IT IS FOR ANNA UNIVERSITY B.E., ARNAUTICAL ENGG 8TH SEMESTER STUDENTS STUDY MATERIAL.Full description
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All important questions of physics
Research Methodology Important Question and Answer
circadian physiology
IMPORTANT POINTS OF TELANGANA.
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IMPORTANT POINTS OF TELANGANA.
A320 study materialFull description
Radio frequency related 2g
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PAPER(9 1.BLOOD • • • •
Erythrpoiesis Describe clotting factor and Mechanism of blood clotting by extrinsic and intrinsic pathway Blood group ABO and Rh and a note on cross matching Anticoagulnants Fibrinoyltic system #riple #riple response of lewis( it is a Prothrombin time cutaneous response that occur from Rh incompatibility .rm stro/ing of the s/in3 which MM!"#$ as whole %uestion and comes in special heading produce an initial red line followed o &umoral immunity by a :are around that line and then o 'ellular immunity .nally a wheal4 #he triple response o B lymphocyte of lewis is due to release of o # lymphocyte histamine4 &istamine elicits the o Opsonisation and immunological memory triple response consisting of 4red o mmunoglobin spot(due to capillary dilation3 :are ; o 'ell which express M&'() redness in the surrounding areadue Blood coagulation and explain role of platelets in it to arteriolar dilation mediated by &aemophilla axon re:ex3 wheal(due to exudation &aemoglobin mportance of glycosylated haemoglobin Di*erence between adult haemoglobin and foetal haemoglobin Degradation of haemoglobin +,aundice- and de.ne /ernicterus Anaemia and di*erent type of in0estigation to con.rm anaemia Blood transfusion specially mismatch o Reaction due to incompatible blood transfusion and what is autologous transfusion Erythroblastosis Erythroblastosis foetalis 1eucocyte 1eu/emia Polycythemia Polycythemia and complication due to this condition &aemostasis Function of plasma protein Morphology and function of blood platelets Function of blood Formation and circulation of lymph Formation and function of immnoglobin 2hort note on purpura 3plasma cell 3heparin3 albumin globulin ratio 3 .brinolysis 3 1andsteiners 1andsteiners law 3 sic/le cell anaemia3 colloid oncotic pressure and its importance3 function of macrophage 3 red cell indices3 E424R+erythrocyte sedimentation rate- and its clinical signi.cance • •
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2. C.V C.V.S .S •
E4'45 o
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Describe three bipolar limb node of E4'45 and describe signi.cance of P(R inter0al3 6R2complex and 2(# segment of E4'45 Myocardial Myocardial infraction and state one change in E4'45 in this condition
Recording of E4'45 7enous return #otal #otal peripheral peripheral resistance resistance in 0ascular 0ascular system 7asomotor centre 8 what are input 3output and its function8
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&eart sound
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Angina pectoris
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'ardic output o
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Factor a*ecting cardiac output and atleast one method of determination and what is signi.cance of e,ection fraction in 0entricular functioning
Regulation of cardic output specially heterometic regulation of cardic output and short term regulation De.ne B4P 3 gi0e normal 0alue and discuss 0arious factor and gi0e Baroreceptor mechanism for regulation of B4P 2# Regulation of B4P
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Regulation of B4P by /idney 2hort term regulation of B4P
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'ardiac cycle
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P(7 graph during cardiac cycle 2tructure and function of the conducting system of the heart 2pread of cardiac impulse 'ardiac Pacema/er potential Regulation of heart rate &aemorrhage shoc/ Achalasia cardia 'oronary blood :ow and its regulation Describe typical local 0ascular bed +microcirculationPulmonary circulation and its regulation Foetal circulation
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Splanchnic circulation
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2hort and long term regulation of arterial of blood pressure 2&O'<3 hypo0olemic shoc/ 2hort answer type(sino aortic mechanism3 E4'45 in limb lead )3Einotho0en law3 cerebral circulation3 cardiac index3 .c/=s principle3 Fran/ 2tarling law of heart3 2A node as pacema/er3A7 nodal delay3 de.ne arterial blood pressure 3 pulse pressure3 mean arterial pressure3 pulmonary circulation3 isometric contraction phase of 0entricle3 E*ect of exercise on '4742 3wind/issel e*ect3 pre load and after load in heart3 Reynolds number3 /orot/o* sound
3.Respiration •
'hloride shift and &'O> shift Periodic breathing &aldane e*ect
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&ypoxia
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2urfactant
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&erring breuer re:ex
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Mechanism of oxygen transport in body and Oxygen haemoglobin dissociation cur0e and also de.ne P?@
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Regulation of respiration Mechanism of breathing 'yanosis 'arbon dioxide carries in blood p& regulation of blood Bohr e*ect Pulmonary capacities 'assion=s disease Dyspnoea3 dysbarism3 intrapleural pressure3 , receptor3distinguish between two type of respiratory failure3 oxygen toxicity3 muscle of respiration 7ital capacities Decompression sic/ness 'heyne sto/es respiration 'ompliance of lung
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Acclimatisation at high altitude Respiratory change during moderate exercise Arti.cial respiration De.nition and measurement of functional residual capacity "on(respiratory function of lung 2'!BA di0ing Respiratory distress syndrome Functional residual capacity 3residual 0olume and minimal 0olume8how measure8 And its clinical signi.cance 7entilation(perfusion ratio Dead space Discuss two pulmonary functional test which can detect obstructi0e lung disease Air way resistance
4.G.I.T •
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'omposition and mechanism of secretion and regulation of gastric ,uice3 e*ect of total gastrectomy 544# &ormone 2ali0a and composition3 function of sali0a and regulation of sali0ary secretion Pancreatic ,uice secretion and enymes in it and function and hormone regulating this Peristalasis Enterohepatic circulation Function of stomach Regulation of food inta/e Mo0ement of small intestine Brunner gland #aste bud #rypsin inhibition Function of li0er and write about ,aundice also 2tages of 2wallowing or deglutination Protein energy malnutrition 1ipid storage disease 2cleroprotein and structure of protein 'holesterol and 0itamin B9) 2uccus entericus Explain component and function of bile 2hort note on ;gastric emptying3 dietry .bre3lingual lipase3micelle formation3defecation re:ex3 AP!D cell of its secretion 3 peptic ulcer3steatorrhea Describe the enteric and colonic mo0ement 3role of enteric ner0ous system 3 note on defecation
!rine formation uxtaglomerular apparatus 3function 54F4R3 factor a*ecting 3 regulation3 substance used in it Cater absorption from /idney 'ounter current mechanism 'learance test Functions of s/in3 role of sweat gland in 2/in temperature of regulation "ephron PA& clearance Micturition re:ex Filtration fraction Acidi.cation of urine Renin angiotensin system #ubular maximum for glucose 7asa recta Regulation of acid and base balance by /idney
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2hort note on( inulin and para amino hippuric acid3 #ubuloglomerular feed bac/3 /idney function test3 arti.cial /idney3 cystometrogram3dieresis3 abnormalities of micturition 3 1imiting p& of urine3 dialysis3 proximal tubular e0ents3 Atonic bladder
$. Genera% p&'sio%o(' •
#ransport mechanism across cell membrane
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2tructure of cell membrane
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'ell sharing intracellular structure
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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Mitochondria
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peroxisome
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2odium potassium pump and its function
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'arrier mediated transport
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5olgi body
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Di*usion
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Resting membrane potential Acti0e and passi0e transport Action potential feedbac/ mechanism Resting membrane potential Electrolyte 3 bu*er system Discuss the ionic basis of rmp and action potential 'lassify :uid compartment of body3 gi0e normal 0alue and two method determine E4'4F nter cellular connection Apoptosis Describe cAMP pathway with example 'oncentration of sodium and potassium in intra and extracellular :uid Membrane transporter in0ol0ed in clearance of calcium from cytoplasm 2hort note( 5ap ,unction3 a%uaporin3 macula densa
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PAPER)2 *.Repro"+,tion •
2permatogensis
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How does temperature influence spermatogenesis
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Function of sertoli cell Action of relaxin and inhibin 'omposition of seamen and its use as diagnostic tool
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Cryptorchidism
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Blood testis barrier Puberty O0ulation3 indicator or tests of o0ulation Formation and function of corpus luteum Role of oxytocin in female reproduction Oral contracepti0e3 contracepti0e for male and female Pregnancy test 2ex di*erentiation Mullerian regression factor Parturition Placenta function Foetoplacental unit
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Menarche
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Menopause nfertility in female
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#est to fertility in male and female Menstrual cycle and explain o0arian changes during it 1& surge and it physiological importance Discuss the pituitary and o0arian hormone to support normal menstrual cycle Why are ovarian cycles suppressed during lactation
"ernst e%uilibrium potential 2arcomere3 ultra s/eletal muscle structure Muscle contraction(excitation contraction coupling +sliding( .lament theoryRegulation of muscle tone Define all or none law. How is this law applicable in the seletal and cardiac muscle !ame the muscle proteins. What is the role of troponin c in muscle contraction
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Muscle spindle Physiological property of ner0e .bre 'ardiac muscle Mechanism of 'ontraction of smooth muscle Action potential in cardiac muscle Regulation of serum calcium3#etany and how it is treated Electric property of cardiac muscle .bre 2arcotubular system Mysthemia gra0is Rigor mortis 2low muscle .bre
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"sotonic and isometric contraction
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Plasticity of smooth muscle
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0.en"o,rinio%o(' • • • • • •
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Mechanism of action of hormone on target cell hormone releasing pituitary3 action 3 di*erent disease3 Acromegely &ypothalmo(hypophyseal portal system 5rowth hormone and clinical disorder associated it nsulin #hyroid hormone3 synthesis3 action 3regulation3 hypersecretion3 hyposecretion3 thyroid function test3 goitre3 thyrotoxicosis Adrenal cortex ; hormone secreted3 action 3 regulation Aldosterone escape #estosterone Parathormone calcitonin Placental hormone 5lucose regulation in blood or glucose homeostasis3 explain 5##3 diabetes mellitus and its treatment Mil/ e,ection re:ex &ormone acting on the breast Di*erence between creatinism and dwar.sm 'ushing syndrome Adrenogenital syndrome Myxoedema 'honn=s syndrome
1.Brain • • •
Regulation by hypothalamus 2altatory conduction "eurotransmitter
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Classification of nerve fibres
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Axoplasmic transport Properties of receptor 2ynapse3synaptic transmission3 synaptic inhibition
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What is summation# Mention its types
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Medial lemniscus system3 anterolateral system3 lateral motar system "ame all descending tract 4describe the corticospinal tract and mention the di*erence between !M" and 1M" lesion $numerate the ascending tracts in the spinal cord Define muscle tone and discuss the phenomenon responsible for it. What conditions lead to alterations of tone
Mechanism of speech Adrenergic receptor 'lass.cation of 2ensory receptor and explain their properties &ypothalamus3 thalamus 3 cerebellum +totally #emp4 Regulation by hypothalamus functioun Describe formation% circulation and functions of cerebrospinal fluid
Role of hypothalamus on hunger perception Par/inson=s disease 2yringomyelia Reticular acti0ating system3 functions of Reticular activating system 2pinothalmic system Re:ex arc Classify pain. What are the receptors for pain# Describe the dual &athways for pain. What is Analgesic system in the brain 3role of dorsal horn in inhibition
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of pain seensation Re*erd pain Basal ganglia Brown se%uard syndrome Pyramidal and extra pyramidal system 21EEP +stages3 di*erent type3 disorders-3"REM sleep Frontal lobe 'erebellum
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Role of purin'e cells of cerebellum.
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&emisection of spinal cord 2tretch re:ex +myotatic re:ex -3structure and function of muscle spindle and a note on reciprocal inhibition3 withdrawl re:ex 1ong term memory3 mechanism of memory Function of limbic system Parasympathetic stimulation Cernic/e speech area3 Wernice(s aphasia 2peech mechanism E4E45 3 E4E45 changes during sleep 'lassi.cation of re:ex with example and their clinical signi.cance 'onditioned re:ex Cithdrawl re:ex "euroglia 'onditional learning 5amma motar neuron nternal capsule 'orticospinal tract ; origin 3 termination3 function 3 hemiplegia E*ect of lateral hemisection of spinal cord "ame the function lobe of cerebellum3 discuss the connection and function of neocerebellum3clinical feature of cerebellar disease
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$numerate the !)C*$" of Hypothalamus. $+plain the connections and functions of hypothalamic obesity
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Describe the pathway for .ne touch4 Add a note on sensory homoniculus
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,abinsi sign Alpha bloc
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Compare rem and nonrem sleep
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'424F composition 3'424F secretion3 :owing path 3 function
#ympanic re:ex ,lood brain barrier unction of palaeostriatum What is Stereognosis# Where is its centre 8 What are the mechanoreceptor# /ive e+ample 0halamic syndrome !ame the nuclei responsible for hunger and satiety in human being Conditions where &lantar response is 1e+tensor( inding in Weber(s test in conduction deafness of the left side
0omiting
11.Spe,ia% senses •
Accomadation re:ex Dar/ adaptation
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Draw the structure of rods 2 Cones
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Middle ear nternal ear #aste sensation3taste bud Organ of corti 7isual pathway and e*ect of lesion at 0arious le0el along its course Error of refraction Otolith organ Mechanism of hearing $lucidate how pressure vibrations in the air are perceived as sound
'olour perception3 trichromatic theory of colour 0ision Deafness Presbyopia "ystagamus A%ueous humour Macula lutea #aste pathway Olfactory pathway "ight blindness and colour blindness #ra0elling wa0e theory Discuss the phenomena by which sound waves in air induce action potentials in the cochlear nerve .
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7isual acuity 'ochlea3 $ndo chochlear potential Basilar membrane Explain the role of 0estibular apparatus in posture and e%uialibrium4add a note on menier=s syndrome $+plain the basic defect in astigmatism and its correction
12. not o+n" ,orre,t pa%a,e • • • • • • • •
'aissons disease Describe the marey=s law4 Describe the re:exs on which it is based &eat stro/e Ataxia &aemostasis of calcium 5out Down syndrome Deri0ati0e of notochord
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#hiocyanate space "egati0e feed mechanism in hormonal regulation 2econd messenger 2tarling force and oedema Endogenous pyrogen Milieu interior Steatorrhea $M/ !euro endocrinal refle+ Double ,hor effect *aron dwarf Myasthenia gravis $+tracellular edema Chrona+ie and Rheobase .
2tages of asphyxia Endorphin 2pirogram Dysbarism Berger=s rhythm Rinne(s 0est Decerebrate rigidity Monroe 3ellie Doctrine law What is the difference between the Spasticity and Rigidity Define histoto+ic hypo+ia Dicrotic notch Cog4wheel rigidity ,et- cells 5cular dominance columns Anomic aphasia 3luver ,ucy syndrome "mpedance matching Mass Refle+ &ea e+piratory flow rate &ape- circuit . !itrogen narcosis
