CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Industrial Training program provides pre-professional work experience with specific assignments and responsibilities. An Industrial Training should be relevant to a student‟s
personal career interests and academic courses of study, serving as a bridge between university and the world of work. Productive Industrial Trainings help students make informed decisions and improve their marketability after graduation.
1.1
THE OBJECTIVES OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING 1. To experience and understand real life situations in industrial organizations and their
related environments. 2. To accelerate the learning process of how student‟s knowledge could be used in a realistic
way. 3. To understand the formal and informal relationships in an industrial organization so as to
promote favorable human relations and teamwork. 4. To implement what they have learned and learn more throughout this training. 5. To learn the accepted safety practices in the industry. 6. To
provide
pre-professional
work
experience
with
specific
assignments
and
responsibilities
1
1.2
THE IMPORTANCES OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
Industrial Training has a lot of importance to students. In addition the limited period set by the UTeM provides advantages to students relative to the other studies that only provide a very brief period. Moreover, this Industry Training allows students to link theories to practical and otherwise. As a student at UTeM, theory and practice are two things that are a re equally important. Therefore, as a student is very important imp ortant for those who practice what they have learned to not feel awkward when the work later. Industry Training is very important to students because: 1. To develop an appreciation of the structure and operation of industrial organizations. 2. To appreciate the importance of good communication and interpersonal skills, and to develop these skills 3.
To appreciate the ethical basis of engineering en gineering practice in industry.
4. To improve the life and thoughts of students in the face training throughout the industry. 5. To
form
a
personality
and
skills
of
the
students
towards
a
more
positive for them more confident when working soon. 6. To
learn
more
in-depth
knowledge
of
how
things
work
was carried out systematically and how to solve problems
1.3
SCOPE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
Learning process about DSLAM, MSAN, how to check problems of the equipments based on alarms appeared by using telnet. Besides that, learning how to check batteries at the equipment at TM‟s cabinet. Learn more about the configuration of GPON (Gigabit Passive
Optical Network).
2
1.2
THE IMPORTANCES OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
Industrial Training has a lot of importance to students. In addition the limited period set by the UTeM provides advantages to students relative to the other studies that only provide a very brief period. Moreover, this Industry Training allows students to link theories to practical and otherwise. As a student at UTeM, theory and practice are two things that are a re equally important. Therefore, as a student is very important imp ortant for those who practice what they have learned to not feel awkward when the work later. Industry Training is very important to students because: 1. To develop an appreciation of the structure and operation of industrial organizations. 2. To appreciate the importance of good communication and interpersonal skills, and to develop these skills 3.
To appreciate the ethical basis of engineering en gineering practice in industry.
4. To improve the life and thoughts of students in the face training throughout the industry. 5. To
form
a
personality
and
skills
of
the
students
towards
a
more
positive for them more confident when working soon. 6. To
learn
more
in-depth
knowledge
of
how
things
work
was carried out systematically and how to solve problems
1.3
SCOPE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
Learning process about DSLAM, MSAN, how to check problems of the equipments based on alarms appeared by using telnet. Besides that, learning how to check batteries at the equipment at TM‟s cabinet. Learn more about the configuration of GPON (Gigabit Passive
Optical Network).
2
CHAPTER 2 2.0
HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATION IN MALAYSIA
The first telephone line used in the Philippines was in 1874 by the British Resident in Taiping, Perak. While the first telegraph line installed in Pakistan in 1876 that the British Office of Kuala Lumpur with the Office of the Assistant Resident in Taiping, Perak.
The first exchanges are built in Malaysia, in 1894, located in Kuala Lumpur. In 1926, the first wireless station was established, namely in Penang. By the year 1895, there were 21 phones in Kuala Lumpur which is supported by telephone and telegraph lines along the 400 miles. At first use of the phone is not so widespread because of high capital. But gradually it has grown since its use is very important.
Telephone network extends all over the place and it is starting to urban areas. More online content and then apply the new Exchange, the exchanges have been launched. In 1962, our country has been receiving facilities continue to dial the remote system (STD). In Malaysia, this system was established in 1963.
In the next year was a variety of important advances have been implemented in the field of Telecommunication, Television and Radio Service has developed throughout peninsular Malaysia. Although the overall responsibility of Television and Radio broadcast a program on TM but remains responsible for ensuring that these facilities can be felt by everyone.
Rapid advances in telecommunication technology have led many more sophisticated Exchange introduced. History of exchange started from exchange installation type 'Stronger' to cross Exchange (Digital Cross Connect) and then semi electronic system.
3
2.1
BACKGROUND OF THE ORGANIZATION
2.1.0
BACKGROUNDS OF TELEKOM MALAYSIA BERHAD
Telecommunications is one of necessity in which human life through telecommunications to
improve living
standards of people
to
develop
the
country
further. With the
telecommunications, the information can be delivered easily and quickly without any restrictions. Knowing this, the government has taken a wise step, establishing the Department of Telekom Malaysia in 1968 before the incorporation in October 1984. This is because telecommunications is one of the most important aspects of human life on this day. From year to year, Telekom Malaysia is now trying to improve its services and Telekom Malaysia Berhad stand tall with other telecommunications companies in the world that provide products, services and solutions world class. Telekom Malaysia Berhad was originally established to provide telecommunication services to the people. Among the services provided is as public and home phone services, house calls, emergency calls and so forth. Through the granting of licenses by the government to Telekom Malaysia Berhad, it gives the right to Telekom to handle all telecommunications systems. In addition, the establishment of Telekom University (UNITEL) in 1997 was the first private university in Malaysia with the objective of contributing towards the development of information technology, multimedia and telecommunications industries. Same goes with the establishment of the Multimedia University in 1999. In the current technological era, Telekom Malaysia Berhad to improve the service and always deliver the best products and services to meet the demands and customer satisfaction customers. One of the products and services is a major contributor to the profits of the Direct Exchange Line phone service. With more than 4.4 billion customers, Telekom Malaysia Berhad has been trying to upgrade the market to fulfill her dream of becoming a world class organization with a full focus on total customer satisfaction.
4
Establishment of Telekom Malaysia Berhad also provides job opportunities for Malaysians. With this, the local population to meet the employment opportunities available and the unemployment rate that exists can be reduced.
2.1.1
HISTORY OF TELEKOM MALAYSIA BERHAD
TM is the largest telecommunications service provider in Malaysia. TM was announced as a corporate body on 1 January 1987 to take over the Malaysian communications services. It was originally a government body known as the Jabatan Telekom Malaysia. TM is known as a company that provides connectivity to the rest of the country, including major urban areas to rural areas. In this era, TM faces competition from several other communications companies such as DIGI, MAXIS, CELCOM and others. Even though so, he still manages to maintain its performance and plays an important role in the KLSE market capital exceeding U.S. $ 16 billion. In 1987, Jabatan Telekom Malaysia was privatized, known as Telekom Malaysia that is already regulated by the Ministry of Energy, Communications and Multimedia. In line with the growth of communications, Telecom continued to grow ahead with the establishment of a continuing result of the increase contributed by the high profits. Telekom Malaysia also contributed in the development of telecommunication market in Pakistan is progressive. Jabatan Telekom Malaysia Berhad exists in 1946 after a period of Japanese rule. In the 1956 Federal Plan goals, they aim to provide modern telephone service. In the era of the 60s, the phone network has been enhanced by the Telecommunications Department. In 1963, the first microwave system was installed between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. It extends to Ipoh and Penang in the West Coast and East Coast including Kuantan and Kota Bharu. Radio Telephone Systems International of Malaya and Singapore to Kuching was introduced in 1960. In April 1970, the International Earth Satellite station first established to provide international telephone services. Telex service manually replaced with an automated system in 1975. Meanwhile, Telecom has also introduced the International Direct Dial (International Direct Dialing / IDD). Through this service, calls can be made directly to foreign countries like United Kingdom, Australia, Japan and Hong Kong also increased to over 70 destinations abroad.
5
In 1980, the first electronic exchange (SPC) has been launched in Johor. At the same time the submarine cable project (Submarine Cable) connecting Kuantan and Kuching have been successfully implemented. In 1981, 'Standard Satellite' is the second in Lendu, Malacca linking the Indian Ocean satellite, was launched. Whereas in 1982, Telefax been introduced with the aim of facilitating transmission line printing, images, and graphics. To improve the quality of services provided by Jabatan Telekom Malaysia (JTM), the government has taken prudent steps to private it on October 12, 1984. With this, JTM was renamed the company Telekom Malaysia Berhad and he is able to compete with existing telecommunications companies in Malaysia. Privatization goals of the organization are to improve national productivity and balancing to industrial countries. In addition, Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TMB) was privatized to challenge the government in bringing a premier organization in the country. In 1990, Telekom has managed to increase its efficiency when the number of lines increased to 1:58 million budget line by line ratios of 8 to 100 people. Telekom has also been listed on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) for the year. The telecommunications industry in Malaysia towards the goal of pushing changes to promote healthy competition with many other networks in the telecommunications market through the implementation of Equal Access (Equal Access) from 1 January 1999. Starting July 1, 1995, Telekom implemented organizational restructuring in preparation for the change in market conditions, especially due to the increasing number of competitors in this industry. It provides full control and responsibility of the Local Telecommunications Office Manager segments respectively. Through this new structure, Telekom to meet the needs and requirements of each market segment more effectively. To face the globalization era, once again in January 2001 TMB restructured. In a new appreciation of TMB has more competitiveness to face the globalization era. In addition, the development of improved technology era, many new services have been provided. Among VPN,
KADFON,
these MALAYSIA
are DIRECT,
Hotline VSAT,
COINS, WILL,
TOLLFREE,
TELESSTOCK,
ISDN,
TMNET, video conferencing and soon have been introduced. Improved of performance and sustained by Telekom Malaysia Berhad, is possible if it becomes a leading telecommunications company and a leading and internationally competitive . 6
2.1.2
PRIVATE TELEKOM MALAYSIA
Based on demand and encourage the development of the telecommunications, Syarikat Telekom Malaysia Berhad (pledged) was incorporated on October 12, 1984 to take over the department consistent with Telekom Malaysia's privatization policy. Operations are controlled by a license issued by Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts to trial 20 years beginning in January 1987. License issued by the Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications and Postal Company has rights to Telekom Malaysia Berhad (pledged) to the establishment, maintenance and control of all telecommunications systems owned by licensees who are operating or scheduled to operate while it seeks to provide all forms of telecommunications, television and radio in country and around the world. Features Jabatan Telekom Malaysia was officially taken over by Syarikat Telekom Malaysia Berhad on 1 January 1987. Jabatan Telekom Malaysia was the first public sector organization commercialized by privatization. On January 6, 1987 at 10 am at the company headquarters of Telekom Malaysia Berhad, Jalan Raja Chulan, Kuala Lumpur was held Syarikat Telekom Malaysia ceremony officiated by the Minister of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts of the Honorable Dato 'Leo Moggie.
7
2.1.3
TELEKOM MALAYSIA HISTORY OF NETWORK SYSTEM
1874 - The first line connecting the Resident Office in Kuala Lumpur and Office of the Assistant Resident in Taiping. 1882 - The line that connects through the bottom of the sea and Seberang Prai Penang was established. 1891 - Exchange was first built in Kuala Lumpur. 1900 - Magneto's first mobile phone service launched in the State. 1962 - Connect Direct Dial facility (STD) between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore established. 1964 - Marketing SEACOM submarine cable between Singapore and Kota Kinabalu. 1970 - Satellite Earth Station was built in Kuantan. 1975 - Installation of automatic telex exchanges. 1979 - Facilities International Direct Dial (IDD) is introduced. 1980 - Electronic Exchange launched. 1981 - The station launched the second satellite in the Lendu. 1983 - Datel and telefax services are introduced. 1987 - Cass (Automated Customer Service System) is implemented. 2.1.4
LOGOS AND SYMBOLS OF TM BERHAD
First Logo of Jabatan Telekom Malaysia
8
Second Logo Sistem Telekom Berhad (STMB) Third Logo Telekom Malaysia Berhad
STM logo was launched by Deputy Prime Minister En. Ghafar Baba on 8/17/1990. The objective of this logo was introduced aimed at creating a progressive organization. It is part of the company's efforts towards building a dynamic organization that caters to the needs of telecommunications services both nationally and internationally.
Latest Logo Telekom Malaysia Berhad 9
i.
Letters 'TM' symbolizes the identity of the group consists of three vibrant colors and clear the orange, blue, and red.
ii.
Orange symbolizes the vibrancy of TMNet multimedia subsidiary.
iii.
Red also symbolizes freedom identity of Celcom, TM's mobile arm.
iv.
Letters 'TM' and the new colors reflect the new image of the 'CE' as an organization is a tough, courageous, passionate and energetic.
v.
There is also a tagline new "Orienteering Chance", (Open up possibilities Ready) to help customers discover and pave all the possibilities and opportunities for communication TM (Telekom Malaysia) Bhd
Type Established
Public Incorporated October 12, 1984
Headquarters Headquarters in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Main Person
Dato' Zamzamzairani Mohd Isa, CEO Group
Industry
Telecommunication
Product
Telecommunication Services
Results
▲ RM17.84 bilion (USD5.46 bilion) (2007)
Workers
30,000 Groupwide
Website
www.tm.com.my
10
2.1.5
COMPANY LOGO
New brand logos reflect the true nature of TM. Italics are used has been specially designed to reflect the characteristics of progressive and proactive company. Three corporate colors in the logo represents the integration of the colors blue, a color that reflects the continuity of the corporate home in the States, an orange red TM Net and Celcom. Its shown a combination of orange as a symbol of TM Net boomerang cheerful and bold red wing Celcom forms known as 'WINGZ'. Form of orange and red wings on the letter M represents the position of pioneering a new brand as well as possible opportunities. These colors also reflect the personality of the brand new, more cheerful, brave and spirited.
11
2.1.6
VISIONS AND MISSIONS
Telekom Malaysia Berhad is Malaysia's number one in the organizing of communication technology. As the leading integrated Telecommunications Company in Malaysia, Telekom Malaysia aim to deliver cutting-edge communications, information and entertainment services. Explore our profile to find out more about who we are and what we stand for. We believe connections make everything possible. Therefore, as Malaysia‟s leading
provider in information communications technologies, we strive to provide the right connections to help you bring your close ones closer. From the way we operate to what we intend to accomplish both on the local and international front, we apply and hold close a vision of excellence created towards making your life better.
Vision.
"To be Malaysia‟s leading new generation communications provider, embracing customer needs
through innovation and execution excellence".
Mission
Strive towards customer service excellence and operational efficiency. Enrich consumer lifestyle and experience by providing innovative new generation services. Improve the performance of our business customers by providing high value information and
communications solutions. Deliver value for stakeholders by generating shareholder value and supporting Malaysia‟s
growth and development.
12
2.2
Background of Network Operation
TM has and continues to change how people communicate and live with a wide range of fixed line, mobile and international network services. And as the heart of the services, Network Operation TM Wholesale has played major roles behind every success and achievements of TM so far. With a vision to be a model of operational efficiency in Asia Pacific regions, Network Operation is driven to deliver the best quality of products and services. Network Operations consists of 9 main divisions namely:
Service Assurance Center (SAC)
Service Fulfillment Center (SFC)
Transmission Network Operation Center (TNOC)
Switching Network Operation Center (SNOC)
Access Network Operation Center (ANOC)
IP Network Operation Center (IP NOC)
International Network Operation (INO)
2.2.0
Vision
The vision of Network Operation is to be model of operational efficiency in Asia Pacific region by 2010 2.2.1
Mission
The mission of Network Operation will be achieved through:
Providing quality customer services through timely service fulfillment and effective service assurance.
Achieve customer satisfaction through best practices and standards of operation.
Realizing cost effectiveness through automation and innovation.
13
2.1.2
Strategic Objectives
In order to support the mission, there are two major strategic objectives that we must concentrate to run the operation toward the vision.
First, striving for higher Quality of Service through state-of-the-art technology and network, good engineering practices, effective maintenance program and with competent, proactive and responsive staff in realizing customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Second, striving for Cost Effectiveness through operational efficiency and staff productivity with emphasis on innovation, teamwork and continuous organization learning in contributing towar d TM‟s profitability.
Network Operation Center‟s are responsible for monitoring the networks for alarms or certain that may require special attention to avoid impact on the network‟s performance. For example, in a telecommunications environment, NOC‟s are responsible for monitoring for power failures,
communication line alarm (such as bit errors, framing errors, line coding errors and circuit down) and other performance issues that may affect the network. 2.1.4
Analysis of NOC
The objective of most performance interventions can be stated in terms of result or impact, such as reduced turnover, improved efficiency, reduced costs or better quality. These impacts or results are achieved by closing performance gaps, developing employees to achieve better results, improving process and removing performance block. This also has a reverse causality in that not only does great performance to continue since people tend to continue behaviors that are perceived to be effective. 2.1.5
Quality Policy of NOC
The Quality Policy of Network Operation is to manage, operate and maintain a telecommunication network comprising voice, data and infrastructure so as to achieve high quality and reliability, exceeding customer services in a proactive manner. We will be a committed team of highly competent and motivated professionals. The QMS shall comply with all the applicable ISO 9001:2000 requirements and shall be continuously improved. The quality 14
policy shall be reviewed for its suitability and shall be communicated within Network Operations. Network Operation‟s quality objectives are based on practice, performance and potential of the organization. The details of the objectives are: a. Enhance efficiency customer and operational productivity so as to improve overall quality performance. b. Emphasize customer needs and customer satisfaction through: Providing high quality and reliable services to customers in a competitive environment. c. Enhance network management, performance and potential through : i.
Improving network element performance.
ii.
Improving operation and maintenance of network elements.
iii.
Maintaining new/enhanced products and technologies.
d. Provide ST and ND operational expertise and needs to improve planning and implementation process. e. Develop operational plans to guide strategy implementation. f. Develop highly motivated and competent personal with relevant skills and competencies.
15
2.1.6
ORGANIZATION CHART of Access Network Management (ANM)
16
CHAPTER 3 3.0
DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE ACCESS MULTIPLEXER (DSLAM)
DSLAM is a
networking equipment, often located
in
baldric mother
telephone
telecommunication operator. It contacts digital interface line multiple customer to one digital communication speed channel use multiplexing techniques.
Diagram 3.0.1 shows xDSL connectivity diagram.
3.1
INTERNET PROTOCOL DSLAM (IP DSLAM)
Traffic consumer is mostly IP based. century DSLAMs uses Asynchronous
Traditional 20th
Transfer
Mode
technology connect
to MAF
routers upstream / exchange. These tools then take IP traffic and pass it in to IP router in IP network. Thisdivision of labour were being conceived have been worthy because DSL own base to MAF, and can theoretically bring data other than IP in MAF river. On the other hand, a IP DSLAM takes IP traffic in
DSLAM
itself
and approve it
in
to
IP router.
IP
DSLAM advantage more than one traditional MAF DSLAM is equipment join less costly make andoperate and can offer one feature richer set.
3.2
ASYMMETRIC DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE (ADSL)
Line is digital asymmetrical customer is a technology data
communication which
telephone line copper from
one
type
of customer digital enables
conventional voice
faster data band modem could
technology line, a transmission on be
preparing.
17
It makes this by
using frequency that unused by
one telephone
call voice.
A
breakdown
or filter DSL allow a single telephone connection used for both services and ADSL voice calls at the same time. ADSL can generally only distributed on close range from telephone exchange (last mile), usually less
than
4 kilometres
exceed 8 kilometres if originally placed wire
but has
transpired to
gauge allow next
distribution.
In baldric mother line telephones generally end in customer digital multiplexer line access where one more breakdown frequency separate voice band signal for conventional phone network. Data carried
by ADSL usually
sent on
data network Phone
Company and
eventually
reach a conventional Internet Protocol network.
3.3
MULTI-SERVICE ACCESS NETWORK (MSAN)
MSAN is also known as a Multi- access service gateway is a device usually appoint at one telephone exchange although sometimes at a roadside serve area interface cabinet which connects telephone
line customer to backbone
network, provide
telephone,
ISDN,
and broadband like DSL all from one single platform. Before MSANs placement, telecommunication suppliers usually have deal equipments separately
including DSLAMs provide kind of service carious to customers. Integrate Integrate all
services at one single book, that usually backhauls all data stream on IP or Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) can become more effective cost and can give new service to customers faster that previously possible. MSAN is extraordinary cabinet contain narrowBand, broadBand services, battery with straightener, optic transmission unit and copper distribution framework.
3.4
TELNET
Telnet is a system that being used for TM to make sure the problems is tally with the alarms received of the equipment by using command prompt. These all procedures to use Telnet as shown below: STEP 1: to find DSLAM IP based on DSLAM ID. To check the DSLAM IP by using http:10.43.42.177//dslam/ as an example DSLAM ID is BAKS121.
18
Diagram 3.4.0 is show to find the IP address for BAKS121 STEP 2: When the displayed as shown as Diagram 3.4.1, just pick up DSLAM IP of BAKS 121. The DSLAM IP is 10.0.3.209
Diagram 3.4.1 is show a displayed on DSLAM search 19
STEP 3: Open the command windows.
Diagram 3.4.2 is shows a command prompt displayed STEP 4: type in „Telnet DSLAM DS LAM IP‟. As an example, „Telnet 10.0.309‟
Diagram 3.4.3 is shows a command prompt with its command
20
STEP 5: waiting for the result
Diagram 3.4.4 is shown a command prompt is connecting to DSLAM IP STEP 6: if the connection is failed, that is means have the other problem. If the connection is successful, the command prompt is shown as Diagram 3.4.6
Diagram 3.4.5 STEP 6: When the connection is successfully, the command prompt is shown as below. Login the DSLAM Remote Terminal with the given login id and password.
21
Diagram 3.4.6
Diagram 3.4.7 STEP 7: After that, type in „rtrv-alm-eqpt::shelf-0:0;‟
22
Diagram 3.4.8 is shown when the command is type in
Diagram 3.4.9 is shown the details 3.5
FINDS PTT, BRAND BASED ON DSLAM ID
To find the PTT, brand for the DSLAM ID, used the same website which is DS LAM SEARCH at http/10.43.42.177/dslam/. 3.6
NET expert Command Center Launch pads: ADSLPROD
NET expert is being used by Access Network Operation Center (ANOC) mostly to check recorded alarms. NETexpert command center launch pad(ADSLPROD_SUS) has ten applications. There is „Alert Navigator”, “Object Browser‟, „Install Client‟, „VCI Tool‟, „Advanced Troubleshooting Tool‟, „CRM Tiert Utility‟, „Other DSL Service CRM Tiert Utility‟, „Task Scheduler‟, „Open NCC user guide‟, „BMS service‟, „Network Inventory‟, and „BMS portal‟. All alarms either from equipment or system will be saved in „Alert Navigator‟.
3.7
CHECKING BATTERIES CONDITION AT EQUIPMENT MSAN
At the cabinet of equipment for MSAN, new battery will be installed based on the alarms. To make sure the battery installation is tally with the system, a person who responsible to che ck it need to switch off the rectifier at the cabinet. While switching off process, that person will called another person ANOC who is in charge to capture the alarms using system. When the alarms at
23
ANOC are appeared, that is means the alarms is tally with both sides which is at equipment and system.
3.8
GPON OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE TRAINING
3.8.0 GPON FUNDAMENTALS
GPON is a short form for “Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network”. The optical access
network comprises the following scenarios which are FTTB, FTTC & FTTCab, and FTTH.
Diagram 3.8.0 shows an architecture of optical access network
24
From the architecture diagram above, the optical access network comprises the followng scenarios : 1. FTTB ( Fiber to the Business) scenario
As an access scenario for business users, FTTB scenarios falls into single business unit (SBU) and Business Multi-tenant unit (MTU) in terms of capacit y. Of then, SBU provides a comparatively small number of ports, including following types of POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, RF and DS1/T1/E1 ports. 1. FTTC ( Fiber to the Curb) & FTTCab ( Fiber to the cabinet)
As an access to the curb or the cabinet over fiber, FTTC & FTTCab scenario for the Multi-dwelling unit (MDU), providing a comparatively larger number of ports, including following types of 10/100/1000BASE-T, RF(33dBmV), VDSL2, and so on. 2. FTTH (Fiber to the Home)
As an access to the home over fiber, FTTH scenario is mainly for the single familu (SFU), providing a comparatively small number of ports, including following types of POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, and RF(18dBmV) GPON architecture is using passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point which is to Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Unit (ONU) and Optical Distribution Network (ODU). GPON is supports triple-play services which are high defintion television (HDTV) from 16M until 20M per program, data (10M) and voice conference (4.5M). Besides that, GPON have high-bandwidth up to 1.25Gbps/2.5Gbps and long-reach up to 20KM. Due to that specifications, GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.
25
Diagram 3.8.1 shows a passive optical network flow
Diagram 3.8.2 shows capabilities of GPON GPON using principle of data multiplexing that adopts a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-direction communication over a single fiber. To separate upstream or downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber, GPON adopts two multiplexing mechanisms. For downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast mode manner. For upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a Time Division Multiplex Access (TDMA) mode manner. 26
Diagram 3.8.3 shows GPON‟s principle of data multiplexing
Diagram 3.8.4 shows GPOS‟s principle for upstream direction
Data rate
1.24416
The distance
(Upstream/Downstream Gbps)
2.48832
between nearest
Maximum physical reach
20 km
Maximum differential fiber distance
20 km
Split ratio
1 : 64 up to 1 : 128
and farthest ONTs
Table 3.8.5: Basic performance parameters
27
Diagram 3.8.6 shows GPON Network model reference In GPON multiplexing architecture has GEM port, T-CONT, and IF PON. GEM port is the minimum unit for carrying services. Besides that, transmission container (T-CONT) is a kind of buffer that carries services. It is mainly used to transmit upstream data units. T-CONT is introduced to realize the dynamic bandwidth assignment of the upstream bandwidth, so as to enhance the utilization the line. IF PON is a GPON interface, based on the mapping scheme, service traffic is carried to different GM ports and then to different T-CONTs. The mapping between the GEM port and the T-CONT is flexible. A GEM port can correspond to a T-CONT or multiple GEM ports can correspond to the same T-CONT. A GPON interface of an ONU contains one or multiple T-CONTs. TDU frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed in to fixed-length GEM frames for transmission. This scheme does not vary TDM services but transmits TDM services transparently. Featuring fixed length, GEM frames benefit the transmission of TDM services. That is a procedure for mapping of TDM services in GPON.
28
For mapping of Ethernet services in GPON, GPON systems revolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of frames into GEM Payload. Then, GEM frames automatically encapsulate header information. Mapping format is clear and it clear and easy for device to support this mapping. Besides that, it is also boosts good compatibility.
Diagram 3.8.7 shows GPON multiplexing architecture
Diagram 3.8.8 shows mapping of TDM service in GPON
29
Diagram 3.8.9 shows mapping of Ethernet service in GPON 3.8.2
GPON KEY TECHNOLOGIES
There are two types of key technologies of GPON. They are T-CONT and attenuation. For Transmission Container (T-CONT) is involved in bandwidth terms. T-CONT‟s function is dynamically receives grants delivered by Optical Line Terminal (OLT). Besides that, T-CONTs also are used for the management of upstream bandwidth allocation in the PON (Passive Optical Network) section of the transmission convergence layer. T-CONTs are also primarily used to improve upstream bandwidth use on the PON. In GPON, there are two forms of Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) which are Status-Reporting (SR) and Non-Status Reporting (NSR). In NSR DBA, the OLT continuously allocates a small amount of extra bandwidth of each Optical Network Unit (ONU). If the ONU has no traffic to send, it transmits idle frames during its excess allocation. If the OLT observes a given is not sending idle frames, it increases the bandwidth allocation to that ONU. One of the ONU‟s burst has been transferred, the OLT observes a large number of idle frames from the
given ONU, and reduces its allocation accordingly NSR DBA has advantage that it imposes no 30
requirements on the ONU, and the disadvantages that there is no way for OLT to know the best to assign bandwidth across several ONUs that need more. For SR DBA, the OLT polls INU for their backlogs. A given ONU may have several TCONTs, each with its own priority or traffic class. The ONU reports each T-CONT separately to the OLT. The report message contains a logarithms measure of the backlog in the T-CONT queue.
Diagram 3.8.2.0 shows T-CONT bandwidth terms For attenuation, it mostly involved in fiber attenuation and power budget. Fiber attenuation relates to the fiber length is about 0.35dB/KM for 1310nm. The attenuation of fiber splicing point is generally less than 0.2dB. Other factors may cause attenuation such as fiber bending. Huawei‟s OLT and ONU is 28dB and classify in Class B+.
Class A Class B Class B+ Class C Maximum loss 20 dB
28 dB
28 dB
30 dB
Minimum loss
10 dB
13 dB
15 dB
5 dB
Table 3.8.2.1 shows classes for optical path loss
31
Diagram 3.8.2.2 shows fiber attenuation and power budget
Table 3.8.2.3 shows parameters of GPON interfaces for Class B+
32
3.8.3
BASIC SERVICES OVER GPON NETWORK
There have several types of services provisioning. They are carriers‟ nightmare and flexible configuration plan of GPON. For carriers‟ nightmare is an initial configuration such as
service system information configuration, data configuration are required on terminals and then they can be put into use. To finish the configurations, it is not cost-effective to carriers. For flexible configuration plan of GPON, GPON supports zero configurations on terminals and plugand-play of terminals, which is cost-effective. Besides that, VoIP service management solution in GPON is exists. Basic operation and maintenance process is service provisioning, terminal activation and daily management. Maintenance personnel use activation code generator to generate terminal activation code including IADMSIP, PPPoE user name and password. Users input activation code on terminals; terminals register on IADMS upon power-up and the IADMS makes auto-configuration on terminals. GPON provides basic services such as triple-play, TDM and RF overlay services. GPON also provides unprecedented bandwidth which is up to 2.5Gbps downstream rate, shared by up to 128 premises, and a greater distance from a central office which is 20KM to 40KM, as opposed to 4KM~5KM for DSL, allowing service provides to enable bandwidth-intensive application and establish a long-term strategic position in the broadband market. GPON devices deliver triple play which are high-speed voice, data and video services to residential and business subscribers.
33
Diagram 3.8.3.0 shows GPON service provisioning and zero configuration on terminals For TDM service solution in GPON, there is two types of mode which are CESOP mode and Native mode. With fixed upstream or downstream frame structure, periodic multiframes are transmitted in GPON line. So, GPON can transmit TDM services are used to support processing TDM service in Native and CESOP modes. With guaranteed QoS, GPON ensures the parameter indexes of TDM service, such as end-to-end delay, sitter and bit error. GPON also supports effective isolation and higher-priority processing of TDAM service.
34
Diagram 3.8.3.1 shows triple play solution in GPON 3.8.4
MA5680T PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The OLT is at the central office end in GPON system, the SmartAX MA5680T Optical Access Equipment of MA65680T is researched and developed by Huawei.
Diagram 3.8.4.0 shows an example of MA5680T MA5680T provides GPON access to satisfy the requirements for data, voice, and video services with large capacity, high bit rate, and high bandwidth over a single fiber to satisfy customized requirements. Besides that, MA5680T provides high-bandwidth and long-reach access to overcome the obstacles of large-scale access coverage. MA5680T is also being used for 35
network applications of fiber to the home (FTTH), fiber to the building (FTTB), base station transmission, leased line interconnection and Multi-ISP wholesale second level. MA5680T is used two types of equipment management which are management through CLI and management through EMS. For management through CLI using two different approaches, which are by using telnet through IP to local maintenance and by using remote maintenance terminal through PSTN to local maintenance terminal. Local maintenance terminal can be whether console cable/serial, software hyper terminal or command link interface. For management through EMS, the N2000 provides the following management functions. There are topology management, performance management, fault management (typical for alarms), security management, batch service, provisioning, network element (NE) data backup and loading, database management and environment and power supply management. 3.8.5
MA5680T HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
There are four ports of MA5680T hardware which are cabinets, shelves, boards, and cables. In cabinet have two types of connection which are external cable connections and internal connections and ventilation. For MA5680T shelves, it has dimensions with brackets (W x D x H), in specifications (W=530mm, D=275.8mm and H=447.2mm). Besides that, it‟s maximum power consumption of
the service shelf in 1500W. The power ports of the service shelf are on the PRTA board, working in redundant backup mode. PDU provides four -48V power inputs, eight -48V power outputs and monitor the status of digital and analogue parameters. For MA5680T boards have four types of board list. There are control board, service board, uplink interface board and power board. In control board has SCUL. The SCUL board is the broadband control board. It mainly controls the system and processes broadband services. GPBC is the GPON service board. It works together with the optical network terminal (ONT) to access GPON services. The GPBC board also has the following functions and features. There are each GPBC board provides 4GPON ports of the front panel and GPON port can connect up to 64ONTs. XICA is at uplink interface board. The XICA board provides one 10GE upstream port for GE uplink. XICA supports NTT 2Mbits/s, 2MHz BITS input, and clock output of NTT 36
8kbits/s, 400Hz. Besides that, it supports output of two 1.544MHz clock signals on the backplane and supports isolation protection. XICA also provides one 10GE upstream port and external +5V power supply and supports the BITS subtending. The PRTA board is the power input board. It is also has several functions. There are draws and filters a single -48V power input. Besides that, it is provides LED alarms for under-voltage and fuse blow of the -48V power input and reports the alarm. Finals, PRTA used to report the manufacturing information. There are four types of MA5680T cables which are serial port cable, network cable, environment monitoring cable and optical fiber. Serial port cable is used for debugging or maintaining the MA5680T locally. There are three types of connectors that being used which are RJ-45, DB-25, and DB-9. For network cable, it is being used to maintain MA5680T locally or remotely. The RJ-45 connectors can connect with Category-3 and Category-5 unshielded twisted pair (UTP-3 and UTP-5) or shielded twisted pair (STP). So that, to get the best electrical transmission performance, ensure that the wires connected to pins 1 and 2 are twisted. Environment monitoring cable is being used for reporting environment monitoring information form the service shelf to the PDU monitoring unit. An optical fiber cable is being used for GPON access or uplink. 3.8.6
MA5680T FEATURE DESCRIPTION
Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) is adopts the passive optical transmission technology. GPON is supports the downstream bit rate of 2.488Gbits/s and the upstream bit rate of 1.244Gbits/s. besides that, GPON port of the MA5680Tapplies to fiber to the building (FTTB) and fiber to the home (FTTH). Based on GPON multiplex structure, each ONU/ONT can be allocated multiplex TCONT. Upstream bandwidth allocation based on T-CONT, which is decided by COS requirement and can be divide into five types. Besides that, GEM port is service control channel that can get one service flow or multiple service flow into one GEM port channel and some like ATM pvc. Flow classification can be classified based on VLAN, 802.1P, also L3/L4 identifier. Virtual local area network (VLAN) is a technology used to form virtual workgroups by grouping the devices of a LAN logically. In 1999, IEEE issued draft IEEE 802.1Q for aiming of 37
standardizing VLAN implementations. The advantages of VLAN are the workstations in the same VLAN can be placed in different physical LANs. Besides that, the broadband and unicast traffic in the same VLAN will not be forwarded to the other VLANs. In addition, it reduces equipment investment, eases network management, and enhances network security. There have a few types of VLAN. They are standard VLAN, smart VLAN, and MUX VLAN. For standard VLAN are isolated from each other. In addition, standard VLAN only can be used for Ethernet ports for network management and subtending. A SMART VLAN can contain multiple upstream ports and virtual ports. Traffic on these virtual ports is isolated. Besides that, it can serves multiple users, thus saving VLAN resources. In addition, a SMART VLAN is being applied in residential communities to provide access to the internet. The other type of VLAN is MUX VLAN. MUX VLAN can contain multiple upstream ports, but only one virtual port. Traffic on different VLANs is isolated from each other. One-toone mapping can be set up between a MUX VLAN and an access user. So, a MUX VLAN can uniquely identify an access user. Besides that, a MUX VLAN usually being applied when users are distinguished according to VLANs. There are a few types for VLAN attribute which are QinQ and stacking. For a VLAN packet that has the QinQ attribute, it contains two VLAN tags which are inner VLAN tag from private network and outer VLAN tag from the MA5680T. Through the outer VLAN tag, a la yer 2 VPN tunnel can be set up to transparently transmit service data among private networks. It is usually being applied to enterprise users. Other type of VLAN attribute is stacking. For a VLAN packet that has the stacking attribute, it contains two VLAN tags which are inner VLAN tag and other VLAN tag allocated by the MA58680T. With this attribute, the upper layer BRAs can authenticate users based on the double VLAN tags, thus increasing the number of access users. Besides that, the upper layer network working in layer 2 mode can forward packets based on “VLAN + MAC” to provide the multi-ISP wholesale service. So, it extends the VLAN application.
38
3.8.7
MULTICAST SERVICE
Multicast is a kind of point-to-multipoint communication form in the network. The core of the multicast technology is to try to duplicate the packets at the place nearest to the receiver. The advantages of multicast when compared with the unicast is eases the burden of the server. The server need not process each user‟s request. Besides that, multicast saves the network
bandwidth resources and lowers the requirements for the network device. IP address of multicast group is a D class IP address, which ranges from 224.0.0.0239.255.255.255. The source host sends one copy of data to the IP addresses of the multicast group, and all hosts in this multicast group can receive the same copy of the data. The MA5680T supports operable, manageable and controlled multicast services, Internet Group Management Protocol V1/V2 (1GMP V1/V2) and IGMP proxy and IGMP snooping. IGMP proxy is the upper multicast router performs routing function. The MA5680T is supports the IGMP proxy function to act as the multicast router to multicast subscribers. Besides that, it acts as a multicast subscriber to upper multicast router. In addition, it also acts as a controllable multicast service. 3.8.8
DHCP RELAY FEATURE
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) works in client-server mode. The DHCP client dynamically requests the configuration data from the DHCP server. Server is provides the data for the client. Initially, DHCP was only suitable for applications where the DHCP client and server are located on the same subnet and could not work across the subnet. If the early DHCP is used to dynamically configuration the host, each subnet shall be equipped with a DHCP server. That is obviously uneconomical. Due to that problem, DHCP relay was introduced to solve it. The MA5680T supports the DHCP relay function, which serves as relay between the DHCP client and the server located on different subnets. The DHCP packets can be relayed to the destination DHCP server or client across the subnet. In this way, the DHCP clients on different subnets can be use the same DHCP server. This is economical and convenient for centralized management. 39
DHCP relay principle for the MA5680T performs a few operations. First, change the destination IP address of the packet to the IP address of the DHCP server. Then, change the destination MAC address of the packet to the MAC address of the next hop. After that, change the source IP address of the packet to the IP address of the layer 3 interface. Finally, change the source MAC address of the packet to the MAC address of the layer 3 interfaces. There are three types of DHCP relay mode. There are DHCP Standard mode, DHCP option60 mode, and DHCP MAC address segment mode. 3.9
MA5680T BASIC CONFIGURATION
3.9.0
MAINTENANCE TERMINAL CONFIGURATION
There have a few method of maintenance. There are through the serial port, through the outband and through the inband management interface. Through serial port, there are two types of maintenance which are local and remote maintenance. Local maintenance through the serial port is helps users to locally connect a maintenance terminal (PC) to the serial port of MA5680T. Then, users can log in the MA5680T to maintain it locally. For the remote maintenance through the serial port helps users to remotely connect a maintenance terminal (PC) to the serial port of MA5680T. After that, users can log in to the MA5680T to maintain it remotely. Then, to run „hyper terminal‟, users should start the Hyper
Terminal. Start
Programs
Accessories
Communication
Hyper terminal
Then, users should be able to configure Hyper Terminal with those specifications. There are 9600 bits/s for baud rate, 8 for data bits, none for parity, „1‟ for stop bits and none for flow control. 3.9.1
OUTBAND AND INBAND MANAGEMENT
The processes to use outband management over LAN is use the straight through cable to connect the MA5680T with the LAN. Then, make sure that the ETH port of the SW board and the PC used for maintaining the MA5680T are located in the same subnet. For the outband management over the WAN (Wide Area Network), LAN is connected with WAN and router acts 40
as connector to connect the MA5680T with the WAN. To configure outband management, firstly set up the configuration environment. Then, set the IP addresses of the ETH port. To set up the IP address of the ETH port of SCU board, do as follows: - huawei (config) #interface meth 0 - huawei (config-if-Meth0) # ip address 10.10.20.1 255.255.255.0 Finally, add a rout for the NMS, do as follows: -huawei(config) #ip route-static 10.10.21.0 10.10.20.254 For inband management whether over LAN or WAN, totally inversed version of outband management. But have same differences in configuration. Firstly, set up the configuration environment. Then, create an NMS VLAN and add the upstream port to it, do as follows: -huawei(config) # vlan 1000 standard -huawei(config) # port vlan 1000 0/190/0 After that, set the IP addresses of VLAN interface, do as follows: -huawei(config) # interface vlanif 1000 -huawei(config-if-vlanif1000) # ip address 10.10.20.2 255.255.255.0 Finally, set inband NMS route, do as follows: -huawei(config) # ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.20.1 3.9.2
SNMP CONFIGURATION
Before configure SNMP, we need to set the SNMP parameters. Firstly, we need to create the community name. To create, do as follows: -huawei(config) #snmp-agent community read public -huawei(config) #snmp-agent community write private
41
Then, setting up the system contact, to set, do as follows: -huawei(config) #snmp-agent sys-info location HW-075528780808 After that, setting the system location, do as follows: -huawei(config) #snmp-agent sys-infor version v1 After finished set the SNMP parameters, we can continue to configure SNMP configuration. Firstly, we need to enable traps sending, do as follows: -huawei(config) #snmp-agent trap enable standard After that, setting the IP address of the target-host for traps, do as follows: -huawei(config) #snmp-agent target-host trap address 10.10.21.1 securityname private Finally, setting the IP address of the ETH port as the source address for traps sending, do as follows: -huawei(config) #snmp-agent trap source meth 0 3.9.3
GETTING STARTED WITH CLI
For command line interface (CLI), there have few CLI characteristics. There are intelligent matching, interaction characteristics, interactive mode, edit functions, and history command saving. For intelligent matching command, do as follows: -huawei #end
To enter the enable command, just type in en or end
For interaction characteristics, do as follows: -huawei(config)#load program
{xmodem ltftplftp} : tftp
{serverIPAdresses <1> } : 10.10.10.1
{frameid<0,1>lframeid/slotid <3,15>} :0/3 42
In interactive mode, when you type in an incomplete command, the system, prompts you with the next keyword and its parameter type. Besides that, the CLI provides basic command edit functions. This is allows multi-line editing, with up to 255 bytes for each command. <
><
>
Display history commands
For history command saving, do as follows: -huawei(config) #history command max-size 11
3.9.4
To set the number of history commands saved in the buffer to 11
USER MANAGEMENT
There have three levels of users. First is a common user. Common user is authorized to perform basic system operations and query operations. Next is an operator. Operator is authorized to configure MA5680T and services. Last level is administrator end super user. The similar authority for administrator and super user is to perform all operations and maintain the MA5680T, user accounts, and user authorities. But, there have same differences. Only one super user exists in the system, while multiple administrators in the system. Besides that, the super user is the highest level in the system. In addition, the super user can create an administrator account but an administrator has no authority to add a super user. For adding a user, do as follows: -huawei(config) #terminal user name
User name (<=15 chars) : huawei
User password (<=23) :
Confirm password (<=23) :
User‟s level :
1. Common user
Permitted Reenter Number ( 0 - - 4) : 3
User‟s Appended Info (<=30 chars) : User
This user has been added
2. Operator
3. Administrator
43
Repeat this operation? (y/n)[n] :
For modifying user level, do as follows: -huawei(config) #terminal user level For changing user password, do as follows: -huawei(config) #terminal user password For modifying the permitted reenter number, do as follows: -huawei(config) #terminal user opdinfo For disconnecting an online user, do as follows: -huawei #client kickoff 2 For deleting a user, do as follows: -huawei(config) #undo terminal user name 3.9.5
EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT
First of all, we should to set description of a shelf, do as follows: -huawei(config) #frame set 0 desc frame1 -huawei(config) #display frame desc 0 Then, resetting the main control boards, do as follows: -huawei #reboot active After that, adding a service board offline, do as follows: -huawei(config) #board add 0/2 h592gpba -huawei(config) #display board 0 Then, confirming a service board, do as follows: 44
-huawei(config) #board confirm 0 -huawei(config) #board confirm 0/2 After that, deleting a service board, do as follows, -huawei(config) #board delete 0/2 Then, resetting a service board, do as follows: -huawei(config) #board reset 0/2 Finally, prohibiting a service board, do as follows: -huawei(config) #board prohibit 0/12 There have five states of board which are normal, failed, config, Auto_find, and prohibited. For normal board state, it indicates that the board is running in normal state. Failed board state is to indicate that the board is faulty. For config board state, it indicates that the board is being configured. Auto_find board state is being used to indicate that the board is just inserted, but nit confirmed yet. Last state is prohibited. It is to indicate that the board is prohibited. 3.10
GPON SERVICE VLAN SOLUTION
The MA5680Tsupports the following types of VLANs which are standard VLAN, MUX VLAN and Smart VLAN. There have two types of VLAN port which are standard port and service virtual port. A standard port refers to a physical port of the control card namely on FE or GE port of the uplink cards. Besides that, it is also called the upstream port. A service virtual port refers to a service connection of a user-side physical port such as an xDSL or the Ethernet port. In addition, it is also called the access port. There have three types of VLAN types on the MA5680T which are standard VLAN, Smart VLAN, MUX VLAN. Standard VLAN is only contains standard port in the same VLAN. Besides that, it contains Ethernet ports for subtending. For Smart VLAN, it is contains multiple xDSL virtual ports whose service flow are isolated. In addition, xDSL access services is being used for reducing the number of VLAN occupied. MUX VLAN is contains only one xDSL 45
virtual port whose service flow is isolated in different VLANs. It is also used xDSL access services to distinguish different customers by the VLAN IDs. A standard VLAN is the VLAN defined by the IEEE 802.1Q standard which has the following features. There are the ports in one VLAN are interconnected of layer and the ports in different VLANs are isolated at layer 2. On the MA5600T, the standard VLAN can contain only standard ports (GE or 10GE ports of the uplink card), but not the service virtual ports such as the GPON service ports. Besides that, a smart VLAN is used to partition user groups. Each user group is associated with one smart VLAN. When the number of VLANs on a MA5600T is limited, you can use the smart VLAN to give access to more users than a MUX VLAN. In addition, a smart VLAN contain broadcasts allowing the partition of user groups, while maintaining user security. The broadcast domain of a standard port includes all ports in the smart VLAN. The broadcast domain of a service virtual port includes only the standard ports. A MUX VLAN is a VLAN that can contain multiple standard ports but only one service virtual port. There is a one-to-one mapping relationship between the VLAN ID and access user. Besides that, the MUX VLAN is used to isolate and identify access users. One VLAN IS corresponds with one access connection. 3.11
GPON SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION PRINCIPLE
In GPON service multiplex structure, each ONU/ONT can be allocated at multiple TCONTs. Besides that, upstream bandwidth allocation based on t-cont is decided by COS requirement, t-cont can be divided into five types. GEM port is service control channel. One GEM can carry on service flow or multiple service flow. In addition, flow classification can based on VLAN, 802.1P also L3/L4 identifier. For GPON service basic concepts, in the upstream, the T-CONT (T-Container) is used to bear the service traffic. GPON uses the T-CONT to implement the service comvergence. TCONT is the basic control unit of the upstream service traffic in the GPON system. Besides that, each T-CONT is identified by the Alloc-ID uniquely. The Alloc-ID ranges from 0 to 4095. It is allocated by the OLT, that is, an Alloc-ID can only be used by one ONT/ONU of one PON port. In addition, GPON Encapsulation Method (GEM) frames are transmitted between the OLT and 46
the ONU/ONT. Each T-CONT consists of one or more GEM ports. Each GEM port bears one kind of service traffic. Each GEM Port-ID is identified by the Port-ID uniquely. The Port-ID ranges from 0 to 4095. It is allocated by the OLT, that is, a GEM port from any be used by one ONU/ONT of one PON port. Relationship between T-CONTs, GEM port and service traffic is the management channel shall be configured with a GEM port and a T-CONT separately to ensure the bandwidth for the terminal management service. The GEM port is the virtual connection used to identify the service traffic. Mapping
VLAN ID
Details
Mapping
Application
It maps the service traffic of the
The ONU/ONT adopts the VLAN
specified VLAN ID to a unique Port-
ID to differentiate the user service
ID. In Qin-Q mode, one GEM port
traffic
supports multiple VLAN ID mappings
802.1P
Mapping
It maps the specified 802.1P service
The ONU/ONT adopts the priority
traffic to a unique Port-ID. In Qin-Q
differentiate
mode,
traffic. The user packet must be
one
GEM
port
supports
multiple 802.1P mappings
the
user
service
pri-tagged, that is, the VLAN ID is 0
VLAN ID
It maps the specified VLAN ID +
The
ONU/ONT
+ 802.1P
802.1P service traffic to a unique
priority
Mapping
PORT-ID. In Qin-Q mode, one GEM
differentiate
port supports multiple VLAN ID +
traffic
+
adopts
VLAN the
user
ID
the to
service
802.1P mappings Table 3.11.0 shows relationship between T-CONT, GEM port and service traffic
47
3.12
GPON SERVICE CONFIGURATION BASICS
To configure service VLAN, firstly, adding service VLAN, do as follows: vlan vlanid [to end-vlanid]{mux|smart|standard|super }
The system supports up to 4039 VLANs. VLAN 1 is the default system VLAN which cannot be added or deleted. Next, add uplink port for service VLAN, do as follows: port vlan vlanid [to end-vlanid] frameid/slotid portlist
For example, to add upstream port 0/9/0 to smart VLAN 10, do as follows : -huawei(config) #vlan 10 smart -huawei(config) #port vlan 10 0/19 0 Next, to add traffic table command is used to create a traffic entry. The traffic entry is used to set the upstream or downstream rate of a service port. There are seven default traffic profiles in the system. The following table describes the function of each profile. For example: Assume that: The profile 1D is 33
The PBS is 20480
The profile name is huawei
The priority of the outgoing packets copies
The CIR is 3333 The CBS is 10240 The PIR is 4444
the user. 802.1P priority (the default priority is 7) Mapping profile 1 is used with the default priority 2.
The packet priority policy is Local-setting
48
huawei (config) # traffic table ip {cir|index|modify| name}:index {row-index}:33{cir|name}:name {name}:huawei {cir}:cir {cir<64,524888>|off}:3333 {cbs|pbs|pir|priority}:cbs {cbs<2000,1024000>}:10240{pbs|pir|priority}:pir {pir<524288>}:4444{pbs|priority}:pbs{ pbs<0><2000,1024000>}:20480 {priority}:priority {prival<0.7>|user-cos|user-inner cos|user-ros}:usercos{defaultval<0,7>}:7
{inner-priority|priority-policy}:inner-priority {inner-prival<0,7>}:2{priority-policu}:priority-policy {priority-policy}:local setting 3.13
FOR ADDING A DBA-PROFILE
The MA5680T supports up to 512 T-CONT profiles. T-CONT profiles 1-9 are the default profiles. The system adjusts the bandwidth value you input when you add a T-CONT profile to a multiple of 64. The command is: DBA-profile add [profile-id profile id][ profile-name profile name][type|fix fix-
bandwidth[bandwidth_compensate
bandwidth_compensate][type2
assure
assure-
bandwidth|type3 assure assure-bandwidth max max-bandwidth|type4 max max bandwidth|type5 fix fix-bandwidth assure assure-bandwidth max max-bandwidth}
49
To add a DBA profile with ID of 20, type of type 5, fixed bandwidth of 1Mbits/s, assured bandwidth of 2Mbits/s and maximum bandwidth of 4Mbits/s, do as follows: huawei(config)#tcont-profile add profile-id 30 type1 fix 102400 3.13.0 FOR ADDING AN ALARM PROFILE
The ONT alarm profile consists of a series of alarm threshold parameters. It is used to monitor the performance of the ONT line. When a statistic reaches the related alarm threshold, the host is notified of this information, and an alarm is sent to the log host and the NMS. Besides that, the system supports up to 50 alarm profiles. There is default alarm profile (profile 1) in the system. It cannot be deleted and can be modified. As an example, use default as shown: -huawei(config) #gpon alarm-profile add profile-id 2
{|profile-name}:
Command :
gpon alarm-profile add profile-id 2
>GEM port loss of packets threshold (0-100)[0]:20
>Ethernet FCS errors threshold (0-100)[0]:50
.............
There have another command to add on ONT line profile. In a ONT line-profile, TCONT is band to a DBA-profile, GEM port is bind to a T-CONT. Besides that, mapping mode is defined. GEM port is mapped to the mode defined. As an example, to create ONT line profile 10, do as follows: huawei(config) #ont-lineprofile {epon|gpon}:epon {|profile-id|profile-name}:profile-id {profile-id<1,4096>}:10 50
{|profile-name}: Command : ont-lineprofile epon profile-id 10 3.13.1 FOR ADDING T-CONT TO ONT-LINEPROFILE
The t-cont command is used to bind a DBA profile to a T-CONT. the T-CONT is the physical resources of the ONT. Besides that, a T-CONT can bear services only after it is bound to a DBA profile. After a T-CONT is successfully bound to a DBA profile, the T-CONT can provide flexible DBA solutions based on different settings of the DBA profile. A format of command is shown below: tcont tcont-list {dba-profile-id profile-id|dba-profile-name profile-name}
As an example to show it clearly as shown below: Bind DBA profile 2 to T-CONT 6 In ONT line profile 10 huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-10) #tcont {t-cont-list}:6 {data-profile-id|dba-profile-name}:dba-profile-id {profile-id<1,512>}:2 Command : tcont 6 dba-profile-id 2 3.13.3.1 To Add GEM port This command is used to bind a GEM port to a T-CONT and configure the related attributes in an ONT line profile. Before creating a service virtual port, you need to run this command to bind the GEM port and the T-CONT. The format is shown below: gem add gem-index service-type t-cont tcont-id{encrypt encrypt|casscode
casscode|{priority-queue priority-queue|gem-oar traffic-table-index}} As an example to show it clearly as shown below: 51
Bind GEM port 1 to T-CONT 2 in ONT line profile 10, and specify the PQ queue priority to 5 huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-10)#gem-port {gem-index<0,127>}:1 {service-type}:eth {tcont}:tcont{tcont-id<0,7}:2 {|casscode|encrypt|gem-car|priority-queue}:priority-queue {priority-queue<0,7>}:5 {|casscode|encrypt}: Command : gem add 1 eth tcont 2 priority-queue 5 3.14
MAPPING MODE
This command is used to create mapping between the GEM ports and ONT-side services, namely, the mapping between the GEM ports and data traffic on ONT subscriber interfaces. The GEM port can carry services only after mapping is created by running this command. The format is shown below: mapping-mode {vlan|priority|port|port-vlan|port-priority|port-vlan-priority|iptos} For example, to set the mapping mode supported by the ONT that is bound tp line profile 30 to priority. huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-30)#mapping mode {iptos|port|port-priority|port-vlan|port-vlan priority|priority|vlan|vlan-priority}:priority
52
3.14.0 MAPPING
This command is used to set up the mapping between the GEM port and the ONT-side service, that is, to set up the mapping between the GEM port and the upstream data stream of the ONT user port. The format is shown below: gem mapping gem-index mapping index{eth port-id[vlan vlanid|priority
priority]*|moca port-id[vlan vlanid|priority priority]*|iphost|el port-id} For an example, to map service stream with the GEM port 1 and the mapping 0 to the Ethernet port 2 in ONT line profile 10, and set the priority to 7 huawei(config-gpon-lineprofile-10)#gem mapping {gem-index<0,127>}:1{mapping-index<0,7>}:0 {el|eth|flow-car|iphost|moca|priority|vlan}:eth {ont-portid<1,8>}:2 {|flow-car|priority|vlan}:priority {priority<0,7>}:7{,cr>|flow-car}: Command: gem mapping 1 0 eth 2 priority 7 3.14.1 ADDING AN ONT SERVICE PROFILE
ONT services profile is used to configure the attributes or capacity of the ONT. Besides that, it is being used to define the type and number of ports. It is also used to define the user service VLAN for each port. The format is shown below: ont-srvprofile gpon [profile-id profile-id|profile-name profile name]
For an example to show it clearer is shown below: huawei(config)#ont-srvprofile {epon|gpon}:gpon 53
{|profile-id|profile-name}:profile-id {profile-id<1,4096>}: 10 {|profile-name}: So, its command is ont-srvprofile gpon profile-id 10 3.14.2
ADDING ONT’S SERVICE PROFILE: ON T-PORT
ONT port is the ONT line profile set the number of each types of ports on the ONT. The format is shown below: ont-port {pots pots-port|eth eth-port|tdm tdm-port|tdm-type port-type|tdm srvtype srv-
type|moca moca-port|catv catv-port} As an example: Number of POTS ports: 1 Number of Ethernet ports: 2 Number of TDM ports: 2 Type of the TDM ports: E1 Service type of the TDM port: TDMOGEM Number of MOCA ports: 2 Number of CATV ports: 2
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huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-10)#ont-port {catv|eth|moca|pots|tdm|tdm-srvtype|tdm-type}: pots {pots-port<0,8>}: 1 {|catveth|moca|tdm|tdm-srvtype|tdm-type}:eth {eth-port<0,8>}: 2 |catveth|moca|tdm|tdm-srvtype|tdm-type}:tdmsrvtype{srv-type|catv| moca|tdm-type}: tdm-type {port-type}: e1 {|catv|moca}: moca {moca-port<0,8>}: 2 {|catv}: catv {catv-port<0,8>}: 2 The command is shown below: ont-port port 1 eth 2 tdm-srvtype tdmoGEM tdm 2 tdm-type e1 moca 2 catv 2 3.15
ADDING ONT-SERVICE PROFILE: PORT VLAN
Port-VLAN is used to in an ONT service profile add the UNI port to a VLAN. When the syste, needs to manage the attribute of the ONU UNI port in the remote management mode, run this command to add the UNI port to the VLAN. The format is shown as below: port vlan eth ont-portlist{vlanid|transparent|translation vlanid user-vlan
user-vlanid} As an example: In ONT service profile 10, to add Ethernet port 1 to VLAN 10 55
huawei(config-gpon-srvprofile-10) #port vlan {eth|iphost|moca}:eth {ont-portlist}:1 {translation|transparent|vlanid<0,4095>}:10 Its command is: port vlan eth 1 10
3.16
ADDING AND ACTIVATING AN ONT
To add an ONT on GPON port 0/3/0, authenticate the ONT by the SN and bind the ONT with line profile 1. For example: huawei(config-if-gpon-0/3)#ont add {portid<0,7>}:0 {ontid<0,127>|password-auth|sn-auth}:sn-auth {sn-value}:hwhw-12341234 {omci|password-auth|snmp}:snmp {ont-lineprofile-id|ont-lineprofile-name}: ont-lineprofile-id {profile-id<1,4096>}:1 { 1 desc}: Its command is: ont add 0 sn-auth hwhw-12341234 snmp ont-lineprofile-id 1 Number of ONTs that can be added :1 success:1 PortID:0, ONTID:0
Add ONT
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huawei(config-if-gpon-0/12)#ont add 1 1 sn-auth hwhw-12341234 10101010 password-auth huawei profile-id 2
Activate ONT huawei(config-if-gpon-0/12)#ont activate 1 0 CHAPTER 4
4.0
CONCLUSION
The conclusion that I can make here is that this industrial training is an important point because it can train the skills learned by students in their learning in lecture halls where it can be applied effectively. Industrial training is also a branch to develop selfconfident students for the real world of work ahead in the future. This is because the training industry has been given appropriate disclosure about the intricacies of employment in order to prepare students in the future world of work. In addition, it also has to allow me to know the usefulness of the lessons in the field of telecommunication engineering that I have learned. This industrial training is not only to improve my self-confidence to face the real working environment but also helps me improve the way I communicate with the public. Cooperation of staff training is also very good and this has taught me how great sense of cooperation. I feel very proud and fortunate to have the opportunity to undergo industrial training. This is because, at present to get a job at any company, we must have the skills on the post that we seek. th
Upon completion of Industrial Training which began on 24 June 2013 and has safely ended on 30th August 2013 at the ANOC (Access Network Operation Center) Telekom Malaysia at Cyberjaya. Now I could make some conclusions. During my 10 weeks Industrial Training in the office, I have learned and been exposed more about the field of telecommunications and related telecommunication of courses taken at UTeM. Many of the things that unknown before this, I learned during my industrial training. For sure it can finalize its students to face the real working world after graduating from the UTeM. Although there are some tasks that are not closely related to the field are taken, this can also increase students' knowledge. I am grateful to have received guidance from the company, especially supervisors and colleagues.
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The conclusion that can be made is that the Industrial Training UTeM students are required to be able to provide many benefits and experiences to me. In addition, it also gives me the spirit and confident to continue venturing into this field because it is closely related to the courses I took at the UTeM in Bachelor in Electronic Engineering (Wireless Communication). Starting from today I am determined and resolved to continue to continue to gain as much knowledge as possible in the areas that I operate now. 4.1
SUGGESTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
My suggestions to improve the training industry is the need to provide a detailed schedule and information to students about the tasks to be done in advance so students can assess whether the company makes it suitable for industrial training or not. If the task will be not directly related to the course, students can find another company that is more appropriate. In addition to practice the knowledge they have learned in the university, it is important for companies to provide guidance to students to enable students to gain experience and new knowledge that may be useful in the future. The duration of training should also be extended, this will provide extensive experience and students to understand and adapt to the real working environment after graduation.
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4.2
APPENDIXES
4.2.0
To find brand for DSLAM based on DSLAM ID
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4.2.1
To find PTT for DSLAM based on DSLAM ID
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4.2.2
Huawei system network equipment (NE)
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4.2.3
Checking alarms for MSAN
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4.2.4
Site visit for checking batteries for MSAN
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