INTRODUCTION:
The title of the third experiment is about movement of material through membrane. In this experiment, students ill stud! about the e"e#ts of materials moveme movement nt me#han me#hanism isms s a#ross a#ross membra membrane ne on plant plant #ell #ell and also also for blood blood #ell. #ell. There are three t!pes of li$uids that have been used for this experiment hi#h is distilled ater, %.&' sodium #hloride and ()' sodium #hloride.
*or plant #ell, if the solution used is distilled ater, it+s #alled isotoni# s olution be#ause the amount of mole#ule of ater move in and di"use out is the same. o the #ell don+t have an! #hanges after the distilled ater as added. If the plant #ell is in a h!potoni# solution hi#h is %.&' sodium #hloride, the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is greater than the #ell sap. o, the ater mole#ule ill moves into the #ell b! osmosis. This #an #ause the #ell to be#ome turgid. If the plant #ell is in a h!pertoni# solution hi#h is ()' sodium #hloride, the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is less than the #ell sap. o, the ater mole#ule ill di"use out from the #ell b! osmosis. This #an #ause the #ell to be#ome -a##id.
*orr blood, *o blood, if the soluti solution on used used is distil distilled led ater, it+s also also #alled #alled isoton isotoni# i# solution be#ause the amount of mole#ule of ater move in and di"use out is the same. o the #ell also doesn+t have an! #hanges after the distilled ater as added. If the blood #ell is in a h!poto h!potoni# ni# solution solution hi#h hi#h is %.&' %.&' sodium sodium #hloride #hloride,, the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is greater than the #ell. o, the the ate aterr mole mole#u #ule le ill ill move moves s into into the the #ell #ell b! osmo osmosi sis, s, in-a in-ati ting ng and and nal nall! l! rupturing the #ell. This #alled #ell l!sis. If the blood #ell is in a h!pertoni# solution hi#h is ()' sodium #hloride, the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is less than the #ell. o, the ater mole#ule ill di"use out from the #ell b! osmosis. This #an #ause the #ell to be#ome shrin/ and this #alled #renation.
O012CTI32: •
To stud! the e"e#ts of material movement me#hanisms a#ross membrane of plant and animal #ell
45T2RI56 5ND 42T7OD: This experiment as divided into to, 8art 5 for plant #ell 9onion and 8art 0 for animal #ell 9blood. *or 8art 5, materials that used to #ondu#t the experiment ere onion, #ompound mi#ros#ope, slides, #over slips, distilled ater, %.&' and ()' sodium #hloride. *irst step in this part is !ou need to #ut a fe thin purple la!ers of red onion and set it up to ; slides. Then, after put it on a dr! slide, !ou need to observe the #ondition of the onion before three di"eren#es solution as immersed into the slide. 5fter the observation from the mi#ros#ope under <%%= magni#ation lens as #aptured, a et mount using >?; drops of solution 9distilled ater, %.&' NaCl, ()' NaCl ere prepared. The solution as dropped on the onion tissue on the slide and then the #over slip as installed. 5fter aiting approximatel! about >?< minutes, the slides as observed under <%%= magni#ation lens and the stru#tured of the #ell as dre. *or 8art 0, the materials used ere blood, #ompound mi#ros#ope, slides, #over slips, distilled ater, %.&' and ()' sodium #hloride solution. *irst, three slides ere set up. Then, a ver! small amount of blood as dropped on the dr! slide and as observed under <%%= magni#ation lens using #ompound mi#ros#ope. 5fter that, a et mount using >?; drops of solutions 9distilled ater, %.&' NaCl, ()' NaCl as prepared and the #over slip as installed. 5fter ait approximatel! around >?< minutes, the slides as observed under <%%= magni#ation lens and the observation as dre.
DICUION:
2xperiment ; is #ondu#t to stud! the e"e#t of material movement me#hanisms a#ross membrane on plant and animal #ell. There are to parts in this experiment. 8art 5 is for plant #ell b! using an onion. 8art 0 is for animal #ell b! using blood.
*or part 5 hi#h is plant #ell 9onion, before ma/e a et mount, the onion as observed under the mi#ros#ope b! using dr! slide. 5fter added ith distilled ater hi#h is isotoni# solution, the stru#ture of the #ell is still the same. This is be#ause, the total amount of ater mole#ule that move in and di"use out from the #ell is the same. Then, after added ith ()' of sodium #hloride solution hi#h is h!pertoni# solution, the stru#ture of the #ell be#ome turgid. This is be#ause the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is greater than in #ell and the ater mole#ule di"use into the #ell b! osmosis. 6astl! after added ith %.&' of sodium #hloride solution hi#h is h!pertoni#, the #ell be#ome -a##id. This is be#ause the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is less than the #ell and the ater mole#ule di"use out from the #ell b! osmosis.
*or part 0 hi#h is animal #ell 9blood, the result is the same as 8art 5. 0efore the mount as et, the blood as observed under the mi#ros#ope b! using dr! slide. 5fter added ith the distilled ater hi#h is isotoni# solution, the stru#ture of the #ell did not #hange, this is be#ause the amount of ater mole#ule that di"use in and out of the #ell is the same. 5fter added ith %.&' sodium #hloride solution hi#h is h!potoni# solution, the #ell be#ome l!sis be#ause the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is greater that than the #ell. o the ater moves into the #ell b! osmosis. 0ut after added the h!pertoni# solution, the #ell
be#ome shrin/. This is be#ause, the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is less than the #ell. o the ater mole#ule ill di"use out from the #ell b! osmosis.
5*T2R 650 @U2TION:
( Chara#teristi# of the material movement me#hanism and example: a Di"usion : Di"usion is essentiall! the movement of mole#ules from a region of higher #on#entration to a region of loer #on#entration as a result of thermal motion. 2xample is movement of ox!gen a#ross #apillar! alls. b Osmosis : Osmosis is the net di"usion of ater a#ross a membrane. 2xample is movement of ater in red blood #ell that has put in the distilled ater. # *a#ilitated di"usion : *a#ilitated di"usion moves solutes from a region of higher #on#entration to a region of loer #on#entration until the #on#entrations be#ome e$ualiAed on both sides of the membrane. d 2ndo#!tosis : 2ndo#!tosis is a transportation pro#ess that re$uires energ!. e 2xo#!tosis : In order to move things from the inside of the #ell to the outside, membrane?bound vesi#les in the #!toplasm ill fuse ith the plasma membrane and release their #ontents outside the #ell. f 5#tive transport : This form of mole#ule movement re$uires energ! in order to move solute against its ele#tro#hemi#al gradient.
> 0ased on this experiment : ?Isotoni# solution is distilled ater ?7!potoni# solution is %.&' sodium #hloride ?7!pertoni# solution is ()' sodium #hloride
; ?*or plant #ell, if the solution used is distilled ater, it+s #alled isotoni# solution be#ause the amount of mole#ule of ater move in and di"use out is the same. o the #ell don+t have an! #hanges after the distilled ater as added. If the plant #ell is in a h!potoni# solution hi#h is %.&' sodium #hloride, the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is greater than the #ell sap. o, the ater mole#ule ill moves into the #ell b! osmosis. This #an #ause the #ell to be#ome turgid. If the plant #ell is in a h!pertoni# solution hi#h is ()' sodium #hloride, the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is less than the #ell sap. o, the ater mole#ule ill di"use out from the #ell b! osmosis. This #an #ause the #ell to be#ome -a##id. ? *or blood, if the solution used is distilled ater, it+s also #alled isotoni# solution be#ause the amount of mole#ule of ater move in and di"use out is the same. o the #ell also doesn+t have an! #hanges after the distilled ater as added. If the blood #ell is in a h!potoni# solution hi#h is %.&' sodium #hloride, the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is greater than the #ell. o, the ater mole#ule ill moves into the #ell b! osmosis, in-ating and nall! rupturing the #ell. This #alled #ell l!sis. If the blood #ell is in a h!pertoni# solution hi#h is ()' sodium #hloride, the #on#entration of ater mole#ule in the external solution is less than the #ell. o, the ater mole#ule ill di"use out from the #ell b! osmosis. This #an #ause the #ell to be#ome shrin/ and this #alled #renation.
R2*2R2NC2
( http:BB.biolog!?online.orgB&B;movementmole#ules.htm > http:BBantrani/.orgBmovement?of?substan#es?a#ross?#ell?membranesB ; 0iolog! lab manual
CONC6UION:
*rom this experiment, I #an #on#lude that the e"e#ts of material movement me#hanism a#ross membrane on plant and animal #ell are di"erent depends on the solution use. If the solution is isotoni#, as an example distilled ater, it ould not a"e#t the shape of the #ell be#ause the ater movement in and out of the #ell is the same. If the solution use is h!potoni# solution as an example %.&' sodium #hloride solution, the shape of the #ell ill be#ome turgid and if the solution use is h!pertoni# solution as an example ()' sodium #hloride solution, the shape of the #ell ill be#ome -a##id and #renate. The h!pothesis is a##epted.
