LABOR STANDARDS LAW 200M Third Term, 2013-2014 Atty. Domingo T. Añonuevo DLSU College of Law
[email protected] +639178129948 COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is about the fundamental principles of labor law, and the law on recruitment and placement, labor standards, s tandards, and termination of employment.
LEARNING OUTCOMES (LO): On completion of the course, the student is expected to be able to do the following:
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1.
State the legal bases of labor law and tell where it may be found; recognize the basic rights of workers and employers;
2.
Tell when an employer-employee relationship exists; differentiate job contracting from labor-only contracting;
3.
Distinguish labor disputes from other disputes;
4.
Tell when there is illegal recruitment; discuss the rights of apprentices, a pprentices, learners and the disabled;
5.
Restate and apply the minimum standards on hours of work, rest days, holidays, various leaves, minimum minimum wages, wages, payment and protection protection of th wages, 13 month pay, and the working conditions for women, minors, house helps and other special groups of workers;
6.
Discuss the right to security of tenure; explain when an employee may quit qui t his/her employment; identify the just and business-related bus iness-related causes for termination of employment; employment; describe the procedural procedural requirements of termination of employment; and identify the relief’s and a nd remedies in cases of illegal dismissals;
7.
Discuss the coverage of and the benefits under the various social legislations.
8.
Teach workers the basic labor standards.
REQUIREMENTS AND ASSESSMENTS: The student will be assessed during the term by the following: Class participation Attendance/recitation Reports Quizzes Workers’ seminar Final examination
30.00% 15.00% 15.00% 20.00% 20.00% 30.00%
Students should submit to DTA class cards with 1x1 photos and email address not later than the 2nd class day.
Laptops and tablets may be used to take down notes but should be turned off/closed when owner is called to recite. All notes no tes and books should be closed also during recitation.
Consultation is by appointment or through email.
No excuse will be accepted for failing fail ing to take a quiz or submitting a report or paper.
Every student must present a report to the class on any of the topics identified in the course outline.
Every gang of 2 students should be able to conduct a 2-hour seminarpresentation to a group of employees on any of the above topics on or before the last week of classes.
LEARNING PLAN: LEARNING OUTCOME: Student should be
2
TOPIC
DAYS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
7.
Discuss the coverage of and the benefits under the various social legislations.
8.
Teach workers the basic labor standards.
REQUIREMENTS AND ASSESSMENTS: The student will be assessed during the term by the following: Class participation Attendance/recitation Reports Quizzes Workers’ seminar Final examination
30.00% 15.00% 15.00% 20.00% 20.00% 30.00%
Students should submit to DTA class cards with 1x1 photos and email address not later than the 2nd class day.
Laptops and tablets may be used to take down notes but should be turned off/closed when owner is called to recite. All notes no tes and books should be closed also during recitation.
Consultation is by appointment or through email.
No excuse will be accepted for failing fail ing to take a quiz or submitting a report or paper.
Every student must present a report to the class on any of the topics identified in the course outline.
Every gang of 2 students should be able to conduct a 2-hour seminarpresentation to a group of employees on any of the above topics on or before the last week of classes.
LEARNING PLAN: LEARNING OUTCOME: Student should be
2
TOPIC
DAYS
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
able to State the legal bases of labor law and tell where it may be found; recognize the basic rights of workers and employers; Tell when an employer- employee relationship exists; differentiate job contracting from labor-only contracting; distinguish labor disputes from other disputes; Tell when there is illegal recruitment; Discuss when an alien may be employed; discuss the rights of apprentices, learners and the disabled;
Restate and apply the minimum standards on hours of work, rest days, holidays, various leaves, minimum wages, payment and protection of wages, 13th month pay, and the working conditions for women, minors, house helps and other special groups of workers;
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Part I: Introduction to Labor Law
2.5
* Lecture * Recitation
2
* Lecture * Recitation * Report on the Tonko cases
Sections 1 - 4. Part I: Introduction to Labor Law Sections 5 & 6 Quiz on Part I
Part II: Recruitment & Placement of Workers/ Alien Employment Part III: Human Resources Development Part IV: Labor Standards
2
* Lecture * Recitation * Report on training and employment of disabled persons (handicapped workers)
Quiz on Parts II & III 3
* Lecture * Recitation * Report on the Kasambahay law
Quiz on Part IV
Discuss the right to security of tenure; explain when an employee may terminate his/her employment; identify the just and businessrelated causes for termination of employment; describe the procedural requirements of termination of employment; and identify the reliefs and remedies in cases of illegal dismissals;
Part V: Termination of Employment
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* Lecture * Recitation * Report on FASAP v. PAL, G.R. No. 178083
Quiz on Part V
REFERENCES:
SALVADOR A. POQUIZ, LABOR STANDARDS LAW WITH NOTES AND COMMENTS, 2012 EDITION; C.A. AZUCENA, JR., THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES, VOL. I, 2010 EDITION;
Nota bene: Most of the case titles below are hyperlinked to websites containing the cases' full texts.
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Part I: INTRODUCTION TO LABOR LAW 1 Labor law, defined 2 Labor law, classified 3 Legal bases of labor law 3.1 Police power of the State
Philippine Association of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386 (1988); St. Luke’s Medical Center Employee’s Association-AFW v. NLRC, 517 SCRA 677 (2007); Magana v. Medicard Phil., Inc., 638 SCRA 606 (2010)
3.2 Specific provisions of the 1987 Constitution
3.2.1 Social Justice
3.2.1.1 Defined
3.2.1.1 Applied
1987 Constitution, Art. II, Secs. 5 & 10; Art. XIII, Secs. 1 & 2;
Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726 (1940); Fr. Joaquin Bernas, The 1987 Philippine Constitution: A Reviewer-Primer, 1987 ed., p. 23.
HFS Phil., Inc. v. Pilar , G.R. No. 168716, April 16, 2009; PLDT v. NLRC, 164 SCRA (1988); Toyota Motor Phil. Corp. Workers Association v. NLRC, G.R. No. 158786, October 19, 2007; Paloma v. PAL , G.R. No. 163607, July 14, 2008;
3.2.1.3 Protection of labor
CONST., Art. II, Sec. 18; Art XIII, Sec. 3.;
Cebu Royal Plant v. Hon Deputy Minister of Labor , 153 SCRA 38 (1987); Gregorio Araneta University Foundation v. NLRC, 155 SCRA 301(1987); Quitoriano v. Jebsens Maritime, Inc., G.R. No. 179868, January 21, 2010.
3.2.1.3 Right to due process and right to labor as property
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CONST., Art. IIL, Sec. 1;
Callanta v. Carnation Philippines, Inc., 145 SCRA 268 (1986); Phil. Movie Pictures Workers' Asso. v. Premiere Productions, Inc., 92 Phil. 843 (1953).
3.2.3 Gender equality and protection of women
3.2.4 Right of government employees to organize 3.2.5 Protection to rights of employer 3.2.6.1 Definition & Scope of Management Prerogatives (MP)
3.2.6.2 Limits of MP
3.3 Civil Code
CONST., Art. II, Sec. 14; Art. XIII, Sec. 14 Suggested reading: Emily Salcedo, “Romantic Paternalism in Philippine Labor Law – Revisiting the Tradition, Realizing its Folly, and Proposing Reconstruction in the Light of American Experience”, DLSU Business & Economics Review, 21.1 (2011), pp. 77-96. CONST., Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(5); Art. III, Sec. 8
CONST., Art. II, Sec. 20 and Art. XIII, Sec. 3, par. 4;
Chu v. NLRC, 232 SCRA 764 (1994); San Miguel Brewery Sales Force Union (PTGWO) v. Ople, 170 SCRA 25 (1989); Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. NLRC, 225 SCRA 301 (1993); Royal Plant Workers Union v. Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. – Cebu Plant, G.R. No. 198783; April 15, 2013 SHS Perforated Materials, Inc. v. Diaz, 633 SCRA 258 (2010); Supreme Steel Corp. v. Nagkakaisang Manggagawa Ng Supreme Independent Union (Nms-IndApl), G.R. No. 185556, March 28, 2011; PLDT v. Paguio, G.R. No. 152689, October 12, 2005; Businessday Information Systems and Services, Inc. v. NLRC, 221 SCRA 9 (1993) CIVIL CODE, Arts. 1700 & 1701;
Brew Master International v. National Federation of Labor Unions , 271 SCRA 275 (1997); PNCC Skyway Traffic Management and Security Division Workers Organization (PSTMSDWO) v. PNCC Skyway Corp., 613 SCRA 28 (2010) 4 Sources of labor law
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4.1 The Labor Code and its implementing rules
4.1.1 Brief history 4.1.2 Name of Decree 4.1.3 Date of Effectivity 4.1.4 Declaration of Basic Policy
Poquiz, pp. 3-4, 37-38; Azucena, pp. 15-17 LABOR CODE, Art. 1 Id., Art. 2 Id., Art. 3; CONST. (1973), Art. II, Sec. 9;
CONST., Art. XIII, Sec. 3
LABOR CODE, Art. 4; CIVIL CODE, Art. 1702 4.1.5 Construction in favor of Labor Reyes v. CA, 409 SCRA 267 (2003); J.K.
Mercado & Sons Agricultural Enterprises, Inc. v. Hon. Patricia Sto. Tomas, G.R. No. 158084, August 29, 2008; PNCC Skyway Traffic Management and Security Division Workers Organization (PSTMSDWO) v. PNCC Skyway Corp., 613 SCRA 28 (2010) 4.1.6 Rule-making power, limitations
LABOR CODE, Art. 5;
Insular Bank of Asia and America Employees' Union v. inciong, G.R. No. L52415, October 23, 1984
4.1.7 Applicability 4.1.7.1 Overseas Workers
LABOR CODE, Art. 6
Sim v. NLRC, G.R. No. 157376, October 2, 2007; Santiago v. CF Sharp Crew Management, G.R. No. 162419, July 10, 2007
4.1.7.2 Government employees
CONST., Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(1); LABOR CODE, Art. 276;
NASECO v. NLRC, G.R. No. L-70295, November 29, 1988; PNOC-Energy Development Corp. v. NLRC, 201 SCRA 487 (1991)
Liban v. Gordon, G.R. No. 175352, January
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18, 2011, July 15, 2009
International Catholic Migration
4.1.7.3 Employees of Commission v. Calleja, 190 SCRA 130 International (1990) Organizations and Specialized Agencies 4.1.8 Enforcement and Sanctions
LABOR CODE, Art. 128; D.O. No. 131-13 & D.O. No. 57-04; LABOR CODE, Arts.129 & 223 (a) (2), (3), (4), & (6), 294, 295, 296, 297, & 298; CONST., Art. III, Secs. 11 & 16
4.2 Decisions of the courts and quasi-judicial bodies 4.3 Labor Contracts
Callanta v. Carnation Phil., Inc., 145 SCRA 268 (1986) CIVIL CODE, Arts. 1305 & 1306;
Supreme Steel Corp. v. Nagkakaisang Manggagawa Ng Supreme Independent Union (Nms-Ind-Apl), G.R. No. 185556, March 28, 2011; Mariveles Shipyard Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 144134, November 11, 2003 4.4 Company Practice
4.5 Company Policy
Central Azucarera De Tarlac v. Central Azucarera De Tarlac Labor Union-NLU, G.R. No. 188949, July 26, 2010; Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 152928, June 18,2009; Pag-asa Steel Works, Inc. v. CA, 486 SCRA 475 (2006) Kimberly-Clark Phil., Inc. v. Dimayuga, G.R. No. 177705, September 18, 2009; China Banking Corp. v. Borromeo, G.R. No. 148415, July 14, 2008; GTE Directories Corp. v. Sanchez, 197 SCRA 452, 466 (1991)
5 Work Relationship 5.1 Definition: Employer & Employee
LABOR CODE, Arts. 97 (a), (b), (c); 167 (f), (g) & (h); 212 (e) & (f)
A.C. Ransom Labor Union v. NLRC, 142
8
SCRA 269 (1988); Orlando Farms Growers Association v. NLRC, 299 SCRA 364, November 25, 1998; Far Eastern University v. CIR, 5 SCRA 1080 (1962) 5.2 Employer-Employee Relationship: Factors/Tests
Sonza v. ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp., 431 SCRA 381(1904); Semblante v. CA, G.R. No. 196426, August 15, 2011; Sy v. CA, G.R. No. 142293, Feb. 27, 2003; Perpetual Help Credit v. Faburada, G.R. No. 121948, October 8, 2001; Jardin v. NLRC, 326 SCRA 299 (2000); Corporal Sr. v. NLRC, 341 SCRA 658 (2000);; Ruga v. NLRC, 181 SCRA 266 (1990); Mendiola v. CA, G.R. No. 159333, July 31, 2006; Tongko v. The Manufacturer’s Life Insurance Co. (Phils.) Inc., G.R. No. 167622, November 7, 2008, June 29, 2010, & January 25, 2011; Locsin v. PLDT, G.R. 185251, October 2, 2009; Francisco v. NLRC, G.R. No. 170087, August 31, 2006; Teng v. Pahagac, 635 SCRA 172(2010)
5.3 Independent Contractor and Labor-only Contractor
LABOR CODE, Arts. 106, 107, 108 &109; D.O. No. 18-A (2011)
Phil. Bank Communications v. NLRC, 146 SCRA 347 (1986); San Miguel Corp. v. Maerc Integrated Services, Inc.; G.R. No. 144672, July 10, 2003; Wack Wack Golf and Country Club v. NLRC, 456 SCRA 280 (2005); Aliviado v. Proctor and Gamble Phils., Inc., G.R. No. 160506, March 9, 2010; Spic n’ Span Services Corp. v. Gloria Paje, et al., G.R. No. 174084, August 25, 2010; 5.4 Liability of Indirect Employer
GSIS v. NLRC, 635 SCRA 251 (2010); Mariveles Shipyard Corp. v. CA, 415 SCRA 573 (2003)
6 Labor disputes
9
Labor Code (LC), Art. 218 (l);
Feati University v. Bautista , 18 SCRA 1190 (1966); San Miguel Corp. Employees Union v. Bersamira, G.R. No. 87700, June 13, 1990; Halagueña v. PAL , G.R. No.
172013, October 2, 2009; Nestle Phils., Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85197, March 18, 1991;
Jaguar Security and Investigation Agency v. Sales, G.R. No. 162420, April 16, 2008;
Part II: RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT OF WORKERS/ALIEN EMPLOYMENT 7 Recruitment and Placement of Workers
Suggested reading: Julyn S. Ambito and Melissa Suzette L. Banzon, Review of Philippine Migration
Laws and Regulations: Gains, Gaps, Prospects. 7.1 Definition
LABOR CODE, Art. 13(b);
People v. Panis, 142 SCRA 667 [1986) 7.2 Employment Policies 7.3 Employment Agencies/Entities
7.3.1 Allowed entities
7.3.2 Private employment agency 7.3.3 Private recruitment entity 7.3.4 Public employment offices 7.3.5 Prohibited entity
7.4 Government techniques of regulation - private recruitment
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LABOR CODE, Arts. 16, 18, 25 & 12(f); Omnibus Rules, Book I, Rules III, IV, VII Sec 1. LABOR CODE, Art. 13(c) & (d)
LABOR CODE, Art. 13(e) & (f)
LABOR CODE, Art. 12(f) & 14(a); E.O. No. 247 (1987), Sec. 3 (f), LABOR CODE, Arts. 18, 16, 25 & 26; 2002 POEA Rules and Regulations Governing the Recruitment and Employment of Landbased Overseas Workers (2002 POEA Rules), Part II, Rule 1, Sec. 2; 2003 POEA Rules,and Regulations Governing the Recruitment and Employment of Seafarers (2003 POEA Rules), Part II, Rule I, Sec. 2
7.4.1 Licensing
7.4.2 Workers’ Fee 7.4.3 Reports/employment information 7.5 Prohibited practices 7.6 Illegal recruitment
LABOR CODE, Arts. 27, 28, 29, 30 & 31; 2002 POEA Rules, Part II, Rule II, Secs. 1, 4, 6 & 7; 2003 POEA Rules, and Regulations Governing the Recruitment and Employment of Seafarers (2003 POEA Rules), Part II, Rule I (a) & (b); Rule II, Secs. 1, 4, 6 & 7 LABOR CODE, Art. 32 LABOR CODE, Art. 33
LABOR CODE, Art. 34 LABOR CODE, Art. 38(a) & (b); R.A. No. 8042, as amended, Sec. 6;
Boneng v. People; G.R. No. 133563, March 4, 1999; People v. Gallo, G.R. No. 185277, March 18, 2010; People v. Hu, G.R. No. 182232, October 6, 2008; People v. Chua, G.R. No. 184058; March 10, 2010; People v. Laogo, G.R. No. 176264, January 10, 2011; Salazar v. Achacoso, 183 SCRA 145 (1990) 7.7 Enforcement & sanctions
LABOR CODE, Arts. 35, 36, 37, 38 & 39; R.A. No. 8042, Secs. 6, 7, & 10;
Serrano v. Gallant Maritime Services, Inc., G.R. No. 16714, March 24, 2009; Eastern Assurance and Surety Corp. v. Sec. of Labor , 181 SCRA 110 (1990); Sto. Tomas v. Salac, G.R. No. 152642, December 5, 2012;
7.7.1 Joint and several liability of private employment agency/ manning agent and employer
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R.A. No. 8042, as amended, Sec. 10, pars. 2 & 3; 2002 POEA Rules, Part II, Rule II, Sec. 1(f)(3); 2003 POEA Rules, Part II, Rule II, Sec. 1(e)(8);
Datuman v. First Cosmopolitan Manpower and Promotion Services, Inc., G.R. No. 156029, November 14, 2008
7.8 Jurisdiction
7.8.1 Regional Trial Court, for criminal action for illegal recruitment
R.A. No. 8042, Sec. 9
R.A. No. 8042, Sec. 10; 7.8.2 NLRC, for money claims arising from employerSerrano v. Gallant Maritime Services, employee relations Inc., G.R. No. 16714, March 24, 2009. Omnibus Rules Implementing R.A. No. 7.8.3 POEA, for administrative 8042, Sec. 28 and disciplinary actions
8 Alien employment regulation
CONST., Art. XII, Sec. 12; Anti-Dummy Law (Com. Act No. 108), Sec. 2-A, as amended, in rel. to CONST., Art. XVI, Sec. 11(1), Art. XVI, Sec. 11(2), Art. XII, Sec. 11; INVESTMENT CODE, Art. 76, par. 2; LABOR CODE, Arts. 40, 41 & 42; Omnibus Rules, Book I, Rule XIV; D.O. No. 97-09 (Revised Rules for Issuance of Employment Permits to Foreign Nationals) D.O. 97-09 , Secs. 1 & 2;
8.1 Coverage
Almodiel v. NLRC, 223 SCRA 341 (1993) 8.2 Conditions for grant of permit
LABOR CODE, Art. 40; D.O. 97-09 , Sec. 10;
WPP Marketing Communications, Inc. v. Galera, 616 SCRA 422 (2010); General Milling Corp. v. Torres , 196 SCRA 215 (1991)
Part III HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 9 Development of human resources
9.1 Policy, goals & objectives
10 Training and employment of apprentices
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LABOR CODE, Arts. 57-81; Technical Education and Skills Development Act (TESDA) of 1994 (R.A. No. 7796); Dual Training Systems Act of 1994 (R.A. No. 7686); Magna Carta for Disabled Persons of 1992 (R.A. No. 7277) R.A. No. 7796, Secs. 2 & 3
LABOR CODE, Art. 58 ; R.A. No. 7796, Sec. 4 (j), (k), (l), & (m). See also: Child Abuse Law of 1992 (R.A. No. 7610), as amended by R.A. No. 7658, re: employment of children below 15 years
10.1 Apprentices, defined
Century Canning Corp. v. CA, 530 SCRA 501(2007); Nitto Enterprises v. NLRC, 248 SCRA 654 (1995); Atlanta Industries v. Sebolino, G.R. Mo. 187320, January 26, 2011
10.2 When apprentices may be employed
LABOR CODE, Arts. 61, 72 &124, last par.
10.3 Conditions of employment
LABOR CODE, Arts. 65, 66, & 67
10.4 Enforcement
11 Training and employment of learners LABOR CODE, Art. 73; R.A. No. 7796, Sec. 4(n)
11.1 Learners, defined
LABOR CODE, Art. 74; R.A. No. 7796, Sec. 4(n)
11.2 When learners may be employed 11.3 Conditions of employment
LABOR CODE, Arts. 75, 76 & 124, last par.
12 Training and employment of disabled LABOR CODE, Arts. 78, 79, 80, & 81; Magna persons (handicapped workers) Carta for Disabled Persons of 1992 (R.A. No. 7277) 12.1 Definition 12.2 Policy declaration 12.3 Coverage 12.4 Rights and privileges
R.A. No. 7277, Sec. 4(a), (b), (c), & (d) R.A. No. 7277, Sec. 2 R.A. No. 7277, Sec. 3 R.A. No. 7277, Secs. 5, & 6
Bernardo v. NLRC, 310 SCRA 186 (1999) Part IV LABOR STANDARDS 13 HOURS OF WORK
13.1 Regulation; rationale
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LABOR CODE, Arts. 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89 & 90; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rules I, IA, & II
Manila Terminal Co. Inc., v. CIR, 91 Phil. 625, 636 (1952)
13.2 Coverage: all employees, in general
LABOR CODE, Arts. 82 & 276; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Secs. 1 & 2
13.3 Exemptions
13.3.1 Government employees 13.3.2 Managerial employees
CONST., Art. IX-B, Sec. 2(1)
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2(b) & (c);
San Miguel Corp. v. Layoc, Jr ., 537 SCRA 77 (2007)
13.3.2.1 Rationale 13.3.2.2 Supervisors are managerial employees 13.3.3 Field personnel
NAWASA v. NAWASA Consolidated Unions, 11 SCRA 766, 776 to 779 (1964) National Sugar Refineries Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 101761, March 24, 1993.
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (f);
Far East Agricultural Supply, Inc. v. Lebatique, 515 SCRA 491(2007); Mercidar Fishing Corp. v. NLRC, 297 SCRA 440 (1998); Union of Filipro Employees v. Vivar , 205 SCRA 200 (1992) 13.3.4 Dependent family members 13.3.5 Domestic helpers 13.3.6 Persons in the personal service of another 13.3.7 Piece workers
LABOR CODE, Arts. 141 &145; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (d) Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 2 (d)
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VII, Sec. 8 (e);
Labor Congress of the Philippines v. NLRC, 290 SCRA 509 (1998) 13.4 Normal hours of work
13.4.1 Change in work hours
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LABOR CODE, Art. 83
13.4.1.1 A management prerogative 13.4.1.2 Compressed work week
Union Carbide Labor Union v. Union Carbide Phils., Inc., 215 SCRA 554 (1992)
Department Order (D.O.) No. 21, Series of 1990, Guidelines on the Implementation of Compressed Workweek; Department Advisory No. 02-04; Department Advisory No. 02-09:
Bisig Manggagawa sa Tryco v. NLRC, G.R. No 1513098, October 15, 2008 13.5 Compensable hours of work in general
13.5.1 On duty
LABOR CODE, Art. 84(a); Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 3 (a) & Sec. 4 (a)
13.5.2 At work
LABOR CODE, Art. 84 (b); Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 3 (b)
13.6 Specific rules
13.6.1 Rest period LABOR CODE, Art. 84, 2nd par.; Omnibus 13.6.1.1 Short duration Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 7, 2nd par. or “coffee break”
13.6.1.2 More than 20 minutes
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (b)
13.6.2 Meal period LABOR CODE, Art. 85; Omnibus Rules, Book 13.6.2.1 Regular meal III, Rule I, Sec. 7, 1st par.; period (one hour) Philippine Airlines v. NLRC, 302 SCRA 582 (1999) Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 7, 1st 13.6.2.2 Shorter meal period (less than one par. hour but not less than 20 min.)
13.6.3 Waiting time
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 5 (a);
Arica v. NLRC, 170 SCRA 776 (89)
15
13.6.4 On call 13.6.5 Inactive due to work interruptions
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 5 (b) Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (d);
University of Pangasinan Faculty Union v. University of Pangasinan, G.R. No. L63122, February 20, 1984
13.6.6 Work after normal hours 13.6.7 Lectures, meeting, trainings 13.6.8 Travel time 13.6.9 "No Work, No Pay" principle 13.7 Overtime work/pay
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 4 (c)
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Sec. 6
Rada v. NLRC, 205 SCRA 69 (1992) University of Pangasinan Faculty Union v. NLRC, 127 SCRA 691 (1984); Prieto v. NLRC, 226 SCRA 232 (1993) LABOR CODE, Arts. 87, 88, 89 & 90; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule I, Secs. 8, 9, &
10 13.7.1 In general 13.7.1.1 Rationale for overtime pay 13.7.1.2 Overtime work: voluntary/ consensual
LABOR CODE, Art. 87
PNB v. Phil. National Bank Employees Association, 115 SCRA 507 (1982) LABOR CODE, Art. 87
Interphil Laboratories Employees' UnionFFW v. Interphil Laboratories, Inc., G.R. No. 142824, December 19, 2001.
13.7.1.3 Overtime instruction, not required
William Lines, Inc. v. Lopez, 96 SCRA 593 (1980)
Cagampan v. NLRC, G.R. No. 85122-24,
13.7.1.4 But evidence March 22, 1991 of performance of overtime work required 13.7.1.5 No offsetting of overtime with under time
16
LABOR CODE, Art. 88
13.7.2 Emergency or compulsory overtime work 13.7.3 Computation 13.8Night work
14 WEEKLY REST PERIODS
14.1 Coverage 14.2 Determination, compulsory work; compensation
15 HOLIDAYS
15.1 Coverage
LABOR CODE, Art. 89;
LABOR CODE, Art. 90 LABOR CODE, Art. 86; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule II, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, & 6 LABOR CODE, Arts. 91, 92 & 93; Omnibus Rules, Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule III, Secs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9 LABOR CODE, Arts. 82 & 91 LABOR CODE, Arts. 91, 92 & 93;
LABOR CODE, Art. 94; R.A. No. 9849; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule IV LABOR CODE, Art. 94 (a);
Mantrade/ FMMC Division Employees and Workers Union v. Bacungan, 144 SCRA 510 (1986)
15.1.1 Exception: retail establishment
LABOR CODE, Art. 94 (a); Rules Implementing R.A. No. 6727, par. f
15.1.2 Exception: service establishment
LABOR CODE, Art. 94 (a); Rules Implementing R.A. No. 6727, par. g
15.2 Holiday pay
LABOR CODE, Art. 94(c);
Asian Transmission Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 144664, May 15, 2004
15.2.1 Faculty in private school
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule IV, Sec. 8 (a);
Jose Rizal College v. NLRC , 156 SCRA 27 (1987)
15.2.2 Divisor as factor 15.2.3 Sunday 15.2.4 Muslim holiday
17
Trans-Asia Phil. Employees Association v. NLRC, 320 SCRA 347 (1999); Wellington Investment Inc. v. Trajano, 245 SCRA 561 (1995)
SMC v. CA, 375 SCRA 311 (2002)
16 SERVICE INCENTIVE LEAVE, PATERNITY Art. 95; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule V; LEAVE AND PARENTAL LEAVE Paternity Leave Act of 1996 (RA 8187); Solo Parents’ Welfare Act of 2000 (RA 8972) 16.1 Service incentive leave coverage
LABOR CODE, Art. 95 (a) (b); Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule V;
Makati Haberdashery Inc. v. NLRC, 179 SCRA 449 (1989); Labor Congress v. NLRC, 290 SCRA 509 (1998); Serrano v. Severino Santos Transit, 627 SCRA 483(2010) 16.2 Paternity leave
Paternity Leave Act of 1996 (R.A. No. 8187), Secs. 1-6; Impl. Guidelines
16.3 Parental leave
Solo Parents’ Welfare Act of 2000 (R.A. No. 8972)
17 SERVICE CHARGES
17.1 Covered employees/sharing
LABOR CODE, Art. 96; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VI LABOR CODE, Art. 96
18 MINIMUM WAGES AND WAGE FIXING MACHINERY 18.1 Minimum wages
LABOR CODE, Art. 99; CONST., Art. XIII, Sec.
3
18.1.1 Rule 18.1.1.1 No work, no pay/ a fair day’s wage for a fair day’s labor
Aklan Electric Corp., Inc. v. NLRC, 323 SCRA 258 (2000); Social Security System v. SSS Supervisors' Union, 117 SCRA 746(1982)
LABOR CODE, Art. 135; 18.1.1.2 Equal pay for work of equal value International School Alliance of Educators v. Quisumbing, G.R. No. 128845, June 1, 2000
18.1.1.3 Form: agreement for compensation of services 18.1.2 Coverage
18
Arms Taxi v. NLRC, 219 SCRA 306 (1993)
LABOR CODE, Arts. 97 (b), (c ) & (e) & 98;
Phil. Fisheries Development Authority v. NLRC,213 SCRA 621 (1992) 18.1.3 Minimum wage
LABOR CODE, Arts. 99, 97(f), 61, 75(c), & 80(b); R.A. No. 9547, Sec. 2
18.1.4 Determination of compliance with minimum wage 18.1.5 Facilities and supplements/allowances
18.1.6 Cash wage/commission
Iran v. NLRC, 289 SCRA 433 (1998)
Millares v. NLRC, 305 SCRA 500 (1999); SLL International Cables Specialist v. NLRC, 644 SCRA 411 (2011)
Songco v. NLRC, 183 SCRA 610 (1990); Boie Takeda v. De la Serna, 228 SCRA 329 (1993); Phil. Duplicators v. NLRC, 241 SCRA 380 (1995)
18.1.7 Gratuity and salary/wages, difference 18.1.8 Effect on benefits -
Plastic Town Center Corp. v. NLRC, 172 SCRA 580 (1989) LABOR CODE, Art. 100;
Davao Fruits Corp. v. ALU, 225 SCRA 562 (1993) 18.2 Wage-fixing machinery
18.2.1 Rationale for wage rationalization
Wage Rationalization Act (R.A. No. 6727) which amended Art. 120-127 & Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule IX RA 6727, Sec. 2
18.2.2 Agencies in wage fixing machinery 18.2.2.1 National Wages and Productivity Commission 18.2.2.2 Regional Tripartite Wages and
19
RA 6727, Sec. 3; LABOR CODE, Arts. 120, 121 & 126
RA 6727, Sec. 3; LABOR CODE, Arts. 122,
126
Productivity Board
Nasipit Lumber Co. v. NWPC, 289 SCRA 667 (98)
18.2.3 Standards/criteria for minimum wage fixing 18.2.4 Wage order
RA 6727, Sec. 3; LABOR CODE, Art. 124
LABOR CODE, Arts. 123 & 124
18.2.4.1 Methods of fixing 18.2.4.1.1 Floor wage method 18.2.4.1.2 Employers Confederation of the Salary - ceiling Philippines v. NWPC, 201 SCRA 759 (1991) method 18.2.4.2 Validity
Cagayan Sugar Milling Co. v. Secretary, 284 SCRA 150 (1998); Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company, Inc. v. NWPC, 514 SCRA 346(2007)
18.2.4.3 Wage distortion
LABOR CODE, Art. 124;
Prubankers Association v. Prudential Bank & Trust Co., 302 SCRA 74 (1999); P.I. Manufacturing, Inc., v. P.I. Manufacturing Supervisors and Foremen Association, 543 SCRA 613 (2008)
18.3 WAGE PAYMENT AND PROTECTION
18.3.1 Form of payment
LABOR CODE, Arts. 102, 103, 104, &105; Civil Code, Art. 1705 LABOR CODE, Art. 102; Civil Code, Art. 1705; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VIII, Secs. 1 & 2;
Congson v. NLRC, 243 SCRA 260 (1995) 18.3.2 Time of payment 18.3.3 Place of payment 18.3.4 Direct payment of
20
LABOR CODE, Art. 103; Sec. 3 LABOR CODE, Art. 104; Sec. 4 LABOR CODE, Art. 105; Omnibus Rules,
wages
Book III, Rule VIII, Secs. 5 & 6;
Bermiso v. Escano Inc., 105 Phil. 231 (1959) 18.4 WAGE PROHIBITIONS
18.4.1 Prohibition against interference in disposal of wages 18.4.2 Prohibition against wage deduction
LABOR CODE, Art. 112; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 12
LABOR CODE, Art. 113; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 13;
Apodaca v. NLRC, 172 SCRA 442 (1989) 18.4.3 Prohibition against requirement to make deposits for loss or damage
LABOR CODE, Art. 114 & 115; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule VIII, Sec. 14;
Dentech Manufacturing Corp. v. NLRC, 172 SCRA 588 (1989); Five J Taxi v. NLRC, 235 SCRA 556 (1994)
18.4.4 Prohibition against withholding of wages 18.4.5 Prohibition against deduction to ensure employment 18.4.6 Prohibition against retaliatory measures 18.4.7 Prohibition against false reporting 18.4.8 Prohibition against keeping of employee’s records in a place other than the workplace
LABOR CODE, Art.116; Civil Code, Art. 1706
LABOR CODE, Art. 117
LABOR CODE, Art. 118
LABOR CODE, Art. 119; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule X, Sec. 13 Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule X, Sec. 11;
South Motorists Enterprises v. Tosoc, 181 SCRA 386 (1990)
Civil Code, Art. 1708; 18.4.9 Prohibition against garnishment/ Gaa v. CA, 140 SCRA 304 (1985) execution 18.5 WORKERS PREFERENCE IN THE
21
LABOR CODE, Art. 110; Civil Code, 1707, 2241, 2242, 2244;
EVENT OF BANKRUPTCY
18.6 WAGE RECOVERY/ JURISDICTION
DBP v. Secretary of Labor , G.R. 79351, November 28, 1989; Barayoga v. Asset Privatization Trust, 473 SCRA 690 (2005) LABOR CODE, Arts. 128, 129, 217, & 111;
Balladares v. Paek Ventures Corp., G.R. No. 161794, June 16, 2009; Meteoro v. Creative Creatures, Inc., G.R. No. 171275, July 13, 2009.
19 Thirteenth month pay 19.1 History of the law 19.2 Coverage
Pres. Decree No. 851
Dentech Manufacturing Corp. v. NLRC, 172 SCRA 588 (1989) Revised Guidelines on the Implementation of 13th Month Pay Law (Revised Guidelines);
Archilles Manufacturing Corp. v. NLRC, 244 SCRA 750 (1995) 19.3 Rationale 19.4 Amount and date of payment
19.4.1 Basic wage/commissions
P.D. No. 851 -(Whereas Clauses) Revised Guidelines, Sec. 4 Revised Guidelines, Sec. 4;
Songco v. NLRC, 183 SCRA 610 (1990); Boie Takeda v. dela Serna, 228 SCRA 329 (1993); Phil. Duplicators Inc. v. NLRC, 241 SCRA 380 (1995); Iran v. NLRC, 289 SCRA 433 (1998)
19.4.2 Substitute payment
Framanlis Farms, Inc. v. MOLE, 171 SCRA 87 (1989)
20 Bonus 20.1 Nature: 20.2 Definition; when demandable
Phil. Duplicators Inc. v. NLRC, 241 SCRA 380 (1995)
Producers Bank of the Philippines v. NLRC, 355 SCRA 489 (2001; Eastern Telecomunications Phil. Inc. v. Eastern Telecoms Union, G.R. No. 185665, February 8, 2012
21 Working conditions for special group
22
of workers LABOR CODE, Art. 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, &138; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII. See also Women in Development and Nation Building Act, R.A. No. 7192 (1992); and Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995, R.A. No. 7877
21.1 WOMEN
21.1.1 Women under the Constitution - Art. II, Sec. 14; Art. XIII, Sec. 14 21.1.2 Coverage
Phil. Telegraph and Telephone Co., v. NLRC, 272 SCRA 596 (1997)
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 1
21.1.3 Prohibited acts 21.1.3.1 Night work/exception 21.1.3.2 Discrimination 21.1.3.3 Stipulation against marriage
21.1.3.4 Discharge on account of pregnancy 21.1.4 Facilities 21.1.5 Special women workers 21.1.6 Maternity leave 21.1.7 Sexual harassment
LABOR CODE, Arts. 130, & 131; R.A. No.
10151 LABOR CODE, Art. 135
LABOR CODE, Art. 136; Philippine
Telegraph and Telephone Co. v. NLRC , 272 SCRA 596 (1997); Star Paper Corp. v. Simbol, 487 SCRA 228(2006) LABOR CODE, Art. 137
LABOR CODE, Arts. 132 & 134 LABOR CODE, Art. 138
Social Security Act of 1997, RA No. 8282, Sec. 14-A RA No. 7877 ;
Domingo v. Rayala, G.R. No. 155831, February 18, 2008 21.2 MINORS
23
LABOR CODE, Arts.139 &140; Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Secs. 2 & 3; Special
Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act (R.A. No. 7610), as amended by the Special Protection of Children Act (R.A. No. 7658)
21.2.1 Minors under the Constitution 21.2.2 Coverage 21.2.3 Working children
21.2.4 Discrimination 21.3 HOUSEHELPERS/ CAREGIVERS
CONST, Art. II, Sec. 13
Omnibus Rules, Book III, Rule XII, Sec. 1 LABOR CODE, Art. 139 ; RA 7610, as amended, Secs. 12-16; DOLE Memo Circular No. 2, s. 1998 Re: Hazardous and non-hazardous establishments LABOR CODE, Art. 140 R.A. No. 10361; Implementing Rules and Regulations of R.A. No. 10361; ILO Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189)
21.4 PROJECT EMPLOYMENT
LABOR CODE, Art. 280 1st par.; PNOC Energy Development Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 169353, April 13, 2007; Aro v. NLRC, G.R. No. 174792, March 7, 2012; William Construction Corp. v. Trinidad, G.R. No. 183250, March 12, 2010;
21.5 CASUAL EMPLOYEES
21.5.1 Nature of work 21.5.2 One year service
LABOR CODE, Art. 280 2nd par .; Omnibus Rules, Book VI, Rule 1, Sec. 5 (b)
Dealco Farms, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 153192, January 30, 2009
Kimberly-Clark (Phils.), Inc. v. Secretary of Labor ,G.R. No. 156668, November 23, 2007
21.6 FIXED-TERM EMPLOYEES
21.7 SEASONAL EMPLOYEES
24
Brent School v. Zamora, G.R. Mo. L-48494, February 5, 1990; Price v. Innodata Phil., Inc., G.R. No. 178505, September 30, 2008 Cebu Metal Corp. v. Saliling, G.R. No. 154463, September 5, 2006; Hacienda Bino v. Cuenca, 456 SCRA 300 (2005)
21.8 PROBATIONARY EMPLOYEES
21.8.1 Definition/purpose
LABOR CODE, Art. 281; 61, 2nd sentence; Omnibus Rules, Book VI, Rule I, Sec. 6; LABOR CODE, Art. 75 (d)
Woodridge School v. Pe Benito , G.R. No. 160240, October 29, 2008; Cebu Marine Beach Resort v. NLRC, G.R. No. 143252, Oct. 23, 2003
A Prime Security Services, Inc. v. NLRC,
21.8.2 Duration: rule/exception
322 SCRA 283 (2000); Canadian Opportunities Unlimited, Inc. v. Dalangin, G.R. No. 172223, February 6, 2012
21.8.3 Extension of contract 21.8.4 Standards - not determined 21.8.5 Private school teachers -- rule
Phil. Federation etc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 121071, December 11, 1998
Davao Contractors Development Cooperative v. Pasawa, G.R. No. 172174, July 9, 2009
Lacuesta v. Ateneo de Manila University, 477 SCRA 217 (2005); Aklan College, Inc. v. Guarino, G.R. No. 152949, August 14, 2007
Part V Termination of Employment 22 General Concepts 22.1 Coverage 22.2 Security of tenure
22.2.1 Nature of right/rationale
LABOR CODE, Art. 278 LABOR CODE, Art. 279;
Llosa Tan v. Silahis International Hotel, 181 SCRA 738 (1990); City Services Corp. Workers v. City Services Corp., 135 SCRA 564 (1985)
22.2.2 Coverage
Inter Orient Maritime Enterprises, Inc. v. NLRC, 235 SCRA 268 (1994); Woodridge School v. Pe Benito, G.R. No. 160240, October 29, 2008
22.2.3 Requisites of valid termination
25
Ting v. CA, G.R. No, 146174, July 12, 2006
22.2.4 Measure of penalty
Bago v. NLRC, G.R. No. 170001, April 4, 2007; Sagales v. Rustan’s Commercial Corp., G.R. No. 166554, November 27, 2008.; Negros Slashers, Inc. v. Teng, G.R. No. 187122, February 22, 2012
23 Termination of employment By employee 23.1 Resignation
Virgen Shipping Corp. v. Barraquio , G.R. No. 178127, April 16, 2009; Casa Cebuana Incorporada v. Leuterio, G.R. No. 176040, September 4, 2009; Mora v. Avesco Marketing Corp., G.R. No. 177414, November 14, 2008
23.1.1 Just causes 23.1.2 Without just cause 23.2 Performance of military or civic duty
LABOR CODE, Art. 285 (b) LABOR CODE, Art. 285 (a) LABOR CODE, Art. 286; Omnibus Rules, Book VI, Rule I, Sec. 12
24 Termination of employment by employer 24.1 Substantive requirements - just causes
24.1.1 Basis - management prerogative 24.1.2 Serious misconduct/willful disobedience (insubordination)
24.1.3 Gross and habitual neglect of duties
26
LABOR CODE, Art. 282; 279; 277 (b)
Ocean East Agency Corp. v. NLRC, 287 SCRA 546 (1998)
LABOR CODE, Art. 282 (a); Yabut v. MERALCO, G.R. No. 190436, January 16, 2012; First Dominion Resources Corp. v. Penaranda, 480 SCRA 504 (2006); Bascon v. CA, 422 SCRA 122 (2004); Lores Realty Enterprises, Inc., v. Virginia E. Pacia, G.R. No. 171189, March 9, 2011. LABOR CODE, Art. 282 (b);
Talidano v. Falcon Maritime and Allied
Services, Inc., G.R. No. 172031, July 14, 2008; School fo the Holy Spirit of Quezon City v. Taguiam, G.R. No. 165565, July 14, 2008; Eastern Overseas Employment Center, Inc. v. Bea, 476 SCRA 384 (2005) 24.1.4 Loss of trust and confidence
LABOR CODE, Art. 282 (c);
James Ben L. Jerusalem v. Keppel Monte Bank , et al.,G.R. No. 169564. April 6, 2011; Salas v. Aboitiz One, Inc., G.R. No. 178236, June 27, 2008; Eats-cetera Food Services Outlet v. Letran , G.R. 179507, October 2, 2009
24.1.5 Commission of crime 24.1.6 Analogous causes
LABOR CODE, Art. 282 (d) LABOR CODE, Art. 282 (e);
Heavylift Manila, Inc. v. CA, 473 SCRA 541 (2005); John Hancock Life Insurance Corp. v. Davis, G.R. 169549, September 3, 2008; Yrasuegui v. PAL, G.R. No. 168081, October 17, 2008
24.1.7 Others 24.1.7.1 Abandonment 24.1.7.2 Courtesy resignation 24.1.7.3 Change of ownership 24.1.7.4 Habitual absenteeism
Batongbacal v. Associated Bank , 168 SCRA 600 (1988)
Manlimos v. NLRC, 242 SCRA 145 (1995)
Quiambao v. Manila Electric Co., G.R. No. 171023, December 18, 2009
24.1.7.5 Fixed-term employment
Medenilla v. PVB, G.R. No. 127673; March 13, 2000; Pamantasan v. Civil Service Commission, 241 SCRA 506 (1995)
24.1.7.6 Past offenses
McDonald's (Katipunan Branch) v. Alba, G.R. 156382, December 18, 2008
24.1.7.7 Immorality
27
Harpoon Marine Services, Inc. v. Francisco, GR No. 167751, March 2, 2011.
Sampaguita Garments Corp. v. NLRC,
24.1.7.8 Conviction of 233 SCRA 260 (1994) crime 24.1.8 Constructive dismissal
24.1.9 Transfer
Gilles v. CA, G.R. No. 149273, June 5, 2009. Chiang Kai Shek College v. CA , 437 SCRA 171 (2004). La Rosa v. Ambassador Hotel, G.R. No. 177059, March 13, 2009 Aguanza v. Asian Terminal Inc., G.R. No. 163505, August 14, 2009; Herida v. F&C Pawnshop and Jewelry Store, G.R. No. 172601, April 16, 2009; PLDT v. Paguio, 472 SCRA 453 (2005)
24.1.10 Promotion 24.1.11 Preventive suspension
Phil. Telegraph v. CA, G.R. No. 152057, Sept. 29, 2003 Old Omnibus Rules, Book V, Rule XXIV, Secs. 3 & 4;
Philippine Airlines Inc. v. NLRC, 292 SCRA 40 (1998)
24.1.12 Residency training 24.2 Substantive requirements business related causes 24.3 Basis - employer right
Felix v. Buenaseda, 240 SCRA 139 (1995) LABOR CODE, Art. 283
Edge Apparel Inc. v. NLRC, 286 SCRA 302 (1998); Elleccion v. NLRC, G.R. No. 184735, September 17, 2009
24.4 Business-related or authorized causes:
24.4.1 Installation of laborsaving devices 24.4.2 Retrenchment to prevent losses
LABOR CODE, Art. 283
LABOR CODE, Art. 283
Flight Attendants & Stewards Association of the Philippines v. PAL, G.R. No. 178083, July 22, 2008; Emcor, Inc. v. Sienes, G.R. No. 152101, September 8, 2009; Metro Construction Inc. v. Aman, G.R. No. 168324, October 12, 2009
24.4.3 Redundancy
28
LABOR CODE, Art. 283;
Lowe Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 164813, August 14, 2009; AMA v. Garcia, G.R. No. 166703, April 14, 2008
24.4.4 Closure of business
LABOR CODE, Art. 283;
Eastridge Golf Club Inc. v. Eastridge Golf Club Inc. Labor Union, G.R. No. 166760, August 22, 2008; Elcee Farms, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 126428, January 25, 2007 24.4.5 Temporary closure
LABOR CODE, Art. 286;
Valdez v. NLRC, 286 SCRA 87 (1998); Eagle Star Security Services, Inc. v. Mirando, G.R. No. 179512, July 30, 2009 24.5 Disease
LABOR CODE, Art. 284;
Duterte v. Kingswood Trading Co ., G.R. No. 160325, October 4, 2007; Crayon Processing v. Pula, G.R. No. 167727, July 30, 2007
25 Procedural requirements
LABOR CODE, Art. 277 (b); Omnibus Rules, Book VI, Rule I, Secs. 1, 2 &
3 25.1 In general
Phil. Movie Pictures Workers' Assciation v. Premiere Productions, Inc., 92 Phil. 843 (1953);
Agabon v. NLRC, 442 SCRA 573 (2004); King of Kings Transport, Inc. v. Mamac, G.R. No. 166208, June 29, 2007 25.2 Right to counsel 25.3 Notice
Salaw v. NLRC, 202 SCRA 7 (1991) Casa Cebuana Incorporada v. Leuterio, G.R. No. 176040, September 4, 2009
25.4 Hearing
Perez v. Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Co., G.R. No. 152048, April 7, 2009; Suico. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 146762, January 30, 2007
25.5 Decision - award
29
Dela Cruz v. Maerks Filipinas Crewing, Inc., G.R. No. 172038, April 14, 2008
25.6 Burden of proof
Macasero v. Southern Industrial Gases Phil., G.R. No. 178524, January 30, 2009; Gallego v. Bayer Phil., Inc., G.R. No. 179807, July 31, 2009
25.7 Degree of proof
Mitsubishi Motors Phils. Corp. v. Simon, G.R. No. 164081, April 16, 2008; Rentokil (Initial) Phil., Inc. v. Sanchez, G.R. No. 176219, December 23, 2008.
25.8 Prescription
26 Reliefs/remedies in illegal dismissal
Callanta v. Carnation Phil., Inc., 145 Scra 268 (1986) LABOR CODE, Arts. 279 & 223
26.1 Reinstatement 26.1.1 Definition
Pheschem Industrial Corp. v. Moldez, 458 SCRA 339 (2005); Citytrust Banking Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 104860; July 11, 1996
26.1.2 Reinstatement pending appeal
Pfizer, Inc., et al. v. Velasco, G.R. No. 177467, March 9, 2011.
26.1.3 Exceptions 26.1.3.1 Closure of business
Philippine Engineering Corp. v. CIR, 41 SCRA 102 (1971)
26.1.3.2 Prayer is for Citytrucking, Inc. v. Balajadia, G.R. No. separation pay in lieu 160769, August 9, 2006; Pheschem of reinstatement Industrial Corp. v. Moldez, 458 SCRA 339 (2005)
30
26.1.3.3 Economic business conditions
Electruck Asia, Inc. v. Meris, 435 SCRA 310 (2004; Union Supervisors etc. v. Sec. Of Labor 128 SCRA 442 (1984)
26.1.3.4 Employees' unsuitability
Divine Word High School v. NLRC, 143
26.1.3.5 Employee’s retirement/overage
Citytrust Banking Corp. v. NLRC, G.R. No.
26.1.3.6 Strained relations
Acesite Corp. v. NLRC, 449 SCRA 360 (2005); Pentagon Steel Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 174141, June 26, 2009.; Cabigting
SCRA 346 (1986)
104860; July 11, 1996
v. San Miguel Foods Inc.,G.R. No. 167706, November 5, 2009
26.1.3.7 Not Feasible
Goma v. Pamplona Plantation, Inc., G.R. No. 160905, July 4, 2008
26.1.3. 8 Offer to reinstate
Ranara v. NLRC, 212 SCRA 631 (1992)
26.2 Backwages 26.2.1Effect of failure to order 26.2.2 Computation
Asian Terminals, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 158458, December 19, 2007.
Triad Security and Allied Services, Inc. v. Ortega, Jr., 481 SCRA 591 (2006); Philippine Journalists, Inc. v. Mosqueda, 429 SCRA 369 (2004); PLDT v. Paguio 472 SCRA 453 (2005); Torres v. Rural Bank of San Juan, Inc. , G.R. No. 184520, March 13, 2013.
26.3 Damages and attorney’s fees 26.4 Separation pay
M + W Zander Phil., Inc. v. Enriquez, G.R. No. 169173, June 5, 2009.
Siemens Phil., Inc. v. Domingo, G.R. No. 150488, July 28, 2008; Nissan North EDSA Balintawak v. Serrano, G.R. No. 162538, June 4, 2009.
26.4.1 Computation/ rationale
26.4.2 Effect of receipt
Businessday Information Systems and Services, Inc. v. NLRC, 221 SCRA 9 (1993; PLDT v. NLRC, 164 SCRA (1988); Songco v. NLRC, 183 SCRA 610 (1990); Amkor Technology Phil., Inc. v. Juangco, G.R. No. 166507, September 27, 2006
26.5 Interest
Nacar v. Gallery Frames, G.R. No. 189871, August 13, 2013.
26.6 Financial assistance 26.5.1 When allowed/not allowed
31
Luna v. Allado Construction Company, Inc., G.R. No. 175251,May 30, 2011; Apacible v. Multimed Industries, et al.,G.R. No. 178903,May 30, 2011 ; Bristol Myers Squibb v. Baban, G.R. 167449,
