Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature With increasing need for better vehicle security, there is now a strong emphasis on developing measures to prevent theft or misuse of vehicle. The goal of this study is determining the location of a vehicle using different methods like GPS and GSM systems operating through satellites and ground based stations. The following sections discuss the literatures relating to vehicle tracking system which uses different technology that have been chosen as basis in the good outcome of this project.
Local Literature Car vehicle is one of the most valued possessions nowadays and having one of this in the Philippines most specially to ordinary company employee is very difficult to become a reality and losing it is really a cruel imagination if it happens. Therefore, looking for other means of securing cars from theft using the present technology, Anti Car Theft System Using Android Phones was realized. Android technology is increasingly being used on a range of devices; the most common hardware to use this platform is mobile phones. Android technology system is open for modification. Google came up with an innovative operation system termed as ANDROID, which is open system
architecture
with
customizable
third
party
development
and
debugging environment which helps the user’s to manipulate the features and it offers developers free platform to make their own applications. The working mechanism of a car alarm system is such that if anybody tries to touch the car or open the doors by unlawful means, the alarm starts out loud, thus alerting the owner or anyone in the vicinity to take proper action . Thieves have always been a scourge upon a civilized society, and the theft of means of transportation has been a problem throughout history. There are many alternatives to prevent the car theft, common car alarm system which nearly all cars have the system installed, and also Global Positioning System (GPS) where the whereabouts of the car can be traced. Recovering the car stolen would be possible because this system allows capturing of video through an interfaced IP cam when there is an intrusion and to determine the location of the car through GPS. Short Message Service (SMS) is a good choice of communication as an added feature to immediately determine that something wrong is happening to the car. This study aimed to develop an anti-car theft system using android phones that notifies the car owner by sending SMS when someone illegally opens the door at the driver’s seat. The developed car security system via SMS is for car applications wherein target users are people who have their own car as well as those people who are using the vehicles of the company or someone who owned a taxi. The device will be situated in a concealed place inside the car for the detection process and for command of data. Car Security system via SMS contains microcontroller as a main brain to control the whole system. It sends SMS
alert to the owner if an undesired incident of car-napped happened, another use of the device which is the GPS will give the location of the car in place. The prototype was an enhancement and development of the Anti-Theft System
concept
to
attain
the
economic
environment
for
security,
maintenance and productivity basis. The prototype has a GPS to track and locate position of the car. The input automatically sends warning message to the owner when an intruder was detected. Automatically the system informs the owner and block the possible car napped of the vehicle. The maintenance form of the program allows the car owner to track, locate and view the current changes within the car. Monitoring the whole area inside the car will check for intruders attempting to steal. The software design was constructed and developed to introduce the car owner with a new system that allows tracking and determining the location of the car. It also allows the car owner to use an android phone for detecting an intruder in the vehicle. Updating the location of the car is also one of the features of the software. The software was made in an Eclipse and Arduino programming. Eclipse was derived from the android phone to enable the rapid application development (RAD), using data access from the android phone, it remotes data objects to control the objects. Through this Integrated Development Environment (IDE) the researchers were able to make the android phone useful to locate the car. In this software, the android phone was interfaced to car to know the location of the vehicle.
The output is to satisfy the user’s needs and to monitor for intruders. The design project was made in a purpose to change the common Anti Car Theft System. Technology makes ways for security to tighten its system to be more reliable and efficient to a car system.
International Literature
Vehicle Tracking System using GSM and GPS Vehicle Tracking System (VTS) is the technology used to determine the location of a vehicle using different methods like GPS and other radio navigation systems operating through satellites and ground based stations. By following triangulation or trilateration methods the tracking system enables to calculate easy and accurate location of the vehicle. Vehicle information like location details, speed, distance traveled etc. can be viewed on a digital mapping with the help of a software via Internet. Even data can be stored and downloaded to a computer from the GPS unit at a base station and that can later be used for analysis. This system is an important tool for tracking each vehicle at a given period of time and now it is becoming increasingly popular for people having expensive cars and hence as a theft prevention and retrieval device. In this project AT89S52 microcontroller is used for interfacing to various
hardware
peripherals.
The
current
design
is
an
embedded
application, which will continuously monitor a moving Vehicle and report the
status of the Vehicle on demand. For doing so an AT89S52 microcontroller is interfaced serially to a GSM Modem and GPS Receiver. A GSM modem is used to send the position (Latitude and Longitude) of the vehicle from a remote place. The GPS modem will continuously give the data i.e. the latitude and longitude indicating the position of the vehicle. The GPS modem gives many parameters as the output, but only the NMEA data coming out is read and displayed on to the LCD. The same data is sent to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the vehicle is demanded. An EEPROM is used to store the mobile number. The hardware interfaces to microcontroller are LCD display, GSM modem and GPS Receiver. The design uses RS-232 protocol for serial communication between the modems and the microcontroller. A serial driver IC is used for converting TTL voltage levels to RS-232 voltage levels. When the request by user is sent to the number at the modem, the system automatically sends a return reply to that mobile indicating the position of the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude. Their team has successfully completed our Project on Tracking down Vehicle and Locking it remotely using GPS and GSM technologies. They first tried to understand the working of our project through the schematic and then we proceeded to build the circuit as per the schematic. Initially we faced few problems with the GPS modem, as it won’t work efficiently inside buildings. And also the GSM modem suffered problems with the coverage area of the Mobile Service Provider. So, they used Airtel as it has maximum
coverage area. In order to solve this problem we can use dedicated servers and purchasing satellite space so that we can track down the vehicle anytime and anywhere. (Bharath et al., 2014)
Intelligent Anti-Theft and Tracking System for Automobiles Despite the various technologies that have been introduced in recent years to deter car thefts and tracking it, It was reported that as many as cars were stolen yearly in the world. According to National Crime Information Center (NCIC), in 2006, 1,192,809 motor vehicles were reported stolen, the losses were 7.9$ billion. Several security and tracking systems are designed to assist corporations with large number of vehicles and several usage purposes. A fleet management system can minimize the cost and effort of employees to finish road assignments within a minimal time. Besides, assignments can be scheduled in advanced based on current vehicles location. Therefore, central fleet management is essential to large enterprises to meet the varying requirements of customers and to improve the productivity. However, there are still some security gaps where these technologies don’t prevent a vehicle from theft, don’t assist to recover it and don’t allow the users to know the status of their vehicles. They can’t permit the owner to communicate with the vehicle online, even if the owner is certain that his vehicle was stolen.
The system has two main units; the first is security unit which is embedded in the vehicle. This unit consists of: a GSM modem, GPS receiver, control relay, current sensor and Microcontroller as shown in Fig. 2 [10]-[12]. The current sensor will send an analog signal to the microcontroller when the car is running. The microcontroller will send SMS directly to the owner to confirm that. NC control relay contacts are connected with the hot line that powers the fuel pump and ECM. The microcontroller can send a signal to the relay to cut off the power, when received SMS contains code from owner mobile to stop it. The GPS Receiver retrieves the location information from satellites in the form of latitude and longitude readings in real-time. The Microcontroller processes the GPS information and transmits it to the user using GSM modem by SMS every 10 minutes when the user asked that from the system by sending SMS contains code. The Microcontroller also reads engine parameters from vehicle data port (OBD-II) and sends them to the second module in the same SMS. The second module is a recipient GSM modem that is connected to a PC or a laptop. The modem receives the SMS that includes GPS coordinates and engine parameters. The modem receives SMS text that includes GPS coordinates, engine parameters, and vehicle engine status. This text is processed using a Visual Basic program to obtain the numeric parameters, which are saved as a Microsoft Office Excel file. To transfer this information to Google Earth, the Excel file is converted to KML (Keyhole Markup Language) format. Google Earth interprets KML file and
shows vehicle’s location on the map. The system’s efficiency is dependable on the sufficiency of the used communication network. In this paper, a low-cost vehicle tracking and monitoring system is presented. The application included a transmitting module which contains an embedded system to combine GPS and GSM devices to retrieve location and vehicle status information and send it to the other stationary module; the second part is the receiving module which collects the transmitted information by SMS and process it to a compatible format to Google Earth to view the location and vehicle status online. (Ramadan et al., 2012)
Tracking Vehicles with GPS: Is it a Feasible Solution? In the recent years, new technologies such as Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPS) and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) have been developed
and
applied
in
the
Global
Positioning
Systems
(GPS).
Consequently, GPS error has been reduced to the order of centimeters. The new features of GPS make many applications possible, such as emergency notification,
roadside
assistance,
stolen
vehicle
recovery,
navigation
assistance, real-time traffic alerts, and mobile “yellow pages”. Furthermore, new vehicle management systems has been developed and deployed across America with GPS based Computer Aided Dispatch/Automatic Vehicle Location (CAD/AVL) systems, geographic information system (GIS), and/or communication links to the Internet. Local transit systems, for example, are seeing payoffs from investment in GPS and AVL technology. Milwaukee
County Transit cut off-schedule buses by 40% after the systems enabled them to spot chronic bottlenecks causing delays. Onboard navigation systems can give novice drivers or Para transit operators point-by-point directions and instant connectivity to control center in case of trouble. Another development is using IT to get more information to the riding public about bus availability, service and routes (Carter 2002). Other similar systems include Central Ohio’s Transit Authority (COTA) in Central Ohio, Blacksburg Transit in Virginia, and Bus Dispatching System (BDS) in Portland. Like most of the electronics products, the cost of the basic GPS chipset keeps on declining steadily. In fact, the profit margin of the basic GPS chipset is quite thin at present. Many GPS products with lower prices and smaller, lighter units are available today in the market. On the other hand, specialized software and integrating GPS on platforms typically cost much more than the GPS equipment itself. For example, a $65 chip set provided by a GPS original equipment manufacturer may be the core of a $600 car navigation device that pays for itself in saved time and driver convenience (International Trade Administration Office of Telecommunications 1998). (Zheng et al.)
Real Time Vehicle Locking and Tracking System using GSM and GPS Technology-An Anti-theft System These days’ car theft cases are higher than ever, give your car an excellent protection with the only reliable anti-theft device. Car central
locking system ensures the best guarantee to protect your car from different kinds of theft cases. It is a car security device that offers excellent protection to your car. A car with central locking security system helps the user to lock and unlock doors at the press of a button. Mainly two types of central locking systems are used in Auto industry - Automatic central locking system and Manual central locking system that ensures smoother and secured operation. Again this system could not prove to provide complete security and accessibility of the vehicle in case of theft. So a more developed system makes use of an embedded system based on GSM technology. The designed & developed system is installed in the vehicle. The main concept in this design is introducing the mobile communications into the embedded system. The main aim of the project is to design and develop an advanced vehicle locking system in the real time environment. The user can send a STATUS message from his cell phone and as soon as the GSM module gets the message, it will check for the user’s authentication and if found to be valid, it will immediately send the details of the locations like the latitude and the longitude using GPS module. So the user can get to know the exact location of the vehicle. At the same time message will b sent to a personal computer where user can get the exact location of vehicle pointed out on the google maps. This project deals with the design & development of a theft control system for an automobile, which is being used to prevent or control the theft of a vehicle. The simulation of the circuit design and its implementation is
done using PROTEUS software. This system is designed to improve vehicle security and accessibility. With the use of wireless technology vehicle owners are able to enter as well as protect their automobiles with more passive involvement. Ideally, this project could be made more convenient and secure with the use of satellite modems instead of cell phones as tracking device as the system may fail when there is no network coverage. This design can be made more enhanced in future to support camera, handset phone / hands free, mobile data LCD display, web based tracking software, also PC based stand-alone software. In our project the security system is based on embedded control which provides security against theft. The GSM modem provides information to the user on his request. The owner can access the position of the vehicle at any instant. He sends a message in order to lock the vehicle. The GPS receiver on the kit will locate the latitude and longitude of the vehicle using the satellite service. This is reliable and efficient system for providing security to the vehicles through GSM, GPS and serial communication.
The
maximum
speed
according
to
the
standard
is
20kbits/sec. (Wankhade et al., 2011)
GSM Based Car Security System Other security system prevent from unwanted and give information to the nearer or recorded security system give late information, while GSM based car security system give information at a time and this system also inform the nearer people .This is GSM based car security system (GBCSS) so
it is send the sms and also generate the alarm when this security system is break .So we can save our car and thief is failed. That’s why this system is latest system up till now. The features of the GSM Based
Car
Security are as follows: This
device will take a maximum current of 4 amps and 230 V AC LCD Display AT89S52 microcontroller, vibration detector, optical detector, revolution detector sending the sms when anybody try to steal the car of owner.(Shah et al., 2012) Android Application for Vehicle Theft Prevention and Tracking System Despite the various technologies that have been introduced in recent years to deter car thefts and tracking it, It was reported that as many as cars were stolen yearly in the world. According to National Crime Information Centre (NCIC), in 2006, 1,192,809 motor vehicles were reported stolen, the losses were 7.9$ billion. Several security and tracking systems are designed to assist corporations with large number of vehicles and several usage purposes. A fleet management system can minimize the cost and effort of employees to finish road assignments within a minimal time. Besides, assignments can be scheduled in advanced based on current vehicles location.
Therefore,
central
fleet
management
is
essential
to
large
enterprises to meet the varying requirements of customers and to improve the productivity. However, there are still some security gaps where these technologies don’t prevent a vehicle from theft, don’t assist to recover it and don’t allow the users to know the status of their vehicles. They can’t permit
the owner to communicate with the vehicle online, even if the owner is certain that his vehicle was stolen. In wireless data transporting, GSM and SMS technology is a common feature with all mobile network service providers. Utilization of SMS technology has become popular because it is an inexpensive, convenient and accessible way of transferring and receiving data with high reliability. A simple system has been designed which helps the user exploit the working of multiple processors in parallel. The system consists of modern hardware and software components enabling one mobile to track their vehicle online or offline. The Android mobile within the vehicle receives the latitudinal information from the satellite through GPS and the GPRS enabled sim sends message to the other sim. The user interface is on another Android mobile where the user can track the vehicle on Google map. The entire document should be in Times New Roman or Times font. Type 3 fonts must not be used. Other font types may be used if needed for special purposes. The vehicle tracking application is installed in the android mobile of the owner. There is a GSM modem in the vehicle tracking and locking system installed in the vehicle. As soon as the engine starts the system installed in the vehicle sends a confirmation message to the owner using the sim in the GSM modem. In case there is a theft the owner can react accordingly using the application installed in his android phone.
In this study, a low-cost vehicle tracking and monitoring system is presented. The application included a transmitting module which contains an embedded system to combine GPS and GSM devices to retrieve location and vehicle status information and send it to the other stationary module; the second part is the receiving module which collects the transmitted information by SMS and process it to a compatible format to Google Earth to view the location and vehicle status online. (Madhu C G et al., 2014)
Locking and Unlocking of Theft Vehicles Using CAN Today’s Automobiles, invariably comply with digital control systems as a consequence of constant growth in technology. Recent Vehicles contains large number of Electronic Control Systems and already there are large numbers of Electronic Control Units present. The growth of automotive electronics is the result parties of the customers wish for better safety and greater comfort and also for other requirements like improved emission control and reduced fuel consumption. Electronic Control Units (ECUs) are increasingly being deployed in automobiles to control one or more electronic subsystems to realize various functions .When someone drives a car there are many signals that are passed between the various ECU’s embedded inside the car. Output signals from an Electronic Control Unit contain information about the current state of the car as the driver interacts continuously with the car. A modern day automobiles can consists up to 80 ECU’s, sensing and taking tabs of the various parameters of the automobiles.
This rapid and complex exchange of signals ensures the proper functioning of the car. Automotive industry uses Controller Area Network (CAN) as the in-vehicle network for the Engine Management, the body electronics like door and roof control, air conditioning and lighting as well as for the entertainment control. Nowadays all most all car manufacturers have also started implementing CAN based vehicle automation. CAN networks used in engine management to connect several ECUs. A vehicle tracking system combines the installation of an electronic device in a vehicle, or fleet of vehicles, with purpose-designed computer software atleast at one operational base to enable the owner to track the vehicle's location. Collecting data in the process from the field and deliver it to the base of operation. The terms cover a range of products which, by use of communications technology, or a combination of technologies, identify a stolen vehicle and its real-time location and present this information to a Systems Operating Centre (SOC) or to the police. Tracking systems also continue to update the data and differentiate between a particular stolen vehicle and all other vehicles, which may or not be stolen. It is recognized that such systems may be a facility within fleet management/logistics systems or part of services known as vehicle telemetric. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use GPS technology for locating the vehicle and also other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used.
Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial data communications bus for real-time applications, developed by engineers at Bosch. Evaluated existing serial bus systems regarding their possible use in passenger cars and found that none of the available network protocols were able to fulfill the requirements of the automotive applications in 1980’s. CAN is based on the “broadcast communication mechanism”, which is based on a messageoriented transmission protocol. The Controller Area Network (CAN) is used in a broad range of embedded as well as automation control systems. Application of CAN includes in the area of CAN in cars & Truck Engine, Maritime Applications, Avionics System Networks, Building Automation etc. Commercially
available
anti-theft
vehicular
systems
are
very
expensive. The paper act towards with the design & development of a Theft Control System for an automobile, which is being used to prevent or control the theft of a vehicle. The developed system makes use of an embedded system and n GSM /GPS technology. The proposed system, installed in the vehicle can be easily controlled by the owner of the vehicle by sending a message from his/her mobile to the vehicle engine by interfacing with CAN bus and GSM modem. Once, the vehicle is being stolen, the information is being used by the vehicle owner for further processing, where by sitting at a remote place, a message is sent to the interfacing GSM modem that is interfaced with the ECU which is installed in the vehicle. By reading the
signals received by the mobile, the engine is locked automatically and speed of the vehicle reduced to zero. Again it will come to the normal condition only after entering a secured password by the owner of the vehicle. The main idea behind the design is to introduce the Mobile technologies into the embedded system. The designed unit is very cost effective. The entire designed unit is on a single chip (ECU). When the vehicle is stolen, owner will send a message to the mobile which is embedded in the car showing the exact location using GPS. To stop the vehicle, owner sends a message to control system placed in vehicle as an ECU that automatically stops the flow of the fuel in the vehicle by sending message through CAN Bus thus automatically engine speed reduce to zero. (Manjunath T K et al., 2013)
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF GPS-GSMBASED TRACKING SYSTEM WITH GOOGLEMAP BASED MONITORING In
this
urban
life
transportation
is
very
common.
A
lot
of
mishappenings occur on the road every day. Therefore the need of security and monitoring is developed. To resolve such problems, a system is developed using GPS and GSM technologies and an application is introduced in this research work. This system has Global Positioning System (GPS) which will receive the coordinates from the satellites among other critical information. Tracking system is very important in modern world. This can be useful in soldier
monitoring, tracking of the theft vehicle and various other applications. The system is microcontroller based that consists of a global positioning system (GPS) and global system for mobile communication (GSM). This project uses only one GPS device and a two way communication process is achieved using a GSM modem. GSM modem, provided with a SIM card uses the same communication process as we are using in regular phone. The system is not limited to find the location of the target but also calculates the distance travelled b/w two stations. This system is user friendly, easily installable, easily accessible and can be used for various other purposes. After installation system will locate target by the use of a Web application (HTML based application) in Google map. The system allows to track the target anytime and anywhere in any weather conditions. (Verma et al., 2013)
Synthesis Based on the study of Rohitaksha K , Madhu C G et al. (2014), the application of vehicle tracking system has included a transmitting module which contains an embedded system to combine GPS and GSM devices to retrieve location and vehicle status information and send it to the other stationary module. Most of the study about our project was using Microcontroller, GPS and GSM module to locate the position of the vehicle and receives sms from the device attached to the vehicle. You take control the switching mechanism of the engine of your car. When the car starts
running, the client receives a confirmation SMS that it is running now. If this is illegal operation or any intruders try to run the car, the owner can send SMS to switch off the car. Afterwards, the system will check the mobile number for received message, to confirm that the phone number could access the security system; if the phone number is legal the system will turn off the car. If the owner needs to track the vehicle, he/she have to send SMS contains special code, after that he/she will receive a SMS containing the GPS coordinates of the car, the SMS updating its content every predetermined period. Also the car owner can connect another GSM modem with laptop to track the vehicle immediately using Google Earth.
