Introduction What is exhaust system Design criteria Exhaust system used in motor cycle Exhaust system used in trucks In two stroke engines Outboard motors Terminology
An automobile exhaust system comprises of various devices or parts of an automotive engine, which are used for discharging burned gases or steam. Exhaust systems consists of tubing, which are usually used for emitting out waste exhaust gases with the help of a controlled combustion taking place inside an automobile engine. All the burnt gases are exhaled from an engine using one or more exhaust pipes. These gases are expelled out through several devices like cylinder head, exhaust manifold, turbocharger, catalytic converter, muffler and silencer.
An exhaust system is usually piping used to guide reaction exhaust gases away from a controlled combustion inside a engine. The entire system convey burnt gases from the engine and includes one or more and exhaust pipes. The exhaust gas may flow through one or more of:Cylinder head and exhaust manifold. A Turbo charger to increase the engine power. A catalytic converter to reduce air pollution. A muffler (South America)/ Silencer (Europe), to reduce noise.
An exhaust pipe must be carefully designed to carry toxic and/or noxious gases away from the users of the machine. Also, the gases from most types of machine are very hot; the pipe must be heat-resistant, and it must not pass through or near anything that can burn or can be damaged by heat. For the internal combustion engine it is important to have the exhaust system "tuned" (refer to tuned pipe) for optimal efficiency.
In most of the motorcycles, Exhaust system are visible and these are made by steel, titanium or carbon fiber. A twin cylinder may flow its exhaust into separate exhaust sections, Like-Kawasaki Ninja 250. A four cylinder may exhaust may flow its exhaust into twin exhaust section, like –Kawasaki Zx series, Honda CBR series, Yamaha’s YZF , Suzuki’s GXR
In many trucks most of exhaust system are visible.
In trucks silencer is surrounded by perforated metal sheath to avoid people getting burnt on touching hot silencer. This sheath may be chrome plated.
In two stroke engine that used on dirt bikes, a bulge in the exhaust pipe known as a expansion chamber uses the pressure of the exhaust to create a pump that squeezes to more air and fuel into the cylinder during the intake stroke. This provides greater power and fuel efficiency.
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In outboard motor the exhaust system is usually a vertical passage through the engine structure and to reduce out-of-water noise blows out underwater, sometimes through the middle of the propeller.
Manifold
Catalytic Converter
Header
Cat Back
Header Back
Tailpipe and Exhaust
Turbo Back
Lake Pipe
The manifold is an assembly designed to collect the exhaust gas from two or more cylinders into one pipe. Manifolds are often made of cast iron in stock production cars, and may have material-saving design features .
The Turbo back is the part of the exhaust system from the outlet of a turbocharger to the final vent to open air.
A Header is a manifold specifically designed for performance , without regard to weight or cost but instead for optimal flow of the exhaust gases. The header back is the part of the exhaust system from the outlet of the header to the final vent to open air everything from the header back.
Cat back refers to the portion of the exhaust system from the outlet of the catalytic converter to the final vent to open air.
This generally includes the pipe from the converter to the muffler, the muffler, and the final length of pipe to open air.
The job of the catalytic converter is to convert harmful pollutants into less harmful emissions before they ever leave the car's exhaust system.
The pipe through which exhaust gases from an engine are dischargedTail pipe
"Lake" pipes, also known as cut-outs, were exhaust pipes that, when their cover plates were removed, bypassed the muffler(s), dumping the exhaust gasses to the sides of the car, very near the engine. They were usually short extensions of the exhaust "header". When one ran a car for top speed at the dry lake (Muroc, Bonneville) the cut-out cover was removed to reduce back-pressure through the system, thus increasing power. Read more:
In exhaust system tuning exhaust system is upgraded. This upgrades can improve engine power and do this through means of two principle;By reducing the exhaust back pressure, engine power is increased in four stroke engine By reducing the amount of heat from the exhaust being lost into the under bonnet area. Back pressure is most commonly reduced by replacing exhaust manifolds with headers, which have smoother bends and normally wider pipe diameters. Exhaust heat management & heat spraying is also used for exhaust system tuning.
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/catalytic-converter4.htm http://www.wikipedia.org/ Barringer, Felicity; A Greener Way to Cut the Grass Runs Afoul of a Powerful Lobby. New York Times Kanellos, Michael; Gold to go in diesel engines. CNET News.com www.chemicool.com www.innovations-report.com
