UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUNTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO
FACULTAD DE QUíMICA
LABORATORIO DE TERMODINÁMICA
DETERMINACIÓN DE LA MASA MOLAR DE UN LÍQUIDO VOLÁTIL POR EL MÉTODO DE LAS PRESIONES PARCIALES. .
DETERMINACIÓN DE LA MASA MOLAR DE UN LíQUIDO VÓLATIL VÓLATIL POR EL MÉTODO DE LAS PRESIONES PARCIALES. PARCIALES.
OBJETIVO.
Determ!"r #" m"$" m%#"r &e '!" $'$t"!(" )%#*t# em+#e"!&% e# m,t%&% &e +re$%!e$ +"r("#e$.
INTRODUCCIÓN.
L" m"$" m%#"r $e $e &e-!e (%m% #" #" m"$" / % 0/1 0/1 &e '! m%# &e '!&"&e$ (%m% (%m% m%#,('#"$ % *t%m%$1 &e '!" $'$t"!(" e2+re$"&" e! /r"m%$. P"r" &eterm!"r #" m"$" m%#"r e! e$t"&% /"$e%$% $e &e3e &e $'+%!er 4'e #" $'$t"!(" $e (%m+ (%m+%r %rt" t" (%m% (%m% /"$ /"$ &e" &e"## 5" 4'e 4'e e$t% e$t% +erm +ermtte e (%! (%! m"5 m"5%r -"( -"(##&" &"& & #" &eterm!"(6! &e &(7" m"$" m%#"r. L" $/'e!te $/'e!te e('"(6! e('"(6! !%$ "'2#" +"r" &eterm!"r #" m"$" m%#"r8 M 9 mRT : PV &%!&e8 M8 m"$" m%#"r &e# #4'&% )%#"t# /:m%#1
m8 m"$" &e# #4'&% )%#"t# !5e(t"&" /1 P8 +re$%! +"r("# &e# )"+%r &e# #4'&% )%#"t# "tm1 V8 )%#'me! &e# m"tr"; &e 3%#" L1 T8 tem+er"t'r" &e# $$tem" 0 R8 <.<=> L"tm:m%#0 Me5er 5 Re/!"'#t 3'$("r%! &eterm!"r #%$ )%#?me!e$ &e #%$ e#eme!t%$. Pe$6 ("!t&"&e$ e! /r"m%$ !'m,r("me!te /'"#e$ "# +e$% "t6m(% &e ("&" e#eme!t%@ &e$+',$ m&er%! e# )%#'me! 4'e %('+"r%! e$t%$ e$+"(%$ " #" m$m" tem+er"t'r" 5 +re$6!. Se #e ##"m" +re$6! +"r("#@ " #" +re$6! &e '!" me;(#" &e /"$e$@ 4'e !% re"((%!"! 4'ím("me!te 5 e$ /'"# " #" $'m" &e #"$ +re$%!e$ +"r("#e$. Q'e eer(erí" ("&" '!% &e e##%$ $%#%$@ $ $%#% '!% %('+"r* e# )%#'me! t%t"# $! ("m3"r #" tem+er"t'r". L"$ -r"((%!e$ m%#"re$ &e #%$ (%m+%!e!te$ $%! !e(e$"r"$ +"r" (%!%(er #"$ -r"((%!e$ +"r("#e$. Pre$6! +"r("# &e# )"+%r &e# #4'&% )%#*t#8 P 9 Pm"!> Pm"!
MATERIAL@ EQUIPO REACTIVOS USADOS.
. M"tr"; 3%#" &e -%!&% +#"!% &e <<< mL >. tr"m% &e t'3% #*te2 . term6metr% . $%+%rte '!)er$"# (%! +!;"$ G. > t'3%$ &e )&r% G (m1 e! *!/'#% re(t% H. ##")e &e +"$% . T"+6! tetr" 7%r"&"&% +"r" e# m"tr"; =. 3"% &e tem+er"t'r" (%!$t"!te K. t"+6! +"r" ("t,ter (%! mem3r"!" <. Jer!/" &e mL (%! "/'" #"r/" . m"!6metr% &e mer('r% >.B"#"!;" &e +re($6! <.<</
DIARAMA DE FLUJO.
Pe$"r 5 re/$tr"r #" m"$" &e #" er!/" )"("
(%!e(t"r #" +er" +%r e2trem% &e #" ##")e &e +"$%@ 3%m3e"r 5 ##e/"r " Pm"! De
G(m
$ !% 7"5 -'/"$@ "3rr ##")e &e +"
%$
)er-("r 4'e #" &e "#t'r" &e / $e m"!te/" (te.
'$"r #" er!/" &e mL (%! "/'" +"r" t%m"r <.mL &e# #4'&% )%#"t# +r%3#em"@ +e$"r e! #" 3"#"!;"
!tr%&'(r e# m"tr"; &e 3%#" e! 3"% &e T(te
re/$tr"r Pm"! &e$+'e$ &e (err"r #" ##")e
('"!&% $e "#("!(e <C (err"r ##")e &e +"
%$
!tr%&'(r #" "/'" " tr")e; &e# t"+%! &e# ("teter "# t"+%! &e 7'#e e !5e(t"r " -! &e !(%r+%r"r e# #4'&% )%#"t# "# m"tr";.
TABLAS DE DATOS EXPERIMENTALES.
M"$" er!/" $! #4'&% /1 M"$" er!/" (%! #4'&% /1 Pre$6! 3"r%m,tr(" #%("# "tm1 Tem+er"t'r" "# (err"r e# $$tem" C1 Pre$6! m"!%m,tr(" !("# "tm 1 Pre$6! m"!%m,tr(" -!"# "tm 1 M"$" &e# m"tr"; )"(í% /1 M"$" &e# m"tr"; (%! "/'" /1 M"$" &e# "/'" e! e# m"tr"; /1
.< .K< <. <C <. .< <. >. >>.
M"$" &e #" $'$t"!(" +r%3#em" /1 Pre$6! +"r("# &e# #í4'&% )%#*t# "tm1 V%#'me! &e# $$tem" L1 M"$" m%#"r &e #" $'$t"!(" +r%3#em"
<.=K <.> .>> K>.KH<>
/:m%#1
E! 3"$e " #" ?#tm" +re/'!t" &e# ('e$t%!"r% +re)% Q', re#"(6! e2$te e!tre #" m"$" m%#"r 5 #" +re$6! +"r("#1
P"r" $"3er -r"((%!e$ +"r("#e$ $e !e(e$t"! $"3er #"$ -r"((%!e$ m%#"re$ &e #%$ (%m+%!e!te$.
&e!t-(" 4'e !-%rm"(6! $e re4'ere +"r" &eterm!"r #" m"$" m%#"r.
M 9 mRT: PV. M8 m"$" m%#"r &e# #4'&% )%#"t# /:m%#1 m8 m"$" &e# #4'&% )%#"t# !5e(t"&" /1 P8 +re$%! +"r("# &e# )"+%r &e# #4'&% )%#"t# "tm1 V8 )%#'me! &e# m"tr"; &e 3%#" L1 T8 tem+er"t'r" &e# $$tem" 0 R8 <.<=> L"tm:m%#
RESULTADOS.
M"$" er!/" $! #4'&% /1 M"$" er!/" (%! #4'&% /1 Pre$6! 3"r%m,tr(" #%("# "tm1 Tem+er"t'r" "# (err"r e# $$tem" C1 Pre$6! m"!%m,tr(" !("# "tm 1 Pre$6! m"!%m,tr(" -!"# "tm 1 M"$" &e# m"tr"; )"(í% /1 M"$" &e# m"tr"; (%! "/'" /1 M"$" &e# "/'" e! e# m"tr"; /1
.< .K< <. <C <. .< <. >. >>.
M"$" &e #" $'$t"!(" +r%3#em" /1 Pre$6! +"r("# &e# #í4'&% )%#*t# "tm1 V%#'me! &e# $$tem" L1 M"$" m%#"r &e #" $'$t"!(" +r%3#em"
<.=K <.> .>> K>.KH<>
/:m%#1
('*# e$ e# +%r(e!t"e &e err%r (%! re$+e(t% " #" m"$" m%#"r &e #" $'$t"!(" +r%+'e$t"
N%$%tr"$ +r%3"m%$ &%$ $'$t"!("$ +r%+'e$t"$ 5 !%$ +"re(e 4'e #" &e me!%r +%r(e!t"e &e err%r e$ #" $'$t"!(" 4'e te!"m%$ (%m% $$tem". err%r9 )"#%r e2+erme!t"# )"#%r te%r(% : )"#%r te%r(% 2 << 1 "(et%!" 9 K>.KH<> G=.< : G=.< 2 << 9 H< >1 eter et#(%9 K>.KH<> .> : .> 2 << 9 >G.>
ANALISIS DE RESULTADOS.
Se #%/r% &eterm!"r #" m*$ m%#"r &e# /"$ )%#*t# "# m"!+'#"r #" +re$6!@ "$í em+#e"!&% e# m,t%&% &e #"$ +re$%!e$ +"r("#e$ &'r"!te #" e2+erme!t"(6!@ te!e!&% "$í #%$ &"t%$ !e(e$"r%$ +"r" ("#('#"r #" m"$" m%#"r &e# /"$.
APLICACIONES EN LA INDUSTRIA.
L%$ #í4'&%$ )%#*t#e$ $e '$"! e! me&(!" (%m% "!e$t,$(%$ e! ('5"$ )e!t""$ &e$t"("! $' +%te!("@ '!" !&'((6! $'")e@ #" "'$e!(" &e rrt"(6! "# )"+%r 5 r"r"me!te +r%&'(e t%$ % +"'$"$ re$+r"t%r"$ (%m% +%r eem+#%8 7"#%t"!% e $%-#'r"!%. E# 7"#%t"!% +r%&'(e '!" re#""(6! m'$('#"r m%&er"&" 4'e ")e(e$ re$'#t" !$'-(e!te +"r" (r'/í"$ e! ('5%$ ("$%$ $e em+#e"! m%rre#""!te$ e$+e(í-(%$. E)t"r #" e2+%$(6!
re+et&"@ "# me!%$@ tre$ me$e$@ $"#)% (r('!$t"!("$
(#í!("$ &e -'er;" m"5%r. T"m3,! $e 't#;"! (%m% &$%#)e!te$ #%$ ('"#e$ te!e! (%m% +r!(+"# %3et)% m"!te!er #"$ +!t'r"$ e! e$t"&% #4'&% 5 +ermtr 4'e "# "+#("r e$t%$ +r%&'(t%$ re##e!e! #%$ +%r%$ &e #"$ $'+er-(e$ tr"t"&"$. T"m3,! +ermte re/'#"r #" )$(%$&"& +"r" &e"r#" e! $' -%rm" %+tm" $e/?! #" -%rm" &e "+#("(6! 5 (%!&(%!e$ "tm%$-,r("$. A# $e("r$e@ e# &$%#)e!te &e3e e)"+%r"r$e t%t"#me!te 5 !% m%&-("r #" re$!" &e+%$t"&". L%$ &$%#)e!te$ t"m3,! $e 't#;"! +"r" #" #m+e;" &e #%$ 'te!$#%$ 5 7err"me!t"$ &e +!t"r.
CONCLUSIONES.
D'r"!te #" e2+erme!t"(6! +'&m%$ m"!+'#"r #" +re$6! &e# $$tem" e! e# ('"# $e tr"3"6@ +"r" %3te!er #" m"$" m%#"r &e# /"$ )%#*t# 4'e $e !tr%&'% e! e# m"tr";@ %3te!e!&% &-ere!te$ +re$%!e$ m"!%m,tr("$. A7%r" 4'e term!"m%$@ +'&m%$ )er 4'e #%$ &"t%$ #%$ -'m%$ %3te!e!&% me&"!te 7"(í"m%$ #" e2+erme!t"(6!@ 5 "$í %3t')m%$ +rmer% #"$ +re$%!e$ +"r("#e$ 5 &e$+',$ !'e$tr" m"$" m%#"r &e# #4'&% )%#*t#.
REFLEXIONAR RESPONDER.
1 De "('er&% (%! e# m"!'"# &e -$(" 5 4'm(" CRC #" (%m+%$(%! e! )%#'me! &e #" "tm%$-er" e$ #" $/'e!te8 =.<= &e N > ><.KH &e O > <.K &e Ar 5 <.< &e CO > ("#('#"r #"$ +re$%!e$ +"r("#e$ &e# !tr%/e!% 5 e# %2/e!% $'+%!e!&% 4'e $' (%m+%rt"me!t% e$ &e"#. -"#t" $%#% e$t" +re/'!t". >1 Re$%#)er #%$ $/'e!te$ +r%3#em"$. "1 Se &eterm!" #" m"$" m%#"r &e #" !(%t!" me&"!te e# met%&% &e D'm"$. E# m"tr"; '$"&% te!e '!" ("+"(&"& &e >=mL 5 #" m"$" &e #" $'$t"!(" +r%3#em" -'e <.K</. "# (err"r e# m"tr"; $e re/$tr% '!" tem+er"t'r" &e >H C 5 '!" +re$%! &e =.=(m/. C'*# e$ e# )"#%r &e #" m"$" m%#"r &e #" !(%t!" e! /:m%# M9 H.H> /:m%# m9 <.K</ T9 GK.G 0 P9 <.KH "tm V9 <.>= L R9 <.<=> "tmL : 0m%#. 31 E! '! "+"r"t% &e V(t%r Me5er "# e)"+%r"r$e <.mL &e "re me&&%$ e! '!" 3'ret" &e mer('r% " >H.C 5 <.KH "tm &e +re$%!. C'*# e$ #" m"$" m%#"r &e# 7&r%("r3'r% M9 <>.>H>> /:m%#
V9 <.<> L m9 <.KK.>G 0 P9 <.KH "tm
APLICACIÓN DEL LENUAJE TERMODINAMICO.
1 E! e# e2+erme!t% 4'e $e re"#;%@ ('"# e$ e# $$tem" "!te$ 5 &e$+'e$ &e r%m+er #" "m+%##et" E# m"tr"; +%r4'e )" " $er e# %3et% &e e$t'&% >1 A!te$ &e r%m+er #" "m+%##et"@ C'*!t%$ (%m+%!e!te$ te!e e# $$tem"@ C'*#e$ $%!@ Q', (%m+%!e!te $e e!('e!tr" e! m"5%r +r%+%r(%! Te!e &%$ (%m+%!e!te$@ e# #4'&% )%#"t# % $'$t"!(" +r%3#em" (%!te!&% e! #" "m+%##et" 5 #" +re$%! % "re (%!te!&% e! e# $e!t% e$te e# (%m+%!e!te (%! m"5%r +r%+%r(%!. 1 D3'"r e# !$tr'me!t% &e tr"3"% 5 $e"#"r &%!&e $e e!('e!tr" e# $$tem"
1 De$+'e$ &e r%m+er #" "m+%##et"@ C'*!t"$ -"$e$ +re$e!t" e# $$tem" U!" -"$e. G1 Q', t+% &e +"re&e$ #mt"! e# $$tem" P"re& r/&" 5 &"term(". H1 C6m% $e (#"$-(" e# $$tem" "!te$ 5 &e$+'e$ &e r%m+er #" "m+%##et" %m%/e!e% 5 "3ert%.
1 C'*#e$ $%! #"$ )"r"3#e$ term%&!"m("$ 4'e $e m%&-("! &'r"!te e# e2+erme!t% Tem+er"t'r"@ +re$%! 5 )%#'me!. =1 C'*#e$ $%! #"$ )"r"3#e$ term%&!"m("$ 4'e +erm"!e(e! (%!$t"!te$ N'mer% &e m%#e$ 5 #" (%!$t"!te &e #%$ /"$e$ &e"#e$. K1 L" m"$" m%#"r $e (#"$-(" (%m% '!" +r%+e&"& E2te!$)".
BIBLIORAFÍA.
GIAMBATTISTA, RICHARDSON Y RICHARDSON (2009). FISICA. MEXICO,
MCGRAWHILL. PP 278-289. CHANG, !IMICA, EDITORIAL M"GRAWHILL, #0$ EDICION, P.22.
