LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR (LDR)

< Iagbp @m~mo`mop Xm{a{pfx "I@X! ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣//

AOPXF@]KPAFO

L ~bfpfxm{a{pfx fx iagbp `m~mo`mop xm{a{pfx "I@X! a{ l xm{a{pfx wbf{m xm{a{plokm `mkxml{m{ wapb aokxml{aog aoka`mop iagbp aopmo{apq5 ao fpbmx wfx`{) ap mrbahap{ ~bfpfkfo`}kpasapq/ Ap klo li{f hm xmcmxxm` pf l{ l ~bfpfkfo`}kpfx fx K`[ `msakm) cxfj (kl`ja}j {}ica`m)( wbakb a{ pbm jlpmxali cxfj wbakb pbm `msakm a{ jl`m lo` pblp lkp}liiq mrbahap{ pbm slxalpafo ao xm{a{plokm wapb iagbp imsmi/ L ~bfpf xm{a{pfx a{ jl`m fc l bagb xm{a{plokm {mjakfo`}kpfx/ Ac iagbp cliiaog fo pbm `msakm a{ fc bagb mof}gb cxm|}mokq) ~bfpfo{ lh{fxhm` hq pbm {mjakfo`}kpfx gasm hf}o` mimkpxfo{ mof}gb momxgq pf d}j~ aopf pbm kfo`}kpafo hlo`/ Pbm xm{}ipaog cxmm mimkpxfo "lo` ap{ bfim ~lxpomx! kfo`}kp kf o`}kp mimkpxakapq) mimkpxakapq) pbmxmhq ifwmxaog xm{a{plokm/

‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣

8 Iagbp @m~mo`mop Xm{a{pfx "I@X! ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣//

8/

FHDMKPASM[

@mjfo{pxlpafo fc wfxeaog fc iagbp `m~mo`mop xm{a{pfx lo` mr~ilaoaog ap{ kblxlkpmxa{pak{/ Bmxm hq mr~ilaoaog l~~iaklpafo fc ~bfpfkmii wapb pwf iagbp {mo{apasm kaxk}ap{/ Caoliiq loliqtaog ap{ l`sloplgm{ lo` à{l`sloplgm{ ao xmli iacm/

‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣

; Iagbp @m~mo`mop Xm{a{pfx "I@X! ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣//

;/

JLPMXALI[XM\]AXM@

L iagbp {mo{apasm ~bfpf xm{a{pfx FX^ <8) l <8 S hlppmxq) Xmilq) @af`m AO 0>><) HK <>2 pxlo{a{pfx) <> E ^FP) <>> Fbj Xm{a{pfx/

‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣


0/

PBMFXQ

L ~bfpf xm{a{pfx a{ jl`m fc l bagb xm{a{plokm {mjakfo`}kpfx) wbmo iagbp clii fo {}kb l {mjakfo`}kpfx5 pbm hf}o` mimkpxfo{ gmp pbm iagbp momxgq cxfj aoka`mop ~bfpfo{/ @}m pf pba{ l`àpafoli momxgq pbm{m mimkpxfo{ hmkfjm cxmm lo` d}j~ ao pf kfo`}kpafo hlo`/ Pbm mimkpxfo bfim ~lax{ lxm gmomxlpm`/ @}m pf pbm{m kblxgm klxxam{ pbm kfo`}kpasapq fc I@X aokxml{m{) aokxml{aog ap{ xm{a{pasapq/ ^bfpfmimkpxak `msakm klo hm mapbmx aopxao{ak fx mrpxao{ak/ Lo aopxao{ak {mjakfo`}kpfx bl{ ap{ fwo kblxgm klxxamx{ lo` a{ ofp lo mccakamop {mjakfo`}kpfx) m/g/ {aiakfo/ Ao aopxao{ak `msakm{ pbm foiq lslailhim mimkpxfo{ lxm ao pbm slimokm hlo`) lo` bmokm pbm ~bfpfo j}{p blsm mof}gb momxgq pf mrkapm pbm mimkpxfo lkxf{{ pbm mopaxm hlo` gl~/ Mrpxao{ak `msakm{ blsm aj~}xapam{) li{f kliim` `f~lop{) lo` l``m` wbf{m gxf}o` {plpm momxgq a{ kif{mx pf pbm kfo`}kpafo hlo`5 {aokm pbm mimkpxfo{ `f ofp blsm l{ clx pf d}j~) ifwmx momxgq ~bfpfo{ "a/m/) ifogmx wlsmimogpb{ lo` ifwmx cxm|}mokam{! lxm {}ccakamop pf pxaggmx pbm `msakm/ Ac l {lj~im fc {aiakfo bl{ {fjm fc ap{ lpfj{ xm~ilkm` hq ~bf{~bfx}{ lpfj{ "aj~}xapam{!) pbmxm waii hm mrpxl mimkpxfo{ lslailhim cfx kfo`}kpafo/ Pba{ a{ lo mrlj~im fc lo mrpxao{ak {mjakfo`}kpfx/ ^bfpf xm{a{pfx{ lxm hl{akliiq ~bfpfkmii{/

Cag
‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣

= Iagbp @m~mo`mop Xm{a{pfx "I@X! ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣//

=/

KFO[PX]KPAFOFCI@X

Ap a{ jl`m }~ fc bagb xm{a{plokm {mjakfo`}kpfx/ Pbm iagbp {mo{apasm ~lxp fc pbm I@X a{ l wlsq pxlke fc kl`ja}j {}i~ba`m/ K`[ kmii{ xmiq fo pbm jlpmxali{ lhaiapq pf slxq ap{ xm{a{plokm lkkfxàog pf pbm l jf}op fc iagbp {pxaeaog pbm kmii/

Cag 8/ Kfo{px}kpafo fc I@X

‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣


3/

WFXEAOG

Pbmxm lxm pwf hl{ak kaxk}ap{ }{aog iagbp `m~mo`mop xm{a{pfx{ * pbm cax{p a{ lkpaslpm` hq `lxeom{{) pbm {mkfo` a{ lkpaslpm` hq iagbp/ Pbm pwf kaxk}ap{ lxm smxq {ajailx lo` d}{p xm|}axm lo I@X) {fjm {plo`lx` xm{a{pfx{) l slxalhim xm{a{pfx "lel ~fpmopafjmpmx!) lo` loq {jlii {agoli pxlo{a{pfx

Cag ;/ Iagbp {mo{apasm f~mxlpm` xmilq pq~m <

Ao pbm kaxk}ap àlgxlj lhfsm) pbm xmilq }~ wbmomsmx pbm I@X a{ ao `lxeom{{/ Pbm <>E slxalhim xm{a{pfx a{ }{m` pf caom*p}om pbm imsmi fc `lxeom{{ xm|}axm` hmcfxm pbm Xmilq }~/ Pbm <>E {plo`lx` xm{a{pfx klo hm kblogm` l{ xm|}axm` pf lkbamsm pbm `m{axm` mccmkp) lipbf}gb loq xm~ilkmjmop j}{p hm lp iml{p
‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣


Cag 0/ Iagbp {mo{apasm f~mxlpm` xmilq pq~m 8

Hq {wl~~aog pbm I@X fsmx wapb pbm <>e lo` <>e slxalhim xm{a{pfx{ "l{ {bfwo lhfsm!) pbm kaxk}ap waii hm lkpaslpm` ao{pml` hq iagbp/ Wbmomsmx {}ccakamop iagbp clii{ fo pbm I@X "jlo}liiq caom* p}om` }{aog pbm <>e slxalhim xm{a{pfx!) pbm xmilq waii }~/

‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣


7/ KBLXLKPMXA[PAK[ 7/< {mo{apasapq Pbm {mo{apasapq fc l ~bfpf`mpmkpfx a{ pbm xmilpafo{ba~ hmpwmmo pbm iagbp cliiaog fo pbm `msakm lo` pbm xm{}ipaog f}p~}p {agoli/ Ao pbm kl{m fc l ~bfpfkmii) fom a{ `mliaog wapb pbm xmilpafo{ba~ hmpwmmo pbm aoka`mop iagbp iagbp lo` pbm p bm kfxxm{~foàog xm{a{plokm fc pbm kmii/

Cag =/ [mo{apasm kblxlkpmxa{pak fc I@X

Iagbp `m~mo`mop xm{a{pfx{ blsm l ~lxpak}ilx ~xf~mxpq ao pblp pbmq xmjmjhmx pbm iagbpaog kfoàpafo{ ao wbakb pbmq hmmo {pfxm`/ Pba{ jmjfxq mccmkp klo hm jaoajatm` hq {pfxaog pbm I@X ao iagbp ~xafx pf }{m/ Iagbp {pfxlgm xm`}km{ m|}aiahxa}j pajm pf xmlkb {pml`q xm{a{plokm sli}m

‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣


7/8 [~mkpxli Xm{~fo{m Iaem pbm b}jlo mqm) pbm xmilpasm {mo{apasapq fc l ~bfpfkfo`}kpasm kmii a{ `m~mo`mop fo pbm wlsmimogpb "kfifx! fc pbm aoka`mop iagbp/ Mlkb ~bfpfkfo`}kpfx jlpmxali pq~m bl{ ap{ fwo }oa|}m {~mkpxli xm{~fo{m k}xsm fx ~ifp fc pbm xmilpasm xm{~fo{m fc pbm ~bfpfkmii smx{}{ wlsmimogpb fc iagbp/

/ Cag 3/ [~mkpxli xm{~fo{m fc I@X

‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣

<> Iagbp @m~mo`mop Xm{a{pfx "I@X! ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣//

2/ CMLP]XM[ 2/< L`sloplgm{
2/8 @a{l`sloplgm{
‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣

<< Iagbp @m~mo`mop Xm{a{pfx "I@X! ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣//

1/ L^ÎAKLPAFO[ Aomr~mo{asm kl`ja}j {}i~ba`m kmii{ klo hm cf}o` ao jloq kfo{}jmx apmj{ {}kb l{ kljmxl iagbp jmpmx{) {pxmmp iagbp{) kifke xlàf{) lilxj `msakm{) lo` f }p`ffx kifke{/ Pbmq lxm li{f }{m` ao {fjm `qoljak kfj~xm{{fx{ pfgmpbmx wapb l {jlii aoklo`m{kmop ilj~ fx iagbp mjappaog àf`m pf kfopxfi glao xm`}kpafo/ I@X a{ }{m` ao iagbp aopmxx}~pafo `mpmkpfx{) l}pfjlpak iagbp kaxk}ap{) lo` ifglxapbjak ilw ~bfpfgxl~bak iagbp jmpmx{/

‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣

<8 Iagbp @m~mo`mop Xm{a{pfx "I@X! ‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣//

1/ XMCMXMOKM[

U>2 U8Z bpp~4&&mo/waea~màl/fxg&waea&Waea U;Z Mlxi Glpm{) Aopxf`}kpafo pf Mimkpxfoak{) cax{p màpafo* 8>><

‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣‣

LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR (LDR)

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