ADAPTACIÓN Y ESTANDARIZACIÓN DEL INVENTARIO DE INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL DE BarOn ICE: NA, EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES Nel l y Uga r r i zaChávez Li z P aj ar esDelAgui l a
CONTENIDO Pág.
+#+ari(
SOBRE LAS AUTORAS PRESENTACIÓN
v
CAPÍTULO 1
1
vi
INTRODUCCIÓN
1
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL
1
Ficha Técnica $rinci$a%!# &!% BarOn ICE'NA Carac!r"#ica# U#(# &!% BarOn ICE' NA Ca%i*icaci(n!# &!% A&,ini#raci-n ca%i*icaci-n &!% BarOn ICE' NA 0a!ria%!# Pr(c!&i,i!n(#&!A&,ini#raci-n 0UESTREO 0+!#ra inicia% 0+!#ra *ina% 0+!#ra $(n&!ra&a
11 ) ) / / / 2 2 2
CAPÍTULO )
3
INTERPRETACIÓN 4 USO
3
In!r$r!aci-n &!% BarOn ICE' NA
3
In!r$r!an&( %(# "!,# In!r$r!aci-n %a# &! r!#$+!#a# %(# $+na6!#a!#ca%ar!# In!r$r!aci-n &! %(# $ar(n!# &!% $!r*i% Una G+"a $a#( a $a#( $ara in!r$r!ar !% BarOn'ICE' NA Pa#( 1' E8a,inan&( %a va%i&!9 Pa#( )' Eva%+an&( !% niv!% &! !#a&( &! áni,( ac+a% Pa#( /' Eva%+an&( !% niv!% g!n!ra% &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% Pa#( ' Eva%+an&( !% $ar-n &! %a#&i,!n#i(n!# &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% Pa#( 2' C(,$aran&( %(# r!#+%a&(# &!% BarOn ICE' NA c(n ha%%a9g(# &! *+!n!# a&ici(na%!# Pa#( ;' R!#+,i!n&( %(# ha%%a9g(# haci!n&( r!c(,!n&aci(n!# $ara ,!6(rar %a#
55 7 7 7 7 7 1:
CAPÍTULO /
1/
0EDICIÓN DE LA INTELIGENCIA E0OCIONAL EN NI>OS 4 ADOLESCENTES E% ,(&!%( &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% &!% BarOn DESARROLLO DEL IN?ENTARIO DE BAR@ON E@I D!#arr(%%( &! %a !#ca%a $r!%i,inar Aná%i#i# !8$%(ra(ri( &! %a !#ca%a R!!#r+c+raci-n &! %a !#ca%a Aná%i#i# Fac(ria% !8$%(ra(ri( &! %(# 51 "!,# &! %a E#ca%a Aná%i#i# Fac(ria% c(n*ir,a(ri( NA&!% BarOn ICE' 1;
1/
iii
11 11 11 1)
12 12 12 12 12
Cr!aci-n&!%Ín&ic!&!Inc(n#i#!ncia Cr!aci-n&!%a*(r,aA=r!via&a&!%BarOnICE'NA D!#arr(%%( &!% Inv!nari( &! BarOn ICE' NA !n %a ,+!#ra $!r+ana
1; 1; 13
CAPÍTULO
15
ESTADÍSTICAS DESCRIPTI?AS 4ANLISIS PSICO0TRICO Da(# n(r,aiv(# E*!c(# &! E&a& %a S!8( !%
15 15 ))
FOR0A CO0PLETA FOR0A ABRE?IADA PROPIEDADESPSICO0TRICASDELBarOnICE.NA CONFIABILIDAD C(n#i#!ncia in!rna 0!&ia&!%a#C(rr!%aci(n!#In!r@I!,# Err(r E#án&ar ?ALIDE ?a%i&!# C(n#r+c( &! E#r+c+ra*ac(ria%&!%BarOnICE'NA In!rc(rr!%aci(n!#&!%a#!#ca%a#&!%BarOnICE'NA C(rr!%aci(n!#!nr!%a#*(r,a#C(,$%!aA=r!via&a Ora# !vi&!ncia# &! ?a%i&!9 CO0ENTARIOS FINALES
)) ) )2 )2 )2 ); )3 )5 )7 )7 // / / /;
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
/3
ANEOS'
/7
IN?ENTARIOE0OCIONALBarOnICE'NACO0PLETA IN?ENTARIOE0OCIONALBarOnICE'NAABRE?IADA
/7 1
Lista de Tablas Ta=%a 1. Ta=%a ). Ta=%a /. Ta=%a . Ta=%a 2. Ta=%a ;. Ta=%a 3. Ta=%a 5.
0!&ici(n!# c(n!ni&a# !n!% ICE' NA @ C(,$%!a 0!&ici(n!# c(n!ni&a# !n !%ICE' NA @ A=r!via&a Di#ri=+ci-n &! %a ,+!#ra inicia% #!gHn #!8( gr+$(# &! !&a& Di#ri=+ci-n &! %a ,+!#ra *ina% #!gHn #!8( gr+$(# &! !&a& Di#ri=+ci-n &! %a ,+!#ra *ina% $(n&!ra&a $(r#!8( gr+$(# &! !&a& Di#ri=+ci-n &! %a ,+!#ra #!gHn gra&( g!#i-n Pa+a# $ara in!r$r!ar %(# $+na6! !#án&ar!# &!% BarOn ICE' NA D!#cri$ci(n!# &! %a !#ca%a BarOn ICE' NA
) ) 2 2 ; ; 5
1:
Ta=%a 7. Inv!nari( &! BarOn $ara Ni(#' Par!# &! Í!,# +#a&(# !n !% Ín&ic! &! E,(ci(na% Inc(n#i#!ncia 13 Ta=%a 1:. 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar Pr+!=a &! S+&!n &! %a# E#ca%a# 15 &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(. Ta=%a 11. 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar Pr+!=a &! S+&!n &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(. 17 Ta=%a 1). 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar Pr+!=a &! S+&!n &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% 17 Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-n. Ta=%a 1/. 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar Pr+!=a &! S+&!n &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-n. ): iv
Ta=%a 1. 0!&ia D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar (=!ni&a# ,!&ian! !% ANCO?A &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r gr+$(# &! #!8(.!&a& ): Ta=%a 12. 0!&ia D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar (=!ni&a# ,!&ian! !% ANCO?A &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! #!8(.!&a& )1 Ta=%a 1;. 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar (=!ni&a# ,!&ian! !% ANCO?A &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn ICE' NA@ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r gr+$(# &! g!#i-n. !&a& )1 Ta=%a 13. 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar (=!ni&a# ,!&ian! !% ANCO?A &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn ICE' NA@ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(#))&! g!#i-n. !&a& Ta=%a 15. Aná%i#i# Univaria&( &! ?arian9a' Pr+!=a F niv!%!# &! #igni*icaci-n c(!@ *ici!n!# Ea) Pr+!=a S+&!n N!J,an K!+%# &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% In@ v!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $ara %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(. )/ Ta=%a 17. Aná%i#i# Univaria&( &! ?arian9a' Pr+!=a F niv!%!# &! #igni*icaci-n c(!@ *ici!n!# Ea) Pr+!=a S+&!n N!J,an K!+%# &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% In@ v!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $ara %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-n. )/ Ta=%a ):. Aná%i#i# Univaria&( &! ?arian9a' Pr+!=a F niv!%!# &! #igni*icaci-n c(!@ *ici!n!# Ea) Pr+!=a S+&!n N!J,an K!+%# &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% In@ v!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $ara %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(. ) Ta=%a )1. Aná%i#i# Univaria&( &! ?arian9a' Pr+!=a F niv!%!# &! #igni*icaci-n c(!@ *ici!n!# Ea) Pr+!=a S+&!n N!J,an K!+%# &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% In@ v!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $ara %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-n. ) Ta=%a )). C(!*ici!n! &! C(n#i#!ncia In!rna $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,aC(,$%!a$(rgr+$(#&!!&a&#!8(M. )2 Ta=%a )/. C(!*ici!n! &! C(n#i#!ncia In!rna $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ A=r!via&a $(rgr+$(#&!!&a& #!8(M. )2 @ Ta=%a ). F(r,a C(!*ici!n! &! C(n#i#!ncia In!rna $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA F(r,aC(,$%!a$(rgr+$(#&!!&a&g!#i-nM. )2 Ta=%a )2. C(!*ici!n! &! C(n#i#!ncia In!rna $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,aA=r!via&a$(rgr+$(#&!!&a&#!8(M. )2 Ta=%a );. C(rr!%aci(n!# In!r@Í!,# $ara %a# E#ca%a# &! BarOn ICE' NA@ F(r,a C(,$%!a$(rgr+$(#&!!&a&#!8(M. ); Ta=%a )3. C(rr!%aci(n!# In!r@Í!,# $ara %a# E#ca%a# &! BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(M. ); Ta=%a )5. C(rr!%aci(n!# In!r@Í!,# $ara %a# E#ca%a# &! BarOn ICE' NA@ F(r,a C(,$%!a$(rgr+$(#&!!&a&g!#i-nM. )3 Ta=%a )7. C(rr!%aci(n!# In!r@Í!,# $ara %a# E#ca%a# &! BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-nM. )3 Ta=%a /:. Err(r!# !#án&ar!# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a. )3 Ta=%a /1. Err(r!# !#án&ar!# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a. )5 Ta=%a/).Í!,#ana%i9a&(#*ac(ria%,!n! /: Ta=%a //. P!#(# &! %(# Í!,# !n !% Aná%i#i# Fac(ria% E8$%(ra(ri( *ac(r!# r(a@ &(#M &!% BarOn ICE' NA @,+6!r!# F(r,a C(,$%!a $ara %a ,+!#ra N $ari@ //3M #!8( var(n!# 137/ 1251M g!#i-n !#aa%(a% 1525 121;M c+%ar /1 Ta=%a /. P!#(# &! %(# Í!,# !n !% Aná%i#i# Fac(ria% E8$%(ra(ri( *ac(r!# r(a@ &(#M &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $ara %a ,+!#ra (a% N //3M #!8( var(n!# 137/ ,+6!r!# 1251M g!#i-n !#aa% 1525 $ari@ 121;M c+%ar /1 Ta=%a /2. In!rc(rr!%aci(n!# &! %a# !#ca%a# BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r S!8(. // v
Ta=%a /;. In!rc(rr!%aci(n!# &! %a# !#ca%a# BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r #!8(. Ta=%a /3. In!rc(rr!%aci(n!# &! %a# !#ca%a# BarOn ICE' NA@ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r g!#i-n. Ta=%a /5. In!rc(rr!%aci(n!# &! %a# !#ca%a# BarOn ICE' NA@ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r g!#i-n. Ta=%a /7. C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! %a# *(r,a# C(,$%!a A=r!via&a &!%BarOn ICE' NA #!8(. #!gHn !% / Ta=%a :. C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! %a# *(r,a# C(,$%!a A=r!via&a &!%BarOn ICE' NA #!gHn g!#i-n. %a /
// // //
Ta=%a 1. C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! !% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a !% I@CE &! /2 BarOn$araA&+%(# !n!#+&ian!# +niv!r#iari(#. Ta=%a ). C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! !% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a !% I@CE &! BarOn$araA&+%(#!n!#+&ian!#+niv!r#iari(#. /2 Ta=%a /. C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! !% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a !% Inv!nari( &! D!$r!#i-n &! R!n(%&# $ara A&(%!#c!n!# &! +n C!nr( E&+caiv( E#a@ ?ia &! A%a. a% /2 Ta=%a . C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! !% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a !% Inv!nari( &! D!$r!#i-n &! R!n(%&# $ara A&(%!#c!n!# &! +n C!nr( E&+caiv( E#a@ ?ia &! A%a. a% /2
Lista de Figuras Fig+ra 1. R!$r!#!naci-n &! %a# varian9a !8$%ica&a# !n ca&a *ac(r &!% BarOn ICE' ?!r#i-n NA @ C(,$%!a. /) Fig+ra ). ?!r#i-n R!$r!#!naci-n NA @ C(,$%!a. &! %a# varian9a !8$%ica&a# !n ca&a *ac(r &!% BarOn ICE' //
vi
SOBRE LAS AUTORAS Nelly Ugarriza Chávez Pr(*!#(ra E,éria &! %a Univ!r#i&a& Naci(na% 0a(r &! San 0arc(# D(c(ra !n P#ic(%(g"a D(c(ra !n E&+caci-n 0a#!r !n Ci!ncia# !n P(r%an& Sa! Univ!r#i Or!g(n USA E#+&i(# P(#@D(c(ra% !n Inv!#igaci-n !n %a Univ!r#i&a& &! Ca%i*(rnia L(# Ang!%!# USA C!ri*ica&a c(,( !#$!cia%i#a !n !% Pr(gra,a &!% D!#arr(%%( &! %a In!%ig!ncia E,(ci(na% $(r 0
vii
PRESENTACIÓN La $ri,!ra v!r#i-n &!% Inv!nari( &! In!%ig!ncia &! BarOn $ara 6-v!n!# a&+%(# *+! a&a$a&a va%i&a&a !n n+!#r( $a"# $(r %a Dra. N!%% Ugarri9a. En #+ #!g+n&a !&ici-n #! r!a%i9ar(n a%g+na# ,(&i*icaci(n!# r!%aci(na&a# c(n %a a,$%iaci-n &! %(# an!c!&!n!# hi#-ric(# c(nc!$+a%!# +! *+n&a,!nan !% &!#arr(%%( &!% Inv!nari(. S+ a$%icaci-n !n %a# &iv!r#a# ár!a# &! %a $#ic(%(g"a ha #i&( ,+ #igni*icaiva #+rgi!n&( %a n!c!#i&a& &! a,$%iar %a !va%+aci-n &! %a# ca$aci&a&!# !,(ci(na%!# #(cia%!# !n ni(# a&(%!#c!n!# $(r %( +! #! r!a%i9- %a a&a$aci-n !#an&ari9aci-n &!% Inv!nari( BarOn ICE' NA !n +na ,+!#ra &! //3 ni(# a&(%!#c!n!# &! Li,a 0!r($(%iana !nr! %(# 3 15 a(#. E#! Inv!nari( &! a+(rr!$(r! !#á &i#!a&( $ara !va%+ar %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% +! !nci!rra %a ha=i%i&a& $ara c(,$r!n&!r#! a #" ,i#,( a %(# &!,á# r!%aci(nar#! c(n %(# $ar!# ,i!,=r(# &! %a *a,i%ia a&a$ar#! a %a# !8ig!ncia# &!% ,!&i( a,=i!n!. E#á in!gra&( $(r %a# E#ca%a# Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% 0an!6( &!% E#ré# A&a$a=i%i&a& E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra%. P+!&! #!r +#a&( $(r &i*!r!n!# $r(*!#i(na%!# !#$!cia%,!n! ca$acia&(# $#ic-%(g(# c(n#!6!r(# !#c(%ar!# ra=a6a&(r!# #(cia%!# $#i+iara#. C(n#a &! &(# v!r#i(n!#' +na C(,$%!a &! ;: "!,# (ra A=r!via&a &! /: "!,#. P+!&! #!r ca%i*ica&a rá$i&a,!n! $(r +n #i#!,a c(,$+ari9a&( (=!nién&(#! $!r*i%!# $(r !&a& #!8( g!#i-n !#aa% $riva&a. L(# r!#+%a&(# &! !#! !#+&i( $!r,i!n +i%i9ar !#! in#r+,!n( c(n *in!# &! &iagn-#ic( $r!v!nci-n *aci%ian&( !% &!#arr(%%( &! $r(gra,a# &! in!rv!nci-n !n !% ca,$( c%"nic( !&+caiv( a&!,á# !# +na $r+!=a ,+ va%i(#a $ara %a inv!#igaci-n. La# a+(ra# agra&!c!n %a a#!#(r"a !#a&"#ica =rin&a&a $(r !% 0g. (rg! Ba9án a %(# $r(*!#(r!# $#ic-%(g(# +! a$%icar(n !% inv!nari( a %(# &ir!c(r!# &! %a# in#i+ci(n!# !&+caiva# +! c(%a=(rar(n c(n !% !#+&i( #(=r! (&( a %(# ni(# a&(%!#c!n!# a +i!n!# &!&ica,(# !#$!cia%,!n! !#! ra=a6(.
Nelly Ugarriza Liz Pajares
viii
i8
CAPÍTULO 1 INTRODUCCIÓN DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL Fi!a T"#ia N(,=r! Origina% A+(r
' Ei@4? BarOn E,(i(na% +(i!n Inv!n(r ' R!+v!n Bar@On
Pr(c!&!nciaP!r+ana A&a$aci-n A&,ini#raci-n F(r,a# D+raci-n
'' ' ' '
A$%icaci-n P+n+aci-n Signi*icaci-n Ti$i*icaci-n U#(#
' ' ' ' '
0a!ria%!#
'
T(r(n( Cana&á N!%% Ugarri9a Cháv!9 Li9 Pa6ar!# In&ivi&+a% ( C(%!civa. F(r,a#C(,$%!aA=r!via&a Sin %",i! &! i!,$( F(r,a c(,$%!a' ): a )2 ,in+(# a$r(8i,a&a,!n! A=r!via&a &! 1: a 12 ,in+(#M. Ni(# a&(%!#c!n!# !nr! 3 15 a(#. Ca%i*icaci-nc (,$+ari9a&a Eva%+aci-n &! %a# ha=i%i&a&!# !,(ci(na%!# #(cia%!#. Bar!,(# P!r+an(# E&+caci(na% c%"nic( 6+r"&ic( ,é&ic( !n %a inv!#igaci-n. S(n +#+ari(# $(!ncia%!# a+!%%(# $r(*!#i(na%!# +! #! &!#!,@ $!an c(,( $#ic-%(g(# $#i+iara# ,é&ic(# ra=a6a&(r!# #(@ cia%!# c(n#!6!r(# +(r!# (ri!na&(r!# v(caci(na%!#. Un &i#+!! +! c(ni!n!' C+!#i(nari(# &! %a *(r,a C(,$%!a A=r!via&a ca%i*icaci-n c(,$+ari9a&a $!r*i%!#.
Carater$stias %ri#i%ales del BarO# ICE& NA E% BarOn ICE' NA !# +n inv!nari( +! in!gra c(n(ci,i!n(# !-ric(# *+n&a,!n(# !,$"ric(# +na *ina #(*i#i*icaci-n &! %a# écnica# $#ic(,érica#. E% in#r+,!n( !# c(n*ia=%! vá%i&( (*r!c! a% +#+ari( +n nH,!r( i,$(ran! &! carac!r"#ica# +! inc%+!n' ▪ ▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Una ,+!#ra n(r,aiva a,$%ia N //3M. N(r,a# !#$!ci*ica# &! #!8( !&a& &i*!r!n!# gr+$(# &! !&a&!# !nr! %(# 3 15 a(#M. E#ca%a# ,+%i&i,!n#i(na%!# +! !va%Han %a# carac!r"#ica# c!nra%!# &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. Una !#ca%a &! i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva $ara i&!ni*icar a %(# +! in!nan cr!ar +na i,ag!n !8ag!ra&a,!n! *av(ra=%! &! #" ,i#,a. Un *ac(r &! c(rr!cci-n +! $!r,i! a% +#+ari( +n a6+#! &! %a# r!#$+!#a# $(#iiva# +! i!n&!n a &ar %(# ni(# ,+ $!+!(#. Un Ín&ic! &! Inc(n#i#!ncia +! !#á &i#!a&( $ara &!!car !% !#i%( &! r!#$+!#a &i#cr!$an!. Pa+a# $ara %a a&,ini#raci-n ca%i*icaci-n (=!nci-n &! +n $!r*i% &! r!#+%a&(# c(,$+ari9a&(#. A%a c(n*ia=i%i&a& va%i&!9.
E% BarOn ICE' NA c(ni!n! ;: "!,# &i#ri=+i&(# !n 3 !#ca%a#. Ta,=ién inc%+! +na !#ca%a +! !va%Ha %a# r!#$+!#a# inc(n#i#!n!# Ín&ic! &! Inc(n#i#!nciaM +! !#á &i#!a&( $ara i&!ni*icar %a# r!#$+!#a# a% a9ar.
1
En !% ,an+a% #! $r!#!na %a *(r,a C(,$%!a A=r!via&a &!% BarOn ICE' NA FAM +! c(ni!n!n ;: /: "!,# r!#$!civa,!n!. La in*(r,aci-n !# a$%ica=%! a a,=a# *(r,a# &! inv!nari(. La# a=%a# 1 ) ,+!#ran %a# !#ca%a# &!% ICE' NA &! BarOn $ara a,=a# *(r,a#. E% ICE BarOn' NA +#a +na !#ca%a &! i$( LiQ!r &! $+n(# !n %a c+a% %(# !va%+a&(# r!#$(n&!n a ca&a "!, #!gHn %a# #ig+i!n!# ($ci(n!# &! r!#$+!#a#' ,+ rara v!9 rara v!9 a ,!n+&( ,+ a ,!n+&(. L(# $+na6!# a%(# &!% inv!nari( in&ican niv!%!# !%!va&(# &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% #(cia%. Ta=%a 1 Ta=%a ) 0!&ici(n!# c(n!ni&a# !n !% ICE' NA @ F(r,a 0!&ici(n!# c(n!ni&a# !n !% ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a A=r!via&a ESCALAS
ESCALAS
In!%ig!ncia E,(ci(na% T(a% In!r$!r#(na% Inra$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%!#ré# E#a&(&!Ani,(G!n!ra% I,$r!#i-n $(#iiva Ín&ic! &! inc(n#i#!ncia
In!%ig!ncia E,(ci(na% T(a% In!r$!r#(na% Inra$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%!#ré# I,$r!#i-n$(#iiva
Us's del BarO# ICE& NA E% BarOn ICE' NA ,i&! &iv!r#a# ha=i%i&a&!# c(,$!!ncia# +! c(n#i+!n %a# carac!r"#ica# c!nra%!# &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. P+!&! #!r +#a&( c(,( +n in#r+@ ,!n( r+inari( &! !8$%(raci-n !n &iv!r#(# a,=i!n!# a%!# c(,( !#c+!%a# c%"nica# c!n@ r(# &! a!nci-n 6+v!ni% c(n#+%(ri(# $aric+%ar!#. L(# +#+ari(# $(!ncia%!# $+!&!n #!r $#ic-%(g(# ,é&ic(# ra=a6a&(r!# #(cia%!# c(n#!6!r(# ,a!#r(# !n*!r,!ra# $!r#(na# !#$!cia%i9a&a# !n !% ra=a6( c(n ni(#. E# +n in#r+,!n( Hi% +! =rin&a in*(r,aci-n #(=r! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% #(cia% &! %a $!r#(na. Da&( +! !% BarOn ICE' NA !# +n in#r+,!n( a+(a&,ini#ra&( n( #! r!c(,i!n&a (,ar a $!r#(na# +! n( +i!r!n c(($!rar ( +! n( $+!&an r!#$(n&!r &! ,an!ra h(n!#a a% c+!#i(nari(. N( $+!&! #!r +#a&( c(n ni(# a&(%!#c!n!# +! $r!#!nan a%!raci(n!# !,(ci(na%!# #!v!ra# ( ra#(rn(# &!% &!#arr(%%( in*ani%. Para ni(# ( $ara $!r#(na# +! i!n!n +na $(=r! ha=i%i&a& %!c(ra !% !va%+a&(r &!=! %!!r r!gi#rar %(# "!,# &!% BarOn ICE' NA &! %a *(r,a A=r!via&a.
Cali(iai'#es del usuari' T(&(# %(# +#+ari(# &!% BarOn ICE' NA &!=!n !n!r +na c(,$r!n#i-n c%ara &! %(# $rin@ ci$i(# =á#ic(# %i,iaci(n!# &! %a# $r+!=a# $#ic(%-gica# !#$!cia%,!n! &! %a in!r$r!@ aci-n. L(# +#(# !#$!c"*ic(# &! %a c(n*ia=i%i&a& va%i&!9 #! &i#c+!n !n ca$"+%(# $(#!ri(r!#. La in!r$r!aci-n &!=! #!r r!a%i9a&a $(r $!r#(na# +! !ngan *a,i%iari&a& c(n %a a$%icaci-n &! $r+!=a# $#ic(%-gica#. )
Ad)i#istrai*# + ali(iai*# del BarO# ICE& NA E% BarOn ICE' NA !# &! *áci% a&,ini#raci-n %a ca%i*icaci-n #! $+!&! r!a%i9ar !n *(r,a c(,$+ari9a&a. E% inv!nari( c(,$%!( %%!va &! )2 a /: ,in+(# %a *(r,a a=r!via&a BarOn ICE' NA !n +n i!,$( a$r(8i,a&( &! 1: a 12 ,in+(#. A,=a# *(r,a# !#án &i#!a&a# $ara #!r a&,ini#ra&a# !nr! %(# 3 15 a(#. La *(r,a C(,$%!a &!% inv!nari( c(ni!n! ;: "!,# 5 !#ca%a# %a A=r!via&a c(ni!n! /: "!,# ; !#ca%a#. Da&(# +! %(# *ac(r!# !va%+a&(# $(r !% BarOn ICE' NA ca,=ian a ravé# &!% i!,$( %a# *(r,a# &!=!n #!r a&,ini#ra&a# !n +na #(%a (ca#i-n a+n+! a,=a# $+!&!n #!r a&,ini#ra&a# !n gr+$(. La *(r,a a=r!via&a !# $aric+%ar,!n! ,á# a&!c+a&a !n !va%+a@ ci(n!# gr+$a%!# c+an&( ha %",i!# &! i!,$( ( c+an&( #! $%ani*ica !va%+aci(n!# r!$!i&a#. La in!r$r!aci-n &!% BarOn ICE' NA !#á =a#a&( !n !% aná%i#i# &! %(# "!,# !n %(# $+na6!# !#ca%ar!# $ara %a# &i*!r!n!# !#ca%a# !n %a !#ca%a &! i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva !n !% "n&ic! &! inc(n#i#!ncia. ,ateriales E% BarOn ICE' NA $+!&! #!r a&,ini#ra&( +#an&( !% *(r,a( &! %a $r+!=a =a6( %a *(r,a &! %á$i9 $a$!%. N( #! r!+i!r!n &! c%av!# %a *(r,a c(,$+ari9a&a =rin&a +na ca%i*icaci-n rá$i&a (=6!iva $!r,ii!n&( %a ran#*(r,aci-n &! $+na6!# =r+(# !n $+na6!# &! !#ca%a# n( #i!n&( n!c!#ari( hac!r +#( &! a=%a# n(r,aiva# c(nv!nci(na%!#. L(# ,a!ria%!# +! #! r!+i!r!n #(n' • •
Una c($ia &!% c+!#i(nari( *(r,a C(,$%!a ( A=r!via&aM. Un %á$i9 +n =(rra&(r.
Pr'edi)ie#t' de Ad)i#istrai*# En vi#a &! +! a,=a# *(r,a# #(n #!nci%%a# !% a&,ini#ra&(r n( r!+i!r! &! ,+ch( !nr!na,i!n(. P+!&!n #!r a$%ica&a# $(r a#i#!n!# &! inv!#igaci-n ,a!#r(# #in !,=arg( !% a&,ini#ra&(r &!=! !#ar *a,i%iari9a&( c(n !% Inv!nari( &ar %a# in#r+cci(n!# c%ara,!n! #(%iciar !% c(n#!ni,i!n( &!% !8a,ina&( !viar #!#g( c%ari*icar $r!g+na# +! #+r6an !n %a a&,ini#raci-n c(,+nicar%!# +é !va%Ha $!&ir%!# +! r!#$(n&an a (&( !% inv!nari(. L(# !va%+a&(# &!=!n r!#$(n&!r $(r #" ,i#,(# a %(# "!,# &! %a $r+!=a a&!,á# &+ran! %a a&,ini#raci-n %a# r!#$+!#a# a #+# $r!g+na# n( &!=!n #!r in&+ci&a# $ara !viar #!#g(#. La a$%icaci-n &!% Inv!nari( &!=! r!a%i9ar#! !n +n a,=i!n! ran+i%( #in in!r*!r!ncia#. N( #! r!c(,i!n&a %a a&,ini#raci-n gr+$a% &! $!r#(na# +! i!n!n &i*ic+%a&!# %!c(ra#. E# i,$(ran! c(,+nicar a %(# !8a,ina&(# +! n( ha i!,$( %",i! +! !#cri=an #+ n(,=r! c(,$%!!n %(# &a(# &! %a #!cci-n &!,(grá*ica. En !% c+!#i(nari( #! !nc+!nran %a# in#r+cci(n!# #(%icián&(#! a% !8a,ina&( +! %!a c+i&a&(#a,!n! ca&a
/
(raci-n +! !#c(6a %a r!#$+!#a +! ,!6(r %( %aM &!#cri=a. Para !viar !% #!#g( !% !nga( #! &!=! !n*ai9ar +! n( ha r!#$+!#a# c(rr!ca# ni inc(rr!ca#. D!#&! +n $rinci$i( !# !#!ncia% +! #! c(,$r!n&a %a# in#r+cci(n!#. C(n a+!%%(# ni(# ( a&(%!#c!n!# +! i!n!n &i*ic+%a&!# !n %!c+ra !# n!c!#ari( %!!r%!# %a# in#r+cci(n!# !n v(9 a%a. En ca#( &! +! !% !va%+a&( in#i#a !n n( $(&!r c(,$r!n&!r +na $r!g+na #! %! #(%icia +! r!#$(n&a &! %a ,!6(r *(r,a $(#i=%! +! %+!g( #! c(nv!r#ará c(n é% &!#$+é# +! haa !r,ina&(. La# #ig+i!n!# in#r+cci(n!# a$ar!c!n i,$r!#a# !n %a $ar! #+$!ri(r &!% c+!#i(nari(' Din(# c-,( ! #i!n!# $i!n#a# ( acHa# LA ,A-OR PARTE DEL TIE,PO EN LA ,A-ORÍA DE LUGARES. E%ig! +na #-%( UNA r!#$+!#a $ara ca&a (raci-n c(%(ca +n ASPA #(=r! !% nH,!r( +! c(rr!#$(n&! a + r!#$+!#a. P(r !6!,$%( #i + r!#$+!#a !# Rara v!9 ha9 +n ASPA #(=r! !% nH,!r( ) !n %a ,i#,a %"n!a &! %a (raci-n. E#( n( !# +n !8a,!n n( !8i#!n r!#$+!#a# =+!na# ( ,a%a#. P(r *av(r ha9 +n ASPA !n %a r!#$+!#a &! ca&a (raci-n #!gHn %a #ig+i!n! !#ca%a' 1. ,u+ rara /e0 . Rara /e0 2. A )e#ud' 3. ,u+ a )e#u d'
C+an&( !% !va%+a&( *ina%ic! %a $r+!=a !nr!g+! !% inv!nari( #! &!=! a#!g+rar +! (&(# %(# "!,# haan #i&( c(n!#a&(#. Tra! &! (=!n!r %a# r!#$+!#a# &! a+!%%(# "!,# n( r!#$(n&i&(# ( in&agar #i +vi!r(n &i*ic+%a&!# !n #+ c(,$r!n#i-n. C+an&( %a a&,ini#raci-n !# gr+$a% #! r!+i!r! &! varia# $!r#(na# +! #+$!rvi#!n %a a&,ini#raci-n &!% inv!nari(. ,UESTREO L(# !#+&i(# n(r,aiv(# &! a&a$aci-n #! carac!ri9an $(r $r!#!nar ,+!#ra# %( #+*ici!n!,!n! gran&!#. A%g+n(# a+(r!# c(,( N+nna%% B!rn#!in 1772M #!a%an +! #! &!=! !n!r ha#a 1: v!c!# !% nH,!r( &! "!,# &! %a $r+!=a. En !#! ca#( #! (,- +na ,+!#ra &! //3 !va%+a&(# inicia%,!n! !ran /2/7 $!r( #! !%i,inar(n %(# c+!#i(nari(# r!#$(n&i&(# &! $ri,!r gra&( a+!%%(# +! ha="an (,ii&( !% #!8( %a !&a&M. E% ,é(&( &! ,+!#r!( !,$%!a&( *+! n( $r(=a=i%"#ic( &! i$( in!nci(na% #!gHn %(# cri!ri(# #ig+i!n!#' Cri!ri(# &! inc%+#i-n' @ E&a&!# c(,$r!n&i&a# !nr! %(# 3 15 a(#. Cri!ri(# &! !8c%+#i-n' @ 0á# &! ; (,i#i(n!# !n %a v!r#i-n %arga &! %a $r+!=a. @ Ín&ic! &! Inc(n#i#!ncia ,a(r +! 1:. E% (=6!iv( !ra r!$r!#!nar %a $(=%aci-n &! ni(# a&(%!#c!n!# &! Li,a 0!r($(%iana #!gHn #+ &i#ri=+ci-n $(rc!n+a% &! !&a&!#. Para %(grar %a r!$r!#!naivi&a& #! (,
c(,( r!*!r!ncia %a &i#ri=+ci-n $(rc!n+a% $(r !&a&!# &! Li,a 0!r($(%iana &a&a !n %a 0ar"c+%a !#c(%ar Enc+!#a Naci(na% &! <(gar!# ENA
Gr+$(# 0a#c. F!,!n. T(a% E&a&&! 3 a 7 a(# 5 )7 533 );.: 1:a1)a(# ;15 2/; 112 /.) 1/a12a(# 223 /2 77) )7. 1; a 15 a(# 137 13) /21 1:. T(a% 1:5) 123) //3 1::.:
,uestra %'#derada A% (=#!rvar %a &i#ri=+ci-n &! %(# $(rc!na6!# &! !va%+a&(# &!nr( &! %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& c(n#i&!ra&(# #! c(,$r(=- +! !#(# n( #! c(rr!#$(n&!n c(n %a &i#ri=+ci-n $(rc!n+a% &! %a ENA
!% ca#( +! #! &!#!! !n!r =ar!,(# $ara var(n!# ,+6!r!# a% in!ri(r &! (&(# %(# gr+$(# &! !&a&. E% ;.5 &! %a ,+!#ra !#á c(n#i+i&a $(r ,+6!r!# !% 2/.) #(n var(n!#. L(# a%+,n(# *+!r(n !va%+a&(# !n #+# r!#$!civa# in#i+ci(n!# !#c(%ar!#. La &i#ri=+ci-n &! %a ,+!#ra $(r gra&( g!#i-n !&+caiva #! $+!&! (=#!rvar !n %a a=%a ;. Ta=%a 2 Ta=%a ; Di#ri=+ci-n &! %a ,+!#ra *ina% $(n&!ra&a $(r Di#ri=+ci-n &! %a ,+!#ra #!gHn gra&( 1 #!8( gr+$(# &! !&a&. g!#i-n. Gr+$(# &! !&a& ?ar-n 0+6!r T(a% Gra&(# E#aa% )° $ri,aria 1:: 3a 7 a(# 2;1 2/3 1:75 /).2/ /° $ri,aria 133 1:a1)a(# 2; 57 1:2/ /1.): ° $ri,aria )/2 1/a12a(# 55 /51 5;7 )2.32 2° $ri,aria 1) 1; a 15 a(# 151 13 /22 1:.2) ;° $ri,aria /1; 1° #!c+n&aria )55 T(a% 137 1251 //32 1::.:: )° #!c+n&aria 1;2 1 /° #!c+n&aria 1// $(n&!ra&a =a#án&(#! !n %a &i#ri=+ci-n &! !&a&!# ° #!c+n&aria )1: !n ENA
;
Paric+%ar T(a% )2: /2: )2: )3 ))3 ;) 152 /)3 15/ 77 1)3 12 2/ )15 1)1 )2 2: );: 31 1;) 1213 //3
CAPÍTULO INTERPRETACIÓN - USO La !#ra!gia &! aná%i#i# !,$i!9a c(n +n ,+!#r!( &! %a# r!#$+!#a# a niv!% &! %(# "!,# &i#c+! %a in!r$r!aci-n &! %a !#ca%a# in&ivi&+a%!# !8a,ina !% $ar-n g!n!ra% &! %a# $+n+aci(n!# !#ca%ar!#. I#ter%retai*# del BarO# ICE& NA An!# &! +! !% BarOn ICE' NA $+!&a #!r in!r$r!a&( !# r!+i#i( *+n&a,!na% c(n#i&!rar %(# *ac(r!# +! $+!&!n !n!r !*!c(# $!r6+&icia%!# #(=r! %a va%i&!9 &! %(# r!#+%a&(#. L(# $+na6!# !#án #+6!(# a &iv!r#a# c(n#i&!raci(n!# $(#i=%!# a%g+n(# in&ivi&+(# i!n&!n a #(=r!#i,ar #+# &!#r!9a# ha=i%i&a&!# c(n !% $r($-#i( &! $r!#!nar +na !va%+aci-n *av(ra=%! &! #" ,i#,(. L(# ni(# ,+ $!+!(# $(r !6!,$%( i!n&!n a n( in*(r,ar c+a%i&a&!# n!gaiva# !n c(,$araci-n c(n %(# ,a(r!# B!ich,an 177;M La# &i*!r!ncia# c+%+ra%!# &! #!8( a,=ién $+!&!n in*%+ir !n !% a+(rr!$(r!. A#" !# ,+ i,$(ran! $r!g+nar =a6( +é circ+n#ancia# !% !va%+a&( r!#$(n&i- a% c+!#i(nari( a,=ién $r!g+nar &ir!ca,!n! #i +v( &i*ic+%a&!# $ara c(,$r!n&!r $r!g+na# $aric+%ar!#. $r(=an&( E# c(nv!ni!n! !8a,inar #i %(# r!#+%a&(# #(n ( n( #(n r!$r!#!naci(n!# vá%i&a# &!% *+nci(na,i!n( !,(ci(na% #(cia% ac+a% &!% A%g( i,$(ran! +! (c+rrir c(nci!rn! a %a va%i&!9 !# %a $(#i=i%i&a& &!&ar r!#$+!#a# &!in&ivi&+(. ,an!ra *(r+ia %( +! $+!&! c+an&( %(# in&ivi&+(# #! !nc+!nran $(=r!,!n! ,(iva&(# ( c+an&( %(# $aci!n!# c(,$%!an !% inv!nari( a% a9ar. E% "n&ic! &! %a inc(n#i#!ncia !# +n =+!n in&ica&(r &! %a# r!#$+!#a# a% a9ar. La# r!#$+!#a# &! %a# $!r#(na# ( &! %(# in&ivi&+(# c(n $+n+aci(n!# $(r !nci,a &! 1: !n !% "n&ic! &! inc(n#i#!ncia &!=!n #!r !8a,ina&(# c+i&a&(#a,!n!. En %a %i!ra+ra &!% &!#arr(%%( &!% !# #! han i&!ni*ica&( &(# r!#$+!#a# "$ica# &!#via&a#' !% *ingir !#ar ,+ =i!n *ingir#! ,a%. E% *ingir#! ,a% (c+rr! c+an&( !% in&ivi&+( in!na $r!#!nar#! a #" ,i#,( &! ,(&( %ig!ra,!n! n!gaiv(. E#( #! $+!&! !nc(nrar !n a,=i!n!# c%"nic(# c(n $aci!n!# +! &!#!an !n!r +na c(n#i&!raci-n !#$!cia%. L(# $+na6!# !#ca%ar!# !8r!,a&a,!n! =a6(# in&+c!n #(#$!cha !#$!cia%@ ,!n! %(# $+na6!# !#ca%ar!# $(r &!=a6( &! 3:. E% *ingir !#ar ,+ =i!n ( &!#!a=i%i&a& #(cia% !# +n $r(=%!,a ,+ *r!c+!n! !n %a ,!&ici-n $#ic(,érica. L(# !8a,ina&(# #! $r!#!nan a#" ,i#,(# &! +na ,an!ra ,+ $(#iiva !n,a#caran #+ r!#$+!#a a %(# "!,# &!% !# !n %( +! !%%(# c(n#i&!ran +na &ir!cci-n *av(ra=%!. Para !viar %( $(#i=%! !#! r!#$+!#a #! %!# &!=! a#!g+rar #(=r! %a c(n*i&!ncia%i&a& &! #+#!nr!#$+!#a# an!#i$( &! &! !,$!9ar !% Inv!nari(. La !#ca%a &! i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva IPM !#á &i#!a&a $ara &!!car a a+!%%a# $!r#(na# +! +i!r!n &ar +na i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva !8ag!ra&a &! #" ,i#,(#. L(# $+na6!# IP +! #! !nc+!nran ) &!#viaci(n!# !#án&ar $(r !nci,a &! %a ,!&ia 1/: ,á#M #(n *+!r!# in&ica&(r!# &! r!#$+!#a# a%a,!n! $(#iiva# #in !,=arg( %(# $+na6!# !%!va&(# !n !#a !#ca%a a,=ién $+!&!n in&icar &!#!#$!ran9a ( *a%a &! a+(c(,$r!n#i-n an!# +! +n in!n( &! &ar +na i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva. C+an&( #! in!r$r!an %(# r!#+%a&(# a,=ién #! 3
&!=! c(n#i&!rar $(r +é !% !8a,ina&( raa &! &ar +na i,$r!#i-n !8ag!ra&a,!n! $(#iiva &! #" ,i#,(. I#ter%reta#d' las res%uestas a l's $te)s E% $ri,!r $a#( a% in!r$r!ar %(# r!#+%a&(# !# !8a,inar %a# r!#$+!#a# a %(# "!,# in&ivi&+a%!#. C+an&( #! ana%i9a %a# ca!g(r"a# &! r!#$+!#a# ,+ rara v!9 ( ,+ a ,!n+&( !n %a *(r,a C(,$%!a &! %a $r+!=a %a *(r,a A=r!via&a +#a +n $ara*ra#!( %ig!ra,!n! &i*!r!n!M #! $+!&! (=#!rvar +é i$(# &! ha=i%i&a&!# c(,$!!ncia# #(n $r(=%!,áica# $ara %a!# $!r#(na ( !n!va%+ar +é ár!a# &!n(a &i*ic+%a&!#. C+an&(&!#!r!#$+!#a#. !8a,inan %(# "!,# in&ivi&+a%!# i,$(ran! %a c(n#i#!ncia !n %(# $ar(n!# I#ter%retai*# de l's %u#ta4es esalares La in!r$r!aci-n &! %(# r!#+%a&(# &!% BarOn ICE' NA r!+i!r! &!% +#+ari( +na c(,$r!n#i-n g!n!ra% &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. C+an&( !#( (c+rr! %(# r!#+%a&(# (=!ni&(# #(n *áci%!# &! in!r$r!ar. P(r !6!,$%( +n in&ivi&+( c(n +na $+n+aci-n !#ca%ar $(r &!=a6( &! 5: !n !% CE (a% &!,+!#ra +na ca$aci&a& $(c( &!#arr(%%a&a &! %a c(n&+ca !,(ci(na% #(cia% $!r( c(n $r(=a=i%i&a&!# &! ,!6(rar. C+an&( #! +#a %a !#ra!gia $#ic(,érica !# i,$(ran! r!c(r&ar +! %a# n(r,a# &! %a# $r+!=a# r!$r!#!nan %a !6!c+ci-n !n !% !# &! %a ,+!#ra &! i$i*icaci-n !# &!cir &!% gr+$( n(r,aiv( &! r!*!r!ncia. Pr($(rci(nan +n !#án&ar &! c(,$araci-n $ara c+a%+i!r $+na6! =r+( a%can9a&( !n !% !#. In&ica %a $(#ici-n r!%aiva &!% #+6!( r!#$!c( a% gr+$( n(r,aiv( $!r,ii!n&( +na in!r$r!aci-n #igni*icaiva &! #+ r!n&i,i!n( c(n r!%aci-n a (r(#. Para !% BarOn ICE' NA %a# c(,$araci(n!# n(r,aiva# #! $r!#!nan $(r #!8( !&a& g!#i-n. U#an&( %(# $+na6!# !#ca%ar!# %(# $+na6!# a%(# r!$r!#!nan niv!%!# ,á# !%!va&(# &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% %(# $+na6!# =a6(# r!$r!#!nan niv!%!# ,á# =a6(# &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. L(# $+na6!# !#án&ar!# $!r,i!n a% +#+ari( &!% !# c(,$arar &ir!ca,!n! %(# $+na6!# &! +na !#ca%a c(n %(# $+na6!# &! (ra# !#ca%a#. Ta%!# c(,$araci(n!# #-%( #(n $(#i=%!# #i %(# $+na6!# =r+(# #(n ran#*(r,a&(# a $+n+aci(n!# !#ca%ar!# &a&( +! !% nH,!r( &! "!,# var"a !n %a# &i*!r!n!# !#ca%a#. An!# &! %a ran#*(r,aci-n a $+na6!# !#ca%ar!# !% rang( &! $+na6!# $(#i=%!# $ara %a# &iv!r#a# !#ca%a# !# &i*!r!n!. L(# $+na6!# !#án&ar &!% BarOn ICE' NA i!n!n +na ,!&ia &! 1:: +na &!#viaci-n !#án&ar &! 12. S! &!=! &!#acar +! %(# $+na6!# !#án&ar!# +#a&(# #(n $+n+aci(n!# !#án&ar!# %in!a%!#. La# $+n+aci(n!# !#án&ar!# %in!a%!# n( ran#*(r,an %a &i#ri=+ci-n ac+a% &! %a# varia=%!# !n ningHn #!ni&( &! a%%" +! ca&a varia=%! haa #i&( c(nv!ri&a a +na ,!&ia &! 1:: a +na &!#viaci-n !#án&ar &! 12 %a &i#ri=+ci-n &! %(# $+na6!# !#ca%ar!# n( ca,=ia. La# varia=%!# +! n( !#án n(r,a%,!n! &i#ri=+i&a# !n %(# $+na6!# =r+(# c(nin+arán &i#ri=+i&(# &! ,an!ra n( n(r,a% &!#$+é# &! %a ran#*(r,aci-n. Ta=%a 3 Pa+a# $ara in!r$r!ar %(# $+na6!# !#án&ar!# &!% BarOn ICE' NA Ra#g's PautasdeI#ter%retai*# 1/: ,á# Ca$aci&a& !,(ci(na% #(cia% a"$ica. E8c!%!n!,!n! &!#arr(%%a&a. 1): a 1)7 Ca$aci&a& !,(ci(na% #(cia% ,+ a%a. 0+ =i!n &!#arr(%%a&a. 11: a 117 Ca$aci&a& !,(ci(na% #(cia% a%a. Bi!n &!#arr(%%a&a. 7: a 1:7 Ca$aci&a& !,(ci(na% #(cia% a&!c+a&a. Pr(,!&i(. 5: a 57 Ca$aci&a& !,(ci(na% #(cia% =a6a. 0a% &!#arr(%%a&a. N!c!#ia ,!6(rar#!. 3: a 37 Ca$aci&a& !,(ci(na% #(cia% ,+ =a6a. N!c!#ia ,!6(rar#! c(n#i&!ra=%!,!n!. ;7 ,!n(# Ca$aci&a& !,(ci(na% #(cia% a"$ica &!*ici!n!. Niv!% &! &!#arr(%%( ,arca&a,!n! =a6(.
5
L(# $+na6!# !#án&ar!# $+!&!n #!r in!r$r!a&(# +#an&( %a a=%a 3. E#a g+"a g!n!ra% &!#cri=! c-,( %(# $+na6!# &! +n in&ivi&+( #! c(,$aran c(n a+!%%(# ni(# a&(%!#c!n!# &!% ,i#,( rang( &! !&a& #!8( ( g!#i-n $ara %a ,+!#ra n(r,aiva. N(! #in !,=arg( +! !#a# #(n #+g!r!ncia# g!n!ra%!#. N( ha +na ra9-n $ara cr!!r +! ha &i*!r!ncia# #igni*icaiva#. P(r !6!,$%( !nr! +n $+na6! !#án&ar 117 &! 1):. N( +#! !#a g+"a c(,( r!g%a a=#(%+a. I#ter%retai*# de l's %atr'#es del %er(il C+an&( #! in!r$r!an %(# $+na6!# &!% BarOn ICE' NA #! &!=! !8a,inar %(# $ar(n!# &! %(# $+na6!# !#ca%ar!# %+!g( !8a,inar ca&a n( $+na6! !#ca%ar. C+an&( ningHn $+na6! &! !#ca%a !#á $(r &!=a6(!#$!c"*ica,!n! &! 7: %(# r!#+%a&(# #(n in&ica&(r!# &! niv!%!# $r(=%!,áic(# &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. C+an( ,a(r nH,!r( &! $+na6!# !#ca%ar!# !#án $(r &!=a6( &! 7: !# ,á# a%a %a $r(=a=i%i&a& +! %(# r!#+%a&(# in&i+!n +n $r(=%!,a &! ,(&!ra&( a #!v!r( ( &!*ici!ncia#. U#a Gu$a %as' a %as' %ara i#ter%retar el BarO# ICE& NA S! &!a%%a a c(nin+aci-n +na g+"a +! $!r,i! in!r$r!ar %(# r!#+%a&(# &! ,(&( &!a%%a&(. Pas' 1& E5a)i#a#d' la /alide0 S(n c(n#i&!raci(n!# i,$(ran!# !n %a in!r$r!aci-n &! %(# r!#+%a&(# %a ,(ivaci-n &!% in&ivi&+( $ara c(,$%!ar !% inv!nari( !% a,=i!n! !n !% +! *+! a&,ini#ra&( !% $r($-#i( %a ra9-n $ara %a c+a% %(# r!#+%a&(# #!rán +#a&(# La in#$!cci-n &!% Ín&ic! Inc(n#i#!ncia =rin&a +nain&ican !#i,aci-n &! c+án c(n#i#!n! *+!r(n %a# r!#$+!#a#. L(#&!$+na6!# $(r !nci,a &! 1: r!#$+!#a# a% a9ar. Or( a#+n( +! n!c!#ia #!r c(n#i&!ra&( !# !% &!#!( &! *ingir#! !#ar ,+ =i!n !8$r!#a&a !n %a E#ca%a &! I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva an( !n %a *(r,a C(,$%!a c(,( !n %a A=r!via&a !# &!cir %(# r!#+%a&(# $ara %a# $!r#(na# c(n $+na6!# &! !#ca%a $(r !nci,a &! 1): !n !#a ,!&i&a &!=!r"an #!r in!r$r!a&a# c+i&a&(#a,!n!. S! ha r!a%i9a&( +n a6+#! &! %a# ,!&ia# $(r #!8( $ara %a# &iv!r#a# !#ca%a# +! a$ar!c!n !n !% BarOn ICE' NA. E#a# ,!&ia# a6+#a&a# *+!r(n ca%c+%a&a# $(r gr+$( &! !&a&!# #!8( ,!&ian! +n aná%i#i# &! varian9a ANCO?AM =a#án&(#! !n %a ,+!#ra (a% n(r,aiva +! +#- %(# $+na6!# &! I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva c(,( +na c(varia=%!. E#a# ,!&ia# a6+#a&a# =rin&an a% +#+ari( &! %a $r+!=a +na !#i,aci-n &!% $+na6! &!% !va%+a&( #in %a in*%+!ncia &! #+ in!n( &! &ar +na i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva. E% +#+ari( &!% !# $+!&! gra*icar %(# $+na6!# a#" a6+#a&(# !n !% *(r,a( &!% $!r*i% &!% $r(=an&(. E#! aná%i#i# &! c(varian9a n( ha #i&( +i%i9a&( $ara (=!n!r +n a6+#! &! %a# $+n+aci(n!# !#ca%ar!# &! I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva ! Ín&ic! &! Inc(n#i#!ncia. Pas' & E/alua#d' el #i/el de estad' de 6#i)' atual E% niv!% &!% !#a&( &! áni,( g!n!ra% &!% !8a,ina&( !# (r( *ac(r +! &!=! (,ar#! !n c+!na c+an&( #! !va%Ha !% v!r&a&!r( niv!% &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% &! %a $!r#(na a +! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% !% !#a&( &! áni,( g!n!ra% !#án c(rr!%aci(na&(# #igni*icaiva,!n! a=%a# /2 /3M. L(# in&ivi&+(# c(n a%( niv!% &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% *r!c+!n!,!n! #(n ,á# ($i,i#a# ,!n(# &i#*-ric(#M +! %(# in&ivi&+(# c(n niv!%!# ,a# =a6(#. C(nraria,!n! %(# in&ivi&+(# +! #(n ,a# $!#i,i#a# V( &i#*-ric(# ( 7
&!$ri,i&(#M #! ca%i*ican a#" ,i#,(# &! ,an!ra ,á# =a6a c(n r!#$!c( a %a# &iv!r#a# ha=i%i&a&!# +! a=arcan %(# "!,#. A#" %(# $+na6!# &! !#(# in&ivi&+(# $+!&!n n( r!*%!6ar #+ v!r&a&!r( niv!% &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. L(# in&ivi&+(# c(n $+na6! &! !#ca%a $(r &!=a6( &! 5: !n %a ,!&ici-n &! !#a&( &! áni,( g!n!ra% &!=! #!r in!r$r!a&( c(n ca+!%a. Pas' 2& E/alua#d' el #i/el ge#eral de i#telige#ia e)'i'#al E% CE (a% &! %a !#ca%a !# +na ,!&i&a &! niv!% g!n!ra% &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. Una &!#cri$ci-n &! !#a !#ca%a c(n6+na,!n! c(n %a# (ra# !#ca%a# #! $r!#!na !n %a a=%a 5 +! #irv! &! g+"a $ara in!r$r!ar %(# $+na6!# !#án&ar!#. La# &!#cri$ci(n!# &! !#a# !#ca%a# #irv!n &! =a#! $ara %a c(,$r!n#i-n ! in!r$r!aci-n &! %(# $+na6!# &!% BarOn ICE' NA *(r,a C(,$%!a A=r!via&aM. L(# $+na6!# !#án&ar!# $(r !nci,a &! 11: i&!ni*ican a %a# $!r#(na# c(n niv!%!# #+$!ri(r!# a% $r(,!&i( &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. P(r !% c(nrari( %(# $+na6!# &! !#ca%a in*!ri(r!# a 7: i&!ni*ican %(# in&ivi&+(# c(n niv!%!# $(r &!=a6( &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. Ta=%a 5 D!#cri$ci(n!# &! %a !#ca%a BarOn ICE' NA
Esalas E#ca%a Inra$!r#(na%
Carater$stias de las %ers'#as '# alt's %u#ta4es C(,$r!n&!n #+# !,(ci(n!#. S(n ca$ac!# &! !8$r!#ar c(,+nicar #+# #!ni,i!n(# n!c!#i&a&!#.
E#ca%a In!r$!r#(na%
0ani!n!n r!%aci(n!# in!r$!r#(na%!# #ai#*ac(ria#. Sa=!n !#c+char #(n ca$ac!# &! c(,$r!n&!r a$r!ciar %(# #!ni,i!n(# &! %(# &!,á#.
E#ca%a &! A&a$a=i%i&a&
S(n *%!8i=%!# r!a%i#a# !*!c iva# !n !% ,an!6( &! %(# ca,=i(#. S(n =+!na# !n ha%%ar ,(&(# $(#iiv(# &! !n*r!nar %(# $r(=%!,a# c(i&ian(#.
E#ca%a &! 0an!6( &!% E#ré#
G!n!ra%,!n! #(n ca%,a&a# ra=a6an =i!n =a6( $r!#i-n rara v!9 i,$+%#iva# $+!&!n r!#$(n&!r +#+a%,!n! a !v!n(# !#r!#an!# #in +n !#a%%i&( !,(ci(na%.
CE T(a%
G!n!ra%,!n! !*!civa# !n !n*r!nar %a# &!,an&a# &iaria#. S(n $aric+%ar,!n! *!%ic!#.
E#ca%a &! E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra%
O$i,i#a# i!n!n +na a$r!ciaci-n $(#iiva #(=r! %a# c(#a# ( !v!n(# !# $aric+%ar,!n! $%ac!n!r( !#ar c(n !%%a#.
E#ca%a &! I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva Ín&ic! &! Inc(n#i#!ncia
In!nan cr!ar +na i,$r!#i-n !8c!#iva,!n! $(#iiva &! #i ,i#,a. E8i#!n c(n#i&!ra=%!# inc(n#i#!ncia# !n !% ,(&( !n +! %a# $!r#(na# r!#$(n&!n a "!, #i,i%ar!#. P+!&!n n( ha=!r c(,$r!n&i&( %a# in#r+cci(n!# ( r!#$(n&i&( &! +n ,(&( a% a9ar ( #in c+i&a&(.
Pas' 3& E/alua#d' el %atr*# de las di)e#si'#es de i#telige#ia e)'i'#al. Una v!9 +! !% a&,ini#ra&(r &! %a $r+!=a i!n! +n c+a&r( g!n!ra% &!% niv!% &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% &! %a $!r#(na !# ac(n#!6a=%! !8a,inar %a# $rinci$a%!# carac!r"#ica# &! %a# !#ca%a#. 0i!nra# +! !% $+na6! CE T(a% =rin&a +na in&icaci-n g!n!ra% &! c+an in!%ig!n! !# !% ni( ( a&(%!#c!n! !,(ci(na% #(cia%,!n! +n( $+!&! #!a%ar *+!r9a# &!=i%i&a&!# !#$!c"*ica# +! n!c!#ian #!r !8$%(ra&a# +i9á# ana%i9a&a# ,á# a&!%an!M !8a,inan&( 1
%(# $+na6!# &! ca&a !#ca%a in&ivi&+a%. L(# $+na6!# c(n +na &!#viaci-n !#án&ar ( ,á# $(r !nci,a &! %a ,!&ia #+gi!r!n ha=i%i&a&!# !,(ci(na%!# ( #(cia%!# +! !#án #igni*icaiva,!n! =i!n &!#arr(%%a&a#. L(# $+na6!# c(n +na &!#viaci-n !#án&ar $(r &!=a6( &! %a ,!&ia in&ican +na *a%a #igni*icaiva &! %a ha=i%i&a& !#$!c"*ica +! !# !va%+a&a. La i&!ni*icaci-n &! %(# $+na6!# ,á# =a6(# $!r,i!n #!a%ar %a# ár!a# +! n!c!#ian ,!6(rar. Pas' 7& C')%ara#d' l's resultad's del BarO# ICE& NA '# !alla0g's de (ue#tes adii'#ales de i#('r)ai*# C(n %a *ina%i&a& &! !,$%!ar v!ri*icar ,é(&(# %a in*(r,aci-n (=!ni&a c(n !% BarOn ICE' NA %(# !8a,ina&(r!# &!=!n a&ici(na%!# &! !va%+aci-n r!vi#ar ha%%a9g(# &! *+!n!# &! in*(r,aci-n c(%a!ra% c+an&( !# $(#i=%! $(r !6!,$%( r!gi#r(# aca&é,ic(# !nr!vi#a# (=#!rvaci(n!# c(n&+c+a%!# $r+!=a# $#ic(%-gica#M !#(# &a(# #+$%!@ ,!nari(# #(n !#$!cia%,!n! i,$(ran!# c+an&( #! hac!n &!ci#i(n!# &! na+ra%!9a c%"nica V( !&+caci(na%. C+an&( !#(# ha%%a9g(# a&ici(na%!# #(n c(,$ara=%!# c(n %(# r!#+%a&(# &!% BarOn ICE' NA r!#+%an +n r!#+,!n ,á# c(,$r!n#iv( #igni*icaiv(. Pas' 8& Resu)ie#d' l's !alla0g's + !aie#d' re')e#dai'#es %ara )e4'rar las !abilidades e)'i'#ales + s'iales. E% *(r,a( &! %a# #!#i(n!# &! r!r(a%i,!naci-n $+!&! variar c(n#i&!ra=%!,!n! &!$!n@ &i!n&( &!% a,=i!n! !n +! #! !,$%!a !% BarOn ICE' NA. L(# in*(r,!# %a# #!#i(n!# &! r!r(a%i,!naci-n $+!&!n #!r &! na+ra%!9a in&ivi&+a% ( gr+$a% (,an&( !n c+!na !% c(n#!ni,i!n( &! %a# $!r#(na# a+n+! #! r!c(n(c! +! !n a%g+na# circ+n#ancia# #!rá i,$(#i=%! =rin&ar !#a r!r(a%i,!naci-n. En !% in*(r,! *ina% %a !,(ci(na% #!#i-n &! r!r(a%i,!naci-n +na &i#c+#i-n niv!% g!n!ra% &! in!%ig!ncia &!% !va%+a&( &! &!=!r"a %a# ár!a#inc%+ir #igni*icaiva# &! #+#&!% *+!r9a# &!=i%i&a&!#. D!=! *(r,+%ar#! hi$-!#i# c(nc!rni!n!# a% #igni*ica&( &! %a# &i,!n#i(n!# a%a# =a6a# &! r!#+%a&(# in&ivi&+a%!# $(r gr+$(. E#! r!#+,!n a,=ién &!=! inc%+ir ár!a# +! n!c!#ian #!r !8$%(ra&a# $(#!ri(r,!n! a+!%%(# #ign(# +! !vi&!nci!n a%( ri!#g( a&!,á# &!% !#a=%!ci,i!n( &! +n $r(n-#ic( %a# r!c(,!n&aci(n!# r!*!ri&a# a %a# ha=i%i&a&!# !,(ci(na%!# ,á# &é=i%!#. Una !8$%(raci-n v!ri*icaci-n ,a# $r(*+n&a $+!&! inc%+ir %(# r!gi#r(# ,é&ic(# !nr!vi#a# &!a%%a&a# V( %a a$%icaci-n &! $r+!=a# $#ic(%-gica# a&ici(na%!#. D!nr( &!% c(n!8( &! in!r$r!aci-n &! %(# r!#+%a&(# &!% BarOn ICE' NA !% !#a=%!@ ci,i!n( &! +n $r(n-#ic( !# +na $r!&icci-n c(nc!rni!n! a %a ha=i%i&a& *++ra &!% !va%+a&( &! *+nci(nar !n*r!nar %a# &!,an&a# &!% ,!&i( a,=i!n!. E#! !#a=%!ci,i!n( &!=! a,=ién inc%+i r +na $r!&icci-n c+i&a&(#a #(=r! %a ha=i%i&a& &!% !va%+a&( $ara !n*r!nar %a# !n#i(n!# ,an!n!r +n =i!n!#ar !,(ci(na% !n !% *++r( in,!&ia(. Ba#án&(#! !n %a na+ra%!9a !% niv!% &! %(# c(,$(n!n!# ,a# &é=i%!# !% +! a$%ica !% inv!nari( in&icar a#" !n !% in*(r,! !n %a# #!#i(n!# +é ár!a# n!c!#ian &!=!r"a #!r ,!6(ra&a# c(,( %(# ,é(&(# $(#i=%!# &! +!r!r(a%i,!naci-n $+!&an #!r +i%i9a&(# $ara in!nar %(grar +na ,!6(r"a. Pas' 9& Ree/alua#d' %ara deter)i#ar su %r'gres' ua#d' sea %'sible. E% v(%v!r a !va%+ar !# +n ,é(&( ci!n"*ic( $ara !8a,inar %(# ca,=i(# +! (c+rr!n !n %a# ha=i%i&a&!# !,(ci(na%!# #(cia%!# a ravé# &!% i!,$(. E% c(,$arar %(# r!#+%a&(# &! %a $ri,!ra !va%+aci-n c(n %a# #ig+i!n!# $+!&!n =rin&ar +na ,!&ici-n !8aca &! %a 11
na+ra%!9a !% gra&( !n +! %(# ca,=i(# haan (c+rri&(. E% r!#+%a&( &!% r!!# $+!&! a#" in&icar +na n!c!#i&a& &! in!rv!nci-n a&ici(na%. I#ter/e#i'#es %ara )e4'rar las !abilidades e)'i'#ales + s'iales. L(# $+na6!# =a6(# !n !% BarOn ICE' NA #+gi!r!n %a n!c!#i&a& &! ,!6(rar !n ci!ra# ár!a# !% &i#!ar in!rv!nci(n!# $ara &!#arr(%%ar c(,$!!ncia# ha=i%i&a&!# !#$!c"*ica#. La in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% %a# ha=i%i&a&!# r!%aci(na&a# $+!&!n &!#arr(%%ar#! a ravé# &! +n !nr!na,i!n( $r(gra,a# r!,!&iaiv(# c(n in!rv!nci(n!# !ra$é+ica# Bar@On W ParQ!r ):::M. Una *+!n! $ri,aria $ara !nr!nar !n#!ar ha=i%i&a&!# !,(ci(na%!# !#$!c"*ica# &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% !# +n $r(gra,a c(,$+ari9a&( %%a,a&(
1
CAPÍTULO 2 ,EDICIÓN DE LA I NTELIGENCIA E,OCIONAL EN NI:OS - ADOLESCENTES E% c(nc!$( &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% ha ca$a&( +n in!ré# c(n#i&!ra=%! &!=i&( a #+ $($+%ari9aci-n !n &iv!r#(# %i=r(# c(,( !% &! G(%!,an 177;M ar"c+%(# +! han a$ar!ci&( !n %a $r!n#a &! ,an!ra ar&"a. En %a %i!ra+ra ci!n"*ica #in !,=arg( %(# c(,$(n!n!# =á#ic(# &! !#! c(n#r+c( *+!r(n !%a=(ra&(# hac! ,á# &! +na &éca&a Bar@On 1755 Gar&n!r 175/ Sa%(v! W 0a!r 1757@7:M c(n $r!c+r#(r!# &!#&! inici(# &!% #ig%( Bar@On W ParQ!r ):::M. En %a# $ri,!ra# c(nri=+ci(n!# !-rica# Sa%(v! W 0a!r 1757@177:M &!*ini!r(n %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% c(,( %a ha=i%i&a& $ara ,(ni(r!ar n+!#ra# $r($i(# #!ni,i!n(# !,(ci(n!# %a &! %(# &!,á# $ara &i#cri,inar !nr! !%%a# +#ar !#a in*(r,aci-n $ara g+iar n+!#r(# $!n#a,i!n(# acci(n!#. R!ci!n!,!n! 0a!r W Sa%(v! 1773M $r($+#i!r(n +na r!vi#i-n &! !#a &!*inici-n !n*ai9an&( c+ar( c(,$(n!n!# $ri,ari(# &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%' %a $!rc!$ci-n !va%+aci-n !8$r!#i-n &! %a !,(ci-n %a *aci%iaci-n !,(ci(na% &!% $!n#a,i!n( %a c(,$r!n#i-n aná%i#i# !% !,$%!( &!% c(n(ci,i!n( !,(ci(na% !% c(nr(% &! %a# !,(ci(n!# $ara $r(,(v!r !% cr!ci,i!n( !,(ci(na% ! in!%!c+a%. Un ,(&!%( r!%aci(na&( *+! !,$"rica,!n! &!#arr(%%a&( $(r Bar@On 1755 1773M !#an&ari9a&( $(r Ugarri9a )::/ )&a. E&.M !#! ,(&!%( !# $aric+%ar,!n! in!r!#an! $(r+! *(r,a %a =a#! !-rica &!% inv!nari( &! c(ci!n! !,(ci(na% &! BarOn E@i Bar@ On 1773M +! !# %a ,!&ici-n &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% ,á# a,$%ia,!n! +i%i9a&a !n a&+%(# +! ha #!rvi&( &! =a#! $ara !% &!#arr(%%( &!% BarOn ICE' NA. El )'del' de i#telige#ia del Bar;O# D! ac+!r&( a% ,(&!%( &! Bar@On 1733M %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% !# &!*ini&a c(,( +n c(n6+n( &! ha=i%i&a&!# !,(ci(na%!# $!r#(na%!# ! in!r$!r#(na%!# +! in*%+!n !n n+!#ra ha=i%i&a& g!n!ra% $ara a*r(nar %a# &!,an&a# $r!#i(n!# &!% ,!&i( a,=i!n!. C(,( a% n+!#ra in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% !# +n *ac(r i,$(ran! !n %a &!!r,inaci-n &! n+!#ra ha=i%i&a& $ara !n!r é8i( !n %a vi&a. Dir!ca,!n! in*%+! !n n+!#r( =i!n!#ar !,(ci(na% g!n!ra%. D! ac+!r&( a !#! ,(&!%(' La# $!r#(na# !,(ci(na%,!n! in!%ig!n!# #(n ca$ac!# &! r!c(n(c!r !8$r!#ar #+# !,(ci(n!# c(,$r!n&!r#! a #" ,i#,(# ac+a%i9ar #+# ca$aci&a&!# $(!ncia%!# %%!var +na vi&a r!g+%ar,!n! #a%+&a=%! *!%i9. S(n ca$ac!# &! c(,$r!n&!r %a ,an!ra c(,( %a# (ra# $!r#(na# #! #i!n!n &! !n!r ,an!n!r r!%aci(n!# in!r$!r#(na%!# #ai#*ac(ria# r!#$(n#a=%!# #in %%!gar a #!r &!$!n&i!n!# &! %(# &!,á#. S(n g!n!ra%,!n! ($i,i#a# *%!8i=%!# r!a%i#a# i!n!n é8i( !n r!#(%v!r #+# $r(=%!,a# a*r(nar !% !#ré# #in $!r&!r !% c(nr(% Bar@On 1773M.
A#" &! ac+!r&( a% ,(&!%( g!n!ra% &!% Bar@On %a in!%ig!ncia g!n!ra% !#á c(,$+!#a an( &! %a in!%ig!ncia c(gniiva !va%+a&a $(r !% CI c(!*ici!n! in!%!c+a%M %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% !va%+a&a $(r !% CE c(!*ici!n! !,(ci(na%M. La# $!r#(na# #a%+&a=%!# +! *+nci(nan =i!n #(n !8i(#a# $(#!!n +n gra&( #+*ici!n! &! in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. La in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% #! &!#arr(%%a a ravé# &!% i!,$( ca,=ia a ravé# &! %a vi&a $+!&! #!r ,!6(ra&a c(n !nr!na,i!n( $r(gra,a# r!,!&iaiv(# c(,( a,=ién $(r in!rv!nci(n!# !ra$é+ica#. La in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% #! c(,=ina c(n (r(# &!!r,i@ nan!# i,$(ran!# &! n+!#ra ha=i%i&a& $ara !n!r é8i( !n a&a$ar#! a %a# &!,an&a# &!% ,!&i( a,=i!n! a%!# c(,( %a# carac!r"#ica# =á#ica# &! %a $!r#(na%i&a& %a ca$aci&a& 1
in!%!c+a% c(gniiva. E% ,(&!%( &! Bar@On !# ,+%i*ac(ria% #! r!%aci(na c(n !% $(!ncia% $ara !% r!n&i,i!n( an!# +! c(n !% r!n&i,i!n( !n #" ,i#,( $(r !6!,$%( !% $(!ncia% $ara !n!r é8i( an!# +! c(n !% é8i( !n #" ,i#,(M !# +n ,(&!%( (ri!na&( !n !% $r(c!#( an!# +! +n ,(&!%( (ri!na&( hacia %(# %(gr(#. E% ,(&!%( &! Bar@On c(,$r!n&! cinc( c(,$(n!n!# $rinci$a%!#' inra$!r#(na% in!r$!r#(na% a&a$a=i%i&a& ,an!6( &!% !#ré# !#a&( &! áni,( g!n!ra%. A #+ v!9 ca&a +na &! !#a# a,$%ia# &i,!n#i(n!# inv(%+cra +n nH,!r( &! #+=c(,$(n!n!# +! #(n ha=i%i&a&!# r!%aci(na&a#. •
E% CE &!% C(,$(n!n! Inra$!r#(na% !va%Haemocional !% #" ,i#,( in!ri(r.C0M C(,$r!n&! #ig+i!n!# #+=c(,$(n!n!#' comprensión de!%sí(mismo +! !# %(# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara $!rcaar#! c(,$r!n&!r n+!#r(# #!ni,i!n(# !,(ci(n!# &i*!r!nciar%(# c(n(c!r !% $(r +é &! %(# ,i#,(# asertividad ASM +! !# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara !8$r!#ar #!ni,i!n(# cr!!ncia# $!n#a,i!n(# #in &aar %(# #!ni,i!n(# &! %(# &!,á# &!*!n&!r n+!#r(# &!r!ch(# &! +na ,an!ra n( &!#r+civa autoconcepto ACM +! !# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara c(,$r!n&!r ac!$ar r!#$!ar#! a #" ,i#,( r!c(n(ci!n&( n+!#r(# a#$!c(# $(#iiv(# n!gaiv(# c(,( a,=ién n+!#ra# %i,iaci(n!# $(#i=i%i&a&!# autorrealización ARM +! !# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara r!a%i9ar %( +! r!a%,!n! $(&!,(# +!r!,(# &i#*r+a,(# &! hac!r%( ! independencia INM' !# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara a+(&irigir#! #!nir #!g+ri&a& &! #" ,i#,( c(n r!#$!c( a n+!#r(# $!n#a,i!n(# acci(n!# #!r in&!$!n&i!n!# !,(ci(na%,!n! $ara (,ar n+!#ra# &!ci#i(n!#.
•
E% CE &!% C(,$(n!n! In!r$!r#(na% a=arca %a# ha=i%i&a&!# !% &!#!,$!( in!r$!r#(na%. C(,$r!n&! %(# #ig+i!n!# #+=c(,$(n!n!#' empatía E0M +! !# %a ha=i%i&a& &! $!rcaar#! c(,$r!n&!r a$r!ciar %(# #!ni,i!n(# &! %(# &!,á# %a# relaciones interpersonales RIM +! +!#(n !#carac!ri9a&a# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara !#a=%!c!r ,an!n!r! r!%aci(n!# ,++a# #ai#*ac(ria# $(r +na c!rcan"a !,(ci(na% ini,i&a& %a responsabilidad social RSM +! !# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara &!,(#rar#! a #" ,i#,( c(,( +na $!r#(na +! c(($!ra c(nri=+! +! !# +n ,i!,=r( c(n#r+civ( &!% gr+$( #(cia%.
•
E% CE &!% C(,$(n!n! &! A&a$a=i%i&a& $!r,i! a$r!ciar c+án !8i(#a !# %a $!r#(na $ara a&!c+ar#! a %a# !8ig!ncia# &!% !n(rn( !va%+an&( !n*r!nan&( &! ,an!ra !*!civa %a# #i+aci(n!# $r(=%!,áica#. C(,$r!n&! %(# #ig+i!n!# #+=c(,$(n!n!#' solución de problemas (SP) +! !# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara i&!ni*icar &!*inir %(# $r(=%!,a# c(,( a,=ién $ara g!n!rar ! i,$%!,!nar #(%+ci(n!# !*!civa# %a prueba de la realidad (PR) !ue es l a ha=i%i&a& $ara !va%+ar %a c(rr!#$(n&!ncia !nr! %( +! !8$!ri,!na,(# %( #+=6!iv(M %( +! !n %a r!a%i&a& !8i#! %( (=6!iv(M %a "le#ibilidad ($L) !ue es %a ha=i%i&a& $ara r!a%i9ar +n a6+#! a&!c+a&( &! n+!#ra# !,(ci(n!# $!n#a,i!n(# c(n&+ca# a #i+aci(n!# c(n&ici(n!# ca,=ian!#.
•
E% CE &!% C(,$(n!n! &!% 0an!6( &!% E#ré#. C(,$r!n&! %(# #ig+i!n!# #+=c(,$(n!n!#' tolerancia al estr%s (&') +! !# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara #($(rar !v!n(# a&v!r#(# #i+aci(n!# !#r!#an!# *+!r!# !,(ci(n!# #in &!#,(r(nar#! !n*r!nan&( aciva $(#iiva,!n! !% !#ré#' !% control de los mpulsos () +! !# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara r!#i#ir ( $(#!rgar +n i,$+%#( ( !naci(n!# $ara ac+ar c(nr(%ar n+!#ra# !,(ci(n!#.
•
E% CE &!% C(,$(n!n! &!% E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra% ,i&! %a ca$aci&a& &! %a $!r#(na $ara &i#*r+ar &! %a vi&a %a $!r#$!civa +! !nga &! #+ *++r( !% #!nir#! c(n!na !n g!n!ra%. C(,$r!n&! %(# #ig+i!n!# #+=c(,$(n!n!#' "elicidad ($')* +! !# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara #!nir#! #ai#*!ch( c(n n+!#ra vi&a $ara &i#*r+ar &! #" ,i#,( &! 1
(r(# &iv!rir#! !8$r!#ar #!ni,i!n(# $(#iiv(# optimismo (+P) +! !# %a ha=i%i&a& $ara v!r !% a#$!c( ,á# =ri%%an! &! %a vi&a ,an!n!r +na aci+& $(#iiva a $!#ar &! %a a&v!r#i&a& %(# #!ni,i!n(# n!gaiv(#. DESARROLLO DEL IN1 $te)s de la Esala S! +i%i9- +na ,+!#ra &! 5:: ni(# a&(%!#c!n!# !nr! %a# !&a&!# &! 3 15 a(# /2 var(n!# )5 ,+6!r!# 15 &! !%%(# n( #!a%ar(n !% #!8(M. La ,!&ia &! !&a& $ara %a ,+!#ra *+! &! 1/.); a(# D.S. /.2;M. L(# $arici$an!# $r(v!n"an &! &i*!r!n!# !#c+!%a# &! Cana&á EE.UU. %(# +! c(,$%!ar(n %(# 5: "!,# &! %a v!r#i-n $r!%i,inar &!% in#r+,!n(. U#an&( +n aná%i#i# *ac(ria% !8$%(ra(ri( c(n +na r(aci-n ?ari,a8 #! ha%%- +n ,(&!%( &! *ac(r!# $ara %(# "!,# &!% ár!a Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% 1
E#ré# #i!n&( !#a %a ,!6(r !#r+c+ra. E#! ,(&!%( +! +i%i9- : "!,# &! +n c(n6+n( &! 51 "!,#M *+! ,+ #i,i%ar a %a &i,!n#i-n &! c(,$(n!n!# ,!&i&(# $(r !% inv!nari( &! a&+%(# Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré#M. Una #!ri! &! aná%i#i# *ac(ria%!# c(n %(# "!,# &! !#a&( &! áni,( $r(&+6( 1 "!,# %%a,a&( Fac(r &! E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra%. Una #!ri! #!$ara&a &! aná%i#i# c(n %(# "!,# &! I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva $r(&+6( +n *ac(r &! ; "!,#. Ba#a&( !n !#! c(n6+n( &! aná%i#i# *ac(ria%!# ;: "!,# *+!r(n r!!ni&(# $ara !% &!#arr(%%( &! %a !#ca%a *ina% %%a ,a&a $(r c(n#ig+i!n! BarOn ICE' NA. A#6lisis Fat'rial '#(ir)at'ri' del BarO# ICE& NA S! +i%i9- +na ,+!#ra &! )5: ni(# a&(%!#c!n!# 1// var(n!# 13 ,+6!r!# !nr! %a# !&a&!# &! ; 15 a(#. La ,!&ia &! !&a& $ara !#a ,+!#ra *+! &! 1).2/ D.E. ).3;M. C(,( !n %a# *a#!# $r!via# $arici$ar(n &i*!r!n!# c(%!gi(# &! Cana&á EE.UU. +i%i9an&( !% aná%i#i# *ac(ria% c(n*ir,a(ri( !% ,(&!%( &! *ac(r!# +! c+=r"a : "!,# &! In!%ig!ncia E,(ci(na%M *+! c(rr(=(ra&( !,$"rica,!n!. L( ,i#,( (c+rri - c(n !% Fac(r &! %a E#ca%a &! E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra% !% Fac(r &! %a E#ca%a &! I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva. Ba#a&( !n %(# aná%i#i# &! %a *a#!# $r!via# %a v!r#i-n *ina% &!% BarOn ICE' NA c(ni!n! ;: "!,#. Creai*# del Í#die de I#'#siste#ia E% "n&ic! &! Inc(n#i#!ncia !# +na &! %a# ,!&ici(n!# &! %a va%i&!9 &!% BarOn ICE' NA +! *+! &i#!a&a $ara !va%+ar %a c(n#i#!ncia. La# r!#$+!#a# a%a,!n! inc(n#i#!n!# $+!&!n #!r $r(&+ci&a# $(r *a%a &! ,(ivaci-n ( &i#$(#ici-n &! %(# !va%+a&(# $ara $arici$ar %( +! $+!&! c(,$r(,!!r %a va%i&!9 &! %(# r!#+%a&(#. E% BarOn ICE' NA c(ni!n! vari(# $ar!# &! "!,# a%a,!n! c(rr!%aci(na&(# +! i!n!n +n c(n!ni&( #i,i%ar +!BarOn $+!&!nICE' #!r NA +i%i9a&(# v!ri*icar r!#$+!#a# inc(n#i#!n!#. L(# 1: $ar!# &! "!,# &!% *+!r(n $ara +i%i9a&(# $ara !#! "n&ic!. E% $+na6! &!% "n&ic! &! inc(n#i#!ncia !# c(,$+a&( ca%c+%an&( %a# &i*!r!ncia# &! va%(r!# a=#(%+(# !n ca&a $ar &! r!#$+!#a# %+!g( #+,an&( !#a# 1: &i*!r!ncia#. A%gHn gra&( &! r!#$+!#a inc(n#i#!n! !# na+ra% !#$!ra&(. Para ni(# nia# &! c+a%+i!r !&a&M +n $+na6! &! 1: ( ,a(r &!=! #!r raa&( c(,( a"$ic( !n ér,in(# &! r!#$+!#a# c(n#i#!n!#. R!%aiva,!n! %a# $+n+aci(n!# =a6a# !n !% Ín&ic! &! Inc(n#i#!ncia n( garani9a +! %(# r!#+%a&(# #!an vá%i&(#. Una $!r#(na +! r!#$(n&! c(,$%!a,!n! a% a9ar a% BarON ICE' NA $(#i=%!,!n! $(&r"a (=!n!r +n $+na6! =a6( !n !#! "n&ic!. Ta,=ién $+!&! #igni*icar +! !% $r(=an&( i!n! &i*ic+%a&!# !n c(,$r!n&!r %a# &i*!r!ncia# #+i%!# !nr! a%g+n(# "!,#. L(# $+na6!# !%!va&(# !n !#! "n&ic! a,=ién $+!&!n in&icar +na a+(c(,$r!n#i-n $(=r!,!n! &!#arr(%%a&a. D! a%%" +! #! r!c(,i!n&a a %(# +#+ari(# &! %a $r+!=a +! !ngan +na in*(r,aci-n a&ici(na% #(=r! %a c(n&+ca &!% !va%+a&( ,i!nra# +! c(,$%!a %a $r+!=a %( +! a+&ará a &!!r,inar %a va%i&!9 &! %(# r!#+%a&(#. Creai*# de la ('r)a Abre/iada del BarO# ICE& NA La *(r,a a=r!via&a *+! &!#arr(%%a&a $ara ,ini,i9ar !% i!,$( &! a$%icaci-n c+an&( !% !8a,ina&( i!n! ha=i%i&a&!# %!c(ra# ( &! c(,$r!n#i-n %i,ia&a# #! *aiga *áci%,!n! ( an! ,H%i$%!# a&,ini#raci(n!#. S! +#- +na ,+!#ra n(r,aiva &! 713) #+6!(#. E% (=6!iv( *+! &!#arr(%%ar +na !#ca%a +! inc%+!ra #+*ici!n!# "!,# ; $(r !#ca%aM $ara !va%+ar &! ,(&( c(n*ia=%! %a# ha=i%i&a&!# Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré#. La #+,a &! !#a# !#ca%a# a=r!via&a# c(n#i+! !% CE T(a% &! %a E#ca%a. E#a *(r,a a,=ién inc%+! %(# ,i#,(# ; "!,# &! %a E#ca%a &! I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva 1
+! a$ar!c! !n %a *(r,a C(,$%!a. A#" !% BarOn ICE' NA *(r,a A=r!via&a c(ni!n! /: "!,#. L(# ; "!,# &! %a !#ca%a Inra$!r#(na% &! %a E#ca%a C(,$%!a *+!r(n r!!ni&(# $ara %a *(r,a A=r!via&a. Para %a# !#ca%a# Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# &! %a *(r,a C(,$%!a !% $((% &! "!,# $ara ca&a !#ca%a *+! #+6!( a +n aná%i#i# *ac(ria% c(n*ir,a(ri( c(n !% $r(gra,a STATISTICA Sa*S(* 1772M $r(=an&( +n ,(&!%( +ni&i,!n#i(na%. Para cr!ar %a# v!r#i(n!# &! %(# ; "!,# &! ca&a !#ca%a #-%( #! +i%i9ar(n %(# ; "!,# c(n %a# carga# *ac(ria%!# ,á# a%a# &! %a# varia=%!# %a!n!#. Desarr'll' del i#/e#tari' de BarO# ICE& NA e# la )uestra %erua#a En %a a&a$aci-n !#an&ari9aci-n $!r+ana +! +v( %+gar !n Li,a !n !% a( )::) #! $r(c!&i- !n $ri,!r ér,in( a %a ra&+cci-n &!% Inv!nari( &!% ing%é# a% ca#!%%an( $arici$ar(n #!i# $#ic-%(g(# $!r+an(# c(n c(n(ci,i!n( &!% ing%é# #! !8a,in- %a c(nc(r&ancia !nr! %a# &i*!r!n!# v!r#i(n!# #!%!cci(nán&(#! a+!%%(# r!aciv(# +! $(r #+ c(n!ni&( !8$r!#a=an %a# &!*inici(n!# ($!raci(na%!# &!% c(n#r+c(. L+!g( !#a v!r#i-n *+! !8a,ina&a $(r +na ra&+c(ra n(r!a,!ricana c(n &(,ini( &!% ca#!%%an( c(n*ir,án&(#! %a !+iva%!ncia %ingX"#ica !% #igni*ica&( &! %(# &i*!r!n!# "!,#. A#" ,i#,( %a v!r#i-n $r!%i,inar *+! a$%ica&a !n ni(# &! 3 a 1: a(# $ara a#!g+rar !% niv!% &! c(,$r!n#i-n &! ca&a r!aciv(. D! !#a ,an!ra #! (=+v( %a v!r#i-n *ina% &!% in#r+,!n( +! #! a$%ic- a %a ,+!#ra &! !#an&ari9aci-n. Para %a &!!r,inaci-n &! %(# "n&ic!# &! inc(n#i#!ncia #! #ig+i- !% ,i#,( $r(c!#( &! %a v!r#i-n n(r!a,!ricana. L(# r!#+%a&(# #! $r!#!nan !n %a a=%a 7 &(n&! #! (=#!rva +! %a# c(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! %(# "!,# $ar!# #i,i%ar!# #(n #igni*icaiva# a% +n( $(r ci!n( %( +! c(inci&! c(n %(# r!#+%a&(# a,!rican(# aHn c+an&( %a# c(rr!%aci(n!# (=!ni&a# !n %a ,+!#ra $!r+ana #(n ,á# =a6a# !#( #! &!=! a *ac(r!# ,(ivaci(na%!# ( $(r+! a%g+n(# ni(# ,á# $!+!(# !n"an +n =a6( niv!% &! c(,$r!n#i-n %!c(ra 3 a 1: a(#M %( +! *+! c(n#i&!ra&( $ara !% a6+#! &!% $+na6! (a%. Ta=%a 7 Inv!nari( E,(ci(na% &! BarOn $ara Ni(#' Par!# &! Í!,# +#a&(# !n !% Ín&ic! &! Inc(n#i#!ncia Í!,NY 13 /
C(n!ni&(&!%Í!, P+!&( ha=%ar *áci%,!n! #(=r! ,i# #!ni,i!n(# Para ," !# *áci% &!cir%! a %a# $!r#(na# c-,( ,! #i!n(
C(rr!%aci-n r Z ./3[[
/1
E# *áci% &!cir%! a %a g!n! c-,( ,! #i!n( P+!&( *áci%,!n! &!#cri=ir ,i# #!ni,i!n(#
r Z .)2[[
22 27
P+!&( &ar,! c+!na c+an&( ,i a,ig( #! #i!n! ri#! Sé c+an&( %a g!n! !#á ,(%!#a aHn c+an&( n( &ic! na&a
r Z ./)[[
): 21
T!n!r a,ig(# !# i,$(ran! 0! agra&an ,i# a,ig(#
r Z .)3[[
/: ))
P+!&( &ar =+!na# r!#$+!#a# a $r!g+na# &i*"ci%!# P+!&( c(,$r!n&!r $r!g+na# &i*"ci%!#
/5 5
P+!&( +#ar *áci%,!n! &iv!r#(# ,(&(# &! r!#(%v!r $r(=%!,a# S( =+!n( r!#(%vi!n&( $r(=%!,a#
); /2
T!ng( ,a% g!ni( 0! ,(%!#( *áci%,!n!
r Z .)1[[
/
P+!&( ,an!n!r %a ca%,a c+an&( !#( ,(%!#( Sé c(,( ,an!n!r,! ran+i%(
r Z ./;[[
11 : 3
0! #i!n( =i!n c(n,ig( ,i#,( 0! #i!n( *!%i9 c(n %a c%a#! &! $!r#(na +! #(
3
2; ;: [[ $. < .:1
r Z .:[[
0! g+#a ,i c+!r$( 0! g+#a %a *(r,a c(,( ,! v!(
1
r Z ./2[[ r Z ./[[
r Z .5[[
CAPÍTULO 3 ESTADÍSTICAS DESCRIPTI
DE
0
DE
/.// ;.) 2.55 ;.) 3.:1 ;.;2 /.1;
1.) /3.77 )7.: //.2: 2;.// ;.7; 1;.7
/./2 ;.:) 2.;) ;.)7 ;.2 ;./: /.:1
).1/ @).) /.1[[[ @1.;) .3; @1.;) ).7)[[
1: a 1) a(# N 2; $ara var(n!# N 57 $ara ,+6!r!#M 1.13 Inra$!r#(na% /;.) In!r$!r#(na% )7.12 A&a$a=i%i&a& //.23 0an!6( &!% E#ré# 22.22 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% ;.:3 E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra% 12.73 I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva
/.): 2.31 2.1 2.22 ;.3 ;.3; 2.7/
1/.55 /5./ )5.;3 //./3 22.5) 2.7 12.3/
/./) 2./7 .5; 2.7 ;.21 ;.23 ).3;
1.1 @2.52[[[ 1.23 .23 @.;5 .1 1./2
1/ a 12 a(# N 53 $ara var(n!# /51 $ara ,+6!r!#M 1.// Inra$!r#(na% /2.1/ In!r$!r#(na% )5.:/ A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# //.5; 2.31 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% ./ E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra% 12./ I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva
/.:2 2.3 2.:/ 2./5 ;.13 ;.: ).31
1./2 /3./; )3.2: //.21 22.)/ /.)7 12.:)
/.17 2.25 2.1 2.;1 ;.;) 3.11 ).51
@.3: @2.55[[[ 1.2) .7/ @1.)1 ).5[ 1.31
1; a 15 a(# N 151 $ara var(n!# 13 $ara ,+6!r!#M 1.;2 Inra$!r#(na% /./2 In!r$!r#(na% )3.13 A&a$a=i%i&a& //./5 0an!6( &!% E#ré# 2.:1 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% ).1 E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra% 1.7) I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva $. < .::1[[[ $. < .:1[[ $. < .:2[
/./1 2./1 .;2 2.17 ;.2: ;.25 ).;2
1.1; /3.25 )3.7: /).:1 2.3 1.71 1.7;
/.21 2.: 2.)) 2./3 ;./ 3./1 ).5
1./2 @2.;5[[ @1.: ).2[ @1.:; ./1 @.12
1
0+6!r
Ta=%a 11 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar Pr+!=a &! S+&!n &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(. ?ar-n Gr+$( &! E&a& E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA 0 3 a 7 a(# N 2;1 $ara var(n!# N 2/3 $ara ,+6!r!#M 1.52 Inra$!r#(na% 15.51 In!r$!r#(na% 15.:3 A&a$a=i%i&a& 13.:5 0an!6( &!% E#ré# ;5.5) T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% 13.: I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva
0+6!r DE
0
DE
/.// /.31 .:1 .)5 7.15 /.1;
1.) 17.23 13./; 13.31 ;7.:3 1;.7
/./2 /./ /.5/ ./) 5.5 /.:1
).1/[ @/.22[[[ /.:/[[ @).2[ @.; ).7)[[
/.): /.); /.;1 /.3: 5.23 ).7/
1/.55 17.3 13.:/ 13.2: ;3.55 12.3/
/./) /.12 /./5 /.7) 5.;; ).3;
1.1 @;.1/[[[ ).)1[ .13 @.35 1./;
1/ a 12 a(# N 53 $ara var(n!# /51 $ara ,+6!r!#M 1.// Inra$!r#(na% 13.1 In!r$!r#(na% 1;.;3 A&a$a=i%i&a& 13.3 0an!6( &!% E#ré# ;;.12 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% 12./ I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva
/.:2 /.:3 /./5 /.27 3.3/ ).31
1./2 15.7; 1;.17 13.;; ;3.1; 12.:)
/.17 /.:5 /.7 /.31 5.:7 ).51
@.:3: @3./2[[[ ).:[ ./) @1.5; 1.31
1; a 15 a(# N 151 $ara var(n!# 13 $ara ,+6!r!#M 1.;2 Inra$!r#(na% 13.11 In!r$!r#(na% 1;.1) A&a$a=i%i&a& 13. 0an!6( &!% E#ré# ;2./) T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% 1.7) I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva $. < .::1[[[ $. < .:1[[ $. < .:2[
/./1 /.:5 /.) /.)) 5.2 ).;2
1.1; 17./2 1;./1 1;.2 ;;./; 1.7;
/.21 ).7 /.;2 /.3) 5.:7 ).5
1./2 @3.:/[[[ @.21 ).[ @1.15 @.12
1: a 1) a(# N 2; $ara var(n!# N 57 $ara ,+6!r!#M Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva
1.13 15.); 13.21 13.2 ;3.3 12.73
Ta=%a 1) 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar Pr+!=a &! S+&!n &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-n. E#aa% Gr+$( &! E&a& E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA 0 3 a 7 a(# N ;; $ara !#aa% N ;/) $ara $aric+%arM 1.:1 Inra$!r#(na% /.) In!r$!r#(na% /).55 A&a$a=i%i&a& )3.1; 0an!6( &!% E#ré# 2/.)5 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% .11 E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra% 1;.:/ I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva
DE
0
DE
/./) 2.53 2.5 2.3/ 2.75 ;.37 /.11
12.11 /7.5) //.) /1.7 25.52 5.;; 13./1
/.)5 2.)3 ;.23 2.1: ;./2 2.2: ).73
@ 2.;[[[ @12.75[[[ @1/.17[[ @1.1 @1.31[[ @1/.17[[[ @ ;.7)[[[
1: a 1) a(# N 2) $ara !#aa% N 2)7 $ara $aric+%arM 1.:/ Inra$!r#(na% /2.;1 In!r$!r#(na% /).;) A&a$a=i%i&a& )3.35 0an!6( &!% E#ré# 2.:1 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% .:; E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra% 12.51 I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva
/.: 2.72 2.2; .7; ;.)7 3.:5 ).73
1.: /7.:7 /.// /:.:; 23./) 3.2) 12.7:
/.; .3 2.33 .51 ;.); 2.35 ).3)
@.// @1:.2:[[[ @ 3.25[[[ @ .71[[[ @ 5.2;[[[ @ 5.;7[[[ @ .2/
1/ a 12 a(# N ;1) $ara !#aa% )2; $ara ,+6!r!#M 1.17 Inra$!r#(na% /2.1) In!r$!r#(na% //.21 A&a$a=i%i&a& );.7) 0an!6( &!% E#ré# 2/.55 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% ).71 E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra% 12.:/ I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva
).7) 2.32 2.1 2.1) ;.)7 ;.73 ).55
1.;7 /5.7 /.15 )7.7: 23.3 ;./3 12.27
/.7 .2: 2.;) ./ 2.5/ 2.2 )./7
@ ).1[ @ 5./;[[[ @ 5.13[[[ @1.; @ 3.5)[[[ @ 3.:7[[[ @ ).3:[[
1; a 15 a(# N )2; $ara var(n!# 77 $ara ,+6!r!#M 1.) Inra$!r#(na% /.35 In!r$!r#(na% /)./ A&a$a=i%i&a& );.37 0an!6( &!% E#ré# 2/.)3 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% :.5 E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra% 1.51 I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva $. < .::1[[[ $. < .:1[[ $. < .:2[
/./1 2.2) 2./1 2.:; ;./ 3.:/ ).5/
1.5 /5./7 //.) )7.) 23.): 2.:7 12.)5
/.;2 .27 2./: .:7 2.7 2.;3 ).3
@ 1.3 @ ;.23[[[ @ .;1[[ @ 1.23 @ 2.//[[[ @ 2./3[[[ @ 1.2
1
Paric+%ar
Ta=%a 1/ 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar Pr+!=a &! S+&!n &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-n. E#aa% Gr+$( &! E&a& E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA 0 3 a 7 a(# N ;; $ara !#aa% N ;/) $ara $aric+%arM 1.:1 Inra$!r#(na% 15.12 In!r$!r#(na% 1;.: A&a$a=i%i&a& 13.) 0an!6( &!% E#ré# ;2.73 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na%
Paric+%ar DE
0
DE
/./) /.3: .:2 /.7; 5./
12.11 17.72 15.3: 13./3 31.1/
/.)5 /.)/ /.22 .22 5.2:
@ 2.;[[[ @ 5.25[[[ @ 1:.:)[[[ .13 @ 7.75[[[
1.:/ 15.1: 1;.23 13.:/ ;2.3/
/.: /.21 /.2) /.55 5.2
1.:/ 17.2/ 13.77 15.:1 ;7.72
/.3 ).5 /./; /.;3 5.);
.:/ @ @3./:[[[ @ ;.;7[[[ @ .)[[[ @ 3.1[[[
1/ a 12 a(# N ;1) $ara !#aa% )2; $ara ,+6!r!#M 1.17 Inra$!r#(na% 13.3 In!r$!r#(na% 12.7 A&a$a=i%i&a& 13.;/ 0an!6( &!% E#ré# ;2.2: T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na
).7) /.)/ /.7 /.3) 3.7:
1.;7 15.7) 13.3) 13.53 ;7.):
/.2: ).52 ).7 /.2 3.)7
@ ).12[ @ 2.:;[[[ @ 3.15[[[ @ .7: @ ;./)[[[
1; a 15 a(# N )2; $ara var(n!# 77 $ara ,+6!r!#M 1.) Inra$!r#(na% 13.51 In!r$!r#(na% 12.;; A&a$a=i%i&a& 1;.7: 0an!6( &!% E#ré# ;.;1 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na%
/./1 /.)5 /.23 /.23 5./)
1.5 17.)) 13.; 13.); ;5.73
/.;2 ).37 ).;) /.)5 3.2)
@ 1.5 @ /.35[[[ @ 2.:/[[[ @ .57 @ .2
1: a 1) a(# N 2) $ara !#aa% N 2)7 $ara $aric+%arM Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na%
$. < .::1[[[
$. < .:1[[
$. < .:2[
Ta=%a 1 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar (=!ni&a# ,!&ian! !% ANCO?A &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(. Gr+$( &! E&a& ?ar-n E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA 0 3 a 7 a(# N 2;1 $ara var(n!# N 2/3 $ara ,+6!r!#M a 1.2; Inra$!r#(na% a /;.12 In!r$!r#(na% a )7.// A&a$a=i%i&a& a /).;/ 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a 22.2 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% a 2./; E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra% 1: a 1) a(# N 2; ara var(n!# N 57 ara ,+ !r!# a 1.1/ Inra$!r#(na% a /;./: In!r$!r#(na% a )7.: A&a$a=i%i&a& a //.2 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a 22./7 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% a 2.7) E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra% 1/ a 12 a(# N 53 $ara var(n!# N /51 $ara ,+6!r!#M a 1. Inra$!r#(na% a /2.7 In!r$!r#(na% a )5./3 A&a$a=i%i&a& a //.7; 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a 22.1; T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% a .5; E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra% 1; a 15 a(# N 151 $ara var(n!# N 13 $ara ,+6!r!#M a 1.52 Inra$!r#(na% a /2.:) In!r$!r#(na% a )3.51 A&a$a=i%i&a& a //.2; 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a 2.53 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% a ).73 E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra%
/.)) a 2./1 a .;2 a 2.17 a ;.7 a ;.25
a
0+6!r DE
0
DE
a
a
/.;: a 2.72 a 2.) a ;.7 a ;.3: a ;.7)
1.); a /3.; a )5.2 a //./; a 22.;3 a ;./)
/.23 a 2.57 a 2./5 a ;. a ;.;2 a ;.5;
/.: a 2.:1 a .25 a 2.7 a 2.;2 a 2.5
a
).75 a .7/ a .5 a 2./3 a 2.2 a 2.3)
a
a
1./2 a /5.)) a )2.2) a /).15 a 22.22 a ).3:
1/.7: a /5.7 a )5.3) a //./7 a 22.57 a 2.2;
a
/.:/ a .2: a .25 a 2.5 a 2.; a 2.5
1.2/ a /3.7; a )5.:3 a //.;3 a 22.77 a .:/
a
).77 a .7 a .21 a 2./7 a 2.2; a 2.3
a
/.)1 a 2.: a 2.)) a 2./3 a ;./ a 3./1
Eva%+a&a c(n*(r,! %a c(varian9a a$ar!c! !n !% ,(&!%(' PTIP P+na6! T(a% I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva 12.5:
)
a
a
a
a
Ta=%a 12 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar (=!ni&a# ,!&ian! !% ANCO?A &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(. Gr+$( &! E&a& ?ar-n E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA 0 3 a 7 a(# N 2;1 ara var(n!# N 2/3 ara ,+ !r!# a 1.2; Inra$!r#(na% a 15./2 In!r$!r#(na% a 13.; A&a$a=i%i&a& a 13.:/ 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a ;3.1 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% 1: a 1) a(# N 2; ara var(n!# N 57 ara ,+ a!r!#
0+6!r DE
0 a
DE a
/.;: a /.; a /.3 a ./5 a 5.51
a
1.); a 17./1 a 13.:) a 13.;7 a ;5.)5
/.23 a /./ a /.31 a .// a 5.3
a
a
a
1.1/ a 15.17 a 13./ a 13.2 a ;3.)5
/.: a ).7) a /.1; a /.;5 a 3./
1/.7: a 17.2: a 13.:3 a 13.21 a ;3.73
/.:/ a ).7) a /.1 a /.;7 a 3./
1/ a 12 a(# N 53 $ara var(n!# /51 $ara ,+6!r!#Ma 1. Inra$!r#(na% a 13.27 In!r$!r#(na% a 1;.7: A&a$a=i%i&a& a 13.3; 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a ;;.;7 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na%
).75 a ).53 a /.:7 a /.;) a 3.)7
a
1.2/ a 17.); a 1;.25 a 13.;7 a ;5.:;
a
).77 a ).53 a /.1: a /.;/ a 3./:
1; a 15 a(# N 151 ara var(n!# 13 ara ,+ !r!#a 1.52 Inra$!r#(na% a 13. In!r$!r#(na% a 1;.2; A&a$a=i%i&a& a 13.5 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a ;;./ T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na%
/.)) a /.:5 a /./) a /.57 a 3.5/
a
1./2 a 17.;3 a 1;.3/ a 1;.25 a ;3.//
a
/.)1 a /.:3 a /./) a /.57 a 3.5
Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na%
a
a
a
Eva%+a&a c(n*(r,! %a c(varian9a a$ar!c! !n !% ,(&!%(' PTIP P+na6! T(a% I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva 12.5:
Ta=%a 1; 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar (=!ni&a# ,!&ian! !% ANCO?A &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-n. Gr+$( &! E&a& E#aa% E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA 0 DE 3 a 7 a(# N ;; $ara !#aa% N ;/) $ara $aric+%arM a a 1.:1 /./) Inra$!r#(na% a a /.) 2.55 In!r$!r#(na% a a )3.1; 2.3/ A&a$a=i%i&a& a a /).55 2.5 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a a 2/.)5 2.77 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% a a .11 ;.5: E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra%
Paric+%ar 12.11 a /7.5) a /1.7 a //.) a 25.52 a ;.;;
a
/.)5 a 2.)3 a 2.1: a ;.23 a ;./2 a ;.21
1: a 1) a(# N 2) ara !#aa% N 2)7 ara aric+%ara 1.:/ Inra$!r#(na% a /2.;1 In!r$!r#(na% a )3.35 A&a$a=i%i&a& a /).;) 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a 2.:1 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% a .:; E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra%
/.: a 2.72 a .7; a 2.2; a ;.)7 a 3.:5
a
1.: a /7.:7 a /:.:; a /.// a 23./) a 3.2)
a
/.3 a .3 a .51 a 2.3; a ;.); a 2.35
1/ a 12 a(# N ;1) $ara !#aa% )2; $ara $aric+%arM a 1.17 Inra$!r#(na% a /2.1) In!r$!r#(na% a );.7) A&a$a=i%i&a& a //.21 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a 2/.55 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% a ).71 E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra%
).7/ a 2.32 a 2.1) a 2.) a ;.)7 a ;.7;
a
1.27 a /5.7 a )7.7: a /.15 a 23.3 a ;./3
a
/.7 a .21 a ./ a 2.;) a 2.5/ a 2.2
0
DE
1; a 15 a(# N )2; ara !#aa% 77 ara aric+%ar a a a 1.) /./1 1.5 Inra$!r#(na% a a a /.35 2.2) /5.57 In!r$!r#(na% a a a );.37 2.:; )7.) A&a$a=i%i&a& a a a /)./ 2./1 //.) 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a a a 2/.)3 ;./ 23.): T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% a a a :.5 3.:/ 2.:7 E#a&( &! ni,( !n G!n!ra% a Eva%+a&a c(n*(r,! %a c(varian9a a$ar!c! !n !% ,(&!%(' PTIP P+na6!(a% T I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva
)
a
a
a
a
/.;2 a .27 a .:7 a 2./: a 2.7 a 2.;5 12.5:
Ta=%a 13 0!&ia# D!#viaci(n!# E#án&ar (=!ni&a# ,!&ian! !% ANCO?A &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-n. Gr+$( &! E&a& ?ar-n E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA 0 3 a 7 a(# N ;; ara !#aa% N ;/) ara aric+%ar a 1.:1 Inra$!r#(na% a 15.1 In!r$!r#(na% a 1;.: A&a$a=i%i&a& a 13.) 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a ;2.73 T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na%
/./) a /.3: a .:; a /.7; a 5.)
a
12.11 a 17.72 a 15.3: a 13./3 a 31.1/
a
/.)5 a /.) a /.22 a .22 a 5.2:
1: a 1) a(# N 2) $ara !#aa% N 2)7 $ara $aric+%arM a 1.:/ Inra$!r#(na% a 15.:1 In!r$!r#(na% a
/.: a /.21 /.;3
a
1.;5 a 17.2/
a
/.; a ).5/
/.;5 a
13.77 a 15.:1 a ;7.23
/.25 a /.;5 a 5.);
A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na%
1;.23 a 13.:/ a ;2.3/
1/ a 12 a(# N ;1) $ara !#aa% )2; $ara $aric+%arMa 1.17 Inra$!r#(na% a 13.3 In!r$!r#(na% a 12.7 A&a$a=i%i&a& a 13.;/ 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% ;2.2: 1; a 15 a(# N )2; $ara !#aa% 77 $ara $aric+%arM a 1.) Inra$!r#(na% a 13.51 In!r$!r#(na% a 12.;; A&a$a=i%i&a& a 1;.7: 0an!6( &!% E#ré# a ;.;) T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% a Eva%+a&a c(n*(r,! %a c(varian9a a$ar!c! !n !% ,(&!%(' PTIP P(#iiva 12.5:
0+6!r DE
0
a
5.2
a
DE
a
a
a a
a
1.;7 a 15.7) a 13.3) a 13.53 a ;7.):
a
/.7 a ).52 a ).7 a /.2 a 3.)7
a
1.5 a 17.)) a 13.; a 13.); a ;5.73 I,$r!#i-n
a
/.;2 a ).37 a ).;) a /.)5 a 3.2)
).7/ a /.)/ a /.7 a /.3) a 3.7: /./1 a /.)5 a /.23 a /.23 a 5./) P+na6! T(a%
a
a
E(et's de la Edad + el Se5' En %a #ig+i!n! #!cci-n #! &!#cri=!n %(# !*!c(# &! %a !&a& !% #!8( !n %a# &i#ina# !#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA. Para inv!#igar #i !8i#!n &i*!r!ncia# !nr! %(# gr+$(# c(n#i&!ran&( %a !&a& ( !% #!8( #! %%!v- a ca=( +na #!ri! &! aná%i#i# &! varian9a &! &(# v"a# #!8( $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-n $(r gr+$(# &! !&a&M. E% ANO?A &! &(# r+a# #i,+%án!a,!n! $!r,i! !% aná%i#i# &! &(# *ac(r!# =rin&a in*(r,aci-n #(=r! %a in!racci-n !nr! !%%(#. D!=i&( a +! %a !&a& !% #!8( ( %a !&a& %a g!#i-n i!n!n !n gran ,!&i&a !*!c(# &i*!r!ncia&(r!# #! ha c(n#i&!ra&( n(r,a# $(r #!$ara&(. L(# r!#+%a&(# !#$!c"*ic(# an( $ara !% #!8( c(,( $ara %a g!#i-n !n %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& $ara %a# &i*!r!n!# !#ca%a# &!% inv!nari( #(n &!#cria# !n %a# a=%a# 15 a% )1 !n %a# +! #! inc%+!n %(# !*!c(# &!% a,a( &! %a ,+!#ra Ea )M $ara %(# !*!c(# $rinci$a%!# #igni*icaiv(# #!8( ( !&a&M +! r!#+,!n %a *+!r9a g!n!ra% &! %a r!%aci-n Ea ) var"a !nr! : 1.: &(n&! c!r( r!$r!#!na ning+na r!%aci-n +n( %a r!%aci-n $!r*!caM.
FOR,A CO,PLETA C+an&( #! !8a,inan %(# r!#+%a&(# $r!#!na&(# !n %a# a=%a 15 #! (=#!rva %a #igni*icaci-n &! %(# !*!c(# $rinci$a%!# c(n#i&!ran&( !% #!8(. L(# var(n!# i!n!n !+n $+na6! ,á# !%!va&( !n %a# !#ca%a# inra$!r#(na% a&a$a=i%i&a& ,an!6( &!% !#ré# i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva %a# ,+6!r!# !n ca,=i( &!n(an $+na6!# ,!&i(# ,á# !%!va&(# !n %a !#ca%a in!r$!r#(na% a=%a 12M. A#" ,i#,( #! ha%%- +n !*!c( $rinci$a% $ara %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& !n (&a# %a# !#ca%a# inc%+!n&( !% $+na6! (a% !,(ci(na% ! i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva. La in!racci-n #!8( gr+$( &! !&a& *+! #igni*icaiva $ara %a# !#ca%a# in!r$!r#(na% a&a$a=i%i&a& ,an!6( &!% !#ré#. La# ,H%i$%!# c(,$araci(n!# ,!&ian! !% $r(c!&i,i!n( S+&!n N!J,an K!+%# SNKM ha%%- &i*!r!ncia# !nr! %(# #ig+i!n!# gr+$(# &! !&a&!#' !n %a !#ca%a inra$!r#(na% !% gr+$( &! 1: a(# +v( $+na6!# ,á# =a6(# +! !% &! 3 a 7 )
a(# !n in!r$!r#(na% n( #! ha%%- &i*!r!ncia# !nr! %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& 1; a 15 c(n 1/ a 12 a(# ni !nr! 1: a 1) 3 a 7 a(# $!r( #i h+=( &i*!r!ncia# #igni*icaiva# !nr! %(# &(# $ri,!r(# gr+$(# &! !&a& !n c(,$araci-n c(n %(# &(# gr+$(# ,!n(r!#. En %a !#ca%a &! a&a$a=i%i&a& %(# gr+$(# &! !&a&' 1/ a 12 1; a 15 a(# $r!#!nar(n $+na6!# ,!&i(# ,!n(# !%!va&(# +! !% &! 1: a 1) !#! a #+ v!9 *+! ,!n(r +! !% &! 3 a 7 a(#. En ,an!6( &!% !#ré# !% gr+$( &! 1; a 15 a(# (=#!rv- $+na6!# ,!&i(# ,á# =a6(# +! %(# &! 1: a 1) 1/ a 12 a(#. En !% $+na6! !,(ci(na% (a% %(# &! 1/ a 12 1; a 15 a(# (=+vi!r(n $+na6!# ,!&i(# ,á# =a6(# +! %(# &! 1: a 1) 3 a 7 a(#. En c+an( a% !#a&( &! áni,( !n g!n!ra% %(# ,a(r!# &!n(ar(n ,á# =a6(# $+na6!# !n r!%aci-n a %(# ,!n(r!#. En i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva %(# ,a(r!# gr+$(# &! 1; a 15 1 a 12 a(#M i!n&!n a &ar +na ,!n(r i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva +! %(# ,!n(r!# 3 a 7 1: a 1) a(#M. Ta=%a 15 ) Aná%i#i# Univaria&( &! ?arian9a' Pr+!=a F niv!%!# &! #igni*icaci-n c(!*ici!n!# Ea Pr+!=a S+&!n N!J,an K!+%# &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA F(r,a C(,$%!a $ara %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(. E*!c( Princi$a% E*!c( Princi$a% In!racci(n!# 0 %i$%!# E#ca%a# &!% C(,$araci(n!# S!8( Gr+$(# &! E&a& S!8( 8 G. E&a& ) F1.//;;M Sig. Ea F/.//;;M Sig. Ea F/.//;;M Sig. Ea BarOn ICE' NA SNKM Inra$!r#(na% 2.;5 .:2 .::) ;.: .::1 .::2 @@ N.S @@ )<1 In!r$!r#(na% 71.5 .::1 .:71 1.1 .::1 .:1/ .15 .:2 .:: / < ) 1 A&a$a=i%i&a& @@ N.S. @@ );.:1 .::1 .:)/ ).5; .:2 .::/ / < ) < 1 0an!6(&!%E#ré# @@ N.S @@ ).77 .:2 .::/ ).31 .:2 .::) < ) / P+na6! T(a% @@ N.S. @@ 1).7 .::1 .:11 @@ N.S. @@ / < ) < 1 E,(ci(na% E#a&( &! ni,( !n @@ N.S. @@ 23.;5 .::1 .:7 @@ N.S. @@
C+an&( #! !8a,inan %(# !*!c(# $rinci$a%!# c(n#i&!ran&( !% i$( &! g!#i-n a=%a 17M %a# &i*!r!ncia# #(n$ara #igni*icaiva# a% !,(ci(na% +n( $(r ci!n( %a# &i*!r!n!# BarOn ICE' NA a,=ién !% $+na6! (a%$ara !#a&( &! áni,(!#ca%a# g!n!ra%&!% ! i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva a *av(r &! %(# c(%!gi(# $aric+%ar!#. L(# !*!c(# $rinci$a%!# &! %a !&a& arr(6an &i*!r!ncia# #igni*icaiva# !n %(# c(,$(n!n!# inra$!r#(na% a&a$a=i%i&a& ,an!6( &!% !#ré# !#a&( &! áni,( g!n!ra% ! i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva. La in!racci-n g!#i-n gr+$(# &! !&a& *+!r(n #igni*icaiva# $ara %a !#ca%a# inra$!r#(na% in!r$!r#(na% a&a$a=i%i&a& ! i,$r!#i-n $(#iiva $ara !% $+na6! (a% !,(ci(na%. En %a# ,H%i$%!# c(,$araci(n!# NKSM #! (=#!rva +! %(# $+na6!# ,!&i(# #(n ,á# !%!va&(# $ara %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& ,a(r!# +! $ara %(# ,!n(r!#. Ta=%a 17 ) Aná%i#i# Univaria&( &! ?arian9a' Pr+!=a F niv!%!# &! #igni*icaci-n c(!*ici!n!# Ea Pr+!=a S+&!n N!J,an K!+%# &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @F(r,a C(,$%!a $ara %(# gr+$(# &!!&a& g!#i-n. E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%E#ré#
E*!c( Princi$a% G!#i-n F1.//;;M Sig. Ea 1;.7) .::1 .::2 //2. .::1 .:71 )15.27 .::1 .:;1 13.1) .::1 .::2
E*!c( Princi$a% Gr+$(# &! E&a& F/.//;;M Sig. Ea 2./2 .::1 .::2 @@ N.S. @@ ;.3; .::1 .::; ).57) .:2 .::/
In!racci(n!# G!#i-n 8 G. E&a& F/.//;;M Sig. Ea .;5 .:1 .:: ;.23 .::1 .::; 3.:; .::1 .::; @@ N.S. @@
a
0H%i$%!# C(,$araci(n!# SNKM )<1 / < ) 1 / < ) < 1 < ) /
P+na6! T(a% )2;./:2 .::1 .:31 @@ N.S. @@ ;.:) .::1 .::2 / < ) < 1 E,(ci(na% E#a&( &! ni,( !n ))1.:; .::1 .:;) )2.252 .::1 .:)) @@ N.S. @@
)
FOR,A ABRE
E*!c( Princi$a% E*!c( Princi$a% In!racci(n!# 0H%i$%!# E#ca%a# &!% S!8( Gr+$(# &! E&a& S!8( 8 G. E&a& C(,$araci(n!# F1.//;;M Sig. Ea F/.//;;M Sig. Ea F/.//;;M Sig. Ea BarOn ICE' NA SNKM Inra$!r#(na% 2.;5 .:2 .::) ;.: .::1 .::2 @@ N.S @@ )<1 In!r$!r#(na% 1/.;/ .::1 .:/5 15.1 .::1 .:1; 2.:; .:1 .:: / < ) < 1 A&a$a=i%i&a& 3./1 .:2 .::) )3./3 .::1 .:) @@ N.S. .::/ / < ) < 1 0an!6(&!%E#ré# @@ N.S @@ /.;3 .:2 .::/ /.27 .:2 .::/ < ) / P+na6! T(a% ./3 .:2 .::1 1;.2/ .:2 .:12 @@ N.S. @@ / < ) < 1 E,(ci(na% La !&a& &! %(# gr+$(# #! ha (r&!na&( &! %a ,!&ia ,á# =a6a a %a ,á# a%a !% #ign( < in&ica +! !8i#! +na &i*!r!ncia #igni*icaiva $ < .::1 $ < .:1 $ < .:2M %a !&a& &! %(# gr+$(# #!$ara&(# $(r +na c(,a n( &i*i!r!n #igni*icaiva,!n!. La# #ig%a# N.S. #!a%an !*!c(# n( #igni*icaiv(#. a E&a& &! %(# Gr+$(# 1 3 a 7 a(# ) 1: a 1) a(# / 1/ a 12 a(# 1; a 15 a(#. Ta=%a )1 ) Aná%i#i# Univaria&( &! ?arian9a' Pr+!=a F niv!%!# &! #igni*icaci-n c(!*ici!n!# Ea Pr+!=a S+&!n N!J,an K!+%# &! %a# E#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( BarOn' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $ara %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-n. a
E*!c( Princi$a% E*!c( Princi$a% In!racci(n!# 0H%i$%!# E#ca%a# &!% G!#i-n Gr+$(# &! E&a& G!#i-n 8 G. E&a& C(,$araci(n!# F1.//;;M Sig. Ea F/.//;;M Sig. Ea F/.//;;M Sig. Ea BarOn ICE' NA SNKM Inra$!r#(na% 1;.7) .::1 .::2 2./2 .::1 .::2 .;5 .:1 .:: )<1 In!r$!r#(na% 117.2: .::1 .:/ 3.;: .::1 .::3 @@ N.S. @@ / < ) < 1 A&a$a=i%i&a& 1;7.35 .::1 .:5 5.2 .::1 .::3 ).3) .:2 .::) / < ) < 1 0an!6(&!%E#ré# 2.7) .:2 .::) @@ N.S. @@ /.): .:2 .::/ < ) / P+na6! T(a% 127.;: .::1 .:2 .3) .:1 .:: @@ N.S. @@ / < ) < 1 E,(ci(na% La !&a& &! %(# gr+$(# #! ha (r&!na&( &! %a ,!&ia ,á# =a6a a %a ,á# a%a !% #ign( < in&ica +! !8i#! +na &i*!r!ncia #igni*icaiva $ < .::1 $ < .:1 $ < .:2M %a !&a& &! %(# gr+$(# #!$ara&(# $(r +na c(,a n( &i*i!r!n #igni*icaiva,!n!. La# #ig%a# N.S. #!a%an !*!c(# n( #igni*icaiv(#. a E&a& &! %(# Gr+$(# 1 3 a 7 a(# ) 1: a 1) a(# / 1/ a 12 a(# 1; a 15 a(#.
)
PROPIEDADES PSICO,@TRICAS DEL BarO# ICE& NA CONFIABILIDAD E% $r($-#i( &! !#+&iar %a c(n*ia=i%i&a& !# !8a,inar !n +é ,!&i&a %a# &i*!r!ncia# in&ivi&+a%!# &! %(# $+na6!# !n +n !# $+!&!n #!r ari=+i&a# a %a# &i*!r!ncia# v!r&a&!ra# &! %a# carac!r"#ica# c(n#i&!ra&a#. En !% !8ran6!r( Bar@On ParQ!r ):::M r!a%i9ar(n +n !#+&i( #(=r! c+ar( i$(# &! c(n*ia=i%i&a&' c(n#i#!ncia in!rna ,!&ia &! %a# c(rr!%aci(n!# in!r@"!, c(n*ia=i%i&a& !#@r!!# a&!,á# !#a=%!ci!r(n !% !rr(r !#án&ar &! ,!&ici-nV$r!&icci-n %(# ,i#,(# +! #(n $r!#!na&(# &! ,(&( &!a%%a&( !n !% 0an+a% Técnic( &! %a Pr+!=a Origina%. En !#a inv!#igaci-n #! ha $r(c!&i&( !n gran ,!&i&a a r!a%i9ar !% ,i#,( aná%i#i# !8c!$+an&( %a c(n*ia=i%i&a& !#@r!!# ca=! ,!nci(nar +! !n !% ra=a6( &! Bar@On ParQ!r ):::M !% r!!# !*!c+a&( !n +na ,+!#ra &! ;: ni(# c+a !&a& $r(,!&i( *+! 1/.2 a(# r!v!%- %a !#a=i%i&a& &!% inv!nari( (#ci%an&( %(# c(!*ici!n!# !nr! .33 .55 an( $ara %a *(r,a C(,$%!a c(,( $ara %a A=r!via&a. En ca,=i( !n %a# ,+!#ra# n(r,aiva# $!r+ana# a&!,á# &! %(# !*!c(# &!% #!8( gr+$(# &! !&a& #! ha $r(c!&i&( a,=ién a !8a,inar %(# !*!c(# &! %a g!#i-n gr+$(# &! !&a&. C'#siste#ia I#ter#a S! r!*i!r! a% gra&( !n +! (&(# %(# "!,# &! +na !#ca%a $aric+%ar ,i&!n c(n#i#!n!,!n! !% ,i#,( c(n#r+c(. La c(n#i#!ncia in!rna *+! ,!&i&a c(n !% A%*a &! Cr(n=ach +! !# %a #+,a(ria g!n!ra% &! %(# c(!*ici!n!# +! var"an !nr! :.:: c(n*ia=i%i&a& ,+ =a6aM 1.:: c(n*ia=i%i&a& $!r*!caM. La c(n#i#!ncia in!rna &! +na !#ca%a $aric+%ar !# *+nci-n an( &! %a ca%i&a& &! %(# "!,# c(,( a,=ién &! %a va%i&!9 &! %a# r!#$+!#a# &!% !va%+a&(. La a=%a )) $r!#!na %(# c(!*ici!n!# &! c(n#i#!ncia in!rna $ara %a# &iv!r#a# !#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a c(n !8c!$ci-n &!% Ín&ic! &! Inc(n#i#!ncia &! %a E#ca%a &! I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva. P(r !% ,(&( !n +! han #i&( ca%c+%a&(# !% Ín&ic! &! Inc(n#i#!ncia #+,a &! %a# &i*!r!ncia# a=#(%+a# !nr! %(# $ar!# &! "!,# #!%!cci(na&(#M %a E#ca%a &! I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva #+,a &! +n c(n6+n( &! "!,# c+a# r!#$+!#a# n( #(n "$ica,!n! !#$!ra&a# $(r ni(# ( a&(%!#c!n!#M n( r!#+%a a$r($ia&( (,ar%(# !n c+!na $ara &!!r,inar %(# c(!*ici!n!# &! c(n*ia=i%i&a&. La a=%a )/ $r!#!na %(# c(!*ici!n!# &! c(n*ia=i%i&a& $ara %a *(r,a A=r!via&a. Ta=%a )) Ta=%a )/ C(!*ici!n! &! C(n#i#!ncia In!rna $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% BarOn C(!*ici!n! &! C(n#i#!ncia In!rna $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(M. ICE' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(M. S!8( E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA ?ARONES Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C.E. T(a% E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra% 0UERES Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C.E. T(a% E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra%
3a7 a(#
1: a 1) a(#
1/ a 12 a(#
1; a 15 a(#
.)/
.1
.;
.2;
.;7 .31 .;) .3: .5
.;5 .31 .;/ .33 .5;
.3) .32 .;5 .33 .53
.3: .3/ .;7 .35 .55
.)3 .;5 .;7 .;/ .3: .5)
.; .3: .3: .31 .3; .5;
.3 .3/ .3; .;5 .3/ .53
.25 .31 .5: .;3 .37 .53
S!8( E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA ?ARONES Inra$!r#(na%
)
3a7 a(#
1: a 1) a(#
1/ a 12 a(#
1; a 15 a(#
.)/
.1
.;
.2;
In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C.E. T(a%
.25 .;3 .;2 .;;
.25 .3) .;) .3)
.25 .3 .3: .3:
.25 .3) .;3 .33
0UERES Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C.E. T(a%
.)3 .2: .;2 .;; .;
.; .;: .3: .3) .3/
.3 .27 .3) .3) .3/
.25 .25 .5: .31 .3/
En %a# a=%a# ) )2 #! $r!#!nan %(# c(!*ici!n!# &! c(n#i#!ncia in!rna c(n#i&!ran&( %a g!#i-n c(%!gi(# !#aa%!# $riva&(#M (=#!rván&(#! +na ,a(r h(,(g!n!i&a& &! %(# "!,# &!nr( &! ca&a !#ca%a. A&!,á# #! $+!&! a$r!ciar +! c(n*(r,! #! incr!,!na %a !&a& %(# c(!*ici!n!# #! incr!,!nan. En g!n!ra% %(# c(!*ici!n!# &! c(n*ia=i%i&a& #(n =a#an! #ai#*ac(ri(# a ravé# &! %(# &i*!r!n!# gr+$(# n(r,aiv(# a $!#ar +! a%g+na# !#ca%a# c(ni!n!n $(c( nH,!r( &! "!,#. Ta=%a ) Ta=%a )2 C(!*ici!n! &! C(n#i#!ncia In!rna $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% BarOn C(!*ici!n! &! C(n#i#!ncia In!rna $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-nM. ICE' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-nM. G!#i-n E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA
3a7 a(#
1: a 1) a(#
1/ a 12 a(#
1; a 15 a(#
ESTATAL Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C.E. T(a% E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra%
.): .22 .;/ ./ .;) .;3
.)3 .;; .; .7 .3/ .3;
./ .31 .3) .2 .35 .32
.7 .;5 .32 .22 .35 .35
PARTICULAR Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C.E. T(a% E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra%
.); .;3 .;7 .23 .3/ .3:
.23 .;5 .3/ .;/ .37 .37
.;7 .3) .35 .3: .5: .51
.3; .32 .5: .3/ .5) .5
G!#i-n E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA
3a7 a(#
1: a 1) a(#
1/ a 12 a(#
1; a 15 a(#
ESTATAL Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C.E. T(a%
.): .5 .23 .2; .2)
.)3 .23 .27 .;/ .;
./ .25 .;2 .;7 .;
.7 .;: .3: .;; .;7
PARTICULAR Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C.E. T(a%
.); .2; .;1 .31 .;1
.23 .27 .3: .3: .3)
.;7 .;2 .3) .3; .31
.3; .;5 .32 .51 .33
,edia de las C'rrelai'#es I#ter;Ite)s La ,!&ia &! %a# c(rr!%aci(n!# in!r@"!,# !# (r( in&ica&(r &!% gra&( !n +! %(# "!,# &! +na !#ca%a $aric+%ar ,i&!n c(n#i#!n!,!n! !% ,i#,( c(n#r+c(. La# a=%a# ); )3 $r!#!nan %a# ,!&ia# &! %a# c(rr!%aci(n!# in!r@"!,# $ara %a# &i*!r!n!# !#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA F(r,a# C(,$%!a A=r!via&a c(n#i&!ran&( %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8( !8c!$( $ara !% "n&ic! &! Inc(n#i#!ncia %a E#ca%a &! I,$r!#i-n P(#iiva $(r %a# ra9(n!# an!# !8$+!#a#M !n %a# a=%a# )5 )7 #! $r!#!nan %(# ,i#,(# ha%%a9g(# c(n#i&!ran&( %(# gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-n. En !%%a# #! a$r!cian +! %a# ,!&ia# &! %a# c(rr!%aci(n!# in!r@"!,# (*r!c!n +n $ar-n #i,i%ar a ravé# &! %(# &iv!r#(# gr+$(# n(r,aiv(#. La ,agni+& &! !#a# c(rr!%aci(n!# =rin&an +n #($(r! a&ici(na% $ara %a c(n#i#!ncia in!rna &! %a# !#ca%a# &!% inv!nari( ,!6(ran&( c(n !% incr!,!n( &! !&a&. Ta=%a ); Ta=%a )3 C(rr!%aci(n!# In!r@Í!,# $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ C(rr!%aci(n!# In!r@Í!,# $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(M. F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& #!8(M. S!8( E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA ?ARONES Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C. E. T(a% E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra% 0UERES Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C. E. T(a% E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra%
1: a 1) a(#
1/ a 12 a(#
1; a 15 a(#
.:2
.11
.1
.15
.12 .): .1) .1; .:7
.1; .): .1) .)) .1:
.15 .)/ .12 .)1 .1:
.1; .)) .1; .)) .11
.:; .12 .15 .1) .1; .:5
.1/ .1; .): .13 .): .1:
.1/ .15 .) .12 .): .11
.17 .15 .)7 .1 .)/ .11
3a7 a(#
S!8( E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA ?ARONES Inra$!r#(na%
)
3a7 a(#
BarOn ICE' NA @
1: a 1) a(#
1/ a 12 a(#
1; a 15 a(#
.:2
.11
.1
.15
In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C. E. T(a%
.15 .)2 .) .:3
.15 ./: .)) .:7
.17 ./) .)7 .:5
.15 ./: .)2 .1:
0UERES Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C. E. T(a%
.:; .1 .) .)2 .:;
.1/ .): .)5 ./: .:7
.1/ .17 ./: .)7 .:5
.17 .15 .: .)7 .:7
Ta=%a )5 Ta=%a )7 C(rr!%aci(n!# In!r@Í!,# $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ C(rr!%aci(n!# In!r@Í!,# $ara %a# E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-nM. F(r,a A=r!via&a $(r gr+$(# &! !&a& g!#i-nM. S!8( E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA
3a7 a(#
1: a 1) a(#
1/ a 12 a(#
1; a 15 a(#
ESTATAL Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C. E. T(a% E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra%
.: .:7 .:7 .12 .1/ .1
.:; .1 .11 .1; .): .:3
.:7 .1 .11 .1; .): .:3
.1 .1; .1/ .)/ .)1 .:5
PARTICULAR Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C. E. T(a% E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra%
.:; .1 .1 .15 .12 .:3
.17 .12 .15 .)/ .)1 .:7
.)5 .13 .)) .)3 .)/ .:7
./ .): .) .)7 .)5 .1:
S!8( E#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA
3a7 a(#
1: a 1) a(#
1/ a 12 a(#
1; a 15 a(#
ESTATAL Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C. E. T(a%
.: .1/ .)1 .13 .:2
.:; .15 .)/ .)) .:5
.:7 .17 .)3 .)3 .:3
.1 .17 ./) .)2 .:7
PARTICULAR Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6( &!% E#ré# C. E. T(a%
.:; .15 .) .)7 .:3
.17 .17 ./) .)5 .1:
.)5 .) ./ ./2 .1:
./ .)2 ./5 .) .1/
Err'r Est6#dar En %a a=%a /: #! $r!#!nan r!# i$(# &! !rr(r !#án&ar $ara !% BarON ICE' NA ca%c+%a&(# c(n %(# r!#+%a&(# &! %a ,+!#ra $!r+ana. Ca&a +n( &! !%%(# i!n! &i*!r!n!# #igni*ica&(# ! in!r$r!aci(n!#. E% !rr(r !#án&ar &! %a ,!&ia !#i,a !% gra&( !n +! %a ,!&ia #! !#$!rar"a +! var"! !n ,+!#ra# &i*!r!n!# &!% ,i#,( a,a( !8ra"&a# &! %a ,i#,a $(=%aci-n. S+ va%(r &!$!n&! &!% a,a( &! %a ,+!#ra (=!ni&a g!n!ra%,!n! #(n ,+ $!+!(# c(,( (c+rr! c(n %(# &a(# &! %a a=%a /: %( +! r!v!%ar"a +! %a# n(r,a# #(n !#a=%!#. In&ica %a# *%+c+aci(n!# a%r!&!&(r &!% $+na6! (=!ni&( !n !% ICE' NA. P(r !6!,$%( !n %a !#ca%a In!r$!r#(na% !n !% gr+$( var(n!# &! 1; a 15 a(# c(n +n ;5 &! c(n*ian9a #! !#$!ra +! !% $+na6! (=!ni&( #! !nc+!nr! !n !% in!rva%(±:.: ( c(n +n 72 !nr! ±:.5: Ta=%a /: Err(r!# !#án&ar!# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a. Gr+$(# E#ca%a# &! E&a& 7a3 Inra$!r#(na% a(# In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%E#ré# C(ci!n!E,(ci(na%T(a% E#a&(&!ni,(!nG!n!ra%
?ar(n!# EE &! %a EE &! EE &! 0!&ia 0!&i&a E#i,aci-n :.1 ).7) /.) :.); /.3 .2) :.)2 /.13 .1 :.); /.52 .7: :./: /.5 2.:1 :.)5 ).;; /.;1
0+6!r!# EE &! %a EE &! EE &! 0!&ia 0!&i&a E#i,aci-n :.1 ).5; /.)/ :.); /.1 .:7 :.) /.1/ .:3 :.)3 /.5/ .55 :.)5 /.25 .;3 :.)3 ).;3 /.;1
1:a1) Inra$!r#(na% a(# In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%E#ré# C(ci!n!E,(ci(na%T(a% E#a&(&!ni,(!nG!n!ra%
:.1/ ).; :.) /.)/ :.)) ).33 :.)/ /./5 :.)3 /.1: :.)7 ).2/
).7) .17 /.;) ./1 .1/ /.2
:.12 ). :.) ).72 :.)) ).;; :.)3 /.): :.)7 /.17 :./: ).;
).72 /.52 /.3 .15 .)/ /./2
1/a(# a12 Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%E#ré# C(ci!n!E,(ci(na%T(a% E#a&(&!ni,(!nG!n!ra%
:.1:.)2 ).)).57 :.)/ ).2) :.) /.: :.)5 ).7; :.)7 )./1
).31/.5: /.// /.7 /.7 /.1;
:.1;:.)7 )./)).7: :.); ).2) :.)7 /.13 :./ /. :./; ).2;
).5)/.51 /./ .5: .2) /.21
1;a15 Inra$!r#(na% a(# In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%E#ré# C(ci!n!E,(ci(na%T(a% E#a&(&!ni,(!nG!n!ra%
:.)2 ).): :.: ).71 :./2 ).) :./7 ).57 :.5 /.:2 :.7 ).)5
).3 /.37 /.15 /.3; .:3 /.1/
:.)3 ).)3 :.1 ).71 :.: ).// :.1 /.:5 :.7 ).72 :.22 ).;
).5; /.5: .15 .;/ /.7 /.;:
)
E% !rr(r !#án&ar &! ,!&i&a =rin&a +na in&icaci-n &! c+án( $(&r"a variar !% $+na6! v!r&a&!r( &! +na $!r#(na #+$(ni!n&( +! #! %! a$%icara %a $r+!=a +n gran nH,!r( &! v!c!#. A#" !% r!#+%a&( +! (=!nga +na $!r#(na !n !% ICE' NA #!r"a +n r!*%!6( &! #+ &!#!,$!( v!r&a&!r( !n %a $r+!=a. P!r( !8i#! ci!r( nH,!r( &! *ac(r!# +! $(&r"an a%!rar %(# r!#+%a&(# $(r !6!,$%( #i %a $!r#(na ha !ni&( +na r!ci!n! grav! c(nrari!&a& *a,i%iar !#! h!ch( $+!&! in*%+ir !n %(# r!#+%a&(# &! %a !#ca%a In!r$!r#(na% !n !% gr+$( var(n!# &! 1; a 15 a(# !% +! #! !nc(nrará &!nr( &! 1 !rr(r !#án&ar ± ).71 $+n(#M &! #+ v!r&a&!r( $+na6! !n +n ;5 &! %a# v!c!# &!nr( &! ) !rr(r!# !#án&ar!# ± 2.5)M !n +n 72 . E% !rr(r !#án&ar &! !#i,aci-n $r!&icci-nM &a +na in&icaci-n &!% gra&( &! *%+c+aci-n +! #! !#$!rar"a !nr! %(# $+na6!# (rigina%!# &! %(# !8a,ina&(# %(# $+na6!# &!% r!!#. P(r !6!,$%( !% !rr(r !#án&ar &! !#i,aci-n $ara %a !#ca%a In!r$!r#(na% !n !% gr+$( var(n!# &! 1; a 15 a(# !# /.37. E#! va%(r #igni*icar"a +! #i +n gr+$( gran&! &! $!r#(na# *+!#! #(,!i&( a +n r!!# !% ;5 !n&r"a r!#+%a&(# +! #! !nc(nrar"an &!nr( &! +n !rr(r !#án&ar &! ± /.37M !% 72 &!nr( &! ) !rr(r!# !#án&ar!# ± 3.25M. A#" ,i#,( !n %a a=%a /1 #! $r!#!nan %(# !rr(r!# !#án&ar $ara %a *(r,a A=r!via&a &!% Inv!nari(. Ta=%a /1 Err(r!# !#án&ar!# &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a. Gr+$(# E#ca%a# &! E&a& 7a3 Inra$!r#(na% a(# In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%E#ré# C(ci!n!E,(ci(na%T(a%
?ar(n!# EE &! %a EE &! EE &! 0!&ia 0!&i&a E#i,aci-n :.1 ).7) /.) :.1; ).: /.:) :.13 )./: ).75 :.15 ).2/ /.)2 :./7 2./2 ;.7:
0+6!r!# EE &! %a EE &! EE &! 0!&ia 0!&i&a E#i,aci-n :.1 ).5; /.)/ :.1 )./; ).57 :.1; ).)3 ).71 :.17 ).2) /.)2 :./; 2.:7 ;.2)
1:a1) Inra$!r#(na% a(# In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%E#ré# C(ci!n!E,(ci(na%T(a%
:.1/ :.1 :.12 :.1; :./;
).; ).11 1.71 ).)5 .2/
).7) ).;; ).21 ).7: 2.72
:.12 :.1 :.12 :.15 :./7
). 1.77 1.52 ).:3 .2:
).72 ).2) ).1 ).3) 2.7)
1/a12 Inra$!r#(na% a(# In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%E#ré# C(ci!n!E,(ci(na%T(a%
:.1 :.1 :.12 :.1; :./2
).) 1.77 1.3) 1.73 .)/
).31 ).2: ).)3 ).2; 2.2)
:.1; :.1; :.15 :.17 :.1
)./) 1.73 1.52 1.7; .):
).5) ).7 ).) ).23 2.2/
1;a15 Inra$!r#(na% a(# In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%E#ré# C(ci!n!E,(ci(na%T(a%
:.)2 :.)/ :.) :.) :.;/
).): ).:: 1.31 1.52 .1:
).3 ).21 ).)2 )./7 2.2
:.)3 :.)) :.)5 :.)5 :.;1
).)3 1.25 1.;/ ).1 /.31
).5; ).:3 ).17 ).3; .7;
La va%i&aci-n &!% BarOn ICE' NA F(r,a# C(,$ %!a A=r!via&a #! $r!#!na !n !% 0an+a% Origina% &!% inv!nari( Bar@On ParQ!r ):::M. S! !#a=%!ci- !n $ri,!r %+gar %a !#r+c+ra *ac(ria% &! %(# : "!,# &! %a# !#ca%a# Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% 0an!6( &!% E#ré# A&a$a=i%i&a& ,!&ian! +n aná%i#i# *ac(ria% !8$%(ra(ri( !n +na ,+!#ra n(r,aiva &! ni(# a&(%!#c!n!# &! &i*!r!n!# gr+$(# racia%!# !n %(# E#a&(# Uni&(# &! N(r!a,érica N 713)M. S! +i%i9- +n aná%i#i# &! c(,$(n!n!# $rinci$a%!# c(n +na r(aci-n ?ari,a8. L(# *ac(r!# !,$"ric(# ha%%a&(# c(rr!#$(n&"an c!rcana,!n! a %a# c+ar( !#ca%a# &!% inv!nari( +! *+!r(n &!#arr(%%a&a# $ara !va%+ar %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. Ca#i %(# : "!,# carga=an $(r %( ,!n(# &! ,(&( ,(&!ra&( !n #+ *ac(r c(rr!#$(n&i!n! !n"an ,+ =a6(# $!#(# !n %(# (r(# r!# *ac(r!#. La *(r,a a=r!via&a &!% inv!nari( $r!#!n- +na #(%+ci-n #i,i%ar. La# in!rc(rr!%aci(n!# &! %a# &i*!r!n!# E#ca%a# $ara %a# v!r#i(n!# an( C(,$%!a c(,( A=r!via&a &! %a v!r#i-n n(r!a,!ricana &!% inv!nari( $r!#!nan c(rr!%aci(n!# &!#&! =a6a# a ,(&!ra&a# %( +! =rin&a a$(( a% carác!r ,+%i&i,!n#i(na% &!% inv!nari( +! r!v!%ar"a +! ,i&! &i*!r!n!# a#$!c(# &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. La# in!rc(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! %a# !#ca%a# c(rr!#$(n&i!n!# &!% inv!nari( &! %a# *(r,a# C(,$%!a A=r!via&a ,+!#ran +na a%a c(ngr+!ncia. P(r !6!,$%( !n %a E#ca%a In!r$!r#(na% &! %a v!r#i-n C(,$%!a c(n %a ,i#,a !#ca%a &! %a v!r#i-n A=r!via&a an( !n var(n!# c(,( !n ,+6!r!# %a c(rr!%aci-n !8i#!n! *+! &! .7). A#" ,i#,( Bar@On ParQ!r )::: in*(r,an !n !% 0an+a% Técnic( (r(# !#+&i(# r!%aiv(# a %a va%i&aci-n &!% inv!nari( c(n (ra# ,!&ici(n!# &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% &! %a $!r#(na%i&a& (r(# in#r+,!n(# +! !va%Han c(n&+ca# $r(=%!,áica# %(# r!#+%a&(# &!,+!#ran +! %a# !#ca%a# &!% inv!nari( &! BarOn E@i' 4? i&!ni*ican %a# carac!r"#ica# c!nra%!# &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% !n ni(#. En !% ca#( &! %a ,+!#ra n(r,aiva $!r+ana %a va%i&aci-n &!% BarOn ICE' NA #! ha c!nra%i9a&( !n &(# a#+n(# i,$(ran!#' 1M %a va%i&!9 &! c(n#r+c( &!% inv!nari( )M %a ,+%i&i,!n#i(na%i&a& &! %a &iv!r#a# !#ca%a#. A+n+! %a va%i&!9 &! c+a%+i!r ,!&i&a !# +n $r(c!#( c(nin+( #! $+!&! #(#!n!r +! !#! inv!nari( i!n! #+*ici!n! va%i&!9 &! c(n#r+c( +! garani9a #+ $+=%icaci-n r!c(,!n&aci-n $ara +#( c%"nic(.
&! varian9a !8$%ica&a $ara ca&a +n( &! %(# *ac(r!# &! !#! aná%i#i# *ac(ria% !8$%(ra(ri( $ara %a ,+!#ra (a% %a# #+=,+!#ra# #!gHn #!8( g!#i-n an( $ara %a *(r,a C(,$%!a c(,( $ara %a A=r!via&a. La# *ig+ra# 1 ) r!$r!#!nan %a# varian9a# !8$%ica&a# $ara ca&a *ac(r. L(# c+ar( *ac(r!# !,$"ric(# +! #+rgi!r(n &! !#! aná%i#i# c(rr!#$(n&!n a %a# c+ar( !#ca%a# &!% BarOn ICE' NA +! *+!r(n &!#arr(%%a&a# $ara ,!&ir %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% c(inci&i!n&( !n gran ,!&i&a %(# *ac(r!# !nc(nra&(# !n %a ,+!#ra (a% $!r+ana c(,( !n %a# #+=,+!#ra# #!gHn #!8( g!#i-n c(n %a #(%+ci-n *ac(ria% ha%%a&a !n %a inv!#igaci-n n(r!a,!ricana. Ta=%a /) Í!,# ana%i9a&(# *ac(ria%,!n! ) S( ,+ =+!n( aM $ara c(,$r!n&!r c(,( %a g!n! #! #i!n! / P+!&( ,an!n!r %a ca%,a c+an&( !#( ,(%!#( 2 0! i,$(ra %( +! %!# #+c!&! a %a# $!r#(na# ; 0! !# &i*"ci% c(nr(%ar ,i c-%!ra 3 E# *áci% &!cir%! a %a g!n! c-,( ,! #i!n( 1: Sé c-,( #! #i!n!n %a# $!r#(na# 11 Sé c(,( ,an!n!r ,! ran+i%( 1) In!n( +#ar &i*!r!n!# *(r,a# &! r!#$(n&!r %a# $r!g+na# &i*"ci%!# 1 S( ca$a9 &! r!#$!ar a %(# &!,á# 12 0! ,(%!#( &!,a#ia&( &! c+a%+i!r c(#a 1; E# *áci% $ara ,i c(,$ r!n&!r %a# c(#a# n+!va# 13 P+!&( ha=%ar *áci%,!n! #(=r! ,i# #!ni,i!n(# ): T!n!r a,ig(# !# i,$(ran! )1 P!%!( c(n %a g!n! )) P+!&( c(,$r!n&!r $r!g+na# &i*"ci%!# ) In!n( n( h!rir %(# #!ni,i!n(# &! %a# $!r#(na#
/2 0! ,(%!#( *áci%,!n! /; 0! agra&a hac!r %a# c(#a# $ara %(# &!,á# /5 P+!&( +#ar *áci%,!n! &iv!r#(# ,(&(# &! r!#(%v!r %(# $r(=%!,a# /7 D!,(r( !n ,(%!#ar,! 1
)2 ha#a N( ,! $(r v!nci&( aM an! +n $r(=%!,a +!&( %( r!#+!%v( ); T!ng( ,a% g!ni( )5 E# &i*"ci% ha=%ar #(=r! ,i# #!ni,i!n(# ,á# "ni,(# /: P+!&( &ar =+!na# r!#$+!#a# a $r!g+na# &i*"ci%!# /1 P+!&( *áci%,!n! &!#cri=ir ,i# #!ni,i!n(# / P+!&( !n!r ,+cha# ,an!ra# &! r!#$(n&!r +na $r!g+na &i*"ci% c+an&( ( +i!r(
#!ni,i!n(# 2 0! &i#g+#( *áci%,!n! 22 P+!&( &ar,! c+!na c+an&( ,i a,ig( #! #i!n! ri#! 23 AHn c+an&( %a# c(#a# #!an &i*"ci%!# n( ,! &( $(r v!nci&( 25 C+an&( ,! ,(%!#( acH( #in $!n#ar 27 Sé c+an&( %a g!n! !#á ,(%!#a aHn c+an&( n( &ic!n na&a
Para %a ,+!#ra (a% !n %a ?!r#i-n C(,$%!a a=%a //M #! ha%%ar(n c(,( *ac(r!# ,á# i,$(ran!# %a !#ca%a &! a&a$a=i%i&a& #!g+i&( &!% ,an!6( &!% !#ré# &!% in!r$!r#(na% !% ,á# =a6( %a !#ca%a inra$!r#(na%. En %a #+=,+!#ra &! var(n!# !% *ac(r ,á# r!%!van! !# !% &! a&a$a=i%i&a& %(# &!,á# *ac(r!# #(n #i,i%ar!# a% &! %a ,+!#ra (a%. En !% gr+$( &! ,+6!r!# %(# *ac(r!# in!r$!r#(na% a&a$a=i%i&a& ,an!6( &!% !#ré# i!n! +na varian9a !8$%ica&a #!,!6an! #i!n&( a,=ién ,+ =a6( !% inra$!r#(na%. En %a #+=,+!#ra &! !#aa%!# &!#aca !% *ac(r a&a$a=i%i&a& #!g+i&( &!% ,an!6( &!% !#ré# !% in!r$!r#(na% !% ,á# !% inra$!r#(na% !n,á# %(# $aric+%ar!# %(# *ac(r!# ,an!6( &!% !#ré# !%=a6( &! !# a&a$a=i%i&a& #(n %(# !%!va&(# %+!g( %! #ig+!&!%!% in!r$!r#(na% $(r H%i,( !% inra$!r#(na%. Para %a ,+!#ra (a% !n %a v!r#i-n A=r!via&a a=%a /M &!#aca !% *ac(r &! a&a$a=i%i&a& #!g+i&( &!% ,an!6( &!% !#ré# !% inra$!r#(na% !% in!r$!r#(na%. En %a# #+=,+!#ra# &! var(n!# ,+6!r!# !#aa%!# $aric+%ar!# %(# *ac(r!# #! $r!#!nan !n !% ,i#,( #!ni&( +! !n %a ,+!#ra (a%.
/
Ta=%a // P!#(# &! %(# "!,# !n !% Aná%i#i# Fac(ria% E8$%(ra(ri( *ac(r!# r(a&(#M &!% BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a $ara %a ,+!#ra (a% N //3M #!8( var(n!# 137/ ,+6!r!# 1251M g!#i-n !#aa% 1525 $aric+%ar 121;M 0+!#ra (a% Fac(r1 .;/ .;:2 .;:
I!,# /: /5 / )) 5 1) )2 23 1; 11 /7
.273 .232 .2 ./5 .15 ./7 ./)5 .); .):)
Eig!nva%+! /.)1 &! ?arian9a 5.:/ I!,# /2 2 ); 25 ; 12 )1 7 / 2/ ;
Fac(r) .;; .;22 .23: .2;7 .2) .2): .7; ./3 .);: .);: .)/:
S!8( I!,# /5 /: /
?ar(n!# Fac(r1 .;1 .;1/ .25;
5 )) )2 23 1) 1 1; 21
.23/ .2)3 .35 .;7 .;; ./37 ./;) ./2 ./1;
Eig!nva%+! /.) &! ?arian9a 5.2; I!,# /2 2 25 ); ; 12 )1 7 ; 2/
Fac(r) .;25 .; .2; .2;: .2;: .73 .;3 .)5 .)7/ .)5)
Eig!nva%+! ).7) &! ?arian9a 3./:
Eig!nva%+! ).53 &! ?arian9a 3.15
I!,# 2 22 2 /; 27 21 ): ) 1: ) 1 1
I!,# Fac(r/ 2 .;:1 .2:7 2 22 .2:3 27 .;3 /; .7 ) ./5 ) .1 1: .:5 ): .//2 @./); )5 1 .)7/ .)5: 11 /7 .);7 / .)/1 Eig!nva%+! ).51 &! ?arian9a 3.:/
Fac(r/ .27: .22; .2/5 .2: .; .7 .)7 .1: ./77 ./3) ./21 ./2
Eig!nva%+! ).55 &! ?arian9a 3.): I!,# 13 / /1 3
Fac(r .3:3 .;;3 .;/; .253
)5
@.)32
Eig!nva%+! ).)1 &! ?arian9a 2.2)
I!,# 13 / /1 3
Fac(r .3:) .;7 .;2 .25/
Eig!nva%+! ).1: &! ?arian9a 2.)
G!#i -n I!,# /2 2 25
0+6!r!# Fac(r 1 .;;3 .;;; .237
); 12 )1 ; 7 / 11 2/
.237 .2) .2/1 .2)3 .; ./13 .);3 .))
Eig!nva%+! /.:) &! ?arian9a 3.22 I!,# Fac(r) 2 .23/ 22 .227 2 .7; ): .71 /; .5) 21 .31 1: .); 27 .) 1 ./77 ) ./73 ) ./5 23 ./15 1 ./1 Eig!nva%+! ).73 &! ?arian9a 3.) I!,# /: )) / /5 5 1) )2
Fac(r/ .;/3 .;:7 .277 .25: .2/5 .32 .// ./;)
Eig!nva%+! ).7 &! ?arian9a 3./ I!,# 13 / /1 3
Fac(r .;7: .;5 .;/ .;::
1; ./:) /7 .))2 ; @.)1; )5 @.):/ Eig!nva%+! )./; &! ?arian9a 2.71
E8raci(n 0!h(&' Princi$a% C (,$(n!n Ana%#i#. R(ai(n 0!h(&' ?ari,a8 Jih Kai#!r N(r,a%i9ai(n. R(ai(n c(nv!rg!& in ; i!rai(n#.
/
I!,# /: )) /
E#aa% Fac(r1 .;/ .277 .2;;
/5 .223 .22 5 23 ./57 ./5/ )2 ./; 1) ./2/ .)52 / 1; .)35 .);: 11 /7 .):5 Eig!nva%+! ) .52 &! ?arian9a 3.1/ I!,# /2 2 25 ); ; 12 )1 7 ;
Fac(r) .;7 .;/; .22 .2/7 .2) .2:/ .;/ ./3: .1;/
Eig!nva%+! ) .;3 &! ?arian9a ;.;3 I!,# 2 22 2 21 /; 27 ): ) 1 1 1: )
Fac(r/ .255 .2/1 .212 .7 .;3 .// .) ./3 .//; ./1/ ./: .)27
Eig!nva%+! ) .;: &! ?arian9a 7.7 I!,# 13 / 3 /1
Fac(r .;21 .;7 .2) .2/)
)5 2/
@./;5 @./:2
Eig!nva%+! ).: &! ?arian9a 2.11
I!,# /2 2 );
Paric+%ar Fac(r1 .;5; .;33 .;:3
25 ; 12 )1 7 2/ ; )5
.257 .2;5 .2/3 .2/; .71 ./)1 ./:/ .):
Eig!nva%+! /.)7 &! ?arian9a 5.)1 I!,# /: /5 / 5 )) 1) )2 23 1; 11 /7
Fac(r) .;/3 .;)/ .;:7 .2;2 .2;: .21: .32 .21 ./52 ./) .); .15
Eig!nva%+! /.): &! ?arian9a ;.7) I!,# 2 22 2 /; 27 1: ) 1 ) ): 1 21
Fac(r/ .;:7 .227 .2/; .21: .31 .21 .:1 ./75 ./71 ./21 ./15 ./13
Eig!nva%+! ).33 &! ?arian9a ;.7) I!,# 13 /1 / 3
Fac(r .3/2 .3)/ .;2: .;17
/
.)7
Eig!nva%+! ).1 &! ?arian9a ;.:/
Ta=%a / P!#(# &! %(# "!,# !n !% Aná%i#i# Fac(ria% E8$%(ra(ri( *ac(r!# r(a&(#M &!% BarOn ICE' NA F(r,a A=r!via&a $ara %a ,+!#ra (a% N //3M #!8( var(n!# 137/ ,+6!r!# 1251M g!#i-n !#aa% 1525 $aric+%ar 121;M. 0+!#ra T(a% Fac(r1 .;5; .;7 .;) .;)7 .;1) .25
S!8( ?ar(n!# I!,# Fac(r1 /5 .;23 /: .;2 5 .;)2 )) .;:3 / .;:: .71 1) .) 1; ./25 Eig!nva%+! ).55
Í!,# /: )) /5 5 /
Eig!nva%+!
/.;2
&! ?arian9a 12.) I!,# /2 2 ); 25 12 )1 2/
I!,# /2 2 ); 25 12 )1 2/
Eig!nva%+! ).2 &! ?arian9a 1:.) I!,# 13 / /1 3 )5
Fac(r ) .3:5 .;/ .;:) .22; .2; .2:3 .);5
I!,# 13 / /1 3
Eig!nva%+! 1.2/ &! ?arian9a ;./
I!,# 13 / /1 3 1;
Fac(r / .3)1 .3:: .;3/ .;)) .)7/
Eig!nva%+! ).1 &! ?arian9a 5.)
I!,# Fac(r 2 .;32 2 .25 /; .2): 22 .2): 27 .2:; )5 @.//; 1 .)5; Eig!nva%+! 1.73 &! ?arian9a 3 .;
I!,# 2 22 /; 2 27 1
E#aa% I!,# Fac(r1 /: .;32 )) .;;1 5 .27) /5 .252 / .2;7 1) .1/ ./57 1; .);: Eig!nva%+! ).;
Paric+%ar Fac(r1 /: .;21 /5 .;21 / .;)7 )) .;1: 5 .255 1) .2:2 .2:1 1; ./23 Eig!nva%+! /.)7
I!,#
&! ?arian9a 7.2
I!,# Fac(r ) /2 .;57 2 .;3 ); .;/2 25 .25 12 .25/ )1 .22 2/ .); )5 .):/ Eig!nva%+! ).21 &! ?arian9a 7.;
Fac(r / .313 .;33 .;;7 .;:3
Eig!nva%+! ).51 &! ?arian9a 3.:/
I!,# Fac(r 2 .;;; 2 .233 .2;; 22 2 .2;) /; .72 27 ./5/ 1 Eig!nva%+! 1./2 &! ?arian9a 2 .;
).;5
&! ?arian9a 1:./
Eig!nva%+! )./; &! ?arian9a 7.1
Fac(r / .3); .;7/ .;31 .;17 @.)2/
0+6!r!# Fac(r1 .;2: .;5 .;1; .277 .235 .2:2 .21
Eig!nva%+!
&! ?arian9a 11.1
Fac(r ) .3:) .;25 .;15 .23: .2;/ .2) .)31
G!#i-n
I!,# /: )) / /5 5 1)
I!,# /2 2 ); 25 12 )1
I!,# /2 2 ); 12 25 )1 2/
Eig!nva%+! ).) &! ?arian9a 5.;
I!,# 2 22 2 27 /; 1
Fac(r .;;: .251 .2)7 .7: .53 ./
Eig!nva%+! 1.7) &! ?arian9a 3.
Fac(r ) .3)7 .;5/ .;2) .257 .232 .225 .//7
Eig!nva%+! ).5) &! ?arian9a 1:.7
I!,# Fac(r / / .;5: 13 .;3) /1 .25: 3 .2;1 )5 @./2) 2/ @.)53 Eig!nva%+! 1.72 &! ?arian9a 3.2
Fac(r .;;; .;:; .2/ .2): ./3 ./;3
Eig!nva%+! 1.7; &! ?arian9a 3.2)
&! ?arian9a 5.)1
Fac(r ) .;5: .;)7 .27: .225 .21 .75
I!,# /1 13 / 3
Fac(r / .32; .322 .;7/ .;5
Eig!nva%+! ).;3 &! ?arian9a 1:./ I!,# 2 /; 2 22 27 1 )5 Eig!nva%+! &! ?arian9a 3.7
Fac(r .;;/ .;:1 .232 .2;/ .7: ./51 @.)51 ).:;
E8raci(n 0!h(&' Princi$a% C (,$(n!n Ana%#i#. R(ai(n 0!h(&' ?ari,a8 Jih Kai#!r N(r,a%i9ai(n. R(ai(n c(nv!rg!& in 2 (r ; i!rai(n#.
Figura 1. R!$r!#!naci-n &! %a# varian9a# !8$%ica&a# !n ca&a *ac(r &!% BarOn ICE' NA ?!r#i-n C(,$%!a $ara %a ,+!#ra (a% #+=,+!#ra#.
B
>.8
>.
>
9.
9.2
9.
9.3 9.2 9.8
9.
9 8
7.7
9.1 8.7
7. 7.
8.
8.9
>. >.
8. INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL ADAPTABILIDAD 0ANEO DEL ESTRS
7.1
7 3 2 1 C 0UESTRA TOTAL
?ARONES
0UERES
ESTATALES
/
PARTICULARES
Figura . R!$r!#!naci-n &! %a# varian9a# !8$%ica&a# !n ca&a *ac(r &!% BarOn ICE' NA ?!r#i-n A=r!via&a $ara %a ,+!#ra (a% #+=,+!#ra#.
17.
18 13 1
11.1
1.
.1
1 > 8
9.99.8
1. 1.2 .7 >.8 >.3 9. 9.79.3
1.2 .9 >. 9.7
8.3 7.8
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL ADAPTABILIDAD 0ANEO DEL ESTRS
3 C 0UESTRA TOTAL
?ARONES
0UERES
ESTATALES
PARTICULARES
I#ter'rrelai'#es de las esalas del BarO# ICE& NA La# in!rc(rr!%aci(n!# &! %a# &i*!r!n!# !#ca%a# &!% Inv!nari( =rin&an +n #($(r! a&ici(na% a *av(r &! %a ,+%i&i,!n#i(na%i&a& &!% in#r+,!n(. La# a=%a# /2 /; /3 /5 $r!#!nan %a# in!rc(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! %a# !#ca%a# $ara %a *(r,a C(,$%!a A=r!via&a #!$ara&a,!n! $(r #!8( g!#i-n. L(# &a(# $ara a,=a# a=%a# !#+vi!r(n =a#a&(# !n %a ,+!#ra n(r,aiva an!ri(r,!n! &!#cria Ca$"+%( 1M. Da&( +! !% in#r+,!n( ,i&! &i#in(# a#$!c(# &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% %a# c(rr!%aci(n!# *+!r(n &! =a6a# a ,(&!ra&a# !nr! %a# &i*!r!n!# !#ca%a#' inra$!r#(na% in!r$!r#(na% ,an!6( &!% !#ré# a&a$a=i%i&a&. Ta=%a /2 Ta=%a /; In!rc(rr!%aci(n!# &! %a# !#ca%a# BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a In!rc(rr!%aci(n!# &! %a# !#ca%a# BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a$(r#!8(. A=r!via&a$(r#!8(. E#ca%a#
1
)
/
2
;
E#ca%a#
1.Inra$!r#(na% .))[[ .)2[[ .:7[[ .;)[[ .)/[[ ).In!r$!r#(na% .))[[ .2[[ .12[[ .3/[[ .27[[ /.A&a$a=i%i&a& .)[[ .2)[[ .1:[[ .3[[ .23[[ .0an!6(&!%E#ré# .:5[[ .12[[ .:5[[ .7[[ .);[[ 2.CET(a% .;/[[ .3)[[ .3)[[ .7[[ .;[[ ;. E#a&( &! A. G. .);[[ .2)[[ .21[[ .):[[ .25[[ N(a' ?ar(n!# n 137/M !# án arri=a &! %a &iag(na% %a# 0+6!r!# n 1251M !#án &!=a6( &! %a &iag(na%. CE T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a% E#a&( &! A. G. E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra%M. [[$ < .:1
1.Inra$!r#(na% ).In!r$!r#(na% /.A&a$a=i%i&a& .0an!6(&!%E#ré# 2.C.E.T(a%
1 .1;[[ .)1[[ .:2 .23[[
)
/
.1;[[
.)2[[ ./[[
.:;[ .:3[ .:)
./3[[ .:5[[ .:) .;[[ .;;[[
2 .23[[ .;;[[ .31[[ .2:[[
.2/[[
N(a' ?ar(n!# n 137/M !#án arri=a &! %a &iag(na% %a# 0+6!r!# n 1251M !#án &!=a6( &! %a &iag(na%. CE T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a%M. [[$ < .:1 [$ < .:2
Ta=%a /3 Ta=%a /5 In!rc(rr!%aci(n!# &! %a# !#ca%a# BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a In!rc(rr!%aci(n!# &! %a# !#ca%a# BarOn ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a$(rg!#i-n. E#ca%a#
A=r!via&a$(rg!#i-n. 1
)
/
2
;
E#ca%a#
1.Inra$!r#(na% .13[[ .)1[[ .:;[[ .27[[ .):[[ ).In!r$!r#(na% .)/[[ .5[[ .11[[ .3:[[ .2)[[ /.A&a$a=i%i&a& .);[[ .1[[ .:;[[ .3)[[ .21[[ . 0an!6( &!% E#ré# .:7[[ .12[[ .:3[[ .3[[ .17[[ 2.CET(a% .;5[[ .;;[[ .;3[[ .2)[[ .23[[ .;[[ .)3[[ .2;[[ ;. E#a&( &! A. G. .)7[[ .[[ N(a' E#aa% n 1525M !#án arri=a &! %a &iag(na% %a# Paric+%ar n 121;M !#án &!=a6( &! %a &iag(na%. CE T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a% E#a&( &! A. G. E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra%M. [[$ < .:1
1.Inra$!r#(na% ).In!r$!r#(na% /.A&a$a=i%i&a& .0an!6( &!%E#ré# 2.CET(a%
1
)
/
.11[[ .17[[ .:2[ .13[[ ./3[[ .:2[ .);[[ ./:[[ .:) .:2 .:3[[ .:1 .;1[[ .;:[[ .;/[[ .2[[
2 .2/[[ .;[[ .;5[[ .21[[
N(a' E#aa% n 1525M !#án arri=a &! %a &iag(na% %a# Paric+%ar n 121;M !#án &!=a6( &! %a &iag(na%. CE T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a%M. [[$ < .:1 [$ < .:2
/
C'rrelai'#es e#tre las ('r)as C')%leta + Abre/iada La# a=%a# /7 : $r!#!nan %a# c(rr!%aci(n!# !nr!%a# v!r#i(n!# C(,$%!a A=r!via&a &!% BarOn ICE' NA #!gHn #!8( g!#i-n r!#$!civa,!n! =a#án&(#! !n %a ,+!#ra n(r,aiva. Ta=%a /7 C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! %a# *(r,a# C(,$%!a A=r!via&a &!% BarOn ICE' NA #!gHn !% #!8(. BarOn ICE' NA F(r,a C(,$%!a ?ar(n!# N 137/M Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%E#ré# CET(a% E#a&( &! A. G.
BarOn ICE' NAF(r,aA=r!via&a Inra.
In!r. A&a$.
.1;[[ 1.::[[ .))[[ .53[[ .)2[[ .;[[ .:5[[ .1[[ .;)[[ .;)[[ .)/[[ .7[[
.)2[[ .2:[[ .71[[ .11[[ .3:[[ .2[[
E#ré# .:;[[ .:3[[ .:)[[ .57[[ ./3[[ .15[[
T(a% .23[[ .;3[[ .;3[[ .2/[[ .7[[ .27[[
Ta=%a : C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! %a# *(r,a# C(,$%!a A=r!via&a &!% BarOn ICE' NA #!gHn %a g!#i-n. BarOn ICE' NA F(r,a C(,$%!a E#aa% N 1525M Inra$!r#(na% In!r$!r#(na% A&a$a=i%i&a& 0an!6(&!%E#ré# CET(a% E#a&(&!A.G.
BarOn ICE' NA &! A=r!via&a Inra. In!r.
A&a$. E#ré#
T(a%
.2/[[ 1.::[[ .11[[ .17[[ .:2[ .13[[ .5;[[ ./[[ .:2[ .;/[[ .)1[[ .:[[ .57[[ @.:: .;[[ .:;[[ .1:[[ .:7[[ .53[[ .21[[ .27[[ .27[[ .;;[[ ./;[[ .7/[[ .2/[[ .):[[ ./[[ .2:[[ .1)[[
0+6!r!# N 1251M Paric+%ar N 121;M Inra$!r#(na% 1.::[[ .1;[[ .)1[[ .:2 .23[[ Inra$!r#(na% 1.::[[ .13[[ .);[[ .:2 .;1[[ In!r$!r#(na% .))[[ .5;[[ .;[[ .:7[[ .;2[[ In!r$!r#(na% .)/[[ .55[[ ./3[[ .:7[ .;)[[ A&a$a=i%i&a& .)[[ .)[[ .71[[ @.:: .;[[ A&a$a=i%i&a& .);[[ ./[[ .7)[[ @.:1 .;:[[ .7:[[ .2;[[ 0an!6(&!%E#ré# .:5[[ .1)[[ .1:[[ .57[[ .2[[ 0an!6(&!%E#ré# .:7[[ .11[[ .:7[[ CET(a% .;/[[ .27[[ .;;[[ ./7[[ .7[[ CET(a% .;5[[ .2[[ .;/[[ .1[[ .72[[ E#a&( &! A. G. .);[[ ./[[ .21[[ .12[[ .2;[[ E#a&( &! A. G. .)7[[ ./5[[ ./[[ .)1[[ .2[[ N(a' Inra. In!r$!r#(na% In!r.. In!r$!r#(na% A&a$. N(a' Inra. In!r$!r#(na% In!r.. In!r$!r#(na% A&a$. A&a$a=i%i&a& E#ré# 0an!6( &!% E#ré# T(a% C(ci!n! A&a$a=i%i&a& E#ré# 0an!6( &!% E#ré# T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a% E#a&( &! A. G. E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra% CE E,(ci(na% (a% E#a&( &! A. G. E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra% T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a% CE T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a%. [[$ < .:1 [[$ < .:1 [$ < .:2
La# c(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! %a# !#ca%a# #i,i%ar!# &! %a# &(# *(r,a# #(n ,+ !%!va&a# $(r !6!,$%( %a !#ca%a!# ,an!6( &!%an( !#ré# &!!%%agr+$( *(r,a &! C(,$%!a !% ,an!6( &! %a *(r,a A=r!via&a &! .57 $ara var(n!#c(n c(,( $ara !% &!% &! !#ré# %a# ,+6!r!#. La# c(rr!%aci(n!# &! ca&a +na &! %a# !#ca%a# c(n !% c(ci!n! !,(ci(na% (a% va &!#&! =a6a ./3 a !%!va&a .7 $!r( (&a# !%%a# #(n #igni*icaiva# a% +n( $(r ci!n(. E% !#a&( &! áni,( g!n!ra% !# +n *ac(r ,(ivaci(na% ,+ i,$(ran! c(rr!%aci(na ,(&!ra&a,!n! c(n !% c(ci!n! !,(ci(na% g!n!ra% an( !n var(n!# c(,( ,+6!r!# !n c(%!gi(# !#aa%!# $aric+%ar!#. Otras e/ide#ias de
Ta=%a 1 Ta=%a ) C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! !% BarON ICE' NA F(r,a C(,$%!a C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! !% BarON ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a !I I@CE &! BarOn $ara A&+%(# !n !#+&ian!# +niv!r#iari(#. !% I@CE &! BarOn $ara A&+%(# !n !#+&ian!# +niv!r#iari(# I@CE &! BarOn BarOnICE'NA@C(,$%!a I@CE&!BarOn $ara A&+%(# $ara A&+%(# Inra. In!r. A&a$. E#ré# T(a% ni,( Inra. ?ar(n!# N 15M ?ar(n!# N 15M Inra$!r#(na% .35[[ .2 .35[[ .;[[ .5/[[ .)5 Inra$!r#(na% .37[[ .13 ./; ./ In!r$!r#(na% .)3 ./2 ./: In!r$!r#(na% .)3 A&a$a=i%i&a& .5:[[ .3[[ .3)[[ .2;[[ .37[[ .11 A&a$a=i%i&a& .5:[[ 0an!6(&!%E#ré# .3)[[ .; .;;[[ .2 .3)[[ @.1: 0an!6(&!%E#ré# .3)[[ CET(a% .5[[ .25[[ .51[[ .;:[[ .57[[ .)5 CET(a% .5[[ .)) .)7 ./ E#a&(&!A.G. .)) .)/ .)/ E#a&(&!A.G. .)) 0+6!r!# N 27M Inra$!r#(na% .2)[[ .2;[[ .2;[[ .[[ .3)[[ .[[ In!r$!r#(na% .1/ .:/ .15 .)5[ .)3 ./[[ A&a$a=i%i&a& .5[[ .22[[ .23[[ ./:[ .;;[[ .2:[[ .)) 0an!6( &!% E#ré# ./[[ ./7[[ .1[[ .2:[[ .27[[ CET(a% .21[[ .2)[[ .25[[ .;1[[ .37[[ .27[[ E#a&( &! A. G. .11 .1: @.:) .23[[ .)7[ .)3[ N(a' Inra. In!r$!r#(na% In!r.. In!r$!r#(na% A&a$. A&a$a=i%i&a& E#ré# 0an!6( &!% E#ré# T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a% Ani,( E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra% CE T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a%. [[$ < .:1 [$ < .:2
BarOn ICE' NA @ A=r!via&a In!r.
A&a$. E#ré#
T(a%
.12 .;7[[ .2 .5)[[ ./; .1 .11 .1: .17 .;7[[ .: .51[[ .11 .2/[ ./3 .31[[ ./; .;3[[ . .7:[[ ./; .25[ .)5 .1)
0+6!r!# N ;:M Inra$!r#(na% .2)[[ .:[[ .2;[[ ./5[[ .3[[ In!r$!r#(na% .1/ .2:[[ .1 .): .)5[ .;;[[ A&a$a=i%i&a& .5[[ .//[ .[[ .)3[ 0an!6(&!%E#ré# ./[[ .)3[ .//[[ ./[[ .2;[[ CET(a% .21[[ .;1[[ .5[[ .21[[ .5:[[ E#a&( &! A. G. .11: .3[[ @.1) .5[[ .)5[ N(a' Inra. In!r$!r#(na% In!r.. In!r$!r#(na% A&a$. A&a$a=i%i&a& E#ré# 0an!6( &!% E#ré# T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a% Ani,( E#a&( &! ni,( G!n!ra% CE T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a%. [[$ < .:1 [$ < .:2
La a=%a# / r!v!%an %a va%i&!9 &iv!rg!n! &! %a ,!&ici-n &!% c(n#r+c( in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% c(n !% &! &!$r!#i-n. En %a a=%a / an( !n var(n!# c(,( !n ,+6!r!# !8i#! +na c(rr!%aci-n inv!r#a #igni*icaiva @./; @.3: r!#$!civa,!n!M !nr! !% $+na6! (a% &! &!$r!#i-n !% &! !#a&( &! áni,( g!n!ra% a&!,á# !8i#! +na c(rr!%aci-n n!gaiva #igni*icaiva !nr! &!$r!#i-n a&a$a=i%i&a& @.)M !n !% gr+$( &! ,+6!r!#. En %a a=%a #-%( !# #igni*icaiva %a c(rr!%aci-n !nr! !% $+na6! (a% &! %a &!$r!#i-n !% ,an!6( &!% !#ré# !n !% gr+$( &! var(n!# ./2M %( +! !8$r!#ar"a +! a ,a(r &!$r!#i-n ,a(r &i*ic+%a& $ara !% ,an!6( &!% !#ré#. Ta=%a / C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! !% BarON ICE' NA @ F(r,a C(,$%!a !% Inv!nari( &! D!$r!#i-n &! R!n(%&# $ara A&(%!#c!n!# &! +n C!nr( E&+caiv( E#aa% E#aa% &! ?ia A%a.
D!$r!#i-n ?ar(n!# N /;M PT D!$r!#i-n
Ta=%a C(rr!%aci(n!# !nr! !% BarON ICE' NA @ F(r,a A=r!via&a !% Inv!nari( &! D!$r!#i-n &! R!n(%&# $ara A&(%!#c!n!# &! +n C!nr( E&+caiv( E#aa% &! ?ia A%a
BarOnICE'NA@C(,$%!a
D!$r!#i-n
Inra. In!r. A&a$. E#ré# T(a% ni,( @.:) @.11 @.)7 ./) @.:2 @./;[
0+6!r!# N ;M PT D!$r!#i-n @.12 @.)5 @.)[[ .1 @.); @.3:[[ N(a' Inra. In!r$!r#(na% In!r.. In!r$!r#(na% A&a$. A&a$a=i%i&a& E#ré# 0an!6( &!% E#ré# T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a% PT P+na6! T(a% &! D!$r!#i-n. [[$ < .:1 [$ < .:2
?ar(n!#N/;M PT D!$r!#i-n
BarOn ICE' NA@A=r!via&a Inra. @.:)
In!r. .:
A&a$. E#ré# @./1 ./2[
T(a% .:)
0+6!r!# N ;M @.12 @.11 @.)5 .) @.1: PT D!$r!#i-n N(a' Inra. In!r$!r#(na% In!r.. In!r$!r#(na% A&a$. A&a$a=i%i&a& E#ré# 0an!6( &!% E#ré# T(a% C(ci!n! E,(ci(na% T(a% PT P+na6! T(a% &! D!$r!#i-n. [$ < .:2
CO,ENTARIOS FINALES E#! ,an+a% =rin&a %a a&a$aci-n !#an&ari9aci-n &!% BarON ICE@NA *(r,a C(,$%!a A=r!via&a $ara n+!#r( ,!&i( %( +! r!$r!#!na +n avanc! i,$(ran! !n %a !va%+aci-n &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% &! ni(# a&(%!#c!n!#. C+=r! %(# an!c!&!n!# &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% $r!#!na +na aná%i#i# $#ic(,éric( rig+r(#( &!a%%a&( c(n +na &!#cri$ci-n &! %(# c(,$(n!n!# *ac(ria%!# &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% +na hi#(ria &! #+ c(n#r+cci-n ! in#r+cci(n!# c(,$%!a# r!*!ri&a# a %a a&,ini#raci-n ca%i*icaci-n c(,$+ari9a&a. S! &!#aca %a i,$(rancia &! #+ a$%icaci-n c(n $r($-#i(# !&+caiv(# c%"nic(# &! inv!#igaci-n. Gran $ar! &! !#! ,an+a% &!#cri=! %a c(n*ia=i%i&a& va%i&!9 &! a,=a# *(r,a# #in !,=arg( ca=! a&,iir +! %a va%i&aci-n &! !#! in#r+,!n( !# +n $r(c!#( c(nin+( %arg( $(r %( +! !# c(nv!ni!n! a%!nar ,á# !#+&i(# $#ic(,éric(# c(n !#a $r+!=a. E% in!ré# &! %a !va%+aci-n !n ni(# a&(%!#c!n!# !# +n *!n-,!n( r!%aiva,!n! n+!v( a#" c(,( !% I@CE &! BarOn *+! %a $ri,!ra $+=%icaci-n #(=r! %a ,!&ici-n &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% !n a&+%(# !% BarOn ICE' NA !# !% $ri,!r in#r+,!n( +! #! $+=%ica $ara !va%+ar %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na% &! ni(# a&(%!#c!n!#. S! !#$!ra +! a,=a# v!r#i(n!# i,$+%#!n +na ,!6(ra +na !va%+aci-n ,á# r!*ina&a &! %(# a#$!c(# &! %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. A &i*!r!ncia &!% !#+&i( n(r!a,!rican( !% $r!#!n! n( #-%( inc%+! va%i&aci(n!# c(n#i&!ran&( %a !&a& !% #!8( #in( a,=ién %a g!#i-n a&,ini#raiva !#c(%ar a +! %(# c(%!gi(# $H=%ic(# $riva&(# !vi&!ncian %a# ac!n+a&a# &i*!r!ncia# !c(n-,ica# #(cia%!# +! !8i#!n !n n+!#ra r!a%i&a& +! $+!&!n $%an!ar &i*!r!n!# ,(&!%(# !8$%icaiv(# c(nc!rni!n!# a %a in!%ig!ncia !,(ci(na%. Agra&!c!r!,(# a %(# +#+ari(# &! !#a $r+!=a +! n(# =rin&!n %a r!r(a%i,!naci-n n!c!#aria $ara a,$%iar %a inv!#igaci-n !n !#! !,a $(r %( +! $+!&!n r!,iir#! a %(# #ig+i!n!# c(rr!(# !%!cr-nic(#' n!%%+garri9a\!rra.c(,.$! V n!%%+garri9a\h(,ai%.c(, %Q#\!c@r!&.c(, V %Q#\!rra.c(,.$!
REFERENCIAS BIBIOGR?FICAS Bar@On R. 1755M. Th! &!v!%($,!n (* a c(nc!$ (* $#ch(%(gica% J!%%@=!ing. Un$+=%i#h!& &(c(ra% &i##!rai(n. Rh(&!# Univ!r#i S(+h A*rica. Bar@On R. 1773M. D!v!%($,!n (* h! Bar(n E@I' A ,!a#+r! (* E,(i(na% an& S(cia% In!%%ig!nc!. 1:2h Ann+a% C(nv!ni(n (* h! A,!rican P#ch(%(gica% A##(ciai(n in Chicag(. U.S.A. Bar@On R. 1773aM. BarOn E,(i(na% +(i!n Inv!n(r T!chnica% 0an+a%. T(r(n( Cana&a' 0+%i@
O_S+%%ivan 0. G+i%*(r& . 1732M. Si8 *ac(r# (* =!havi(ra% c(gnii(n' Un&!r#an&ing (h!r $!($%!. (+rna% (* E&+cai(na% 0!a#+r!,!n 1) )22 )31. Pa%%a9a R. W Bar@On R. 1772M. A #+& (* h! !,(i(na% in!%%ig!nc! (* c(nvic!& cri,ina%#. Un$+=%i#h!& ,an+#cri$. Sa%(v! P. W 0a!r . 1757@7:M. E,(i(na% in!%%ig!nc!. I,aginai(n C(gnii(n an& P!r#(na%i 7 /M 152 )11. Sa%(v! P. <#!! C. W 0a!r . 177/M. E,(i(na% in!%%ig!nc! an& h! #!%*@ r!g+%ai(n (* a**!c. In D. 0. ]!gn!r an& . ]. P!nn!=aQ!r E&#.M
ANEOS N(,=r! ' C(%!gi( ' Gra&( '
E&a&' E#aa% M F!cha'
S!8(' Paric+%ar M
IN
INSTRUCCIONE S L!! ca&a (raci-n !%ig! %a r!#$+!#a +! ,!6(r ! &!#cri=! ha c+ar( $(#i=%!# r!#$+!#a#' 1. ,u+ rara /e0 . Rara /e0 2. A )e#ud' 3. ,u+ a )e#ud' Din(# c-,( ! #i!n!# $i!n#a# ( acHa# LA ,A-OR PARTE DEL TIE,PO EN LA ,A-ORÍA DE LUGARES. E%ig! +na #-%( UNA r!#$+!#a $ara ca&a (raci-n c(%(ca +n ASPA #(=r! !% nH,!r( +! c(rr!#$(n&! a + r!#$+!#a. P(r !6!,$%( #i + r!#$+!#a !# Rara v!9 ha9 +n ASPA #(=r! !% nH,!r( ) !n %a ,i#,a %"n!a &! %a (raci-n. E#( n( !#
1. ). /. . 2. ;. 3. 5. 7. 1:. 11. 1). 1/. 1. 12. 1;. 13. 15. 17. ):. )1. )). )/.
A 0+ rara Rara 0+ a ,!n+&( ,!n+&( v!9 v!9 0! g+#a &iv!rir,!. 1 ) / 1 ) / S( ,+ =+!n( aM $ara c(,$r!n&!r c-,( %a g!n! #! #i!n!. P+!&(,an!n!r%aca%,ac+an&(!#(,(%!#(. 1 ) / *!%i9. S( 1 ) / 0!i,$(ra%(+!%!##+c!&!a%a#$!r#(na#. 1 ) / 0!!#&i*"ci%c(nr(%ar,ic-%!ra. 1 ) / E#*áci%&!cir%!a%ag!n!c-,(,!#i!n(. 1 ) / 0!g+#an(&a#%a#$!r#(na#+!c(n(9c(. 1 ) / 0!#i!n(#!g+r(aM&!,i,i#,(aM. 1 ) / Séc-,(#!#i!n!n%a#$!r#(na#. 1 ) / Séc(,(,an!n!r,!ran+i%(aM. 1 ) / 1 ) / In!n( +#ar &i*!r!n!# *(r,a# &! r!#$(n&!r %a# $r!g+na# &i*"ci%!#. Pi!n#(+!%a#c(#a#+!hag(#a%!n=i!n. 1 ) / S(ca$a9&!r!#$!ara%(#&!,á#. 1 ) / 0!,(%!#(&!,a#ia&(&!c+a%+i!rc(#a. 1 ) / E#*áci%$ara,"c(,$r!n&!r%a#c(#a#n+!va#. 1 ) / P+!&(ha=%ar*áci%,!n!#(=r!,i##!ni,i!n(#. 1 ) / Pi!n#(=i!n&!(&a#%a#$!r#(na#. 1 ) / E#$!r( ,!6(r. %( 1 ) / T!n!r a,ig(# !# i,$(ran!. 1 ) / P!%!( c(n g!n!. %a 1 ) / P+!&(c(,$r!n&!r$r!g+na#&i*"ci%!#. 1 ) / 0! agra&a #(nr!"r. 1 ) /
0+ rara v!9
). In!n(n(h!rir%(##!ni,i!n(#&!%a#$!r#(na#. 1 )2. N( ,! &( $(r v!nci&( aM an! +n $r(=%!,a ha#a +! %( r!#+!%v(. );. T!ng( ,a% g!ni(. 1 )3. Na&a ,! ,(%!#a. 1 )5. E#&i*"ci%ha=%ar#(=r!,i##!ni,i!n(#,á#"ni,(#. 1 )7. Sé+!%a#c(#a##a%&rán=i!n. 1 /:. P+!&(&ar=+!na#r!#$+!#a#a$r!g+na#&i*"ci%!#. 1 /1. /). //. /. /2. /;. /3. /5. /7. :. 1. ). /. .
A ,!n+&(
Rara v!9
) 1
/ )
) )
27. Sé c+an&( &ic!n na&a.%a g!n! !#á ,(%!#a aHn c+an&( n( ;:. 0!g+#a%a*(r,ac(,(,!v!(. 1
)
/
/
)
/
P+!&(*áci%,!n!&!#cri=ir,i##!ni,i!n(#. 1 ) / Sé c-,( &iv!rir,!. 1 ) / D!=(&!cir#i!,$r!%av!r&a&. 1 ) / 1 ) P+!&( !n!r ,+cha# ,an!ra# &! r!#$(n&!r +na $r!g+na &i*"ci% c+an&( ( +i!r(. 0! ,(%!#( *áci%,!n!. 1 ) / 0!agra&ahac!rc(#a#$ara%(#&!,á#. 1 ) / N( ,! #i!n( ,+ *!%i9. 1 ) / 1 ) P+!&( +#ar *áci%,!n! &i*!r!n!# ,(&(# &! r!#(%v!r %(# $r(=%!,a#. D!,(r( !n ,(%!#ar,!. 1 ) / 0!#i!n(=i!nc(n,ig(,i#,(aM. 1 ) /
2. 0! ,a% c+an&( %a# $!r#(na# #(n h!ri&a# !n #+# #i!n( #!ni,i!n(#. ;. C+an&( !#( ,(%!#( aM c(n a%g+i!n ,! #i!n( ,(%!#( aM $(r ,+ch( i!,$(. 3. 0!#i!n(*!%i9c(n%ac%a#!&!$!r#(na+!#(. 1 5. S(=+!n(aMr!#(%vi!n&($r(=%!,a#. 1 7. Par,"!#&i*"ci%!#$!rar,i+rn(. 1 2:. 0!&ivi!r!%a#c(#a#+!hag(. 1 21. 0! agra&an ,i# a,ig(#. 1 2). N( !ng( &"a# ,a%(#. 1 2/. 0!!#&i*"ci%&!cir%!a%(#&!,á#,i##!ni,i!n(#. 1 2. 0! &i#g+#( *áci%,!n!. 1 22. P+!&( &ar,! c+!na c+an&( ,i a,ig( #! #i!n! ri#!. 2;. 0! g+#a c+!r$(. ,i 1 23. AHn c+an&( %a# c(#a# #!an &i*"ci%!# n( ,! &( $(r v!nci&(. 25. C+an&(,!,(%!#(acH(#in$!n#ar. 1
/
/ /
)
1 1
) ) )
/
/
/
/
/ /
/
/ / / / )
/
)
/
1
)
/
) 1
/ )
/
) 1 )
Gracias por completar el cuestionario.
/ ) /
/ )
) ) ) )
0+ a ,!n+&(
/
N(,=r! ' C(%!gi( ' Gra&( '
E&a&' E#aa% M F!cha'
S!8(' Paric+%ar M
IN
INSTRUCCIONES L!! ca&a (raci-n !%ig! %a r!#$+!#a +! ,!6(r ! &!#cri=! ha c+ar( r!#$+!#a#' ,u+ rara /e0 Rara /e0 A )e#ud' ,u+ a )e#ud'
$(#i=%!#
Din(# c-,( ! #i!n!# $i!n#a# ( acHa# LA ,A-OR PARTE DEL TIE,PO EN LA ,A-ORÍA DE LUGARES. E%ig! +na #-%( UNA r!#$+!#a $ara ca&a (raci-n c(%(ca +n ASPA #(=r! !% nH,!r( +! c(rr!#$(n&! a + r!#$+!#a. P(r !6!,$%( #i + r!#$+!#a !# Rara v!9 ha9 +n ASPA #(=r! !% nH,!r( ) !n %a ,i#,a %"n!a &! %a (raci-n. E#( n( !# +n !8a,!n n( !8i#!n r!#$+!#a# =+!na# ( ,a%a#. P(r *av(r ha9 +n ASPA !n %a r!#$+!#a &! ca&a (raci-n. 0+ rara v!9
1. ). /. . 2. ;. 3. 5. 7. 1:. 11. 1). 1/. 1. 12. 1;.
Rara v!9
A ,!n+&(
0!i,$(ra%(+!%!##+c!&!a%a#$!r#(na#. 1 ) / E#*áci%&!cir%!a%ag!n!c-,(,!#i!n(. 1 ) / 0!g+#an(&a#%a#$!r#(na#+!c(n(9c(. 1 ) / S(ca$a9&!r!#$!ara%(#&!,á#. 1 ) / 0!,(%!#(&!,a#ia&(&!c+a%+i!rc(#a. 1 ) / P+!&(ha=%ar*áci%,!n!#(=r!,i##!ni,i!n(#. 1 ) / Pi!n#(=i!n&!(&a#%a#$!r#(na#. 1 ) / P!%!( c(n g!n!. %a 1 ) / T!ng( ,a% g!ni(. 1 ) / P+!&(c(,$r!n&!r$r!g+na#&i*"ci%!#. 1 ) / Na&a ,! ,(%!#a. 1 ) / E#&i*"ci%ha=%ar#(=r!,i##!ni,i!n(#,á#"ni,(#. 1 ) / P+!&(&ar=+!na#r!#$+!#a#a$r!g+na#&i*"ci%!#. 1 ) / P+!&(*áci%,!n!&!#cri=ir,i##!ni,i!n(#. 1 ) / D!=(&!cir#i!,$r!%av!r&a&. 1 ) / P+!&( !n!r ,+cha# ,an!ra# &! r!#$(n&!r +na 1 )/ $r!g+na &i*"ci% c+an&( ( +i!r(. 13. 0! ,(%!#( *áci%,!n!. 1 ) / 15. 0!agra&ahac!rc(#a#$ara%(#&!,á#. 1 ) /
0+ a ,!n+&(
17. P+!&( +#ar *áci%,!n! &i*!r!n!# ,(&(# &! r!#(%v!r %(# $r(=%!,a#. ):. Pi!n#(+!#(!%%aM,!6(r!n(&(%(+!hag(. 1 )1. Para ," !# *áci% &!cir%! a %a# $!r#(na# c-,( ,! #i!n(. )). C+an&( r!#$(n&( $r!g+na# &i*"ci%!# ra( &! $!n#ar !n ,+cha# #(%+ci(n!#. )/. 0! #i!n( ,a% c+an&( %a# $!r#(na# #(n h!ri&a# !n #+# #!ni,i!n(#. S(=+!n( aMr!#(%vi!n&($r(=%!,a#. 1 N( !ng( &"a# ,a%(#. 1 0!!#&i*"ci%&!cir%!a%(#&!,á#,i##!ni,i!n(#. 1 0! &i#g+#( *áci%,!n!. 1 P+!&( &ar,! c+!na c+an&( ,i a,ig( #! #i!n! ri#!. )7. C+an&(,!,(%!#(acH(#in$!n#ar. 1 /:. Sé c+an&( %a g!n! !#á ,(%!#a aHn c+an&( n( &ic!n na&a. ). )2. );. )3. )5.
A ,!n+&(
0+ rara v!9
Rara v!9
1
)/
) 1
/ )/
1
)/
1
)/
) )
/ /
)
/ )
1
0+ a ,!n+&(
/
)/ )
1
Gracias por completar el cuestionario.
/
)/
