MATERIALS UNDER STRESS : AN INTRODUCTION TO FRACTURE MECHANICS AND FATIGUE 5 - 9 MARCH 2007 THE COURSE
Thi This is an intensiv sive course covering the basic sic concepts of fracture mechanics and fatigue, with ceramics, polym ers and composi tes. The emphasis emphasis on practical practical applications applications for metals, ceramics, course is suitable for those with no previous formal introduction to the science of fracture and no prior knowledge or experience is ass assum umed. ed. All All topics will be introduced introduced from first principles and the emphasis will be on developing an understanding of concepts of fracture mechanics rather than presenting presenting a "state-o "state-of-the-art" f-the-art" review. review. Lectures will be given by experts experts in the field with experience of teaching this material to practising engineers and materials scientists on post-experience post-experience courses. Supervised upervised examples examples classes classes will enable delegat delegates es to work on the the solution of typical problems and discuss these with the lecturers.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
The The course would be invaluable for sci scientists sts and technologists sts see seeking an introduction to fracture mechanics. echanics. It will be suitable for recent graduates graduates in science science or engineering and others who are entering the field of fracture and fatigue.
PREREQUISITES
No prior knowledge or experience of fracture mechanics is assumed but the course will be taught taught at graduate graduate level. It should be understood readily by graduates graduates in scienc science e or engineering. The mathem mathematical atical demands of the the course course are not great great but some understanding of the the calculus would be advantag advantageous. eous. Candidates andidates seeking seeking to to enrol on the the Modular MSc MSc should be of graduate status.
For fu rther rt her enquir enqu iries ies please pl ease phone pho ne Rebecca Rebecca Varcoe on 01483 01483 689 689378 378
PLEASE CIRCULATE THIS BROCHURE
Thi This course has been approved by the Inst Instiitute of Ma Matterials, Min Minerals and Min Mining for continuing education
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COURSE FORMAT
The course will commence at 0945 on Monday 5 March 2007 and continue until 1400 on Friday 9 March. The course will comprise lectures, laboratory sessions and exercise classes. There will be ample opportunity for discussion and informal contact with the lecturers. Lecture notes will be distributed at registration and will include much of the detailed visual materials presented by each lecturer. This will relieve the student from some note-taking and will permit greater concentration on the topic. However, these hand-outs are merely notes, and are intended to supplement lecture materials. Copies will only be made available to registered attendees.
ACCOMMODATION We regret no University accommodation is available for this course. On registration
delegates will be sent a list of local accommodation. A range of hotels is available and there are also guest houses and the local YMCA offering good accommodation at reasonable rates.
ENROLMENT
Please complete the registration form at the back of this brochure and return it with the appropriate remittance or credit card details. Additional forms may be photocopied as required. The Basic Course Fee will be £1075 and includes tuition and one set of lecture notes. Please make cheques payable to the "University of Surrey" in £ sterling. Companies sending two delegates may send a thir d delegate for t he price of t heir meals only. Full joining instructions will be sent to delegates two weeks before the course.
DISCLAIMER
The organisers reserve the right to amend the sequence of lecture topics, and to cancel lectures or substitute lecturers if necessitated due to circumstances beyond their control. Participants will be notified of any change in content or order of the programme when they receive their joining instructions.
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LECTURE TOPICS 1.
INTRODUCTION
Dr S L OGIN
Definitions of types of fracture and failure in materials to be covered in the course. Introduction to stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate. 2.
BASIC STRESS ANALYSIS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Prof P A SMITH
Elasticity. General 3-D relations. Plane stress and plane strain. Mohr's circle -principal stresses. Yield in materials. The Tresca and Von Mises criteria. Ideal and actual strength of materials. Typical stress/strain curves for different classes of materials. 3.
STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR AND ITS USE IN FRACTURE MECHANICS Prof P A SMITH
Early concepts of stress concentrators and flaws. Inglis solution (quoted) to stresses round an elliptical hole - implications of results. Stress intensity factor for a crack. Westergaard's solution for crack tip stresses. Stresses and displacement in Cartesian and polar co-ordinates. How the stress intensity factor leads to the idea of fracture toughness as a material property - Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). Typical values of fracture toughness. Different modes of crack opening and practical examples. Superposition of crack tip stress fields. Direction of crack growth under mixed mode loadings. 4.
FRACTURE OF CERAMICS
Dr J A YEOMANS
The brittle nature of ceramics. The statistical nature of strength and Weibull statistics. Volume and time dependence of strength. Strength-probability-time (SPT) diagrams. Proof testing. 5.
ENERGETICS APPROACH TO FRACTURE
Dr S L OGIN
The Griffith thermodynamic or energy approach to fracture. Equivalence of fixed load and fixed grip loading conditions. Strain energy release rate. A necessary but not sufficient condition for fracture. Equivalence of energy approach and stress intensity approach. 6.
LIMITATIONS OF LINEAR ELASTIC FRACTURE MECHANICS
Prof P A SMITH
Crack tip plasticity. Early estimates of plastic zone size. Irwin plastic zone correction and Dugdale approach. Plastic zone shape in three dimensions and shape under plane stress and plane strain conditions. Allowable plasticity for LEFM to apply: the thickness criterion. Experimental methods for measuring K IC (including the compliance technique). 7.
ASPECTS OF FRACTURE OF METALS
Prof P A SMITH
Fracture behaviour of metals and alloys. The ductile/brittle transition temperatures for notched and unnotched components. Ductile rupture as a failure mechanism. Fracture at elevated temperature. Microstructural/environmental effects, including hydrogen embrittlement. 8.
ELASTIC/PLASTIC FRACTURE MECHANICS
Prof P BOWEN
Elastic/plastic fracture mechanics: The crack opening displacement and J - integral approaches. Measurement of these parameters. Practical applications.
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9.
FATIGUE 1
Dr S L OGIN
Importance of fatigue in engineering. Brief description of original ideas, experiments and results. Cyclic work hardening and softening and brief review of dislocation processes taking place. Dislocation structures generated by fatigue conditions, surface phenomena and persistent slip bands. Crack initiation - intrusion and extrusion phenomena. Stage I, II and III crack growth. 10. FATIGUE 2
Prof P A SMITH
The empirical laws of fatigue failure. High cycle-low strain fatigue, Basquin's law. Goodman, Soderberg and Gerber mean stress corrections. Miner's law of damage summation. Low cycle fatigue, the Coffin-Manson law. Crack growth and application of fracture mechanics to fatigue, leading to Paris' relationship. Threshold stress intensity range. Crack closure. 11. FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OF WELDED STRUCTURES
Dr S J MADDOX
Fatigue is a major problem in welded components and structures, reflecting the inherently poor fatigue strength of many welded joints. This lecture describes key features of welded joints in general that account for this, and specific features that then determine the relative fatigue performance of different weld details. Steps that can be taken to improve the situation are also presented. The extensive range of design codes that are available to help designers to avoid fatigue are described and their status is reviewed. Current developments that aim to improve fatigue design rules and their practical application, notably guidance on stress determination and cumulative damage analysis, are also discussed. Finally, ways in which fracture mechanics can be used to supplement the fatigue design rules are described and reference is made to practical examples. 12. APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES Dr D R MOORE
Experimental methods for measuring toughness of polymers. Different modes of crack propagation in composites - the validity of LEFM for composites. Practical examples of designing against fracture in polymers.
EXERCISE CLASSES
Two sessions will be devoted to exercise classes during the first three days of the course and further sessions will be held during the final two days of the course, as well as laboratory sessions. These classes will assist students in working through simple stress analysis problems and enable them to gain the confidence to handle concepts taught in the lecture programme. Course attendees will find a simple scientific calculator a help!
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THE LECTURERS Professor PAUL SMITH : Professor of Composite Materials and Head of the School of
Engineering at the University of Surrey. Professor Smith graduated from the Engineering Department at the University of Cambridge where he subsequently gained his P hD working on joints in composite materials. He joined the University of Surrey in 1986 and his current research interests are concerned with experimental characterisation and analytical modelling of failure processes in a range of materials, in particular composites, with a major aim being to develop mechanism-based models for use in engineering design. He has published extensively and lectured in the UK and overseas. Professor P BOWEN : Professor in the School of Metallurgy and Materials at the University of
Birmingham which he joined in November 1987 following a period of industrial research at Shell Research Ltd, Thornton Research Centre. Prior to this period of employment, he spent a number of years at the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, University of Cambridge as undergraduate, postgraduate and Goldsmiths J unior Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge. His early research concerned the brittle fracture of pressure vessel steels and weld-metals. His present studies encompass a wide range of monolithic and composite materials for use at elevated temperatures. Dr S J MADDOX : Fatigue Technology Manager at TWI Ltd (Research Institute of The
Welding Institute). With over 30 years experience of industrial R&D projects concerning fatigue, he has played an active part in the analysis and drafting of all modern British fatigue design rules for welded structures, including the fracture mechanics procedures in BS 7910. As Chairman of Commission XIII 'Fatigue behaviour of welded components and structures' of the International Institute of Welding (IIW) and member of various European committees, he is currently involved in the production of European Standards. He has over 100 publications, including the text book 'Fatigue Strength of Welded Structures'. Dr D R MOORE : Principal research fellow in the Mechanical Engineering Department in
Imperial College. He graduated in Physics from University College Cardiff in 1967 and was awarded a PhD for research in semi conductor physics in 1970. He joined the research department of ICI P lastics Division, working on mechanical properties. In 1974 he started a four-year period in the PVC technical service group and later rejoined the Polymer Science Group. In 2002 he was awarded a Royal Academy of Engineering senior research fellowship on the adhesive strength of polymeric adhesives. Dr STEPHEN OGIN: Reader in Composite Materials and Smart Systems in the School of
Engineering at the University of Surrey. Dr Ogin carried out PhD research on metal fatigue at the Cavendish Laboratory before beginning work on composite materials as a postdoctoral researcher in the Engineering Department of Cambridge University in 1982. He joined the University of Surrey in 1985. Currently, his research interests lie in the areas of damage mechanisms and design allowables in composite design, and in the development of smart composite materials using optical sensing technology or shape-memory alloys. Dr JULIE YEOMANS: Director of the EngD Programme in Micro- and NanoMaterials and
Technologies (MiNMaT) and Reader in Ceramics in the School of Engineering at the University of Surrey. She joined the University in 1988 from the BP Research Centre. This followed a first degree in Materials Science and Metallurgy and a PhD on microstructure-property relationships in ceramic tool materials, both at the University of Cambridge. Her current research is concerned principally with toughening mechanisms in ceramics and ceramic matrix composites and their effect on wear and thermal shock resistance. She is an Editor of the J ournal of Materials Science, a member of the Ceramic Science Committee of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining and Chair of the EPSRC Structural Ceramics Network (SCerN). 5
UNIVERSITY OF SURREY
The University of Surrey is a Technological University with approximately 9,500 students in Schools of Engineering, Science and Human Studies. The campus is situated on the outskirts of Guildford, below the Cathedral and just 20 minutes walk from the shopping centre and the main line railway station. Guildford is a thriving business and shopping centre, easily accessible from London, 35 minutes by fast train (two every hour) and 30 miles by car on a fast road. Both London airports are just 40 minutes by car, with good public transport connections. A large Research Park has been established on University land the other side of the A3 from the main campus. This provides facilities for industrial companies to conduct research, and operates in conjunction with the research schools already established at Surrey. Several major research establishments are also within a few miles and many collaborative research projects with the University have resulted from this proximity.
RESEARCH IN THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Within the Composites Research Group work on the properties of composites encompasses characterisation and associated analytical and finite element modelling at the constituent, laminate and structural element level. A number of polymer, metal and ceramic composite materials and reinforcement types (short fibre, continuous fibre and a range of woven fabric architectures) are under investigation. Smart technologies for composites are also being developed. Another major area of interest is processing of polymers (notably blends and liquid crystalline polymers) and polymer matrix composites, especially with regard to the effects of resin flow and the drape of fibre mat on final microstructure and properties. The School has a comprehensive range of equipment for mechanical testing, including fatigue, creep and environmental facilities. The MicroStructural Studies Unit (MSSU) managed by Dr Yanling Chen has one of the most comprehensive ranges of electron microscopes and associated instrumentation to be found in any research institution. Likewise, the Surface Analysis Laboratory, directed by Professor J F Watts, is recognised as one of the leading groups in the world.
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MODULAR MSc PROGRAMME
This short course is offered as a module in our part-time or full-time Modular MSc Programme ‘Advanced Materials’. The Advanced Materials Programme aims to study the structure, processing and properties of a range of advanced materials and associated analytical techniques. The principal objective of the programme is that science and engineering graduates will be equipped with a thorough understanding of several classes of advanced materials and of means by which they can be characterised. It also aims to provide a coverage of aspects of the properties, manufacture, selection, design and economics relating to the use of materials in engineering applications. The modules available are set out below. Each module may be taken as an individual short course. ENGM098 ENGM099 ENGM117 ENGM100 ENGM102 ENGM103 ENGM124 ENGM104 ENGM105 ENGM003 ENGM106 ENGM107 ENGM108 ENGM109 ENGM111 ENGM112 ENGM113 ENGM114 ENGM115
Introduction to Materials Science Introduction to Physical Metallurgy Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites Polymers for Advanced Applications Introduction to Composite Materials Science Characterisation of Advanced Materials Nanomaterials Surface Analysis: XPS, Auger and SIMS Scanning Probe Microscopy Research Methods Materials under Stress: An Introduction to Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Adhesive Bonding Technology Managing Materials Cycles Materials for Biomedical Engineering Applications Surface Engineering Numerical Modelling in Materials Engineering Composite Technology & Smart Systems Corrosion Engineering The Science of Adhesion
Candidates normally complete seven taught modules and a project. Modules may also be taken from a similar programme ‘Advanced Manufacturing Management and Technology’. The MSc in A dvanced Materials has been accredited b y th e IMechE for Further Learning required for Chartered Engineer status.
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REGISTRATION FORM MATERIALS UNDER STRESS
UNIVERSITY OF SURREY, GUILDFORD, UK 5 - 9 MARCH 2007 Name........................................................................................... Title................................ Company/Affiliation: ........................................................................................................... Address: ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Tel. No: ..........................................email address.............................................................. Name of Approving Manager: ............................................................................................ £ 1075.00 1. STANDARD COURSE FEE each delegate will receive one set of Lecture Notes Reduced fee for registered MSc students 1050.00 2.
MEALS - Coff ee, Lunch, Tea
from Coffee 5 March – Lunch 9 March 3
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[email protected] PLEASE REGISTER BY FRIDAY 23 FEBRUARY 2007
LATER REGISTRATIONS WILL BE ACCEPTED IF PLACES ARE AVAILABLE
