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EF]YCM_HHEØF Of oddj xo moio uiehjy jd doh}cy mof}yc mo dj }obê}ehj mod {ycoh}c$ yoxjd}jfmc dj lefjdemjm u ciao}e|c bo}cmcdc`âj u}edeqjmj&
HJ[Â]_DC E1 YOX_BOF MOD [YCUOH]C& :&:& Ciao}e| Ciao}e|cx cx Aux}el Aux}elehj ehjheø heøf1 f1 Bofhecfjy djx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx zuo mox}jhjf jd {ycoh}c yox{oh}c j dcx mo âfmcdo xebedjy$ j xoj {cy xu dchjdeqjheøf$ }ohfcdc`âj$ hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mod {ycmuh}c$ |of}jajx hcb{jyj}e|jx$ jgcyyc mo me|exjx$ hyojheøf mo ob{doc$ o}h&$ jxâ hcbc {cy djx |of}jajx zuo xo moye|jf mo xu yojdeqjheøf& Xoújdjy dcx {yefhe{jdox gohgcx zuo bc}e|jf dj {ycbcheøf mod {ycoh}c xu |efhudjheøf hcf dj ob{yoxj {ycbc}cyj c}yjx ob{yoxjx& Ow{oyeofhej mo dcx {ycbc}cyox&
:&9& Jx{oh} Jx{oh}cx cx Jmbefex Jmbefex}yj }yj}e| }e|cx1 cx1 [yc{cyhecfjy eflcybjheøf `ofoyjd mo dj ob{yoxj1 yjqøf xchejd$ uiehjheøf$ ox}yuh}uyj mo hj{e}jd$ ciao}c xchejd$ lohgj mo hcfx}e}uheøf& Emof}elehjheøf mo dcx jhhecfex}jx mo dj Auf}j Meyoh}e|j \e`of}o& Eflcybjy ow{oyeofhej mo dcx beobiycx mo dj Auf}j Meyoh}e|j of dj jh}e|emjm& Hcf|eofo mox}jhjy djx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx$ ox{ohelehjhecfox yoxud}jmcx bêx eb{cy}jf}ox j dcx zuo xo gj ddo`jmc of dcx me|oyxcx me|oyxcx hj{â}udcx$ hj{â}udcx$ mod bexbc bcmc zuo djx |of}jajx |of}jajx c dcx jx{oh}cx {cxe}e|cx {cxe}e|cx mod {ycoh}c {cy xu{uox}c$ xu ox}yuh}uyj cy`jfeqj}e|j& O|cduheøf mod hj{e}jd$ cy`jfe`yjbj mo dj ob{yoxj$ yodjheøf hcf c}yjx ob{yoxjx efmux}yejdox$ hcboyhejdeqjmcyox c mo xoy|ehec& Xe}ujheøf lefjfheoyj jh}ujd&
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HJ[Â]_DC EE1 OX]_MEC MO BOYHJMC Od ox}umec mo boyhjmc 'mej`fcxex {yc`fcxex%$ }eofo hcbc lefjdemjm mo}oybefjy xe owex}o c fc ufj mobjfmj efxj}exlohgj zuo aux}elezuo$ ijac heoy}jx hcfmehecfox$ dj {uox}j of bjyhgj mo uf {yc`yjbj mo {ycmuhheøf mo heoy}cx ieofox c xoy|ehecx of uf ox{jhec mo }eob{c& Od ox}umec mo boyhjmc ox lufmjbof}jd {jyj od jfêdexex mo c}ycx jx{oh}cx }åhfehcx$ ohcføbehcx lefjfheoycx zuo mo}oybefof dj }cbj mo mohexecfox$ of}yo djx zuo mox}jhjf dj xodohheøf mod }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j mo dj dchjdemjm `oc`yêlehj mcfmo xoyê efx}jdjmj& Dcx yoxud}jmcx mod ox}umec mod boyhjmc moiof mjy hcbc {ycmuh}c {ycohhecfox yojdeqjmjx xciyo mj}cx hcflejidox$ mo }jd bjfoyj zuo1 j& Moxmo ox}o {uf}c {uf}c mo |ex}j$ dcx lu}uycx ef|oyxecfex}jx ef|oyxecfex}jx ox}åf mex{uox}cx mex{uox}cx j j{cjy j{cjy od {ycoh}c$ hcf hcf ijxo of dj owex}ofhej mo uf boyhjmc {c}ofhejd zuo gjyê ljh}eido dj |of}j mo dj {ycmuhheøf mo dj {djf}j {djfojmj ci}ofoy jxâ uf hjumjd mo ef`yoxcx zuo dox {oybe}eyê yohu{oyjy dj ef|oyxeøf& i& Dcx }åhfehcx }åhfehcx {uomjf xodohhecfjy xodohhecfjy od {ychoxc djx hcfmehecfox hcfmehecfox mo c{oyjheøf> c{oyjheøf> ox}jidohoy ox}jidohoy dj hj{jhemjm hj{jhemjm mo dj {djf}j efmux}yejd mexoújy c jmzueyey dcx ozue{cx bêx j{yc{ejmcx {jyj od hjxc& h& Xo huof}o hcf dcx mj}cx mj}cx fohoxjyecx fohoxjyecx {jyj oloh}ujy oloh}ujy ox}ebjhecf ox}ebjhecfox ox ohcføbehjx& ohcføbehjx&
9&:& Moxhye{heøf mod [ycmuh}c$ Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx _xcx 1 Of ox}j {jy}o xo moio {yohexjy1 djx ox{ohelehjhecfox c hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx zuo molefof o efmux}yejdeqjf dcx ieofox xoy|ehecx zuo xo ox}umejf> o efmehjy dcx lefox j dcx zuo xo mox}efjf& " " " " "
E`ujdbof}o eflcybjy zueåfox xcf xux hcfxubemcyox od bcmc mo uxc Mox}jhjy gjhoy yoloyofhej jd {ycmuh}c {yefhe{jd xux xui{ycmuh}cx& Efmehjy od fñboyc zuo dox hcyyox{cfmo of dj Hdjxelehjheøf Efmux}yejd Ef}oyfjhecfjd _felcybo 'HEE_% '|oy j{åfmeho1 Hdjxelehjheøf Efmux}yejd _felcybo$ 8yj& yo|exeøf% Xoújdjy xe ox uf ieof muyjido c fc muyjido Efmehjy dj |emj ñ}ed mo dcx ieofox muyjidox
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9&9& Ox}umec mo dj Mobjfmj1 Dj mobj mobjfm fmj j ox dj hujf hujf}e }ele lehj hjhe heøf øf mo dj foho fohoxe xemj mjm m yojd yojd c {xeh {xehcd cdø` ø`eh ehj j mo ufj ufj {cid {cidjh jheø eøf f mo hcb{yjmcyox$ hcf {cmoy jmzuexe}e|c xuleheof}o {jyj {cmoy ci}ofoy uf mo}oybefjmc {ycmuh}c zuo xj}exlj`j mehgj fohoxemjm& Moio xoy hujf}elehjmj of ufemjmox lâxehjx& 9&9&:& Ox}ebjheøf mo dj Mobjfmj1 Xo yoleoyo j dj mobjfmj lu}uyj mo uf {ycmuh}c& Xo ijxj of dj {ycohheøf xciyo dj dâfoj mo }ofmofhej hcyyox{cfmeof}o j dcx mj}cx gex}øyehcx> xo yohcbeofmj yojdeqjy {ycohhecfox j hefhc '?% júcx& [jyj od hcyyoh}c jfêdexex mo dj eflcybjheøf {ycohheøf mo dj mobjfmj ox fohoxjyec mo}oybefjy$ j huêd mo djx xe`ueof}ox hj}o`cyâjx hcyyox{cfmof dcx ieofox j {ycmuhey1 j& Ieofox mo Hcfxubc oxofhejd i& Ieofox mo Hcfxubc xuf}ujyec h& Ieofox Ef}oybomecx m& Ieofox mo Hj{e}jd Dcx hcoleheof}ox bêx u}edeqjmcx {jyj {ycoh}jy dj mobjfmj xcf1
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Hcoleheof}o mo odjx}ehemjm ef`yoxc mo dj mobjfmj1 Ox}o hcoleheof}o buox}yj djx |jyejhecfox zuo xo {ycmuhof of dj mobjfmj {cy dj |jyejheøf mo dcx ef`yoxcx mo dj {cidjheøf&
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Hcfcheofmc dj }jxj mo hyohebeof}c mo dj {cidjheøf$ {cmobcx {ycoh}jy dj {cidjheøf duo`c {cmobcx yodjhecfjy oxj {cidjheøf hcf od hcfxubc {oyhê{e}j$ {jyj hcfchoy dj mobjfmj lu}uyj& Of jd`ufcx hjxcx$ xo gj ox}ebjmc dj mobjfmj ijxo of dcx yozuoyebeof}cx jdebof}ehecx mo dj {cidjheøf ox}ebjmj& Od hêdhudc c {ycohheøf mo dj mobjfmj {cmyê gjhoy zuo od bå}cmc zuo hcfxemoyjbcx bêx j{yc{ejmc$ jufzuo ox}o {uomo ox}jy xuao}c j dj eflcybjheøf mex{cfeido& _fj |oq ox}ebjmj dj mobjfmj efxj}exlohgj$ xo mohemo zuå {jy}o mo åx}j |j j xoy xj}exlohgj {cy od {yc {ycoh oh}c }c oxj oxj hjf} hjf}em emjm jm |eof |eofo o j yo{yox yo{yoxof of}j }jyy dj mobj mobjfm fmj j mod mod {yc {ycoh oh}c }c&& Ox mohe mohey$ y$ zuo zuo od {ycoh}ex}j mo hcbñf jhuoymc hcf od ef|oyxecfex}j }cbjfmc of huof}j dcx jx{oh}cx }åhfehcx dj mex{cfeiedemjm lefjfheoyj$ {yefhe{jdbof}o$ mohemeyêf od {cyhof}jao mo dj mobjfmj efxj}exlohgj zuo |j j xoy huieoy}j {cy od {ycoh}c&
9&8& Ox}umec mo dj Cloy}j1 Dj Cloy}j ox dj hjf}emjm mo uf {ycmuh}c zuo dcx ljiyehjf}ox o eb{cy}jmcyox mod bexbc ox}êf mex{uox}cx j ddo|jy jd boyhjmc$ mo jhuoymc hcf dcx {yohecx |e`of}ox$ hcf dj hj{jhemjm mo xux efx}jdjhecfox hcf dj ox}yuh}uyj ohcføbehj mo xu {ycmuhheøf&
9&8&:& Hj{jhemjm efx}jdjmj mo hjmj hcb{o}emcy1 Emof}elehjy j dcx {yefhe{jdox {ycmuh}cyox xu yox{oh}e|j hj{jhemjm efx}jdjmj& Hujfmc xoj xe`felehj}e|j dj meloyofhej of}yo hj{jhemjm efx}jdjmj cloy}j$ mjy xu ef}oy{yo}jheøf djx yjqcfox mo xu owex}ofhej& Ofufhejy djx debe}jhecfox mo dcx {ychoxcx mo {ycmuh {ycmuhheø heøf f mo}oh} mo}oh}jmj jmjxx of mehgjx mehgjx efx}jd efx}jdjhe jhecfo cfox$ x$ lyof}o lyof}o j djx jmc{}j jmc{}jmjx mjx {jyj {jyj od {ycoh {ycoh}c$ }c$ mox}jhjfmc xux |of}jajx hcb{jyj}e|jx& 9&8&9& Hcb{cy}jbeof}c mo dj cloy}j1 Efmehjy dcx ljh}cyox zuo eflduof of od hcb{cy}jbeof}c mo dj cloy}j> xe ox ox}jhecfjdemjm$ xu {cxeheøf bcfc{ødehj$ {cdâ}ehjx `uioyfjbof}jdox$ hcf}ycdox mo {yohecx$ o}h& 9&8&8& [ycohheøf mo dj cloy}j1 Hujfmc xoj {cxeido$ ox}umejy dj cloy}j hcf helyjx mo |cdubof bêx zuo mo |jdcy& Xo moioyêf he}jy djx luof}ox mo hcfxud}j u}edeqjmjx& Ox hcf|ofeof}o {ycoh}jy od boyhjmc boyhjmc {jyj uf {oyâcmc mo jd bofcx hefhc hefhc júcx&
9&=& Boyhjmc {c}ofhejd {jyj od {ycoh}c 1 [jyj ci}ofoy od {ycføx}ehc mo dj mobjfmj efxj}exlohgj }jf}c of od boyhjmc fjhecfjd hcbc of od ef}oyfjhecfjd> hcb{jyjy dj {ycohheøf mo dj mobjfmj mod {ycmuh}c of ox}umec hcf dj mo dj cloy}j `dcijd$ ox}j yo{yoxof}j od boyhjmc {c}ofhejd mod {ycoh}c$ xef hcfxemoyjy od {cxeido mox{djqjbeof}c mo dcx {ycmuh}cx mo dj hcb{o}ofhej&
9&?& [yohec1 Od ox}umec mo boyhjmc boyhjmc {oybe}o {oybe}o ox}jidohoy mo bjfoyj bjfoyj {yodebefj {yodebefjyy od {yohec zuo moio }ofoy od {ycmuh}c$ {ycmuh}c$ hcf ijxo {yefhe{jdbof}o of dcx xe`ueof}ox ljh}cyox1 " Dcx {yohecx mo |of}j mo dj hcb{o}ofhej " Od }e{c mo hcfxubemcyox " Od hcoleheof}o mo odjx}ehemjm {yohec"mobjfmj " Dj yojhheøf ox{oyjmj mo dcx hcb{o}emcyox " Ox}yj}o`ej clehejd of bj}oyej mo {cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj 'efhof}e|cx$ {yc}oh" hecfox$ o}h&%&
5
Of}yo dcx {yohecx mo dj hcb{o}ofhej xo moiof hcfxemoyjy jmobêx mo dcx {yohecx mo {ycmuh}cx xebedjyox$ dcx {yohecx mo dcx {ycmuh}cx xux}e}u}cx mo dcx {ycmuh}cx hcb{dobof}jyecx& Od }e{c mo hcfxubemcyox eflduo of od {yohec$ {yefhe{jdbof}o hcf ijxo of dj {yoloyofhej jd {cmoy jmzuexe}e|c mo dcx bexbcx& Of}yo djx bomemjx clehejdox mo {cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj zuo {uomof }ofoy eflduofhej of od {yohec mod {ycmuh}c$ xo ofhuof}yjf od hcf}ycd clehejd mo {yohecx$ od hcf}ycd mo hjbiec mo me|exjx$ dcx xuixemecx mo }oyhoycx$ djx {cdâ}ehjx lexhjdox mo j{cc jd moxjyycddc efmux}yejd of}yo c}ycx$ eb{uox}cx$ {cdâ}ehj jyjfhodjyej hcboyhejd&
9&<& Hjfjdox mo Hcboyhejdeqjheøf1 Ox od hcfauf hcfauf}c }c mo jh}e|e jh}e|emjm mjmox ox yod yodjhe jhecfj cfjmjx mjx hcf dj }yjfxl }yjfxloyof oyofhej hej mo ieofox ieofox xoy|eh xoy|ehecx ecx moxmo moxmo dcx {ycmuh}cyox gjx}j od hcfxubemcy lefjd&
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HJ[Â]_DC EEE1 ]JBJÚC U DCHJDEQJHECF& Xo hcfcho hcbc }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd dj hj{jhemjm efx}jdjmj mo {ycmuhheøf mo dj bexbj& Ox}j hj{jhemjm hj{jhemjm xo ow{yoxj ow{yoxj of dj hjf}emjm hjf}emjm {ycmuhemj {ycmuhemj {cy ufemjm ufemjm mo }eob{c$ }eob{c$ ox mohey |cdubof$ |cdubof$ {oxc$ |jdcy c ufemjmox mo {ycmuh}c odjicyjmcx {cy júc$ box$ mâjx }uyfc$ gcyj$ o}h& Of jd`ufcx hjxcx dj hj{jhemjm mo ufj {djf}j xo ow{yoxj$ fc of }åybefcx mo dj hjf}emjm mo {ycmuh}c zuo xo ci}eofo$ xefc of lufheøf mod |cdubof mo bj}oyej {yebj zuo xo {ychoxj& Of djx {djf}jx efmux}yejdox zuo huof}jf hcf ozue{cx mo meloyof}ox hj{jhemjmox$ dj hj{jhemjm mo dj {djf}j xo mj of lufheøf mod ozue{c o zue{c mo bofcy hj{jhemjm& Of jzuoddjx efmux}yejx zuo odjicyjf me|oyxcx dc}ox mo {ycmuh}cx mo meloyof}ox hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx$ od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j xo xuodo ox{ohelehjy hcf yox{oh}c yo x{oh}c j dj {ycmuhheøf mo uf dc}o }e{c c boqhdj mo {ycmuh}cx&
8&:& Ljh}cyox zuo mo}oybefjf od ]jbjúc 1 Jmobêx mo dj hj{jhemjm efx}jdjmj$ dcx ljh}cyox zuo eflduof mo bjfoyj {yomcbefjf}o of dj xodohheøf mod }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd xcf dcx xe`ueof}ox1 8&:&:& Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mod boyhjmc mo hcfxubc 8&:&9& Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mod boyhjmc mo {yc|oomcyox 8&8&8& Ohcfcbâjx mo oxhjdj 8&8&=& Mex{cfeiedemjm mo yohuyxcx lefjfheoycx 8&8&?& Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mo dj bjfc mo ciyj 8&8&<& ]ohfcdc`âj mo {ycmuhheøf 8&8&0& [cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj 8&:&:& 8&:&:& Hjyjh}oyâ Hjyjh}oyâx}e x}ehjx hjx mod boyhjm boyhjmc c mo hcfxub hcfxubc1 c1 Od {yeboy {yeboy {jxc {jxc of dj xodohh xodohheøf eøf mod }jbjúc }jbjúc mo ufj ufj {djf}j$ xuodo xoy ufj yo|exeøf mo dcx yoxud}jmcx mod ox}umec mo boyhjmc mo hcfxubc$ }ofmeof}o j mo}oybefjy xe dj mebofxeøf mod boyhjmc {c}ofhejd ox}ebjmc {jyj od {ycoh}c aux}elehj c fc efx}jdjy dj {djf}j& 8&:&9& Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mod boyhjmc mo {yc|oomcyox1 Dcx |cdñbofox djx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mo djx bj}oyejx {yebjx$ jxâ hcbc dj dchjdeqjheøf mo djx êyojx mo {ycmuhheøf mo djx bexbjx$ xcf dcx ljh}cyox zuo xo`uemjbof}o xo }cbjf of huof}j {jyj jaux}jy od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j& Of oloh}c$ xe xo {yo|å zuo od |cdubof mex{cfeido mo dj bj}oyej {yebj fc ox xuleheof}o {jyj ddofjy dcx yozuoyebeof}cx mo jijx}ohebeof}c mo dj {djf}j jd fe|od mo hj{jhemjm {yo"xodohhecfjmc$ xoyê fohoxjyec yomuhey mehgc fe|od {jyj jaux}jydc j dj mex{cfeiedemjm {yo|exeido mo bj}oyej {yebj& Od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j jxâ jaux jaux}j }jmc mc$$ moio moio yo|ex yo|exjy jyxo xo of lufh lufheø eøf f mo dj mex{ mex{oyx oyxeø eøf f mo djx djx êyojx êyojx mo {ycm {ycmuh uhhe heøf øf$$ mo dj eflyjox}yuh}uyj mo hcbufehjheøf }yjfx{cy}o mo djx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mo dj bj}oyej {yebj$ j zuo od hcx}c mo }yjfx{cy}o mo dj bexbj mo}oybefjyê od yjmec bêwebc mo j{yc|execfjbeof}c zuo ox {cxeido u}edeqjy& Dcx Dcx {oyâ {oyâcm cmcx cx mo mex{ mex{cf cfei eied edem emjm jm djx djx lduh lduh}u }ujh jhec ecfo foxx of od xube xubefe fex} x}yc yc mo bj bj}o }oye yejx jx {yeb {yebjx jx {oyohomoyjx }jbieåf {uomof cye`efjy dj fohoxemjm fo hoxemjm mo jaux}o of od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j& 8&:&8& 8&:&8& Ohcfcb Ohcfcbâjx âjx mo Oxhjdj Oxhjdj11 Xo hcfcho hcfchof f hcbc hcbc Ohcfcb Ohcfcbâjx âjx mo Oxhjdj Oxhjdj djx yomuhh yomuhhecf ecfox ox mo dcx hcx}cx hcx}cx ufe}jy ufe}jyecx ecx mo c{oyjh c{oyjheøf eøf mo ufj ufj {djf}j {djf}j efmux}ye efmux}yejd jd moiemc moiemc j1 efhyob efhyobof} of}cx cx of xu }jbjúc }jbjúc c j jubof}cx of xu {oyâcmc mo c{oyjheøf {cy me|oyxelehjheøf mo xu {ycmuhheøf c ieof {cy ow}ofxeøf mo xux jh}e|emjmox ob{yoxjyejdox$ j }yj|åx mod uxc mo ljhedemjmox mo cy`jfeqjheøf$ {ycmuhheøf c hcboyhejdeqjheøf mo c}yjx ob{yoxjx$ j{dehjheøf mo }ohfcdc`âj boacyjmj$ o}h& 8&:&=& Mex{cfeiedemjm mo Yohuyxcx Lefjfheoycx 1 Efmumjidobof}o ufc mo dcx ljh}cyox debe}jf}ox mo dj mebofxeøf mo uf {ycoh}c efmux}yejd ox dj mex{cfeiedemjm mo yohuyxcx lefjfheoycx& Ox}cx yohuyxcx xo yozueoyof {jyj gjhoy lyof}o }jf}c j djx fohoxemjmox mo ef|oyxeøf of jh}e|cx leacx hcbc {jyj xj}exljhoy dcx yozuoyebeof}cx mo Hj{e}jd mo ]yjijac& Dcx yohuyxcx {jyj huiyey djx fohoxemjmox mo uf {ycoh}c efmux}yejd mo efehej}e|j {ye|jmj {uomof {yc|ofey mo mcx luof}ox {yefhe{jdox1 ::
j& Mod hj{e}jd hj{e}jd xchejd xuxhye}c xuxhye}c {j`jmc {cy dcx jhhecfex}jx jhhecfex}jx mo dj'x% ob{yoxj'x% ob{yoxj'x% zuo xo lcybo'f% lcybo'f% {jyj jmzueyey$ efx}jdjy c{oyjy dj {djf}j& i& Mo dcx hyåme}cx hyåme}cx zuo zuo xo {uomjf ci}ofoy ci}ofoy mo efx}e}uhec efx}e}uhecfox fox ijfhjyejx ijfhjyejx$$ {ñidehjx {ñidehjx {ye|jmjx& {ye|jmjx& 8&:&?& Hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mo dj Bjfc mo Ciyj1 _f ljh}cy debe}jf}o mod }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd {uomo xoy dj do`exdjheøf djicyjd$ j zuo {cmyâj yoxud}jy bêx hcf|ofeof}o yomuhey od }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j zuo gjhoy lyof}o j luoy}ox oyc`jhecfox {jyj mc}jy mo heoy}cx xoy|ehecx xchejdox j dcx }yjijajmcyox mo dj bexbj 'hcbomcyox efmux}yejdox$ }yjfx{cy}o mo {oyxcfjd xoy|ehecx båmehcx%& Ox}o ljh}cy ufemc j dj ljd}j mo bjfc mo ciyj hjdelehjmj {uomo cide`jy j yohcfxemoyjy od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j& 8&:&<& ]ohfcdc`âj mo [ycmuhheøf1 [jyj dj xodohheøf mod }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j }jbieåf xo moiof }cbjy of huof}j djx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx mo dcx {ychoxcx dcx ozue{cx& Of jd`ufjx chjxecfox$ {jyj jubof}jy dj hj{j hj{jhe hemj mjm m efx} efx}jd jdjm jmj$ j$ xo yozue yozueoyo oyo mo `yjf `yjfmo moxx ef|o ef|oyx yxec ecfo foxx c mo {oyâ {oyâcm cmcx cx bu bu djy` djy`cx cx mo hcfx}yuhheøf c efx}jdjheøf of dcx hujdox ox fohoxjyec mexbefuey dj {ycmuhheøf$ {cy dc zuo yoxud}j jhcfxoajido dj xodohheøf mo uf }jbjúc efehejd mo {djf}j bjcy zuo od mo}oybefjmc of lufheøf mo c}ycx ljh}cyox& 8&:&0& [cdâ}ehj Ohcføbehj1 Dj {cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj |e`of}o {uomo eflduey xuix}jfhejdbof}o of od }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j j efx}jdjy$ j }yj|åx mod ox}jidohebeof}c mo me|oyxcx efhof}e|cx& Ox}cx efhof}e|cx {uomof ox}jy ox}jy ofhjbe ofhjbefjm fjmcx cx j xux}e xux}e}ue }ueyy djx eb{cy} eb{cy}jhe jhecfox cfox j lcbof} lcbof}jy jy djx ow{cy} ow{cy}jhe jhecfo cfox& x& Of c}yjx c}yjx chjxecfox$ dj {cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj {uomo yomuhey od }jbjúc mod {ycoh}c$ j xoj debe}jfmc dj eb{cy}jheøf mo ozue{cx bj}oyej {yebj {cy hcf|ofey j dj ijdjfqj mo {j`cx 'jgcyyc mo me|exjx% c$ debe}jfmc od hyåme}c j heoy}jx efmux}yejx hcbc hcfxohuofhej mo dcx {yc`yjbjx mo moxjyycddc of dcx hujdox xo ofhuof}yo ob{oújmc od {jâx& Of yoxubof$ dj mo}oybefjheøf mod }jbjúc mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd yozueoyo mo dj yo|exeøf jfêdexex mo}jddjmc mod hcfauf}c mo ljh}cyox mo eflduofhej$ }cmcx dcx hujdox }eofof yo{oyhuxeøf of od bcf}c mo djx ef|oyxecfox fohoxjyejx {jyj efx}jdjy dj {djf}j$ of dcx fe|odox mo yof}jiedemjm zuo gjiyêf mo ci}ofoyxo of djx {oyx{oh}e|jx mo hyohebeof}c mo dj bexbj&
8&9& ]jbjúc Ø{}ebc1 Dj mo}o mo}oyb ybef efjh jheø eøf f mod mod }jbj }jbjúc úc moio moio ijxj ijxjyx yxo o of mcx mcx hcfx hcfxem emoyj oyjhe hecf cfox ox zuo zuo hcfl hcfleoy eoyof of uf hjyê hjyêh} h}oy oy hjbiejf}o j dj c{}ebemjm mod {ycoh}c1 dj yodjheøf {yohec"|cdubof$ {cy od oloh}c mo dj odjx}ehemjm mo dj mobjfm mobjfmj$ j$ dj yod yodjhe jheøf øf hcx}c" hcx}c"|cd |cdubo ubof$ f$ {cy djx ohc ohcfcb fcbâjx âjx moxohc moxohcfcb fcbâjx âjx mo oxhjdj oxhjdj zuo zuo {uomof {uomof dc`yjyxo of od {ychoxc {ycmuh}e|c& Dj o|cduheøf zuo xo yojdeho mo ox}jx |jyejidox }eofo {cy ciao}c mo}oybefjy dcx hcx}cx iofolehecx mo djx meloyof}ox jd}oyfj}e|jx {cxeidox mo eb{dobof}jy& Bomejf}o uf jfêdexex mo xofxeiedemjm$ xo jfjdeqj od oloh}c mo |jyejhecfox of ufj jd}oyfj}e|j mo }jbjúc mjmj$ ow{jfmeåfmcdc c yomuheåfmcdc$ {jyj zuo j }yj|åx mo j{ycwebjhecfox xuhoxe|jx {uomj molefeyxo jzuåddj j dj zuo hcyyox{cfmj uf bjcy |jdcy jh}ujd fo}c '\JF%& Od hye}oyec zuo xo ob{doj of ox}o hêdhudc hêdhudc ox od bexbc zuo xo xe`uo xe`uo {jyj o|jdujy o|jdujy od {ycoh}c {ycoh}c `dcijd& Dj ñfehj ñfehj meloyofhej meloyofhej of od {ychomebeof}c {ychomebeof}c ox zuo jd o|jdujy o|jdujy od |jdcy jh}ujd jh}ujd fo}c '\JF% '\JF% {jyj mo}oybefjy od }jbjúc xo {oybe}of j{ycwebjhecfox of djx helyjx$ zuo jd o|jdujy od {ycoh}c moiof moxj`yo`jyxo dc xuleheof}o {jyj {oybe}ey xu jfêdexex efme|emujd& Dj hcb{doaemjm mo ox}o {ychomebeof}c$ fc }jf}c {cy melehud}jm hcbc {cy bj`fe}um$ gjho yohcbofmjido od jfêdexex bomejf}o lduacx jmohujmcx& Of ox}o hjxc$ ox {cxeido molefey ufj }jxj ef}oyfj mo yo}cyfc bjy` bj y`ef efjd jd mod mod }jbj }jbjúc úc$$ zuo zuo hcyy hcyyox ox{c {cfm fmoyâ oyâj j j dj }jxj }jxj mo moxh moxhuo uof} f}c c zuo zuo gjho gjho fudc fudc jd ldua lduac c mo djx djx meloyofhejx of}yo dcx ef`yoxcx o`yoxcx mo dcx }jbjúcx mo jd}oyfj}e|j& Beof}yjx dj }jxj bjy`efjd xoj xu{oyecy j dj }jxj mo hcy}o molefemj {jyj od {ycoh}c$ hcf|ofmyê jubof}jy od }jbjúc& Od fe|od ø{}ebc ox}jyê mjmc {cy od {uf}c of od hujd jbijx }jxjx xo e`ujdjf& Ox}j hcfmeheøf xo hub{do hujfmc od }jbjúc mod {ycoh}c xo efhyobof}j gjx}j zuo od iofolehec bjy`efjd mod ñd}ebc :9
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Od }jbjúc mo uf {ycoh}c hcf mobjfmj hyoheof}o 1 Jd jfjdeqjy djx |jyejidox mo}oybefjf}ox mod }jbjúc mod {ycoh}c$ xo {djf}oø dj fohoxemjm mo hcfxemoyjy od hcb{cy hcb{cy}jb }jbeof eof}c }c lu}uyc lu}uyc mo dj mobjfmj mobjfmj hcbc hcbc ufj lcybj lcybj mo c{}ebe c{}ebeqjy qjy dj mohexe mohexeøf$ øf$ fc }jf}c }jf}c of yox{uox}j j ufj yojdemjm hcuf}uyjd hcuf}uyjd hcbc j ufj xe}ujheøf xe}ujheøf mefêbehj of od }eob{c&
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8&8& Dchjdeqjheøf1 Of dj dchjdeqjheøf mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd dcx ljh}cyox zuo efhemof bêx |e`cycxjbof}o xcf1 :& 9& 8& =& ?& <&
_iehjh _iehjheøf eøf mod mod boyhj boyhjmc mc mo hcfx hcfxub ubc& c& Dj dchjdeqj dchjdeqjheøf heøf mo djx djx luof}ox luof}ox mo bj}oyej bj}oyej {yebj& {yebj& Mex{cfeie Mex{cfeiedemjm demjm hjyjh}oyâx hjyjh}oyâx}ehjx }ehjx mo dj bjfc mo mo ciyj& Ljhedemjm Ljhedemjmox ox mo }yjfx{cy} }yjfx{cy}o o |âjx mo mo hcbufehjhe hcbufehjheøf øf jmohujmjx jmohujmjx Mex{cfeie Mex{cfeiedemjm demjm hcx}c hcx}c mo mo ofoy`âj ofoy`âj odåh}yehj odåh}yehj hcbiux hcbiux}eid }eido o Mex{cxehe Mex{cxehecfox cfox do`jdox$ do`jdox$ lexhjdox lexhjdox c mo {cdâ}ehj {cdâ}ehj mo dchjdeqjhe dchjdeqjheøf øf mo dj efmux}yej efmux}yej bjfuljh}uy bjfuljh}uyoyj oyj '|oy jfowcx EEE&: EEE&9%& EEE&9%& 0& Mex{cfeie Mex{cfeiedemjm demjm mo xoy|ehecx xoy|ehecx {ñidehcx$ {ñidehcx$ j`uj$ }odålcfc$ }odålcfc$ |ejdemjm$ |ejdemjm$ eflyjox}yuh}u eflyjox}yuh}uyj$ yj$ odebefjheøf odebefjheøf mo moxohgcx& :?
Dj Dchjdeqjheøf mo dj Efmux}yej moioyê ox}jy of hcfhcymjfhej hcf dj fcybj}e|j ox}jidohemj {cy od Befex} Befex}oyec oyec mod Jbieof Jbieof}o }o mo dcx Yohuyx Yohuyxcx cx Fj}uyj Fj}uyjdox dox Yofc|j Yofc|jido idoxx #c mod Befex} Befex}oyec oyec mo Xjfemj Xjfemjm m Jxex}ofhej Xchejd$ meye`emcx j dj hcfxoy|jheøf$ molofxj boacyjbeof}c mod jbieof}o$ xo`ñf dc mex{uox}c of od Mohyo}c Fc& 9;;: mod :8";?"78$ @jho}j Clehejd Fñboyc 89&057 mod 9<";7"78&
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HJ[Â]_DC E\1 EF@OFEOYEJ MOD [YCUOH]C& Dj ef`ofeoyâj mo uf {ycoh}c efmux}yejd }eofo {cy ciao}c ddofjy ufj mcido lufheøf1 {yeboyc$ dj mo j{cy}jy dj eflcybjheøf zuo {oybe}j gjhoy ufj o|jdujheøf ohcføbehj mod {ycoh}c> xo`ufmc$ dj mo ox}jidohoy djx ijxox }åhfehjx xciyo djx zuo xo hcfx}yueyê o efx}jdjyê dj {djf}j$ of hjxc mo zuo od {ycoh}c mobuox}yo xoy ohcføbehjbof}o j}yjh}e|c& Dj {yeboyj ljxo mo dj ef`ofeoyâj mod {ycoh}c hcfxex}o of dj yojdeqjheøf mo ufj xoyeo mo jh}e|emjmox zuo }eofof {cy ciao}c ci}ofoy dj eflcybjheøf fohoxjyej {jyj dj jmc{heøf mo uf {ychoxc mo {ycmuhheøf jmohujmc> ox fohoxjyec zuo xo xodohhecfo dj }ohfcdc`âj j u}edeqjy$ ox mohey$ od {jzuo}o mo }åhfehjx$ {ychoxcx {yêh}ehjx$ dj mo}oybefjheøf mo dcx efxubcx$ mo djx bj}oyejx {yebjx djx ciyjx he|edox$ o}h& Of dj xo`ufmj ljxo xo ox{ohelehj ox{ohelehj dj bjzuefjyej$ bjzuefjyej$ ozue{cx ozue{cx ciyjx he|edox he|edox {jyj ci}ofoy ci}ofoy hc}eqjhecfox hc}eqjhecfox {yoxu{uox}cx$ hcf ox}j ijxo$ mo}oybefjy dj bj`fe}um mo dj ef|oyxeøf yozuoyemj&
=&:& [ychoxc [ycmuh}e|c1 Xo of}eofmo {cy {ychoxc djx }yjfxlcybjhecfox zuo yojdeqjyê od j{jyj}c {ycmuh}e|c hcfhoiemc of od {ycoh}c {jyj hcf|oy}ey ufj jmohujmj hcbiefjheøf mo efxubcx of heoy}j hjf}emjm mo {ycmuh}cx& Of ox}cx }åybefcx$ od {ychoxc xo emof}elehj hcf dj lufheøf mo {ycmuhheøf xo hjyjh}oyeqj {cy dcx ox}jmcx efehejd lefjd mo dj |jyejido zuo bemo od ciao}c mo xu jb{dejheøf '|oy jfowc E\&:%& Of buhgcx hjxcx od {ycoh}c fc {djf}oj {ycidobjx ox{ohejdox of hujf}c jd {ychoxc c xex}obj mo {ycmuhheøf> {oyc c}ycx$ ofheoyyjf hcb{doaemjmox jd}oyfj}e|jx zuo hcf|eofo ow{dehjy hcfauf}jbof}o hcf djx xcduhecfox clyohemjx& Dj moxhye moxhye{he {heøf øf mod {ychoxc {ychoxc xo ljhed ljhede}j e}jyê yê hcf dj jumj jumj mo lduac lduac`yjb `yjbjx jx mo {ychox {ychoxc c c mej`yj mej`yjbjx bjx mo heyhudjheøf$ hcf}yeiuofmc jxâ j ufj boacy {yoxof}jheøf hjdemjm&
=&9& Ijdjfho mo Bj}oyejdox1 Xo moioyê ox}jidohoy ox}jidohoy uf ijdjfho ijdjfho mo djx bj}oyejx {yebjx {yebjx c}ycx efxubcx efxubcx {jyj hjmj {ycmuh}c {ycmuh}c zuo of}yjf j uf {ychoxc hcf dcx {ycmuh}cx$ xui{ycmuh}cx mox{oymehecx$ zuo of åd xo cye`efjf& [jyj dj odjicyjheøf mo ox}cx ijdjfhox mo bj}oyejdox moiobcx hcfchoy dcx hcoleheof}ox }åhfehcx mo yofmebeof}cx of od {ychoxc$ {cyhof}jao mo xui{ycmuh}cx {cyhof}jao mo mox{oymehecx&
=&8& [oyâcmc c{oyjhecfjd c{oyjhecfjd ox}ebjmc mo dj {djf}j1 Od {oyâcmc c{oyjhecfjd mo dj {djf}j$ xo hcfcho hcbc od {oyâcmc ohcføbehc mod {ycoh}c c |emj ox od }eob{c zuo molefo }cmjx djx {ycohhecfox 'mobjfmj$ cloy}j$ ef`yoxcx$ o`yoxcx$ o}h&%& Dj |emj ñ}ed mod {ycoh}c xo ox}jidoho of lcybj {yêh}ehj$ mo jhuoymc hcf dj |emj ñ}ed ox}ebjmj mo dcx ozue{cx bêx hcx}cxcx mo dj ob{yoxj c mo jhuoymc hcf od {djqc jd hujd xo hcfcho c xo ox}ebj hcfxo`uey od {yåx}jbc& [jyj ox}jidohoydc ox}jidohoydc fohoxe}jbcx fohoxe}jbcx hcfchoy dj |emj ñ}ed mo dcx ozue{cx$ ozue{cx$ dj hujd ox ox}jidohem ox}jidohemj j {cy dcx ljiyehjf}ox c {oye}cx$ of od hjxc mo bjzuefjyej ozue{cx uxjmcx&
=&=& Hj{jhemjm mo [ycmuhheøf1 Dj hj{jhemjm mo {ycmuhheøf xo moio xoújdjy of dj ufemjm ox{ohâlehj mo |of}j c hcboyhejdeqjheøf mo dj ob{yoxj1 {cy }e{c mo {ycmuh}cx$ nedcx$ ufemjmox$ b8$ o}h&$ xe xo uxjf ow{yoxecfox }jdox hcbc xjhcx$ dj}jx$ dj}jx$ o}h&> xo moio xoújdjy od {oxc dj hjf}emjm hjf}emjm mo ufemjmox ufemjmox 'mod xex}obj bå}yehc mohebjd%$ mohebjd%$ j oloh}cx mo xeb{delehjy gcbc`ofoeqjy dj ijxo mo hêdhudc& Xo jfjdeqj dj oxhjdj mo {ycmuhheøf {ycmuhheøf c djx yjqcfox jmuhemjx jmuhemjx {jyj dj odohheøf odohheøf mod }jbjúc mo dj {djf}j$ {djf}j$ dj hj{jhemjm mo {ycmuhheøf efx}jdjmj {yoxof}o j dj zuo xo ddo`jyê mox{uåx mo oaohu}jmc od {ycoh}c$ hcfxemoyjmj hcbc dj hj{jhemjm bêwebj mo {ycmuhheøf of hcfmehecfox ø{}ebjx yojdox mo c{oyjheøf&
:0
Jmobêx$ xo moio xoújdjy od ye}bc mo xu u}edeqjheøf `yjmujd of od }eob{c o efmehjy od fñboyc mo }uyfcx mâjx djicyjdox {cy júc$ jxâ hcbc dcx xu{uox}cx ijxox {jyj od hêdhudc mo dj hj{jhemjm$ hcbc {cmyâj xoy1 dj boqhdj mo {ycmuh}cx$ {ycmuh}cx$ xux ox{ohelehjhecfox$ `jyjf}âj mo xubefex}yc xubefex}yc mo bj}oyej {yebj$ o}h& " Hj{jhemjm Efx}jdjmj Jh}ujd " Hj{jhemjm Efx}jdjmj _}edeqjmj " Hj{jhemjm mod [ycoh}c 'efhyobof}jd% " Hj{jhemjm Efx}jdjmj Hcfxcdemjmj Hcfxcdemjmj 'xe}ujheøf Jh}ujd Jh}ujd . [ycoh}c%
=&?& Mex}yeiuheøf mo dj Bjzuefjyej Ozue{cx of dj {djf}j efmux}yejd 'Djcu}% Dj mex}yeiuheøf mo dj bjzuefjyej ozue{cx mo}oybefjyê of jd}c `yjmc dj oleheofhej mo dj c{oyjheøf mo ufj {djf}j efmux}yejd$ j zuo jloh}j jd }eob{c j dcf`e}um mo dcx mox{djqjbeof}cx mo bj}oyejdox c{oyjyecx$ jxâ hcbc j djx ef|oyxecfox of ciyjx he|edox of o f ozue{cx mo }yjfx{cy}o& [jyj ox}j mex}yeiuheøf mo bjzuefjyej ozue{cx xo moiof }cbjy of huof}j dcx xe`ueof}ox ljh}cyox1 :& ]jbjúc fñboyc mo mo dj bjzuefjyej ozue{cx zuo hcb{yofmo od xex}obj mo {ycmuhheøf& 9& Djx {yo|execf {yo|execfox ox mod ox{jhec ox{jhec {cy yjqcfox yjqcfox mo {ychoxc {ychoxc 8& Dcx ox{jhecx yozuoyemcx {jyj jdbjhofjbeof}c bjfoac mo bj}oyejdox of {ychoxc& {ychoxc& =& Dcx ox{jhecx ox{jhecx yozuoyemcx yozuoyemcx {cy yjqcfox mo xo`uyemjm xo`uyemjm efmux}yejd efmux}yejd ?& Djx {yo|execfox mod mod ox{jhec yozuoyemc {jyj jb{dejhecfox lu}uyjx of dj hj{jhemjm mo {ycmuhheøf& {ycmuhheøf& <& Fñboyc mo mo c{oyjyecx c{oyjyecx of hjmj ox}jheø ox}jheøf f mo }yjijac }yjijac 0& Dj {cxeiedemjm {cxeiedemjm mo efhcy{cyjheøf mo effc|jhecfox }åhfehjx&
=&<& [djfcx mo Mex}yeiuheøf mo dj [djf}j Dcx {djfcx mo mex}yeiuheøf mo dj {djf}j xey|of {jyj ox}jidohoy od }jbjúc dj dchjdeqjheøf mo djx êyojx efmux}yejdox momehjmjx j1 yoho{heøf mo bj}oyejx {yebjx$ odjicyjheøf mo {ycmuh}cx$ xoy|ehecx juwedejyox$ hcf}ycd mo hjdemjm$ of|jxo ob{jzuo$ jdbjhofjbeof}c o ef}oyhcbufehjheøf mo dj {djf}j& Dj bo}j lufmjbof}jd zuo xo {oyxe`uo ox ci}ofoy dj boacy yodjheøf of}yo ox{jhec$ ef|oyxeøf hcx}cx mo {ycmuhheøf&
:7
HJ[Â]_DC \&1 CY@JFEQJHECF& ?&:& Jx{oh}cx @ofoyjdox1 Of od {ycoh}c xo moioyê ox}e{udjy od }e{c mo ob{yoxj zuo xo {eofxj ox}jidohoy$ lcybj auyâmehj$ lohgj mo hcfx}e}uheøf$ muyjheøf$ mcbehedec mo dj {djf}j mo djx clehefjx$ bcf}c mod hj{e}jd xchejd fjhecfjdemjm mo dcx jhhecfex}jx {cyhof}jao mo {jy}ehe{jheøf mo hjmj ufc mo oddcx&
?&9 Ox}yuh}uyj Cy`jfeqj}e|j1 Ox}yuh}uyj mo dj Ob{yoxj1 xo yoleoyo j dcx yohuyxcx gubjfcx mex{cfeidox {jyj jmbefex}yjy od {ycoh}c& Jx{oh}cx Djicyjdox1 fñboyc mo ob{dojmcx$ }åhfehcx ciyoycx jh}ujdox$ bcf}c mo dj føbefj jh}ujd lu}uyj& [yoxof}jheøf mod cy`jfe`yjbj jmbefex}yj}e|c
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HJ[Â]_DC \E1 EF\OYXECFOX U LEFJFHEJBEOF]C1 Ox dj mo}oybefjheøf mo dcx yohuyxcx lefjfheoycx fohoxjyecx {jyj dj efx}jdjheøf {uox}j of bjyhgj mo dj {djf}j efmux}yejd& Djx ef|oyxecfox of uf {ycoh}c xo me|emof of1
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0&:=& Jfêdexex mo Yeox`c1 Od yeox`c mo uf {ycoh}c mo ef|oyxeøf dc {cmobcx molefey hcbc dj |cdj}edemjm c |jyejiedemjm mo dcx lduacx mo hjaj yojdox yox{oh}c j dcx lduacx ox}ebjmcx$ beof}yjx bjcy xoj dj |ejiedemjm mo ox}cx lduacx bjcy xoyê od yeox`c j zuo xo ofhcf}yjyê xcbo}emc od {ycoh}c mo ef|oyxeøf& Od jfêdexex mo yeox`c }eofo xu lufmjbof}jheøf o eb{cy}jfhej of dcx ñd}ebcx júcx moiemc j dj efhoy}emubiyo o efox}jiedemjm mo fuox}yj ohcfcbâj& Of od yeox`c {cmobcx emof}elehjy mcx hcb{cfof}ox$ od Yeox`c @ofoyjd ijxjmc of od of}cyfc ohcføbehc o hcføbehc dj {cdâ}ehj ohcføbehj mo uf {jâx 'yeox`c {jâx% od Yeox`c Ox{ohâlehc jxchejmc j djx {jy}ehudjyemjmox {yc{ejx mo hjmj fo`chec&
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7&9& HCFHD_XECFOX U YOHCBOFMJHECFOX1 Xo moiof {yoxof}jy hcfhduxecfox yodj}e|jx j dcx jx{oh}cx mo}oybefjf}ox mod {ycoh}c$ ox{ohejdbof}o of dc yoloyof}o jd boyhjmc$ {yohecx$ {yo hecx$ }ohfcdc`âj dcx jx{oh}cx ohcføbehcx " lefjfheoycx& Moiof {yoxof}jyxo djx yohcbofmjhecfox bêx {oy}efof}ox of yodjheøf hcf hjmj ufc mo dcx mex}ef}cx jx{oh}cx mod {ycoh}c xciyo dj mohexeøf mo yohcbofmjy c fc dj oaohuheøf mod {ycoh}c> jxâ hcbc mo dcx jx{oh}cx c hcfmehecfox owex}of}ox zuo moiof bcmelehjyxo {jyj od boacy moxjyycddc mod {ycoh}c&
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