Grammar Unit 15

Unit 15 | Cultural Values  Clauses That  Clauses 1 Choose the correct places to add that  to  to the noun clauses in the article. Jobs with Values Many jobs have different values associated with them. Here are just a few:

Doctors: Doctors value each patient’s life. They even take an oath.* The oath (a) says (a) says (b) doctors (b) doctors must treat (c) sick (c) sick people to the best of their ability. Doctors also promise to keep a patient’s information private.

.

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a

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b

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c

2.

Lawyers: Privacy is also important in law. (a) Lawyers (a) Lawyers (b) know (b) know (c) they (c) they cannot share a client’s information with others if the client doesn’t want them to. Lawyers also value fairness.

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a

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b

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c 3. Teachers:  Teachers:  Teachers (a) value (a) value learning. They believe (b) all (b) all students (c) can (c) can learn.

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a

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b

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c 4.

Dentists: Dentists value good dental care. They know (a) their (a) their patients will have healthier teeth (b) if (b) if they brush and floss them every day and (c) see (c) see a dentist regularly.

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a

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b

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c 5.

Librarians:  Librarians (a) value reading. They also think (b) people should be quiet in libraries to let other people concentrate on what (c) they are reading.

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a

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b

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c 6. Journalist:  Journalists (a) care about the truth. They (b) learn (c) they must be correct and fair when reporting.

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a

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b

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c

2 Read the sentences about how different cultures value time. Type the that  clauses to complete the new sentences that combine the sentences in bold. Omit that  for the informal sentences.

Unit 15 | Cultural Values Agreement Between That  Clauses and Main Clauses 1 Reorder the sentences. Drag the words into the correct order.

2 Choose the correct form of the verbs to complete the blog entry. Use the information in parentheses and the explanations in the box to help you. after  =

The event in the that  clause happened after the event in the main clause. before  = The event in the that  clause happened before the event in the main clause. same  = The event in the that  clause happened at the same time as the event in the main clause. truth = The that  clause expresses a universal truth or fact that applies to the present.

Unit 15 | Cultural Values That  Clauses

After Adjectives and Nouns

1 Read the online comments about learning languages. Is the word in bold an adjective before a that clause or a noun before a that clause? Different cultures have different views on learning languages. What do you think about learning languages?

JL22: People in the United States often know only one language, but it’s clear  that people in Europe usually learn more than one language. 1.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause KyleK: It’s understandable that Europeans know many languages. The countries are 2. close together, and they need to communicate with each other.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause 3. DougT: It’s unfortunate that people in the United States don’t speak more languages.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause 4. DougT: It’s my view that there are many benefits to being bilingual!*

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause 5. Mary96: It is evident that bilingual people have advantages.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause 6. Mary96: It’s understandable that bilingual people get better jobs.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause 7. Sandra:  The problem is that not many schools in the United States offer enough foreign language classes.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause George06: I disagree. My impression is that schools offer classes, but it’s very 8. challenging to find places to speak other languages outside of class.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause 9. JavierR: I’m certain that people in my country value language learning. Almost everyone learns Spanish and English in school.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause 10. L1990: My hope is that everyone will speak both Spanish and English in the next 20 years.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause 11. Mei92: My concern is that people will still only be bilingual.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause 12. Mei92: It’s fortunate that we speak three languages in my family.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause 13. Isabel: In some places there’s a belief  that learning only one language is the best.

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a that  clause 14. Isabel: I guess the point is that a lot of us disagree!

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adjective before a

that  clause

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noun before a

that  clause

2 Type that  clauses to complete the sentences. Use the prompts with It is  or The . . . is  in the main clauses with that . Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

3 Drag and drop the correct words to complete the sentences.

Unit 15 | Cultural Values Avoid Common Mistakes 1 Choose the letter with the mistake.

1.

(a) John recognized, that cultural values were different in Mexico than they were in his country. (b) He realized that people viewed time differently. He found out (c) he was able to adapt easily.

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a

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b

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c

2.

It’s disappointing (a) that Chinese classes aren’t available at our school. I’m not sure (b) that people value learning other languages enough. I hope (c) that more language classes be available in the future.

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a

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b

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c 3.

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a

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b

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c

It’s embarrassing (a) that don’t speak Spanish better . I realize (b) that it’s important to speak other languages. It’s true (c) that I’ve been trying, but it’s difficult for me.

4.

(a) Research shows that values differ in different cultures. (b) Experts do not believe, that one culture is right and another is wrong.(c) They think that it is important to understand the differences.

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a

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b

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c

5.

Diana and Jim realize (a) that they should respect their parents. Their parents are relieved (b) that their children understand this value as well. They feel lucky (c) that have respectful children.

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a

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b

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c 6.  Tom (a) understands that culture influences (b) values, but he’s (c) not sure, that his values are influenced by culture.

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a

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b

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c

7.

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a

Many cultures believe (a) that hard work is important. Research shows (b) that this idea is usually true in these cultures  – people who work harder are usually more successful and happier. According to psychologists, it is not surprising (c) that parents teachingtheir children this value.

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b

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c 8.

I’m glad (a) that I’m learning about different cultures. I’m surprised (b) that I learning so much in this class. I’m disappointed (c) that the class is going to end soon.

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a

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b

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c

2 Choose the correct words to complete the article about diverse cities.

Unit 15 | Cultural Values Self-Assessment Choose the correct words or phrases to complete the sentences.

1.

This book says ____ affects the way we think.

that

that culture

is 2.

Briana ____ all journalists should tell the truth.

believes, that

believes that,

believes that 3. Doctors take an oath that says they ____ all patients to the best of their ability.

treated

will treat

have treated 4. Do you ____ that people have different values?

understand

show

have

5.

Many Americans feel that individualism ____ extremely important today.

not be

is

was 6. Historians are aware that people ____ hard to survive in the past.

work

are working

worked 7. I have decided that I ____ Japanese next year.

will study

study

have studied 8. My parents were pleased that I ____ respectful to my teachers at the meeting yesterday.

was

am

will be 9. The study showed that most teenagers ____ their grandparents.

are going to respect

respect

will respect 10. Ms. Lang found out that her students ____ the homework on values. They had to do it together in class.

aren’t completing

hadn’t completed

won’t complete 11. I heard that Dr. Roberts ____ his books at the new bookstore.

selling

would selling

would be selling 12. It’s ____ that I won’t understand the culture in a country whose language I don’t speak.

likely

unlikely

fortunate 13. ____ clear that Erica loves to learn about other cultures.

It’s

It

She 14. It was our ____ that Rich wouldn’t move to another country.

possibility

difference

impression 15. The ____ is that no one understands us.

problem

views

frightening

https://andaluciabound.com/2013/09/16/7-surprising-differences-us-spain/