Ferric Alum

MARKET SURVEY CUM DETAILED TECHNO ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT (PROJECT FEASIBILITY REPORT) ON

FERRIC ALUM

INDENTIFICATION & EVALUATION DIVISION FOR HI-TECH PROJECTS

E I RI C ON S UL T AN TS & E NG IN E ER S * REGD. OFFICE * 4449, NAI SARAK, MAIN ROAD, NEAR CHANDNI CHOWK, DELHI - 11 00 06. (INDIA) (BETWEEN (BETWEEN MARWARI K ATRA A ND ROSHAN PURA), PH : 91-11-23918117, 23916431, 45120361, 64727385, 23947058 E-Mail : [email protected], [email protected] Web: Web: www.eiriindia.org, www.eiriindia.org, www.eiribooksandprojectreports.com

CODE : EIRI/EDPR/2002 J.C. : 904

www.eiribooksandprojectreports.com

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This project report has been prepared on the basis of information available with M/S. ENGINEERS INDIA RESEARCH INSTITUTE. The intention here is to provide preliminary information to the prospective entrepreneur. Prior to making a firm decision for investment in the project the entrepreneur must verify the various feasibility aspects together along with the addresses for the procurement of plant & machinery and raw materials independently. The information supplied in this report is obtained from the reliable sources but it is not guaranteed and the money once paid will not be refunded back back in any case. Claims for incomprehensiveness of the project report will not be entertained and no legal action in this regard would be entertained in any case (Subject to Delhi Jurisdiction only). Any matter relating to our standard points covered in the report may be modified with in 5 days time only from the date of purchase. ENGINEERS INDIA RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 4449 NAI SARAK,DELHI-110006.


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FERRIC ALUM (EIRI/EDPR/2002) J.C. 904 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATION USES & APPLICATIONS B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS FERRIC ALUM PLANT RAW MATERIALS MARKET SURVEY INDIAN DEMAND FOR ALUM PRODUCTION (IN TONS) OF ALUM IN INDIA INSTALLED CAPACITY, CAPACITY UTILIZATION & PRODUCTION OF ALUM APPARENT CONSUMPTION OF ALUM ESTIMATED DEMAND DEMAND SUPPLY GAP GLOBAL SCENARIO OF ALUM IMPORTANT GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF ALUM PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF FERRIC ALUM PROCESS OUTLINES FOR ALUMINIUM SULFATE MANUFACTURE DETAILED PROCESS DESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT FOR ALUMINIUM SULPHATE METHODS OF TEST FOR ALUM (ALUMINIUM SULFATE) DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC DETERMINATION OF THE AMMONIUM SALTS SAMPLING OF ALUM (ALUMINIUM SULPHATE) BLOCK DIAGRAM TO PRODUCE ALUMINIUM SULPHATE FERRIC ALUM PLANT ALUM MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE PLANT LAYOUT COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS OF FERRIC ALUM PLANT TO GET REQUIRED CERTIFICATION CERTIFICATION & OTHER FORMALITES FOR EXPORTING NON FERRIC ALUMINIUM SULPHATE ADDRESSES OF CONSULTANTS ADDRESSES OF PILOT PLANT SUPPLIERS SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL (INDIAN) SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS (GLOBAL) SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (IMPORTED)


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5 7 10 20 22 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 38 40 42 43 48 49 54 57 58 59 63 69 70 71 72 73 74 79 80 102

APPENDIX – A : 1.

COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS

2.

LAND & BUILDING

3.

PLANT AND MACHINERY

4.

FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT

5.

RAW MATERIAL

6.

SALARY AND WAGES

7.

UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

8.

TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

9.

COST OF PRODUCTION

10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS 11. BREAK EVEN POINT 12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE 13. INTEREST CHART 14. DEPRECIATION CHART 15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT 16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET


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FERRIC ALUM (EIRI/EDPR/2002) J.C. 904 INTRODUCTION Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), commonly called alum, is produced as white crystals which are non-combustible and soluble in water. This .dry. hydrate (Al2(SO4)3.14H2O) is 17% Al2O3 and is also sold as a 47% w/w aluminium sulfate solution which is 8% Al2O3. It is also sold in solid form as kibbled, ground or dust. Alum are represented by the general formula R1/2 SO4, R2"(SO4)3.24.H2O. Where R and R"are respectively monovalent and trivalent radicals. They are usually the double salts of ammonium, potassium or sodium sulphate with aluminium. Chromium or iron sulphate and are readily preparedy by concentrating and cooling a solution containing molecular proportions of the Component Sulphate. Ferric and Non Ferric Alum is marketed in various grades. The cheapest grade called "alum cake". Potash alum also known as alum alumen. Ferric alumin is aluminium sulphate containing iron obtained from the bauxite ore. Potash alum is prepared from its naturally occurring minerals such as alunite and Ratinite, but in India these do not occur in appreciable quantities. Alum was formerly prepared from alum shales by roasting them in year and leaching it out with water. Alum is now produced in India by crystallizing together equivalent produced in India by Crystallizing together equivalent proportion of potassium sulphate and aluminium sulphate. The solution is concentrated and the crystals are separated out are melted to yield lump alum or recrystalized to obtain large crystals.

Aluminium Sulphate is covered by three different grade specifications, namely, technical, pure and analytical reagent grade. Technical grade is intended for use as a mordant in the dyeing of textiles and as a loading material for better grades of paper.


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Pure grade is intended for use in pharmaceutical preparations and where pure grades of the material is required, namely for clarifying of oils and fats, preparation of aluminium resinates and other pure aluminium salts such as aluminium sterate etc. A.R. Grade is used for chemical analysis. The material is in the forms of white powder, granules or lumps or slabes, free from visible impurities and is almost entirely soluble in water. The alumina content in Technical grade is 17% and in pure grade & A.R. it is 16.6 to 17.6%.


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CHARACTERISTICS & SPECIFICATION


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SPECIFICATION OF ALUM


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Alum (Aluminium sulphate) forms white crystals of specific gravity 1.62 of Al2 (SO4)3. 18H2O readily soluble in water (128 gms per litre at 30 oC) but insoluble in alcohol. Owing to hydrolysis its solution is acidic in reaction.

The anhydrous salt can be obtained by dehydrating the crystals at 200It decomposes completely at 750 oC. Yielding alumina, sulphurdioxide, sulphurtrioxide. 250oC.

Clear acidified aluminium sulphate solution can be readily super cooled at 10oC or below the saturation point without incurring immediate n ucleation. On rapid heating hydrated aluminum sulphate crystal containing more than 35% water of hydration will fuse while salt containing less than 20% water shows little, if any, immediate reaction to heat.


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USES & APPLICATIONS Aluminium sulfate has been used by man since 2000 BC, when the Egyptians used a mineral alum as a mordant in dyeing. It has long been used in paper sizing to improve durability and ink receptivity and in water treatment to clarify water. Other uses for alum include wastewater treatment, as a waterproofing agent and accelerator in concrete, as a clarifier for fats and oils and as a foaming agent in fire foams. The aluminium ion has a high charge which makes it an excellent coagulant for colloidal1 matter. In aqueous solution a number of hydrolysis species form e.g. Al(OH)2+, Al(OH)2 +, Al(OH)3 and Al(OH)4 - , dependent on pH. This property means that alum can be used to remove particles from water. The free Al3+ ions hydrate to form highly charged species such as Al8(OH)20 4+. These are attracted to negatively charged species, which include the most common colloidal species in water: clays and CaCO3. These coagulated particles are attracted to precipitated Al(OH)3, and coagulated particles stuck to the surface of an Al(OH)3 gel precipitate out of the solution.


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The clarified water is then typically filtered. Every raw water has its optimum pH at which alum performs best. Jar tests (mini clarifier experiments) are carried out to optimise the dose in water treatment plants. The dose rate, the dose point and whether pH adjustment is necessary are determined for each plant. In paper making the alum reacts with rosin sizes of various types, helping to attach the newly formed rosin aluminates to fibres. Sizing makes the paper water resistant. Alum, which exhibits a cationic charge, is also used to flocculate anionic trash including paper fines and other anionically charged material by neutralisation, in a similar way to water treatment, improving drainage, retention and strength of the material. Alum (Aluminium sulphate) mainly used in paper sizing in water treatment. Pharmaceutically, it is employed in dilute solution as a mild astringent and antiseptic for the skin. The most important single application of it is in clarifying water. More than half of the total amount manufactured being so consumed. Sodium aluminate which is basic is sometimes used with aluminium sulphate which is acid to produce the aluminium hydroxide Hoc:

6NaAlo2 + Al2(So4)3 + 12H2O ----> 8Al(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4 Second in importance is the application of Aluminium sulphate in the sizing of paper. It reacts with sodium resinate to give the insoluble aluminium resinate for sizing of paper aluminium sulphate must be free from ferric iron, or the paper will be discolored. The ferrous ion do not harm since they form a soluble practically coloures resinate, which however represents a loss of resinate. A small amount of aluminium sulfate is consumed by the dye industry as a mordant. Soda alum or Aluminium sulphate is used in some baking powders. Alum is also used in tonnage of white leather as a clarifying agent for fats and oils. As a deodorizer and decolourizer in petroleum refinery process in the manufacture of other alums as a catalyst in the manufacture of ethane, as food additives mild artringent antiseptic after shaving. Alum is also used in the manufacture of matches to impregnate the untipped ends to render them filre proof. Burnt alum is used by taxidermist as a preservative.


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In medicine it is used as astringent and as a gargle and externally as a styptic. Exsiccated alum is used as a dressing for ulcers and sores and as astringent for swollen gums. In North Western India, freshly burnt alum is added to the drinking water of camels and buffaloes. The largest use of alum is in water purification.

Applications: Used in paper industry and Effluent treatment plant

Uses of Alum Alum has been part of our lives ever since the time of early Egyptians, who used it in dyeing and purification. Today, it is one of the most widely used and versatile industrial chemicals. Most of the alum produced today is used in the pulp & paper industry as well as water and wastewater treatment. It is inexpensive and effective for a broad range of treatment problems because it can function as a coagulant, flocculant, precipitant and emulsion breaker. As a coagulant and flocculant, alum removes turbidity, suspended solids and colloidal color, reduces biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and clarifies potable, process and wa stewater.

The main uses of alum are: * Water treatment: used as a coagulant to remove suspended solids and or some metals (eg Cr, Ba, Cu) from water (either drinking water or in waste treatment facilities) * Paper sizing: used as a rosin sizing control in paper production, affects the drainage of liquor from the paper


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Other Major Uses In addition to the primary uses in the pulp & papermaking industry and for water and wastewater treatment, alum is also used in: Cellulosic insulation Additive to cellulosic insulation Clay manufacturers China clay beneficiation Dyes Mordant for dyes Grease manufacturers Manufacture of aluminum soaps and greases Industrial wastewater treatment Sewage and industrial wastewater treatment, emulsion breaking Manufacture of alumina trihydrate and printing inks Manufacture of alumina trihydrate for lakes and color extenders Municipal wastewater treatment Clarification and phosphorus removal Potable and process water treatment Color and turbidity removal Pulp and paper mills Process water and mill effluent treatment. Paper sizing


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Soap manufacturers Manufacture of glycerin from soap lyes Swimming pools, oil well operators, manufacturers Water treatment Tanneries Tanning furs and white leathers Zeolite and catalyst manufacturers Manufacture of zeolites and aluminosilicate catalysts and carriers

What happens at a water treatment plant? For thousands of years people have treated their drinking water to make it look cleaner and taste better. Medical lore from ancient India to Egypt advised that water should be filtered through sand and coarse gravel. In Greece, Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, recommended boiling water and straining it through a cloth to remove particles. Early in the 1800s, scientists began to suspect that diseases could be transmitted by drinking water. Since the discovery of bacteria in the 1870s, treatment to eliminate disease-causing microorganisms has dramatically reduced the incidence of diseases transmitted through water.


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Water treatment facilities process water through many steps before it reaches your tap as drinking water for your family. The overall process generally begins with intake at the source, followed by pretreatment, mixing, coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection and distribution to the tap. See Figure 1. Other steps may be necessary depending on the quality of the water supply. Preliminary Treatment Processes Preliminary treatment processes to purify water depend on the nature of the water supply and the type and the amount of contaminants. Quality may vary seasonally, thus requiring more or less treatment during certain water-flow conditions. Most groundwater in Alabama receives only the disinfection treatment process. All surface water and water from wells susceptible to contamination from surface water receive full treatment through a filter plant. The various preliminary treatment processes may include the following.

Screening. A large object such as logs, sticks, fish and plants are usually screened out at the intake or as the water is drawn into the treatment plant from a river, lake, or other surface water source. If the source is groundwater, the screening is done by nature as the water travels under the surface of the earth. Pre-sedimentation. Gravel, sand, some silt and other gritty materials may be removed by fine screening. Micro-straining. In some cases, algae, aquatic plants and other very small debris may be removed by still finer screening. Chemical Pretreatment. The water is conditioned for removal of natural organics, primarily algae and other aquatic microorganisms, as well as their byproducts. This may precede micro-straining. Main Treatment Processes Chemical Feed and Rapid Mix. Chlorine and other chemicals, such as alum or lime, are added to the water to help remove impurities, destroy any taste or odor, raise pH, disinfect and sometimes remove excess minerals such as iron that may cause rust or staining problems. The water is then mixed rapidly to distribute the chemicals evenly.


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Since the early 1900s, chlorine (as a solid, liquid, or gas) has been the primary disinfectant used in the United States because it is effective and inexpensive and can provide a disinfectant residual in the distribution system. Ozone and ultraviolet radiation can also be used as primary disinfectants, but chlorine or an appropriate substitute must also be used as a secondary disinfectant after the main treatment processes to prevent re-growth of microorganisms in the distribution system. Chemicals may be added to oxidize ferrous iron (Fe++), which is relatively high in some groundwater, to the ferric state (Fe+++). If pH of the water is above 7 (either naturally or by adding lime), the insoluble compound of ferric hydroxide is precipitated.

Softening. Sometimes chemicals are included to reduce the hardness or mineral content of drinking water. This usually involves the exchange of sodium for calcium and magnesium and sometimes, the removal of iron and manganese. However, softening is not as popular as it once was for several reasons. The increased sodium in softened water is unhealthy for people with high blood pressure. In soft water lead is more easily leached from plumbing. Finally, detergents that clean favorably in hard water are readily available. There are no softening plants in Alabama since total dissolved solids are not excessive.

Coagulation and Flocculation. The water is sent into large basins where the alum clings to other chemicals and impurities in the water (coagulation), causing them to form larger, heavier particles called floc. Gravity causes these larger particles to settle to the bottom. Sedimentation. The water is allowed to sit undisturbed long enough so that solid particles completely settle to the bottom. This process removes chemical precipitates as well as extremely fine clay and organic particles, including dead microorganisms.


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Filtration. After flocs (large, heavy particles) settle to the bottom, the water continues on its trip through filters. Layers of sand, gravel and sometimes hard coal are used to remove any other impurities that are left in the water. Filtration helps to control biological contamination and turbidity. (Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of water caused by the presence of suspended matter.) Turbidity can shelter harmful microorganisms and reduce the effectiveness of disinfection. Removing organics prior to final chlorination of drinking water supplies is important. Disinfection. After most impurities have been removed from the water, a small amount of chlorine is added to keep the water from developing bacteria as it travels throughout the distribution pipes. The amount of chlorine (usually no more than 3 parts per million) is carefully measured to be the lowest possible amount needed to keep the water free of germs. Residual chlorine at the tap should be near 0.5 parts per million. A primary health concern with cholorination is the formation of disinfection by-products. When chlorine combines with organic matter in water, such as decaying plants or animals, it forms substances called trihalomethanes (THMs). These have been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. Chloroform is a common THM which has been linked to bladder cancer in those who drink from treated public water supplies. There is a drinking water standard for total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) of 0.10 milligrams per liter, but it applies only to those systems that serve more than 10,000 people.

Fluoridation. In some places fluoride at concentrations up to 1part per million is also added to help prevent tooth decay. This is not as common as it once was because of the health concern for excess fluoride. EPA has established a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 4 milligrams per liter (4 parts per million) for fluoride in drinking water. If conventional steps in the main treatment process are not adequate, certain inorganic and organic contaminants must be removed by other methods.


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Treatments to Remove Inorganic Contaminants Reverse osmosis or ion exchange are used to remove nonmetal inorganic contaminants. Nitrate and fluoride are the nonmetals of greatest health concern in drinking water. Nitrate is frequently found in groundwater supplies in high-density agricultural areas. Likely sources of groundwater nitrate are nitrogen fertilizers as well as decomposing plant and animal wastes, including human waste from septic systems. Coagulation and filtration, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, or activated aluminas are used to remove metal inorganic contaminants. The metals of greatest health concern in drinking water include mercury, cadmium, selenium, lead, arsenic, chromium and barium. Industrial sources can contribute rare metals and toxic heavy metals to surface waters. Controlling corrosion of inorganic chemicals from the distribution or plumbing system is another treatment alternative. Corrosion of plumbing byproducts such as copper and lead at the point of use (the consumers tap) can usually be indirectly eliminated by controlling pH and water hardness. Lead contamination is the most serious threat from corrosion. Lead usually enters the water from private plumbing where it is found in solder used to connect copper pipes. Lead can also be corroded from public distribution system pipes and joints. Aeration effectively strips radon gas from source waters. Oxidation and aeration will remove hydrogen sulfide gas.

Treatment to Remove Organic Contaminants Methods to remove organic contaminants include activated carbon filtration and aeration. Special filters may be used at water treatment plants to remove many toxic organic substances such as pesticides and solvents; however, these filter systems are expensive to build and maintain and they slow down the treatment process. As water passes through carbon filters, organic impurities are trapped inside the filter material. This is called adsorption.


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Sources of organic compounds include storm-water runoff and leaching from improperly disposed wastes, accidental spills, leaking fuel storage tanks and pipelines, pesticides from agricultural areas and industrial effluents.

Testing - Water samples are taken regularly at many points in the treatment process for laboratory testing. These tests let water plant personnel know whether the primary and secondary drinking water standards set by the EPA are being met. The laboratory equipment being used is so sensitive that it can measure substances in parts per million, parts per billion, or even parts per trillion in some cases.


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B.I.S. SPECIFICATIONS According to Bureau of Indian Standards the code for Aluminium sulphate is: IS: 260 - 1969 (Aluminium Sulphate) (First revision) (Reaffirmed 1976). Its covers technical pure and analytical reagent grades. Prescribes requirements, methods of sampling and test. This IS: 260 - 1969 can be had from: IS : 299: 1989 (Ferric Alum)

SPECIFICATIONS OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE (NON FERRIC) (NON FERRIC IN LUMPS/POWDER) 1 Water Soluble Alumina as Al2O3

: 17.0%

2 Insoluble matter % by weight

: Max 0.5%

3 Soluble Iron compounds as Fe% by weight

: Max 0.02%

4 PH aqueous solution (5% solution)

: 2.5-2.8

For more information contact at:

Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Mag, New Delhi-110 002 Phone: 91 11 23238821, 23233375, 23239402 91 23238821, 23239399 (Fax) [email protected] Institution


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Sr.No. 01.

02.

03.

04.

Sales Outlets Address Director (Sales) Manak Bhawan, 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg New Delhi-110 002 Western Regional Office Manakalaya, Plot No. E-9, MIDC, Road No. 8, Behind Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 093 Eastern Regional Office 5, Chowringhee Approach P.O. Princep Street, Kolkata-700 012 Northern Regional Office SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A Chandigarh-160 022

Telephone No/Fax/e-mail 91-1123238821,23233375,23239402 91-23238821, 23239399(Fax)

Phone 022-28329295 Fax 28374231 Email:[email protected]

033-232053243 91-33-23377459(Fax) [email protected]

91-0172 2665512 91-0172 2602025 (Fax) 910172-2609285, 2664750,2624136(PBX) [email protected]

05.

Southern Regional Office C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road Chennai-600 013

91-044-22542315, 22541584,22541470 91-044-22541087 (Fax) [email protected]

NOTE :- The use of the ISI Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the Indian Standards Institution (Certification Marks) Act and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The ISI Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by ISI and operated by the producer. ISI marked products are also continuously checked by ISI for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the ISI Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution.


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FERRIC ALUM PLANT Bauxite ore is available from the market as lumps with 54 - 58% Alumina as Al 2O3. The Al2O3 percentage should be 57-58% to produce A grade ferric alums. Technical grade Sulphuric acid having concentration of 98.5% is used for the process. The spent Sulphuric Acid which is 70% to 90% pure can also be used partially with 98.5% Acid.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS: The raw materials for ferric alums are 1. 2.

Bauxite Sulphuric acid

The Bauxite lumps are crushed to –20mm size with help of a Jaw crusher . The crushed material is fed in to a open circuit ball mill to grind it to 90% passing through 100 mesh size. This ground Bauxite powder is stored in the storage Hopper. The Digester has Lead and AHR lining . A measured quantity of water or recycled liquor is fed into the digester. A measured quantity of Sulphuric Acid or Spent Acid is added to the Digester. The temperature of the diluted Acid rises due to the liberation of heat of dilution. Now, the powdered Bauxite is added slowly and carefully. The reaction is vigorous and the reaction proceeds with frothing. The reaction temperature goes up to 120oC. The reaction is taken to the completion by adding Bauxite to neutralize the remaining Acid. The agitation with the compressed air is done as and when required. The liquid is drained into the settling pit and allowed to settle for a few days. The decanted liquid is taken to the evaporator where it is heated with steam coils. As the desired gravity of liquid is achieved, the liquid is taken to the moulds for casting. The sludge is washed into a centrifuge. The liquid is recycled and the solid sludge is used for land filling.


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The raw materials are: For Ferric Alum: • Bauxite • Sulphuric Acid Technical Grade 98.5% pure. • We can use spent Sulphuric acid along with conc. • Acid in significant quantity.

FOR NON FERRIC ALUM (ALUMINUM SULPHATE): 1. Aluminum Hydrate 2. Sulphuric Acid Technical Grade 98.5% pure Specific Raw Material Consumption (For Alum Containing Alumina as Al2O3 16 %)

Bauxite Sulphuric Acid Steam (Or equivalent fuel if heating oil is used )

Containing 50 - 58 % Alumina 98.5%

0.34 MT / MT of Product 0.50 MT / MT of Product 1.0 MT / MT of Product

Quantity required daily for 25 TPD Alum Plant Bauxite Sulphuric Acid Steam (Or equivalent fuel if heating oil is used )

Containing 50 - 58 % Alumina 98.5%

8.5 MT 12.50 MT 25 MT

You can manufacture Ferric Alum, Non Ferric Alum (Aluminum Sulphate) and Liquid Alum from the same plant.


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RAW MATERIALS BAUXITE The word Bauxite has been derived from Les Baux Near Arles (France) where the mineral was first discovered in 1821. Indian Bauxite is invariably associated with Laterite of which it is now regarded as a variety. True Laterite is essentially a mixture of ferric hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide and silica in varying proportions. It is spoken of as aluminious Laterite or ferruginous Laterite, according to the relative proportions of aluminium hydroxide and ferric h ydroxide. Bauxite is essentially a hydrated aluminium oxide Al 2O3.2H2O (Al2O3, 73.9%). It appears to be a mixture of the minerals, diaspore, Al 2O3.3H2O (Al2O3, 65.4%). Much of the alumina of bauxite is, however, believed to be present in the form of colloidal hydrogels with variable combined water content. The common impurities are silica, iron oxide (as haematite or Limonite) and titanium oxide (as Leuoxene or suitle).

The range of composition of bauxites is usually: AL2O3

:

55 - 65

SiO3

:

5 - 30

Fe2O3

:

1 - 25

:

3

:

12 - 40

TiO3 Loss on Ignition

The best french white bauxite contains: AL2O3

:

66 - 74%

SiO3

:

6 - 10%

Fe2O3

:

2 - 4%

:

3 - 4%

TiO3


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Ordinarily bauxite is a dirty white, light grey, cream pink or reddish brown rock. Sp. Gr. 2.5 - 3.2 M. p.

1820o.

The softer kind of bauxite becomes harder on exposure. Bauxite is amorphous and is usually compact earthy granular or porous. Bauxite results from the decay and weathering of aluminium bearing rocks (igneous sedimentory or metamorphic). The process involves the solution and removal of all the constituents of the parent rock other than alumina. In India, the richest deposits of bauxite are commonly associated with primary laterite, formed from sub aerial weathering of basaltic lavas, like the Duan Irap. Deposites of cream coloured bauxite often occur below a thin covering of highly ferruginous laterite.


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MARKET SURVEY Aluminium Sulphate is known more as alum. It is a colourless which is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. Two types of aluminium sulphate is available and used-aluminium sulphate with iron content is known as `aluminia ferric' and another as iron free aluminium sulphate. Both of them are manufactured by treating bauxite with sulphuric aic, but iron free aluminium sulphate require tryhydrate to remove iron content. Successful attempts are being made to export aluminium sulphate from India. On an average it is found that 5 percent of available production is exported to various neighboring countries like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Communist countries like Russia and Tanzania since last ten years. Demand for ferric and non ferric alum is arising for making water more soft for drinking and industrial uses. Industrial processing industries like paper sizing, leather tanning, textile dying and printing etc. also demand aluminium sulphate as one of the intermediate in the process. It is even being used in small proportion in pharmaceutical industries. It had not been possible to derive exact consumption pattern of aluminum sulphate from available secondary data sources as well as limited field work. However, it is learnt that 70 percent of total production is used for water treatment alone. Demand in future is estimated on the basis of trend line analysis. There is very good scope of the product at present and in coming future.


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INDIAN DEMAND FOR ALUM The assessment of demand for Alum is made for the following sector Ferric alum is an important chemical used in the paper industry and in water treatment.

Paper industry The most important use of Alum is in the paper industry for sizing of papers. The paper industry uses Aluminium Sulphate for the clarification of process water, Ph control of pulp slurries, setting of dyes and precipitating colloidal clay and dissolved resin into the size on the fibres of the paper (setting of size). A paper mill consumes Ferric and non Ferric Alum at the rate of around 4 kgs/100 kgs of finished paper.

Water treatment The next important outlet is in water and sewage treatment as a coagulant: Reaction of Alum with alkali in the water produces an Aluminium hydrate floc which drags down various impurities and aids in removing bacteria and in controlling the taste of water. Alum sold to municipalities for these uses is required to be basic to a slight excess of Al2O3. The Alum used for this applications is usually in the solution form. Frequently it is acidic containing a slight excess of Sulphuric acid for potable and waste water treatment processes.

Miscellaneous applications In addition to this, Alum also finds application in textile units, soaps. cosmetics, fire extinguishers etc.

The estimated growth rate in demand is 6 to 7% per annum.


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PRODUCTION (IN TONS) OF ALUM IN INDIA YEAR 2011-12

PRODUCTION (TONS) 507874

2012-13

523719

2013-14

550000

2014-15

580000


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INSTALLED CAPACITY, CAPACITY UTILIZATION & PRODUCTION OF ALUM (TONS) Year 2011-12

Installed Capacity Production 6,00,000 5,07,874

% Cap. utilisation 84.64

2012-13

6,00,000

5,23,719

87.28

2013-14

6,25,000

5,55,000

88.80

2014-15

6,25,000

5,80,000

92.80

% Trend Growth Rate in Cap. utilization = 88.38% (Average)


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APPARENT CONSUMPTION OF ALUM (TONS) Year

Production

Import

Export

2011-12

5,07,874

32,000

40,000

Apparent Consumption 4,99,874

2012-13

5,23,719

35,300

41,500

5,17,519

2013-14

5,55,000

39,100

42,700

5,51,450

2014-15

5,80,000

40,215

43,500

5,76,715

% Trend Growth Rate in apparent consumption= 4.88% (Average)


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ESTIMATED DEMAND (TONS) Year 2016-17

Demand 6,04,858

2017-18

6,34,375

2018-19

6,65,333

2019-20

6,97,801


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DEMAND SUPPLY GAP (TONS) Current Production (2014-15)

-

5,80,000

New Capacity in pipe

-

15,000

Production likely to be available from new capacity @ 80% Cap utilization

-

12,000

-

5,92,000

Estimated Demand by 2019-20

-

6,97,801

Demand Supply Gap (2019-20)

-

1,05,801

Total production likely to be available by 2019-20


32

GLOBAL SCENARIO OF ALUM Aluminium sulphate hydrate is commonly marketed in the technical or commercial grade The commercial grade is dissoluble both as Alum or granular solid containing 17 to 17.5% Al 2O3 and as a solution containing 7.5 to 8.5% Al2O3. In the USA, it is usually produced by reacting bauxite or clay with sulphuric acid. Bauxite is more expensive than clay. The clay, generally kaolin, is roasted to remove organic materials and to break down its crystalline structure, there by increasing the alumina values available for extraction. Roasting is an energy intensive process. In addition, both clays and bauxite vary considerably with respect to the undesirable impurities of Iron an d potassium. Thus, the choice of the raw material, roasted clay or bauxite, is governed by the overall economics of producing a satisfactory product. The optimum conditions for roasting the clay and the optimum strength of the sulphuric acid depend upon the particular source of the bauxite or clay. Finely ground bauxite or roasted clay is digested in sulphuric acid near the boiling point of the solution (100 to 120 deg.C) The clay or bauxite to acid ratio is adjusted to produce, either acidic or basic alum. Solids are removed by sedimentation. If necessary, the solution can be treated to remove iron. The iron free grade is produced by using pure Alumina trihydrate in place of bauxite or clay. Excess iron may lead to staining and discolouration of the product containing the aluminium sulphate.


33

IMPORTANT GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS Laporte Chemicals Australia 20-22 McPherson St., Banks Meadow, NSW 2019 Post Box 18, Botany, MSW 2019 Kemira Pigments Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd., 10, Anson Road, International Plaza, No.33-06A, Singapore-079 903. Kali-Chemie AG Hans-Boeckler-Allee 20 D-3000 Hannover 1 Cosmocel, S.A Via Matamoros 1501, Apdo. No.1, Suc.A, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66480, Mexico.


34

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF ALUM (MILLION TONS) Year 2011-12

175

2012-13

183

2013-14

192


35

PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS OF FERRIC ALUM Zinco Lab Pvt. Ltd. P. M. Mahajan (Director) Gat No. 631, Nashik Pune Highway, Shinde Village, Nashik - 422101, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9422258552, +(91)-9552517710 Telephone: +(91)-(253)-2535159, +(91)-(253)-2595594 Fax: +(91)-(253)-2535159

Shreeram Chemical Industries C. P. Bajpai (Proprietor) P- 11, New Howrah Bridge, Approach Road, 7th Floor, R. No. 701 Kolkata - 700001, West Bengal, India Mobile: +(91)-9830526006, +(91)-9433014940 Telephone: +(91)-(33)-22358328, +(91)-(33)-65218215 Fax: +(91)-(33)-22358328

Angel Chemicals Nitin Patel (Chief Executive Officer) No. 201, Hely Enclave, Near Dreamland Complex, Pramukh Prasad Chowkdi, Manjalpur Vadodara - 390011, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9825512916, +(91)-9426522122

Flourish Paper & Chemicals Ltd. Amish Mehra (Director- Technical) Village Bhagwanpur, Barwala Road, Derabassi, Mohali - 140507, Punjab, India Mobile: +(91)-8591733110, +(91)-8288033486 Telephone: +(91)-(1762)-281113, +(91)-(1762)-281186 Fax: +(91)-(1762)-281142


36

Tamil Nadu Chemicals Industries V. Saravanan (CEO) No. 2, 1st Street, Manikandapuram, Thirumullaivoyal, Chennai - 600062, Tamil Nadu, India Mobile: +(91)-9840970198, +(91)-9940204208 Telephone: +(91)-(44)-26370198 Fax: +(91)-(44)-26373346

Vinzai Chemical Industries Pvt Ltd. Parag Pradhan (Managing Director) A- 3, Ratnadeep, Mahant Road Extension, Vile Parle East, Mumbai - 400057, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9819900631 Telephone: +(91)-(22)-26111653, +(91)-(22)-26161316 Fax: +(91)-(22)-26124315

Arihant Chemical Nimesh Shah No. 102, Nahar Complex, First Floor, Above Amber Hotel, NH No. 8, G.I.D.C. Vapi - 396195, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9825148189, +(91)-9662548189 Telephone: +(91)-(260)-2430849, +(91)-(260)-2423152

Acuro Organics Ltd Rohit Karnani (Director Marketing) No.27, Ashoka Chambers, 5-B, Rajendra Park, New Delhi - 110060, India Mobile: +(91)-8882444999, +(91)-8882444000 Telephone: +(91)-(11)-47479797, +(91)-(11)-25735151 Fax: +(91)-(11)-25755507


37

PROCESS OUTLINES FOR ALUMINIUM SULFATE MANUFACTURE Aluminium sulfate is produced according to the following exothermic reaction:

2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 + 8H2O

→ Al2(SO4)3

.14H2O

∆f H

= -156 kJ mol-1

Alum is generally produced batch wise in a reactor. The reactor is a stirred vessel made of materials resistant to the acidity and heat of the reaction. The product produced until the mid 1960s was a lower grade aluminium sulfate made from bauxite or high alumina clays. This product generated silica waste and had too high a level of iron for papermakers, the major users of alum. In 1965 Farmers Fertiliser NZ Ltd changed to using aluminium trihydrate as a raw material for alum to satisfy the paper market.

Raw materials Aluminium trihydrate is purified from bauxite. Commercial bauxite (30-75% Al2O3) deposits occur in Australia, Jamaica, France, Guyana, Guinea, the USA and Brazil. Bauxite ore is dissolved in strong caustic soda to form sodium aluminate. The aluminium trihydrate is then precipitated by neutralisation (usually with carbon dioxide) or by autoprecipitation (the Bayer process).

Step 1 - Reacting the raw ingredients. The aluminium trihydrate is transported and stored in one tone bags. Each bag is carried by hoist to the feed hopper, where it is opened and conveyed to the reaction tank. The reaction water, trihydrate and sulfuric acid batch is stirred for a period of time with water vapour exiting through the stack.

Step 2 - Making the final product After the reaction period either liquid or solid alum is made. If liquid, the concentrated batch is run into the dilution tank filled with the dilution water where it cools over time. The liquid alum is then filtered and pumped to storage. There are overhead load out facilities at Morrinsville where a number of liquid chemicals are available in dispatch tanks for road tankers.


38

If solid is made, the concentrated alum is run into the casting pans where it sets, aided by fan cooling. The pans are fork lifted to storage racks and from there they are taken to the Crushing Plant and dropped into a hopper. The pieces are broken further by a large kibbler followed by a small kibbler and then screened. Oversize particles go to a bagging hopper and are sold as kibbled product. The screened alum is rotary crushed and further screened to either return to the rotary crusher or be bagged as ground product. Dust is continually collected through an extraction system and is sold as product. The Crushing Plant is flexible and the ratio of kibbled to ground aluminium sulfate is variable.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS All site effluent is managed by a Distributed Control System (DCS). Site run off and any spills are collected in sumps. All collection sumps have level probes which, once a limit is reached, start the sump pumps which pump the water through a common pH pot. If the pH is outside limits then the water goes to holding tanks where it is used with reaction water. If the pH is acceptable the water is discharged to the effluent stream. The effluent stream is pH monitored and is analysed for suspended solids.


39

DETAILED PROCESS DESCRIPTION (A) Bauxite Preparation Section: This consist of the crude bauxite bin, the hot air-swept ball tube mill with classifier the air heater, the storage bin for dried and ground bauxite and the bauxite handling equipment connected as required by the plant lay out. For a good reaction, the ground bauxite must pass a 32 mesh screen (0.5 m).

(B) Reaction Section: This comprises a reaction vessel, the sulphuric acid supply system, the bauxite feed hopper with dosing system, the product collecting tank, the evaporator, the necessary pumps and the auxillary equipment. The reactors are vertical cylindrical tank equipped with agitator and heating elements. Though the main reaction is exothermic, indirect steam heating is required towards the end of the reaction. Cycle to maintain the optimal reaction temperature of 105oC to 115oC. After 15 to 20 hour, the reaction is complete and the solution is pumped into the collecting tank. With bauxite, respect must be paid the iron content, which necessitates as 1 to 2 % lower concentration of Al2O3. Evaporation is effected under atmospheric pressure especially developed concentration vessels using indirect steam heating to be used. The boiling temperature is 110 to 115oC, depending on the type of product desired and on the raw material used.

Waste & Emission's:All scrubber waste water and evolved dust materials are collected and recycled into the process so no liquid effluents will burden the environment.


40

Packing & Marking:-

Packing: The material shall be supplied in bulk or in packages as agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier.

Marking: The packages shall be securely closed and marked with the following information:

(a)

Name & grade of the material.

(b)

Manufacturer's name and recognized trade-mark, if any;

(c)

Weight of material in the package;

(d)

Month and year of manufacture; and

(e)

Identification in code or otherwise to enable the batch of manufacture to be traced from records.


41

REQUIREMENT FOR ALUMINIUM SULPHATE Sl No.

Characteristic TECH

Requirement Pure

AR

1

Insoluble matter, percent by weight, max

0.30

0.02

0.005

2.

pH (of 5 % solution), not less than.

2.80

2.90

2.2

3.

Heavy metals (as pb), parts per million, max

-

40

10

4.

Iron (as Fe), percent by weight, Max

0.01

0.004

0.002

5.

Chlorides

-

-

To pass test

6.

Arsenic (as As2O3), parts per million,max

-

8

7.

Ammonium salts (as NH3), Percent by weight, max

-

0.025

0.025

8.

Aluminium (as Al2O3), (min.) %by weight.

17.0

16.6 to

17.6 to

9.

Sodium (as Na), % by weight, max

-

-

0.05

-

-

0.01

10. Potassium (as K), % by weight, Max


42

5

METHODS OF TEST FOR ALUM (ALUMINIUM SULFATE) Quality of Reagents:Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals and distilled water shall be employed in tests.

Note:- 'Pure chemicals' shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities which affect the result of analysis. Prepared Sample:Procedure:Crush about 200g of the material to pass 1.00 mm IS sieve. Keep this prepared sample in a clean glass - Stoppard weighing bottle.

DETERMINATION OF INSOLUBLE MATTER Reagents:Dilute sulphuric acid-approximately 1 N

Procedure:Weigh accurately about 10 gm of the prepared sample, mix with 10 ml of dilute sulphuric acid and dissolve in 100 ml of water by stirring and warming, if necessary. Filter through a tared filter paper or a sintered glass crucible (G No. 4) or a gooch crucible; wash the residue till it is free from soluble compounds and dry to constant weight at 105 o to 110oC.


43

Calculation:-

Insoluble matter, percent by weight =

100 w --------W

Where w = weight in g of the residue, and W = weight in g of the prepared sample taken for the test.

Determination of pH:Procedure: Take 5 g of the material and dissolve in 100 ml of freshly boiled and cooled water. Determine pH of the solution by means of a suitable pH meter, using glass electrodes.

Determination of Heavy Metals:Outline of the Method:-

Heavy metals are determined by comparing the colour produced by the material with sodium sulphide solution against that produced by standard lead solution.

Apparatus:Nessler Cylinders

50 ml capacity.

Reagents:Dilute ammonium hydroxide

approximately 4 N.

Sodium sulphide solution

10% (w/v).

Concentrated Nitric Acid


44

Standard Lead Solution:-

Dissolve 1.60 g of lead nitrate in water, add 1 ml of concentrated nitric acid and dilute the solution to 1000 ml. Pipette out 10 ml of this solution and then dilute to 1000 ml. One milliliter of the final solution is equivalent to 0.01 mg of lead (as Pb). The diluted solution shall be prepared.

Procedure:Weigh accurately 1.0 g of the prepared sample and dissolve in 20 ml of water. Transfer the solution to a Nessler cylinder and add 4 drops of sodium sulphide solution. Carry out a control test in another nessler cylinder using 4 ml of standard lead solution in place of the sample in case of pure grade and one milliliter in case of analytical reagent grade and the same quantities of other reagents in the same total volume of reaction mixture. Compare the colour produced in the two cylinders. The limit prescribed in table 1shall be taken as not having been exceeded if the intensity of the colour produced in the test with the sample is not greater than that produced in the control test.

Determination of Iron:Outline of the Method:Iron is determined calorimetrically by visual comparison using butanolic potassium thiocyanate solution.

Apparatus:Nessler cylinders

50 ml capacity

Reagents:Concentrated hydrochloric acid Ammonium persulphate-solid.


45

Butanolic Potassium Thiocyanate Solution:Dissolve 10g of potassium thiocyanate in 10 ml of water. Add sufficient nbutanol to make up to 100 ml and shake vigorously until the solution is clear.

Standard Iron Solution:Dissolve 0.702g of ferrous ammonium sulphate [Fe (NH4)2. 6 H2O] in 10 ml of dilute sulphuric acid (10% v/v) and dilute with water to 1000 ml. Take 10 ml of this solutoin and dilute to 100 ml. One millilitre of this solution contains 0.01 mg of iron (as Fe).

Procedure:Dissolve 10.0g of the prepared sample in water and make up the volume to 100 ml. Transfer 10 ml of this solution into a nessler cylinder and dilute with 30 ml of water. Add 1 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 30 mg of ammonium persulphate and 15 ml of butanolic potassium thiocyanate solution. Shake vigorously for 30 seconds and allow the butanol layer to separate. Carry out a control test in the second nessler cylinder using the following amounts of standard iron solution in place of the material and the same quantities of other reagents in the same total volume of the reaction mixture: (a) 10 ml in case of technical grade. (b) 4 ml in case of pure grade, and (c) 2 ml in case of analytical reagent grade.

The limit prescribed in table 1 shall be taken as not having been exceeded if the intensity of the colour produced in the test with the material is not greater than that produced in the control test.


46

Test for Chlorides:-

Reagents:-

Dilute nitric acid -5 N approximately. Silver nitrate solution- 5 percent (w/v)

Procedure:-

Dissolve 1.0g of the prepared sample in 50ml of water. Add one millilitre of dilute nitric acid and one millilitre of silver nitrate solution. The material shall be considered to have satisfied the requirements of the test if no opalescence is produced.


47

DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC Procedure:-

Dissolve 1.0 g of the prepared sample in 10 ml of water. Carry out the test for arsenic as prescribed in IS:2088-1962*, using for comparison a stain obtained with 0.008 mg of arsenic trioxide (as As2O3) in case of pure grade and 0.005 mg in case of analytical reagent grade of the material. The material shall be considered to have satisfied the requirement of the test if the length as well as the intensity of the stain obtained with the sample is not greater than that produced in the control test.


48

DETERMINATION OF THE AMMONIUM SALTS OUTLINE OF THE METHOD:-

Ammonium salts are determined with nessler solution which with ammonia to form a reddish brown collodial suspension.

reacts

APPARATUS:Nessler cylinders

50 ml capacity.

Reagents:Sodium hydroxide solution

approximately 5 N.

Nessler Solution:-

Dissolve 10 g of potassium iodide in 10 ml of ammonia-free water, and to it slowly with stirring saturated mercuric chloride solution until a light permanent precipitate forms. Add 30 g of potassium hydroxide and when it has dissolved, add 1 ml more of mercuric chloride solution, and dilute to 200 ml with ammonia-free water. Allow to settle overnight, decant the clear solution and keep it in a bottle closed with a well-fitting rubber stopper.

Standard Ammonium Chloride Solution:Dissolve 0.3141 g of ammonium chloride in water and make up to 1000 ml. One millilitre of this solution is equivalent to 0.1 mg of ammonia (as NH3).


49

Procedure:-

Weigh accurately 1.0 g of the prepared sample and dissolve in 20 ml of water in a nessler cylinder. Add 5 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and 1 millilitre of nessler solution. Make up the solution to 50 ml. Carry out a control test in another nessler cylinder with 2.5 ml of standard ammonium chloride solution in place of the material and the same quantities of other reagents. Compare the colour produced in the two cylinders. The limit prescribed shall be taken as not having been exceeded if the intensity of colour produced in the test with the material is not greater than that produced in the control test.

DETERMINATION OF ALUMINIUM

Two methods are prescribed, namely (a) Gravimetric method, and (b) Titration with EDTA solution. Gravimetric method shall be used, as referee method in case of dispute.

Gravimetric Method

Reagents:Ammonium chloride

solid.

Concentrated nitric acid Dilute ammonium hydroxide


Approximately 4 N.

50

Methyl red indicator-Dissolve 0.1 g of methyl red in 100 ml of rectified spirit. Ammonium nitrate solution Approximately 2 percent.

Procedure:Weigh accurately about 1 g of the prepared sample and dissolve it in 100 ml of water. Filter to remove the undisclosed matter and washed the filter *paper thoroughly. Add 5 g of ammonium chloride and 2 drops of concentrated nitric acid to the filtrate and washings; heat to boiling and add dilute ammonium hydroxide, drop by drop, until the solution smells faintly of ammonia and shows distinct yellow colour on the addition of two drops of methyl red indicator. Boil for 2 minutes, filter immediately through filter paper (whatman No. 40 or equivalent) and wash the residue with hot ammonium nitrate solution till the filtrate is free from chlorides. Dry the residue and ignite to constant weight at 1100 o to 1200oC in a tared porcelain or a silica crucible.

Calculation:Aluminium (as Al2O3), percent by weight =

100 X w -------------W

- A

where w = weight in g of the ignited residue, A = Percent by weight of iron as determined and W

= Weight in g of the prepared sample taken for the test.


51

EDTA METHOD:Reagents:Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) solution-0.1 M. Dissolve 37.225 g of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, dihydrate in water and make the volume to one litre in a volumetric flask.

Absolute alcohol Dithiozone indicator-0.025 percent in absolute alcohol. It shall be prepared afresh.

Acetic Acid:Ammonium Acetate Buffer Solution:Dissolve 7.709 g of ammonium acetate in 100 ml of water. Mix 6.005 g acetic acid in 100 ml of water. Mix both the solutions together. The final solution is in concentration of one mole of ammonium acetate and one mole of acetic acid per litre. Standard zinc chloride solution-0.1 M.

Procedure :Dissolve 2 g of the prepared in 25 ml of water. Add 50 ml EDTA solution followed by 10 ml of buffer solution and then 85 ml of absolute alcohol and 3 ml of dithiozone indicator. Titrate the excess of EDTA solution with standard zinc chloride solution until the colour changes from blue to reddish purple.

Calculation:Calculate the aluminium content of the material on the assumption that one millilitre of 0.1 M EDTA solution is equivalent to 0.0051 g of aluminium (as Al2O3).


52

Determination of Sodium:Determine sodium by flame photometer at 589 mus according to the directions of the manufacturer of the apparatus.

Determination of Potassium:Determine potassium by flame photometer at 766.5 mu according to the directions of the manufacturer of the apparatus.


53

SAMPLING OF ALUM (ALUMINIUM SULPHATE) General Requirements of Sampling:-

In drawing samples the following precautions and directions shall be observed. 1.

Samples shall not be taken in an exposed place.

2.

The sampling implement shall be clean and dry when used.

3. Precautions shall be taken to protect the samples, the material being sampled, the sampling implement and the containers for samples from adventitious contaminations. 4. To draw a representative sample, the contents of each container selected for sampling shall be mixed thoroughly by suitable means. 5. The samples shall be placed in suitable, clean, dry and air-tight glass containers which shall be sealed air-tight after filling and marked with full details of sampling.

SCALE OF SAMPLING:In a single consignment of the material all the containers of the same size and containing the same grade of material and drawn from the same batch of manufacture shall constitute a lot. If a consignment is known to consist of different batches of manufacture or of different types or sizes of containers, those belonging to the same batch, type and size shall be grouped together and each such group shall constitute a separate lot.


54

For ascertaining the conformity of the material in a lot to the requirements of the specification, tests shall be carried out for each lot separately. The number of containers to be selected at random from lots of different sizes shall be in accordance with table.

TABLE 2 SCALE OF SAMPLING Lot Size (N)

Sample Size (n)

Up to 25

3

26 “ 50

4

51 " 100

5

101 and above

7

Random number tables shall be used for selecting the containers. In case such tables are not available, the following procedure is recommended for use. Starting from any container at random, count them in one order as 1, 2, 3,......, etc, up to r and so on where r is the integral part of N/n (N and n being the lot size and sample size respectively). Every rth container thus counted shall be withdrawn to constitute the sample.


55

PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLES 1. From each of the containers selected, draw a small representative portion of aluminium sulphate approximately 100 g in weight. 2. Out of these portions, a small but equal quantity of the material shall be taken and mixed thoroughly to form a composite sample of weight about 200 g. The composite sample shall be divided into three equal parts, one for the purchaser, another for the supplier and the third to be used as a referee sample. 3. The referee sample shall bear the seal of both the purchaser and the supplier and shall be kept at a place agreed to between them, to be used in case of dispute between two.

NUMBER OF TESTS Tests for the determination of all the characteristics given in table 1 shall be conducted on the composite sample.

CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY

For declaring the conformity of the lot to the requirements of all the characteristics tested on the composite sample, the test results shall meet the corresponding requirements specified in table 1.


56

BLOCK DIAGRAM TO PRODUCE ALUMINIUM SULPHATE Bauxite Crushing Sulphuric Acid

Reactor

Black Ash

Glue Settling Tank

Evaporator

Granulator (2mm to 4mm)

Flaker

Testing & Quality Checkup

Testing & Quality Checku

Packaging

Packaging

Aluminium Sulphate, Non Ferric in Granule (2-4mm)


Aluminium Sulphate, Non Ferric in Flakes Form

57

FERRIC ALUM PLANT


58

ALUM Manufacturing Process : Alum (Aluminium Sulphate) is manufactured by the reaction of Alumina Hydrate and Bauxite with Sulphuric acid. Bauxite is ground in the pulveriser to 90% passing through 200 mesh and elevated to Batch Hopper through Bucket Elevator. Measured quantity of water is to be taken into the Lead bonded reactor and slowly concentrated Sulphuric acid is to be added in the reactor. After getting the required temperature in the reactor, slowly the ground bauxite is added . After the addition of measured quantity of Bauxite/Alumina Hydrate, the Agitator is kept on for about 45 minutes then the solution is dumped into the settling tank. The decanted solution of Aluminium Sulphate for the mixed process is then again taken to the Reactor and the required quantity of Sulphuric Acid is slowly added and after getting the temperature. The required quantity (as per the degree of solution) of Hydrated Alumina is slowly added keeping agitator rotating. After the addition of total quantity the Alum is moulded in the trays with the help of tray filling arrangement. The slabs after cooling are to be taken out from the trays and stacked in the store. The decanted solution for hot process is taken into the evaporator and the solution is concentrated to the required gravity and than moulded in the trays for cooling.

What is Alum and how does it control Algae? ALUM (aluminum sulfate) is a nontoxic material commonly used in water treatment plants to clarify drinking water. In lakes alum is used to control algae, not by killing the algal organisms, but by reducing the amount of the nutrient phosphorus in the water. Like most other plants, algae requires phosphorus to live an reproduce. Algal growth is usually limited by the amount of that mineral available in the water. Phosphorus enters the water either externally, from run-off or ground water, or internally, from the nutrient rich sediments on the bottom of the lake. Phosphorus is released from the sediments under anoxic conditions that occur when the lake stratifies and oxygen is depleted from the lower layer.


59

Even when external sources of phosphorus have been curtailed by best management practices, the internal recycling of phosphorus can support explosive algal growth. Alum is used primarily to control this internal loading of phosphorus from the sediments of the lake bottom. On contact with water, alum forms a fluffy aluminum hydroxide precipitate called floc. Aluminum hydroxide (the principle ingredient in common antacids such as Maalox) reacts with phosphorus to form an aluminum phosphate compound. This compound is insoluble in water under most conditions so the phosphorus in it can no longer be used as food by algae organisms. As the floc slowly settles, some phosphorus is removed from the water. The floc also tends to collect suspended particles in the water and carry them down to the bottom, leaving the lake noticeably clearer. On the bottom of the lake the floc forms a layer that acts as a phosphorus barrier by combining with phosphorus as it is released from the sediments. The floc is harmless to water creatures and aquatic plants. (Sorry, alum does not control rooted aquatic weeds.) A sediment alum treatment can last up to ten years, depending on how much alum is applied, and lake conditions such as sedimentation rate and external phosphorus loading. Best results are obtained when steps are first taken to control the external sources of phosphorus . Some of these steps are simple, like encouraging the use of phosphorus free fertilizers and detergents or discouraging large flocks of waterfowl. More costly measures may be necessary such as installing a sewer system, building sedimentation impoundments, and diverting agricultural and urban run-off. Alum can also be used to treat water from a nutrient rich inlet before it enters the lake. Any of these best management practices that are in place before the alum treatment will improve its effectiveness and extend its life.


60

Chemical Composition of Ferric Alum:

Characteristic

Requirement Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

1. Insoluble matter % by mass, Max

0.5

0.5

0.25

2. Soluble Iron compound, % by mass, Max *

0.7

0.7

0.35

16.0

15.0

7.5

4. pH of 5% aqueous solution, min

2.7

2.7

2.7

5. Basicity (as Al2O3), % by mass, Max **

0.5

0.5

0.25

7. Lead (as Pb) parts per million, max

30

30

15

8. Arsenic (as As2O3) parts per million

6

6

3

3. Water soluble aluminium compound as Al2O3 percentage by mass, min

6. Additional requirements for material required for purification of water

* soluble iron compounds (as Fe) , percent be mass, Max permissible for water purification purposes only shall be 1.0 for Grades 1 and 2 and 0.5 for

Grade 3

** the material of Grade 2 can also be supplied as having free acidity (as H2SO4) of 0.5% by mass, Max, if required by the purchaser, the pH in this case shall not be less than 2.3


61

Chemical composition of Non-Ferric Alum: Characteristic

Requirement Technical Grade

Pure Grade

AR Grade

0.30

0.02

0.005

2.8

2.9

2.2

-

4

10

0.01

0.004

0.002

1.

Insoluble matter % by mass, Max

2.

pH (of 5% Solution), min

3.

Heavy metals (as pb), parts per million, max

4.

Iron (as Fe), percent by mass, max

5.

Chlorides

-

-

to pass test

6.

Arsenic (as As2O3) parts per million

-

8

5

7.

Ammonium Salts (as NH3), percent by mass, max

-

0.025

0.025

8.

Aluminium (as Al2O3), percent by mass

17 min

16.6 - 17.6

16.6 - 17.6

9.

Sodium (as Na) percent by mass, max

-

-

0.05

-

-

0.01

10. Potassium (as K) percent by mass, max

Uses : - Technical Grade (TECH) used as a mordant in the dyeing of textiles and as a loading material for better grades of paper - Pure Grade B used in pharmaceutical preparations and where pure grade of the material is required , namely for clarifying oils and fats, preparation of aluminium resonates and other pure aluminium salts - Analytical reagent (AR) for use as a reagent in chemical analysis


62

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ALUMINIUM SULPHATE Trade Name: Synonyms: Product Use:

Aluminium Sulphate Alum Sizing paper, lakes, dyeing mordant, foaming agent, fireproofing, tanning, water proofing, fats clarifier, deodoriser, water purification, precipitating agent.

Hazards Identification NOT CLASSIFIED AS HAZARDOUS ACCORDING TO THE CRITERIA OF ASCC NOT CLASSIFIED AS A DANGEROUS GOOD BY THE CRITERIA OF THE ADG CODE UN Number: None allocated Hazchem Code: None Allocated SUSDP Classification: None allocated. Risk Phrases: Not Hazardous according to criteria of ASCC Safety Phrases: Not Hazardous according to criteria of ASCC Emergency Overview Physical Description & colour: White/Off white granular solid Odour: No odour Major Health Hazards: No significant risk factors have been found for this product if used in accordance with this MSDS. Potential Health Effects Ingestion: Ingestion of large amounts may result in serious injury. If swallowed may lead to oral and gastrointestinal irritation and local tissue damage. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and gastrointestinal bleeding may follow.

Eye Contact: This product is irritating to the eyes. It will cause discomfort such as stinging pain, watering and redness of the eyes. Effects may last after exposure has ceased, and in severe exposure, long lasting or even permanent effects such as corneal damage can occur


63

Skin: Dust may cause irritation to skin. Inhalation : Inhalation of dust may cause irritation to the respiratory tract due to sulphuric acid formed by moist tissues. Symptoms may include coughing and shortness of breath. Chronic Effects: Repeated or prolonged contact with dilute solutions may cause skin irritation. Carcinogen Status: ASCC: No significant ingredient is classified as carcinogenic by ASCC NTP: No significant ingredient is classified as carcinogenic by NTP. IARC: No significant ingredient is classified as ca rcinogenic by IARC. Composition/Information on Ingredients Ingredients Aluminium Sulphate

CAS No Conc.% 10043-01-3 >95

TWA (mg/m3) STEL (mg/m3) not set not set

This is a commercial product whose exact ratio of components may vary slightly. Minor quantities of other non hazardous ingredients are also possible. The TWA exposure value is the average airborne concentration of a particular substance when calculated over a normal 8 hour working day for a 5 day working week. The STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit) is an exposure value that should not be exceeded for more than 15 minutes and should not be repeated for more than 4 times per day. There should be at least 60 minutes between successive exposures at the STEL. The term "peak "is used when the TWA limit, because of the rapid action of the substance, should never be exceeded, even briefly

First Aid Measures General Information: You should call The Poisons Information Centre if you feel that you may have been poisoned, burned or irritated by this product. The number is 13 1126 from anywhere in Australia and is available at all times. Have this MSDS with you when you call.


64

Ingestion: If swallowed, immediately rinse mouth out with water. Give copious quantities of water to drink. Contact Poisons Information Centre or doctor immediately. Do not induce vomiting.

Eye Contact: Hold eye open and flush gently with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention. Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Thoroughly wash contaminated clothing before re-use. Inhalation : Remove victim to fresh air. Recovery is rapid after removal from exposure. Seek medical attention if irritation persists or breathing difficulties arise Advice to Doctor: Treat symptomatically Fire Fighting Measures Fire and Explosion Hazards: There is no risk of an explosion from this product under normal circumstances if it is involved in a fire. Fire decomposition (above 770oC) will result in toxic fumes of sulphur oxides

Extinguishing Media: Not Flammable. Use extinguishing media suited to burning materials. Fire Fighting: If a significant quantity of this product is involved in a fire, call the fire brigade. Flash point: Non Flammable Upper Flammability Limit: Not applicable Lower Flammability Limit: Not applicable Auto ignition temperature: Not applicable - does not burn. Flammability Class: Does not burn. Hazchem Code: None Allocated


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Accidental Release Measures Spillage: Minor spills do not normally need any special cleanup measures. In the event of a major spill, prevent spillage from entering drains or water courses. As a minimum, wear overalls, goggles and gloves. Stop leak if safe to do so, and contain spill. Sweep up and shovel or collect recovered product into labeled containers for recycling or salvage, and dispose of promptly. After spills, wash area preventing runoff from entering drains. If a significant quantity of material enters drains, advise emergency services. Ensure legality of disposal by consulting regulations prior to disposal. Thoroughly launder protective clothing before storage or re-use. Advise laundry of nature of contamination when sending contaminated clothing to laundry. Handling and Storage Handling: Before use carefully read the product label. Use of safe work practices are recommended to avoid eye or skin contact and inhalation. Observe good personal hygiene, including washing hands before eating. Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking in contaminated areas.

Storage: Store in cool, dry area removed from foodstuffs, combustible materials, herbicides and fungicides. Ensure containers are labeled, protected from physical damage and sealed when not in use. Keep from extreme heat and open flames and make sure that the product does not come into contact with substances listed under "Materials to avoid"

Exposure Limits Aluminium Sulphate

TWA (mg/m3) STEL (mg/m3) ADI (mg/Kg/day) NOEL (mg/Kg/day) not set not set not set not set


66

Exposure limits have not been set for other ingredients in product. The STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit) is an exposure value that should not be exceeded for more than 15 minutes and should not be repeated for more than 4 times per day. There should be at least 60 minutes between successive exposures at the STEL. The exposure value at the TWA is the average airborne concentration of a particular substance when calculated over a normal 8 hour working day for a 5 day working week. A TWA has not been established by Work safe Australia for any of the major ingredients in this product. There is a blanket limit of 10mg/m3 for dusts or mists when limits have not otherwise been established. The nature of this product makes it unlikely that this level will be approached in normal use. ADI means Acceptable Daily Intake and NOEL means No-observable-effect-level. Values taken from Australian ADI List, Dec 2003. No special equipment is usually needed when occasionally handling small quantities. The following instructions are for bulk handling or where regular exposure in an occupational setting occurs without proper containment systems.

Ventilation: Avoid high dust concentration and provide local exhaust ventilation where necessary. Eye Protection: Eye protection such as protective glasses or goggles is recommended when using this product. Skin Protection: Wear gloves or gauntlets and long sleeves when using this product to protect against skin irritation Respirator: Use P2 type canister respirator where high concentrations of airborne dust is present Provision of eye wash facilities and safety shower recommended. Wash hands before eating, drinking, smoking or going to toilet, launder protective clothing before re-use.


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Physical and Chemical Properties: Physical Description & colour: Odour: Melting Point: Decomposition Temperature: Flash Point: Vapour Pressure: Specific Gravity Water Solubility: pH (1% solution): Auto ignition temp:

White to off white granular solid No odour No data 770oC Non-flammable N/A 2.71 at 20oC Soluble 470g/l (25oC) 3.5 Not applicable

Stability and Reactivity Reactivity : This product is unlikely to react or decompose under normal storage conditions. Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames. Incompatibilities: Bases, oxidising agents, zinc, tin, aluminium and their alloys. Fire Decomposition Products: Ammonia & sulphur trioxides Polymerisation: This product is unlikely to undergo polymerisation processes. Disposal Considerations Disposal: There are many pieces of legislation covering waste disposal and they differ in each state and territory, so each user must refer to laws operating in their area. In some areas, certain wastes must be tracked. The Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle and only if all else fails should disposal be considered. Special help is available for the disposal of Agricultural Chemicals. The product label will give general advice regarding disposal of small quantities, and how to cleanse containers. Transport Information ADG Code: This product is not classified as a Dangerous Good. No special transport conditions are necessary unless required by other regulations.


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PLANT LAYOUT

Raw material storage 1000 Sq.Mtr

Finished Products Storage 1000 Sq.Mtr

Testing Lab 100 Sq.mtrs.

Toilet

Production shed 4000 sq.mt.

Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxx GREEN PATCH xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

OUT GATE

Parking

IN GATE

Total Land Area 12,000 Sq.mt.


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Admn. Building 100 sq.mt.

Security Guard Room

COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS OF FERRIC ALUM PLANT Megatech International Private Limited Contact Person : Parveen Sharma (Managing Director) Mr. Rajneesh Raghuyal Address : G-1,1428, RIICO Industrial Area, Phase V, Bhiwadi, Alwar (India) - 301019 Mobile : +(91) - 9772214144, +(91) - 9811019495 Phone : +(91) - (1493) – 512430

Gayatri Fertiplants International Pvt. Ltd Contact Person : K. R. Sharma. Sh arma. (Managing Director) Address :C – 15, Double Storey, Ramesh Nagar, New Delhi – 110015 (INDIA) Mobile No: +91 9772964748, +91 9352530222 Telefax : +91 11 25937061 E – mail : [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected] Website : http://www.fertilizerplants.in


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TO GET REQUIRED CERTIFICATION & OTHER FORMALITES FOR EXPORTING NON FERRIC ALUMINIUM SULPHATE Basic Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Export Promotion Council Jhansi Castle, 7, Cooperage Road, Mumbai-400039 Ph: 202-1288/1330, 202-6549/6684


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ADDRESSES OF CONSULTANTS DRA Chemicals Research & Developments Pvt.Ltd. RM-12, Milap Nagar Dombivli – 421203, Dist- Thane Maharashtra Ph: 0251-2456263 Fax: 0251-2456263 Email:[email protected]

Larson & Toubro Ltd. L & T House, Ballard Estate Mumbai-400001 Ph : (022)- 22685656 Fax: 022-22685656

Technimont ICB (P) Ltd, Building No. 2, Plot No. 504 Chincholo Bunder Link Road, Malad (W), Mumbai-400 064 Ph: 022-56945555, 56945500 Fax: 022-56945599 E-mail:[email protected]

Uhde India Ltd. Wide House LBS Marg, Vikhroli Mumbai-400 083 Ph: 022-55968000 Fax:022-25786187 Email:[email protected]


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ADDRESSES OF PILOT PLANT SUPPLIERS Acmefil Engineering Systems (P) Ltd. 535, Phase-II, GIDC Industrial Estate, Vatva, Ahmedabad-382445 Ph: 079-25890722 Fax 079-25890722 Email:[email protected]

Chemac Equipments (P) Ltd. MJ B souza Compound Saphed Pool, Saki Naka Mumbai-400072 Ph: 022-285107777, 28592352 Fax: chemac@bom4. vsnl.net.in

Star Scientific Glass Cor. C-14-A, Serdar Estate, Ajwa Road, Vadodara-390019 Gujarat Ph- 0265-2514417 Email:info@star scientific india.com

Xytel India (P) Ltd. EL-31/14, J-Block MIDC Industrial Estate, Bhosari Pune-411026 Ph- 020-27126554, 27124548 Fax: (020)-27125048 Email:[email protected]


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SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL (INDIAN) BAUXITE Shree SiddhiVinayak Enterprise Meet Mr. Vasant Bhai Bhatt No. 34/3, Madhav Residency, Opposite Modi School, 150 Feet Ring Road Rajkot - 360007, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9427158929, +(91)-9427444514

Sree Bhagyalaxmi Coal and Minerals Trading Pvt. Ltd. B. Laxminarayana (Managing Director) Police Line, Opposite DCP Office, New Tirumala Nagar, Amberpet Hyderabad - 500013, Telangana, India Mobile: +(91)-7095395721, +(91)-9441642929 Telephone: +(91)-(40)-27400900 Fax: +(91)-(40)-27400900

Ceramics International S. Srikrishna (Chief Executive) T1 & T2, Green Palace, Bharathi Street, Subramania Nagar Salem - 636 005, Tamil Nadu, India Mobile: +(91)-9003923346 Telephone: +(91)-(427)-2334697 Fax: +(91)-(427)-2334696

Global Impex Prashant Kumar Call Us: 08046033163 No. 68, V.H.B. Colony, Chandan Nagar, Medical Square, Nagpur - 440024 Maharashtra, India


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Anico Anil K. Dutt Call Us: 08048400078 No. 502, 5th Floor, Samir Building, kothi road, Vadodara - 390001 Gujarat, India

Shanker Agencies Private Limited Mohan Tenja Call Us: 08048429342 553, Main G.T. Road Shahdara New Delhi - 110032, India


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SULPHURIC ACID Krunal Acid Agency Krunal R. Patel [Manager] (Mobile : +91-98987 28965) Plot No. 3209, Phase-IV, G.I.D.C. Vatva, Ahmedabad-382445. INDIA Phone : +91-79-2584 0982 [O] ; 2584 1654 [F] Email : [email protected]

Sai Chemicals 404, Atria, Street opp, Atithi Restaurant, Judges Bungalow Road, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad - 380 054 Tel : +91-79-65222201 Fax: +91-79-30178953 Email : [email protected]

Virgin Acids & Solvents Plot No. 581, Sy. No. 167, Phase-v, Extension Dhoolapally, Road IDA Jeedimetla Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh Pin Code : 500055 Phone : +91-40-23092444 Fax : +91-40-23092444 Email: [email protected] Mobile: +91-9393436690 Web Site : www.virginacids.com

BIC Chemicals And Packagings Pvt Ltd's Phone: 91-2525-278142 Mobile: 919930429234 Website: www.biccppl.com Office Address:N-215, MIDC TARAPUR boss: Mr. Shyamlal Laxminarayan Sharma


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BARIUM SULPHIDE

Triveni Chemicals No. 135, Pancharatna Char Rasta, G. I. D. C. Vapi - 396195, Gujarat (India) Telephone: +(91)-(260)-6618618 Fax : +(91)-(260)-6618624 Mobile No :+91 92277 88155 Call Us : +(91)-8447574103 Website: www.triveniinterchem.com E-mail : [email protected]

Valour Impex Rushi Singhania (Chairman) No. 302, Rupa Plaza, 3rd Floor, Jawahar Road, Near L. I. C. Office, Ghatkopar East, Mumbai - 400077, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9820947737, +(91)-9769551110 Telephone: +(91)-(22)-25011866, +(91)-(22)-25011862 Fax: +(91)-(22)-25010865

Sri Kailash Chemicals Lakshmanan B. (Partner) No. 3, 2nd Street, Ganapathy Colony, Ekkattuthangal, Chennai - 600032, Tamil Nadu, India Mobile: +(91)-9381168311, +(91)-9444915827 Telephone: +(91)-(44)-43563021, +(91)-(44)-22251911 Fax: +(91)-(44)-22253099

Quality Barium Chemicals Private Limited Sanjay Mittal Call Us: 08049676586 E - 56, Indraprastha Industrial Area Kota - 324005, Rajasthan, India


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SS Chemicals reddaias Call Us: 08048422172 Plot No-101,102,113 & 114 MIP Kopparthi, Kadapa, Kadapa - 516004 Andhra Pradesh, India

Rahul Barium Chemicals Private Limited Chandu Tamma Mobile: 09849421233 Phone: 040-23160823 Plot No 14(Part), APIIC -Gollapuram, Near Tumukunta Check Post, Hindupur, Anantapur, Anantapur - 515211 Andhra Pradesh, India

Athiappa Chemicals Private Limited Phone: 0413-2271351 Phone: 0413-2272288 A 52 to A 55, PIPDIC Industrial Estate Mettupalayam - 605009, Tamil Nadu, India

Maharshi Barium Salts Private Limited B. P. Reddy Call Us: 08042959221 No. 6-8-973, 502, 1st floor, NGO Colony, Tirupati - 517501 Andhra Pradesh, India

Indian Barytes & Chemicals Limited Madan Kandula Mobile: 09966177666 No.148, Vanguard House, 2nd Line Beach, Parrys, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India


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SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS (GLOBAL) Zhejiang Friend Chemical Co.,Ltd No.1111 Yashan West Road,Zhapu Town, Jiaxing City,Zhejiang Province,China Jiaxing city, Zhejiang province 314201 China Tel: 13750795308 Fax: +86 573 89170303 Website: http://www.friend-chem.com Contact: Daisy Cai, sales manager

Zhengzhou Grandchem Imp.&exp.co.,Ltd Address : No.38,Nongye Road,Zhengzhou, China, Zhengzhou, HENAN, China Telephone : +86-37186097690 Mobile Phone : +86-37186097690


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SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY Praj Industries Limited, "Praj Tower" 274 & 275/2, Bhumkar Chowk-Hinjewadi Road, Hinjewadi, Pune : 411057, INDIA. Phone : +91-20-71802000 / 22941000 Fax : +91-20-71802000 / 22941000 E-mail: [email protected] Linde Engineering India Pvt. Ltd. 'Linde House' Opp. VUDA office VIP Road Karelibaug Vadodara 390018, Gujarat India Phone: +91.265.3056789 Fax: +91.265.2461757 Email: [email protected] Nuberg Engineering Ltd Nuberg House Noida (U.P.) Mob. 9810566294, 9582107889 Ph: 91-120-2403102, 2403103

Regional Offices Ashok Gaur K-101/G, Sheikh Sarai, Phase II New Delhi, 110017 India Phone: +91.11.2925-0270 Fax: +91.11.2925-4649 Email: [email protected]


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Shibaditya Sen Rupa Solitaire, Millenium Business Park, Office No.1514, 15 Floor, Mahape, Thane Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai - 400 710 Phone: +91.22.6174 1200 (Ext.211) Fax: +91.22.6174 1210 Mobile: +91 99099.31421 Email: [email protected]

REACTOR Dipesh Engineering Works Sej Plaza, 1-3, 3rd Floor, Junction Of S. V. Road & Marve Road, Near Nutan High School, Malad West, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 064, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-40736736 Fax: +(91)-(22)-40736737 Website: www.jbpatelgroup.com/agitators.html

Jaya Industries, No. 543, Jessore Road, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700 028, India Phone: +(91)-(33)-25513568 / 25600361 Website: www.jayaindustriesgroup.com/reactor.html

Nes India Engineers, Sector No. 10, Plot No. 106, P. C. N. T. D. A., MIDC, Bhosari Near IMES Of India Press, Pune, Maharashtra - 411 026, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-65100608 Preferred Number: +(91)-8447524763 Website: www.nesindiaengineers.com/industrial-reactors.html


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Air Care Equipments, Dreams Aakruti, C - 102, Plot No. 1, S. R. No. 52, Kalepadad, Near Dhere Concrete Company, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra - 411 028, India Preferred Number: +(91)-8447530707 Website: www.aircareequipments.com/chemical-reactors.html Ahlada Industries Private Limited Sy.67, Bahadurpally, Qutbullapur Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh - 500043, India Phone: +(91)-(40)-23094301 / 23194302 / 23094300 Fax: +(91)-(40)-23094300 Website: www.ahladaindustries.net/jacketed-reactors.html

Kwality Process Equipments Private Limited Plot No. 198, Sector - 1, Vasai Taluka, I. E. Gauraipada, Thane, Maharashtra - 401 208, India Phone: +(91)-(250)-6417968 / 2453438 Preferred Number: +(91)-8447520194 Website: www.kwalityengineeringcorporation.com/jacket-type-reactor-vessel.html

D.M. Engg. Co Unit No. 4, Building No. 5 - A, Rajprabha Mohan Industrial Estate, Off W. E. Highway, Naikpada, Vasai, Maharashtra - 410 208, India Phone: +(91)-(250)-3217484 Fax: +(91)-(250)-2456877 / 28803259 Preferred Number: +(91)-8447525617 Website: www.frpaquatech.com/chemical-process-equipment.html


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Excel Plants & Equipment Pvt Ltd Gat No. 611, Mouje Kuruli, Chakan M. I. D. C., Tal- Khed, Pune, Maharashtra - 410 501, India Phone: +(91)-(2135)-679717 / 679704 / 679705 / 679701 Fax: +(91)-(2135)-679706 Preferred Number: +(91)-8447577046 Website: www.excelplants.com/chemical-plants-equipments.html

Raymer Engineering No. 20, Thakkar Industrial Estate, 3rd- Floor, Unit No. 7, Chapsi Bhimji Road, Mazgaon, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 010, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-23774333 Fax: +(91)-(22)-23729904 Website: www.raymerengineering.com/ball-mill.html

PM Industries, Gate No. 53, Chikhali - Dehugaon Road, A. P. Talawade, Pune, Maharashtra - 412 114, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-27690777 / 27690888 Fax: +(91)-(20)-27690777 Preferred Number: +(91)-8447496560 Website: www.pmindustriesindia.com/plough-shear-mixer.html

YSM Biotech International B- 96, Ground Floor, Part-2, Asoka Enclave, Sector- 37, Faridabad, Haryana - 121 003, India Phone: +(91)-(129)-4175203 Fax: +(91)-(129)-4175203 Website: www.ysmbiotech.com/pharma-processing-plant.html


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Pratham Engineering A - 04, Bharat Compound, Opposite Dhodiya Petrol Off W. E. Highway, Kashimira, Mira Road East, Thane, Maharashtra - 401 104, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-28457360 Fax: +(91)-(22)-28457360 Preferred Number: +(91)-8373902704 Website: www.paintindustrymachines.com/contra-chem-fab.html

V. Venuvinod, Partner A M POWER EQUIPMENT Ashok Chambers, 4-6, S D Road, Secunderabad-500004, Andhra Pradesh Phone: +91 40 27892919, 27893818 Email: [email protected]

Mr. A. E. Lalu AFFAN ENGINEERS D-222/31, T.T.C. Ind. Area, MIDC, Shirwane, Navi Mumbai-400706, Maharashtra Phone: 022-27631182/26125388

EVAPORATORS

Mr. Harmeet Singh (Dir) Airfrige Industries 10/65, Kirti Nagar Indl. Area New Delhi-110015 Phone:011-25931909, 25931972, 25927219 Email: [email protected];[email protected]


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S. Muthaiah, Executive Personal Officers Anmas Ahlstrom Ltd 304 - 305, Iv Floor, Guna Buildging, Anna Salai, Teynampet Chennai-600018, Tamil Nadu Phone: +91 44 24338050, 24338051 Email: [email protected]

Shachi Engineering Private Limited Gat No. 271, A/Po Bhare, Tal. Pirangut, Dist., Pune, Maharashtra - 411 001, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-66546900 Mobile: +(91)-9822019088 / 9689944881 Website: www.shachiindia.com/industrial-evaporators.html

S. S. Gas Lab Asia Pvt. Ltd No. A-6/3, Jhilmil Industrial Area, G. T. Road, Delhi - 110 095, India Phone: +(91)-(11)-22583963 / 22583247 / 22134816 Fax: +(91)-(11)-22592770 / 22134814 Mobile: +(91)-9811044011 Website: www.hydrogengasplants.com/evaporators-vaporizers.html

Fenix Process Technologies Pvt. Ltd. K - 6 / 1, Malini, Near Mangeshkar Hospital, Erandwane Cooperative Housing Society, Pune, Maharashtra - 411 004, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-65008772 / 65008773 Fax: +(91)-(20)-25458454 Mobile: +(91)-9970063744 / 9860723222 Website: www.chemicalprocessingplant.com/evaporator-system.html


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Shamboo Scientific Glass Works No. 9, Pooja Vihar, Near Industrial Area, Ambala Cantt, Ambala, Haryana - 133 006, India Phone: +(91)-(171)-2699441 Fax: +(91)-(171)-4005910 / 2699441 Mobile: +(91)-9215540769 / 7206040769 Website: www.ssgwlab.com/laboratory-equipment.html

Advanced Drying Systems 5-B, Madhu Kunj, Vinod Baug, Upashana Lane, Off. Juhu Lane, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 058, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-26202463 Fax: +(91)-(22)-26202437 Mobile: +(91)-9820000907 Website: www.advanceddrying.com/falling-film-evaporator.html

S. S. Gas Lab Asia Private Limited, No. A-6/3, Jhilmil Industrial Area, G. T. Road, Delhi - 110 095, India Phone: +(91)-(11)-22583963 / 22583247 / 22134816 Fax: +(91)-(11)-22592770 / 22134814 Website: www.co2gasplants.com/fumigation.html

Food And Biotech Engineers India Private Limited Chaprola Road, Prithla, Tehsil- Palwal, District - Faridabad, Haryana - 121 102, India Phone: +(91)-(1275)-262157 / 262158 Fax: +(91)-(1275)-262259 Mobile: +(91)-9312069945 Website: www.dairyfoodtech.com/evaporators.html


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S. S. Gas Lab Asia Pvt. Ltd. No. A-6/3, Jhilmil Industrial Area, G. T. Road, Delhi, Delhi - 110 095, India Phone: +(91)-(11)-22583963 / 22583247 / 22134816 Mobile: +(91)-9811213893 Website: www.liquidgasplants.com/evaporators-vaporizers.html

SSP Pvt Limited 13 Mile Stone, Mathura Road, Faridabad, Haryana - 121 003, India Phone: +(91)-(129)-4183700 / 4183799 Mobile: +(91)-9350049747 Website: www.sspindia.com/industrial-evaporators.html

Innovative Engineers S. No. 821 / 2, Charholi B. K., Behind Maharashtra Ware Housing Corporation, Nasik Road, T. A. L. Haveli, Pune, Maharashtra - 411 038, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-20280144 / 25388341 Mobile: +(91)-9860179168 / 9011537142 Website: www.innovativeindustries.net/falling-film-evoporators.html

New Era Dairy Engineers (I) Pvt Ltd. B-68, Sector-64, Noida, Uttar Pradesh - 211 001, India Phone: +(91)-(120)-4549160 / 4549161 Mobile: +(91)-9810396782

Sanjivani Phythopharma Pvt. Ltd C-209, Belapur Railway Station Complex, C.B.D Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 614, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-27563816 Fax: +(91)-(22)-27574535 Mobile: +(91)-9323409461 Website: www.sanjivaniphytopharma.com


87

Chemie Prozessors, No. 10-11, Ajay Society, Gotri Road, Near T. B. Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat - 390 021, India Phone: +(91)-(265)-2398340 Mobile: +(91)-9898077236

Nes India Engineers, Sect No. 10, Plot No. 106, PCNTDA, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra - 411 026, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-65100608 Mobile: +(91)-9860753071 / 8805985241 Website: www.nesindiaengineers.com/

Excel Plants & Equipment Pvt Ltd Gate No. 611, Mouje Kuruli, Chakan M. I. D. C., Tal- Khed, Pune, Maharashtra - 410 501, India Phone: +(91)-(2135)-679717 / 32334808 / 679704 Mobile: +(91)-9822094773 / 8149223600 Website: www.excelplants.com/industrial-equipment.html

Enviro Solutions & Services 10/2, Fifth Cross Extension, Bharathi Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641 006, India Phone: +(91)-(422)-6556501 Mobile: +(91)-9843030427

Excel Plants & Equipment Private Limited Gate No. 611, Mouje Kuruli, Chakan M. I. D. C., Tal- Khed, Pune, Maharashtra - 410 501, India Phone: +(91)-(2135)-679704 / 679711 / 679717 Mobile: +(91)-9960994160 Website: www.excelspraydryers.com/centrifuge-machine.html


88

Crystal Engineers No. 207, Indulal Complex, L.B. Shastri Road, Navi Peth, Pune, Maharashtra - 411 030, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-24530532 / 24530554 Mobile: +(91)-9822009549

Shachi Engineering Private Limited "Gat No. 271, A/Po Bhare, Tal. Pirangut, Pune, Maharashtra, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-66546900 / 31026954 Mobile: +(91)-9822019088 / 9689944881

Padmavati Fabrications No. C-1, 6028, Phase-IV, G. I. D.C., Vapi, Gujarat - 396 195, India Phone: +(91)-(260)-2452304 Mobile: +(91)-9227803237 Comp Engineering And Exports 3025/8, Shreenidhi Chambers, Senapati Bapat Road, Pune, Maharashtra - 411 016, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-25658205 / 25658206 Mobile: +(91)-9823028337 / 9422004125 Website: www.compevaporators.com/falling-film-evaporators.html

Shri Sai Technic No. 396, Bhavani Niwas, Ram Mandir Road, Khar West Khar Danda, Opp Vastav Tea Stall , Khar West, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 052, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-26054323 / 26055129 Mobile: +(91)-9819068939


89

P Square Technologies D- 304, Ganesh Nabhangan, Raiker Nagar, Dhairee, Pune, Maharashtra - 411 041, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-24305381 Mobile: +(91)-9970173967 Website: www.psquaretech.in/drying-system.html

Triveni Engineering Plot No. 62, Yamuna Estate, GIDC, Phase- II, Vatva, Ahmedabad, Gujarat - 382 445, India Phone: +(91)-(79)-25830411 Fax: +(91)-(79)-25830411 Mobile: +(91)-9825095243 / 9879476859

GRADING SCREEN/ VIBRATING SCREEN

International Wirenetting Industries V. S. Jain 1, Marudhar Industrial Estate, Tembhode-Satpati Road , Village Aliyali, Palghar, Mumbai - 401404, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9324278215, +(91)-9321134002 Telephone: +(91)-(22)-23464884, +(91)-(22)-23464885 +(91)-(22)-23464885 Fax: +(91)-(2525)-251188

Head Office :: Contact Person : Mr. KVM Bhat Address : Plot No. 690, Udyamag Industrial In dustrial Area Belgaum -590 006, Karnataka, (India) Call Us : +(91)-8447496367 Email : [email protected], [email protected] Tel : +(91)-(831)-2440107/4202526/4202527/4202529 +(91)-(831)-2440107/4202526/4202527/4202529 Mob :+(91)-9611165669 Fax : +(91)-(831)-2431976/2440107


90

Branch Office :: Address : Plot No. 690, Udyamag Industrial In dustrial Area, Belgaum - 590 006, Karnataka, (India) Email : [email protected] Tel : +(91)-(831)-2440107 / 4202526 / 4202527 / 4202529 Mob : +(91)-9611165669 Fax : +(91)-(831)-2431976 / 2440107

Amsons Industries Radhanpuri (Owner) Near Railway Line, Old Khallakpura, Dholka Ahmedabad - 387810, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9825303601, +(91)-9173472747 Telephone: +(91)-(2714)-221265 K. V. Metal Works Krishna Verma (Proprietor) No. 137 - A, Adarsh Mechanic Nagar, Bhamori Indore - 452001, Madhya Pradesh, India Mobile: +(91)-9302106108 Telephone: +(91)-(731)-2559245 Fax: +(91)-(731)-2559245

Kiran Wirenetting Stores Krishna Dudhoria / Mr. Vikas Jain No. 113A, N. S. Road, Ground Floor Kolkata - 700001, West Bengal, India Mobile: +(91)-9830547721, +(91)-9903702019 Telephone: +(91)-(33)-22707331


91

COOLING TOWERS Sant Engineering Industries No. 580, Main Faiz Road, Street No.17, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005, Delhi, India Mobile: +(91)-9868107361, +(91)-9717263888 Telephone: +(91)-(11)-23521090, +(91)-(11)-23679498 Email: [email protected]

EPP Composites Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 2646, Kranti Gate Main Road, GIDC, Lodhika Industrial Estate, Kalawad Road, Metoda, Rajkot - 360021, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9099072581, +(91)-9099072505 Telephone: +(91)-(2827)-287060, +(91)-(2827)-287059, +(91)-(2827)-287061 Fax: +(91)-(2827)-287063 Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Ram Tech 3/914, Kundrathur Road, Madanandapuram, Porur Chennai - 600125, Tamil Nadu, India Mobile: +(91)-9841187346, +(91)-9551695172, +(91)-9176687346 Telephone: +(91)-(44)-65417494, +(91)-(44)-24826319 Fax: +(91)-(44)-24826319 Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Dakle Industrial Plastics 713, 40 Shed Area Vapi - 396195, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9898574796, +(91)-9377550067 Telephone: +(91)-(260)-2431646 Fax: +(91)-(260)-2432359


92

Patel Engineering Associates No 4, Kailash Complex, Near Galaxy Cinema, N.H. 8, Naroda, Ahmedabad - 382330, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9825282185, +(91)-9825500444 Telephone: +(91)-(79)-22840605 Precision Cooling System No. 2 - B, Maduvankarai, 1st Street, Off M. K. N. Road, Alandur, Chennai - 600016, Tamil Nadu, India Mobile: +(91)-9444254152, +(91)-9840037621 Telephone: +(91)-(44)-22343185, +(91)-(44)-22311587 Fax: +(91)-(44)-22311587 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Coron Cooling Towers Private Limited W-50, Sector-11, Noida - 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India Mobile: +(91)-9810899089 Telephone: +(91)-(120)-4590000 Fax: +(91)-(120)-4335001 Worldtech Group Of Companies No. 428, AB Road, Opposite United Petrol Pump, Rau Indore - 452010, Madhya Pradesh, India Mobile: +(91)-8889711182, +(91)-8889711180, +(91)-9754034449 Telephone: +(91)-(731)-3291180

K. G. Corporation Address : No. 306, Sarita, Jain Temple, St. Xavier's College Road Off C. G. Road, Navarangpura - Ahmedabad - 380 009, Gujarat, India Mobile : +(91)-9824250640 Email : [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Telefax : +(91)-(79)-26564875/26441292


93

BOILERS

Saz Boilers Plot No. 44, Swami Vivekanand Indl. Estate, Sasane Nagar, Hadapsar, Pune - 411028, Maharashtra, INDIA Tel. No. : + 91-20-26970840, Telefax : + 91-20-26970420 Mobile : + 91 - 98220 36995 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Visit Also: www.sazboilers.com, www.sazboilers.in www.steamboilersindia.com, www.thermalfluidheaters.net www.sazboilers.co.in, www.hotwater-generators.com

Balkrishna Boilers Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Manish Patel +919825024450 Mr. Paresh Patel +919898011090 Plot No. 78/8, GIDC Vatva, Opp. Abad Bread, Ahmedabad-382445, Gujarat, India. Ph:(O) +91- 079 - 25894701, +91- 079 - 25894702 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Web: www.balkrishn.com

Kumar Metal Industries Private Limited 101, Kakad Bhavan, 30th Road, Opp. Gaiety Galaxy Cinema, Bandra (West), Thane, Maharashtra - 400 050, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-26441667 / 26441664 / 26441663 / 26427982 Website: www.solvent-extraction-plant.com/oil-mill-category.html

Real Boilers Pvt. Ltd. No. 906, Span Trade Center, Opposite Kochrab Ashram, Near Paldi Cross Road, Paldi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat - 380006, India Phone: +(91)-(79)-26577222


94

Mohit International No. 176/3, Street No. 1, Kailash Nagar, Backside Mohan Dai Oswal Cancer Hospital, Sherpur Road, Ludhiana, Punjab - 141 010, India Phone: +(91)-(161)-2673300 Fax: +(91)-(161)-2673300 Website: www.expellermachine.com/oil-mill-boiler.html

Piyush Steel Pvt. Ltd. No. 54, Bhandari Street, 1st Kumbharwada, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400004, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-23867540 / 67437649 / 67437267 Fax: +(91)-(22)-23898587 Website: www.stainlesssteelfittingsindia.net/boiler-tube.html

PSA Nitrogen Ltd. No. D-9/6, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-I, New Delhi, - 110 020, India Phone: +(91)-(11)-30884060 / 65959790 / 26815336 / 26815337 Fax: +(91)-(11)-26815337 Website: www.psanitrogen.net/

Isotex Corporation Pvt Ltd 1st Floor, Sambhaav House, Ahmedabad, Gujarat - 380054, India Phone: +(91)-(79)-26871911 / 26871912 / 22804249 Website: www.isotexindia.com/industrial-boilers.html

Popular Science Apparatus Workshops Pvt. Ltd. 3724, Opposite Kali Bari Mandir, Ambala Cantt, Ambala, Haryana - 133 001, India Phone: +(91)-(171)-2600082 / 4006082 Fax: +(91)-(171)-2641462 / 4004082 Website: www.popularscientific.com/physics-lab-equipment.html


95

Prime Thermals Private Limited P - 214, C. I. T. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700 010, India Phone: +(91)-(33)-23708506 / 23536029 Fax: +(91)-(33)-23731718 Website: www.primethermals.net/agro-wastefired-boiler.html

Shambhavi Impex No. 108, Neco Chamber, 1st Floor, Plot No. 48, Sector -11, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400614, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-27561320 Fax: +(91)-(22)-40125630 Website: www.shambhaviimpex.com/educational-laboratory-equipment.html

H. L. Scientific Industries No. 175/10, Bank Road, Opposite Power House, Mohan Lal Building, 1st Floor, Ambala, Haryana - 133 001, India Phone: +(91)-(171)-2643035 / 4009035 / 2631642 Fax: +(91)-(171)-2643035 / 2631642 Website: www.hlscientific.in/physics-research-instruments.html


96

CRUSHER

R. D. Mining Equipments Pvt Ltd A - 18 / 1, M. I. D. C. Industrial Area, Ambad, Nashik, Maharashtra - 422 010, India Phone: +(91)-(253)-6619944 / 2387799 Fax: +(91)-(253)-6607591 Mobile: +(91)-9028008433

Asian Engineers No. 78 / 1 - W, G. I. D. C., Makrpura, Vadodara, Gujarat - 390 010, India Phone: +(91)-(265)-2658927 Mobile: +(91)-9227106509

Rajco Scientific And Engineering Products 36/1, Ground Floor, Ashok Nagar, Delhi - 110 018, India Phone: +(91)-(11)-25130328 / 25595857 / 25529384 Fax: +(91)-(11)-25130329 / 25529384 Mobile: +(91)-9810293322 Website: www.rajcoscientific.com/material-testing-equipment.html

Acquavir International 15, Parijat Bldg, Sunder Lane, B J Marg, Byculla West, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 011, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-23011914 Fax: +(91)-(22)-23011915 Mobile: +(91)-9869107335 Website: www.acquavirinternational.com/


97

MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS

Future Equipment's D - 11/3, 1st Floor, Shreeji Estate Sutar Karkhana, Opp. BSNL Telephone Exchange, Naroda Ahmedabad - 382330, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9687405856, +(91)-9727773696 Telephone: +(91)-(79)-22823159 Fax: +(91)-(79)-22823159, +(91)-(79)-22823158 Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Technovision Engineers Private Limited Gate No. 1559-1560, Dehu Alandi Road, Shelarvasti, Chikali, Pune, Maharashtra - 412 114, India Telephone: +(91)-(20)-66346500/ 66346502 Mobile: +(91)-9325096610 Fax: +(91)-(20)-66346555 Email:[email protected] Website: www.technovisionengineers.net

Megatech International Private Limited Address: G-1,1428, RIICO Industrial Area, Phase V, Bhiwadi, Alwar, Rajasthan - 301 019, (India) Tel : +(91)-(1493)-512430/226000 Mobile : +(91)-9772214144/9314080017 Email : [email protected]

Hitech Bulk Handling System Pvt. Limited Address : J3/191, 2nd Floor, Rajouri Garden New Delhi - 110 027, Delhi (India) Phone : +(91)-(11)-25432334 Fax : +(91)-(11)-41448266 Mobile : +(91)-9711988875 / 9711988876 E-mail : [email protected] [email protected]


98

LABORATORY TESTING EQUIPMENTS

Kamal Metal Industries Mr. Mahesh Shah (Director) No. 3, Subhash Industrial Estate, Ramol Road, C.T.M., Ahmedabad - 380026, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-7925855880 Telephone: +(91)-(79)-25855880, +(91)-(79)-25255881, +(91)-(79)-25855919 Fax: +(91)-(79)-25855921

Vmag NDT Automation Systems Pvt Ltd Mr. Venkat Chintham (Managing Director) 1047, Udyog Nagar Industrial Area, Handewadi Road, Near Ganga Village Apartments, Handaspar, Pune - 411028, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9665097004 Telephone: +(91)-(20)-26970310

Sarvasv Machinery & Equipments Private Limited Mr. Varun Kapoor (Director) B- 200, Okhla, Phase 1 Delhi - 110020, India Mobile: +(91)-9871163831, +(91)-9810063630, +(91)-9810633630 Telephone: +(91)-(11)-66401582, +(91)-(11)-66401583 Fax: +(91)-(11)-66401584

Corporate Resource Group No. 2, Ground Floor, Keshav Apartment, Conductor Colony, Burari New Delhi - 110084, India Mobile: +(91)-9810084725 Telephone: +(91)-(11)-27619228 Email: [email protected] [email protected]


99

ETS Intarlaken Technologies 5th Floor, No. 117 BT Road, Kolkata - 700 108, India Phone: +(91)-(33)-25770637 / 25772260 Fax: +(91)-(33)-25772260 / 25770637 Mobile: +(91)-8100224488 Website: www.ets-test-equipments.com/

B. K. Chemicals B - 2, Shrushti Apartment, 1st Floor, Near Century Enka, Colony No. 2, Pune - Nasik Highway, Bhosari, Pune - 411 039, India Fax: +(91)-(20)-27111941 Mobile: +(91)-9371020040 / 9881418345 Website: www.bkchemicals.in/

Shachi Engineering Private Limited Gat No. 271, A/Po Bhare, Tal. Pirangut, Dist., Pune - 411 001, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-66546900 Mobile: +(91)-9822019088 / 9689944881 Website: www.shachiindia.com/

M/s. Contech Instruments Limited 301, Punit Indl. Premises, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai - 400 705, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-27611176 / 27611177 / 27611180 Fax: +(91)-(22)-27618421 Mobile: +(91)-9323995730 / 9821325817 Website: www.contechbalance.com/


100

Associate Agencies No. 1- GF, Jila Panchayat Building, Lal Darwaja, Ahmedabad - 380 001, India Phone: +(91)-(79)-25507814 Fax: +(91)-(79)-25510550 Mobile: +(91)-9825049653 Website: www.surveyinginstrument.in/fabric-testing-tester.html

Woven Fabric Company No. 19, Hindustan Kohinoor Industrial Complex, L. B. S. Marg, Vikhroli West, Mumbai - 400 083, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-25770813 / 25770812 / 25770814 Fax: +(91)-(22)-25786839 Mobile: +(91)-9967981505 Website: www.wovenfabriccompany.net/

Ravi Kiran Industries No. 213, Mittal Estate, No. 2, Marol Naka, Andheri East, Mumbai - 400 059, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-28506569 / 28597856 Fax: +(91)-(22)-28506135 Mobile: +(91)-9820478893 Website: www.pharmamachinerymanufacturers.com/

Labtop Instruments Private Limited Labtop House, Plot No. 59, Opposite Amarson, Near IPOL,Walive Phata, Sativali, Vasai (E), Dist., Mumbai - 401 208, India Phone: +(91)-(250)-6457376 / 6457377 / 6457379 Fax: +(91)-(250)-2481431 / 2481428 / 6454661 / 6516378 / 6525838 Mobile: +(91)-9323733519 Website: www.labtopindia.com/laboratory-incubator.html


101

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (IMPORTED) Lcec Beton Rouge , 1A P.O. Box 65064 7911 Wrenwood Blud, Suite A Baton Rouge 1A 70896 PH: (225) 92 3-3602


102

FERRIC ALUM [EIRI/EDPR/2002] J.C. 904 J.C. 904

Page A-

PLANT ECONOMICS

Rated Plant capacity

= =

50.00 TON/day 15000.00 TON/annum FERRIC ALUM

No. of working days

= =

25 days/month 300 days/annum

No. of shifts

=

Basis

One shift

=

1

8 hours

Currency - Rs.


per day

103

1


Page A-

2

LAND & BUILDING

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Land Area Reqd. 12,000 sq.mt. @ Rs. 3000/- sq.mtrs.

Rs.

3,60,00,000.00

Production area 4000 sq.mtrs. @ Rs. 10,000/-sq.mtrs.

Rs.

4,00,00,000.00

Raw material storage 1000 sq.mtrs. @ Rs. 10,000/-sq.mtrs.

Rs.

1,00,00,000.00

Finished Product storage 1000 sq.mt @ Rs. 10,000/-sq.mtrs.

Rs.

1,00,00,000.00

Testing Lab 100 sq.mtrs. @ Rs. 10,000/-sq.mtrs.

Rs.

10,00,000.00

Administrative Expenses 100 sq.mtrs @ Rs. 10,000/-sq.mtrs.

Rs.

10,00,000.00

Misc. Boundary wall, Gate etc.

Rs.

30,00,000.00

TOTAL


104

-----------------------Rs. 10,10,00,000.00 ------------------------


Page A-

3

PLANT & MACHINERY

1.

Jaw Crusher with Manganese steel Balls with 7.5 H.P. motor and other accessories Cap:3.5 Ton/hr

1 No.

Rs.

12,00,000.00

2.

Pulverizer Cap:3.5 Ton/hr

1 No.

Rs.

14,00,000.00

3.

Reactor (Epoxy lined) with agitator and motor alongwith steam coil and discharge valve Cap:15 MT

2 No.

Rs.

70,00,000.00

Settling Tank (M.S.) conical Bottom with discharge valve and other fitting Cap:15 MT

2 No.

Rs.

50,00,000.00

Rs.

30,00,000.00

Rs.

50,00,000.00

Rs.

12,00,000.00

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Sulphuric Acid storage Tank (M.S.) Epoxylined Evaporator for concentration (open pan)

1 No.

Vibratory Screen with conveyor system Cooling Chamber with all accessories

1 No.

Rs.

18,00,000.00

Granulator suitable to make 2-4 mm granuler

1 No.

Rs.

22,00,000.00

10.

Flaker

1 No.

Rs.

15,00,000.00

11.

Laboratory Equipment

Rs.

12,00,000.00

12.

Material Handling Equipment

Rs.

22,00,000.00

13.

Instrument & Process Control

Rs.

15,00,000.00

14.

Packaging Machine

Rs.

25,00,000.00

15.

Boiler 2 Ton/hr (LDO Based)

Rs.

35,00,000.00

16.

Misc. pipes & pipe fitting Tools, valves, Motors spares etc.

Rs.

15,00,000.00

9.

1 No.

TOTAL


105

-----------------------Rs. 4,17,00,000.00 ------------------------


Page A-

4

OTHER FIXED ASSETS

1.

Office equipment, furniture plus other equipment & accessories

Rs.

11,00,000.00

Erection, Installation & Electrification

Rs.

30,00,000.00

Preoperative & Preliminary Expenses

Rs.

5,00,000.00

4.

Consultancy & Technical Know how

Rs.

3,00,000.00

5.

Miscellaneous

Rs.

1,00,000.00

2.

3.

TOTAL


106

-----------------------Rs. 50,00,000.00 ------------------------


Page A-

5

FIXED CAPITAL

1.

LAND & BUILDING

Rs.

10,10,00,000.00

2.

PLANT & MACHINERY

Rs.

4,17,00,000.00

3.

OTHER FIXED ASSETS

Rs.

50,00,000.00

TOTAL


107

-----------------------Rs. 14,77,00,000.00 ------------------------


Page A-

6

WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENT/MONTH

RAW MATERIALS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Bauxite (50% Al2O3) 430 MT @ Rs. 1650/-Ton

Rs.

7,09,500.00

Sulfuric Acid (98%) 630 MT @ Rs. 5500/-Ton

Rs.

34,65,000.00

Flake glue 4 MT @ Rs. 22,000/-Ton

Rs.

88,000.00

Barium Sulphide (70% B.S) 114 MT. @ Rs. 15000/-Ton

Rs.

17,10,000.00

Packaging Material (HDPE Woven Sacks) Cap: 50 Kgs 25,000 Nos @ Rs. 20/-each

Rs.

5,00,000.00

Laboratory Chemicals & Misc. Consumable

Rs.

4,00,000.00

TOTAL


108

-----------------------Rs. 68,72,500.00 ------------------------


Page A-

7

SALARY & WAGES / MONTH

1.

Manager Cum Technologist

1 No.

Rs.

80,000.00

2.

Supervisor

2 No.

Rs.

40,000.00

3.

Chemist

2 No.

Rs.

60,000.00

4.

Engineers

9 No.

Rs.

3,60,000.00

5.

Skilled Workers

20 No.

Rs.

2,40,000.00

6.

Unskilled Workers

15 No.

Rs.

1,50,000.00

7.

Marketing Personnels

3 No.

Rs.

90,000.00

8.

Accountants

2 No.

Rs.

40,000.00

9.

Clerk/Computer Operators

3 No.

Rs.

45,000.00

Pen/Security Guards

6 No.

Rs.

60,000.00

10.

TOTAL

-----------------------Rs. 11,65,000.00 ------------------------

Plus perks @ 33% p.a. Rs.

TOTAL


109

3,84,450.00

-----------------------Rs. 15,49,450.00 ------------------------


Page A-

8

UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

1.

Power Consumption of 100000 Kwatt hrs @ Rs. 8.00 per Kwatt hr.

Rs.

8,00,000.00

Water Consumption of 2000 KLs @ Rs. 5.00 per KL

Rs.

10,000.00

5.

Repair & Maintenance

Rs.

1,50,000.00

6.

Conveyance & Transportation

Rs.

1,60,000.00

7.

Advertisement & Publicity

Rs.

3,00,000.00

8.

Administrative Expenses

Rs.

2,00,000.00

9.

Fuel for Boiler 15,000 ltr @ Rs. 60/-Ltrs.

Rs.

9,00,000.00

2.

TOTAL

Total load is

550 Kwatts


110

-----------------------Rs. 25,20,000.00 ------------------------


Page A-

9

TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL/MONTH

1.

RAW MATERIAL

Rs.

68,72,500.00

2.

SALARY & WAGES

Rs.

15,49,450.00

3.

UTILITIES & OVERHEADS

Rs.

25,20,000.00

TOTAL

1.

WORKING CAPITAL FOR

3 MONTHS

2.

MARGIN MONEY FOR W/C LOAN

-----------------------Rs. 1,09,41,950.00 ------------------------

Rs.

3,28,25,850.00

Rs.

82,06,462.50

Rs.

14,77,00,000.00

Rs.

82,06,462.50

COST OF PROJECT

TOTAL FIXED CAPITAL MARGIN MONEY

TOTAL

-----------------------Rs. 15,59,06,462.50 ------------------------


111


Page A- 10

TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

TOTAL FIXED CAPITAL

Rs.14,77,00,000.00

TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL FOR 3 MONTHS Rs. 3,28,25,850.00

TOTAL

-----------------------Rs.18,05,25,850.00 ------------------------


112


Page A- 11

COST OF PRODUCTION/ANNUM

1.

Working Capital for 1 year

Rs.13,13,03,400.00

2.

Interest @ 13.50% on T.C.I

Rs. 2,43,70,989.75

3.

Depreciation @ 10.00% on buildings

Rs.

65,00,000.00

4.

Depreciation @ 20.00% on Plant and Machinery

Rs.

83,40,000.00

5.

Depreciation @ 20.00% on office equipment & furnitures TOTAL


113

Rs. 2,20,000.00 -----------------------Rs.17,07,34,389.75 ------------------------


Page A- 12

TURN OVER/ANNUM 1.

By sale of Ferric Alum 15,000 MT. @ Rs. 16,000/- Ton (Avg.)

-----------------------Rs.24,00,00,000.00 ------------------------

TOTAL

PROFIT

=

RECEIPTS - COST OF PRODUCTION

=

24,00,00,000.00

=

6,92,65,610.25

PROFIT SALES RATIO =

=

=

RATE OF RETURN =

Rs.24,00,00,000.00

Profit / Sales

- 17,07,34,389.75

x

100

6,92,65,610.25 ------------------------------ X 100 24,00,00,000.00

28.86 %

Operating profit / T.C.I

=

=


x

100

6,92,65,610.25 ------------------------------ X 100 18,05,25,850.00

38.37 %

114


Page A- 13

BREAK EVEN POINT (B.E.P)

Fixed Costs of the plant are as under -

1.

Interests

Rs. 2,43,70,989.75

2.

Depreciation

Rs. 1,50,60,000.00

3.

40.00% of salaries

Rs.

4.

40.00% of overheads TOTAL

B.E.P.

=

Rs. 1,20,96,000.00 -----------------------Rs. 5,89,64,349.75 ------------------------

FIXED COSTS ------------------------------ X 100 FIXED COSTS + PROFIT

5,89,64,349.75 = ------------------------------ X 100 5,89,64,349.75 + 6,92,65,610.25

=

45.98 %

LAND MAN RATIO = Total land / Manpower

12000 : 63


::

190 :

115

1

74,37,360.00


Page A- 14

RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

1. Term loans from Financial institutions ( 65.00 % of fixed capital ) at @13.50% p.a rate of interest

Rs.

9,60,05,000.00

2. Bank loans for 3 months ( 65.00 % of working capital ) at @ 13.50% p.a rate of interest

Rs.

2,13,36,802.50

3. Self raised capital from even funds & loans from close ones to meet the margin money needs at a @ 13.50% p.a rate of interest

Rs.

6,31,84,047.50

-------------------------TOTAL Rs. 18,05,25,850.00 --------------------------


116


Page A- 15

INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN

5 YEARS

================================================================================ Year To Financial To Commercial To others Total institutions banks (Rs. 96005000) (Rs. 21336803) (Rs. 63184048) ================================================================================ 1 1,92,01,000.00 42,67,360.50 1,26,36,809.50 3,61,05,170.00 2 1,92,01,000.00 42,67,360.50 1,26,36,809.50 3,61,05,170.00 3 1,92,01,000.00 42,67,360.50 1,26,36,809.50 3,61,05,170.00 4 1,92,01,000.00 42,67,360.50 1,26,36,809.50 3,61,05,170.00 5 1,92,01,000.00 42,67,360.50 1,26,36,809.50 3,61,05,170.00 ================================================================================

INTEREST PAYABLE IN

5 YEARS

================================================================================ Year On term loans On bank loans On self loans Total (Rs. 96005000) (Rs. 21336803) (Rs. 63184048) @ 13.50 % P.A. @ 13.50 % P.A. @ 13.50 % P.A. ================================================================================ 1 1,29,60,675.00 28,80,468.34 85,29,846.41 2,43,70,989.75 2 1,03,68,540.00 23,04,374.67 68,23,877.13 1,94,96,791.80 3 77,76,405.00 17,28,281.00 51,17,907.85 1,46,22,593.85 4 51,84,270.00 11,52,187.34 34,11,938.57 97,48,395.90 5 25,92,135.00 5,76,093.67 17,05,969.28 48,74,197.95 ================================================================================

TOTAL REPAYMENT SCHEDULE FOR 5 YEARS

================================================================================ Year Interest Instalments Total ================================================================================ 1 2,43,70,989.75 3,61,05,170.00 6,04,76,159.75 2 1,94,96,791.80 3,61,05,170.00 5,56,01,961.80 3 1,46,22,593.85 3,61,05,170.00 5,07,27,763.85 4 97,48,395.90 3,61,05,170.00 4,58,53,565.90 5 48,74,197.95 3,61,05,170.00 4,09,79,367.95 ================================================================================


117


DEPRECIATION CHART FOR

Page A- 16

5 YEARS

================================================================================ Year Building costs Plant & Machinery fur. & office equip. Total ( Rs. 65000000.00 ) ( Rs. 41700000.00 ) ( Rs. 1100000.00 ) @ 10.00 % P.A. @ 20.00 % P.A. @ 20.00 % P.A. ================================================================================ 1 65,00,000.00 83,40,000.00 2,20,000.00 1,50,60,000.00 2 58,50,000.00 66,72,000.00 1,76,000.00 1,26,98,000.00 3 52,65,000.00 53,37,600.00 1,40,800.00 1,07,43,400.00 4 47,38,500.00 42,70,080.00 1,12,640.00 91,21,220.00 5 42,64,650.00 34,16,064.00 90,112.00 77,70,826.00 ================================================================================


118


PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR

Page A- 17

5 YEARS

================================================================================================ YR CAP. Sales Mfg. Gross DepreInterest Net profit Net profit UTIL Expenses Profit ciation before tax after tax @ 35.00% ================================================================================================ 1 70% 168000000 91912380 76087620 15060000 24370990 36656630 23826810 2 80% 192000000 105042720 86957280 12698000 19496792 54762488 35595617 3 80% 192000000 105042720 86957280 10743400 14622594 61591286 40034336 4 90% 216000000 118173060 97826940 9121220 9748396 78957324 51322261 5 100% 240000000 131303400 108696600 7770826 4874198 96051576 62433524 ================================================================================================

CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR

5 YEARS

================================================================================ YR CAP. Net profit DepreCash Repayment of Net surplus UTIL (after tax) ciation in hand Instalment ================================================================================ 1 70% 23826810 15060000 38886810 23468361 15418449 2 80% 35595617 12698000 48293617 23468361 24825257 3 80% 40034336 10743400 50777736 23468361 27309375 4 90% 51322261 9121220 60443481 23468361 36975120 5 100% 62433524 7770826 70204350 23468361 46735990 ================================================================================


119

FERRIC ALUM [EIRI/EDPR/2002] J.C. 904

PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR ( 5 YEARS)

LIABILITIES

1. 2.

Promoters Capital Term loans

3.

W/C loan

6,31,84,047 9,60,05,000

Fixed Assets 10,78,00,000 Interest during Construction period @ 13.50 p.a. 1,05,23,686 2,13,36,802 3. Surplus funds 6,22,02,163 --------------------------------------18,05,25,849 18,05,25,849 ---------------------------------------

1

1. 2. 3. 4.

Promoters capital Net Surplus Term loans W/C loans



70

% Capacity

Year

80

Year

80

9,27,40,000 2,29,78,095 5,67,57,844 -------------------17,24,75,939 --------------------

Depreciated value of Fixed Assets Working Capital Surplus funds

8,00,42,000 2,62,60,680 6,75,30,156 -------------------17,38,32,836 --------------------

% Capacity

10,34,27,754 1. 2,73,09,377 3,84,02,000 2. 85,34,722 3. -------------------17,76,73,853 --------------------



% Capacity

7,86,02,497 1. 2,48,25,257 5,76,03,000 2. 1,28,02,082 3. -------------------17,38,32,836 --------------------

3

1. 2. 3. 4.

Year

1. 2.

6,31,84,047 1. 1,54,18,450 7,68,04,000 2. 1,70,69,442 3. -------------------17,24,75,939 --------------------

2

1. 2. 3. 4.

ASSETS


120

6,92,98,600 2,62,60,680 8,21,14,573 -------------------17,76,73,853 --------------------

Ferric Alum

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