corect intonatia limbii engleze: ingro~ate.
Barbara: John: Barbara: John: Barbara: John:
Mary: Peter: Mary:
John! Clever people say time is an important thing in our lives. Of course. To do the things we have to do we need time. When there is too little time we cannot do things as well as we want to do them. Yes, but there are people who always know what to do with the time. You are so right.They go for a walk or read a book or make all kinds of things that are useful or beautiful. Sometimes they sell these things, which is their way of showing that time is really money.
What John was saying was true. But don't other people feel bad when there is nothing for them to do, or at least they think there is nothing? Yes, I think so. Usually these people are wasting their time or choose to listen to the radio or watch television. And these people are very happy when friends come to visit them so they can talk about the news or whatever is worth talking about.
Barbara: Wouldn't it be difficult to say which of these is the better way of spending time? Tom: Well, it's hard to say. We are always ready to say that we are doing things the right way and other people are not. Barbara: But how can we be sure? Tom: It is a good thing that we are all different.
lata ultimul exercitiu al lectiei. Daca reu~iti sa il faceti lara nici 0 gre~eala, atunci puteti trece la rezolvarea temei pentru acasa. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza: Citind ziarul de dimineata m-am gandit la promisiunea pe care am Iacut-o.
> Readmg the mornmg paper. I thought of
Tragand fermoarul hamei, am parasit casa in graba.
> Zippll1g up my coat, I left the house 111 a llllrry.
AvionuI pleaca la trei dupa-amiaza.
> The aeroplane leaves at 3 p.m.
Ea a format numarullor de doua ori.
> She has dIalled theIr number tWIce.
Ea a raspuns
the promIse I had made.
proste~te.
> She answered
111
a sIlly way.
Noi am vazut un barbat care nu avea par pe cap.
> We saw a man havmg no hair on hIS head.
Vasul a naufragiat in urma cu doua saptamani.
> The shIp \\ as wrecked a fortl11ght ago.
Acesta este geamul prin care a disparut spargatorul.
> Th IS
Ei i s-a permis uneori sa pIece mai devreme.
> She was occaSIOnally permitted to leave early.
the \\ mdow through which the burglar dIsappeared.
28
IS
Au fost intarzieri de doua ori.
> There was a delay twice.
in viitor nu yom pierde timpul.
> In future no time will be wasted.
Cati ani biseeti sunt intr-un seeol?
> How many leap years are there
Sa mergem azi la einematograf!
> Let's go to the cinema today!
Prezenta lor nu este neeesara.
> Their presence is not necessary.
Cativa oameni ered ea este timp destul pentru a opri poluarea pamantului.
> Some people think there is plenty of time to stop polluting the Earth.
Ce materii ti-au plaeut eel mai mult la
In
a century?
> What subjects did you like the best in school?
~eoala?
in treeut multe lueruri erau mai ieftine.
> [n the past many things were cheaper.
Va trebui sa fii aeolo exact la ora opt.
> You'll have to be there at eight o'clock sharp.
Ea a primit serisoarea tocmai la timp.
> She got the letter just in time.
Intre timp vom fixa
> In the meantime we'll fix a date,
0
data.
Noi am reu~it sa terminam luerul inainte de miezul noptii.
> We succeeded In finishing the work before nllClnight.
Ma~inile
> Cars pollute the environment.
polueaza mediul.
Vor fi mai muIte oeazii favorabile in viitor.
> There wIiI be more opportunities in the future.
Unii oameni au obieeiuri stranii.
> Some people have strange habits.
Am vazut multi oameni care purtau oehelari fumurii.
> I saw many people wearing
EI ~i-a vizitat sora eu oeazia zilei ei de na~tere.
> He visited his sister on the occasion of her birthday.
Mi s-a promis
0
dark glasses.
> I was prommised a better job. > A better job was promised to me.
slujba mai buna.
"Their presence is not necessary." 29
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 30 , 30.1. Adjective cu tenninatia -Jy 30.1.1. In afara de adjectivele daily, weekly care pot fi folosite ~i ca adverbe, In limba engleza sunt ~i alte adjective a caror tenninatie este -Jy. De exemplu: lovely
- dragut, simpatic, frumos
fatherly
- parintesc, patern
silly
- prost
friendly
- prietenos, amabil
30.1.2. Daca vrem sa fonnam un adverb din adjectivul cu terminatia -Iy, nu i se adauga Inca un sufix -Jy. In acest caz vom folosi urmatoarele structuri adverbiale: in a lovely way
- lntr-un mod placut/dragut
in a fatherly manner
- Intr-un mod parintesc
in a silly manner
- lntr-un mod neghiob/prostesc
in a friendly way
- Intr-un mod prietenos
30.2. Daca verbul are doua complemente (direct ~i indirect), atunci la diateza pasiva, oricare dintre ele poate fi subiectul propozitiei: He showed me his garden.
- EI mi-a aratat gradina lui.
J was shown his garden.
- Mi-a fost aratata gradina lui.
His garden was shown to me.
- Gradina lui mi-a fost aratata.
30.3. In fraza din limba engleza, participiul prezent (In -ing) poate Inlocui propozitia subordonata relativa: A man who lives in this street was injured in an accident yesterday.
- Un barbat, care locuie~te pe aceasta strada, a fost ranit ieri Intr-un accident.
A man living in this street was injured in an accident.
- Un barbat de pe aceasta strada a fost ranit ieri Intr-un accident.
In asemenea cazuri participiul prezent detennina substantivul.
30
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 30 A
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana:
I.
She is always doing serious things in a silly manner.
2.
We have succeeded in arriving there just in time.
3.
Their children were brought to hospital.
4.
Factories polluting the environment are very dangerous.
5.
They liked her lovely clothes.
6.
How could you waste all the money?
B.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
I.
Am
2.
Intre timp am citit ~tirile. (doua variante)
3.
Ne-au vorbit intotdeauna
4.
Ma~inile
5.
L-am vazut pe acest barbat doar 0 singura data.
6.
Ea
C.
Corectati
1.
He loves me fatherly.
2.
These cars were sold a rich man.
3.
My father succeeded to mend the tap.
4.
The children who playing in the room are too noisy.
5.
She has already said it twice times.
reu~it
sa rna abonez la acest ziar.
prietene~te.
care folosesc multa benzina sunt scumpe.
ca~tiga
foarte putin pe saptamana.
gre~elile
din urmatoarele propozitii:
31
VERBELE NEREGITLATE DIN LECTIILE 29 SI , , 30 forma I
forma a II-a
forma a III-a
leap > [It:p]
leapt
> [lept]
leapt > [Iept]
ring > [rin(gl]
rang
> [rEn'gl]
rung
strike> [stralk]
struck > [strak]
32
> [ran(g)]
struck > [strak]
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 29 SI , , 30 absence
>[Ebsans]
- absenta, lipsa
actually
> [Ekt~llali]
- intr-adevar, in realitate
a.m.
> [eiem]
- prescurtare de la antemeridian, inainte de amiaza
answer
> [a:nsaT]
- raspuns
to appear
> [tll apia']
- a aparea, a se infiiti~a, a se vedea
appearance
>[apia'ans]
- aparitie,
inIati~are
as
>[Ez]
- cum,
cum
attempt
> [atcmpt]
- incercare, tentativa
to be fast
> ltll bl: fa:st]
- a fila
to be slow
> ltll bl: slauJ
- a fila ramane in urma (ceasul)
birthday
> [ba:TTsdel]
- zi de
to bury
>[tu beri]
- a ingropa, a inmormanta
century
> [sent"ari]
- secol, veae
collection
> [kalek~an]
- colectie
the day after tomorrow
> [O"a dei a:fta Ttamorall]
- poimaine
the day before yesterday
>[O"a deiblfo: Tiesta'dei]
- alaltaieri
delay
> [dllei]
- intarziere, amanare
to describe
> [tll diskraib]
- a descrie, a prezenta
to dial
>[tll dalal]
- a forma un numar
digital
> [didJital]
- digital
to disappear
>[tll disapia']
- a disparea
display
>[ dlsplei]
- etalare, expunere,
environment
>lmvairanmant]
- mediu, ambianta
fatherly
>[fa:Oza'Ji]
- parintese, patem
to fix
> [tll fiks]
- a fixa, a consolida, a prinde
formerly
>[fo:'ma'li]
- altadata, odinioara
fortnight
>[fo:'tnalt]
- doua saptamani
33
a~a
0
lua inainte (ceasul)
na~tere
afi~aj
friendly
- prietenesc, amical
> [frendli]
future
- viitor
habit
> [hEbit]
- obicei, deprindere
headline
> [hedlam]
- titlll principal (in ziar)
history
> [histari]
- istorie
in future
> [in
in the meantime
> [in DZa mi:ntaIlTI]
- intre timp, pana una alta, deocamdata
just in time
> [dpst in taim]
- tocmai la timp
to leap
> [tu lI:p]
- a sari, a salta
- in viitor
fm:t~ar]
leap-year
- an bisect
lovely
> [lavli]
- dragut, simpatic, fmmos
manner
> [mEna']
- mod, fel, maniera
to mend
> [tu mend]
- a repara
midnight
> [midnalt]
- miezul noptii
moment
> [mallmant]
- moment, clipa
mommg paper
- ziar de dimineata
to neglect
> [tll niglekt]
- a neglija
noon
> [nll.n]
- amiaza, miezul zilei
number
- numar
occasion
> [akeljan]
- ocaZle
occasionally
> [akeIJanali]
- din cand in cand, uneori
once
-
one day
- intr-o zi
0
(singura) data
opportunity
> [opa'tm:mti]
- prilej favorabil
past
> [pa:st]
- trecut
patience
>
plenty of time
> [plent1 av talm]
- timp destul
p.m.
> [pum]
- prescurtare de la postmeridian, dupa amiaza
to pollute
> [tll [lolu:t]
- a polua
presence
> [prezans]
- prezenta
- rabdare
[pel~ans]
34
promise
> [promis]
- promlslune
to ring
> [tu
- a suna
season
> [si:zn]
- anotimp
second hand
> [sekand hEnd]
- secundar (al ceasului)
second-hand
> [sekand hEnd]
- uzat, folosit, purtat
sharp
> [p:'p]
- ascutit, precis, exact
silly
> [sili]
- prost, neghiob
to strike
> [tu straik]
- a lovi, a bate
subject
> [sabdjikt]
- subiect, tema, obiect
to subscribe (to)
> [tu sabskraib]
- a fi abonat
subscription
>
[sabskrip~n]
- abonament
to succeed (in)
> [tu saksi:d]
- a
trip
> [trip]
- excUTsie, (scurUi) calatorie
twice
> [t"ais]
- de doua ori
unless
> [anles]
- daca nu (cumva), In afara de cazul cand
wait a minute
> [" eit a min it]
-
to waste
> [tu "eist]
- a irosi, a pierde (inutil)
way
> [" e t]
- drum, cale, mod
weekday
> [ L1 i:kdei]
- zi de lucru, zi lucratoare
word
> [" a:'d]
- cuvant
rin(~)]
35
reu~i,
a izbuti
a~teapta putin/o clipa, ai putina rabdare
RECAPITULARE 1.
2.
3.
Daca un substantiv apare de mai multe ori Intr-o propozitie, poate fi Inlocuit cu cuvantul one: I don't like this book; I like that one.
- Nu-mi place aceasta carte; mie Imi place aceea.
I don't want these shoes; I want cheaper ones.
- Nu vreau ace~ti pantofi; vreau unii ieftini.
Modul imperativ: Come here!
- Vino aici!
Don't eat so fast!
- Nu mancati
Let them go now!
- Lasa-i sa pIece acum!
a~a
de repede!
Genitivul saxon (the Saxon Genitive): ma~ina
Mary's car
-
these people's houses
- casele acestor oameni
my parent's friends
- prietenii parintilor mei
Mariei
" " PARTEA INTAI
LECTIA 31 ,
Ca ~i pana acum, sa incepem leqia cu ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i retineti sensuI lor in limba romaml: matter
> [mEta']
- chestiune, problema, treaba
fact
> [fEkt]
- fapt; realitate
object
> [ obdjikt]
- obiect, scop
idea
> [aidia]
- idee
peace
> [pi:s]
- pace
soldier
> [sauldja']
- soldat
war
> [" O :']
- razboi
mistake
> [misteik]
-
complaint
> [kampleint]
- nemultumire, plangere, reclamatie
incident
> [insidant]
- incident, intamplare
space
> [speis]
- spatiu, univers
space travel
> [speis trEvl]
- calatorie in spatiu
luggage
> [lagidj]
- bagaj
gre~eala,eroare
Sa exersam cuvintele noi intr-o alta ordine: peace
> [pi:s]
- pace
object
> [obdj ikt]
- obiect, scop
luggage
> [lagidj]
- bagaj
matter
> [mEtil']
- chestiune, problema, treaba
incident
> [insidant]
- incident, intamplare
idea
> [aidia]
- idee
fact
> [fEkt]
- fapt
space travel
> [speis trEvl]
- calatorie in spatiu
war
> [" O:']
- razboi
mistake
> [mistcik]
-
complaint
> [kampleint]
- nemultumire, plangere, reclamatie
soldier
> [sauldja']
- soldat
2
gre~eala,
eroare
In exercitiul urmator am folosit cuvintele noi in propozitii: We don't know everything about this matter yet.
> ["I: daunt nall cVllT'in\g) aballt D/is mEta' id]
- Nu ~tim inca totul despre aceasta problema.
The facts are alarming.
> [D/a f1:kts a:' ala: rll1in(gl]
- Faptele sunt alarmante.
They saw a strange object in the sky.
> [D/ci so: a stlcll1dJ obdjikt in D/a ska/]
- Au vazut un obiect straniu pe cer.
These ideas are not new.
> [[Yl:Z aidiaz a:' not nlll'\
- Aceste idei nu sunt noi.
All we want is peace.
> [01 "1: Jont IZ pl:S]
- Tot ce dorim este (sa fie) pace.
What do you know about the war?
> ["ot dll Ill: nall aballt IYa "t)"r]
- Ce
This soldier has made a serious mistake.
> [D/Is Siill!dp' hEz meld a si.nas ll1lstcik]
- Acest soldat a facut o gre~eala serioasa.
You can return it if there are complaints.
> [Ill: kI:n ntii:'n kall1plcll1ts]
The incident was in all the papers.
> [Dll insidant "oz in (J.! D/a pciparz]
- Incidentul a aparut 'in toate ziarele.
Is there enough space for our furniture?
> [IZ D'ca'lI1at"spc/s to.' aua' nl:rmt~a']
- Este destul spatiu pentru mobila noastra?
The first space travel was in 1957.
> [D/a fa'st SPCIS trEvi U oz IJ1 namtb] finl SC\ nJ
- Prima calatorie in spatiu a avut loc in 1957.
Is that luggage yours?
>
DZEtlagldj /t)"'zJ
- Acest bagaj este al tau?
[17
It
~til
despre razboi?
It" O/ca r a: r - Puteti s-o inapoiati daca avet i nemultumiri.
Iar acum completati propozitiile 'in limba engleza cu cuvintele care lipsesc: Am citit mult despre ace! razboi.
- I have read much about that >war.
Negocierile vor aduce pacea?
- Will the negotiations bring >peace?
Acele idei sunt greu de inteles.
- Those >Icleas are difficult to understand.
Scopul nostru este sa obtinem 0 marire de salariu cat mai curand posibil.
- Our >object is to get a raise as soon as possible.
Faptul ca el m-a ajutat a impresionat-o pemama.
- The >fact that he helped me impressed my mother.
EI nu poate sa acorde mult timp acestei probleme.
- He cannot spend much time on this >mattcr.
Imi place sa calatoresc lara bagaje.
- I like travelling without any >luggage.
Este periculoasa calatoria in spatiu?
- Is >space travel dangerous?
Universul este incredibil de vast.
- >Space is incredibly vast.
Aceste incidente se petrec in mod regulat?
- Do these >JIlcldcnts happen regularly?
Aceste nemultumiri merita sa fie ascultate.
- These >coJl1plaIJ1ts are worth listening to.
3
Ai fiicut de doua ori
aceea~i gre~eala.
- You have made the same > mIstake twice. ,
Soldatii sunt gata de lupta.
- The> soldIers are ready for the fight.
"I like travelling without any luggage."
Rezolvati urmatorul exercitiu de traducere: incident, intiimplare
> incident
gre~eala, eroare
> mIstake
pace
> peace
razboi
> war
chestiune, problema, treaba
> matter
soldat
> soldIer
spatiu, univers
> space
nemultumire, pliingere, reclamatie
> complamt
obiect, scop
> object
idee
> Idea
fapt
> fact
bagaj
> luggage
In lec(iile anterioare, ali intiilnit deja verbul modal must - a trebui. Acum vom inwi(aforma negativii a acestui verb: 1.
Forma negativii a verbului must se ob(ine prin adiiugarea adverbului de nega(ie not: must not (forma prescurtatiijiind mustn't l masnt] care inseamnii a nu fi permislingaduit, a nu avea voie, a fi interzis, de exemplu: She mustn't smoke.
- Ea nu are voie sa fumeze.
You mustn't talk here.
- Nu ai voie sa
4
vorbe~ti
aici.
2.
Structura negativii -
BU
trebuie, se exprinu] cuforma scurtii needn't lnLdnt], de exemplu:
You needn't read all these books.
- Nu trebuie sa
cite~ti
She needn't worry about it.
- Ea nu trebuie cu asta.
sa-~i
toate aceste cacti.
faca griji in legatura
lar acum sa folosim verbele modale invatate anterior. Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu verbul corespunzator: Nu trebuie sa mergem acolo.
- We >needn 't go there.
De ce nu am voie sa yin aici?
- Why > 1TI1i stn 't I come here?
Nu avem voie sa facem aceasta gre~eala.
- We >lTIlistn 't make this mistake.
Nu trebuie sa ascult plangerile tale.
- I >needn't listen to your complaints.
Nu ai voie sa-ti Aceste
~tiri
la~i
- You > 1TI1i stn 'f leave your luggage here.
bagajul aici.
- This news> needn't be facts.
nu sunt neaparat adevarate.
Urmeaza un alt grup de cuvinte noi. Exersati pronuntia
~i
retineti intelesullor in limba romana:
objective
> [abdjekti\]
- obiectiv, nepartinitor
decisive
> ldisaislv]
- hotarator, decisiv
urgent
> [a:ldjant]
- urgent
concrete
> l konkri:t]
- concret, palpabil
abstract
> [EbstrEkt]
- abstract
peaceful
> [pi:sfal]
-
presently
> [prezantl i]
- imediat, indata
pa~nic, lini~tit
lata cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozitii: Can you talk about this objectively?
> l kEn Ill: to. k aballt DZIS abd.lektlvll]
- Poti sa vorbe~ti obiectiv despre asta?
Tomorrow will be the decisive day.
> [tamorall uil bi: D"a disaisiv dC/]
- Maine va fi ziua decisiva.
This is a very urgent matter.
> l D"is jz a veri a:ldpnt mEtal]
- Aceasta este 0 treaba foarte urgenta.
Is there concrete information? > [IZ {Yca f konkri:t
II1fame/~n]
Ehstrl~kt
- Sunt informatii concrete?
subjects.
> l ai daunt hllk sabdjlkb]
The surroundings are very peaceful.
> l Dfa ~araundm(~lz a: 1 \ en pi.~fld]
- Imprejurimile sunt foarte pa~nice.
We'll start it presently.
> lUi:l start it prezantli]
- Vom incepe imediat.
I don't like abstract
5
- Nu-mi plac subiectele abstracte.
Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu noile cuvinte: ldeile abstracte sunt dificil de inteles.
~
Avem nevoie urgenta de mai mult ingra~amant chimic.
- We >ur~cnlly need more fertilizer.
Aceasta trebuie prezentata intr-un mod obiectiv.
~
Vom termina imediat.
- We'll finish it >prcsenlly.
Ei traiesc intr-o reglUne
lini~tita.
> A bStLlct ideas are difficult to understand.
It has to be shown in an >ob.lcctlve way.
- They live in a >pcaccful region.
Masa este un obiect coneret.
- A table is a >concrck object.
Este greu sa fii obiectiv in aceasta problema.
- It is difficult to be >obJcctive in this matter.
Traduceti unnatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza: concret
> cOllclde
decisiv
> deClSI\ c
pa~nic, lini~tit
> peaceful
imediat, indata
> presently
abstract
> aboitract
urgent
> urgent
obiectiv
>ob.lectl\C
Ati
reu~it
sa rezolvati exercitiul anterior? lata acum un grup de verbe noi:
to matter
> rtu mEta' j
- a conta, a avea importanta
to notice
> [tu naullsj
- a observa, a baga de seama
to complain
> l tu kamplclTl ]
- a se plange, a reclama
to agree
> [tuagri"]
- a fi de acord, a accepta
to disagree
>
to decide
>[tUJloilltJj
flU (hsagri:]
- a nu fi de acord, a nu accepta - a decide, a hotari
lata cuvintele noi intr-un scurt dialog. Cititi-l cu atentie:
A:
Peter, Jane complains that you forbid her everything.
B:
Really? I haven't noticed.
A:
She wanted to go on holiday with her friends and you didn't agree.
S:
I think I was right. But does it matter?
A:
Yes, it does. You didn't even tell her why you disagreed.
B:
Now you are right. Next time when I decide to forbid her something 1'1\ explain why. 6
~
Sa analizam acum fiecare
propozi~ie separat:
Peter, Jane complains that you forbid her everything.
> i pi'fa' dJclll kalt1plcll1z DzEt - Peter, Jane s-a plans Il,: forhid ba:' cvnl 'in(~lj ca Ii interzici totuI.
Really? I haven't noticed.
> I IbiI al hF\"llt nallt!st]
She wanted to go on holiday with her friends and you didn't agree.
> [Sl. "0n lld tll gall on holide: - Ea a vrut sa mearga in concediu Jl), hel r frcndl 1· nd Ill: cu prietenii ei dar tu ,iidnt a~n: j nu ai fost de acord.
I think I was right.
> 1:11'] 'Jl1'C'k al"OI rail1
- ered ca am avut dreptate.
But does it matter?
> l bat daz It mEta' 1
- Dar conteaza asta?
Yes, it does.
>
[ICS
It d:l/1
- Da.
You didn't even tell her why you disagreed.
>
1'11,
didn! i \ n tel hal dls;I~" Ld j
- Nici macar nu i-ai spus de ce nu ai fost de acord.
Now you are right.
> [nallill ;\",ailj
- Acum ai dreptate.
Next time when I decide to forbid her something I'll explain why.
> lnd; 'I (<11111 ''\:n dl (!Jsald tll Illlhid kl" s;\lnT'Jl1':') :1l1Ibpil'J11 "alJ
- Data viitoare cand voi decide sa-i interzic ceva, ii voi explica de ceo
'dl
III
- lntr-adevar? Nu am observat.
Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu verbele corespunzatoare: A contat mult pentru mine.
- It >l1lattCl cd a lot to me.
Ai observat ca el a baut prea mult?
- Have you >J1l,tILcd that he has drunk too much?
S-au plans de cal dura.
- They> COJl1I' 1:1 ined of the heat.
~tiu
- I know they don't >dgrce.
ca ei nu sunt de acord.
Nu am fost de
aceea~i parere
Noi am dec is sa nu-i
- We >dlsagrt.'cd on that maUer.
in acea problema.
a~teptam.
- We >declded not to wait for them.
Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele verbe: a accepta, a fi de acord a decide, a hotari
> to dec Ide
a se plange, a reclama
> to c< ,mplain
a observa
> to notice
a conta, a avea importanta
> to Jl1.ltkl
a nu fi de acord
7
lar acum sa revenim la imperativulformat cu verbullet. Dacii propozi(ia in care verbul este la imperativ este flegatlva (vrem ca cineva sa flU facii ceva), atunci se folose~te cuvantul de nega(ie not. De exemplu: Let's not agree.
- Sa nu fim de acord!
Let them not decide themselves.
- Sa nu decida ei
ln~i~i!
In exercitiul urmator traduceti propozitiile in Iimba engleza: Las( -0) sa nu faca aceasta gre~eala!
> Let her not make thIs mistake.
Sa nu luam bagajul cu noi!
> Let's not take the luggage wIth us.
Sa nu-llasam sa vorbeasca tot timpul despre razboi.
> Let hun not talk about the war a II the tIme.
Urmeaza ultimul exereitiu al lectiei, in care vom sintetiza cele invatate. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza: Acest incident nu trebuie sa se mai intiimple.
> ThIs incIdent mustn't happen again.
Calatoria in spatiu este captivanta.
> Space travel IS excllJl1g.
Nu trebuie sa te El are
0
giinde~ti
la aceasta problema.
> You needn'l thmk about thIS matter.
idee buna, sa-I lasam sa vorbeasca.
> He has a good Idea, let hllll speak.
> Have you noticed thIS man m a green hat?
L-ai observat pe barbatul cu palaria verde? Nu ai voie sa
hotara~ti
lara sa
vorbe~ti
cu Jane.
>
YDU
mustn't declClc Wllhout lalkmg to .lane.
Nu conteaza.
> It doesn '1 matter.
Sa nu-i lasam sa se pliinga!
> LeI them not complalll'
Nu trebuie sa ajungem la un acord acum.
> We needn't aglec now.
8
LECTIA 31 - PARTEA A DOUA , incepem partea a doua a lectiei cu substantive referitoare la razboi. Cititi cuvintele cu voce tare: army
> [a:fmi]
- armata
navy
> [neivi]
- flota maritima, marina militara
air force
> [eaffo:fs]
- forta aeriana
civilian
> [sivilian]
- civil
trench
>
weapon
> [U epn ]
- arma
enemy
> [cnami]
- mamlC
ally
> [Elai]
- aliat
cartridge
> [ka:ftridj]
-
atom-bomb
> [Etam bom]
- bomba atomica
battle
> [bEtl]
- batalie, lupta
submarine
> [sabmari:n]
- submarin
Sa exersam cuvintele noi
[trent~]
~i
-
tran~eu
cartu~
intr-o alta ordine:
enemy
> [enami]
- inamic
ally
> [Elai]
- aliat
battle
> [bEtl]
- batalie, lupta
navy
> [neivi]
- flota maritima, marina militara
cartridge
> [ka:ftridj]
-
submarine
> [sabm[lri:n]
- submarin
army
> [a:'miJ
- armata
atom-bomb
> [EUun hom]
- bomba atomica
air force
> [ca f fO:f S]
- fortii aeriana
weapon
> [U cpn ]
- arma
trench
>
-
civilian
> [slvilian]
9
[trent~]
cart~
tran~eu
- civil
Unnariti folosirea cuvintelor nOl in propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare limba romana:
~i
fiti atenti la traducerea lor in
This country has a small army.
> l DIIs kantll hEz a smo:1 a·rmi]
In a war the air forces are often decisive.
>
Many civilians were killed.
> [meD! sivillanz "a.' klld]
- Multi civili au fost
The soldiers had to dig trenches.
> [DZa sauldja'z hEd tll dig trent~lz ]
- Soldatii au trebuit sa sape
Our weapons are not modem enough.
> [aLia' "frllZ a: r not l11oda'n maf]
- Annele noastre nu sunt destul de modeme.
We have no infonnation on the enemy.
> [uJ. hE\ nall Il1famelSn on D/) ena111l]
- Nu avem infonnatii despre inamic.
Our allies were too late to help us.
> lalla' Elalz "a:' tll: lelt tll help as]
- Aliatii au venit prea tarziu sa ne ajute.
These are bad cartridges.
> [DzI:z a: r bEd ka:rtnd]lz J
- Acestea sunt
Was it necessary to use the atom-bomb?
> [U oz It nCSlsarl tll DZj Etam bom]
- A fost necesara folosirea bombei atomice?
The battle started at night.
> [Dca bEtI sta.'tld Et nait]
- Batalia a inceput noaptea.
TheIr navy has no submarines.
> l DZel' nervI hEz nall sabmall·llz]
- Flota lor maritima nu are submarine.
- Aceasta tara are o annata mica.
l In a "o ' \)'1 ea' fo:'slz a:' olil dlsalsl\]
11I:Z
- intr-un razboi foI1a aeriana este deseori decisiva. uci~i.
tran~ee.
cartu~e proaste.
Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele care Iipsesc: Sunt destule
cartu~e?
- Are there enough> caJiridgeS?
Inamicul are avioane modeme.
- The >enemyhas modem planes.
Tran~eele
- The> trenches are deep enough.
Aliatii
sunt suficient de adanci.
no~tri
- Our> allies support us.
ne sprij ina.
Multi civili parasesc
ora~ul.
- Many >civilians are leaving the town.
Ei construiesc multe submarine.
- They are building many >slIbmannes
Batalia a continuat timp de
- The >battle has continued for a week.
0
saptamana.
Noi folosim cell' mai modeme anne.
- We are using the latest > weapon~.
Bomba atomica a fost folosita de aliatul nostru.
- The >atom-bomb was used by our ally.
10
Fratele meu este in aviatia militara.
- My brother is in the >alr force.
Armata are nevoie de mult petrol.
- The >army needs a lot of petrol.
Unele tari nu au flota maritima.
- Some countries haven't got a >navy.
"My brother is in the air force"
Acum traduceti noile cuvinte in engleza: forta aeriana
> ail force
arma
> weapon
cartu~
>nlltridgc
submarin
> submannc
lupta, batalie
> battle
aliat
>ally
civil flota maritima
> n:l\ v
bomba atomica
> dto!1l-bomb
armata
> :III11Y
tran~eu
>\rench
In continuare iatii cum putem exprima datele: In the forties there were many battles.
>llI1lYd
10.\))/
lYe;}'
men! bEll/J
II
"'.1.'
- In anii patruzeci au fast (avut lac) multe lupte.
Dupii eum ali observat, expresiile ea anii patruzeci, anii cincizeci etc., se formeazii adiiugiind la numeral artieolul hotiirat :;i sufixul-es. Nu uitali eii litera -y de la sfar:;itul euviintului se transformii in -i, iar aeeasta este urmatii de terminalia -es. lata exemplele: the fifties
- anii cincizeci
the sixties
- anii l?aizeci
Aeeste expresii pot fi sense eu ajutorul eiji-elor in felul urmiitor: the 80s
- the eighties
- anii optzeci
the 20s
- the twenties
- anii douazeci
\..
Daea vrem sa sllbhniem seeollll, atllnei data se scrie in felul urmiitor: the 1830s
- the eighteen thirties
- anii
0
mie opt sute treizeci
the 1970s
- the nineteen seventies
- anii
0
mie noua sute l?aptezeci
Pe baza exemplelor de mai sus traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: > The war started
Razboiul a inceput in anii 1930.
In
the 1930s
(nineteen thIrties). Mary s-a nascut in anii l?aizeci.
> Mary was born
Aceasta casa a fost construita in anii 1790.
> ThIs house \\ as built
In
the 60s (sIxtIes). 111
the J 790s
(se\entccn ninetIes). > In the 405 (fortIes) there were fe\\ cars
In ann '40 au fost putine mal?mi in Romania.
In Romania.
Unneaza din nou cateva cuvinte noi: tactical
>[tEktlkl]
- tactic
civilian
>[SI\ illan]
- civil
nuclear
> [11m klIa']
- nuclear
live
> [1'11\]
- viu, intens
naval
> [I1C{\ I]
- naval, maritim
annoured
>[a 'l11d'll]
- blindat, annat
12
Unnariti folosirea cuvintelor noi in propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare
~i
exersati pronuntia:
The enemy made a tactical mistake.
> [OZi enami meld a tEktlkl mistelk]
- lnamicul a facut o gre~eala tactica.
Also civIlian planes are used.
> [a:lsau :m'ilian plen1Z a:' iu:zd]
- Se folosesc civile.
Nuclear weapons are enonnously dangerous.
> [niu:klia T "cpanz a:' ll1o:'masli dell1djaras]
- Annele nucleare sunt extraordinar de periculoase.
The police were using live cartridges.
> [D/a pali.s "a:' lU:zin(g) lalv ka 'tndJlz]
- Politia a folosit adevarate.
Naval planes are important in a modem war.
> [nclvl plelnz a:' IInpo:'tant III a moda'n "0:']
- Avioanele flotei maritime sunt foarte importante intr-un razboi modern.
Their planes are only lightly annoured.
> [O/el' plelOz a:' aunlI laltli armLl'd]
- Avioanele lor sunt slab blindate.
~i
avioane
cartu~e
Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele corespunzatoare: Inamicul are doua submarine nuc1eare.
- The enemy has two >nuclear submarines.
De obicei avioanele tactice nu sunt foarte mario
- The >tactlcal planes are usually not very big.
Nu este u~or sa distrugi un avion blindat.
- It is not easy to damage
Ace~ti
- These children have found >live cartridges.
an >armoured plane.
copii au gasit cartu~e adevarate.
Batalia navala a fost decisiva.
- The >naval battle was decisive.
Soldatii purtau haine civile.
- The soldiers were wearing >clvilian clothes.
Traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele unnatoare: naval, maritim
> naval
civil
> civIlILln
nuclear
> nucleLlr
tactic
> (actlc,,1
blindat
> armoured
VIU
> live
13
in eontinuare ne vom oeupa din nou de gramatiea. Am inw'i!at deja cuwintul one, care se folose~te pentru inlocuirea unui substantiv care se repetti in propozitie. latti
~i
cdteva detalii:
Cuvdntul one nu se folose~te pentru inlocuirea unui substantiv care se repetti. dacti in propozi!ie se aflti ~i pronumele own.
De exemplu: folose~te-l pe
I won't give you my pen; use your own.
- NU-li voi da stiloul meu;
He doesn't need your car. He has his own.
- El nu are nevoie de propria ma~ina.
We never buy vegetables. We grow our own.
- Nu eumparam nieiodata zarzavaturi. Noi In~ine Ie eultivam.
ma~ina
al tau.
tao El are
Sa invatam eiiteva verbe noi: to fight
> [tll f3lt]
- a (se) lupta, a se bate
to surrender
> [tll sarenda']
- a se preda, a capitula
to join
> [tu djom]
- a se uni, a intra (In)
to arm
> [tua:'m]
- a (se)lnarma
to fire at
> [tll fa/a' El]
- a trage (eu 0 arma)
to sink
- a (se) seufunda
Dintre verbele de mai sus doua sunt neregulate. lata formele lor: forma I
forma a II-a
forma a I1I-a
fight > [ faIt]
fought > [fa. t]
fought
sank
sunk
sink
>
[sll1 l g l k]
> [fo.t]
Aeum iata noile verbe In propozilii: This country has fought many wars.
> [D/Is kant!! hEz fa. t
The enemy soon surrendered.
> [D/] cnami slI.n sarenda'd]
- Inamicul a capitulat repede.
He has joined his army, we have joined our own.
> [hI hEz d,oll1d hiZ a:'mi " 1: hEy djOlml aua'
- El a intrat In armata lui, nOI am intrat In a noastra.
I11CnI
"(1
'z1
14
- Aeeasta lara a dus multe razboaie.
They armed themselves
> [D'ei a:'md DZemselvz
with their own knives. They have fired at us
lid)' f)'f'I'
The submarine sank
aun naivz]
> [D'el hEy faia'd Et as
occasionally.
- S-au inannat cu cutitele lor.
- Au tras uneori asupra noastra.
akrlJanall] > [[Ya sa?man:n sEn(~)k
five ships in two days.
l3,v
~1PS 111
- Submarinul a scufundat
tu: delZ]
cinci vapoare in doua zile.
We fought in vain.
> lUi: fo:t in velD]
- Noi am luptat in zadar.
Our allies have surrendered.
> [aua' Elalz hEy sarcnda'd]
- Aliatii
Will you join us?
> [lid iu: dJoin as]
- Ni te vei alatura?
Are our soldiers
>
sufficiently armed? We fired at the enemy planes,
[~l.'
of our ships already.
- Soldatii
safi~ant1J a. 'mdl
> lUi. faia'cl Et
not at our own. They have sunk too many
alia' sltuld.FJ'z
1)'1
av aua'
no~trii
sunt
cnami pleinz - Am tras in avioanele inamice,
san'~)k
~IPS
au capitulat.
suficient de inarmati?
not Et au,,' 3un) > [D/el hEv
no~trii
nu in ale noastre. tu: mcni
- Ei ne-au scufundat deja prea multe nave.
o:lrccll]
Unneaza un exercitiu nou in care vom folosi cuvintele noi. Completati unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: Vom inceta lupta de indata ce inamicul
- We will stop >fighting as soon as the enemy
se va preda. Dupa
0
>surrcndcrs.
saptamana, el a venit dupa sotia sa
- After a week he >jomcd his wife
la Londra.
in London.
Am scufundat un vapor la miezul noptii.
- We >sanK a ship at midnight.
Nu am tras niciodata asupra nimanui.
- I have never >fired at anybody.
Avioanele sunt foarte inannate.
- The planes are heavily >armcd.
Vom lupta pana la ultimul om.
- We will >fig-ht to the last man.
Ei s-au predat Tara sa lupte.
- They >SllrJ l'ndereu without >fightmg.
Cele doua annate s-au unit inainte
- The two amlies >Jomed before
de ultima batalie.
the last battle.
Cate nave au fast scufundate
- How many ships >have becn sunk
in aceasta saptamana?
this week?
15
Pentru a verifica daca ati retinut cele studiate piina acum, traduceti verbele urmatoare in limba engleza: a trage (cu 0 arma)
> to fire (at)
a se uni, a intra 1n
> to Jom
a (se) scufunda
> to sink
a 1narma
> to ann
a (se) lupta
> to fIght
a se preda
> to surrender
Sii revenim incii
0
datii /a f%sirea cuvantu/ui one in in/ocuirea substantive/or.
latii ~i a/te cazuri in care cuvantu/ one poate fi omis: 1.
2.
3.
Dupii numera/e cardinale: ~i
I have three chairs and she has five.
- Eu am trei scaune
She bought two coats and stole three.
- Ea a cumparat doua haine
ea are cinci. ~i
a furat trei.
Dupii genitivu/ saxon: This bicycle is not so expensive as John's.
- Aceasta bicicleta nu este atiit de scumpa ca a lui John.
It was not her mistake, but her sister's.
- Nu a fast
gre~eala
ei, ci a surorii sale.
Dupii pronume/e some, any, these, those: If you want cigarettes, I can give you some. - Daca vrei tigari, iti pot da cateva. - EI a cautat perdele ieftine, dar nu a vazut niciuna.
He was looking for cheap curtains, but he didn't see any.
4.
Dupii forma de super/ativ a adjective/or: Of all the cars we have, this is the fastest.
- Dintre toate ma~inile pe care Ie avem aceasta este cea mai rapida.
Of all the flowers I have seen today, these are the most beautiful.
- Dintre toate florile pe care Ie-am vazut azi, acestea sunt cele mai frumoase.
In exercitiul urmator vom exersa constructiile invatate anterior. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza: Ma~ina
> fiIs car IS not so/as fast as Mary's.
lui nu este atiit de rapida ca a lui Mary.
Noi am cumparat doua vapoare ~i ei au cumparat cinci.
> We bought two ships
Am camera mea ~i el
> 1 have
0
and they bought jive.
are pe a sa.
111) 0\\
> I lIs \\ Ill.'
Sotia lui este cea mai frumoasa. 16
IS
n
100111
and he has hiS
the most bedutlful
nIl II
Noi avem doi copii, iar vecinii au ClnC!.
no~tri
> We have two children and our nelghbOllrs have five. > I needn't borrow any money; I have my own.
Nu trebuie sa imprumut bani; ii am pe ai mei.
Parintii lui John sunt mai batnlni dedit ai lui Mary. > John's parents are older than Mary's.
> This boy
Acest baiat este cel mai inaIt.
lS
the tallest.
Urmeaza ultimul exercitiu al lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza: Ciind am observat ca a inceput sa se intunece, ne-am alaturat aliatilor no~tri.
> When we noticed it was gettmg dark,
we .lamed our allies.
Nu avem nevoie de submarinele flotei lor militare, > We don't need the submarines of theu' navy: Ie avem pe ale noastre. we have our own. EI a Iacut doua
gre~eli,
dar tu ai Iacut ~ase.
> He made two mistakes, but you made six.
Armele inamicului nu sunt modeme.
> The weapons of the enemy are not modem.
Reclamatiile cumparatorilor merita ascultate.
> The complamts of the customers are worth listening to.
Am obosit repede pentru ca bagajul meu a fost greu.
> I soon got tired because my luggage \\ as hea\').
Nu ai voie sa iei asta.
> You mustn't take it
In anii '20 noi aveam
0
> III the 20s (t\\el1t1es) we had a small anny.
armata mica.
Nu trebuie sa faci asta azi.
> You needn't do It today.
Ei au decis sa foloseasca bomba atomica.
> They have decided to use the atom-bomb.
In incheiere iata exercitiul de pronuntie. Repetati cuvintele: le]
lei]
l all
la]
weapon
navy
decide
army
trench
naval
live
arm
bed
mistake
decisive
cartridge
enemy
space
fire
armoured
let
lake
fight
car
17
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 31 , 31.1. Fonna negativa a verbului modal must 31.1.1. Daca verbulUi modal must i se adauga adverbul de negatie not, obtinem fonna must not (fonna scurta mustn't) care inseamna a nu fi permis/ingaduit, a nu avea voie, a fi interzis. She mustn't smoke.
- Ea nu are voie sa fumeze.
You mustn't talk here.
- Nu ai voie sa
vorbe~ti
aici.
31.1.2. Corespondentul englezesc al expresiei nu trebuie este needn't: cite~ti
You needn't read all these books.
- Nu trebuie sa
She needn't worry about it.
- Ea nu trebuie sa-~i faca griji in legatura cu acest lucm.
toate aceste carti.
31.2. Daca vrem ca cmeva sa nu faca ceva, atunci verbului let i se adauga cuvantul de negatie not: Let's not go there!
- Sa nu mergem acolo!
Let them not speak.
- Sa nu-i lasam sa vorbeasca.
31.3. Expresnle anii patruzeci, anii cincizeci se formeaza adaugand numeralului articolul hotarat ~i sufixul -es. Litera -y de la sfar~itul cuvantului se transfonna in -i, de exemplu: ..
.
.
.
the fifties
- ann cmClzeCl
the sixties
- anii
~aizeci
Aceste expresii pot fi scrise cu cifre in felul unnator: the 80s
- the eighties
- anll optzeci
Daca vrem sa subliniem secolul, atunci data se scrie in felul unnator: the 1830s
- the eighteen thirties
- anii
0
mie opt sute treizeci
the 1970s
- the nineteen seventies
- anii
0
mie noua sute
18
~aptezeci
3 1.4. Omiterea cuvantuIui one in cazuI in care
inlocuie~te
substantive:
in unnatoarele cazuri cuvantul one care inlocuie~te substantive care se repeta, poate fi omis: 1.
Dupa adjectivuI own I won't give you my pen; use your own.
2.
- Nu-ti voi da stiloul meu; pe aI tau.
Dupa numerale cardinale: I have three chairs and she has five. - Am trei scaune
3.
ea are cinci.
- Aceasta bicicleta nu este aHit de scumpa ca a lui John.
Dupa pronumeIe some, any, these, those: If you want cigarettes, I can give you some.
5.
~i
Dupa genitivuI saxon This bicycle is not so expensive as John's.
4.
folose~te-l
- Daca vrei tigari, iti pot da cateva.
Dupa forma de superlativ a adjectiveIor: - Dintre toate ma~iniIe pe care Ie avem, aceasta este cea mai rapida.
Of all the cars we have, this is the fastest.
.
19
.......TEMA PENTRU ACAS.A 31 A
B.
c.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana: I.
Let them not buy this expensive bicycle.
2.
In the '80s there were a lot of battles.
3.
They have two submarines and we have ten.
4.
She mustn't give us these towels.
5.
You needn't join the army.
6.
I wanted stamps but they didn't have any.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: I.
Nu-mi place aceasta idee. 0 prefer pe aceea.
2.
Oilatoriile in spatiu au inceput in anii treizeci.
3.
Nu avem voie sa facem
4.
Sa nu-Ilasam pe John sa se planga.
5.
Nu trebuie sa lupt in acest razboi.
6.
Acesta nu este bagajul meu, ci al Mariei.
Corectati
gre~elile
aceea~i gre~eala
de doua ori.
din urmatoarele propozitii:
1.
You needn't to go to school today. You can stay at home if you want.
2.
Let her not to open the window.
3.
I have one daughter and they have two ones.
4.
We met in the 1970.
5.
They don't needn't wear these trousers.
20
....--iil. ._ _
" " PARTEA INTAI
LECTIA 32 ,
In continuare va vom prezenta alte cuvinte legate de razboi: ritle
> [raitl]
-
tank
> [tEn(g)k]
- tanc
aircraft
> [ea'kra:ft]
- aVlOn, aVlOane
aircraft carrier
> [eilrkra:ft kEria']
- port-avion
anti-aircraft gun
> [Enti ea'kra:ft gan] - tun anti-aerian
ammunition
>
target
> [ta:'git]
- tinta
casualties
> [kEjiualtiz]
- pierderi, victime
measures
> [meja'z]
- masuri, dispozitii
bomber
> [boma']
- bombardier, avion de bombardament
fighter
> [faitil r]
- avion de vanatoare
attack
> [atEk]
- atac, asalt
Exersati cuvinte1e noi
~i
aircraft carrier
> [earkra:ft kEria r]
- port-avion
attack
> [atEk]
- atac, asa1t
tank
> [tEn(g'k]
- tanc
measures
> [meja'z]
- masuri, dispozitii
ritle
> [raitl]
-
bomber
> lboma']
- bombardier, avion de bombardament
aircraft
> [eil'kra:ft]
- avion, avioane
casualties
> [kEjiualtiz]
- pierderi, victime
ammunition
> l Emiuni~n]
- munitie
fighter
> l fait a']
- avion de vanatoare
anti-aircraft gun
> [Enti ea'kra: ft gan] - tun anti-aerian
target
> [ta:'git]
21
[Emiuni~n]
pu~ca
- munitie
Intr-o alta ordine:
pu~ca
- tinta
Acum urmariti folosirea cuvintelor noi in propozitii: The soldiers are armed wIth rifles.
> [D/a sauldp'z a r a:'md uiD z ratflz]
- Soldatii sunt inarmati eu pu~ti.
How many tanks has the enemy got?
> [hau mcn) tEnlg)ks hEz 011 cnalnl got]
- Cite taneuri are inamieul?
Aircraft carriers are enormous ships.
> l ea'kra:1t kEna'z a:'
- Port-avioanele sunt vapoare enorrne.
Our aircraft have not yet returned.
> [aua' eil'kra:ft hE\' not let nta:'nd]
- Avioanele noastre nu s-au intors inca.
We need more anti-aircraft guns.
> [til: m:d mo" Entl ca'kra.1t ganz]
- Avem nevoie de mai multe tunuri anti-aeriene.
They are having troubles with their ammunition.
>
A ship IS an easy target.
> [a
How many casualties were there in that battle?
> [hall
- Cite vietime au fost in aeea biitiilie?
We have to take serious measures.
> [") hE\' tu teik
- Trebuie sa luam masuri serioase.
Our bombers have hit all the targets.
> [aua' boma'z hEv hIt o'j D/a ta:'gits]
- Bombardierele noastre au nimerit toate tintele.
We lost two fighters yesterday.
> [" 1 lost tu. f alta' z lesta' del]
- Jeri noi am pierdut doua avioane de vfmatoare.
The attack came in the early morning.
> [D/i [ltEk kcnTI 111 011 a:'iI l11o.rmn,g,]
- Ataeul a ineeput dimineata devreme.
Illo:'mas ~lpS]
a:' hE\'m lel trablz " I DI [YCI' El111Lll1isn]
[D/CI
~IP lZ
an i:Zl ta:'gltJ
I11Cl1l kEJlualtlz "a ' D/ea'In DIEt bEtl]
si lIas me)a'z]
- Ei au probleme eu munitia lor. - Un vapor este
----="'~-----
"The soldiers are armed with rifles"
22
0
tinta
u~oarii.
Sa exersam inca corespunzatoare:
0
data cuvintele noi. Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cuvintele
Tunurile noastre anti-aeriene au fost nefolositoare. - Our> anti-aircraft guns were useless. - The> bombers fly very high.
Bombardierele zboara la inaltime foarte mare. Acestea sunt
pu~ti
- These are foreign> nfles.
straine.
Au fost putine victime.
- There were hardly any > casualties.
Au fost alese multe tinte industriale.
- Many industrial> targets were chosen.
S-au raportat doua avioane de vanatoare avariate.
- Two> fighterswere reported damaged.
Atacul va avea loc in ceata.
- The> attackwill be made in fog.
Ultimul lor port-avion a fost scufundat in zori.
- Their last> aircraft carrier was sunk at dawn.
Pe un port-avion este loc pentru multe avioane.
- On an aircraft carrier there is space for many> aircraft
Tancurile sunt sigure.
- The> tanks are reliable.
Aceste masuri nu sunt suficiente.
- These> measuresare not sufficient.
Nu avem munitie pentru aceste arme.
- We have no > ammunition for these weaports.
Acum traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele: avion (avioane)
> aircraft
munitie
> ammunition
pierderi, victime
> casualtIes
bombardier
> bomber
atac, asalt
> attack
t inta
> target
tanc
> tank
port-avion
> aircraft carrier
masuri, dispozitii
> measures
avion de vanatoare
> fighter
pu~ca
> rifle
tun anti-aerian
> anti-aircraft gun
23
Acum ne yom reintoarce la 0 problema gramaticala discutata in lectia anterioara, ~i anume, genitivul saxon. Genitivul saxon se folose,~te inaintea substantivelor care exprima timpul sau distan!a, de exemplu: Did you hear last night's news?
- Ai auzit
~tirile
There was a two hours' delay.
- A fost
intarziere de doua ore.
The building was a mile's distance from us.
- Cladirea era la 0 distanta de
0
de ieri seara?
0
mila de noi.
Nu uita!i sa adauga!i substantivului la singular sau plural apostroful $i litera sf Sa aplicam aceasta regula in urmatorul exercitiu: ~tii
ceva despre intalnirea de saptamana trecuta?
> Do you know anythIng about last week's meetmg?
~coala se afla la 0 distanta de un kilometru jumatale de casa mea.
> The school
Cuno~ti
> Do you know last Monday's results?
IS
a mile's dIstance
fi om my house.
rezultatele de lunea trecuta?
Sa invatam ciiteva cuvinte noi: military
>[mihtan]
- militar
defensive
>[dlfenslv]
- defensiv, de aparare
mlssmg
- disparut
hostile
> [hostad]
- ostil, inamic
jet
> [dJet]
- avion cu reactie
vulnerable (to)
> [valnarabl]
- vulnerabil, care poate fi atacat
In exercitiul urmator puteti urmari folosirea cuvintelor noi in propozitii. Cititi-le cu atentie ~i retineti traducerea lor in limba romana: Only military targets are important.
> [aunl! mihtan ta,'glts
We took defensive measures.
> [lil. tuk dlfenslv meJa'z]
- Am luat masuri de aparare.
Twenty soldiers are reported missing.
> [tUentl sauld,a'z a r
- S-a raportat disparitia a douazeci de soldati.
No hostile fighters were seen that day.
> l nau hostal1 falta'z Ua,l si:n
Heavy jet bombers will be necessary for those targets.
> [he\ I dIet boma'z lid bl:
Tanks are vulnerable to some kinds of aircraft.
> [1[n1e1ks a I valnalabl tu
- Doar tintele militare sunt importante.
a:' unpo:'tant]
J Ipo·ltld
mism lgl ]
DIEt del]
neSlsal1 to' !Yauzta 'glts]
kallldz a\ ea'kJa It]
24
S3m
- Nu au fost vazute avioane de vanatoare inamice in acea zi. - Sunt necesare avioane de bombardament cu reactie pentru acele tinte. - Tancurile sunt vulnerabile fata de unele tipuri de avioane.
Acum completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu cuvintele noi: Avioanele lor de viinatoare cu reactie sunt foarte rapide.
- Their >jet fighters are very fast. .-
Au disparut cinci avioane.
- Five planes are >missing
Multe cladiri militare sunt avariate.
- Many >military buildings are damaged.
Vapoarele sunt vulnerabile la atacurile submarinelor.
- Ships are >vulnerable to attacks by submarines.
Bombardierele inamice sunt inarmate.
- The >hostll e bombers are armed.
Vom avea nevoie de mai multe arme defensive.
- We shall need more >defensive weapons.
Jar acum urmeazii douii expresii f%site des in /imba eng/ezil:
to be interested in
> [tu bi: intrastid in]
- a fi interesat(a) de/sa...
to be afraid of
>[tu bi: afrc/d av]
- a se teme de
Aceste expresii se folosesc la toate timpurile din limba englezii, prin cOlljugarea corespullziltoare a verbului to be.
De exemplu: They are interested in buying your house.
- Sunt interesati sa cumpere casa tao
I am afraid of big dogs.
- Mi-e friea de ciiinii mario
How long have you been interested in weapons?
- De ciind te intereseaza armele?
They were afraid of the enemy.
- Le-a fast frica de du~man.
Pentru a exersa folosirea eelor doua expresii, traduce1i in limba engleza urmatoarele propozi1ii: Ma intereseaza submarineIe.
> I am interested in submarines.
De ce ti-e frica de mine?
> Why are you afraId of me')
Te intereseaza aceasta
> Arc you interested in this news?
~tire?
ered ca a va interesa.
> I think she will be 1l1terestcd in it.
Pe parintii mei nu-i intereseaza prietenii mei.
> My parents are not interested in my friends.
Le-a fast frica de eel de-al doilea atac.
> They were afraid of the second attack.
25
Yom invata ultimele verbe noi din aceasta lectie: to destroy
> [tu (lIstJ oi]
- a distruge, a darama
to bomb
> [tu bom]
- a bombarda
to bring down
> [tu brin lgl daun]
- a dobori (un avion etc.)
to take off
> [tu te/k of]
- a decola,
to attack
> [tll atEk]
- a ataca, a asalta
to defend
> [tu (Mend]
- a apara
to receive
> l tll nsi v]
- aprnm
to carry
> l tll kElI]
- a transporta, a duce
a-~i
lua zborul
lata folosirea verbelor noi in lIrmatoarele propozitiJ: Many factories were destroyed III the attack.
> [menl fEktanz tla:' dlstlO/d In IYI atEk]
- Au fost distruse multe fabrici in timpul atacului.
The enemy bombed our capital.
> lO"l cnal1ll bomd alia' kEpltl]
- lnamicul a bombardat capitala noastra.
They have brought down three of our aircraft.
> [O/el hEv bro:t dalln T'll av aua' ca'kJa:ft]
- Au doborat trei dintre avioanele noastre.
The fighters have attacked the tanks.
> [O/a fa/ta'z hEy atckt IYa I En lg 'ks]
- Avioanele de vanatoare au atacat tancurile.
The planes took off from the aircraft carrier.
> [IVa plell1Z tuk ortrom f)ll ea'kra:ft kEnai]
- Avioanele au decolat de pe vasul purtator de avioane.
We defended the capital as long as possible.
> [til. dIfcmhd D/a kEpltl Ez lon,e) Ez ]1oslbl]
- Noi am aparat capitala cat mai mult timp posibil.
Three ships carrying ammunition were sunk.
> [ r'n. ~lPS kElIlIl le ) Em/llni~ntla:' san1glk]
- Trei vapoare, care transportau munitie au fost scufundate.
I receIved a letter yesterday.
> [ai nsi:vd a leta' Icsta'de/]
- leri am primit 0 scrisoare.
Completati propozitiIie urmatoarele cu verbele corespunzatoare: Ne putem apara portunle?
- Can we >dcfend our harbours?
Avioanele s-au inaltat in direetia vantului.
- The planes >took off into the wind.
Au bombardat avioanele noastre de vanatoare inainte ca ele sa poata decola.
- They >bombed our fighters before they could take off.
Jumatate din tancuri au fost distruse in primele cateva minute.
- Halfofthe tanks were >deslloycd in the first few minutes.
Yestea pe care am primit-o este ingrozitoare.
- The news I have >ICCl'!\ cd is awful.
26
Tunurile anti-aeriene au doboriit multe avioane.
- The anti-aircraft guns have> broughtdown many aircraft.
Bombardierele au atacat de doua ori In acea zi.
- The bombers> attackedtwice that day.
Ele pot transporta bombele cele mai grele.
- They can> can") the heaviest bombs.
In Incheierea acestui ~ir de exercitii, traduceli In limba engleza urmatoarele cuvinte: a transporta, a duce
> to carry
a apara
> to defend
apnml
> to receive
a ataca
> to attack
a decola
> to take off
a doborl
> to bring down
a bombarda
> to bomb
a distruge
> to destroy
Iar acum sa ne Intoarcem la pronumele
~i
adjectivul pronominal any.
Adjeetivul pronominal any se folose~te ~i in propozi!ii afirmative. in aeest caz inseamii: orice, oricare, ~i se folose~te pentru determinarea persoQnelor :;;i obiectelor.
Any child knows the answer to that question.
- Orice copil ~tie raspunsul la aceasta Intrebare.
He will take any room you can offer to him.
- Va accepta orice camera pe care poli sa i-o feri.
You can come any day.
- Poli veni In orice zi.
Vii prezentiim
~i formele
pronominale compuse ale acestui cuvant:
anybody
> [ embodl]
- oricine, oricare
anyone
> [eni"anj
- oricine, orieare
anything
> [eniT'in(g)j
- once
anywhere
> l cI1l U ea']
- oriunde, In oriee loe
lata ciiteva exemple: Anybody can tell you that.
- Oricine 11i poate spune asta.
You can give it to anyone you meet there.
- Poti sa dai asta oricarei persoane pe care o Intiilne~ti acolo.
Those people will do anything for money.
- Oamenii aceia vor face orice pentru bani.
You can put that chair anywhere.
- Poti pune oriunde scaunul acesta. 27
in exercitiul unnator vom exersa utilizarea adjectivului pronominal any ~i a fonnelor sale compuse. Traduceti propozltlile in Iimba engleza: Orice camera este destul de buna pentm mine.
> Any room IS good enough for me.
Poate fi folosit in orice tara.
> It can be used m any country.
Orice carte cumparata va fi impachetata frumos.
> Any book that IS bought wIll be wrapped up nJCe!y.
Oricine poate vedea ca acele flori nu sunt proaspete.
> Anybody can see that those flowers ,II e not fresh.
Oricine a fost acolo, este traficul.
~tie
> Anyone who has been there knows how much
cat de intens
hallic there IS.
Poate fi Iacut cu orice lucru ascutit.
> It can be done wIth anythmg that is sharp.
Criminalul se poate ascunde oriunde.
> The cnmmal can be hldmg anywhere.
lata ~i ultimul exercitiu de traducere din aceasta parte a lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile unnatoare in limba engleza: Pu~tile
pe care Ie folositi sunt mai bune decat acestea.
> The nfles you ale using are better than these.
Dintre toate tancurile pe care Ie-am condus, acesta este cel mai rapid.
> Of a]] the tanks I have driven, thIS IS the fastest.
Orice bombardier poate fi doborat.
> Any bombel can be blought down.
Oricine poate nimeri aceasta tinta.
> Anybody can hit thIS target.
Atacul poate incepe oriunde.
> The attack can start anywhere.
Dintre toate tintele pe care trebuia sa Ie aparam, acesta este cea mai vulnerabila.
> Of a]] the tal gets \\ e have to defend, thIS IS the most vulnerable.
Daca aliatii no~tri au nevoie de bombardiere, putem sa Ie dam cateva.
> If our al lIes need bombers, we can gIve them some.
Aceste cauciucuri sunt cele mai bune.
> These tyres are the best.
Orice masura de aparare ne va ajuta.
> Any defensIve measure wIll help.
Te intereseaza aceste fapte?
> Are you interested m these facts?
in incheierea lectiei, unneaza obi~nuitul exercitiu de pronuntie: [eJ
[EJ
[a1J
[IJ
jet
casualties
rifle
military
defend
attack
fighter
missing
measure
carry
light
civilian
trench
tactical
time
bring
send
matter
find
sink
28
LECTIA 32 - PARTEA A nOVA , Cititi cu atentie unnatorul dialog: Mary:
Every day when you read the morning papers, there is news about all kinds of wars, isn't it, Peter?
Peter:
Well, yes. But is it bad? In this way we cannot forget that while we ourselves are living in peace, things are not so good for a lot of other people.
Mary:
Why is it that people cannot live peacefully for a longer time?
Peter:
This question is hard to answer. it must be something deep within us.
Mary:
Is there anything we can do about it?
Peter:
I really don't know. Some people say that we have to destroy all weapons and close ,the factories that make them.
Mary:
But things don't work that way.
Barbara: I agree with what Mary just said, and you John? John:
There will always be people who will do anything for money.
Barbara: I guess so, but other people say that negotiating is the answer. But it often happens that people finish negotiations when it seems they are getting less than the others. John:
lata-ne
We have to try to be good to other people and in the meantime remember what has often been said: if you want peace you have to be prepared to fight.
ajun~i
la ultimul exercitiu al cursului. Ca de obicei, traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:
EI a crezut ca nu vor fi reclamatii, dar au fast patru.
> He thought there would be no complaints,
~tiu
> I know your Ideas are better than my own.
but there were four.
ca ideile tale sunt mai bune deciit ale mele.
A trebuit sa cautam port-avioane, dar nu am gasit niciunul.
> We had to look for aircraft carriers,
Mi-am pierdut pu~ca
> I had lost my ov.n rifle and took Mark's.
~i
but we dIdn't find any.
am luat-o pe a lui Mark.
Nu crede ca un tanc poate fi fa losit oriunde! Oricine poate vedea ca va pierde razboiul.
> Don't think that a tank can be used anywhere! > Anybody can see that the enemy
du~manul
Oricine poate transporta aceste
IS
cartu~e.
losing the war.
> Anybody can carry these cartridges.
29
> Any jet bomber can destroy
Orice bombardier cu reaqie poate distruge aceIe ,inte.
those targets.
Ei au decolat pentru a ataca fabrici de
muni~ie,
> They took off to aUclck ammUnItIon factones.
Ce s-a decis in leg.1Ima cu anneIe nucleare?
> What has been dccJ(led about nuclear \\ capons'?
Nu trebuie sa folosim bomba atomica.
> We mustn't use the atom-bomb.
Alia~ii no~tri
> Our allIes have surrendered.
au capitulat.
Ce anne defensive au bombardierele lor?
> What defenSIve weapons have thell bombers got'!
Doua avioane ale flotei militare, au disparut dupa lupta aeriana.
> Two naval aIrcraft \\ ere mlssmg
Care dintre navele lor este cea mai vulnerabila?
> Willch of thell ships is the most vulnerable'?
S-a tras
~i
aftcr the
~m
battle.
> Also CIvIlian planes were fired at.
asupra avioanelor civile.
Ai observat numarul mare de tun uri anti-aeriene?
> !-la\ e
Ei au intrat in marina militara.
> They ha\ e Jomed the navy.
Acum nu trebuie sa-i cautam.
> We needn't look for them now.
Nu sunt cunoscute inca toate faptele legate de acel razboi.
> All the j~ll'(.; about that \\'ar ale not yet kncJ\\ Jl
gre~eli
> A fe\\ tactIcal mIstakes were made.
S-au facut pu,ine
)'LlU notIced the large numbcI of anti-anu aft guns')
tactice.
> Let them not taik about wcapons'
Nu-i lasa vorbeasca despre anne! S-au construit multe avioane In anii
~aptezeci.
> In the 70s (Sl'\ cntles) a'lot oLmcraft \H're btult. > Are you lI1terestcd
Te intereseaza aceste masuri?
"I had lost my own rifle and took Mark's." 30
111
these meaSlil es'.)
RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 32 • 32.1. Alte cazuri de folosire a genitivului saxon Genitivul saxon se exemplu:
folose~te ~i
inaintea substantivelor care exprima timpul
~i
distanta, de
Did you hear last night's news?
- Ai auzit
ve~tile
There was a two hours' delay.
- A fost
intarziere de doua ore.
The building was at a mile's distance from our house.
- Cladirea era la 0 distanta de de casa noastra.
32.2. Cuvantul any
I.
~i
0
mila
formele sale compuse
Adjectivul pronominal any se folosqte ~i in propozitii afirmative. In acest caz inseamna: orice, oricare: - Orice copil ~tie raspunsul la intrebarea asta.
Any child knows the answer to that question. 2.
0
din seara trecuta?
Formele compuse ce deriva de la any sunt: anybody
- oricine, oricare
anyone
- oricine, oricare
anything
- orice
anywhere
- oriunde, in orice loc
Anybody can tell you that.
- Oricine iti poate spune asta.
You can give it to anyone you meet there.
- Poti sa dai asta oricareia dintre persoanele eu care te intalne~ti aeolo.
Those people will do anything for money.
- Oamenii aceia vor face orice pentru bani.
You can put that chair anywhere.
- Poti pune oriunde scaunul acela.
31
TEMA PENTRU ACASA 32 A.
B.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitli in limba romana: I.
A lot of aircraft joined the battle.
2.
Your ten minutes' speech was interesting.
3.
Anybody can tell you about Jane.
4.
Have you read yesterday's newspaper?
5.
We met a lot of hostile people there.
6.
I'm afraid it can be anywhere.
Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza: I.
Razboiul a inceput dupa doi ani de pace.
2.
Ne-am intors acasa infometatl dupa patru ore de plimbare.
3.
Grice soldat
4.
Intreaba pe oricine!
5.
Poti primi orice la micul dejun.
6.
Voi lua orice carte imi vei imprumuta.
C.
cunoa~te aceste
fapte.
Alegeti raspunsul corect dintre cele trei variante I.
. .. can tell you where it is. a. Anybody b. None c. Anything
2.
After a ... travel we came to Madrid. a. two days b. two day's c. two days'
3.
The ... news is very good. a. last week b. last week's c. last weeks'
32
~i
completati propozitiile urmatoare:
VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 31 SI , , 32 abstract
> [EbstrEkt]
- abstract
to be afraid of
> [tu bi: afreld av]
- a se teme de, a avea frica de
to agree
> [tuagri.]
- a accepta, a fi de acord, a fi de aceea~i parere
aircraft
> [ea'kra:ft]
- avion, avioane
aircraft carrier
> [ea'kra:ft kEria']
- port-avion
air force
> [ca' fo:' s]
- foI1a aeriana
ally
> [Elal]
- aliat
ammunition
>
anti-aircraft gun
> [anti ea'kra:ft gan]
- tun anti-aerian
any
> [em J
- orice, oncare
anybody
> (enihodl]
- oncme, oncare
anyone
> [emUan]
- oricine, oricare
anything
> [eniT'm lgl ]
- orice
anywhere
> [eniUca']
- in orice loc, oriunde
to ann
> [tua:'m]
- a inarma, a se inarma
armoured
> [a:'ma'dJ
- blindat, armat
army
> [a:'mi]
- armata
atom-bomb
> [Etam bom]
- bomba atomica
attack
> [atEk]
- atac, asalt
to attack
>[tuatEk]
- a ataca, a asalta
battle
> [bEtl]
- batalie, lupta
to bomb
> [tu bom]
- a bombarda
bomber
> [boma']
- borbardier, avion de bombardament
to bring down
> [tu brin(g) daunJ
- a dobori (un avion etc.)
to carry
> [tu kEri]
- a duce, a transporta
cartridge
> (ka:'tridJ]
-
casualties
> [kEjlllaltIz]
- pierderi, victime
civilian
> [51\ ilran]
- civil
to complain
> [IU kamplein]
- a se plange, a reclama
[Emluni~n]
- munitie
33
cartU~
complaint
> [kampleint]
- nemultumire, plfmgere, reclamatie
concrete
> [konkn:t]
- concret, palpabil
to decide
> [tu disaid]
- a decide, a hoUiri
decisive
> [dlsa/slv]
- hotarator, decisiv
to defend
> [tu dlfend]
- a apara
defensive
> [dlfenslv]
- defenslv, de aparare
to destroy
> [tu dlstro/]
- a distruge, a darama
to disagree
> [tu dlsagIi:]
- a nu fi de acord, a nu accepta
enemy
> [enaml]
-
fact
> l fEkt]
- fapt, intamplare
to fight
> [tu fail]
- a (se) lupta, a se bate cu
fighter
> [fa/tar]
- luptator, avion de vanatoare
to fire (at)
> [tu fa/a']
- a trage (cu 0 anna)
hostile
> [hostaJ!]
- ostil; inamic
idea
> [a/dia]
- idee
incident
> l insldant]
- incident, intamplare
to be interested in
>[tutll intrastld 111]
- a (se) interesa de
jet
> [dJet]
- avion cu reaqle
to join
> [tu dlOIl1]
- a se uni, a se asocia
live
> [la/v]
- viu, intens
luggage
> [lagldJJ
- bagaj
matter
> [mEta'J
- chestiune, problema, treaba
to matter
> [tu mEta']
- a conta, a avea importanta
measures
> lmela' z]
- masuri, dispozitii
military
> [miiItan]
- militar
mlssmg
>
mistake
> [mlste/k]
-
mustn't
> [masnt]
- a nu avea voie, a nu fi pennis, a fi interzis
naval
>lnelvl]
- naval, maritim
lmisml~l]
du~man,
inamic
- disparut
34
gre~eala,eroare
navy
> [neivl]
- flota maritima, marina militara
needn't
> [ni:dnt]
- nu trebuie, nu e cazul
to notice
> [tu nalltis]
- a observa, a baga In seama
nuclear
> [nlU:klia']
- nuclear
object
> [obdjlkt]
- obiect, scop
objective
> [abdJcktiv]
- obiectiv, nepartinitor
peace
> [pi:s]
- pace
peaceful
> [pi:sfal]
-
presently
> [prezantll]
- imediat, indata -
to receive
> [tu risi:v]
- a primi, a lua
rifle
> [raJtl]
-
to sink
> [tu sin(glk]
- a (se) scufunda
soldier
> [sauld]a r ]
- soldat
space
> [speis]
- spaliu, univers
space travel
> [speJS trEvI]
- calatorie in spaliu
submarine
> [sabman:n]
- submarin
to surrender
> [tll sMcnda r ]
- a capitula, a se preda
tactical
> [tEktikl]
- tactic
to take off
> [tll telk of]
- a decola,
tank
> [tEn(Clk]
- tane
target
> [ta:'git]
- linta
trench
>
urgent
> [a:'djant]
- urgent
vulnerable (to)
> [valnarabl]
- vulnerabil
war
> [U o :']
- razboi
weapon
> [U epn ]
- anna
-
[trent~]
35
pa~nic,
calm,
lini~tit
pu~ca
a-~i
tran~eu
lua zborul
