Introduction to
Journalism
Journalism It is a fo forr m of wri wr i ti ting ng that tells people about things that tr ul ulyy ha happ ppe ene ned d , but that they might not have known about already. already.
Responsible Journalism •Not biased writing; •Reports of what is only seen; •No exaggeration or leaving out details; •Not enhancing what is seen; •Reveals all truth in the story with no edits
Journalism as a career
Journalism is a highly responsible job, and highly interesting at the same time. People looking for a career in journalism should have a presentable and confident personality , along with the ability to write and present information accurately and concisely.
Other essential requirements that highlight a good journalist are: an inquisitive bent of mind , good writing and communication skills, ability to differentiate between fact and fiction, tact, intelligence, awareness, and interest in current affairs. Most importantly, one must be capable of handling the unforeseen situations efficiently . If you are talented and hard working, a career in journalism is for you. It will take you to a good s alary packag e and perhaps even fame. With the growing importance of media today, the opportunities in the field are numerous and the job is also demanding and exhilarating at the same time.
History of Philippine Press EARLY YEARS
In the year 1637 the "Father of Filipino Printing", Tomas Pinpin, launched the first Philippine newsletter called "Successors Felices― (Fortunate Events), was written in Spanish and contained a 14-page report on current events. In 1799, following Pinpin's debut in printing, he again came up with his Hojas Volantes or "flying sheets". It was titled "Aviso Al Publico" (Notices to the Public), which served the Spaniards and had a role comparative to a "town crier."
After a decade, Del Superior Govierno," was launched by Gov. Fernandez del Forgueras on August 8, 1811. “
•It was the first regularly issued publication that reported developments about Spain and Europe. •First newspaper that included in its layout the name, date and place of its publication. •Came up with 15 issues within its years of operation from 1811 to 1832.
35 years had lapsed, then came the First daily newspaper on December 1, 1846 called "La Esperanza." The paper, edited by Felipe Lacorte and Evaristo Calderon, lasted only for three years.
But gave way to the birth of other dailies such as "La Estrella" in 1847 and "Diario de Manila" in 1848. Diario•became the government's daily organ in 1852 •was renamed to "Boletin Oficial de Filipinas― •later ceased circulation by Royal Order in 1860. •reappeared with Felipe del Pan as its editor •and encountered another official decree that led to its
In1862, a Tagalog publisher, Mariano Sevilla, founded El Catolico Filipino. The first Philippine religious newspaper which seriously dealt with the problems of Filipinos
Another first in the history is El Porvenir Filipino founded in 1865. It was the newspaper that pioneered in two-edition dailies.
Later it was followed by Revista Mercantil which came out the same year.
In the succeeding years there had been attempts to create a more liberal and mass appealing press. The year 1887 marked the beginning of a more opinionated journalism in the Philippines. It officially begun on April 1, 1887 with the birth of La Opinion. According to historians, it was the first paper to defy the friars and campaigned for the ouster of the religious.
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD After the Spaniards' defeat from the Americans, English newspapers started to circulate. It was lead by the Manila Times of Thomas Gowan which was established on October 11, 1898. President Manuel L. Quezon bought it in 1917 and sold it after four years of possession. Two other foreign owners had the Manila Times before Alejandro Roces, Sr . acquired it in 1927 and closed it down in 1930. However, In 1927 the son of Alejandro Roces, Sr., Ramon Roces put up a magazine known as Graphic. Roces was titled ―Father of modern journalism." Manila Tribune was established by Roces on April 1, 1925, with Carlos P. Romulo as editor.
Another American newspaper issued during that time was the
" oldes t exis ting newspaper" , The Manila Daily Bulletin, established by Carson Taylor In February 1, 1900. The paper started out as a shipping journal and later widened its scope in 1912.
Some time after 1930 with Herald and Tribune on tough competition for high number of circulation, Sen. Vicente Madrigal, owner of the Herald, put up his own publication chain called DMHM comprised of S panis h daily,
E l Debate, weekly, Monday Pos t, Herald and Mabuhay, a P ilipino daily .
JAPANESE OCCUPATION Most publications were shut down except for the ones they used for their propaganda. DMHM was the first destroyed when Manila was bombed. Printing and distribution of the periodicals were transferred under Osaka Mainichi Publishing Company, established by Manila Sinbusya Corporation.
Papers that existed those times but still under the Controll by the Japanese corporation were that of: TVT Shin-Seiki
Liwayway Bicol Herald
Manila Shimbun Davao Nichi-Nichi
The Guerrillas they also came up with their own typewritten or mimeographed paraphernalias on 8 ½ x 11-inch paper edited by journalists-guerillas which served to empower the soldiers' and people's morale and aid as counter propag anda ag ains t the J apanes e.
law in the Philippines •Religious meetings inside Among aspects of martial law are buildings (Tagalog: may be tolerated by the Batas Militar sa Pilipinas) or •Censorship of radio and newspapers, authorities, held at hours some call •Prohibition of the sale and not conflicting with the "state of emergency". consumption of alcoholic curfew. refers to the period of Philippine history wherein beverages, •Prohibition of gatherings of In rare cases, martial law has Philippine Presidents and more than five persons in been in effect with armed Heads of state soldiers barring citizens from declared a proclamation to the street, and being out-of-doors after control troublesome areas •Requirement of a permit rom the local military sunset. under the rule of the authorities before any public Military, meeting can be held.
Revelations of what is inside the news may be contrary to the public interest even if it is true..
Publication is not necessarily justified simply because the information is true especially in lustful details for public figures which are a great content in media publicity. Privacy is also a right, and one which conflicts with free speech.
This may conflict with many other values.
an element of entertainment, which is a legitimate goal of media content. Journalism may mix fantasy and truth, with resulting ethical dilemmas the ethical issue is how far should one risk shocking an audience's sensitivities in order to correctly and fully report the truth.
Journalistic ethics may conflict with the law over issues such as the protection of confidential news sources. For example, undercover reporters may be engaging in deception, trespass and similar torts and crimes
No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. Right to know Public curiosity to know
(1) Responsibility— The right of a newspaper to attract and hold
readers is restricted by nothing but considerations of public welfare. A journalist who uses his power for any selfish or otherwise unworthy purpose is faithless to a high trust. (2) Freedom of the Press— Freedom of the press is to be guarded as a vital right of mankind. It is the unquestionable right by law, including the wisdom of any restrictive statute. (3) Independence— Freedom from all obligations except that of fidelity to the public interest is vital.
(4) Sincerity, Truthfulness, Accuracy –a newspaper is constrained to be truthful. (5) Impartiality— News reports should be free from opinion or bias of any kind. Everything written should be complete gathered from datas (6) Fair Play— A newspaper should not publish unofficial charges affecting reputation or moral character, without opportunity given to the accused to be heard; right practice demands the giving of such opportunity in all cases of serious accusation outside judicial proceedings. (7) Decency— A conviction of sincerity to profess high moral purpose, supply incentives of conduct, such as are to be found in details of crime and vice, publication of which is should be demonstrated for the general good.
I believe in the profession of Journalism. I believe that the public journal is a public trust; that all connected with it are, to the full measure of responsibility, trustees for the public; that all acceptance of lesser service than the public service is a betrayal of this trust.
I believe that clear thinking, clear statement, accuracy and fairness are fundamental to good journalism. I believe that a journalist should write only what he holds in his heart to be true. I believe that suppression of the news, for any consideration o their than the welfare of society, is indefensible. I believe that no one
what he would not say as a gentleman; that bribery by one's own pocket book is as much to be avoided as bribery by the pocketbook of another; that individual responsibility may not be escaped by pleading another's instructions or another's dividends.
I believe that advertising, news and editorial columns should alike serve the best interests of readers; t hat a single standard of helpful truth and cleanness should prevail for all; that supreme test of good journalism is the measure of its public service. .
I believe that the journalism seeks to give every man a which succeeds the best- chance, and as far as law, and best deserves successan honest fears God wage and recognition of and honors man; is stoutly human brotherhood can independent; unmoved by make it so, an equal chance; pride of opinion or greed of is profoundly power; patriotic while sincerely constructive, tolerant but promoting international never careless, selfgood will and cementing controlled, patient, always world-comradeship, is a respectful journalism of humanity, of and for today's world of its readers but always unafraid, is quickly indignant at injustice; is unswayed by the appeal of the privilege or the clamor of the mob;
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End of Chapter One
Presented by:
Kristie Roma A. San Juan (Editor)
Mardielyn D. Perez (Researcher)
Professor: Vicente Lim
