Manual de Proyectos Foncrei

E2 { ! w E H]2 j.iw {yohec 42[O

H\

8oyj Omeheøf

8oyj& OMEHHECF

HL

;

Hjf}emjm Hjf}em jm

w

Bjf jfuj ujdd {jyj dj dj Lcy cyb budjheøf  O|jdujheøf mo [ycoh}cx Hjyjhjx ‘ \ ofo foquo quodd j

Mjfeod [oúj

J úc 9;;; 9;;;

:

ODJICYJMC U HCCYMEFJMC [CY1 @oyofhej mo C{oyjhecfox LCFHYOE

:

[ê`efj

[YØDC@C1 Bo hc hcb{ b{dj djho ho {yox {yoxof of}j }jyy dj }oyh }oyhoy oyj j omeh omeheø eøf f mod mod Bjfu Bjfujd jd {jyj {jyj dj Lcyb Lcybud udjh jheø eøf f  O|jdujheøf mo [ycoh}cx mod Lcfmc mo Hyåme}c Efmux}yejd$ {uidehjheøf zuo yoxud}j mod oxluoyqc hcfauf}c mo djx ufemjmox zuo hcflcybjf ox}j yohcfchemj Efx}e}uheøf& Dj efehej}e|j mo hyojy ox}o efx}yubof}c yox{cfmo j dj fohoxemjm mo hcf}jy hcf goyyjb goyyjbeof eof}jx }jx mo o|jduj o|jdujheø heøf f zuo {oybe {oybe}jf }jf auq`jy$ auq`jy$ oloh}e oloh}e|jb |jbof} of}o$ o$ od åwe}c åwe}c mo dcx {ycoh}cx$ {ycoh}cx$ yoxjd}jfmc yoxjd}jfmc od jfêdexex jfêdexex mo djx |jyejidox zuo dc`yof dc`yof emof}eleh emof}elehjy jy }ofmofhejx }ofmofhejx mo {ycmuh}e|emjm  hcb{o}e}e|emjm$ mo dj yof}jiedemjm$ mod |jdcy j`yo`jmc fjhecfjd$ mod {c}ofhejd ow{cy}jmcy  mo djx lcy}jdoqjx mo dj ob{yoxj {jyj xu efxoyheøf of boyhjmcx `dcijdox& Hcf dj lefjdemjm mo }yjfxloyey dj ow{oyeofhej jhubudjmj of ufj }yjoh}cyej mo bjx mo |oef}exåex júcx jd xoy|ehec mo dj efmux}yej$ od Lcfmc mo Hyåme}c Efmux}yejd gj zuoyemc ddo|jy ox}o Bjfujd j }cmjx djx Efx}e}uhecfox mod Xex}obj mo Efmux}yej  Hcboyhec  j }cmjx jzuoddjx ob{oújmjx of dj hcfxcdemjheøf  od moxjyycddc mod Xoh}cy Efmux}yejd$ jxâ  hcbc hc bc jd bufm bufmc c jh jhjmå jmåbe behc hc$$ {jyj {jyj zuo zuo xey| xey|j j hc hcbc bc ufj ufj goyy goyyjb jbeo eof} f}j j mo yolo yoloyo yofh fhej ej bo}cmcdø`ehj {jyj dj o|jdujheøf mo {ycoh}cx efmux}yejdox& Lefjdbof}o$ fc zuomj bêx zuo yohcfchoy od oxluoyqc  dj |cduf}jm mo }cmc od ozue ozue{c {c mo }yjij }yjijac ac zuo zuo hc hcdj djic icyø yø$$ hc hcf f xu ow{o ow{oye yeof ofhe hej$ j$ hc hcfc fche hebe beof of}c }c  }eob }eob{c {c mo momehjheøf$ of dj odjicyjheøf mo ox}o bjfujd&

Meyohheøf @oyofhej

9

HCF]OFEMC OXZ_OBJ [JYJ OD OX]_MEC MO DJ LJH]EIEDEMJM MO [YCUOH]CX EFM_X]YEJDOX OF [YCBCHEØF U JB[DEJHEØF [ê`& Ef}ycmuhheøf

<

HJ[Â]_DC E1 Yoxubof mod [ycoh}c :&:& Ciao}e|cx  Aux}elehjheøf :&9& Jx{oh}cx Jmbefex}yj}e|cx

< <

HJ[Â]_DC EE1 Ox}umec mo Boyhjmc

0

9&:& Moxhye{heøf mod {ycmuh}c$ hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx  uxcx& 9&9& Ox}umec mo dj mobjfmj& 9&8& Ox}umec mo dj cloy}j& 9&=& Boyhjmc {c}ofhejd {jyj od {ycoh}c& 9&?& [yohecx& 9&<& Hjfjdox mo hcboyhejdeqjheøf&

0 7 5 :; :; ::

HJ[Â]_DC EEE1 ]jbjúc  Dchjdeqjheøf

:9

8&:& Ljh}cyox zuo mo}oybefjf od ]jbjúc& 8&9& ]jbjúc Ø{}ebc 8&8& Dchjdeqjheøf&

:9 := :5

HJ[Â]_DC E\1 Ef`ofeoyâj mod [ycoh}c

9:

=&:& [ychoxc {ycmuh}e|c& =&9& Ijdjfho mo bj}oyejdox& =&8& [oyâcmc c{oyjhecfjd ox}ebjmc mo dj {djf}j& =&=& Hj{jhemjm mo {ycmuhheøf& =&?& =&?& Mex} Mex}ye yeiu iuhe heøf øf mo dj bj bjzu zuef efjy jyej ej  ozue ozue{c {cxx of dj {djf {djf}j }j efmux}yejd 'Dj"cu}% =&<& [djfcx mo mex}yeiuheøf mo dj {djf}j

9: 9: 99 99 98 98

8

[ê`& HJ[Â]_DC \1 Cy`jfeqjheøf

9=

?&:& Jx{oh}cx `ofoyjdox& ?&9& Ox}yuh}uyj cy`jfeqj}e|j&

9= 9=

HJ[Â]_DC \E1 Ef|oyxecfox  Lefjfhejbeof}c

9?

<&:& Ef|oyxecfox of jh}e|cx leacx }jf`eidox& <&9& Ef|oyxecfox of jh}e|cx leacx ef}jf`eidox <&8& Ef|oyxecfox of jh}e|cx heyhudjf}ox c Hj{e}jd mo }yjijac <&=& Yoxubof mo djx Ef|oyxecfox <&?& Hycfc`yjbj mo oaohuheøf mod {ycoh}c <&<& Lefjfhejbeof}c <&0& [djf mo Ef|oyxecfox

9? 9< 90 97 97 97 95

HJ[Â]_DC \EE1 [yoxu{uox}c mo @jx}cx o Ef`yoxcx

8;

0&:& Xe}ujheøf lefjfheoyj jh}ujd 0&9& Xe}ujheøf lefjfheoyj {ycoh}jmj 0&8& [yoxu{uox}c mo ef`yoxcx 0&=& Ox}jmc mo yoxud}jmcx {ycoh}jmcx 0&?& [yoxu{uox}c mo hjaj 0&<& Luof}o  uxcx mo lcfmcx 0&0& [uf}c mo ozuedeiyec 0&7 ]jxj mo moxhuof}c  hye}oyecx jd}oyfj}e|cx {jyj dj o|jdujheøf mo {ycoh}cx 0&5& \jdcy jhubudjmc fo}c mo uf {ycoh}c 0&:;&\jdcy {yoxof}o fo}c c |jdcy jh}ujd fo}c '\JF% 0&::& ]jxj iofolehec ‘ hcx}c 0&:9& [oyecmc mo yohu{oyjheøf mo dj ef|oyxeøf 0&:8& ]jxj ef}oyfj mo yo}cyfc 0&:=& Od jfêdexex mo yeox`c

8; 8; 88 8= 8= 8= 8? 80

HJ[Â]_DC HJ[Â]_D C \EEE 1 Jfêdexex Lefjfheoyc

=8

7&: " Jfêdexex mo xofxeiedemjm 7&9 " Hcfhduxecfox  yohcbofmjhecfox

=8 ==

87 85 =; =; =: =:

=

" JFOWCX1 EEE& EEE&: :& Xohu Xohuo ofhe fhej mo jh jh}}e|e e|emjmo mjmoxx {jyj jyj xodo xodohh hheecfjy cfjy dj dchjdeqjheøf mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd EEE&9 Yoxubof mod Mohyo}c yoloyof}o j dj [cdâ}ehj mo Dchjdeqjheøf Efmux}yejd Bjfuljh}uyoyj E\&:& Mej`yjbj mo {ychoxc mo }yjfxlcybjheøf \E&:& Hycfc`yjbj mo Ef|oyxecfox \E&9& [djf mo Ef|oyxecfox \EE&:& Hujmyc mo Chu{jheøf mo dj Bjfc mo Ciyj mod [ycoh}c \EE&9& Hujmyc mo Yoxubof mo Mo{yohejheøf  Jbcy}eqjheøf \EE&8& Xoy|ehec mo dj Moumj \EE&=& Ox}yuh}uyj mo Hcx}cx mod [ycoh}c \EE&?& Ox}yuh}uyj mo Hcx}cx mo dj Ob{yoxj \EE&<& Ox}jmc mo @jfjfhejx  [åymemjx mod [ycoh}c \EE&0& Ox}jmc mo @jfjfhejx  [åymemjx mo dj Ob{yoxj \EE&7& Hj{jhemjm mo [j`c mod [ycoh}c \EE&5& Hj{jhemjm mo [j`c mo dj Ob{yoxj \EE&:;&Lduac mo Hjaj Lefjfheoyc mod [ycoh}c J[ÅFME ÅFMEHO HO HD HDJX JXEELEHJ LEHJHE HEØ ØF EFM_ EFM_X] X]Y YEJD EJD _FEL _FELC CYBO$ YBO$ 8yj& yj& YO\EXEØF J[ÅFMEHO& JFÊDEXEX MO YOX_D]JMCX J[ÅFMEHO& ÂFMEHOX LEFJFHEOYCX J[ÅFMEHO& LCYB_DJX BJ]OBJ]EHJX

[ê`& =< =0 =7 =5 ?; ?: ?9 ?8 ?= ?? ?< ?0 ?7 ?5 <; <9 <0 <5 0;

@dcxjyec mo }åybefcx

08

Ieidec`yjlâj Hcfxud}jmj

0<

?

EF]YCM_HHEØF Of oddj xo moio uiehjy jd doh}cy mof}yc mo dj }obê}ehj mod {ycoh}c$ yoxjd}jfmc dj lefjdemjm u ciao}e|c  bo}cmcdc`âj u}edeqjmj&

HJ[Â]_DC E1 YOX_BOF MOD [YCUOH]C& :&:& Ciao}e| Ciao}e|cx cx  Aux}el Aux}elehj ehjheø heøf1 f1 Bofhecfjy djx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx zuo mox}jhjf jd {ycoh}c yox{oh}c j dcx mo âfmcdo xebedjy$ j xoj {cy xu dchjdeqjheøf$ }ohfcdc`âj$ hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mod {ycmuh}c$ |of}jajx hcb{jyj}e|jx$ jgcyyc mo me|exjx$ hyojheøf mo ob{doc$ o}h&$ jxâ hcbc {cy djx |of}jajx zuo xo moye|jf mo xu yojdeqjheøf& Xoújdjy dcx {yefhe{jdox gohgcx zuo bc}e|jf dj {ycbcheøf mod {ycoh}c  xu |efhudjheøf hcf dj ob{yoxj {ycbc}cyj  c}yjx ob{yoxjx& Ow{oyeofhej mo dcx {ycbc}cyox&

:&9& Jx{oh} Jx{oh}cx cx Jmbefex Jmbefex}yj }yj}e| }e|cx1 cx1 [yc{cyhecfjy eflcybjheøf `ofoyjd mo dj ob{yoxj1 yjqøf xchejd$ uiehjheøf$ ox}yuh}uyj mo hj{e}jd$ ciao}c xchejd$  lohgj mo hcfx}e}uheøf& Emof}elehjheøf mo dcx jhhecfex}jx  mo dj Auf}j Meyoh}e|j \e`of}o& Eflcybjy ow{oyeofhej mo dcx beobiycx mo dj Auf}j Meyoh}e|j of dj jh}e|emjm& Hcf|eofo mox}jhjy djx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx$ ox{ohelehjhecfox  yoxud}jmcx bêx eb{cy}jf}ox j dcx zuo xo gj ddo`jmc of dcx me|oyxcx me|oyxcx hj{â}udcx$ hj{â}udcx$ mod bexbc bcmc zuo djx |of}jajx |of}jajx c dcx jx{oh}cx {cxe}e|cx {cxe}e|cx mod {ycoh}c  {cy xu{uox}c$ xu ox}yuh}uyj cy`jfeqj}e|j& O|cduheøf mod hj{e}jd$ cy`jfe`yjbj mo dj ob{yoxj$ yodjheøf hcf c}yjx ob{yoxjx efmux}yejdox$ hcboyhejdeqjmcyox c mo xoy|ehec& Xe}ujheøf lefjfheoyj jh}ujd&

<

HJ[Â]_DC EE1 OX]_MEC MO BOYHJMC Od ox}umec mo boyhjmc 'mej`fcxex  {yc`fcxex%$ }eofo hcbc lefjdemjm mo}oybefjy xe owex}o c fc ufj mobjfmj efxj}exlohgj zuo aux}elezuo$ ijac heoy}jx hcfmehecfox$ dj {uox}j of bjyhgj mo uf {yc`yjbj mo {ycmuhheøf mo heoy}cx ieofox c xoy|ehecx of uf ox{jhec mo }eob{c& Od ox}umec mo boyhjmc ox lufmjbof}jd {jyj od jfêdexex mo c}ycx jx{oh}cx }åhfehcx$ ohcføbehcx  lefjfheoycx zuo mo}oybefof dj }cbj mo mohexecfox$ of}yo djx zuo mox}jhjf dj xodohheøf mod }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j  mo dj dchjdemjm `oc`yêlehj mcfmo xoyê efx}jdjmj& Dcx yoxud}jmcx mod ox}umec mod boyhjmc moiof mjy hcbc {ycmuh}c {ycohhecfox yojdeqjmjx xciyo mj}cx hcflejidox$ mo }jd bjfoyj zuo1 j& Moxmo ox}o {uf}c {uf}c mo |ex}j$ dcx lu}uycx ef|oyxecfex}jx ef|oyxecfex}jx ox}åf mex{uox}cx mex{uox}cx j j{cjy j{cjy od {ycoh}c$ hcf hcf ijxo of dj owex}ofhej mo uf boyhjmc {c}ofhejd zuo gjyê ljh}eido dj |of}j mo dj {ycmuhheøf mo dj {djf}j {djfojmj  ci}ofoy jxâ uf hjumjd mo ef`yoxcx zuo dox {oybe}eyê yohu{oyjy dj ef|oyxeøf& i& Dcx }åhfehcx }åhfehcx {uomjf xodohhecfjy xodohhecfjy od {ychoxc  djx hcfmehecfox hcfmehecfox mo c{oyjheøf> c{oyjheøf> ox}jidohoy ox}jidohoy dj hj{jhemjm hj{jhemjm mo dj {djf}j efmux}yejd  mexoújy c jmzueyey dcx ozue{cx bêx j{yc{ejmcx {jyj od hjxc& h& Xo huof}o hcf dcx mj}cx mj}cx fohoxjyecx fohoxjyecx {jyj oloh}ujy oloh}ujy ox}ebjhecf ox}ebjhecfox ox ohcføbehjx& ohcføbehjx&

9&:& Moxhye{heøf mod [ycmuh}c$ Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx  _xcx 1 Of ox}j {jy}o xo moio {yohexjy1 djx ox{ohelehjhecfox c hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx zuo molefof o efmux}yejdeqjf dcx ieofox  xoy|ehecx zuo xo ox}umejf> o efmehjy dcx lefox j dcx zuo xo mox}efjf& " " " " "

E`ujdbof}o eflcybjy zueåfox xcf xux hcfxubemcyox  od bcmc mo uxc Mox}jhjy  gjhoy yoloyofhej jd {ycmuh}c {yefhe{jd  xux xui{ycmuh}cx& Efmehjy od fñboyc zuo dox hcyyox{cfmo of dj Hdjxelehjheøf Efmux}yejd Ef}oyfjhecfjd _felcybo 'HEE_% '|oy j{åfmeho1 Hdjxelehjheøf Efmux}yejd _felcybo$ 8yj& yo|exeøf% Xoújdjy xe ox uf ieof muyjido c fc muyjido Efmehjy dj |emj ñ}ed mo dcx ieofox muyjidox

0

9&9& Ox}umec mo dj Mobjfmj1 Dj mobj mobjfm fmj j ox dj hujf hujf}e }ele lehj hjhe heøf øf mo dj foho fohoxe xemj mjm m yojd yojd c {xeh {xehcd cdø` ø`eh ehj j mo ufj ufj {cid {cidjh jheø eøf f mo hcb{yjmcyox$ hcf {cmoy jmzuexe}e|c xuleheof}o {jyj {cmoy ci}ofoy uf mo}oybefjmc {ycmuh}c zuo xj}exlj`j mehgj fohoxemjm& Moio xoy hujf}elehjmj of ufemjmox lâxehjx& 9&9&:& Ox}ebjheøf mo dj Mobjfmj1 Xo yoleoyo j dj mobjfmj lu}uyj mo uf {ycmuh}c& Xo ijxj of dj {ycohheøf xciyo dj dâfoj mo }ofmofhej hcyyox{cfmeof}o j dcx mj}cx gex}øyehcx> xo yohcbeofmj yojdeqjy {ycohhecfox j hefhc '?% júcx& [jyj od hcyyoh}c jfêdexex mo dj eflcybjheøf  {ycohheøf mo dj mobjfmj ox fohoxjyec mo}oybefjy$ j huêd mo djx xe`ueof}ox hj}o`cyâjx hcyyox{cfmof dcx ieofox j {ycmuhey1 j& Ieofox mo Hcfxubc oxofhejd i& Ieofox mo Hcfxubc xuf}ujyec h& Ieofox Ef}oybomecx m& Ieofox mo Hj{e}jd Dcx hcoleheof}ox bêx u}edeqjmcx {jyj {ycoh}jy dj mobjfmj xcf1

Hêdhudc mo dj ]jxj Jfujd mo Hyohebeof}c mo dj Mobjfmj1 Xo ox}jid ox}jidoho oho hcf ijxo j dj xoyeo xoyeo gex}øy gex}øyehj ehj$$ ox eb{cy} eb{cy}jf} jf}o o ow{deh ow{dehjy jy dcx bc}e|cx bc}e|cx mo jd`ufj jd`ufjxx |jyejhecfox ef}oyjfujdox eb{cy}jf}ox& ]h

 ]h  ]h 2 f2 Jf 2 Jc 2

2 f ∙:

 Jf  Jf  Jc  Jc

:

∙

]jxj ]jxj mo hyoh hyoheb ebeo eof} f}c& c& Fc&& mo júcx ù {oyecmcx& Fc Doh}u Doh}uyj yj lef lefjd jd mo dj xoye xoyeo& o& Doh}u Doh}uyj yj efe efehe hejd jd mo dj dj xoy xoyeo eo&&

Hêdhudc mod hcfxubc {oyhê{e}j mo dj {cidjheøf1 Ox}o xo yojdeqj mo}oybefjfmc od hcfxubc oloh}e|c c of jd`ufjx chjxecfox od hcfxubc j{jyof}o$ me|ememc {cy od fñboyc mo gjie}jf}ox& HO 

2 [ 

.

B 

∙

 W 

º

\e

HO 2 Hcfxubc Oloh}e|c [ 2 [ycmuhheøf Fjhecfjd B 2 Eb{cy}jheøf W 2 Ow{cy}jheøf \e 2 \jyejheøf mo Ef|of}jyec& Od hcfx hcfxub ubc c j{jy j{jyof of}o }o xo meloy meloyof ofhe hej j mod mod Hc Hcfx fxub ubc c Oloh Oloh}e }e|c |c$$ {cyz {cyzuo uo fc xo hcfx hcfxem emoyj oyjf f djx djx |jyejhecfox mo ef|of}jyec& Hcfxubc

j{jyof}o

2

 [ 

.

B 

∙

 W 

Hcoleheof}o mo odjx}ehemjm ef`yoxc mo dj mobjfmj1 Ox}o hcoleheof}o buox}yj djx |jyejhecfox zuo xo {ycmuhof of dj mobjfmj {cy dj |jyejheøf mo dcx ef`yoxcx mo dj {cidjheøf&

]jxj mo hyohebeof}c mo dj {cidjheøf1 7

Hcfcheofmc dj }jxj mo hyohebeof}c mo dj {cidjheøf$ {cmobcx {ycoh}jy dj {cidjheøf  duo`c {cmobcx yodjhecfjy oxj {cidjheøf hcf od hcfxubc {oyhê{e}j$ {jyj hcfchoy dj mobjfmj lu}uyj& Of jd`ufcx hjxcx$ xo gj ox}ebjmc dj mobjfmj ijxo of dcx yozuoyebeof}cx jdebof}ehecx mo dj {cidjheøf ox}ebjmj& Od hêdhudc c {ycohheøf mo dj mobjfmj {cmyê gjhoy zuo od bå}cmc zuo hcfxemoyjbcx bêx j{yc{ejmc$ jufzuo ox}o {uomo ox}jy xuao}c j dj eflcybjheøf mex{cfeido& _fj |oq ox}ebjmj dj mobjfmj efxj}exlohgj$ xo mohemo zuå {jy}o mo åx}j |j j xoy xj}exlohgj {cy od {yc {ycoh oh}c }c  oxj oxj hjf} hjf}em emjm jm |eof |eofo o j yo{yox yo{yoxof of}j }jyy dj mobj mobjfm fmj j mod mod {yc {ycoh oh}c }c&& Ox mohe mohey$ y$ zuo zuo od {ycoh}ex}j mo hcbñf jhuoymc hcf od ef|oyxecfex}j  }cbjfmc of huof}j dcx jx{oh}cx }åhfehcx  dj mex{cfeiedemjm lefjfheoyj$ {yefhe{jdbof}o$ mohemeyêf od {cyhof}jao mo dj mobjfmj efxj}exlohgj zuo |j j xoy huieoy}j {cy od {ycoh}c&

9&8& Ox}umec mo dj Cloy}j1 Dj Cloy}j ox dj hjf}emjm mo uf {ycmuh}c zuo dcx ljiyehjf}ox o eb{cy}jmcyox mod bexbc ox}êf mex{uox}cx j ddo|jy jd boyhjmc$ mo jhuoymc hcf dcx {yohecx |e`of}ox$ hcf dj hj{jhemjm mo xux efx}jdjhecfox  hcf dj ox}yuh}uyj ohcføbehj mo xu {ycmuhheøf&

9&8&:& Hj{jhemjm efx}jdjmj mo hjmj hcb{o}emcy1 Emof}elehjy j dcx {yefhe{jdox {ycmuh}cyox  xu yox{oh}e|j hj{jhemjm efx}jdjmj& Hujfmc xoj xe`felehj}e|j dj meloyofhej of}yo hj{jhemjm efx}jdjmj  cloy}j$ mjy xu ef}oy{yo}jheøf  djx yjqcfox mo xu owex}ofhej& Ofufhejy djx debe}jhecfox mo dcx {ychoxcx mo {ycmuh {ycmuhheø heøf f mo}oh} mo}oh}jmj jmjxx of mehgjx mehgjx efx}jd efx}jdjhe jhecfo cfox$ x$ lyof}o lyof}o j djx jmc{}j jmc{}jmjx mjx {jyj {jyj od {ycoh {ycoh}c$ }c$ mox}jhjfmc xux |of}jajx hcb{jyj}e|jx& 9&8&9& Hcb{cy}jbeof}c mo dj cloy}j1 Efmehjy dcx ljh}cyox zuo eflduof of od hcb{cy}jbeof}c mo dj cloy}j> xe ox ox}jhecfjdemjm$ xu {cxeheøf bcfc{ødehj$ {cdâ}ehjx `uioyfjbof}jdox$ hcf}ycdox mo {yohecx$ o}h& 9&8&8& [ycohheøf mo dj cloy}j1 Hujfmc xoj {cxeido$ ox}umejy dj cloy}j hcf helyjx mo |cdubof bêx zuo mo |jdcy& Xo moioyêf he}jy djx luof}ox mo hcfxud}j u}edeqjmjx& Ox hcf|ofeof}o {ycoh}jy od boyhjmc boyhjmc {jyj uf {oyâcmc mo jd bofcx hefhc hefhc júcx&

9&=& Boyhjmc {c}ofhejd {jyj od {ycoh}c 1 [jyj ci}ofoy od {ycføx}ehc mo dj mobjfmj efxj}exlohgj }jf}c of od boyhjmc fjhecfjd hcbc of od ef}oyfjhecfjd> hcb{jyjy dj {ycohheøf mo dj mobjfmj mod {ycmuh}c of ox}umec hcf dj mo dj cloy}j `dcijd$ ox}j yo{yoxof}j od boyhjmc {c}ofhejd mod {ycoh}c$ xef hcfxemoyjy od {cxeido mox{djqjbeof}c mo dcx {ycmuh}cx mo dj hcb{o}ofhej&

9&?& [yohec1 Od ox}umec mo boyhjmc boyhjmc {oybe}o {oybe}o ox}jidohoy mo bjfoyj bjfoyj {yodebefj {yodebefjyy od {yohec zuo moio }ofoy od {ycmuh}c$ {ycmuh}c$ hcf ijxo {yefhe{jdbof}o of dcx xe`ueof}ox ljh}cyox1 " Dcx {yohecx mo |of}j mo dj hcb{o}ofhej " Od }e{c mo hcfxubemcyox " Od hcoleheof}o mo odjx}ehemjm {yohec"mobjfmj " Dj yojhheøf ox{oyjmj mo dcx hcb{o}emcyox " Ox}yj}o`ej clehejd of bj}oyej mo {cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj 'efhof}e|cx$ {yc}oh" hecfox$ o}h&%&

5

Of}yo dcx {yohecx mo dj hcb{o}ofhej xo moiof hcfxemoyjy jmobêx mo dcx {yohecx mo {ycmuh}cx xebedjyox$ dcx {yohecx mo dcx {ycmuh}cx xux}e}u}cx  mo dcx {ycmuh}cx hcb{dobof}jyecx& Od }e{c mo hcfxubemcyox eflduo of od {yohec$ {yefhe{jdbof}o hcf ijxo of dj {yoloyofhej  jd {cmoy jmzuexe}e|c mo dcx bexbcx& Of}yo djx bomemjx clehejdox mo {cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj zuo {uomof }ofoy eflduofhej of od {yohec mod {ycmuh}c$ xo ofhuof}yjf od hcf}ycd clehejd mo {yohecx$ od hcf}ycd mo hjbiec mo me|exjx$ dcx xuixemecx mo }oyhoycx$  djx {cdâ}ehjx lexhjdox mo j{cc jd moxjyycddc efmux}yejd of}yo c}ycx$ eb{uox}cx$ {cdâ}ehj jyjfhodjyej  hcboyhejd&

9&<& Hjfjdox mo Hcboyhejdeqjheøf1 Ox od hcfauf hcfauf}c }c mo jh}e|e jh}e|emjm mjmox ox yod yodjhe jhecfj cfjmjx mjx hcf dj }yjfxl }yjfxloyof oyofhej hej mo ieofox ieofox  xoy|eh xoy|ehecx ecx moxmo moxmo dcx {ycmuh}cyox gjx}j od hcfxubemcy lefjd&

:;

HJ[Â]_DC EEE1 ]JBJÚC U DCHJDEQJHECF& Xo hcfcho hcbc }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd dj hj{jhemjm efx}jdjmj mo {ycmuhheøf mo dj bexbj& Ox}j hj{jhemjm hj{jhemjm xo ow{yoxj ow{yoxj of dj hjf}emjm hjf}emjm {ycmuhemj {ycmuhemj {cy ufemjm ufemjm mo }eob{c$ }eob{c$ ox mohey |cdubof$ |cdubof$ {oxc$ |jdcy c ufemjmox mo {ycmuh}c odjicyjmcx {cy júc$ box$ mâjx  }uyfc$ gcyj$ o}h& Of jd`ufcx hjxcx dj hj{jhemjm mo ufj {djf}j xo ow{yoxj$ fc of }åybefcx mo dj hjf}emjm mo {ycmuh}c zuo xo ci}eofo$ xefc of lufheøf mod |cdubof mo bj}oyej {yebj zuo xo {ychoxj& Of djx {djf}jx efmux}yejdox zuo huof}jf hcf ozue{cx mo meloyof}ox hj{jhemjmox$ dj hj{jhemjm mo dj {djf}j xo mj of lufheøf mod ozue{c o zue{c mo bofcy hj{jhemjm& Of jzuoddjx efmux}yejx zuo odjicyjf me|oyxcx dc}ox mo {ycmuh}cx mo meloyof}ox hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx$ od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j xo xuodo ox{ohelehjy hcf yox{oh}c yo x{oh}c j dj {ycmuhheøf mo uf dc}o }e{c c boqhdj mo {ycmuh}cx&

8&:& Ljh}cyox zuo mo}oybefjf od ]jbjúc 1 Jmobêx mo dj hj{jhemjm efx}jdjmj$ dcx ljh}cyox zuo eflduof mo bjfoyj {yomcbefjf}o of dj xodohheøf mod }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd xcf dcx xe`ueof}ox1 8&:&:& Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mod boyhjmc mo hcfxubc 8&:&9& Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mod boyhjmc mo {yc|oomcyox 8&8&8& Ohcfcbâjx mo oxhjdj 8&8&=& Mex{cfeiedemjm mo yohuyxcx lefjfheoycx 8&8&?& Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mo dj bjfc mo ciyj 8&8&<& ]ohfcdc`âj mo {ycmuhheøf 8&8&0& [cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj 8&:&:& 8&:&:& Hjyjh}oyâ Hjyjh}oyâx}e x}ehjx hjx mod boyhjm boyhjmc c mo hcfxub hcfxubc1 c1 Od {yeboy {yeboy {jxc {jxc of dj xodohh xodohheøf eøf mod }jbjúc }jbjúc mo ufj ufj {djf}j$ xuodo xoy ufj yo|exeøf mo dcx yoxud}jmcx mod ox}umec mo boyhjmc mo hcfxubc$ }ofmeof}o j mo}oybefjy xe dj mebofxeøf mod boyhjmc {c}ofhejd ox}ebjmc {jyj od {ycoh}c aux}elehj c fc efx}jdjy dj {djf}j& 8&:&9& Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mod boyhjmc mo {yc|oomcyox1 Dcx |cdñbofox  djx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mo djx bj}oyejx {yebjx$ jxâ hcbc dj dchjdeqjheøf mo djx êyojx mo {ycmuhheøf mo djx bexbjx$ xcf dcx ljh}cyox zuo xo`uemjbof}o xo }cbjf of huof}j {jyj jaux}jy od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j& Of oloh}c$ xe xo {yo|å zuo od |cdubof mex{cfeido mo dj bj}oyej {yebj fc ox xuleheof}o {jyj ddofjy dcx yozuoyebeof}cx mo jijx}ohebeof}c mo dj {djf}j jd fe|od mo hj{jhemjm {yo"xodohhecfjmc$ xoyê fohoxjyec yomuhey mehgc fe|od {jyj jaux}jydc j dj mex{cfeiedemjm {yo|exeido mo bj}oyej {yebj& Od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j jxâ  jaux jaux}j }jmc mc$$ moio moio yo|ex yo|exjy jyxo xo of lufh lufheø eøf f mo dj mex{ mex{oyx oyxeø eøf f mo djx djx êyojx êyojx mo {ycm {ycmuh uhhe heøf øf$$ mo dj eflyjox}yuh}uyj mo hcbufehjheøf  }yjfx{cy}o  mo djx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mo dj bj}oyej {yebj$ j zuo od hcx}c mo }yjfx{cy}o mo dj bexbj mo}oybefjyê od yjmec bêwebc mo j{yc|execfjbeof}c zuo ox {cxeido u}edeqjy& Dcx Dcx {oyâ {oyâcm cmcx cx mo mex{ mex{cf cfei eied edem emjm jm  djx djx lduh lduh}u }ujh jhec ecfo foxx of od xube xubefe fex} x}yc yc mo bj bj}o }oye yejx jx {yeb {yebjx jx {oyohomoyjx }jbieåf {uomof cye`efjy dj fohoxemjm fo hoxemjm mo jaux}o of od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j& 8&:&8& 8&:&8& Ohcfcb Ohcfcbâjx âjx mo Oxhjdj Oxhjdj11 Xo hcfcho hcfchof f hcbc hcbc Ohcfcb Ohcfcbâjx âjx mo Oxhjdj Oxhjdj djx yomuhh yomuhhecf ecfox ox mo dcx hcx}cx hcx}cx ufe}jy ufe}jyecx ecx mo c{oyjh c{oyjheøf eøf mo ufj ufj {djf}j {djf}j efmux}ye efmux}yejd jd moiemc moiemc j1 efhyob efhyobof} of}cx cx of xu }jbjúc }jbjúc c j jubof}cx of xu {oyâcmc mo c{oyjheøf {cy me|oyxelehjheøf mo xu {ycmuhheøf c ieof {cy ow}ofxeøf mo xux jh}e|emjmox ob{yoxjyejdox$ j }yj|åx mod uxc mo ljhedemjmox mo cy`jfeqjheøf$ {ycmuhheøf c hcboyhejdeqjheøf mo c}yjx ob{yoxjx$ j{dehjheøf mo }ohfcdc`âj boacyjmj$ o}h& 8&:&=& Mex{cfeiedemjm mo Yohuyxcx Lefjfheoycx 1 Efmumjidobof}o ufc mo dcx ljh}cyox debe}jf}ox mo dj mebofxeøf mo uf {ycoh}c efmux}yejd ox dj mex{cfeiedemjm mo yohuyxcx lefjfheoycx& Ox}cx yohuyxcx xo yozueoyof {jyj gjhoy lyof}o }jf}c j djx fohoxemjmox mo ef|oyxeøf of jh}e|cx leacx hcbc {jyj xj}exljhoy dcx yozuoyebeof}cx mo Hj{e}jd mo ]yjijac& Dcx yohuyxcx {jyj huiyey djx fohoxemjmox mo uf {ycoh}c efmux}yejd mo efehej}e|j {ye|jmj {uomof {yc|ofey mo mcx luof}ox {yefhe{jdox1 ::

j& Mod hj{e}jd hj{e}jd xchejd xuxhye}c xuxhye}c  {j`jmc {cy dcx jhhecfex}jx jhhecfex}jx mo dj'x% ob{yoxj'x% ob{yoxj'x% zuo xo lcybo'f% lcybo'f% {jyj jmzueyey$ efx}jdjy  c{oyjy dj {djf}j& i& Mo dcx hyåme}cx hyåme}cx zuo zuo xo {uomjf ci}ofoy ci}ofoy mo efx}e}uhec efx}e}uhecfox fox ijfhjyejx ijfhjyejx$$ {ñidehjx {ñidehjx  {ye|jmjx& {ye|jmjx& 8&:&?& Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mo dj Bjfc mo Ciyj1 _f ljh}cy debe}jf}o mod }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd {uomo xoy dj do`exdjheøf djicyjd$ j zuo {cmyâj yoxud}jy bêx hcf|ofeof}o yomuhey od }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j zuo gjhoy lyof}o j luoy}ox oyc`jhecfox {jyj mc}jy mo heoy}cx xoy|ehecx xchejdox j dcx }yjijajmcyox mo dj bexbj 'hcbomcyox efmux}yejdox$ }yjfx{cy}o mo {oyxcfjd  xoy|ehecx båmehcx%& Ox}o ljh}cy ufemc j dj ljd}j mo bjfc mo ciyj hjdelehjmj {uomo cide`jy j yohcfxemoyjy od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j& 8&:&<& ]ohfcdc`âj mo [ycmuhheøf1 [jyj dj xodohheøf mod }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j }jbieåf xo moiof }cbjy of huof}j djx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mo dcx {ychoxcx  dcx ozue{cx& Of jd`ufjx chjxecfox$ {jyj jubof}jy dj hj{j hj{jhe hemj mjm m efx} efx}jd jdjm jmj$ j$ xo yozue yozueoyo oyo mo `yjf `yjfmo moxx ef|o ef|oyx yxec ecfo foxx c mo {oyâ {oyâcm cmcx cx bu bu djy` djy`cx cx mo hcfx}yuhheøf c efx}jdjheøf of dcx hujdox ox fohoxjyec mexbefuey dj {ycmuhheøf$ {cy dc zuo yoxud}j jhcfxoajido dj xodohheøf mo uf }jbjúc efehejd mo {djf}j bjcy zuo od mo}oybefjmc of lufheøf mo c}ycx ljh}cyox& 8&:&0& [cdâ}ehj Ohcføbehj1 Dj {cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj |e`of}o {uomo eflduey xuix}jfhejdbof}o of od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j j efx}jdjy$ j }yj|åx mod ox}jidohebeof}c mo me|oyxcx efhof}e|cx& Ox}cx efhof}e|cx {uomof ox}jy ox}jy ofhjbe ofhjbefjm fjmcx cx j xux}e xux}e}ue }ueyy djx eb{cy} eb{cy}jhe jhecfox cfox  j lcbof} lcbof}jy jy djx ow{cy} ow{cy}jhe jhecfo cfox& x& Of c}yjx c}yjx chjxecfox$ dj {cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj {uomo yomuhey od }jbjúc mod {ycoh}c$ j xoj debe}jfmc dj eb{cy}jheøf mo ozue{cx  bj}oyej {yebj {cy hcf|ofey j dj ijdjfqj mo {j`cx 'jgcyyc mo me|exjx% c$ debe}jfmc od hyåme}c j heoy}jx efmux}yejx hcbc hcfxohuofhej mo dcx {yc`yjbjx mo moxjyycddc of dcx hujdox xo ofhuof}yo ob{oújmc od {jâx& Of yoxubof$ dj mo}oybefjheøf mod }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd yozueoyo mo dj yo|exeøf  jfêdexex mo}jddjmc mod hcfauf}c mo ljh}cyox mo eflduofhej$ }cmcx dcx hujdox }eofof yo{oyhuxeøf of od bcf}c mo djx ef|oyxecfox fohoxjyejx {jyj efx}jdjy dj {djf}j$ of dcx fe|odox mo yof}jiedemjm zuo gjiyêf mo ci}ofoyxo  of djx {oyx{oh}e|jx mo hyohebeof}c mo dj bexbj&

8&9& ]jbjúc Ø{}ebc1 Dj mo}o mo}oyb ybef efjh jheø eøf f mod mod }jbj }jbjúc úc moio moio ijxj ijxjyx yxo o of mcx mcx hcfx hcfxem emoyj oyjhe hecf cfox ox zuo zuo hcfl hcfleoy eoyof of uf hjyê hjyêh} h}oy oy hjbiejf}o j dj c{}ebemjm mod {ycoh}c1 dj yodjheøf {yohec"|cdubof$ {cy od oloh}c mo dj odjx}ehemjm mo dj mobjfm mobjfmj$ j$  dj yod yodjhe jheøf øf hcx}c" hcx}c"|cd |cdubo ubof$ f$ {cy djx ohc ohcfcb fcbâjx âjx  moxohc moxohcfcb fcbâjx âjx mo oxhjdj oxhjdj zuo zuo {uomof {uomof dc`yjyxo of od {ychoxc {ycmuh}e|c& Dj o|cduheøf zuo xo yojdeho mo ox}jx |jyejidox }eofo {cy ciao}c mo}oybefjy dcx hcx}cx  iofolehecx mo djx meloyof}ox jd}oyfj}e|jx {cxeidox mo eb{dobof}jy& Bomejf}o uf jfêdexex mo xofxeiedemjm$ xo jfjdeqj od oloh}c mo |jyejhecfox of ufj jd}oyfj}e|j mo }jbjúc mjmj$ ow{jfmeåfmcdc c yomuheåfmcdc$ {jyj zuo j }yj|åx mo j{ycwebjhecfox xuhoxe|jx {uomj molefeyxo jzuåddj j dj zuo hcyyox{cfmj uf bjcy |jdcy jh}ujd fo}c '\JF%& Od hye}oyec zuo xo ob{doj of ox}o hêdhudc hêdhudc ox od bexbc zuo xo xe`uo xe`uo {jyj o|jdujy o|jdujy od {ycoh}c {ycoh}c `dcijd& Dj ñfehj ñfehj meloyofhej meloyofhej of od {ychomebeof}c {ychomebeof}c ox zuo jd o|jdujy o|jdujy od |jdcy jh}ujd jh}ujd fo}c '\JF% '\JF% {jyj mo}oybefjy od }jbjúc xo {oybe}of j{ycwebjhecfox of djx helyjx$ zuo jd o|jdujy od {ycoh}c moiof moxj`yo`jyxo dc xuleheof}o {jyj {oybe}ey xu jfêdexex efme|emujd& Dj hcb{doaemjm mo ox}o {ychomebeof}c$ fc }jf}c {cy melehud}jm hcbc {cy bj`fe}um$ gjho yohcbofmjido od jfêdexex bomejf}o lduacx jmohujmcx& Of ox}o hjxc$ ox {cxeido molefey ufj }jxj ef}oyfj mo yo}cyfc bjy` bj y`ef efjd jd mod mod }jbj }jbjúc úc$$ zuo zuo hcyy hcyyox ox{c {cfm fmoyâ oyâj j j dj }jxj }jxj mo moxh moxhuo uof} f}c c zuo zuo gjho gjho fudc fudc jd ldua lduac c mo djx djx meloyofhejx of}yo dcx ef`yoxcx  o`yoxcx mo dcx }jbjúcx mo jd}oyfj}e|j& Beof}yjx dj }jxj bjy`efjd xoj xu{oyecy j dj }jxj mo hcy}o molefemj {jyj od {ycoh}c$ hcf|ofmyê jubof}jy od }jbjúc& Od fe|od ø{}ebc ox}jyê mjmc {cy od {uf}c of od hujd jbijx }jxjx xo e`ujdjf& Ox}j hcfmeheøf xo hub{do hujfmc od }jbjúc mod {ycoh}c xo efhyobof}j gjx}j zuo od iofolehec bjy`efjd mod ñd}ebc :9

jubof}c xoj e`ujd j xu hcx}c bjy`efjd$ bomemcx jbicx of bcfomj mo uf bexbc {oyâcmc& Of c}yjx {jdjiyjx$ hujfmc xo bjwebeqj xu |jdcy jh}ujd fo}c& Bj}obê}ehjbof}o$ od }jbjúc ø{}ebc xo {uomo hjdhudjy moye|jfmc ox}j lufheøf& Xe xo ow{yoxj od \JF of lufheøf mod }jbjúc$ xo {cmyâj molefey dj xe`ueof}o e`ujdmjm1 J% f

\JF  '] %

 If  If}  '] % ∙  E c '] %

2√

': . e%} 

} 2:

Mcfmo1 If 2 Iofolehecx fo}cx& Ec 2 Ef|oyxecfox yojdeqjmjx& E 2 ]jxj mo ef}oyåx& Duo`c$ {jyj hjdhudjy od {uf}c zuo gjho e`ujd j hoyc jd \JF bjy`efjd$ xo moye|j dj lufheøf mo dj xe`ueof}o lcybj1

I% mIF  mIF }  '] % f

m\JF '] %

2√ } 2:

m] 

': . e%

} 

∙

md c '] % m] 

2;

m] 

Od bcmodc mo dj bêwebj u}edemjm 1 Of dj {jy}o \ mo ox}o }ow}c xo mobcx}yjyê zuo dcx jfêdexex mo yoxud}jmcx ijxjmcx of eflcybjhecfox hcf}jidox hjyohof mo |jdemoq {jyj }cbjy ufj mohexeøf& Xef obijy`c$ hcbc xo {djf}oø of dj xohheøf jf}oyecy$ jf}oyecy$ dj mohexeøf mohexeøf mo }jbjúc {uomo yojdeqjyxo yojdeqjyxo xciyo dj ijxo mo j{ycwebjh j{ycwebjhecfox ecfox hcflejidox hcflejidox&& _fj mo ox}jx j{ycwebjhecfox ox od bå}cmc mo dj bêwebj u}edemjm hcf}jido& Od bcmodc mo dj bêwebj u}edemjm u}edemjm {yc{cfo {yc{cfo uf {ychomebeof}c {ychomebeof}c mo ijx}jf}o ijx}jf}o bjcy xeb{dehem xeb{dehemjm jm zuo od efmehjmc of dj xohheøf jf}oyecy$ jd lufmjbof}jyxo of ufj ox}ebjheøf mo djx |of}jx  hcx}cx jxchejmcx j mex}ef}jx jd}oyfj}e|jx mo }jbjúc$ of mcfmo xo c{}j {cy od zuo bjwebeqj j dj u}edemjm& Xo meloyofhej mod jf}oyecy$ of}yo c}yjx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx$ of zuo }yjijaj hcf lduacx mo|of`jmcx  fc yojdox$ fc hcfxemoyj dj ef|oyxeøf efehejd 'xcdc xu ozue|jdof}o of mo{yohejheøf%  xu{cfo zuo fc owex}of fe yoef|oyxecfox fe uf |jdcy yoxemujd mod {ycoh}c& Od {ode`yc mo ox}o bå}cmc yoxemo of hcfxemoyjy dj u}edemjm hcbc ufj bomemj mo yof}jiedemjm& Djx Fjhecfox _femjx {djf}ojf zuo dj jd}oyfj}e|j mo bjcy u}edemjm xoyê dj bexbj zuo }of`j dj bjcy yof}jiedemjm xødc xe dcx hcx}cx }c}jdox mo {ycmuhheøf xcf {yc{cyhecfjdox jd hj{e}jd& Xe ox}c luoxo jxâ$ xe`ueofmc xu bexbc yjhechefec$ xo }ofmyâj1 H% \  H 

2

H  . _  H 

zuo ox dc bexbc zuo& M% :8

\  H 

2: .

_  H 

mcfmo {cy \ xo mofcbefj j djx |of}jx$ {cy H jd hcx}c  {cy _ j dj u}edemjm& Xe jmobêx xo mofcbefj N jd hj{e}jd  y j ufj hcfx}jf}o mo {yc{cyhecfjdemjm of huj |ey}um H 2 yN$ dj ohujheøf I xo }yjmuheyâj of1 O% \  H 

2:.

_  yN 

L% \  H 

2:.

j

_   N 

xeofmc j e`ujd j dj ef|oyxj mo y& Xødc of ox}o hjxc _  : . j_ jdhjfqjyêf od bêwebc xebud}êfojbof}o$ {cy xoy N N  —j‒ ufj hcfx}jf}o& Xef obijy`c$ dj {yc{cyhecfjdemjm of}yo dcx hcx}cx }c}jdox  od hj{e}jd fc owex}o {jyj meloyof}ox }jbjúcx& Dj mu{dehjheøf mod }jbjúc$ {cy oaob{dc$ fc fohoxjyejbof}o yozuoyeyê mo ufj mu{dehjheøf mod hj{e}jd fe mo hjmj ufc mo dcx efxubcx& Jd |jyejy xu hcb{cxeheøf$ j moaj mo xoy hcfx}jf}o  {cy dc }jf}c dj yof}jiedemjm bêwebj {uomo dc`yjyxo of uf }jbjúc meloyof}o jd mo dj u}edemjm bêwebj&

Ohcfcbâj mod }jbjúc1 Of dj xohheøf jf}oyecy xo xoújdø zuo fc owex}o ufj {yc{cyhecfjdemjm of}yo dcx hcx}cx }c}jdox  od }jbjúc mod {ycoh}c& Dc bexbc xuhomo hcf djx ef|oyxecfox efehejdox& Jd fc }ofoy uf hjyêh}oy mo defojdemjm$ xu mu{dehjheøf fc mu{dehjyê jd }jbjúc& [jyj yodjhecfjy djx ef|oyxecfox efgoyof}ox j uf }jbjúc mjmc hcf djx zuo hcyyox{cfmoyâjf j uf }jbjúc bjcy$ xo molefo dj xe`ueof}o ohujheøf1 @%

 ] }   κ  ] c 

 E}  2  E c 

mcfmo1 E} 2 Ef| Ef|oyxe oyxeøf øf foho fohoxj xjye yej j {jyj {jyj uf }jbj }jbjúc úc ]} mo {djf}j Ec 2 Ef|o Ef|oyx yxeø eøf f foh fohox oxjy jyej ej {jyj {jyj uf }jbj }jbjúc úc ]c mo {djf}j  ]c 2 ]jbjúc ]jbjúc mo dj dj {djf} {djf}j j u}ede u}edeqjm qjmc c hcbc hcbc ijxo ijxo mo yolo yoloyofh yofhej ej Ow{cfo fof} f}o o mod mod ljh ljh}c }cyy mo oxhj oxhjdj dj κ 2 Ow{c Od ow{cfof}o mod ljh}cy mo oxhjdj ox$ ci|ejbof}o$ od jf}ohomof}o bêx melâhed mo hjdhudjy& Xef obijy`c$ djx Fjhecfox _femjx {uidehjycf ufj dex}j mo ljh}cyox hjdhudjmcx {jyj djx efmux}yejx&

Od }jbjúc mo uf {ycoh}c hcf mobjfmj hyoheof}o 1 Jd jfjdeqjy djx |jyejidox mo}oybefjf}ox mod }jbjúc mod {ycoh}c$ xo {djf}oø dj fohoxemjm mo hcfxemoyjy od hcb{cy hcb{cy}jb }jbeof eof}c }c lu}uyc lu}uyc mo dj mobjfmj mobjfmj hcbc hcbc ufj lcybj lcybj mo c{}ebe c{}ebeqjy qjy dj mohexe mohexeøf$ øf$ fc }jf}c }jf}c of yox{uox}j j ufj yojdemjm hcuf}uyjd hcuf}uyjd hcbc j ufj xe}ujheøf xe}ujheøf mefêbehj of od }eob{c&

:=

Xe xo gj ox}ebjmc hcf heoy}j hoy}oqj dj |emj ñ}ed mo dcx ozue{cx {cy u}edeqjy  od hyohebeof}c mo dj mobjfmj$ od }jbjúc ø{}ebc mod {ycoh}c xoyê jzuod zuo {oybe}j bjf}ofoy jd bâfebc dcx hcx}cx }c}jdox muyjf}o dj |emj ñ}ed ox}ebjmj Jd {ycoh}jy dj mobjfmj ox{oyjmj xo {uomo mex{cfoy mo uf hujmyc jfujd mo mobjfmjx fcybjdbof}o hyoheof}ox$ hyoheof}ox$ jd j{dehjy j{dehjy dj ohujheøf ohujheøf @ xo hjdhudj od fñboyc fñboyc mo {oyecmcx 'júcx% 'júcx% of zuo xo moxjyycddj od boyh bo yhjm jmc c moxm moxmo o zuo zuo xo efeh efehej ej dj {ycm {ycmuh uhhe heøf øf mo dj ob ob{y {yox oxj j hyojm hyojmj j {cy {cy od {yc {ycoh oh}c }c&& Dj mobj mobjfm fmj j hcyyox{cfmeof}o jd {oyecmc of zuo od boyhjmc ddo`j j xu moxjyycddc ø{}ebc hcyyox{cfmo jd }jbjúc ø{}ebc& G% :  Y

f

 : ∙ κ     Y ∙ : 2 : ∙ 9 w      κ     Y . :

 F ∙ f

mcfmo1 Y 2 Moxjyycddc {cyhof}ujd mo dj mobjfmj κ 2 Ow{cfof}o mod ljh}cy mo oxhjdj F 2 \emj ñ}ed mod ozue{c f 2 [oyâcmc ø{}ebc Od moxjyycddc {cyhof}ujd mo dj mobjfmj 'Y% ox ufj lufheøf mo dj }jxj mo hyohebeof}c ox}ebjmj mod boyhjmc 'y%$ zuo xo {uomo ow{yoxjy mo dj xe`ueof}o lcybj1 E%

Y2':.y%

_fj |oq hjdhudjmc od f ø{}ebc$ xo efhcy{cyj of dj løybudj xe`ueof}o$ {jyj mo}oybefjy od }jbjúc ø{}ebc mod {ycoh}c1  

A%

Mf 2Mc': .f y%

Mcfmo1 Mc 2 Bj`fe}um mod boyhjmc jh}ujd Mf 2 ]jbjúc ø{}ebc Ci|e Ci|ejb jbof of}o$ }o$ ox}o ox}o {ych {ychom omeb ebeo eof} f}c c xødc xødc hcfx hcfxem emoyj oyj dj yox} yox}ye yehh hheø eøf f mod mod bo boyh yhjm jmc$ c$ xef xef efhc efhcy{ y{cyj cyjyy djx djx debe}jhecfox zuo eb{cfof djx |jyejidox xoújdjmjx of dj ohujheøf 'I% Dj j{dehjheøf mo ox}jx løybudjx xu{cfo mex{cfoy mo eflcybjheøf hcflejido yodj}e|j j dj bj`fe}um mod boyhjmc boyhjmc jh}ujd$ jh}ujd$ jd moxjyycddc moxjyycddc ox{oyjmc ox{oyjmc mod boyhjmc$ j dj |emj ñ}ed mod ozue{c  jd ow{cfof}o ow{cfof}o mod hcx}c mo hj{e}jd&

8&8& Dchjdeqjheøf1 Of dj dchjdeqjheøf mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd dcx ljh}cyox zuo efhemof bêx |e`cycxjbof}o xcf1 :& 9& 8& =& ?& <&

_iehjh _iehjheøf eøf mod mod boyhj boyhjmc mc mo hcfx hcfxub ubc& c& Dj dchjdeqj dchjdeqjheøf heøf mo djx djx luof}ox luof}ox mo bj}oyej bj}oyej {yebj& {yebj& Mex{cfeie Mex{cfeiedemjm demjm  hjyjh}oyâx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx }ehjx mo dj bjfc mo mo ciyj& Ljhedemjm Ljhedemjmox ox mo }yjfx{cy} }yjfx{cy}o o  |âjx mo mo hcbufehjhe hcbufehjheøf øf jmohujmjx jmohujmjx Mex{cfeie Mex{cfeiedemjm demjm  hcx}c hcx}c mo mo ofoy`âj ofoy`âj odåh}yehj odåh}yehj  hcbiux hcbiux}eid }eido o Mex{cxehe Mex{cxehecfox cfox do`jdox$ do`jdox$ lexhjdox lexhjdox c mo {cdâ}ehj {cdâ}ehj mo dchjdeqjhe dchjdeqjheøf øf mo dj efmux}yej efmux}yej bjfuljh}uy bjfuljh}uyoyj oyj '|oy jfowcx EEE&:  EEE&9%& EEE&9%& 0& Mex{cfeie Mex{cfeiedemjm demjm mo xoy|ehecx xoy|ehecx {ñidehcx$ {ñidehcx$ j`uj$ }odålcfc$ }odålcfc$ |ejdemjm$ |ejdemjm$ eflyjox}yuh}u eflyjox}yuh}uyj$ yj$ odebefjheøf odebefjheøf mo moxohgcx& :?

Dj Dchjdeqjheøf mo dj Efmux}yej moioyê ox}jy of hcfhcymjfhej hcf dj fcybj}e|j ox}jidohemj {cy od Befex} Befex}oyec oyec mod Jbieof Jbieof}o }o  mo dcx Yohuyx Yohuyxcx cx Fj}uyj Fj}uyjdox dox Yofc|j Yofc|jido idoxx #c mod Befex} Befex}oyec oyec mo Xjfemj Xjfemjm m  Jxex}ofhej Xchejd$ meye`emcx j dj hcfxoy|jheøf$ molofxj  boacyjbeof}c mod jbieof}o$ xo`ñf dc mex{uox}c of od Mohyo}c Fc& 9;;: mod :8";?"78$ @jho}j Clehejd Fñboyc 89&057 mod 9<";7"78&

:<

HJ[Â]_DC E\1 EF@OFEOYEJ MOD [YCUOH]C& Dj ef`ofeoyâj mo uf {ycoh}c efmux}yejd }eofo {cy ciao}c ddofjy ufj mcido lufheøf1 {yeboyc$ dj mo j{cy}jy dj eflcybjheøf zuo {oybe}j gjhoy ufj o|jdujheøf ohcføbehj mod {ycoh}c>  xo`ufmc$ dj mo ox}jidohoy djx ijxox }åhfehjx xciyo djx zuo xo hcfx}yueyê o efx}jdjyê dj {djf}j$ of hjxc mo zuo od {ycoh}c mobuox}yo xoy ohcføbehjbof}o j}yjh}e|c& Dj {yeboyj ljxo mo dj ef`ofeoyâj mod {ycoh}c hcfxex}o of dj yojdeqjheøf mo ufj xoyeo mo jh}e|emjmox zuo }eofof {cy ciao}c ci}ofoy dj eflcybjheøf fohoxjyej {jyj dj jmc{heøf mo uf {ychoxc mo {ycmuhheøf jmohujmc> ox fohoxjyec zuo xo xodohhecfo dj }ohfcdc`âj j u}edeqjy$ ox mohey$ od {jzuo}o mo }åhfehjx$ {ychoxcx  {yêh}ehjx$ dj mo}oybefjheøf mo dcx efxubcx$ mo djx bj}oyejx {yebjx  djx ciyjx he|edox$ o}h& Of dj xo`ufmj ljxo xo ox{ohelehj ox{ohelehj dj bjzuefjyej$ bjzuefjyej$ ozue{cx ozue{cx  ciyjx he|edox he|edox {jyj ci}ofoy ci}ofoy hc}eqjhecfox hc}eqjhecfox  {yoxu{uox}cx$  hcf ox}j ijxo$ mo}oybefjy dj bj`fe}um mo dj ef|oyxeøf yozuoyemj&

=&:& [ychoxc [ycmuh}e|c1 Xo of}eofmo {cy {ychoxc djx }yjfxlcybjhecfox zuo yojdeqjyê od j{jyj}c {ycmuh}e|c hcfhoiemc of od {ycoh}c {jyj hcf|oy}ey ufj jmohujmj hcbiefjheøf mo efxubcx of heoy}j hjf}emjm mo {ycmuh}cx& Of ox}cx }åybefcx$ od {ychoxc xo emof}elehj hcf dj lufheøf mo {ycmuhheøf  xo hjyjh}oyeqj {cy dcx ox}jmcx efehejd  lefjd mo dj |jyejido zuo bemo od ciao}c mo xu jb{dejheøf '|oy jfowc E\&:%& Of buhgcx hjxcx od {ycoh}c fc {djf}oj {ycidobjx ox{ohejdox of hujf}c jd {ychoxc c xex}obj mo {ycmuhheøf> {oyc c}ycx$ ofheoyyjf hcb{doaemjmox  jd}oyfj}e|jx zuo hcf|eofo ow{dehjy hcfauf}jbof}o hcf djx xcduhecfox clyohemjx& Dj moxhye moxhye{he {heøf øf mod {ychoxc {ychoxc xo ljhed ljhede}j e}jyê yê hcf dj jumj jumj mo lduac lduac`yjb `yjbjx jx mo {ychox {ychoxc c c mej`yj mej`yjbjx bjx mo heyhudjheøf$ hcf}yeiuofmc jxâ j ufj boacy {yoxof}jheøf  hjdemjm&

=&9& Ijdjfho mo Bj}oyejdox1 Xo moioyê ox}jidohoy ox}jidohoy uf ijdjfho ijdjfho mo djx bj}oyejx {yebjx {yebjx  c}ycx efxubcx efxubcx {jyj hjmj {ycmuh}c {ycmuh}c zuo of}yjf j uf {ychoxc hcf dcx {ycmuh}cx$ xui{ycmuh}cx  mox{oymehecx$ zuo of åd xo cye`efjf& [jyj dj odjicyjheøf mo ox}cx ijdjfhox mo bj}oyejdox moiobcx hcfchoy dcx hcoleheof}ox }åhfehcx mo yofmebeof}cx of od {ychoxc$ {cyhof}jao mo xui{ycmuh}cx  {cyhof}jao mo mox{oymehecx&

=&8& [oyâcmc c{oyjhecfjd c{oyjhecfjd ox}ebjmc mo dj {djf}j1 Od {oyâcmc c{oyjhecfjd mo dj {djf}j$ xo hcfcho hcbc od {oyâcmc ohcføbehc mod {ycoh}c c |emj  ox od }eob{c zuo molefo }cmjx djx {ycohhecfox 'mobjfmj$ cloy}j$ ef`yoxcx$ o`yoxcx$ o}h&%& Dj |emj ñ}ed mod {ycoh}c xo ox}jidoho of lcybj {yêh}ehj$ mo jhuoymc hcf dj |emj ñ}ed ox}ebjmj mo dcx ozue{cx bêx hcx}cxcx mo dj ob{yoxj c mo jhuoymc hcf od {djqc jd hujd xo hcfcho c xo ox}ebj hcfxo`uey od {yåx}jbc& [jyj ox}jidohoydc ox}jidohoydc fohoxe}jbcx fohoxe}jbcx hcfchoy dj |emj ñ}ed mo dcx ozue{cx$ ozue{cx$ dj hujd ox ox}jidohem ox}jidohemj j {cy dcx ljiyehjf}ox c {oye}cx$ of od hjxc mo bjzuefjyej  ozue{cx uxjmcx&

=&=& Hj{jhemjm mo [ycmuhheøf1 Dj hj{jhemjm mo {ycmuhheøf xo moio xoújdjy of dj ufemjm ox{ohâlehj mo |of}j c hcboyhejdeqjheøf mo dj ob{yoxj1 {cy }e{c mo {ycmuh}cx$ nedcx$ ufemjmox$ b8$ o}h&$ xe xo uxjf ow{yoxecfox }jdox hcbc xjhcx$ dj}jx$ dj}jx$ o}h&> xo moio xoújdjy od {oxc  dj hjf}emjm hjf}emjm mo ufemjmox ufemjmox 'mod xex}obj bå}yehc mohebjd%$ mohebjd%$ j oloh}cx mo xeb{delehjy  gcbc`ofoeqjy dj ijxo mo hêdhudc& Xo jfjdeqj dj oxhjdj mo {ycmuhheøf {ycmuhheøf c djx yjqcfox jmuhemjx jmuhemjx {jyj dj odohheøf odohheøf mod }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j$ {djf}j$ dj hj{jhemjm mo {ycmuhheøf efx}jdjmj {yoxof}o  j dj zuo xo ddo`jyê mox{uåx mo oaohu}jmc od {ycoh}c$ hcfxemoyjmj hcbc dj hj{jhemjm bêwebj mo {ycmuhheøf of hcfmehecfox ø{}ebjx yojdox mo c{oyjheøf&

:0

Jmobêx$ xo moio xoújdjy od ye}bc mo xu u}edeqjheøf `yjmujd of od }eob{c o efmehjy od fñboyc mo }uyfcx  mâjx djicyjdox {cy júc$ jxâ hcbc dcx xu{uox}cx  ijxox {jyj od hêdhudc mo dj hj{jhemjm$ hcbc {cmyâj xoy1 dj boqhdj mo {ycmuh}cx$ {ycmuh}cx$ xux ox{ohelehjhecfox$  `jyjf}âj mo xubefex}yc xubefex}yc mo bj}oyej {yebj$ o}h& " Hj{jhemjm Efx}jdjmj Jh}ujd " Hj{jhemjm Efx}jdjmj _}edeqjmj " Hj{jhemjm mod [ycoh}c 'efhyobof}jd% " Hj{jhemjm Efx}jdjmj Hcfxcdemjmj Hcfxcdemjmj 'xe}ujheøf Jh}ujd Jh}ujd . [ycoh}c%

=&?& Mex}yeiuheøf mo dj Bjzuefjyej  Ozue{cx of dj {djf}j efmux}yejd 'Djcu}% Dj mex}yeiuheøf mo dj bjzuefjyej  ozue{cx mo}oybefjyê of jd}c `yjmc dj oleheofhej mo dj c{oyjheøf mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd$ j zuo jloh}j jd }eob{c  j dcf`e}um mo dcx mox{djqjbeof}cx mo bj}oyejdox  c{oyjyecx$ jxâ hcbc j djx ef|oyxecfox of ciyjx he|edox  of o f ozue{cx mo }yjfx{cy}o& [jyj ox}j mex}yeiuheøf mo bjzuefjyej  ozue{cx xo moiof }cbjy of huof}j dcx xe`ueof}ox ljh}cyox1 :& ]jbjúc  fñboyc mo mo dj bjzuefjyej  ozue{cx zuo hcb{yofmo od xex}obj mo {ycmuhheøf& 9& Djx {yo|execf {yo|execfox ox mod ox{jhec ox{jhec {cy yjqcfox yjqcfox mo {ychoxc {ychoxc 8& Dcx ox{jhecx yozuoyemcx {jyj jdbjhofjbeof}c  bjfoac mo bj}oyejdox of {ychoxc& {ychoxc& =& Dcx ox{jhecx ox{jhecx yozuoyemcx yozuoyemcx {cy yjqcfox mo xo`uyemjm xo`uyemjm efmux}yejd efmux}yejd ?& Djx {yo|execfox mod mod ox{jhec yozuoyemc {jyj jb{dejhecfox lu}uyjx of dj hj{jhemjm mo {ycmuhheøf& {ycmuhheøf& <& Fñboyc mo mo c{oyjyecx c{oyjyecx of hjmj ox}jheø ox}jheøf f mo }yjijac }yjijac 0& Dj {cxeiedemjm {cxeiedemjm mo efhcy{cyjheøf mo effc|jhecfox }åhfehjx&

=&<& [djfcx mo Mex}yeiuheøf mo dj [djf}j Dcx {djfcx mo mex}yeiuheøf mo dj {djf}j xey|of {jyj ox}jidohoy od }jbjúc  dj dchjdeqjheøf mo djx êyojx efmux}yejdox momehjmjx j1 yoho{heøf mo bj}oyejx {yebjx$ odjicyjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx$ xoy|ehecx juwedejyox$ hcf}ycd mo hjdemjm$ of|jxo  ob{jzuo$ jdbjhofjbeof}c o ef}oyhcbufehjheøf mo dj {djf}j& Dj bo}j lufmjbof}jd zuo xo {oyxe`uo ox ci}ofoy dj boacy yodjheøf of}yo ox{jhec$ ef|oyxeøf  hcx}cx mo {ycmuhheøf&

:7

HJ[Â]_DC \&1 CY@JFEQJHECF& ?&:& Jx{oh}cx @ofoyjdox1 Of od {ycoh}c xo moioyê ox}e{udjy od }e{c mo ob{yoxj zuo xo {eofxj ox}jidohoy$ lcybj auyâmehj$ lohgj mo hcfx}e}uheøf$ muyjheøf$ mcbehedec mo dj {djf}j  mo djx clehefjx$ bcf}c mod hj{e}jd xchejd  fjhecfjdemjm mo dcx jhhecfex}jx  {cyhof}jao mo {jy}ehe{jheøf mo hjmj ufc mo oddcx&

?&9 Ox}yuh}uyj Cy`jfeqj}e|j1 Ox}yuh}uyj mo dj Ob{yoxj1 xo yoleoyo j dcx yohuyxcx gubjfcx mex{cfeidox {jyj jmbefex}yjy od {ycoh}c& Jx{oh}cx Djicyjdox1 fñboyc mo ob{dojmcx$ }åhfehcx  ciyoycx jh}ujdox$ bcf}c mo dj føbefj jh}ujd  lu}uyj& [yoxof}jheøf mod cy`jfe`yjbj jmbefex}yj}e|c

:5

HJ[Â]_DC \E1 EF\OYXECFOX U LEFJFHEJBEOF]C1 Ox dj mo}oybefjheøf mo dcx yohuyxcx lefjfheoycx fohoxjyecx {jyj dj efx}jdjheøf  {uox}j of bjyhgj mo dj {djf}j efmux}yejd& Djx ef|oyxecfox of uf {ycoh}c xo me|emof of1

Ef|oyxecfox Leajx

]jf`eidox1 ]oyyofc$ hcfx}yuhhecfox$ bjzuefjyej  ozue{cx$ buoidox  ozue{cx mo clehefj$ efx}jdjheøf  bcf}jao& Ef}jf`eidox1 [uox}j of bjyhgj$ ox}umec ohcføbehc$ cy`jfeqjheøf$ moxjyycddc moxjyycddc mo ob{jzuox$ ob{jzuox$ ox}umecx ox}umecx  {djfox {djfox mo {ycmuh}e|e {ycmuh}e|emjm mjm  hjdemj hjdemjm$ m$ moxjyy moxjyycdd cddc c mo yohuyx yohuyxcx cx gubjfc gubjfcx$ x$ ef}oy ef}oyoxox oxox muyjf} muyjf}o o dj hcfx}yuhheøf$ eb{yo|ex}cx  c}ycx |efhudjmcx hcf od {ycoh}c&

Ef|oyxecfox Ef|oyxecfox of jh}e|cx jh}e|cx heyhudjf}ox c Hj{e}jd Hj{e}jd mo ]yjijac1 Bj}oyejx {yebjx$ [ycmuh}cx of {ychoxc$ }oybefjmcx  of }yjfxe}c$ huof}jx {cy hciyjy o Ef|of}jyec mo yo{uox}cx  goyyjbeof}jx& <&: Ef|oyxecfox of jh}e|cx leacx }jf`eidox1 Djx ef|oyxecfox leajx }jf`eidox xo jmzueoyof mo ufj |oq muyjf}o dj o}j{j mo efx}jdjheøf mod {ycoh}c  xo u}edeqjf j dc dc djy`c mo xu |emj ñ}ed& <&:&:& ]oyyofc1 Xo ox{ohelehjf djx mebofxecfox$ dâbe}ox  |jdcy mod }oyyofc& Jñf hujfmc lcybj {jy}o mo dj ef|oyxeøf$ xo moio owhduey mod lefjfhejbeof}c$ yoheiemc c {cy yoheiey mo LCFHYOE <&:&9& Hcfx}yuhheøf1 Xo moio ox{ohelehjy od |jdcy mo hjmj ufj mo djx êyojx mo hcfx}yuhheøf> }jbieåf dj yoloyemj j `jx}cx mo ef|oyxeøf j oaohu}jy {cy dj ob{yoxj luoyj mod êyoj lâxehj mo dj {djf}j zuo efhdu efhduo1 o1 efx}jd efx}jdjhe jhecfo cfoxx c jhcbo} jhcbo}emj emjxx mo odo odoh}y h}yehe ehemjm mjm$$ j`uj$ j`uj$ efx}jd efx}jdjhe jhecfo cfoxx xjfe}j xjfe}jyej yejxx  c}ycx c}ycx xoy|ehecx& <&:&8& <&:&8& Bjzuefjye Bjzuefjyej j  Ozue{cx1 Ozue{cx1 ]cbjfmc dcx yozuoyebeof yozuoyebeof}cx }cx ox}ebjmcx ox}ebjmcx of od Hj{â}udc Hj{â}udc mo Ef`ofeoyâj Ef`ofeoyâj  Jx{oh}cx ]åhfehcx$ xo {ychomo j odjicyjy od hujmyc hcyyox{cfmeof}o of mcfmo xo efhduof1 }cmj dj bjzuefjyej  ozue{cx zuo lcybjf {jy}o mod {ychoxc mo {ycmuhheøf& Xo yohcbeofmj ox}ebjy ox}j ef|oyxeøf j {yohecx HEL& <&:&=& <&:&=& Buoidox Buoidox  ozue{cx mo clehefj1 clehefj1 [jyj ox}ebjy djx fohoxemjm fohoxemjmox ox {uomo |jdoyxo |jdoyxo mo dcx {yc|oomcyox ox{ohejdeqjmcx  ox}ebjhecfox {yc{ejx$ mo jhuoymc j dcx {djfcx  j dcx yozuoyebeof}cx mo {oyxcf {oyxcfjd$ jd$ mo}oybe mo}oybefjm fjmcx cx of od hj{â}u hj{â}udc dc mo Ef`ofe Ef`ofeoyâj oyâj  xciyo xciyo dj Ob{yoxj Ob{yoxj$$ ox hcf|of hcf|ofeof eof}o }o odjicyjy uf hujmyc mo yozuoyebeof}cx 'fc lefjfhejido {cy Lcfhyoe%& <&:&?& <&:&?& Efx}jd Efx}jdjhe jheøf øf  Bcf}ja Bcf}jao1 o1 Hcb{yof Hcb{yofmo mo dcx `jx}cx `jx}cx mo bj}oyej bj}oyejdox dox  bjfc bjfc mo ciyj mo }åhfehcx }åhfehcx  c{oyjyecx$ yozuoyemcx {jyj oloh}ujy dj efx}jdjheøf mo dj bjzuefjyej  ozue{cx& <&:&<& <&:&<& Bj}oyej Bj}oyejdd mo }yjfx{ }yjfx{cy} cy}o1 o1 Xcf jzuodd jzuoddcx cx |ogâhu |ogâhudcx dcx u}edeqjm u}edeqjmcx cx {cy dj ob{yox ob{yoxj j {jyj {jyj }yjfx{ }yjfx{cy} cy}jy jy dcx {ycmuh}cx lefjdox {jyj xu hcboyhejdeqjheøf 'fc lefjfhejido {cy Lcfhyoe%&

<&9& Ef|oyxecfox of jh}e|cx leacx ef}jf`eidox1 <&9&: <&9&: Hcx}cx Hcx}cx mo cy`jfeqjh cy`jfeqjheøf$ eøf$ mod {ycoh}c$ {ycoh}c$ {j}of}ox  xebedjyox1 xebedjyox1 Djx {j}of}ox {j}of}ox  hcx}cx hcx}cx xebedjyox xebedjyox$$ xo {uomof hcfxemoyjy hcbc jh}e|cx ef}jf`eidox jbcy}eqjidox of uf {djqc yodj}e|jbof}o iyo|o> djx {j}of}ox  hcx}cx xebedjyox$ xe xo {j`jf xo`ñf od fñboyc mo ufemjmox mo {ycmuhheøf '{cy oaob{dc1 djx yo`jdâjx% xoyêf {jy}o meyoh}j mo dcx hcx}cx mo lufhecfjbeof}c> {oyc xcf {jy}o mo dj ef|oyxeøf xe xo {j`jf mo ufj |oq$ jd hcbeofqc& <&9&9& Hcx}cx mo ef`ofeoyâj  jmbefex}yjheøf mo dj efx}jdjheøf1 Ox}cx hcx}cx hcb{yofmof od {j`c mo dcx xoy|ehecx }åhfehcx mo jxoxcyâj  jmbefex}yj}e|cx zuo xo hjuxjf muyjf}o od {ychoxc mo efx}jdjheøf& 9;

<&9&8& Hcx}c mo {uox}j of bjyhgj1 Xo yoleoyo j dcx moxobicdxcx c {åymemjx {cy c{oyjheøf zuo xo cye` cye`ef efjf jf jd {yci {ycijy jy dj efx} efx}jd jdjh jheø eøf f  {cfoy {cfoydj dj of bj bjyh yhgj gj gjx} gjx}j j jdhj jdhjfq fqjy jy uf lufh lufhec ecfj fjbe beof of}c }c xj}exljh}cyec& Xo moiof efhduey of dj ef|oyxeøf leaj  hcf}jy hcf dcx yohuyxcx lefjfheoycx fohoxjyecx {jyj jlycf}jy ox}j {yeboyj o}j{j& <&9&=& <&9&=& Ef}oyox Ef}oyoxox ox muyjf} muyjf}o o dj hcfx}y hcfx}yuh uhheø heøf1 f1 Hcb{yo Hcb{yofmo fmo dcx ef}oyox ef}oyoxox ox zuo zuo mo|of` mo|of`jyâ jyâj j dj ef|oyx ef|oyxeøf eøf xe ox}u|eoxo hcdchjmj 'gjx}j dj {uox}j of bjyhgj mo dj ob{yoxj%$ ox mohey$ gjx}j zuo dj {djf}j ob{eoqj j {ycmuhey& J }jd oloh}c$ moio meloyofhejyxo of}yo dcx ef}oyoxox hjy`jmcx j dj ef|oyxeøf cye`efjmcx muyjf}o dj hcfx}yuhheøf$ dcx hujdox lcybjf {jy}o mo åx}j  jzuoddcx zuo efhemof of od lufhecfjb lufhecfjbeof}c eof}c mox{uåx mox{uåx mo dj {uox}j of bjyhgj$ bjyhgj$ zuo j xu |oq lcybjf {jy}o mod hcx}c meyoh}c mo {ycmuhheøf  xo {j`jf jfujdbof}o& 'fc lefjfhejido {cy LCFHYOE%& <&9& <&9&?& ?& Eb{y Eb{yo| o|ex ex}c }cx1 x1 Ox yohcb yohcbof ofmj mjid ido o efhd efhdue ueyy uf yuiy yuiyc c mo eb{y eb{yo| o|ex ex}c }cx$ x$ }jf} }jf}c c {jyj {jyj {jy} {jy}em emjx jx fc hcfxemoyjmjx$ hcbc {jyj dj oxhjdjheøf mo {yohecx 'fc xcf lefjfhejidox {cy LCFHYOE%

<&8& Ef|oyxecfox of jh}e|c heyhudjf}o c hj{e}jd mo }yjijac1 Od hj{e}jd {yox}jmc j dj ob{yoxj$ j hcy}c {djqc$ {uomo ddo`jy j oddj mo me|oyxjx lcybjx$ xeofmc dj bêx lyohuof}o dcx hyåme}cx hcfhomemcx {cy dcx ijfhcx mo Ef|oyxeøf& Dcx yuiycx hcb{yofmemcx of ox}o j{jy}o xcf dcx xe`ueof}ox1 J% Oloh}e|c Oloh}e|c yojdeqj yojdeqjido& ido& Efhdu Efhduofmc ofmc of ox}o ox}o hcfho{} hcfho{}c c " Ef|of}jyec mo Bj}oyejx [yebjx " Ef|of}jyec mo [ycmuh}cx of [ychoxc " Ef|of}jyec mo [ycmuh}cx ]oybefjmcx  of ]yêfxe}c ]y êfxe}c " Hyåme}cx c huof}jx {cy hciyjy j hdeof}ox " Ef|of}jyec mo yo{uox}cx  goyyjbeof}jx& Xo mo}oybefj od |jdcy mo hjmj â}ob mo jhuoymc hcf od hcx}c  od }eob{c mo efjbc|edemjm mod mefoyc& I% Moumjx Moumjx j {yc|oomcyox1 {yc|oomcyox1 Xo mo}oybefj mo}oybefj dc zuo xo hcfxubo hcfxubo {cy mâj  xo bud}e{de bud}e{dehj hj {cy od hyåme}c hyåme}c zuo yoheieyê dj ob{yoxj '{cy hcfho{}c mo {yc|oomcyox%& H% Mex{cfei Mex{cfeido1 do1 Xo mo}oybefj mo}oybefj dj hjf}emjm hjf}emjm bâfebj bâfebj mo mefoyc mex{cfeid mex{cfeido o zuo moio }ofoy dj ob{yoxj {jyj {jyj huiyey1 {j`c mo xjdjyecx$ xuodmcx$ xoy|ehecx$ `jx}cx mo jmbefex}yjheøf  mo bjf}ofebeof}c$ muyjf}o uf {oyâcmc mo}oybefjmc& Ox}j hjf}emjm xo hcfcho hcbc1 Hj{e}jd mo ]yjijac& Od Hj{e}jd mo ]yjijac 'H]% xoyâj e`ujd j1 H] 2 J " I . H C}yj bjfoyj {yêh}ehj mo hjdhudjy od hj{e}jd mo }yjijac hcfxex}o of mo}oybefjy dcx `jx}cx of oloh}e|c {cy júc$ júc$ jmehec jmehecfjy fjydo do uf {cyhof {cyhof}ja }jao o mo eb{yo|e eb{yo|ex}c x}cx$ x$ duo`c duo`c ox}ebj ox}ebjyy dcx `jx}cx `jx}cx bofxuj bofxujdox dox  oxo yoxud}jmc$ bud}e{dehjydc {cy od }eob{c zuo }yjfxhuyyj$ moxmo od efehec mo jh}e|emjmox gjx}j od {yeboy hciyc&

<&=& Yoxubof mo djx Ef|oyxecfox1 Ox od }c}jd {yc|ofeof}o mo dj xubj mo1 Ef|oyxecfox Leajx1  ]jf`eidox Bjx '.% Ef}jf`eidox Bjx '.% Hj{e}jd mo ]yjijac E`ujd '2% ]c}jd Ef|oyxecfox 2222222222222

<&?& Hycfc`yjbj mo oaohuheøf mod {ycoh}c 1 9:

Ox dj yo{yoxof}jheøf of B& mo Ix& mo dcx xuhoxe|cx moxobicdxcx ox}ebjmcx$ hcflcybo jd [djf mo Ef|oyxecfox  jd }eob{c mo oaohuheøf mod {ycoh}c '|oy jfowc \E&:%&

<&<& Lefjfhejbeof}c1 Mo jhuoymc j dc xoújdjmc of od Jy}âhudc 0 mo djx Fcybjx C{oyj}e|jx$ Lcfhyoe lefjfhejyê od 0;/ mo dj ef|oyxeøf }c}jd mod {ycoh}c j oaohu}jyxo& Dcx yuiycx zuo {uomof xoy lefjfhejidox hcb{yofmof1

E& Ef|oyxecfox leajx& j% Bjzuefjyej  ozue{cx$ hcf efhduxeøf mo djicyj}cyecx mo hcf}ycd mo hjdemjm& i% Hcfx}yuhheøf mo ciyjx he|edox& h% @jx}cx mo efx}jdjheøf  bcf}jao& m% Jhcfmehecfjbeof}c  jhhoxcyecx mo bjzuefjyej  ozue{cx& o% ]yjxdjmc  youiehjheøf mo {djf}jx efmux}yejdox&

EE& Jh}e|cx ef}jf`eidox1 j% Jh}e|emjmox mo [yo ef|oyxeøf  ox}umecx mo ljh}eiedemjm& i% ox}umecx  {djfox1 " mo boyhjmc> " ox}yj}å`ehcx> " ohcføbehcx> " `oyofhejdox> " {ycmuh}e|emjm  hjdemjm& h% Moxjyycddc mo ob{jzuo& m% Moxjyycddc mo boyhjmcx  hjfjdox mo mex}yeiuheøf& o% Hcf}yj}jheøf mo xoy|ehecx {ycloxecfjdox& l% Moxjyycddc mo yohuyxcx gubjfcx& `% [uox}j of bjyhgj&

EEE& Hj{e}jd ]yjijac

mo

j% Bjfc mo ciyj meyoh}j& i% Bj}oyej {yebj& h% C}ycx `jx}cx mo ljiyehjheøf&

<&0& [djf mo Ef|oyxecfox1 Ox od {yc`yjbj hcf}of}e|c mo }cmjx djx ef|oyxecfox j yojdeqjyxo of od {ycoh}c$ efmehjfmc djx luof}ox mo lefjfhejbeof}c '\oy Jfowc \E&9%&

99

HJ[Â]_DC \EE1 [YOX_[_OX]C MO @JX]CX O EF@YOXCX 1 Of ox}o hj{â}udc xo moioyê mobcx}yjy zuo od {ycoh}c ox yof}jido  zuo {uomo yojdeqjyxo hcf dcx yohuyxcx lefjfheoycx {yc`yjbjmcx& Efhduo uf {djf lefjfheoyc hcb{do}c {jyj od {oyâcmc mo ef|oyxeøf  od jfêdexex lefjfheoyc mod {ycoh}c$ j lef mo mo}oybefjy$ {cy uf djmc$ xe ox ohcføbehjbof}o |ejido$  {cy od c}yc$ od {djqc mo jbcy}eqjheøf$ o}h& [jyj ljhede}jy dj o|jdujheøf xo yozueoyo {yoxof}jy dcx ox}jmcx lefjfheoycx j {yohecx  hcx}cx hcfx}jf}ox muyjf}o uf {oyâcmc e`ujd$ hujfmc bofcx$ jd {djqc mod hyåme}c>  `uejyxo$ }jf}c {jyj dj {yoxof}jheøf mo mehgcx ox}jmcx hcbc {jyj dj mo}oybefjheøf mo c}ycx hêdhudcx o âfmehox$ {cy dcx lcybj}cx zuo jhcb{jújf j ox}o mchubof}c$ xoújdjfmc djx ijxox  xu{uox}cx u}edeqjmcx&

0&:& Xe}ujheøf lefjfheoyj jh}ujd1 [oybe} [oybe}o o od jfêdex jfêdexex ex mo dcx ox}jmc ox}jmcxx lefjfh lefjfheoyc eoycxx jume}j jume}jmcx mcx$$ hcyyox hcyyox{cf {cfmeo meof}o f}oxx j dcx }yox '8% ñd}ebc ñd}ebcxx oaoyhehecx$ xødc of hjxc mo jb{dejheøf mo dj ob{yoxj '\oy Jfowc1 J{åfmeho$ Âfmehox Lefjfheoycx%

0&9& Xe}ujheøf lefjfheoyj {ycoh}jmj1 [jyj [jyj od hjxc hjxc mo {ycoh {ycoh}cx }cx mo jb{dej jb{dejheø heøf$ f$ bcmoyfe bcmoyfeqjh qjheøf eøf c yohcf| yohcf|oyx oyxeøf eøf xo moioyê moioyêf f yojdeqj yojdeqjyy djx {ycohhecfox mo dj xe}ujheøf jh}ujd mo dj ob{yoxj$ dj mod mo d {ycoh}c  hcfxcdemjmj& 0&9&: [yoxu{uox}c mo `jx}cx1 [cy yjqcfox mo hjyêh}oy jfjdâ}ehc of dj lcybudjheøf mod {ycoh}c$ ox hcf|ofeof}o me|emey dcx hcx}cx of1 j" Hcx}c [yebc i" @jx}cx mo Ljiyehjheøf h" @jx}cx mo Jmbefex}yjheøf  \of}jx m" @jx}cx lefjfheoycx j%

Od Hcx}c [yebc& Efhduo$ Bj}oyejx [yebjx$ C}ycx bj}oyejdox meyoh}cx&  Bjfc mo Ciyj Meyoh}j& Ox mohey$ mohey$ zuo od Hcx}c Hcx}c [yebc [yebc ox od hcx}c hcx}c mo jzuodd jzuoddcx cx efxubcx efxubcx zuo xo efhcy{ efhcy{cyj cyjf f jd {ycmuh} {ycmuh}c c }oybefjmc of lcybj meyoh}j& " Bj}oyejx [yebjx1 Xo hjdhudj hjdhudj j {jy}ey mo dcx yozuoyebeof}cx yozuoyebeof}cx mo bj}oyejx {yebjx$ hujx {ycohhecfox xo ox}ebjf mo jhuoymc jhuoymc jd Hcoleheof}o Hcoleheof}o ]åhfehc ]åhfehc mo yozuoyebeof} yozuoyebeof}cx cx mo bj}oyej bj}oyej {yebj {cy ufemjm ufemjm mo {ycmuh}c }oybefjmc& Jd e`ujd zuo of od hjxc jf}oyecy$ {uomof odjicyjyxo hujmycx {cy xo{jyjmc c {yoxof}jyxo of uf xcdc hujmyc mo yozuoyebeof}cx  hcx}cx& " C}ycx bj}oyejdox bj}oyejdox meyoh}cx1 meyoh}cx1 ]jbieåf ]jbieåf xo {ycoh}jf {ycoh}jf mo jhuoymc hcf od yozuoyebeof yozuoyebeof}c }c {cy ufemjm mo {ycmuh}c }oybefjmc  xo {uomof odjicyjy dcx hujmycx of e`ujd lcybj& " Bjfc Bjfc mo Ciyj Meyoh}j1 Meyoh}j1 Ox}o yuiyc yuiyc xo hjdhudj hjdhudj hcf ijxo j dcx yozuoye yozuoyebeo beof}c f}cxx mo bjfc mo ciyj ciyj cye`efjmcx {cy dcx mex}ef}cx {ychoxcx {ycmuh}e|cx  of {yc{cyheøf j dj {ycmuhheøf mo dcx meloyof}ox júcx& Dcx xuodmcx #c xjdjyecx xo ox}jidohof mo jhuoymc hcf dcx xuodmcx #c xjdjyecx jh}ujdox {jyj hjmj }e{c mo djicy$ jmehecfêfmcdo djx hjy`jx xchejdox yo`djbof}jyejx& [jyj xu ox}ebjheøf xo odjicyjf mcx hujmycx {cy xo{jyjmc$ ufc xciyo dcx yozuoyebeof}cx mo bjfc mo ciyj j }yj|åx mod }eob{c  c}yc hcf od hcx}c zuo yo{yoxof}jf& [jyj lefox mo {yoxof}jheøf mod {ycoh}c xo moio yobe}ey od hujmyc zuo yo{yoxof}j dcx hcx}cx jfujdox {cy ox}o hcfho{}c '|oy jfowc \EE&:%&

98

i%

@jx}cx @jx}cx mo Ljiyehj Ljiyehjheø heøf& f& Efhdu Efhduof1 of1 dj Bjfc Bjfc mo Ciyj Ciyj Efmeyoh Efmeyoh}j$ }j$ Odoh} Odoh}yeh yehemj emjm$ m$ Hcbiux Hcbiux}ei }eido$ do$ Yo{uox}cx Yo{uox}cx {jyj bjf}ofebeof}c$ bjf}ofebeof}c$ Mo{yohejheøf Mo{yohejheøf mo bjzuefjyej bjzuefjyej  ozue{cx$ ozue{cx$ Jbcy}eqjheøf Jbcy}eqjheøf mo jh}e|cx jh}e|cx meloyemcx$ Ycjd}eox$ Eb{uox}cx efmeyoh}cx  C}ycx `jx}cx mo ljiyehjheøf& " Bjfc mo ciyj efmeyoh}j1 Ox}o Ox}o `jx}c efhduo dj bjfc mo ciyj juwedejy juwedejy mo dj {ycmuhheøf$ {ycmuhheøf$ hdjxeleh hdjxelehjmj jmj xo`ñf xu fñboyc$ xuodmcx  xjdjyecx$ {yox}jhecfox xchejdox  c}yjx yobufoyjhecfox& " Odoh}yehemjm1 Hcb{yofmo od `jx}c mo ofoy`âj o foy`âj odåh}yehj mo dcx ozue{cx  od jdubiyjmc mo dj {djf}j$ mo djx clehefjx  êyojx mo xoy|ehec> xo hjdhudj mo jhuoymc hcf dcx hcfxubcx ox}ebjmcx {cy dcx {yc|oomcyox  hcf djx }jyeljx mod xoy|ehec& " Hcbiux}eido1 Dcx yozuoyebeof}cx y ozuoyebeof}cx mo hcbiux}eido xo ox}ebjf mo jhuoymc jd hcfxubc yozuoyemc {cy ufemjm mo bj}oyej {yebj {ychoxjmj  j{dehjfmc dj }jyelj owex}of}o& " Yo{uox Yo{uox}cx }cx {jyj {jyj bjf}of bjf}ofebe ebeof} of}c1 c1 Dcx `jx}cx `jx}cx {cy ox}o ox}o hcfho{ hcfho{}c }c xo ox}ebj ox}ebjf f ox}jid ox}jidohe oheofm ofmc c uf {cyhof}jao xciyo od |jdcy mo dj bjzuefjyej  ozue{cx& " Mo{yoh Mo{yohejh ejheøf eøf mo bjzuef bjzuefjye jyej j  ozue{c ozue{cx1 x1 Owex}o Owex}of f |jyecx |jyecx bå}cmcx bå}cmcx mo mo{yoh mo{yohejh ejheøf eøf$$ {oyc {oyc od bêx u}edeq u}edeqjmc jmc ox od mo Mo{yoh Mo{yohejh ejheøf eøf defojd defojd xef |jdcy yoxemu yoxemujd$ jd$ j zuo zuo ljhede ljhede}j }j dcx dcx hêdhud hêdhudcx cx of dcx {ycoh}cx& [jyj [jyj j{de j{dehj hjyy ox}o ox}o bå bå}c }cmc mc xo yozue yozueoy oyo o od |jdc |jdcyy mod mod ozue ozue{c {c  xu |emj |emj ñ}ed ñ}ed&& [jyj [jyj hjdh hjdhud udjy jy dj mo{yohejheøf jfujd xeb{dobof}o xo me|emo od |jdcy mod ozue{c of}yo o f}yo dj |emj ñ}ed ox}ebjmj& Dj mo{yohejheøf jfujd ox uf `jx}c leac muyjf}o dj |emj ñ}ed mod [ycoh}c '|oy Jfowc \EE&9%& "Jbcy}eqjheøf mo jh}e|cx jh}e|cx meloyemcx1 Dcx `jx}cx {cy ox}o hcfho{}c hcfho{}c xo mex}yeiuof mex}yeiuof muyjf}o dcx júcx mo dj |emj ñ}ed mod jh}e|c& [oybjfoheofmc hcfx}jf}o od hcx}c hjdhudjmc {cy ox}o hcfho{}c& J ox}o }e{c mo hcx}cx xo dox efhduo hcbc1 Jbcy}eqjheøf mo @jx}cx Meloyemcx '|oy Jfowc \EE&9% "Ycjd}eox1 Hcb{yofmo od {j`c mo djx {j}of}ox  c}ycx hcx}cx xebedjyox$ xe xo {j`jf$ xo`ñf od fñboyc mo ufemjmox mo {ycmuhheøf& " Eb{uox}cx efmeyoh}cx1 Dcx eb{uox}cx eb{uox}cx j zuo xo yoleoyo od yuiyc hcb{yofmoyêf dj }yeiu}jheøf {cy dcx ieofox yjâhox zuo yozueoyj dj ob{yoxj  zuo xojf mo xu {yc{eomjm$ jxâ hcbc jzuoddcx eb{uox}cx efmeyo efmeyoh}c h}cxx yod yodjhe jhecfj cfjmcx mcx hcf dj {ycmuh {ycmuhheø heøf& f& [cy oao oaob{d b{dc$ c$ od eb{uox eb{uox}c }c j djx |of}jx |of}jx xo hjy`j hjy`j j jd`ufjx bj}oyejx {yebjx c bj}oyejdox& Of dcx hcx}cx mo {ycmuhheøf fc xo efhduo od Eb{uox}c Xciyo dj Yof}j& "C}ycx "C}ycx `jx}cx `jx}cx mo ljiyeh ljiyehjhe jheøf1 øf1 Ijac Ijac ox}o ox}o hcfho{ hcfho{}c }c xo efhdu efhduof of `jx}cx `jx}cx }jdox }jdox hcbc1 hcbc1 Xoy|ehe Xoy|ehecx cx mo {ycmuhheøf$ Jyyofmjbeof}c {ycmuhheøf$ [yebjx mo xo`uyc '{ycmuhheøf%$ ufelcybox$ ic}jx  ozue{cx mo xo`uyemjm$ 'hjxhc$ `ujf}ox {jyj od {oyxcfjd mo djx efx}jdjhecfox$ o}h&%&

h%

@jx}cx @jx} cx mo Jm Jmbe befe fex} x}yj yjhe heøf øf  \o \of} f}jx jx1 Efhd Efhdu uo o djx djx yobu yobufo foyj yjhe hecf cfox ox mod mod {oyx {oyxcf cfjd jd mo Jmbefex}yjheøf  \of}jx$ dj Mo{yohejheøf$ dj Jbcy}eqjheøf mo jh}e|cx meloyemcx  C}ycx `jx}cx mo jmbefex}yjheøf  |of}jx& " Yobufoyjhecfox1 Efhduo xuodmcx  xjdjyecx mod {oyxcfjd jmbefex}yj}e|c  mo |of}j$ [yox}jhecfox xchejdox  C}yjx yobufoyjhecfox& " Hcbufehjh Hcbufehjhecfox1 ecfox1 Xo efhduof }odålcfcx$ }odålcfcx$ }odow$ ljw$ hcyyoc$ o}h&> {jyj ox}jidohoyd ox}jidohoydcx cx xo gjho ufj ox}ebjheøf bofxujd  xo odo|j j hcx}c jfujd& " Mo{yohejheø Mo{yohejheøf1 f1 Xo efhduof efhduof xødc djx mo{yohejhec mo{yohejhecfox fox mo djx omelehjhecf omelehjhecfox ox  ozue{cx ozue{cx u}edeqjmcx u}edeqjmcx of jmbefex}yjheøf  |of}j& " Jbcy}eqjh Jbcy}eqjheøf eøf mo jh}e|cx jh}e|cx meloyemcx1 meloyemcx1 Xo mex}yeiu mex}yeiuof of muyjf}o muyjf}o dj |emj ñ}ed mod jh}e|c$ {cy xoy `jx}cx `jx}cx meloyemcx& 9=

"C}ycx `jx}cx mo jmbefex}yjheøf  |of}jx1 Ijac ox}o hcfho{}c xo efhduof `jx}cx }jdox hcbc1 xo`uyc xo`uycx$ x$ @jx}cx @jx}cx mo clehef clehefj$ j$ @jx}cx @jx}cx `ofoyjd `ofoyjdox$ ox$ @jx}cx @jx}cx mo |eê}eh |eê}ehcx$ cx$ Hcbexe Hcbexecfo cfoxx xciyo xciyo |of}j$ |of}j$ [uidehemjm$ o}h&

m%

@jx}cx @jx}cx Lefjfheoycx Lefjfheoycx1 Hcyyox{cfmo j dcx ef}oyoxox j xoy {j`jmcx {cy dcx {yåx}jbcx {yo|ex}cx$ hjdhudjmcx xo`ñf djx hcfmehecfox mod 'c dcx% {yåx}jbc 'x% j xcdehe}jy& '\oy jfowc \EE&8%& " Ef}oyox Ef}oyoxox1 ox1 Xo hjdhud hjdhudjf jf }cbjfm }cbjfmc c of huof}j huof}j od bcf}c bcf}c mo dcx {yåx}jbc {yåx}jbcxx {yo|ex} {yo|ex}cx$ cx$ dcx {djqcx {djqcx hcfhomemcx  djx }jxjx mo ef}oyåx |e`of}ox {jyj od bcbof}c mo dj lcybudjheøf mod {ycoh}c& [jyj dcx oloh}cx mod hêdhudcx xo moio }ofoy huemjmc of hjy`jy c meloyey od {j`c mo dcx ef}oyoxox hjuxjmcx muyjf}o dcx júcx mo `yjhej$ dc hujd mo{ofmo mo djx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mod lefjfhejbeof}c& Dj Ox}yuh}uyj mo Hcx}cx mod [ycoh}c  mo dj Ob{yoxj$ of od hjxc mo jb{dejheøf '|oy Jfowcx \EE&=  \EE&?%&

0&8& [yoxu{uox}c mo Ef`yoxcx1 Ef`yoxcx1 f`yoxcx1

Mo jhuoymc hcf djx {ycohhecfox mo dj mobjfmj mo {ycmuh}cx }oybefjmcx$ mod {ycoh}c  dcx {yohecx ufe}jyecx mo dcx {ycmuh}cx$ xo ci}eofof dcx ef`yoxcx {ycoh}jmcx& Yo{yoxof}êfmcdcx bomejf}o od xe`ueof}o hujmyc1

JÚC JÚCX ?&;&:&:&:&: WW WW WW

?&;&:&:&: [YCM_H] CX N@X& J: J9 J8

[YOHEC _FE]JYEC IX&#N@

]C]JD IX&

I: I9 I8

J: w I: J9 w I9 J8 w I8

Xe xcf |jyecx dcx {ycmuh}cx$ xo odjicyj od hujmyc mo dj lcybj bêx hcf|ofeof}o&

0&=& Ox}jmc mo yoxud}jmcx {ycoh}jmcx 1  ]jbieåf xo do mofcbefj [yoxu{uox}c mo Ef`yoxcx  Hcx}cx c Ox}jmc mo [åymemjx  @jfjfhejx o efmehj$ {jyj hjmj ufc mo dcx júcx mo dj |emj ñ}ed mod [ycoh}c$ dcx mex}ef}cx ef`yoxcx  `jx}cx of zuo efhuyyeyê dj ob{yoxj hcbc yoxud}jmc mo xu `ox}eøf {ycmuh}e|j& Buox}yj djx u}edemjmox fo}jx zuo xo ox{oyjf& Od hêdhudc mod eb{uox}c xciyo dj yof}j 'EXDY$ xo`ñf dj do`exdjheøf%$ jxâ hcbc dj _}edemjm dâzuemj '|oy Jfowcx \EE&<  \EE&0%&

0&?& [yoxu{uox}c mo Hjaj1  ]jbieåf xo do hcfcho hcbc Lduac mo Hjaj& Ox uf jfêdexex lefjfheoyc zuo buox}yj od Lduac mod Oloh}e|c> yjqøf {cy dj hujd xey|o {jyj hcfchoy dj hj{jhemjm mo {j`c mo dj ob{yoxj  muyjf}o xu odjicyjheøf$ {oybe}o mo}oh}jy od fñboyc mo júcx of dcx hujdox djx ob{yoxjx moiof yohuyyey yo huyyey j {yåx}jbcx cymefjyecx& Fc moio hcflufmeyxo xu ef}oy{yo}jheøf hcf dj mo dcx Ox}jmcx mo Yoxud}jmcx [ycoh}jmcx$ j zuo of åx}cx xo }yj}j mo mobcx}yjy huêdox xcf djx _}edemjmox dâzuemjx ox{oyjmjx$  xo yodjhecfjf dcx ef`yoxcx hcf dcx o`yoxcx 'hcx}cx% of oloh}e|c  hjdhudjmcx 'mo{yohejhecfox$ `jx}cx meloyemcx%> beof}yjx zuo of od lduac mo hjaj hjaj xo }yj}jf }yj}jf hcbc hcbc ef`yox ef`yoxcx cx }jf}c }jf}c djx |of}jx |of}jx$$ hcbc hcbc dcx ef`yoxcx ef`yoxcx {yc|of {yc|ofeof eof}ox }ox mo c}yjx c}yjx luof}o luof}oxx '{yåx}jbcx$ |of}jx mo ieofox$ mo{yohejheøf$ jbcy}eqjheøf mo `jx}cx meloyemcx$ o}h&%  of dcx o`yoxcx$ xo hcdchjf djx ef|oyxecfox  dcx hcx}cx {j`jmcx of oloh}e|c '|oy Jfowcx \EE&7  \EE&5%&

0&<& Hujmyc mo Luof}o  _xcx mo Lcfmcx 1 9?

Xo }yj}j mo mox}jhjy  hdjxelehjy of hj}o`cyâjx jmohujmjx od cye`of  mox}efc mo }cmcx dcx yohuyxcx lefjfheoycx of djx o}j{jx mo oaohuheøf  c{oyjheøf mod {ycoh}c& Od hujmyc moio {oybe}ey dj ox}ebjheøf mo djx mex{cfeiedem mex{cfeiedemjmox jmox jfujdox yoxud}jf}ox$ yoxud}jf}ox$ efmehjfmc efmehjfmc djx jxe`fjhecfox jxe`fjhecfox zuo xo {uomof gjhoy j yuiycx hcbc1 xoy|ehec mo {yåx}jbcx$ {j`c mo me|emofmcx  hcfx}e}uheøf mo yoxoy|jx$ mo jhuoymc hcf dj {cdâ}ehj lefjfheoyj zuo xo {yc{cf`j {jyj dj ob{yoxj yox{cfxjido mod {ycoh}c& Od hujmyc xo {yo{jyj molefeofmc of hjmj dâfoj djx mex}ef}jx luof}ox  uxcx mo dcx lcfmcx  uiehjfmc of djx xuhoxe|jx hcdubfjx dcx |jdcyox yodj}e|cx j hjmj {oyâcmc lefjfheoyc '{cy júcx c xux lyjhhecfox c {cy {oyâcmcx bêx djy`cx of dcx zuo ox}cx o x}cx mj}cx xojf hcfx}jf}ox%&

0&0& [uf}c mo Ozuedeiyec1 Od hêdhudc mod {uf}c mo ozuedeiyec {uomo ci}ofoyxo bomejf}o mcx bå}cmcx meloyof}ox$ od jd`oiyjehc  od `yêlehc& 0&0&:&Bå}cmc jd`oiyjehc1 Ox}o bå}cmc yoxud}j bu hcf|ofeof}o {jyj mo}oybefjy od {uf}c mo ozuedeiyec& [jyj xu hêdhudc {cmyê xoy u}edeqjmj dj xe`ueof}o xebicdc`âj1 I2 U 2 H} 2 L 2 \ 2 | 2 [ 2 W 2 O 2 H] 2

Iofolehec Ef`yoxc oxc {cy |of} of}jx Hcx}c }c}jd Hcx}c leac }c}jd Hcx}c cx}c |jye |jyeji jiddo }c}jd c}jd Hcx}c |jyejido ufe}jyec [yohec ufe}jyec \cdu \cdubo bof f mo [ycm [ycmuh uhhe heøf øf [uf}c ozu ozuedeiyec Hj{jh j{jhem emjm jm }c}j }c}jdd

Xjieofmc zuo1 :% I 2 U " H} 9% U 2 [ & W 8% H} 2 L . |W I 2 '[ w W% " 'L . |W% Of od {uf}c mo ozuedeiyec$ od iofolehec ox e`ujd j hoyc {cy dc zuo od ef`yoxc$ xoyê e`ujd jd hcx}c }c}jd> }c}jd> mo jhuoymc jhuoymc j djx }yox ohujhecfox ohujhecfox jf}oyecyox jf}oyecyox xo {uomof odjicyjy odjicyjy mcx løybudjx iêxehjx iêxehjx mod {uf}c mo ozuedeiyec& :% I 2 '[ w W% " 'L . |W% 2 ; Mo mcfmo1 [ & W 2 L . |W L 2 [W " |W 9% L 2 W '[ " |% "Ozuedeiyec of |cdubof <

O 2 W '[ " |% 2 L Yoxcd|eofmc {jyj O 2 W  O  2  W   2

 L   [  ∙ \ 

"Ozuedeiyec of / mo hj{jhemjm  O  2

 W  H] 

 W :;; 9<

 O  2  W 

2

 L 

&

:;;

' [  ∙\ % H] 

" Ozuedeiyec of \jdcy1 _f bå}cmc mo hêdhudc zuo fc yozueoyo uxjy od {yohec ufe}jyec mo |of}j$ od hujd ox |of}jacxc hujfmc owex}of |jyejx dâfojx mo {ycmuh}cx$ ox od xe`ueof}o1 Xo mofcbefjyê1 [O 2 [uf}c mo Ozuedeiyec HL 2 Hcx}cx Leacx H\ 2 Hcx}cx \jyejidox \ 2 \of}jx 'fo}jx% I\ 2 Iofolehec x#|of}jx BX 2 Bjy`of mo Xo`uyemjm YJ 2 Yodjheøf mo J{cy}jheøf  [O  2

HL  H\ 

:∙  I\ 

BX 

2

\ 

2

HL   I\   I\ 

\ 

2  YJ  YJ

∙  [O   [O  \ 

 [O    [O  2: ∙  :;; W  :;;  \  

0&0&9&Bå}cmc @yêlehc1 Lufmjbof}jdbof}o$ od bå}cmc `yêlehc }eofo 9 huy|jx> ufj mo ef`yoxcx c |of}jx  c}yj mo hcx}cx$ djx hujdox xo hcy}jf of od {uf}c mo ozuedeiyec& [jyj }yjqjy djx dâfojx mo hcx}cx  mo ef`yoxcx ox fohoxjyec hcf}jy hcf ufj oxhjdj mo hjf}emjmox j lef mo mjy |jdcyox j mehgjx dâfojx&

0&7&]jxj mo Moxhuof}c  Hye}oyecx Jd}oyfj}e|cx {jyj dj O|jdujheøf mo [ycoh}cx 1 Dj fj}uyjdoqj mo dcx {ycoh}cx mo ef|oyxeøf ox }jd zuo dcx iofolehecx  dcx hcx}cx mo uf {ycoh}c fcybjdbof}o youfeyêf of meloyof}ox {oyâcmcx j }yj|åx mod }eob{c& Moiemc j zuo ufj mo}oybefjmj hjf}emjm mo mefoyc mex{cfeido jgcyj ox hcfxemoyjmj bêx |jdecxj zuo dj bexbj xubj yoheiemj of od lu}uyc$ ox fohoxjyec mjydo bêx {oxc j dcx hcx}cx  iofolehecx zuo chuyyof bêx }ob{yjfc& Od bjcy |jdcy j}yeiuemc j dcx hcx}cx hcx}cx  iofolehecx bêx }ob{yjfcx xo xo moio j zuo od mefoyc mex{cfeido mex{cfeido gc {oybe}j }jf}c ef|oyxeøf yof}jido hcbc hcfxubc of}yo ox}o bcbof}c  od lu}uyc& Dj owex}ofhej mo ox}o |jdcy jxchejmc jd }eob{c {oybe}o j dcx zuo {yox}jf mefoyc hciyjy uf ef}oyåx& ]jbieåf moiemc j zuo dj ef|oyxeøf }eofo uf yo}cyfc ox{oyjmc {cxe}e|c$  jd gohgc zuo od hcfxubc {yoxof}o xo |jdcyo bêx zuo od hcfxubc lu}uyc gjho zuo dcx zuo }cbjf {yåx}jbcx ox}åf o x}åf mex{uox}cx j {j`jy uf ef}oyåx {cy mehgcx {yåx}jbcx& Dj meloyofhej of}yo od bcf}c mo mefoyc zuo xo yoheio gc  od bcf}c zuo xo moioyâj yoheiey mof}yc mo uf júc$ zuo yefmj uf |jdcy ozue|jdof}o$ {uomo xoy ow{yoxjmc hcbc uf {cyhof}jao>  ox ddjbjmc$ dj }jxj mo moxhuof}c& [cy oaob{dc$ xe ufj {oyxcfj |jdcyj mo dj bexbj bjfoyj Ix& :;; gc zuo Ix& ::; mo jzuâ j uf ':% júc {cmobcx ow{yoxjy ox}j o x}j ozue|jdofhej hcbc1 :;; 2 L::; Mcfmo1 L 2 ljh}cy mo moxhuof}c 2

: : . Y

Y 2 }jxj mo moxhuof}c& Of ox}o hjxc Y 2 ;&: 90

Hcf ox}j eflcybjheøf xo {uomo hjdhudjy od |jdcy {yoxof}o mo dcx iofolehecx fo}cx lu}uycx 'hujfmc dj }jxj mo moxhuof}c ox hcfx}jf}o%1 ':% \jdcy {yoxof} {yoxof}o o of od júc c mo ufj hjf}em hjf}emjm jm yoheiemj yoheiemj of od júc júc f2

 If ∙ Hf % ' If

': . Y% f

Mcfmo If xo yoleoyo j dcx ef`yoxcx c iofolehecx }c}jdox  Hf j dcx hcx}cx c `jx}cx }c}jdox of od júc f& Xe xo }eofo zuo o|jdujy ufj xoyeo mo ef`yoxcx  {j`cx lu}uycx of}cfhox$ hjmj ef`yoxc c {j`c }eofo zuo xoy moxhcf}jmc mo jhuoymc jd fñboyc mo júcx gjx}j xu yojdeqjheøf& [jyj ofhcf}yjy od |jdcy {yoxof}o mo ufj hcyyeof}o hcyyeof}o mo iofolehecx iofolehecx fo}cx$ {yeboyc xo moio j{dehjy j{dehjy od ljh}cy mo moxhuof}c moxhuof}c j{yc{ejmc j{yc{ejmc j hjmj lduac lduac  duo`c xubjy }cmcx dcx |jdcyox moxhcf}jmcx& Xu{øf`jxo zuo xo }eofo uf {ycoh}c zuo muyj hefhc '?% júcx  zuo }eofo uf lduac mo hjaj fo}c& Od {yeboy {jxc ox od mo mo}oybefjy dj }jxj mo moxhuof}c {jyj hjmj júc& Lefjdbof}o xo bud}e{dehjf dcx ljh}cyox mo moxhuof}c {cy od lduac mo hjaj  xo xubjf dcx yoxud}jmcx& Fø}oxo zuo od \jdcy [yoxof}o mo hujdzueoy lduac lu}uyc jubof}jyê xe dj }jxj mo moxhuof}c mexbefuo& [cy dc }jf}c$ hujf}c bjcy xoj dj }jxj mo moxhuof}c  hujf}c bêx doajfc ox}å of od }eob{c ox}o lduac$ bofcy xoyê od |jdcy {yoxof}o& Od |jdcy {yoxof}o {yoxof}o mo ufj hcyyeof}o hcyyeof}o mo iofolehecx iofolehecx fo}cx 'Ic " Hc%$ 'I: " H:%$ 'If " Hf% {umo xoy ow{yoxjmc jd`oiyjehjbof}o hcbc1 \JF 

2

 Ic ∙ Hc % ' Ic

': .  Y%

c

.

' I: ∙ H : % ': .  Y%

:

. &&&&&&&& .

 If ∙ Hf % ' If

': .  Y% f

'9% f

\JF  '] %

2√ } 2c

' I}   I}  ∙ H} % ': .  Y%

} 

0&5&\jdcy jhubudjmc fo}c mo uf {ycoh}c 1 Of du`jy mo moxhcf}jy }cmcx dcx lduacx jfujdox mo uf {ycoh}c of od júc efehejd mod bexbc$ xo {cmyâj }jbieåf owjbefjy od |jdcy jhubudjmc fo}c of od ñd}ebc júc mod {ycoh}c& Of ox}o hjxc$ of |oq mo moxhcf}jy dcx |jdcyox of hjmj lduac ox}cx }eofof zuo xoy hcb{uox}cx& Xe xo o|jdñj uf {ycoh}c hcf ufj |emj mo huj}yc júcx$ of xu júc lefjd$ }ofobcx zuo bomey od |jdcy jhubudjmc mo dcx lduacx mo hjaj mo dcx júcx ;$ :$  9 of od júc }oybefjd 8& Ox}c {uomo xoy ow{yoxjmc jd`oiyjehjbof}o hcbc1 '8% f

\FH  \F H 

2 √' I}  ∙ H} %': .  Y% f∙}  } 2;

Mcfmo f ox od ñd}ebc júc mod {ycoh}c& Of {jy}ehudjy xo mobuox}yj zuo od |jdcy jhubudjmc fo}c ox uf bñd}e{dc hcfx}jf}o mod \JF& Xe xo {jy}o mod \JF 'ohujheøf 9%1 f

' I}   I}  ∙ H} %

√ ': . Y%

} 

} 2c

97

 xo xo bud}e{dehj bud}e{dehj {cy dj hcfx}jf}o ': . Y% f xo }eofo1 f

' I}  ∙ H} %

√ ': .  Y%

} 

f

': .  Y% 2 f

} 2c

√' I}  ∙ H} %': . Y%

f ∙} 

} 2c

zuo ox dj ohujheøf '8% Hjmj }åybefc of dj ohujheøf '8% ox uf bñd}e{dc hcfx}jf}o ':.Y% f"} mo dj ohujheøf '9%& [cy dc }jf}c$ hujfmc xo hcb{jyj od |jdcy {yoxof}o fo}c mo dcx {ycoh}cx fc eb{cy}j of zuo júc xo o|jdñjf dcx {ycoh}cx xeob{yo zuo }cmcx dcx {ycoh}cx xo o|jdñof o |jdñof of od bexbc júc&

0&:;&\jdcy [yoxof}o Fo}c c \jdcy Jh}ujd Fo}c '\JF%1 Hujfmc xo hjdhudj od \JF mo uf {ycoh}c$ od {yeboy {jxc ox od mo yox}jy }cmcx dcx hcx}cx$ of uf {oyâcmc$ mo dcx iofolehecx of mehgc {oyâcmc {jyj ci}ofoy dcx iofolehecx fo}cx '{cxe}e|cx c fo`j}e|cx%& Duo`c$ xo ode`o ufj }jxj mo moxhuof}c zuo bemj od hcx}c mo c{cy}ufemjm mo dcx lcfmcx hcf uxcx jd}oyfj}e|cx of dj ohcfcbâj& _}edeqjfmc ox}j }jxj mo moxhuof}c$ xo do eb{u}j j hjmj {ycoh}c uf hcx}c mo lcfmcx e`ujd jd yo}cyfc ohcføbehc$ of dj boacy jd}oyfj}e|j& [cy dc }jf}c od \JF mo uf {ycoh}c bemo od bcf}c of od zuo dj ohcfcbâj ox}jyê {ocy& Ox}j hjyjh}oyâx}ehj mod \JF$ zuo ox heoy}j ijac }cmjx djx heyhufx}jfhejx$ hcfmuho j uf {yeboy høme`c zuo xo moio yohcymjy1 —Fc jho{}jy {ycoh}c jd`ufc j bofcx zuo `ofoyo uf \JF {cxe}e|c$ hujfmc xo moxhuof}j u}edeqjfmc od hcx}c mo c{cy}ufemjm mo dcx lcfmcx‒& Of xo`ufmc du`jy hujfmc owex}o ufj xe}ujheøf mo yox}yehheøf of dcx lcfmcx$ ox mohey$ hujfmc fc xo {uomof lefjfhejy }cmcx dcx {ycoh}cx hcf uf \JF {cxe}e|c  xo }eofo zuo odo`ey of}yo dcx mex}ef}cx {ycoh}cx$ moiobcx cixoy|jy djx xe`ueof}ox yo`djx1 —Hujfmc owex}o ufj yox}yehheøf mo lcfmcx$ odeaj odeaj od xuihcfauf}c mod {ycoh}c {ycoh}c mo }jd bjfoyj$ zuo od \JF `ofoyjmc {cy dcx lcfmcx xoj od bêwebc‒ —Of ufj xe}ujheøf of dj zuo fc owex}o yox}yehheøf mo lcfmcx {oyc xo moio odo`ey of}yo {ycoh}cx bu}ujbof}o owhduof}ox$ xo odo`eyê xeob{yo jzuoddj jd}oyfj}e|j zuo `ofoyo od bjcy \JF‒&

0&::& ]jxj Iofolehec " Hcx}c1 Ox}o hye}oyec {jyj hdjxelehjy ef|oyxecfox ox ufc mo dcx bêx u}edeqjmcx& Dj yjqøf iofolehec " hcx}c xo hjdhudj me|emeofmc$ od |jdcy {yoxof}o mo dcx iofolehecx of}yo od |jdcy {yoxof}o mo dcx hcx}cx& _}edeqjfmc hcbc }jxj mo moxhuof}c dj zuo yoldoaj od hcx}c mo dcx lcfmcx& Iofolehec " Hcx}c Hcx}c 2 \jdcy [yoxof}o mo Iofolehecx \jdcy [yoxof}o mo dcx Hcx}cx _xjfmc ox}o hye}oyec xo yozueoyo zuo dj yjqøf xoj bjcy zuo ufc ':% {jyj zuo od {ycoh}c xoj jho{}jido&

0&:9& [oyâcmc mo Yohu{oyjheøf mo dj Ef|oyxeøf 1 Ox}o Ox}o hye} hye}oy oyec ec ox bu bu u}ed u}edeq eqjm jmc c {cy {cy dj xofh xofhed eddo doqq mod mod bå bå}c }cmc mc  {cyz {cyzuo uo {cfo {cfo åflj åfljxe xexx of dj {ycf {ycf}j }j yohu{oyjheøf mo dj ef|oyxeøf& Of xu |oyxeøf bêx xeb{do$ od {oyâcmc mo yohu{oyjheøf bemo od fñboyc mo júcx zuo }cbjyâj j dcx iofolehecx$ xef moxhcf}jy 'lduacx mo hjaj fo}cx {cxe}e|cx%$ od yo{j`jy dj ef|oyxeøf& _f dâbe}o jyie}yjyec xe}ñj of uf bêwebc od fñboyc mo júcx$  xødc dcx {ycoh}cx zuo {yox}of xuleheof}ox iofolehecx mof}yc mod {oyâcmc$ xo jho{}jf& _fj |oyxeøf xclex}ehjmj mo ox}j yo`dj hcb{jyj dcx |jdcyox moxhcf}jmcx mo dcx iofolehecx hcf dj ef|oyxeøf efehejd& Xef obijy`c$ od xu{uox}c eb{dâhe}c mod {oyâcmc mo yohu{oyjheøf ox zuo$ dcx iofolehecx zuo xo ci}eofof mox{uåx mod bcbof}c mo yohu{oyjheøf$ xcf }jf efheoy}cx zuo mod bcbof}c mo yohu{oyjheøf xcf }jf efheoy efheoy}cx }cx zuo mod bcbof} bcbof}c c mo yohu{o yohu{oyjh yjheøf eøf xcf }jf efheoy efheoy}cx }cx zuo {uomof {uomof xoy e`fcyjm e`fcyjmcx& cx&  ]jbieåf e`fcyj dj ef|oyxeøf zuo xo }of`j zuo gjhoy mox{uåx mod {oyâcmc efehejd& 95

0&:8& ]jxj Ef}oyfj mo Yo}cyfc1 Dj }jxj ef}oyfj mo yo}cyfc ']EY% xo molefo hcbc jzuoddj }jxj mo ef}oyåx zuo j{dehjmj j dcx ef`yoxcx  `jx}cx mo uf {ycoh}c$ {jyj hjmj júc mo dj |emj mo dj ef|oyxeøf$ ozuedeiyj c fe|odj xux |jdcyox jd {yoxof}o& Dj ]EY xo ci}eofo {cy dj xcduheøf mo1 f

' I}  ∙ H} %

√ ': .  Y%

} 

2;

} 2c

Mcfmo dj Y xo gjho ; od \JF$ ox e`ujd jd ]EY& Dj `yjf |of}jaj mo dj ]EY ox}yeij of od gohgc mo zuo {uomo xoy hjdhudjmj ñfehjbof}o hcf dcx mj}cx mod {ycoh}c& Of {jy}ehudjy$ fc xo fohoxe}j fef`ñf mj}c xciyo od o d hcx}c mo c{cy}ufemjm mo dcx lcfmcx&

0&:=& Jfêdexex mo Yeox`c1 Od yeox`c mo uf {ycoh}c mo ef|oyxeøf dc {cmobcx molefey hcbc dj |cdj}edemjm c |jyejiedemjm mo dcx lduacx mo hjaj yojdox yox{oh}c j dcx lduacx ox}ebjmcx$ beof}yjx bjcy xoj dj |ejiedemjm mo ox}cx lduacx bjcy xoyê od yeox`c j zuo xo ofhcf}yjyê xcbo}emc od {ycoh}c mo ef|oyxeøf& Od jfêdexex mo yeox`c }eofo xu lufmjbof}jheøf o eb{cy}jfhej of dcx ñd}ebcx júcx moiemc j dj efhoy}emubiyo o efox}jiedemjm mo fuox}yj ohcfcbâj& Of od yeox`c {cmobcx emof}elehjy mcx hcb{cfof}ox$ od Yeox`c @ofoyjd ijxjmc of od of}cyfc ohcføbehc o hcføbehc  dj {cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj mo uf {jâx 'yeox`c {jâx%  od Yeox`c Ox{ohâlehc jxchejmc j djx {jy}ehudjyemjmox {yc{ejx mo hjmj fo`chec&

³Høbc bomebcx od yeox`c mo uf {ycoh}c3 _fc mo dcx bå}cmcx bêx }yj}jmcx ox j }yj|åx mo dj mex}yeiuheøf mo {ycijiedemjmox mo dcx lduacx mo hjaj ox{oyjmc {cy od {ycoh}c$ xe dj mex{oyxeøf mo ox}cx lduacx ox bu jd}j$ bjcy xoyê od yeox`c efgoyof}o j fuox}yc {ycoh}c mo ef|oyxeøf& Djx lcybjx {yohexjx {jyj bomey ox}jx mex{oyxecfox {uomof yojdeqjyxo hcf dcx xe`ueof}ox bå}cmcx1 ':% Mox|ejheøf ox}êfmjy& '9% Dj Mo{ofmofhej o Efmo{ofmofhej mo dcx lduacx mo hjaj of od }eob{c& '8% Od jaux}o j dj }jxj mo moxhuof}c& '=% Ozue|jdofhej j hoy}emubiyo  od }yjmehecfjd êyicd mo mohexeøf& Dj eb{cy}jfhej mo ox}j bo}cmcdc`âj yjmehj of dj efhcy{cyjheøf mod ljh}cy yeox`c j dj mohexeøf of dj ef|oyxeøf mo hj{e}jd {jyj dc`yjy mexbefuey dj efhoy}emubiyo  od yeox`c of fuox}ycx {ycoh}cx Ohcføbehcx ‘ Lefjfheoycx&

8;

HJ[E]_DC \EEE& 1 JFJDEXEX LEFJFHEOYC1 _fj |oq lcybudjmc od {ycoh}c xo moio {ychomoy j o|jdujydc& Owex}of |jyecx bå}cmcx mo o|jdujheøf> {oyc dcx bêx u}edeqjmcx xcf1 Yof}jiedemjm Yodjheøf iofolehec # hcx}c [oyâcmc mo yohu{oyjheøf mod hj{e}jd \jdcy {yoxof}o fo}c  ]jxj ef}oyfj mo yo}cyfc mo dj ef|oyxeøf }c}jd  ]jxj ef}oyfj mo yo}cyfc mod ef|oyxecfex}j Hcioy}uyj mo dj moumj Hj{jhemjm mo {j`c Dcx {ycoh}cx {ye|jmcx {uomof xoy o|jdujmcx moxmo od {uf}c mo |ex}j mo dj ohcfcbâj of xu hcfauf}c> dc zuo xo u}edeqj {jyj dj o|jdujheøf mo dcx {ycoh}cx mod ox}jmc$ {oyc }jbieåf {uomof xoy o|jdujmcx moxmo od {uf}c mo |ex}j mo dj of}emjm lefjfheoyj$ moxmo od {uf}c mo |ex}j mo dj ob{yoxj$ c gjx}j mod hj{e}jd {yc{ec mod ef|oyxecfex}j&

7&:& JFJDEXEX MO XOFXEIEDEMJM1 [jyj jxo`uyjyxo mo dj icfmjm mo uf {ycoh}c$ c {yo|ofey j dj ob{yoxj mo dcx jx{oh}cx zuo {uomjf efhemey bêx of dj }jxj mo yof}jiedemjm$ yo f}jiedemjm$ xo yojdeqjf {yuoijx mo xofxeiedemjm& Djx {yuoijx mo xofxeiedemjm hcfxex}of of bcmelehjy djx hcfmehecfox mod {ycoh}c of yodjheøf j jd`ufcx jx{oh}cx  bomey dc zuo xuhomo hcf dcx {jyêbo}ycx mo o|jdujheøf '\[F$ ]EY$ I#H%$  Yohu{oyjheøf mod Hj{e}jd$ o}h& Djx {yuoijx mo xofxeiedemjm {uomof yoloyeyxo j1 " \jyejheøf of dcx ef`yoxcx " \jyejheøf of dcx hcx}cx Xo meho zuo od {ycoh}c ox xofxeido j mo}oybefjmj hcfmeheøf$ hujfmc dj |jyejheøf {cyhof}ujd mo dj ]EY c \[F$ ox bjcy zuo dj |jyejheøf {cyhof}ujd efmuhemj {jyj od jfêdexex mo xofxeiedemjm&

7&9& HCFHD_XECFOX U YOHCBOFMJHECFOX1 Xo moiof {yoxof}jy hcfhduxecfox yodj}e|jx j dcx jx{oh}cx mo}oybefjf}ox mod {ycoh}c$ ox{ohejdbof}o of dc yoloyof}o jd boyhjmc$ {yohecx$ {yo hecx$ }ohfcdc`âj  dcx jx{oh}cx ohcføbehcx " lefjfheoycx& Moiof {yoxof}jyxo djx yohcbofmjhecfox bêx {oy}efof}ox of yodjheøf hcf hjmj ufc mo dcx mex}ef}cx jx{oh}cx mod {ycoh}c  xciyo dj mohexeøf mo yohcbofmjy c fc dj oaohuheøf mod {ycoh}c> jxâ hcbc mo dcx jx{oh}cx c hcfmehecfox owex}of}ox zuo moiof bcmelehjyxo {jyj od boacy moxjyycddc mod {ycoh}c&

8:

JFOWCX

89

Jfowc EEE&: XOH_OFHEJ MO JH]E\EMJMOX [JYJ XODOHHECFJY DJ DCHJDEQJHECF MO _FJ [DJF]J EFM_X]YEJD OX]_MEC MO BOYHJMC

MEX[CEIEDEMJM MO BJ]OYEJX [YEBJX

Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx& Bj}oyej [yebj

Mex}yeiuheøf @oc`yêlehj

Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx& Bj}oyej [yebj

Mex}yeiuheøf @oc`yêlehj

[cxeidox {uf}cx mo dchjdeqjheøf

]jyeljx mo ]yjfx{cy}o

Mo}oybefjheøf

\cdubof Bj}oyej [yebj

\cdubof mo [ycmuh}c

Yo|exeøf mo mex{cxe" hecfox do`jdox |e`of}ox

Hcx}c ufe}jyec mo ]yjfx{cy}o

Mo}oybefjheøf Hcx}cx mo ]yjfx{cy}o

]jbjúc mo dj [djf}j

Mex}jfhej mo ]yjfx{cy}o

Yo|exeøf c}ycx ljh}cyox mo dchjdeqjheøf

[yoxodohheøf  {uf}cx jd}oyfj}e|cx mo dchjdeqjheøf

Yo|exeøf mo mex{cfe"  iedemjm  hcx}c mo c}ycx efxubcx

Dchjdeqjheøf lefjd mo dj {djf}j

Jfowc EEE&9 88

MOHYO]C YOLOYOF]O J DJ [CDE]EHJ MO DCHJDEQJHECF EFM_X]YEJD BJF_LJH]_YOYJ MO LOHGJ ;:";7"5:$ [_IDEHJMC OF DJ @JHO]J CLEHEJD F± 8=&078 MO LOHGJ 98";7"5: QCFJ E ':%

QCFJ EE ':%

QCFJ EEE

QCFJ E\

Mex} Mex}ye ye}c }c Lom Lomoyjd oyjd$$ Bufe Bufehe he{e {ecx cx Ju}øf }øfcb cbcx cx$$ Xuhy Xuhyo$ o$ Ijyu Ijyu}j }j$$ @ujh @ujhje je{u {uyc yc$$ Hj Hjyy yyye yeqj qjdd  Dcx Dcx Xjdejx mod Ox}jmc Beyjfmj&

Hjyjic Hjyjicic$ ic$ Jyj`u Jyj`uj$ j$ owho{} owho{}c c od Bufehe{ec _ymjfo}j  od Ox}jmc Beyjfmj$ owho{}c dcx Bufehe{ecx Ju}øf }øfcb cbcx cx Xuhyo$ hyo$ Ijyu Ijyu}j }j$$ @ujh @ujhje je{u {uyc yc  Dcx Dcx Xjde Xjdejx jx mod mod Ox}jmc Beyjfmj&

Xo j{de j{dehj hjyj yj dcx dcx ox}j ox}jid idoh ohem emc c of od Mohyo}c Do F":8? mo lohgj ;=";<" 0=$  od Mohyo}c Do 0:8 mo lohgj 9:";:"0?& Fc xo clyohoyê {cy {jy}o mod Ox}jmc efhof}e|c jd`ufc of bj}oyej hyom hyome} e}eh ehej ej$$ lexh lexhjd jd c }jye }jyelj ljye yej j zuo zuo }eofmj j {ycbc|oy dj efx}jdjheøf& :& ]cmjx jzuoddjx jb{dejhecfox mo efx}jdjhecfox zuo ox}åf hcb{yof hcb{yofmem memjx jx of od Mohyo} Mohyo}c c mo Yohcf Yohcf|o |ofh fheø eøf f Efmu Efmux} x}ye yejd jd ox}ê ox}êf f owof owof}j }j mo dc mex{ mex{u uox}c ox}c of od {yoxof}o Jy}âhudc& 9&[cmyêf jb{dejyxo djx owho{hecfox {yo| {yo|ex ex}j }jxx of od Jy}â Jy}âhu hudc dc 0:8 0:8 mo lohgj 9:#;:#0?&

Qudej$ Qudej$ Ldjhøf$ Ldjhøf$ ]êhgeyj$ ]êhgeyj$ Båyemj$ Båyemj$ Od oaohu}e oaohu}e|c |c fjhecf fjhecfjd jd {ycbc| {ycbc|oyê oyê  ]yuaeddc$ Ijyefjx$ J{uyoyolc yo $ lcyq yqjy jyê ê djx dchjd chjdeq eqjh jheecfox cfox  [cy}u cy}u`u `uox oxj$ j$ Djyj Djyj$$ Hcaaomox Hc omox$$ ow{ ow{jfxecfox efmux}yejdox mo   Ujyjhu$ Ujyjhu$ @uêyehc$ @uêyehc$ Jfqcê}o`u Jfqcê}o`ue$ e$ jhuo jhuoym ymc c j dc ox} ox}jid jidohe ohemc of od Xuhyo$ Fuo|j Ox{jy}j$ Bcfj`jx$ Mohyo}c o}c Do Fc& :8= :8= mo lohgj Icdâ|jy  od Bufehe{ec _ymjfo}j ;=#;<#0=& mod Ox}jmc Jyj`uj& Jbjqcfjx  Mod}j Jbjhuyc&

Od oaohu}e oaohu}e|c |c fjhecf fjhecfjd jd {ycbc| {ycbc|oyê oyê  yolc yolcyq yqjy jyê ê djx dchjd chjdeq eqjh jheecfox cfox  ow{ ow{jfxecfox efmux}yejdox mo jhuo jhuoym ymc c j dc ox} ox}jid jidohe ohemc of od Mohyo}c o}c Do Fc& :8= :8= mo lohgj ;=#;<#0=&

':% [yo|ej xcdehe}um mod ob{yoxjyec$ LCFHYOE xcdehe}jyê$ jf}o od Befex}oyec mo Lcbof}c$ djx Ju}cyeqjhecfox yodj}e|jx j dj Dchjdeqjheøf D chjdeqjheøf Efmux}yejd Bjfuljh}uyoyj&

8=

Jfowc E\&: MEJ@YJBJ MO [YCHOXC MO ]YJFXLCYBJHECF OX]JMC EFEHEJD Efxubcx [yefhe{jdox

Ieofox$ yohuyxcx fj}uyjdox zuo xcf ciao ciao}c }c mod mod {ych {ychox oxc c mo }yjfxlcybjheøf 'bj}oyejx {yebjx  ciao}cx% Efxubcx Xohufmjyecx

Ieofox c yohuyxc yxcx fohoxjyecx {jyj yojd yojdeq eqjy jy od {ych {ychox oxc c mo }yjf }yjfxl xlcy cybj bjhe heøf øf$$ }jf} }jf}c c {jyj xu c{oyjheøf hcbc {j y j xu bjf}ofebeof}c 'me|oyxjx lcybjx mo ofoy`âj$ ieofox c yohuyxcx zuo fc zuom zuomjf jf efhc efhcy{ y{cy cyjm jmcx cx lâxehjbof}o jd ieof lefjd$ o}h&%&

[YCHOXC MO ]YJFXLCYBJHEØF

OX]JMC LEFJD

[ychoxc

[ycmuh}cx '{yefhe{jdox%

[ych [ychox oxc1 c1 Moxh Moxhye ye{h {heø eøf f Ieof Ieofox ox  yohu yohuyx yxcx cx zuo zuo xef}o}eqjmj mo djx ljxox gjf gjf xuly xulyem emc c od {ycho {ychoxc xc foho fohoxjy xjyej ejxx {jyj {jyj {jxjy {jxjy mo }yjfxlcybjheøf& mod ox}jmc efehejd jd ox}jmc lefjd& Ozue{jbeof}c$ ozue{c o efx}jdjhecfox fohoxjyejx {jyj yojdeqjy djx }yjfxlcybjhecfox xoújdjmjx& [oyxcf yxcfjd jd mo me|o me|oyx yxjx jx hjdelehjhecfox$ fohoxjyec {jyj gjhoy lufhecfjy od {ychoxc mo }yjfxlcybjheøf&

Xui{ycmuh}cx

Ieofox Ieofox  yohuyxc yohuyxcxx zuo gjf ow{oyebof}jmc xødc {jyhejd" bof}o od {ychoxc mo }yjf }yjfxl xlcy cyb bjh jheø eøf f c zuo zuo xcf xcf hcfxohuofhej fc {oyxo`uemj mo ox}o {ychoxc {oyc zuo }eofof uf |jdc jdcy ohcføbehc$ jufzuo mo hjyêh}oy bjy`efjd$ {j y j dj aux}elehjheøf mo c{oyjheøf }c}jd& Yoxemucx

Yoxemucx {ycmuhemcx of dj }yjf }yjfxl xlcy cybj bjhe heøf øf zuo zuo hjyohof mo |jdcy ohcføbehc of od {yox {yoxof of}o }o ox}j ox}jmc mc mo dj }åhfehj&

8?

0 HYCF HYCFC@ C@Y YJBJ JBJ MO EF\ EF\OY OYXE XECF CFOX OX 'BEDOX MO ICDE\JYOX%

Jfowc \E&:

BOXOX HCFHO[]C

: 9 8 = ? < 0 7 5 : : : ; : 9

]C]JD EF\OY" XECF

]OYYOFC HCFX]Y_HHECF BJZ_EFJYEJ U  OZ_E[CX EFX]JDJHECF U  BCF]JAO [_OX]J OF BJYHGJ ]YJXDJMC EF]OYOXOX M_YJF]O DJ HCFX]Y_HHECF EB[YO\EX]CX HJ[E]JD MO ]YJIJAC C]YCX <&: ]C]JD ]C]JD EF\OYX EF\OYXECF ECFOX OX

8<

Jfowc \E&9 7 [DJ [DJF MO EF EF\OYX OYXECF ECFOX EF\OYXECF U L_OF]OX MO LEFJFHEJBEOF]C'Ix&%

HCFHO[]C

J[CY]O [YC[EC

J[CY]O LCFHYOE

C]YJX ]C]JD L_OF]OX EF\OYXECF

80

]OYYOFC HCFX]Y_HH ECF BJZ_EFJYE J U  OZ_E[CX EFX]JDJHEC F U  BCF]JAO [_OX]J OF BJYHGJ ]YJXDJMC EF]OYOXOX M_YJF]O DJ HCFX]Y_HH ECF EB[YO\EX]C X HJ[E]JD MO ]YJIJAC C]YCX ]C]JD [JY]& [CYHOF]_J D/

:;;/

87

Jfowc \EE&: 5 CH_[JHECF ' of Icdâ|jyox %

MOXHYE[HECF

XE]_JHECF JH]_JD Fc& Xuod C}yjx [yox} ]C mo mcx yo" jhec" ]JD [oyx  bufoy Fox cfj Xjdj jhecfo Xch& x yecx x

XE]_JHECF [YCUOH]C Fc& Xuod C}yjx [yox} ]C] mo mcx yo" jhec" JD [oyx  bufoy Fox cfj Xjdj jhecfo Xch& x yecx x

B Hjdelehjmj C Xobehjdelehjmj M Fc hjdelehjmj X_I]C]J D Ciyoycx Bhcbufox C Hj{j}jhox E Xu{ oy|e xcyo x  ]åhfehcx hcf}ycd mo hjdemjm X_I]C]J D Ciyoycx J Ob{dojmcx  \ofmomcyox \ X_I]C]J D  ]C]JD BCM 1 Bjfc mo ciyj meyoh}j BCE 1 Bjfc mo ciyj efmeyoh}j J  \ 1 Bjfc mo ciyj Jmbefex}yjheøf  |of}jx

85

Jfowc \EE&9 :; H_JMYC H_JMYC YOX_BOF YOX_BOF MO MO[YOHEJHE MO[YOHEJHECF CF U JBCY]EQJHECF JBCY]EQJHECF MO [YOX_[_OX]C MO EF\OYXECF Hcx}c Ix&

\emj ñ}ed

Mo{yohejhe øf

Hcx}c Ix&

[&J&

Jbcy}eq jheøf

:&" EF\OYXEC F LEAJ1 Hj{e}jd leac Bjzuefjye j  ozue{c Omelehec o efx}jdjhec fox Ozue{c mo clehefj Bj}oyejd mo }yjfx{cy}o

=;

C}ycx jh}e|cx leacx Ef|ox}e`jhec fox {yo|ejx  hcx}c mod {ycoh}c Hcx}c mo cy`jfeqjheø f$ [j}of}ox  xebedjyox Hcx}c mo ef`ofeoyâj  jmbefex}yjh eøf mo dj efx}jdjheøf Hcx}c {uox}j of bjyhgj Ef}oyoxox muyjf}o dj Hcfx}yuhheø f Eb{yo|ex}cx  |jyecx  ]oyyofc  ciyjx {yodebefjyo x |efhudjmcx j dj {ycmuhheøf 9& HJ[E]JD MO ]YJIJAC HCFH HCFHO[ O[]C ]C BCF] BCF] ]EOB[ C C  ]C]JD HJ[E]JD MO  ]YJIJAC 8&" ]c}jd Ef|oyxeøf ':.9% [oyecmc mo jbcy}eqjheø f =:

Jfowc \EE&8 :: XOY\EHEC XOY\EHEC MO DJ MO_M MO_MJ J 'Of bedox mo Ix&% Bcf}c Hyåme}c1 'Bedox mo Ix&% [djqc1 'Júcx% Ef}oyåx1 / ':% [oyecmc mo @yjhej 'Júcx% Ef}oyoxox Meloyemcx1 'Júcx mo meloyeb& mo ef}& LCFHYOE& Hcbexeøf Lefjfheoyj1 / fc meloyemj Jfujdemjm1 'Bedox mo Ix&% '9% Ef}oyoxox Júcx Hj{e}jd Ef}oyoxox Jbcy}eqjheø Huc}j Meloyemcx f : 9 8 = ? < 0 S 7 S 5 S :; S :: S :9 S :8 S := S :? S ]C]JD ':% Dj }jxj mo ef}oyåx j hciyjy {cy dcx ef}oybomejyecx lefjfheoycx fc {cmyê xoy bjcy mod mod ozue ozue|j |jdo dof} f}o o jd 5;/ 5;/ mo dj }jxj }jxj jh jh}e }e|j |j {ycb {ycbom omec ec {cfm {cfmoy oyjm jmj j mo dcx dcx xoex xoex '<% '<% {yefhe{jdox ijfhcx mod {jâx$ owhduemj dj hjy}oyj j`yâhcdj$ dj bexbj efhduo dj hcbexeøf {cy ef}oybomejheøf lefjfheoyj& '9% ]jxj LCFHYO ‘ ]jxj [jxe|j 2 Hcbexeøf Lefjfheoyj&

=9

Jfowc \EE&=

HCFHO[]C

:9 OX]Y_H] OX]Y_H]_YJ _YJ MO MO HCX]C HCX]CX X MOD [YCU [YCUOH] OH]C C 'BEDOX MO ICDE\JYOX% JÚC X':% : 9 8 = ? < 0

7

5

:;

:& HCX]C [YEBC Bj}oyej [yebj C}ycx bj}oyejdox meyoh}cx Bjfc mo ciyj meyoh}j

9& @JX]CX MO LJIYEHJHECF Bjfc mo ciyj efmeyoh}j Odoh}yehemjm Hcbiux}eido Yo{uox}cx {jyj bjf}ofebeof}c Mo{yohejheøf jh}e|cx leacx Jbcy}eqjheøf jh}e|cx meloyemcx Ycjd}eox Eb{uox}cx efmeyoh}cx C}ycx `jx}cx mo ljiyehjheøf

8& @JX]CX MO JMBEFEX]YJH ECF U \OF]JX Yobufoyjhecfox Mo{yohejheøf Jbcy}eqjheøf jh}e|cx meloyemcx C}ycx `jx}cx mo jmbefex}yjheøf  |of}jx

=& @JX]CX LEFJFHEOYCX Ef}oyåx djy`c {djqc Ef}oyåx hcy}c {djqc

HCX]C ]C]JD&&&&&&&&&&

':% [cy uf {oyâcmc e`ujd$ hujfmc bofcx$ jd {djqc xcdehe}jmc&

=8

Jfowc \EE&? :8 OX]Y_H OX]Y_H]_Y ]_YJ J MO HCX]CX HCX]CX MO MO DJ OB[YOX OB[YOXJ J ':% 'BEDOX MO ICDE\JYOX% HCFHO[]C JÚC X'9% : 9 8 = ? < 0 7 HCX]C [YEBC

5

:;

Bj}oyej [yebj C}ycx bj}oyejdox meyoh}cx Bjfc mo ciyj meyoh}j

9& @JX]CX MO LJIYEHJHECF Bjfc mo ciyj efmeyoh}j Odoh}yehemjm Hcbiux}eido Yo{uox}cx {jyj bjf}ofebeof}c Mo{yohejheøf jh}e|cx leacx Jbcy}eqjheøf jh}e|cx meloyemcx Ycjd}eox Eb{uox}cx efmeyoh}cx C}ycx `jx}cx mo ljiyehjheøf

8& @JX]CX MO JMBEFEX]YJHE CF U \OF]JX Yobufoyjhecfox Mo{yohejheøf Jbcy}eqjheøf jh}e|cx meloyemcx C}ycx `jx}cx mo jmbefex}yjheøf  |of}jx

=& @JX]CX LEFJFHEOYCX Ef}oyåx djy`c {djqc Ef}oyåx hcy}c {djqc

HCX]C ]C]JD&&&&&&&&&&

':%Efhduo od {ycoh}c '9% [cy uf {oyâcmc e`ujd$ hujfmc bofcx$ jd {djqc xcdehe}jmc& ==

Jfowc \EE&< := OX]JMC MO @JFJFHEJX U [ÅYMEMJX MOD [YCUOH]C

'BEDOX MO ICDE\JYOX%

HCFHO[]C

JÚCX': % : 9 8 = ? < 0 7 5 : ;

EF@YOXCX \of}jx fo}jx

@YOXCX :& Hcx}c {yebc 9& @jx}cx mo ljiyehjheøf 8& @jx}cx mo jmbefex}yjheøf  |of}jx =& @jx}cx lefjfheoycx

:&:

HCX]C ]C]JD&&&&

_}edemjm fo}j Eb{uox}c Xciyo dj Yof}j _}edemjm Dezuemj

':%[cy uf {oyâcmc e`ujd$ hujfmc bofcx$ jd {djqc xcdehe}jmc&

Jfowc \EE&0 =?

:? OX]JMC MO @JFJFHEJX @JFJFHEJX U [OYMEMJX [OYMEMJX MO DJ DJ OB[YOXJ':% OB[YOXJ':% 'BEDOX MO ICDE\JYOX%

HCFHO[]C

JÚCX'9 % : 9 8 = ? < 0 7 5 :;

EF@YOXCX \of}jx fo}jx

O@YOXCX :& Hcx}c {yebc 9& @jx}cx mo ljiyehjheøf 8& @jx}cx mo jmbefex}yjheøf  |of}jx =& @jx}cx lefjfheoycx

HCX]C ]C]JD&&&& _}edemjm fo}j Eb{uox}c Xciyo dj Yof}j _}edemjm Dezuemj

':% Efhduo od {ycoh}c& '9% [cy uf {oyâcmc e`ujd$ hujfmc bofcx$ jd {djqc xcdehe}jmc&

Jfowc \EE&7 =<

:< HJ[JHEMJ HJ[JHEMJM M MO [J@C MOD MOD [YCUOH]C [YCUOH]C 'BEDOX MO ICDE\JYOX% HCFHO[]C JÚCX': % : 9 8 = ? < 0 7 5 : ; L_OF] _O F]OX OX Ef`yoxcx {cy \of}jx Mo{yohejheøf  Jbcy}eqjheøf

]C]JD _XCX Hcx}c }c}jd mo {ycmuhheøf Eb{uox}c xciyo dj yof}j

]C]JD Mex{cfeido {jyj jbcy}eqjy Jbcy}eqjheøf djy`c {djqc Jbcy}eqjheøf hcy}c {djqc Mex{cfeido mod júc ':%[cy uf {oyâcmc e`ujd$ hujfmc bofcx$ jd {djqc xcdehe}jmc&

=0

Jfowc \EE&5 :0 HJ[JHEMJ HJ[JHEMJM M MO [J@C MO DJ OB[YOX OB[YOXJ J ':% 'BEDOX MO ICDE\JYOX%

HCFHO[]C

JÚCX'9 % : 9 8 = ? < 0 7 :; 55

L_OF]OX Ef`yoxcx {cy \of}jx Mo{yohejheøf  Jbcy}eqjheøf

]C]JD _XCX Hcx}c }c}jd mo {ycmuhheøf Eb{uox}c xciyo dj yof}j

]C]JD Mex{cfeido {jyj jbcy}eqjy Jbcy}eqjheøf djy`c {djqc Jbcy}eqjheøf hcy}c {djqc Mex{cfeido mod júc

':% Efhduo od {ycoh}c ':% [cy uf {oyâcmc e`ujd$ hujfmc bofcx$ jd {djqc xcdehe}jmc&

=7

Jfowc \EE&:;

:7 LD_AC LD_AC MO HJAJ HJAJ LEFJ LEFJFHE FHEOYC OYC MOD MOD [YCUO [YCUOH]C H]C 'BEDOX MO ICDE\JYOX% HCFHO[]C :

9

8

=

JÚC X':% ?

<

0

7

5

:; :;

=5

]OYYOFC HCFX]Y_HHEC FOX BJZ_EFJYEJ U  OZ_E[CX Eb{cy}jmj HEL [djf}j Fjhecfjd JH]E\CX EF]JF@EIDOX EFX]JDJHECF  U BCF]JAO HJ[E]JD MO ]YJIJAC Oloh}e|c ': box% Ef|of}jyec mo bj}oyej {yebj ': box% Ef|of}jyec mo {ycmuh}cx }oybefjmcx ': box% Huof}j {cy hciyjy ':? mâjx% Bofcx Huof}jx {cy {j`jy ':? mâjx% HCX]CX C[OYJ]E\CX Bj}oyej [yebj Fjhecfjd Bj}oyej [yebj Eb{cy}jmj C}ycx bj}oyejdox meyoh}cx Bjfc mo ciyj hjdelehjmj Bjfc mo ciyj fc hjdelehjmj Odoh}yehemjm Hcbiux}eido Yo{uox}cx {jyj bjf}ofebeof}c C}ycx `jx}cx mo ljiyehjheøf C}ycx `jx}cx mo jmbefex}yjheøf  |of}jx

]C]JD O@YOXCX EF@YOXCX

<&9

]EY

Lefjfheoyc1

XJDMC

:7&: ':% [cy uf {oyâcmc e`ujd$ hujfmc bofcx$ jd {djqc xcdehe}jmc& xcdehe}jmc&

?;

:&:

J[OFMEHOX

?:

J[OFMEHO1 HJDELEHJHECF EFM_X]YEJD _FELCYBO 'H&E&E&_&% ]OYHOYJ YO\EXECF% Hj}o`cyâj mo ]jiudjheøf

@yu{c

Hdjxo

ME\E ME\EXE XEØ ØF :? :?: :?:: :?:9 :?:8 :?:= :?9 :?8

:?9;

:?8: :?89 :?88 :?= :?=: :?=9 :?=8 :?== :?=5 :?? '!%

:??:

'!%

'!%

:??9 :??8 :??=

ME\EXEØF :<

:<; '!%

:<;;

ME\EXEØF :0 :0: :0::

Moxhye{heøf

ODJI ODJIC CYJ YJH HECF ECF MO [YCM_ YCM_H] H]C CX JDEB JDEBOF OF]E ]EHE HECX CX U IOIE IOIEMJ MJX X [ycmuhheøf$ {ychoxjbeof}c  hcfxoy|jheøf mo hjyfo$ {oxhjmc$ lyu}jx$ do`ubiyox$ gcy}jdeqjx$ jhoe}ox  `yjxjx [ycmuhheøf$ {ychoxjbeof}c  hcfxoy|jheøf mo mo hjyfo  {ycmuh}cx hêyfehcx& Odjicyjheøf  hcfxoy|jheøf mo mo {oxhjmcx  {ycmuh}cx mo {oxhjmc& Odjicyjheøf  hcfxoy|jheøf mo lyu}jx$ do`ubiyox  gcy}jdeqjx& Odjicyjheøf mo m o jh j hoe}ox  `yjxjx mo m o cy c ye`of |o`o}jd  jfebjd& Odjicyjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx dêh}ocx& Odjicyjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo bcdefoyj$ jdbemcfox  {ycmuh}cx moye|jmcx mod jdbemøf$  mo jdebof}cx {yo{jyjmcx {jyj jfebjdox& Odjicyjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo bcdefoyj& Odjicyjheøf mo jdbemcfox  {ycmuh}cx moye|jmcx mod jdbemøf& Odjicyjheøf m o jd jdebof}cx { yo yo{jyjmcx {jyj jfebjdox& Odjicyjheøf mo c}ycx {ycmuh}cx jdebof}ehecx Odjicyjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo {jfjmoyâj& Odjicyjheøf mo jqñhjy& Odjicyjheøf mo hjhjc  hgchcdj}o  mo {ycmuh}cx mo hcfle}oyâj& Odjicyjheøf mo mo bj bjhjyycfox$ lelemocx$ jd jdhuqhuq  {ycmuh}cx ljyefêhocx xebedjyox& Odjicyjheøf mo m o c }y }ycx {y {ycmuh}cx j dedebof}ehecx f&h&{& Odjicyjheøf mo ioiemjx Mox}edjheøf$ yoh}elehjheøf  boqhdj mo ioiemjx jdhcgø jdhcgødeh dehjx> jx> {ycmuh {ycmuhheø heøf f mo jdhcgc jdhcgcdd o}âdeh o}âdehc c j {jy}ey mo xux}jfhejx loybof}jmjx Odjicyjheøf mo |efcx Odjicyjheøf mo ioiemjx bjd}ojmjx  mo bjd}j Odjicyjheøf mo ioiemjx fc jdhcgødehjx> {ycmuhheøf mo j`ujx befoyjdox

ODJICYJHECF MO [YCM_H]CX MO ]JIJHC Odjicyjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo }jijhc

LJIYEHJHECF MO [YCM_H]CX ]OW]EDOX Gedj}uyj$ }o }oaomuyj  jhjijmc mo mo {y {ycmuh}cx }ow}edox [yo{jyjheøf o gedj}uyj mo leiyjx }ow}edox> }oaomuyj mo {uf}cx }ow}edox ?9

:0:9 :09 :09: :099 :098 :08

:095 :08;

ME\EXEØF :7 :7 :7:

:7:;

:79

:79;

ME\E ME\EXE XEØ ØF :5

:5: :5:: :5:9 :59

:59;

Jhjijmc mo {ycmuh}cx }ow}edox Ljiyehjheøf mo c}ycx {ycmuh}cx }ow}edox Ljiyehjheøf mo jy}âhudcx hcflohhecfjmcx mo bj}oyejdox }ow}edox$ owho{}c {yofmjx mo |ox}ey Ljiyehjheøf mo }j{ehox  jdlcbiyjx Ljiyehjheøf mo m o h uo uoymjx$ h cy cymodox$ iy i yjbjf}ox  yomox Ljiyehjheøf mo c}ycx {ycmuh}cx }ow}edox f&h&{& Ljiyehjheøf mo }oaemcx  jy}âhudcx mo {uf}c  `jfhgeddc

LJIYEHJHECF MO MO [Y [YOFMJX> JM JMCIC U  ]OÚEMC MO [EODOX Ljiyehjheøf mo mo {y {yofmjx mo mo |o |ox}ey$ o ow who{}c {yofmjx mo {eod& Jmcic  }o }oúemc mo mo {e {eodox> lj ljiyehjheøf mo mo jy}âhudcx mo {eod&

H_Y _Y]E ]EMC MC U JMCI JMCICX CX MO H_OY H_OYC C$ LJIY LJIYEH EHJH JHEC ECF F MO BJDO BJDO]J ]JX$ X$ ICDXCX MO BJFC$ JY]EH_DCX JY]EH_DCX MO ]JDJIJY]OYEJ U  @_JYFEHECFOYEJ$ U HJDQJMC Huy}emc  jmcic mo huoycx> ljiyehjheøf mo bjdo}j bjdo }jx$ x$ icdx icdxcx cx mo bj bjfc fc  jy}â jy}âhu hudc dcxx mo }jdjijy}oyâj  `ujyfehecfoyâj& Huy}emc  jmcic mo huoycx Ljiyehjheøf mo mo bj bjdo}jx$ ic icdxcx mo mo bj bjfc  jy}âhudcx xebedjyox$ ox$  mo jy}âhudcx mo }jdjijy}oyâj  `ujyfehecfoyâj& Ljiyehjheøf mo hjdqjmc

@YJF ME\EXECF 9 EFM_X]YEJX BJF_LJH]_YOYJX ME\E ME\EXE XEØ ØF 9;

9;: 9;9

9;:; 9;9:

9;99 9;98 9;95

ME\EXEØF 9:

[YCM_ YCM_H HHECF HECF MO BJMO BJMOYJ YJ U LJIY LJIYEH EHJH JHEC ECF F MO [YCM [YCM_H _H]C ]CX X MO BJMOYJ U HCYHGC$ OWHO[]C B_OIDOX> LJIYEHJHECF MO JY]EH_DCX MO [JAJ U MO BJ]OYEJDOX ]YOFQJIDOX Jxoyyjmc  jho{eddjmuyj mo bjmoyj Ljiyehjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo bjmoyj$ hcyhgc$ {jaj  bj}oyejdox }yofqjidox Ljiyehjheøf mo gcajx mo bjmoyj {jyj ofhgj{jmc> ljiyehjheøf mo }jidoycx hcf}yjhgj{jmcx$ }jidoycx djbefjmcx$ }jidoycx mo {jy}âhudjx  c}ycx }jidoycx  {jfodox Ljiyehjheøf mo mo {j {jy}ox  {e {eoqjx mo mo hj hjy{ef}oyâj {jyj omelehecx  hcfx}yuhhecfox Ljiyehjheøf mo yohe{eof}ox mo bjmoyj Ljiyehjheøf mo mo c} c}ycx {y {ycmuh}cx mo mo bj bjmoyj> ljiy ljiyeh ehjh jheø eøf f mo jy}â jy}âhu hudc dcxx mo hcyh hcyhgc gc$$ {jaj {jaj  bj}oyejdox }yofqjidox

LJIYEHJHECF MO [J[OD U   MO [YCM_H]CX MO [J[OD ?8

9:; 9:;: 9:;9 9:;5

ME\EXEØF 99 99: 99:: '!%

99:9

'!%

99:8 99:5

999

YOLEFJHECF

'!% '!%

999: 9999

998 '!%

998;

ME\EXEØF 98

Ljiyehjheøf mo {j{od  mo {ycmuh}cx mo {j{od Ljiyehjheøf mo m o {j { jx}j mo m o bj b jmoyj$ {j { j{od  hjy}øf Ljiyehjheøf mo mo {j {j{od  hj hjy}øf cf cfmudjmc  mo mo of|jxox mo {j{od  hjy}øf Ljiyehjheøf mo c}ycx jy}âhudcx mo {j{od  hjy}øf

JH]E\EMJMOX MO OMEHECF O EB[YOXECF  U MO YO[YCM_HHECF MO @YJIJHECFOX Jh}e|emjmox mo omeheøf Omeheøf mo mo de deiycx$ lc lcddo}cx$ {j {jy}e}uyjx  c} c }yjx {uidehjhecfox Omeheøf mo {oyeømehcx$ yo|ex}jx$ {uidehjhecfox {oyeømehjx Omeheøf mo `yjijhecfox C}yjx jh}e|emjmox mo omeheøf Jh}e|emjmox mo eb{yoxeøf  jh}e|emjmox mo xoy|ehecx hcfowjx Jh}e|emjmox mo eb{yoxeøf Jh}e|emjmox mo xoy|ehecx yodjhecfjmjx hcf dj eb{yoxeøf Yo{ycmuhheøf mo `yjijhecfox

LJIYEHJHECF MO HCZ_O$ [YCM_H]CX MO DJ MOD [O]YCDOC U HCBI_X]EIDO F_HDOJY

98: 989

98:; 989;

988

988;

ME\EXEØF 9= 9=: 9=:: 9=:9 9=:8 9=9 9=9: 9=99 9=98 9=9= 9=95

Ljiyehjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo gcyfcx mo hczuo Ljiyehjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo dj yolefjheøf mo d {o}yødoc Odjicyjheøf mo hcbiux}eido fuhdojy

LJIYEHJHECF MO X_X]JFHEJX Z_EBEHJX IJXEHJX& Ljiyehjheøf mo xux}jfhejx zuâbehjx iêxehjx Ljiyehjheøf mo m o xu x ux}jfhejx zu zuâbehjx iê i êxehjx$ owho{}c jicfcx  hcb{uox}cx mo fe}yø`ofc Ljiyehjheøf mo jicfcx  hcb{uox}cx mo fe}yø`ofc Ljiyehjheøf mo mo {d {dêx}ehcx of of lc lcybjx {y {yebjyejx  mo hjuhgc xef}å}ehc Ljiyehjheøf mo c}ycx {ycmuh}cx zuâbehcx Ljiyehjheøf mo mo {d {dj`uehemjx  c} c}ycx {y {ycmuh}cx zuâbehcx mo uxc j`yc{ohujyec Ljiyehjheøf mo {ef}uyjx$ ijyfehox  {ycmuh}cx mo yo|ox}ebeof}c xebedjyox$ }ef}jx mo eb{yof}j  bjxeddjx Ljiyehjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx ljybjhåu}ehcx$ xux}jfhejx zuâbehjx bomehefjdox  {ycmuh}cx ic}êfehcx Ljiyehjheøf mo ajicfox  mo}oy`of}ox$ {yo{jyjmcx {jyj deb{ejy  {udey$ {oylubox  {yo{jyjmcx mo }chjmcy Ljiyehjheøf mo c}ycx {ycmuh}cx zuâbehcx f&h&{& ?=

9=8

9=8;

Ljiyehjheøf mo leiyjx bjfuljh}uyjmjx

ME\EXEØF 9?

LJIYEHJHECF MO [YCM_H]CX MO HJ_HGC U [DJX]EHC

9?:

Ljiyehjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo hjuhgc Ljiyehjheøf mo huieoy}jx  hêbjyjx mo hjuh hjuhgc gc>> yoof yoofhj hjuf ufhg hgjm jmc c  yofc yofc|j |jhe heøf øf mo huieoy}jx mo hjuhgc Ljiyehjheøf mo c}ycx {ycmuh}cx mo hjuhgc Ljiyehjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo {dêx}ehc

9?::

9?9

9?:5 9?9;

ME\EXEØF 9< 9< 9<: 9<5

9<:; 9<5: 9<59 9<58 9<5= 9<5? 9<5< 9<55

ME\EXEØF 90 90 90: 909

90:; 909;

908 908: 9089

ME\EXEØF 97

97: 97:: 97:9 97:8 975 975:

LJIYEHJHECF MO MO C] C]YCX [Y [YCM_H]CX BEFOYJDOX FC BO]JDEHCX Ljiyehjheøf mo |emyec  {ycmuh}cx mo |emyec Ljiyehjheøf mo m o {y { ycmuh}cx be b efoyjdox fc fc bo}êdehcx f&h&{& Ljiyehjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo hoyêbehj fc yolyjh}jyej {jyj uxc fc ox}yuh}uyjd o x}yuh}uyjd Ljiyehjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo hoyêbehj yolyjh}jyej Ljiyehjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx mo jyheddj  hoyêbehj fc yolyjh}jyejx {jyj uxc ox}yuh}uyjd o x}yuh}uyjd Ljiyehjheøf mo hobof}c$ hjd  oxc Ljiyehjheøf mo jy}âhudcx mo gcybe`øf$ hobof}c  oxc Hcy}o$ }jddjmc  jhjijmc mo dj {eomyj Ljiyehjheøf mo mo c} c}ycx {y {ycmuh}cx be befoyjdox fc fc bo}êdehcx f&h&{&

LJIYEHJHECF MO MO BO BO]JDOX HC HCB_FOX Efmux}yejx iêxehjx mo geoyyc  jhoyc Ljiyehjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx {yebjyecx bo}jdox {yohecxcx  bo}jdox fc loyycxcx Lufmeheøf mo bo}jdox Lufmeheøf mo geoyyc  jhoyc Lufmeheøf mo bo}jdox fc loyycxcx

mo

LJIYEHJHECF MO [YCM_H]CX ODJICYJMCX MO BO]JD$ OWHO[]C BJZ_EFJYEJ U OZ_E[C Ljiyehjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx bo}êdehcx {jyj uxc ox}yuh}uyjd$ }jfzuox$ mo{øxe}cx  `ofoyjmcyox mo |j{cy Ljiyehjheøf mo mo {y {ycmuh}cx bo bo}êdehcx {j {jyj ux uxc ox}yuh}uyjd Ljiyehjheøf mo }jfzuox$ mo{øxe}cx  yohe{eof}ox mo bo}jd Ljiyehjheøf mo `ofoyjmcyox mo |j{cy$ owho owho{} {}c c hjdm hjdmoy oyjx jx mo j`uj j`uj hjde hjdeof of}o }o {jyj {jyj hjdoljhheøf hof}yjd Ljiyehjheøf mo c}ycx {ycmuh}cx odjicyjmcx mo bo}jd> bo}jd> jh}e|emjm jh}e|emjmox ox mo xoy|ehecx xoy|ehecx mo }yjijac }yjijac mo bo}jdox Lcyaj$ {y { yofxjmc$ ox}jb{jmc  dj d jbefjmc mo ??

9759 9758 9755

ME\EXEØF EØF 95 95: 9<5 95:: 95:9 95:8 95:= 95:? 95:5 959 959: 9599 9598 959= 959? 959< 9590 958;

ME\EXEØF 8; 8;;

8;; 958;

ME\E ME\EXE XEØ ØF 8: 8::

8::;

bo}jd> {ud|ebo}jduy`ej ]yj}jbeof}c  yo|ox}ebeof}c mo bo}jdox> ciyj mo ef`ofeoyâj bohêfehj of `ofoyjd yojdeqjmjx j hjbiec mo ufj yo}yeiuheøf c {cy hcf}yj}c Ljiyehjheøf mo jy}âhudcx mo huhgeddoyâj$ goyy oyyjbeof} of}jx mo bjfc  jy}âhudcx mo loyyo}oyâj Ljiyehjheøf mo c}ycx {ycmuh}cx odjicyjmcx mo bo}jd f&h&{&

LJIYEHJHEC JHECF F MO BJZ BJZ_EFJ EFJYEJ U OZ_ OZ_E[C F&H F&H&[& &[& Ljiyehjheøf mo bjzuefjyej mo uxc `ofoyjd Ljiyehjheøf mo m o {y { ycmuh}cx be b efoyjdox fc fc bo}êdehcx f&h&{& Ljiyehjheøf mo mo b bc c}cyox  } uy uyiefjx$ ow o who{}c bc}cyox {jyj joycfj|ox$ |ogâhudcx ju}cbc}cyox  bc}chehdo}jx Ljiyehjheøf mo icbijx$ hcb{yoxcyox$ `yelcx  |êd|udjx Ljiyehjheøf mo m o h ca caefo}ox$ o f` f`yjfjaox$ }y } yofox mo of`yjfjaox  {eoqjx mo }yjfxbexeøf Ljiyehjheøf mo gcyfcx$ gc`jyox  zuobjmcyox Ljiyehjheøf mo ozue{c mo odo|jheøf  bjfe{udjheøf Ljiyehjheøf mo mo c} c}ycx }e }e{cx mo mo bj bjzuefjyej mo mo uxc `ofoyjd Ljiyehjheøf mo bjzuefjyej mo uxc ox{ohejd Ljiyehjheøf mo bjzuefjyej j`yc{ohujyej  lcyox}jd Ljiyehjheøf mo mo bê bêzuefjx go goyyjbeof}j Ljiyehjheøf mo bjzuefjyej bo}jdñy`ehj Ljiyehjheøf mo bj bjzuefjyej {j {jyj dj ow{dc}jheøf mo befjx  hjf}oyjx  {jyj ciyjx mo hcfx}yuhheøf& Ljiyehjheøf mo bjzuefjyej {jyj dj odjicyjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx }ow}edox$ {yofmjx mo |ox}ey  huoycx& Ljiyehjheøf mo bjzuefjyej {jyj dj odjicyjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx }ow}edox$ {yofmjx mo |ox}ey  huoycx& Ljiyehjheøf mo jybjx  bufehecfox Ljiyehjheøf mo j{ j {jyj}cx mo uxc mcbåx}ehc f&h&{&&

LJIYEHJHECF MO BJZ_EFJYEJ MO CLEHEFJ$ HCF]JIEDEMJM O EFLCYBJ]EHJ Ljiyehjheøf mo bjzuefjyej mo clehefj$ hcf}jiedemjm o eflcybê}ehj Ljiyehjheøf mo j{ j {jyj}cx mo uxc mcbåx}ehc f&h&{&&

LJIY LJIYEH EHJH JHEC ECF F MO BJZ_ BJZ_EF EFJY JYEJ EJ U J[JYJ [JYJ]C ]CX X ODOH ODOH]Y ]YEH EHC CX Ljiyehjheøf

mo

bc}cyox$

`ofoyjmcyox

 ?<

8:9

8:9;

8:8 8:=

8:8; 8:=;

8:?

8:?;

8:5

8:5;

}yjfxlcybjmcyox odåh}yehcx Ljiyehjheøf mo j{jyj}cx mo mex}yeiuheøf  hcf}ycd Ljiyehjheøf mo gedcx  hjidox jexdjmcx Ljiyehjheøf mo mo jh jhubudjmcyox  mo mo {e {edjx  ij}oyâjx {yebjyejx Ljiyehjheøf mo mo dêb{jyjx odåh}yehjx  ozue{c mo edubefjheøf Ljiyehjheøf mo c}ycx }e{cx mo ozue{c odåh}yehc f&h&{&

ME\EXEØF 89

LJIYEHJHECF MO OZ_E[C U J[JYJ]CX MO YJMEC$ ]ODO\EXECF U HCB_FEHJHECFOX

89:

89:;

899

899;

898

898;

Ljiyehjheøf mo }uicx  |êd|udjx odoh}yøfehcx  mo c}ycx hcb{cfof}ox odoh}yøfehcx Ljiyehjheøf mo m o }y } yjfxbexcyox mo m o yyj jmec  }odo|e }odo|exeø xeøf f  mo j{jyj} j{jyj}cx cx {jyj {jyj }odolcf }odolcfâj âj  }odo`yjlâj hcf gedcx Ljiyehjheøf mo yoho{}cyox mo yjmec  }odo|exeøf$ j{jyj}cx mo `yjijheøf  yo{ycmuhheøf mo xcfemc  |âmoc$  {ycmuh}cx hcfowcx

ME\EXEØF 88 88:

88:: 88:9

88:8 889

889;

88;

888;

ME\EXEØF 8= 8=: 8=9

8=:; 8=9;

8=8

8=8;

ME\E ME\EXE XEØ ØF 8?

LJIYEHJHECF MO EFX]Y_BOF]CX BOMEHCX$ C[]EHCX  U MO [YOHEXECF U LJIYEHJHECF MO YODCAOX Ljiyehjheøf mo m o j{ j {jyj}cx o efx}yubof}cx båmehcx  mo j{jyj}cx {jyj bomey$ |oyelehjy$ ofxj ofxjj jy$ y$ fj|o fj|o`j `jyy  c}yc c}ycxx lefo lefox$ x$ owho owho{} {}c c efx}yubof}cx mo ø{}ehj Ljiyehjheøf mo ozue{c båmehc  zueyñy`ehc  mo j{jyj}cx cy}c{åmehcx Ljiyehjheøf mo mo ef efx}yubof}cx  j{ j{jyj}cx {j {jyj bomey$ bomey$ |oyeleh |oyelehjy$ jy$ ofxjj ofxjjy$ y$ fj|o`j fj|o`jyy  c}ycx c}ycx lefo lefox$ x$ owho owho{} {}c c od ozue ozue{c {c mo hcf hcf}ycd }ycd mo {ychoxcx efmux}yejdox Ljiyehjheøf mo mo oz ozue{c mo mo hhc cf}ycd mo mo {y {ychoxcx efmux}yejdox Ljiyehjheøf mo mo ef efx}yubof}cx mo mo ø{ ø{}ehj  ozue{c lc}c`yêlehc Ljiyehjheøf mo yodcaox

LJIYEHJHECF MO \OGEH_DCX J_]CBC]CYOX$ YOBCDZ_OX U XOBEYYOBCDZ_OX Ljiyehjheøf mo |ogâhudcx ju}cbc}cyox Ljiyehjheøf mo hjyychoyâjx {jyj |ogâhudcx ju}c ju}cbc bc}c }cyox yox>> ljiy ljiyeh ehjh jheø eøf f mo yobcd yobcdzu zuox ox  xobeyyobcdzuox Ljiyehjheøf mo mo {j {jy}ox$ {e {eoqjx  jh jhhoxcyecx {jyj |ogâhudcx ju}cbc}cyox  xux bc}cyox

LJIY LJIYEH EHJH JHEC ECF F MO C]Y C]YCX ]E[C ]E[CX X MO OZ_E OZ_E[C [C MO ]YJF ]YJFX[ X[CY CY]O ]O ?0

8?: 8?:: 8?:9 8?9

8?9;

8?8 '!% 8?5

8?8; 8?5: 8?59 8?55

F&H&[&

ME\EXEØF EØF 8< 8<: 8<5

8<:; 8<5: 8<59 8<58 8<5= 8<55

ME\EXEØF 80 80 80:

80:;

809

809;

Hcfx}yuhheøf  yo{jyjheøf mo iuzuox  c}yjx obijyhjhecfox Hcfx}yuhheøf  yo{jyjheøf mo iuzuox Hcfx}yuhheøf  yo yo{jyjheøf mo mo ob obijyhjhecfox mo yohyoc  mo{cy}o Ljiyehjheøf mo mo dc dchcbc}cyjx  mo mo bj bj}oyejd ycmjf}o {jyj loyychjyyedox  }yjf|âjx Ljiyehjheøf mo joycfj|ox  fj|ox ox{jhejdox Ljiyehjheøf mo c} c}ycx }e{cx mo oz ozue{c mo }yjfx{cy}o f&h&{& Ljiyehjheøf mo bc}chehdo}jx Ljiyehjheøf mo ie i ehehdo}jx  mo xeddcfox mo mo yuomjx {jyj ef|êdemcx Ljiyehjheøf mo c}ycx }e{cx mo ozue{c mo }yjfx{cy}o f&h&{&

LJIYEHJHEC JHECF F MO B_O B_OIDOX> EFM_X]YEJX BJF_LJH]_YOYJX Ljiyehjheøf mo buoidox Efmux}yejx bjfuljh}uyoyj f&h&{& Ljiyehjheøf mo acjx  jy}âhudcx hcfowcx Ljiyehjheøf mo efx}yubof}cx mo bñxehj Ljiyehjheøf mo jy}âhudcx mo mo{cy}o Ljiyehjheøf mo auo`cx  au`uo}ox& C}yjx efmux}yejx bjfuljh}uyoyjx f&h&{&

YOHEHDJBEOF]C Yohehdjbeof}c mo mo mo mox{oymehecx  mo moxohgcx bo}êdehcx Yohehdjbeof}c mo mox{oymehecx  moxohgcx fc bo}êdehcx

'!% FC LEFJFHEJIDO [CY LCFHYOE

OB[YOXJX MO XOY\EHECX C MO J[CUC J DJ [YCM_HHECF LCFHYOE c}cy`jyê hyåme}cx j ob{yoxjx mo xoy|ehecx mo j{cc j dj efmux}yej ofbjyhjmcx mof}yc mo djx jh}e|emjmox xe`ueof}ox1 " Yo{jyjheøf  bjf}ofebeof}c mo ozue{cx " @jd|jfeqjheøf mo {eoqjx " Bcf}jaox efmux}yejdox " [oylcyjheøf mo [cqcx [o}ycdâloycx " Xohjmc$ deb{eoqj  jdbjhofjbeof}c mo hoyojdox " Jhc{ec$ dj|jmc hdjxelehjheøf #c ob{jzuo mo jdebof}cx ?7

?5

J[OFMEHO1 JFJDEXEX MO YOX_D]JMCX MOFCBEFJHEC EFLC FLCYBJHE BJHEØ ØF F

MO]O MO]OY YBEFJ EFJHE Ø F

YOF] YOF]JI JIED EDEMJ EMJM M _f 2 Bom Bomej ej mo dj u}edemjm mox{uåx mod EXDY& Ec 2 Ef|oyxeøf }c}jd efehejd&

Ec 2 Ef|oyxeøf }c}jd efehejd& _f 2 Bomej mo dj u}edemjm mox{uåx mod EXDY& \JDCY I} 2 Iofolehec JH]_JD FO]C mo hjmj júc& H} 2 Hcx}cx mo hjmj júc&  ] 2 Fc& mo júcx& E 2 ]jxj mo ef}oyåx 'moxhuof}c% ø jh}ujdeqjheøf&  ]JXJ I} 2 Iofolehec IOFOLEHEC" mo hjmj júc& HCX]C H} 2 Hcx}cx mo hjmj júc&  ] 2 Fc& mo júcx& E 2 ]jxj mo ef}oyåx 'moxhuof}c% ø jh}ujdeqjheøf&  ]JXJ EF]OYFJ I} 2 Iofolehec MO YO]CYFC mo hjmj júc& H} 2 Hcx}cx mo hjmj júc&  ] 2 Fc& mo júcx&

 Ec  Ec _f

} 

√

' I}   I}  ∙ H} % ': . e %

f 2;

} 

} 

 I}   I} 

√': . e%

} 

f 2: } 

H} 

√': . e%

} 

f 2:

} 

√ f 2;

 I}  ∙ H} % ' I} 

': . e %

EF]OY[YO]JHE ØF

Bemo dj {jy}ehe{jheøf mo dcx 6 ?/ yoxud}jmcx {ycbomecx muyjf}o od gcyeqcf}o mod {ycoh}c lyof}o j dj ef|oyxeøf yojdeqjmj& ≭ \emj ñ}ed mod Bemo od }eob{c mo {ycoh}c& yohu{oyjheøf ≯ :#9 \emj ñ}ed mo dj ef|oyxeøf mod {ycoh}c& yojdeqjmj&

_f  Ec  Ec

 ]EOB[C MO YOH_[OYJHEØ F MO DJ EF\OYXEØF

EFMEHO JMOH_JMC

:5 Jf Jfo owc :

} 

.

Jho{}j }cmcx dcx {ycoh}cx huc \JF$ jd jh}ujdeqjydcx jd hcx}c mo c{cy}ufemjm mod hj{e}jd '!%$ xoj {cxe}e|c&

Jho{}jy }cmcx dcx {ycoh}cx of zuo dj yodjheøf i#h$ jd ≯ : jh}ujdeqjydcx jd hcx}c mo c{cy}ufemjm mod hj{e}jd$ xoj : ø bjcy zuo :& Jho{}jy }cmcx dcx {ycoh}cx mo ]EY xu{oyecy ≯ Hcx}c mo c{cy}ufemjm jd hcx}c mo mod hj{e}jd'!% c{cy}ufemjm mod hj{e}jd& <;

E 2 ]jxj mo ef}oyåx 'moxhuof}c% ø jh}ujdeqjheøf& \EMJ Ñ]ED MOD Ef 2 \jdcy c [YCUOH]C hcx}c mo ef|oyxeøf mo hjmj ufc mo dcx jh}e|cx& Ec 2 Ef|oyxeøf }c}jd efehejd& Jf 2 \emj ñ}ed mo hjmj jh}e|c& HJ[E]JD MO  ]YJIJAC \oy jfowc 9

} 

 Ef  Ef

√ Ec  Ec f 2;

 w

jf

[djqc xcdehe}jmc mod hyåme}c& ≭

Jaux}jy od {djqc mod hyåme}c j uf {oyâcmc 'júcx% e`ujd ø bofcy j dj |emj ñ}ed mod {ycoh}c&

Jaux}jy od bcf}c mod ≭ Hj{e}jd mo \oy jfowc 9 hj{e}jd mo }yjijac }yjijac |efhudjmc xcdehe}jmc {jyj |efhudjmc xcdehe}jmc$ jd od {ycoh}c& bcf}c mod hj{e}jd mo }yjijac yoxud}jf}o mod {ycoh}c& '!% Od hcx}c mo c{cy}ufemjm mod hj{e}jd of uf boyhjmc {oyloh}jbof}o hcb{o}e}e|c ox}jyâj mo}oybefjmc {cy dj }jxj mo ef}oyåx bjy`efjd mo oxo hj{e}jd& Ox mohey$ od hcx}c mo c{cy}ufemjm xoyê e`ujd j dj }jxj mo ef}oyåx zuo ox}jyâj mex{uox}c j {j`jy c}yc ef|o ef|oyxe yxecf cfex ex}j }j {cy {cy uf hyåm hyåme} e}c c hc hcf f yohu yohuyxc yxcxx mo Lcfh Lcfhyo yoe& e& Hc Hcbc bc mehg mehgcx cx yohu yohuyxc yxcxx xcf xcf hyåm hyåme} e}cx cx idjfm idjfmcx cx$$ hc hcfx fx}e }e}u }uo of f uf ieof ieof oxhj oxhjxc xc mox} mox}ef efjmc jmc jd moxjy moxjyyc ycdd ddc$ c$ dc zuo zuo xo of}y of}yo` o`uo uo j uf ef|o ef|oyx yxec ecfe fex} x}j j moaj moaj mo {oyh {oyhei eiey eydc dc c}yc c}yc zuo zuo {uom {uomo o }ofo }ofoyy bo boac acyo yoxx c{cy}ufemjm c{cy}ufemjmox& ox& Of hcfxohuofhej hcfxohuofhej j ciao}c ciao}c mo Lcfhyoe$ dj boacy boacy c{cy}ufemjm c{cy}ufemjm mo hcdchjy hcdchjy xux lcfmcx ox of jzuoddcx {ycoh}cx mcfmo dj ]EY xoj e`ujd c bjcy j dj }jxj mo ef}o ef}oyå yåxx j zuo zuo c}cy c}cy`j `j xux xux {yåx {yåx}j }jbc bcx& x& 'Bêw 'Bêweb ebc1 c1 5;/ 5;/ mo dj }jxj }jxj jh jh}e }e|j |j {ycb {ycbom omec ec {cfmoyjmj mo dcx < {yefhe{jdox ijfhcx mod {jâx owhduemj dj hjy}oyj j`yâhcdj%&

<:

98 Jfowc 9 LCYBJ MO HÊDH_DC MOD HJ[E]JD MO ]YJIJAC [OYBJFOF]O1 :5&: HJ[E]JD MO ]YJIJAC FOHOXJYEC FOHOXJYEC 2 Ol& . Ef|$ B&[& . Ef|& [&]& . H&H& ‘H&[& Mcfmo1 Ol& 2 Ef|of}jyec mo Bj}oyej [yebj ': box% Ef|& B&[& 2 Ef|of}jyec mo [ycmuh}cx ]oybefjmcx ': box% H&H& 2 Huof}jx {cy hciyjy ':? mâjx% H&[& 2 Huof}jx {cy {j`jy ':? mâjx%  hcb{yofmo1 Oloh}e|c ': box% 2 H][ ‘ B&[& ‘ CBM ‘ J  M H][ 2 Hcx}c ]c}jd mo dj [ycmuhheøf B&[& 2 Bj}oyej [yebj CBM 2 C}ycx Bj}oyejdox Meyoh}cx J  M 2 Jbcy}eqjheøf  Mo{yohejheøf :5&:&: Ef|of}jyec mo Bj}oyej [yebj1 ': box% 2 B&[& . CBM B&[& 2 Bj}oyej [yebj CBM 2 C}ycx Bj}oyejdox Meyoh}cx :5&:&9 Ef|of}jyec mo [ycmuh}cx }oybefjmcx ': box% 2 H][ ‘ J  M H][ 2 Hcx}c ]c}jd mo [ycmuhheøf J  M 2 Jbcy}eqjheøf  Mo{yohejheøf :5&:&8 Huof}jx {cy Hciyjy ':? mâjx% 2 ' Ef|& [&]&% # 9 Ef|& [&]& 2 Ef|of}jyec mo [ycmuh}cx ]oybefjmcx ':? mâjx% :5&:&= Huof}jx {cy [j`jy ':? mâjx% 2 'Ef|& B&[&% # 9 Ef|& B&[& 2 Ef|of}jyec mo Bj}oyej [yebj ':? mâjx%

<9

EFMEHOX LEFJFHEOYCX1 MOFC MOFCB BEFJ EFJHECF ECF Xcd|ofhej

Dezuemoq

EFLC EFLCYB YBJH JHEØ EØ F Jh}e|c Heyhudjf}o [jxe|c Heyhudjf}o Jh}e|c Heyhudjf}o Ef|of}jyecx [jxe|c Heyhudjf}o

MO]OYBEFJHEØ F  JH   [H 

 JH   JH  ∙ef| &  [H   [H 

Yox{jdmc mo Jh}e|c ]c}jd Jh}e|cx Do|oyj`o [jxe|c ]c}jd

 [] 

EFMEHO JMOH_JMC 91:

:1:

:1:

 J] 

Ofmoumjbeof}c  ]c}jd Yof}jiedemjm xciyo |of}jx

Yof}jiedemjm xciyo hj{e}jd Fc mâjx yc}jheøf H}jx& [cy hciyjy Hj{e}jdeqjheøf

Hj{e}jd mo }yjijac

[jxe|c ]c}jd Hj{e}jd Hcf}jido _}edemjm ø {åymemj \of}jx fo}jx

 []  HH  _   ø  [ 

 w : ; ;

4?; 6 7/

\ f

_}edemjm ø {åymemj 6 ?/ _   ø  [   w : ; ; Hj{e}jd H H  Hcf}jido Hjx& [cy H}j & {cy  hciyjy   w 8 2 ø 4 8; hciyjy \of}jx mejyejx [ycbomec mâjx |of}jx mejyejx [jxe|c djy`c {djqc 26 :  [ D .H  Hj{e}jd J L  Jh}e|c leac Jh}e|c Heyhudjf}o [jxe|c Heyhudjf}o

 J H 

 [ H  ∙

.

9; Jf Jfo owc 8 EF]OY[YO]JHEØF [cy [cy hjmj hjmj Ix& Ix& Zuo Zuo xo jmoumj xo mex{cfo mo W xubj {jyj yox{cfmoy j dcx jhyoomcyox& Hcfx}e}uo ufj bomemj bêx yâ`emj mo dj gjiedemjm mod ob{yoxjyec {jyj j}ofmoy od {j`c mo xux cide`jhecfox hcyyeof}ox& Hcfchoy od bjy`of mo `jyjf}âj zuo dcx jhyoomcyox mjf efmex}ef efmex}ef}jbof} }jbof}o o xciyo od jh}e|c }c}jd$ [jy}ehe{jheøf mo dj moumj }c}jd hcf yox{oh}c jd {j}yebcfec& Fcx efmehj xâ djx u}ed u}edem emjm jmox ox ci}o ci}ofe femj mjxx xcf djx jmohujmjx of lufheøf mo djx c{oyjhecfox yojdeqjmjx& Bemo Bemo dj {jy} {jy}eh ehe{ e{jh jheø eøf f mo dcx dcx yoxu yoxud} d}jm jmcx cx mo dcx oaoyhehecx lyof}o jd hj{e}jd mo dj ob{yoxj& Fcxx efme Fc efmehj hj od }eob }eob{c {c bomec zuo djx huof}jx {oybjfohof xef hciyjy& Ox}o âfmeho fcx efmehj dj {yc{cyheøf of zuo od jh}e|c leac gj xemc lefjfhejmc {cy od {jxe|c j djy`c {djqc  od hj{e}jd dâzuemc& Ox dj hjf}emjm mo yohu yohuyx yxcx cx foho fohoxj xjye yecx cx {jyj bjf}ofoy uf jmohujmc fe|od mo c{oyjhecfox&

Fc}j1 Od âfmeho jmohujmc fc ox uf {jyêbo}yc yâ`emc$ xefc ufj j{ycwebjheøf j ufj xe}ujheøf emojd$ {uox od yjf`c mod bexbc mo{ofmoyê mo jd`ufcx jx{oh}cx$ }jdox hcbc `yu{c efmux}yejd$ }e{c mo ob{yoxj$ yjbj efmux}yejd$ {ycmuh}c$ o}h&

<8

J[OFMEHO& LCYB_DJX BJ]OBJ]EHJX :&" Lduac Fo}c1 Dcx Hcx}cx zuo hcb{cfof od Lduac mo Lcfmcx xo moye|jf mo dcx ox}umecx mo boyhjmc$ }åhfehc  cy`jfeqjhecfjd jfjdeqjmcx of od {ycoh}c& Dj hcfx}yuhheøf mod lduac mo lcfmcx fc }eofo uf oxzuobj ñfehc$ xefc zuo {oybe}o dj j{dehjheøf mo bcmodcx c{}j}e|cx& Of }cmcx dcx hjxcx od yoxud}jmc mo dj o|jdujheøf xoyê od bexbc xe od lduac mo lcfmcx lcfmcx ox hcfxohuof}o hcfxohuof}o hcf dj }jxj mo moxhuof}c moxhuof}c zuo xo u}edeho u}edeho {jyj o|jdujy od {ycoh}c& Hcbc fc gj meloyofhejx yodo|jf}ox of}yo dcx lduacx mo|of`jmcx 'hcf}jidox%  dcx yojdox$ ijx}j hcf j{dehjy dj xe`ueof}o ow{yoxeøf$ zuo efhcy{cyj dcx ef`yoxcx  o`yoxcx mo hjmj {oyâcmc mod {ycoh}c1 LF 2 'U " O " @l " M% ': " a% . @l . M } } } } } } }

Mcfmo1 LF 2 Lduac Fo}c } 2 [oyâcmc   U 2 Ef`yoxcx O 2 O`yoxcx @l 2 Hjy`j Lefjfheoyj M 2 Mo{yohejheøf   a 2 ]jxj mo eb{uox}c j djx u}edemjmox

Jd yox}jydo j dcx ef`yoxcx }cmcx dcx dcx o`yoxcx$ dcx `jx}cx lefjfheoycx lefjfheoycx  dj mo{yohejheøf$ mo{yohejheøf$ xo ci}eo ci}eofo fo dj u}edem u}edemjm jm jf}ox jf}ox mod eb{uox eb{uox}c$ }c$ zuo jd bud}e{ bud}e{deh dehjyxo jyxo {cy ':"a%$ ':"a%$ {oybe} {oybe}o o mo}oybefjy dj `jfjfhej c u}edemjm fo}j& Xo xubj dj mo{yohejheøf {cy fc hcfx}e}uey uf o`yoxc yojd mo hjaj>  dcx `jx}cx lefjfheoycx$ {jyj fc hcfxemoyjy mcidobof}o xu oloh}c of od lduac  of dj }jxj mo moxhuof}c&

9& Løybudjx zuo hcfxemoyjf od |jdcy }eob{c mod mefoyc 1 J hc hcf} f}eefujh fujheeøf xo efh efhdu duo dj ow{c ow{cxe xehheøf eøf bj}o j}obê}eh ê}ehj j lcyb lcybjd jd mo djx bomemj memjxx jh}ujdeqjmjx bêx eb{cy}jf}ox mod |jdcy mo dcx {ycoh}cx&

f

 ]jxj Iofolehec Hcx}c 2

 If  If

√ ': . e%

f

} 2: f

Hf

√ ': . e%

f

} 2:

<=

f

\jdcy Jh}ujd Fo}c 2

 If  If

∙ Hf

√ ': . e %

f

}  2c

f If " Hf \jdcy Jh}ujd Fo}c1 √ } 2 : ': . e% f Dj }jxj ef}oyfj mo yo}cyfc ']EY%$ ox ufj }jxj mo jh}ujdeqjheøf zuo gjho zuo1 f

∙ Hf

 If  If

√ ': . e%

f

2;

} 2c

Of mcfmo1 If 2 Hf 2 f 2 e 2

Iofolehec mo hjmj júc Hcx}cx mo hjmj júc Fñboyc mo júcx ]jxj mo ef}oyåx

8& C}ycx hye}oyecx mo mohexeøf 1 Løybudjx zuo fc hcfxemoyjf od |jdcy }eob{c mod mefoyc1

Yof}jiedemjm1 Xo molefo hcbc dj yof}jiedemjm bomej jfujd ox{oyjmj xciyo dj ijxo mo dj xe`ueof}o ow{yoxeøf1

2

 Y

 If  If  Ec  Ec

Ef}oy|jdc mo Yohu{oyjheøf mo dj Ef|oyxeøf '[Y%1  [Y  [Y

2

 Ec  If  If

C}yc mo dcx hye}oyecx hcbñfbof}o u}edeqjmc ox od zuo hcfxemoyj od |jdcy mod }eob{c mod mefoyc {jyj od hêdhudc mod EF]OY\JDC MO YOH_[OYJHECF MO DJ EF\OYXECF '[Y%$ ci}ofemc bomejf}o dj xe`ueof}o ohujheøf1  [Y  [Y

2

 Ec  Ec  Ec ' Ec

]EY %

.

Mcfmo1 [Y 2 [oy [oyâc âcmc mc mo Yo Yohu hu{o {oyjh yjheø eøf$ f$ ow{y ow{yox oxj j od fñbo fñboyc yc mo {oyâ {oyâcmc cmcxx foho fohoxj xjye yecx cx {jyj {jyj yohu{oyjy dj ef|oyxeøf efehejd Ec 2 Ef|o Ef|oyx yxeø eøf f Efeh Efehej ejdd If 2 Bomej mo dcx Iofolehecx fo}cx `ofoyjmcx {cy od {ycoh}c of od {djqc {djqc mod hyåme}c& hyåme}c&
 ]EY 2 ]jxj ef}oyfj ef}oyfj yo}cyfc yo}cyfc

:&:

@DCXJYEC MO ]OYBEFCX

<<

@DCXJYEC MO ]OYBEFCX HCFX_BC1

Mobjfmj oloh}e|j jh}ujd zuo ozue|jdo jd |cdubof }c}jd mo }yjfxjhhecfox mo uf {ycmuh}c c xoy|ehec j uf {yohec mo}oybefjmc$ mof}yc mo ufj êyoj mo}oybefjmj$ of uf bcbof}c mjmc&

HYOM HYOME] E]C C [_OF [_OF]O ]O11

Ox od od zuo zuo xo hcfh hcfhom omo o od ef}o ef}oyb ybom omej ejye yec c lefj lefjfh fheo eoyc yc beo beof} f}yj yjxx }jf} }jf}c c xo }yjb }yjbe} e}j jc `ox}ecfj od lefjfhejbeof}c hcf yohuyxcx mo LCFHYOE&

HCX]C HCX]C MO [YCM_HHE [YCM_HHECF1 CF1 @jx}cx @jx}cx chjxec chjxecfjm fjmcx cx {cy od {j`c {j`c mo ef}oyox ef}oyoxox$ ox$ xjdjye xjdjyecx$ cx$ jbcy}eqjh jbcy}eqjhecf ecfox$ ox$ bj}oy j}oyeejx {yeb {yebjx jx  }cm }cmcx jzuo jzuodd ddc cx hcfh cfho{}c o{}cxx zuo efhem fhemof of meyo meyoh} h}j j o efmeyoh}jbof}o of dj {ycmuhheøf mo uf jy}âhudc& MOBJFMJ1

Fohoxemjm c moxoc mo mo jm jmzueyey uf uf ie ieof c uf xo xoy|ehec uf ufemc j dj djx {c {cxeiedemjmox mo jmzueyeydc&

MOBJFMJ MOBJFMJ [C]OFHEJD1 [C]OFHEJD1 \cdubof \cdubof {ycijido {ycijido zuo jdhjfq jdhjfqjyâj jyâj dj mobjfmj mobjfmj yojd {cy {cy od efhyobof}c efhyobof}c fcybjd fcybjd j lu}uyc c ieof xe xo bcmelehjyjf heoy}jx hcfmehecfox mod bomec zuo dj debe}jf& ODJX]EHEMJM1

\jyejheøf yodj}e|j zuo ow{oyebof}j ufj lufheøf c |jyejido mo{ofmeof}o chjxecfjmj {cy dj |jyejheøf yodj}e|j mo uf ljh}cy&

O\JD_JHECF1

Hcfx}e}uo uf ijdjfho mo |of}jajx  mox|of}jajx mo jxe`fjy jd {ycoh}c jfjdeqjmc dcx yohuyxcx fohoxjyecx {jyj xu yojdeqjheøf&

BJFC MO CIYJ MEYOH]J1 MEYOH]J1 Hcfxex}o Hcfxex}o of dcx acyfjdox {j`jmcx {cy od }yjijac }yjijac yojdeqjmc yojdeqjmc of od jy}âhudc jy}âhudc bjfuljh}uyjmc  zuo {uomo hjy`jyxo meyoh}jbof}o jd bexbc& BJFC MO CIYJ EFMEYOH]J1Yo{yoxof}j od }yjijac juwedejy gohgc of yodjheøf hcf dj bjfuljh}uyj mod {ycmuh}c& Ox uf }yjijac zuo fc xo ob{doj of hjbiejy dj lcybj mod {ycmuh}c$ {oyc zuo yojdeqj xoy|ehecx oxofhejdox& BJ]OYEJD MO OB[JZ_O1 Xcf jzuoddcx bj}oyejdox zuo lcybjf {jy}o mod {ycmuh}c xef xulyey bjfuljh}uyj& BJ]OYEJX [YEBJX1

Xcf jzuoddcx bj}oye oyejdox zuo eflduof meyoh}jbof} of}o of od {ychoxc oxc mo {ycmuhheøf&

BOYHJMC1

Xe}ec mo mo hhc cf|oy`ofhej mo mo dj dj cl cloy}j  dj dj mo mobjfmj mo mo {y {ycmuh}cx$ of of zu zuo xo xo ox}jidoho uf {yohec ñfehc

CLOY]J1

Hjf}emjm mo uf uf ieof zuo dcx {ycmuh}cyox ox}êf mex{uox}c j ddo|jy jd boyhjmc mo jhuoymc hcf dcx {yohecx zuo {uomj jdhjfqjy  }ofeofmc of huof}jx xu hj{jhemjm yojd mo {ycmuhheøf&

[YOH [YOHEC EC HCFX HCFX]J ]JF] F]O O

Ox od |jdc |jdcyy bc bcfo fo}j }jye yec c mo uf ieof ieof {ycmu {ycmuhe hemc mc of uf {oyâc {oyâcmc mc mjmc mjmc$$ hjdh hjdhud udjm jmc c u}edeqjfmc dcx {yohecx mo uf júc ijxo leac&

[YOHEC1

\jdcy mo m o ef e f}oyhjbiec mo mo dc d cx ie ieofox  xo x oy|ehecx zu zuo xo x o ox o x}jidoho of o f}yo od od hcb{yjmcy  od |ofmomcy&

[YOHEC H&E&L&

'Hcx}$ efx efxuyjfho$ lyo lyoe`g}$ ox moh mohey$ —hc —hcx}c$ xo` xo`uyc$ ldo ldo}o‒% fcbiyo mjmc jd xex}ob xex}obj j mo {j`c mo ieofox ieofox hujfmc hujfmc xo efhduo efhduo of od hcx}c mo dcx ieofox ieofox ldo}jmcx dcx hcx}cx mod xo`uyc  mod ldo}o&

[YOH YOHEC L&C L&C&I& &I&

'lyoo lyoo cf icjym cjym$$ ox mohe mohey$ y$ {uox uox}cx }cx j icymc cymc%%$ fcb cbiy iyo o mjm mjmc jd xex} xex}ob obj j mo {j`cx j`cx mo ieof ieofox ox ldo}j ldo}jmc mcxx j # ø mo c}yc c}ycxx {jâx {jâxox ox$$ hujf hujfmc mc dj hjf} hjf}em emjm jm {j`j {j`jmj mj huiy huiyo o ñfehjbof}o od |jdcy mo dcx iefox  owhduo od xo`uyc  od ldo}o& <0

[YOH YOHEC HCYYE CYYEO OF] F]O O1

Ox od |jd |jdcy mo djx bo boyh yhjf jfhhâjx âjx bomem omemcx cx of ufemj femjm mox bc bcf fo}jy o}jyej ejxx$ of uf mo}oybefjmc bcbof}c&

[YCUOH]C1

Ox od od {d {djf {y {ycx{oh}e|c mo mo uf ufj uf ufemjm mo mo jh jhheøf hj hj{jq mo mo bj bj}oyejdeqjy jd jd`ñf jx{oh}c mod moxjyycddc ohcføbehc c xchejd&

[_F]C MO OZ_EDE OZ_EDEIYEC1 IYEC1 Ox od |cdubo |cdubof f c fe|od fe|od mo c{oyjhecfo c{oyjhecfoxx {jyj od hujd hujd dcx ef`yoxcx ef`yoxcx }c}jdox }c}jdox  hcx}cx hcx}cx }c}jdox xcf owjh}jbof}o e`ujdox& YOF] YOF]J JIED IEDEMJ EMJM1

Ox dj yod yodjh jheeøf owe owex} x}of of}o }o of of}yo }yo dcx dcx yofm yofmeb ebeo eof f}cx }cx fo} fo}cx ci} ci}of ofeemcx mcx mo dj dj ef| ef|oyx oyxeøf eøf  uf hj{e}jd ef|oy}emc $ ow{yoxjmj mehgj yodjheøf of }jf}c {cy heof}c&

YJQC YJQCF F XCHEJ CHEJD1 D1

Ox od od fcb fcbiy iyo o hcf hcf zuo zuo xo xo {yc {yco oh} h}j j yo` yo`eex}yj x}yjyy dj dj ob{ ob{yo yoxxj  hc hcf o odd huj hujdd olo olohh}ujy }ujyê ê xux }yjfxjhhecfox hcboyhejdox&

X_ODMCX1

[j`c iêxehc mo dcx ob{dojmcx

XJDJYECX1

[j`c iêxehc yojdeqjmc j dcx ciyoycx

]JXJ JH]E\J1

Ox dj dj }j }jxj mo mo ef ef}oyåx zu zuo hci hciyj dc dcxx ef efx}e}u}cx lef lefjfheoyc oycx {c {cy dj yoj yojddeqjheøf mo mo xux c{oyjhecfox jh}e|jx 'hyåme}cx$ hcdchjhecfox$ o}h&%&

 ]JX  ]JXJ J MO MO EF] EF]OY OYOX OX11

Ox od {yoh {yohec ec zuo zuo xo xo {j` {j`j j {cy {cy od uxc uxc mo mo lcf lcfmc mcxx {yo {yox} x}ji jido dox& x&

  ]JXJ EF]OYFJ MO YO]CYFC1 YO]CYFC1

]JXJ [JXE\J1

Xo molefo molefo hcbc jzuoddj jzuoddj }jxj mo ef}oyåx ef}oyåx zuo gjho ozue|jdof} ozue|jdof}ox ox j uf lduac lduac mo ef`yoxcx hcf uf lduac mo hcx}cx& Of c}yjx {jdjiyjx$ jzuoddj }jxj mo ef}oyåx zuo gjho e`ujd j hoyc od |jdcy {yoxof}o mo ef`yoxcx bofcx dcx hcx}cx& Ox dj }jxj mo ef}oyåx zuo {j`jf xux efx}e}uhecfox lefjfheoyjx of xux c{oyjhecfox {jxe|jx 'mo{øxe}c mo jgcyyc$ mo{øxe}c j {djqc$ o}h&%&

IEIDEC@YJLEJ HCFX_D]JMJ

<7

IEOYBJF$ G&  X& XBEM]& Od [yoxu{uox}c mo Ieofox mo Hj{e}jd& Båwehc1 Lcfmc mo Hud}uyj Ohcføbehj$ :500& ICD]OF$ X]O\OF& Jmbefex}yjheøf Lefjfheoyj& Båwehc1 Debuxj$ :57: M&J&JJNOY # @&X& Mj& Ef|ox}e`jheøf mo Boyhjmcx& :578 [GED[[J]CX$ @OCY@O& Lufmjbof}cx mo Jmbefex}yjheøf Lefjfheoyj& Bjmyem1 Mcxxj}$ :505 \JF GCYFO$ A& Lufmjbof}cx mo Jmbefex}yjheøf Lefjfheoyj& Bjmyem1 Mcxxj}$ :505 XJ[J@ HGJEF$ FJXXEY  YOEFJDMC& Lufmjbof}cx mo [yo{jyjheøf  O|jdujheøf O|jdujheøf mo [ycoh}cx& [ycoh}cx& Ic`c}ê1 Bh@yjp"Gedd$ :57?& [YEFHO @E]]EF@OY$ A Jfêdexex Ohcføbehc mo [ycoh}cx J`yâhcdjx& Båwehc1 ]ohfcx Xoyeo Ijfhc Bufmejd& LCF]JEFO$ OYFOX]C& O|jdujheøf [ye|jmj  Xchejd mo mo Hgedo$ :50:&

[ycoh}cx& Xjf}ej`c1 _fe|oyxemjm Hj}ødehj

]JUDCY$ @OCY@O J& Ef`ofeoyâj Ohcføbehj& Båwehc1 Debuxj$ :500& FJHECFOX _FEMJX& Bjfujd mo Lcybudjheøf  O|jdujheøf mo [ycoh}cx&

CF_& :5?7

_YMJFO]J @JD_O$ ACY@O& @uâj {yêh}ehj {jyj dj Lcybudjheøf  O|jdujheøf mo [ycoh}cx& LCFHYOE$ @uâj {jyj dj Lcybudjheøf mo {ycoh}cx efmux}yejdox& :578&  A&B& YCXOBIOY@& Mehhecfjyec mo Jmbefex}yjheøf  Lefjfqjx& L efjfqjx& :55=& Iogyofx # [B Gjpyjfon& Bjfujd {jyj dj [yo{jyjheøf mo Ox}umecx mo \ejiedemjm Efmux}yejd& CF_ME& :55=& ED[OX$ @uâj {jyj dj [yoxof}jheøf mo [ycoh}cx& :50=& L&A& Pox}cf  O&L& Iyc`gjb& Lufmjbof}cx mo jmbefex}yjheøf lefjfheoyj& 0¡ Omeheøf& Bh@yjp"Gedd Hj{&:8& :559& [oyoeyj G$ Acxå Duex& Lcybudjheøf  O|jdujheøf mo {ycoh}cx mo ef|oyxeøf& Ljhud}jm mo Ef`ofeoyâj& _fe|oyxemjm Hj}ødehj Jfmyåx Ioddc& Hj{& 0$ :55<

<5