Mba Project

A Project Report on

‘SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT’ (M.B.A PROJECT MANAGEMENT) BY SAYED SHAK! SAYED BABAJAN Re". No. # $$$%&'MBA%%$ $$$%&'MBA%%$ n*er t+e G,-*nce o/  Mr.SUNIL JHA

Qualification- B.Tech (Hons), MBA, DBA, (IAU,USA) Profession-Director-Yes Education

KARNATAKA STATE OPEN N0ERSTY MKTHAGANGOTR1 MYSORE 23% %%4 JAN’'%$& E56-nt-on 1

A Project Report on

‘SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT’ Ren*ere* 78 Ren*ere* 78 Ye9 E*,ct-on M,:,n* M,67S,76-tte* to

KARNATAKA STATE OPEN N0ERSTY -n prt-: /,:/-::6ent /or t+e ;r* o/ t+e M.B.A (Project Mn"e6ent) S,76-tte* 78

SAYED SHAK! SAYED BABAJAN Re". No. # $$$%&'MBA%%$ $$$%&'MBA%%$ n*er t+e G,-*nce o/  Mr.SUNIL JHA

Qualification- B.Tech (Hons), MBA, DBA, (IAU,USA) Profession-Director-Yes Education

KARNATAKA STATE OPEN N0ERSTY MKTHAGANGOTR1 MYSORE 23% %%4 JAN’'%$& E56-nt-on

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A Project Report on

‘SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT’ Ren*ere* 78 Ren*ere* 78 Ye9 E*,ct-on M,:,n* M,67S,76-tte* to

KARNATAKA STATE OPEN N0ERSTY -n prt-: /,:/-::6ent /or t+e ;r* o/ t+e M.B.A (Project Mn"e6ent) S,76-tte* 78

SAYED SHAK! SAYED BABAJAN Re". No. # $$$%&'MBA%%$ $$$%&'MBA%%$ n*er t+e G,-*nce o/  Mr.SUNIL JHA

Qualification- B.Tech (Hons), MBA, DBA, (IAU,USA) Profession-Director-Yes Education

KARNATAKA STATE OPEN N0ERSTY MKTHAGANGOTR1 MYSORE 23% %%4 JAN’'%$& E56-nt-on

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KARNATAKA STATE OPEN MKTHAGANGOTR1 MYSORE 23% %%4 Project Cert-/-cte T+-9 -9 to cert-/8 t+t SAYED SHAK! SAYED BABAJAN 7er-n" t+e Re". No. $$%&'MBA%%$ +9 9,cce99/,::8 co6p:ete* t+e project ;or< on=SO!D >ASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT = ,n*er t+e ",-*nce o/ MR.S,n-: J+. T+e project report -9 9,76-tte* to t+e Krnt< Stte Open n-?er9-t8 /or E56-nt-on Jn’'%$&.

Re"-9trr (E?:,t-on)

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GDE’S CERT@CATE  +ere cert-/8 t+t t+e re9erc+ ;or< e67o*-e* -n t+e *-99ertt-on ent-t:e* So:-* ;9te Mn"e6entProject= +9 7een ,n*er t
 N6e  S-"nt,re o/ G,-*e P:ce# Dte #

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KARNATAKA STATE

OPEN N0ERSTY

MKTHAGANGOTR1

MYSORE 23% %%4

APP!CATON @OR OBTANNG APPRO0A! @OR TT!E O@ PROJECT AND >!!NGNESS O@ THE  NAME O@ THE CORSE >TH SPECA!SATON

#MBA PROJECT MANAGEMENT

ENRO!!MENT NO

#$$$%&'MBA%%$

 NAME AND ADDRESS O@ THE CANDDATE #SAYED SHAK! SAYED BABAJAN STA BA CHA>! NO.41HARYA! 0!!AGE 0KHRO! (EAST) MMBA &%%%F CONTACT MOB!E NO

#F'3'%

 NAME O@ THE STDY CENTRE  CODE

#YES EDCATONCo*e 4%3

TT!E O@ THE PROJECT (n B:oc< !etter9)

#So-:* >9te Mn"e6ent Project

A79trct #T+e P,rpo9e t+-9 project -9 -6p:e6entt-on o/ 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent 989te6 t ?r-o,9 *,6p-n" "ro,n* t 6,67- /or *-9po9: o/ ;9te n* rec8c:-n" ;9te .M,67- -9 ?er8 +?-n" 9+ort"e o/ :n* ?-:7:e to to *-po9e "r7"e co::ecte* *-:8  989te6 -9 re,-re* to ?o-*e 9+ort"e o/ :n* n* ;-t+ con9-*ert-on o/ He:t+.  NAME O@ THE GDE

# Mr.Sunil Kumar Jha

IA!@CATON O@ THE GDE

# B.Tech (Hons), MBA, DBA, (IAU,USA)

EPERENCE N THE RESPECT0E CADRE

# 10 Years

DESGNATON O@ THE GDE

# Manain Direc!or

ADDRESS (CONTACT NO)

# Y"S "DU#ATI$%, &01, 'A%A #$MM"#IA* '*A+A,

M..$AD, MU*U%D (-)

SGNATRE O@ THE GDE >TH SEA! # SGNATRE O@ THE CANDDATE 5

SO!D >ASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT

T7:e o/ Content9 $. A79trct .................................................................................................................3 '. ntro*,ct-on .................................................................................................$F . So:-* >9te Mn"e6ent -n M,67- ..................................................... &. T+e Cr-9-9 ....................................................................................................3 . B,*"etr8 A::oct-on................................................................................................&$ 4. PROJECT OBJECT0ES.........................................................................................& 3. Project T9<.................................................................................................&& F. Tec+no:o"8.......&4 . E?:,t-n" 6jor 7ene/-t9 o/ Project ........% $%. Ro:e o/ t+e C-t-Len9 o/ M,67- ..............................................................................F $$. B,9-ne99 Opport,n-t8............................................................................................... $'. Re/erence ..................................................................................................................4%

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$.A79trct >9te 6n"e6ent -9 t+e co::ect-on1 trn9port1proce99-n" or *-9po9:1 6n"-n" n* 6on-tor-n" o/;9te 6ter-:9. T+e ter6 ,9,::8 re:te9 to 6ter-:9 pro*,ce* 78 +,6n ct-?-t81 n* t+e  proce99 -9 "ener::8 ,n*ert9te 6n"e6ent -9  *-9t-nct prct-ce /ro6 re9o,rce reco?er8 ;+-c+ /oc,9e9 on *e:8-n" t+e rte o/ con9,6pt-on o/ nt,r: re9o,rce9. A:: ;9te 6ter-:91 ;+et+er t+e8 re 9o:-*1 :-,-*1 "9eo,9 orr*-oct-?e /:: ;-t+-n t+e re6-t o/ ;9te 6n"e6ent. >9te 6n"e6ent prct-ce9 cn *-//er /or *e?e:ope*n* *e?e:op-n" nt-on91 /or ,r7n n* r,r: re91 n* /orre9-*ent-: n* -n*,9tr-: pro*,cer9. Mn"e6ent o/ n on+Lr*o,9 ;9te re9-*ent-: n* -n9t-t,t-on: ;9te -n 6etropo:-tn re9 -9 ,9,::8 t+e re9pon9-7-:-t8 o/ :oc: "o?ern6ent ,t+or-t-e91 ;+-:e 6n"e6ent /or no n+Lr*o,9 co66erc-: n* -n*,9tr-: ;9te -9 ,9,::8 t+e re9pon9-7-:-t8 o/ t+e "enertor 9,7ject to :oc:1 n t-on: or -nternt-on: ,t+or-t-e9. H-9tor8 T+ro,"+o,t 6o9t o/ +-9tor81 t+e 6o,nt o/ ;9te "enerte* 78 +,6n9 ;9 -n9-"n-/-cnt *,e to :o;pop,:t-on *en9-t8 n* :o; 9oc-et: :e?e:9 o/ t+e e5p:o-tt-on o/ nt,r: re9o,rce9. Co66on ;9te pro*,ce* *,r-n" pre6o*ern t-6e9 ;9 6-n:8 9+e9 n* +,6n 7-o*e"r*7:e ;9te1 n* t+e9e ;ere re:e9e* 7c< -nto t+e "ro,n* :oc::81 ;-t+ 6-n-6,6 en?-ron6ent: -6pct. Too:9 6*e o,t o/ ;oo* or6et: ;ere "ener::8 re,9e* or p99e* *o;n t+ro,"+ t+e "enert-on9. Ho;e?er1 9o6e c-?-:-Lt-on9 *o 9ee6 to +?e 7een 6ore pro/:-"te -n t+e-r ;9te o,tp,t t+n ot+er9. n prt-c,:r1 t+e M8 o/ Centr: A6er-c +*  /-5e* 6ont+:8 r-t,:1 -n ;+-c+ t+e  peop:e o/ t+e ?-::"e ;o,:* "t+er to"et+er n* 7,rn t+e-r r,77-9+ -n :r"e *,6p9. Mo*ern er

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@o::o;-n" t+e on9et o/ -n*,9tr-:-9t-on n* t+e 9,9t-ne* ,r7n " ro;t+ o/ :r"e pop,:t-on centre9 -n En":n*1 t+e 7,-:*,p o/ ;9te -n t+e c-t-e9 c,9e*  rp-* *eter-ort-on -n :e?e:9 o/ 9n-tt-on n* t+e "ener: ,:-t8 o/ ,r7n :-/e. T+e 9treet9 7ec6e c+oor<9 ;9 t+e /-r9t c-t8;-*e ,t+or-t8 t+t centr:-Le* 9n-tt-on re",:t-on /or t+e rp-*:8 e5pn*-n" c-t8 n* t+e P,7:-c He:t+ Act $F3 6*e -t co6p,:9or8 /or e?er8 +o,9e+o:* to *epo9-t t+e-r ;ee<:8 ;9te -n 6o?e7:e receptc:e9# /or *-9po9:t+e /-r9t concept /or  *,9t7-n. T+e *r6t-c -ncre9e -n ;9te /or *-9po9: :e* to t+e cret-on o/ t+e /-r9t -nc-nert-on p:nt91 or1 9 t+e8 ;ere t+en c::e*1 *e9tr,ctor9. n $F3&1 t+e /-r9t -nc-nertor ;9 7,-:t -n Nott-n"+6 78 Mn:o?e1 A::-ott  Co. !t*. to t+e *e9-"n o/ A:7ert @r8er.Q Ho;e?er1 t+e9e

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;ere 6et ;-t+ oppo9-t-on on cco,nt o/ t+e :r"e 6o,nt9 o/ 9+ t+e8 pro*,ce* n* ;+-c+ ;/te* o?er t+e ne-"+7o,r-n" re9. S-6-:r 6,n-c-p: 989te69 o/ ;9te *-9po9: 9pr,n" ,p t t+e t,rn o/ t+e '%t+ cent,r8 -n ot+er :r"e c-t-e9 o/ E,ropen* Nort+ A6er-c. n $F 1 Ne; Yor< C-t8 7ec6e t+e /-r9t .S. c-t8 ;-t+  p,7:-c9ector "r7"e 6n"e6ent. Er:8 "r7"e re6o?: tr,c<9 ;ere 9-6p:8 open 7o*-e**,6p tr,c<9 p,::e* 78  te6 o/ +or9e9. T+e8 7ec6e 6otor-Le* -n t+e er:8 prt o/ t+e '%t+ cent,r8 n* t+e /-r9t c:o9e 7o*8 tr,c<9 to e:-6-nte o*o,r9 ;-t+  *,6p-n" :e?er 6ec+n-96 ;ere -ntro*,ce* -n t+e $'%9 -n Br-t-n. T+e9e ;ere 9oon e,-ppe* ;-t+ +opper 6ec+n-969 ;+ere t+e 9cooper ;9 :o*e* t /:oor :e?e: n* t+en +o-9te* 6ec+n-c::8 to *epo9-t t+e ;9te -n t+e tr,c<. T+e Gr;oo* !o* Pc
9

9t7-:-t8 n* co?ere* to pre?ent ttrct-n" ?er6-n (9,c+ 9 6-ce or rt9). Mn8 :n*/-::9 :9o +?e :n*/-:: "9 e5trct-on 989te69 -n9t::e* to e5trct t+e :n*/-:: "9. G9 -9 p,6pe* o,t o/ t+e :n*/-:: ,9-n" per/orte* p-pe9 n* /:re* o// or 7,rnt -n  "9 en"-ne to "enerte e:ectr-c-t8. nc-nert-on nc-nert-on -9  *-9po9: 6et+o* -n ;+-c+ 9o:-* or"n-c ; 9te9 re 9,7jecte* to co67,9t-on 9o 9 to con?ert t+e6 -nto re9-*,e n* "9eo,9 pro*,ct9. T+-9 6et+o* -9 ,9e/,: /or *-9po9: o/ re9-*,e o/ 7ot+ 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent n* 9o:-* re9-*,e /ro6 ;9te ;ter 6n"e6ent. T+-9 proce99 re*,ce9 t+e ?o:,6e9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te to '% to % percent o/ t+e or-"-n: ?o:,6e. nc-nert-on n* ot+er +-"+ te6pert,re ;9te tret6ent 989te69 re 9o6et-6e9 *e9cr-7e* 9 t+er6: tret6ent. nc-nertor9 con?ert ;9te 6ter-:9 -nto +et1 "91 9te6 n* 9+. nc-nert-on -9 crr-e* o,t 7ot+ on  96:: 9c:e 78 -n*-?-*,:9 n* on  :r"e 9c:e 78 -n*,9tr8. t -9 ,9e* to *-9po9e o/ 9o:-*1 :-,-* n* "9eo, 9 ;9te. t -9 reco"n-Le* 9  prct-c: 6et+o* o/ *-9po9-n" o/ cert-n +Lr*o,9 ;9te 6ter-:9 (9,c+ 9 7-o:o"-c: 6e*-c: ;9te). nc-nert-on -9  contro?er9-: 6et+o* o/ ;9te *-9po9:1 *,e to -99,e9 9,c+ 9 e6-99-on o/ "9eo,9 po::,tnt9. nc-nert-on -9 co66on -n co,ntr-e9 9,c+ 9 Jpn ;+ere :n* -9 6ore 9crce1 9 t+e9e /c-:-t-e9 "ener::8 *o not re,-re 9 6,c+ re 9 :n*/-::9. >9tetoener"8 (>tE) or ener"8/ro6;9te (E/>) re 7ro* ter69 /or /c-:-t-e9 t+t 7,rn ;9te -n  /,rnce or 7o-:er to "enerte +et1 9te6 or e:ectr-c-t8. Co67,9t-on -n n -nc-nertor -9 not :;89 per/ect n* t+ere +?e 7een concern9 7o,t po::,tnt9 -n "9eo,9 e6-99-on9 /ro6 -nc-nertor 9tc<9. Prt-c,:r concern +9 /oc,9e* on 9o6e ?er8 per9-9tentor"n-c co6po,n*9 9,c+ 9 *-o5-n91 /,rn91 n* PAH91 ;+-c+ 68 7e crete* n* ;+-c+ 68 +?e 9er-o,9 en?-ron6ent: con9e,ence9. Rec8c:-n"

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Rec8c:-n" -9  re9o,rce reco?er8 prct-ce t+t re/er9 to t+e co::ect-on n* re,9e o/ ;9te 6ter-:9 9,c+ 9 e6pt8 7e?er"e cont-ner9. T+e 6ter-:9 /ro6 ;+-c+ t+e -te69 re 6*e cn  7e reproce99e* -nto ne; pro*,ct9. Mter-: /or rec8c:-n" 68 7e co::ecte* 9eprte:8 /ro6 "ener: ;9te ,9-n" *e*-cte* 7-n9 n* co::ect-on ?e+-c:e91  proce*,re c::e*
11

e//-c-enc-e9 ec+ 8er 78 e:-6-nt-n" ;9te t+ro,"+ re9o,rce reco?er8 prct-ce91 ;+-c+ re 9,9t-n7-:-t8re:te* ct-?-t-e9. One ;8 to *o t+-9 -9 78 9+-/t-n" ;8 /ro6 ;9te 6n"e6ent to re9o,rce reco?er8 prct-ce9 :-
12

con?ert or"n-c 6ter-:9 *-rect:8 -nto  98nt+et-c "9 (98n"9) co6po9e* o/ cr7on 6ono5-*e n* +8*ro"en. T+e "9 -9 t+en 7,rnt to pro*,ce e:ectr-c-t8 n* 9te6. An :ternt-?e to  p8ro:89-9 -9 +-"+ te6pert,re n* pre99,re 9,percr-t-c: ;ter *eco6po9-t-on (+8*rot+er6: 6onop+9-c o5-*t-on). Re9o,rce reco?er8 Re9o,rce reco?er8 (9 oppo9e* to ;9te 6n"e6ent) ,9e9 !CA (:-/e c8c:e n:89-9) tte6pt9 to o//er :ternt-?e9 to ;9te 6n"e6ent. @or 6-5e* MS> (M,n-c-p: So:-* >9te)  n,67er o/  7ro* 9t,*-e9 +?e -n*-cte* t+t *6-n-9trt-on1 9o,rce 9eprt-on n* co::ect-on /o::o;e* 78 re,9e n* rec8c:-n" o/ t+e nonor"n-c /rct-on n* ener"8 n* co6po9t/ert-:-Ler pro*,ct-on o/ t+e or"n-c 6ter-: ?- nero7-c *-"e9t-on to 7e t+e /?o,re* pt+. A?o-*nce n* re*,ct-on 6et+o*9 An -6portnt 6et+o* o/ ;9te 6n"e6ent -9 t+e pre?ent-on o/ ;9te 6ter-: 7e-n" crete*1 :9o 9te +n*:-n" n* trn9port >9te co::ect-on 6et+o*9 ?r8 ;-*e:8 6on" *-//erent co,ntr-e9 n* re"-on9. Do6e9t-c ;9te co::ect-on 9er?-ce9 re o/ten pro?-*e* 78 :oc: "o?ern6ent ,t+or-t-e91 or 78 pr-?te co6pn-e9 -n t+e -n*,9tr8. So6e re91 e9pec-::8 t+o9e -n :e99 *e?e:ope* co,ntr-e91 *o not +?e  /or6: ;9teco::ect-on 989te6. E56p:e9 o/ ;9te +n*:-n" 989te69 -nc:,*e#

13

n E,rope n*  /e; ot+er p:ce9 ro,n* t+e ;or:*1  /e; co66,n-t-e9 ,9e  propr-etr8 co::ect-on 989te6 9te co::ecte* -9 t+en trn9porte* to  re"-on: :n*/-::. n C+-n1 P:9t-c p8ro:89-9 or T-re p8ro:89-9 -9# t+e proce99 o/ con?ert-n" ;9te p:9t-ct-re9 -nto -n*,9tr-: /,e:9 :-9te ;-:: on:8 7e co::ecte* 78 t+e c-t8 co,nc-: -/ ;9te -9 *-9po9e* -n "o?ern6ent -99,e* r,77-9+ 7"9. T+-9 po:-c8 +9 9,cce99/,::8 re*,ce* t+e 6o,nt o/ ;9te t+e c-t8 pro*,ce9 n* -ncre9e* t+e rec8c:-n" rte. n 9re:1 t+e Arro; Eco:o"8 co6pn8 +9 *e?e:ope* t+e Arro;B-o 989te61 ;+-c+ t
14

"r?-tt-on: 9ett:-n"1 9creen-n"1 n* +8*ro6ec+n-c: 9+re**-n". T+e 989te6 -9 cp7:e o/ 9ort-n" +,"e ?o:,6e9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te1 9:?"-n" rec8c:7:e91 n* t,rn-n" t+e re9t -nto 7-o"9 n* r-c+ "r-c,:t,r: co6po9t. T+e 989te6 -9 ,9e* -n C:-/orn-1 A,9tr:-1 Greece1 Me5-co1 t+e n-te* K-n"*o6 n* -n 9re:. @or e56p:e1 n Arro;B-o p:nt t+t +9 7een opert-on: t t+e H-r-8 :n*/-:: 9-te 9-nce Dece67er '%% 9er?e9 t+e Te: A?-? re1 n* proce99e9 ,p to $% ton9 o/ "r7"e  *8. n S,*- Ar7- t+ere -9 t+e ;or:*’9 :r"e9t A>CS no; 7e-n" 7,-:t -n t+e ?-c-n-t8 o/ 9:6’9 +o:-e9t 6o9,e (Mecc). D,r-n" t+e R6*n n* Hjj 4%%1%%% <-:o91 or &1%% c,7-c 6eter91 o/ ;9te -9 "enerte* ec+ *81 ;+-c+ p,t9  +e?8 *e6n* on t+o9e re9pon9-7:e /or co::ect-n" t+e ;9te n* :-tter. n t+e MetroT-/,n A,to6t-c >9te Co::ect-on S89te61 t+e ;9te -9 ,to6t-c::8 co::ecte* /ro6 3& ;9te /ee*-n" po-nt9 9pre* o,t cro99 t+e re n* t+en trn9/erre* ?-  '%<-:o6etre p-pe net;or< to  ce ntr: co::ect-on po-nt1 9te

15

Pro"r6 +9 :e* t+e C-t8 to c+-e?e F% *-?er9-on1 t+e +-"+e9t *-?er9-on rte -n Nort+ A6er-c. $Q >+-:e ;9te trn9port ;-t+-n  "-?en co,ntr8 /::9 ,n*er nt-on: re",:t-on91 trn97o,n*r8 6o?e6ent o/ ;9te -9 o/ten 9,7ject to -nternt-on: tret-e9. A 6jor concern to 6n8 co,ntr-e9 -n t+e ;or:* +9 7een +Lr*o,9 ;9te. T+e B9e: Con?ent-on1 rt-/-e* 78 $3' co,ntr-e91 *eprecte9 6o?e6ent o/ +Lr*o,9 ;9te /ro6 *e?e:ope* to :e99 *e?e:ope* co,ntr-e9. T+e  pro?-9-on9 o/ t+e B9e: con?ent-on +?e 7een -nte"rte* -nto t+e E ;9te 9+-p6ent re",:t-on.  N,c:er ;9te1 :t+o,"+ con9-*ere* +Lr*o,91 *oe9 not /:: ,n*er t+e j,r-9*-ct-on o/ t+e B9e: Con?ent-on. Tec+no:o"-e9 Tr*-t-on::8 t+e ;9te 6n"e6ent -n*,9tr8 +9 7een 9:o; to *opt ne; tec+no:o"-e9 9,c+ 9 R@D(R*-o @re,enc8 *ent-/-ct-on) t"91 GPS n* -nte"rte* 9o/t;re pc<"e9 ;+-c+ en7:e 7etter ,:-t8 *t to 7e co::ecte* ;-t+o,t t+e ,9e o/ e9t-6t-on or 6n,: * t entr8. Tec+no:o"-e9 :-9te 6n"e6ent concept9

16

T+ere re  n,67er o/ concept9 7o,t ;9te 6n"e6ent ;+-c+ ?r8 -n t+e-r ,9"e 7et;een co,ntr-e9 or re"-on9. So6e o/ t+e 6o9t "ener:1 ;-*e:8 ,9e* concept9 -nc:,*e# >9te +-errc+8  T+e ;9te +-errc+8 re/er9 to t+e  R9 re*,ce1 re,9e n* rec8c:e1 ;+-c+ c:99-/8 ;9te 6n"e6ent 9trte"-e9 ccor*-n" to t+e-r *e9-r7-:-t8 -n ter69 o/ ;9te 6-n-6-Lt-on. T+e ;9te +-errc+8 re6-n9 t+e corner9tone o/ 6o9t ;9te 6-n-6-Lt-on 9trte"-e9. T+e -6 o/ t+e ;9te +-errc+8 -9 to e5trct t+e 65-6,6 prct-c: 7ene/-t9 /ro6  pro*,ct9 n* to "enerte t+e 6-n-6,6 6o,nt o/ ;9te 9ee# re9o,rce reco?er8. Po::,ter p89 pr-nc-p:e  t+e Po::,ter P89 Pr-nc-p:e -9  pr-nc-p:e ;+ere t+e po::,t-n" prt8 p89 /or t+e -6pct c,9e* to t+e en?-ron6ent. >-t+ re9pect to ;9te 6n"e6ent1 t+-9 "ener::8 re/er9 to t+e re,-re6ent /or  ;9te "enertor to p8 /or ppropr-te *-9po9: o/ t+e ,nreco?er7:e 6ter-:. T+e 9o:-* ;9te -n :: 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 -9 r-9-n" -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on. S,c+ r-9e -n 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 o79er?e* -n Br-+n6,67-1 T+ne1 M-rB+8n*r1 K:8n Do67-?:-1 :+9n"r1 N?-M,67- n* B+-;n*N-L6p,r M,n-c-p: Corport-on. An -ncre9e -n 9o:-* ;9te -9 o79er?e* 7ec,9e o/ -ncre9e -n ,r7n-Lt-on1 pop,:t-on *en9-t8 n* -nco6e1 c+n"-n" /oo* +7-t91 t9te n* pttern. T+e "ro;t+ o/ -n*,9tr81 co66erc-: ,n-t9 9,c+ 9 +ote:91 t+eter91 re9t,rnt91 6::9 re r-9-n" /9t. S,c+ ,n-t9 re po9-t-?e:8 contr-7,t-n" to t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on. So:-* ;9te co::ect-on1 9e"re"t-on n* *-9po9: cpc-t8 o/ M,n-c-p: Corport-on9 -9 :o; n* -n*e,te ;-t+ r-9-n" 9o:-* ;9te. T+ere/ore 6,n-c-p: co rport-on9 6,9t *opt 9c-ent-/-c 6et+o*9 /or co::ect-on1 9e"re"t-on n* *-9po9: o/ 9o:-* ;9te. M,n-c-p: corport-on9 6,9t cco66o*te pr-?te 9ector /or -n?e9t6ent n* 6n"e6ent o/ 9o:-* ;9te. r"ent 9tep9 -n t+-9 *-rect-on ;-:: re*,ce t+e ;ter1 -r1 9o-: po::,t-on9 n* +e:t+ +Lr*9. t ;-:: -6pro?e t+e ,:-t8 :-/e o/ peop:e -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on.

17

'.ntro*,ct-on So:-* ;9te -9 n -nte"r: prt o/ 6o*ern 9oc-et8. H,6n ct-?-t-e9 crete 9o:-* ;9te n* -t re,-re* to 9tore1 co::ect n* *-9po9e. / -t -9 not proper:8 6n"e* t+en -t c,9e9 r-9< to en?-ron6ent n* p,7:-c +e:t+. M,n-c-p: 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -9  6jor re9pon9-7-:-t8 o/  :oc: "o?ern6ent (Sc+,7e:er P.$4). n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on1 ,r7n-Lt-on1 pop,:t-on1 -n*,9tr-:1 co66erc-: ,n-t "ro;t+ -9 +-"+er. M,67- -9  /-nnc-: cp-t: o/ co ,ntr8. T+ere/ore 6o9t o/ t+e /-nnc-: -n9t-t,t-on91 corporte +e* ,rter9 o/ n,67er o/ n*-n co6pn-e9 n* MNC’9 re :octe* -n c-t8. T+e "ro;t+ o/ 9er?-ce9 9ector 9,c+ 9 /-nnce1 T1 te:eco61 to,r-961 entert-n6ent1 *?ert-9-n"1 co66,n-ct-on -9 +-"+er -n re"-on. Ser?-ce9 9ector pro?-*e9 enor6o,9 e6p:o86ent opport,n-t-e9 to peop:e. T+ere/ore t+ere -9 cont-n,o,9 6-"rt-on /ro6 r,r: to M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on. S<-::e* n* ,n9<-::e* 6-"rnt9 *o not /-n* e6p:o86ent  pro7:e6 -n re"-on. T+e8 e9-:8 *opt ;-t+ e6p:o86ent opport,n-t-e9 n* +o,9-n". Metropo:-tn re"-on +9 "oo* connect-?-t8 o/ r-:;8 n* ro*9. B,t r-9-n" pop,:t-on -9 p,tt-n" pre99,re on e5-9t-n" 6en-t-e9 -n M,67- n* 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 o/ T+ne *-9tr-ct. S,c+ -n*e,te c-?-c 6en-t-e9 9,c+ 9 ;ter 9,pp:81 +o,9-n"1 trn9portt-on1 +e:t+ cre1 9o:-* ;9te1 9n-tt-on -9 //ect-n" on ,:-t8 o/ :-/e. t +9 re9,:te* -n to tr//-c1 -::e": 9:,691 *-9e9e9 n* po::,t-on etc. S-6-:r:8 -nco6e o/ peop:e1 /oo* +7-t91 t9te n* pttern -9 c+n"-n" /9t. So:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent re,-re* ,n-t n* ;r* ;-9e co::ect-on1 9e"re"t-on1 9tor"e1 *-9po97:e 989te6 n* 9c-ent-/-c p:nn-n". @or co::ect-on o/ 9o:-* ;9te1 ;or
;9te co::ect-on -9 o/ten non e5-9tent e-t+er 7ec,9e t+e 9ett:e6ent9 re -n/or6:1 ,np:nne* n*  po99-7:8 ,n,t+or-Le* or 7ec,9e t+e 9trte"-e9 n* tec+no:o"-e9 *opte* /or 9er?-ce pro?-9-on re -nppropr-te /or opert-n" -n 9ett:e6ent9 ;-t+ nrro; n* ,np:nne* 9treet9 n* :ne9 (+, D. et.: '%%F). M,n-c-p: corport-on9 *o not +?e *e,te *,6p-n" "ro,n*9 /or 9o:-* ;9te *-9po9:. A:: t+e9e /ctor9 :e* to :o;er co?er"e o/ 9o:-* ;9te -n 6,n-c-p: corport-on9. T+e 9o:-* ;9te -9 t+ro;n t ro*91 9treet91 co66on "ro,n*9 etc. t :e*9 to 9o-:1 ;ter n* -r   po::,t-on n* +e:t+ +Lr*9. D,r-n" 6on9oon1 -t 7:oc<9 t+e r-n ;ter /:o;9 n* :e*9 to ;ter  :o""-n" n* /:oo*9. t :9o c,9e9 6o9,-toe9 7ree*-n" n* 6:r- -n re"-on. He:t+ o/ t+e *,:t9 n* c+-:*ren "et9 //ect *,e to ;ter 7orne n* ;9te re:te* *-9e9e9. T+e *-rect n* -n*-rect co9t o/ ?-9-t-n" +e:t+ cre /c-:-t-e9 -9 ?er8 +-"+. He:t+ /c-:-t-e9 re o?ercro;*e* n* ?-9-t-n" to *octor1 9tn*-n" -n ,e,e n* repete* ?-9-t9 re ?er8 e5pen9-?e /or t+e po or  +o,9e+o:*9. >ter n* ;9te 7orne -n9ect9 e9-:8 6o?e /ro6 one corport-on re to not+er  re. T+ere/ore ec+ 6,n-c-p: corport-on +9 t+e re9pon9-7-:-t8 to 6n"e t+e 9o:-* ;9te -n t+e-r re. So:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -n?o:?e9 6n"-n" ct-?-t-e9 99oc-te* ;-t+ "enert-on 1 9tor"e1 co::ect-on1 trn9/er n* trn9port1 proce99-n" n *-9po9: o/ 9o:-* ;9te9 -n n en?-ron6ent::8 co6pt-7:e 6nner ;-t+ *,e con9-*ert-on9 o/ t+e pr-nc-p:e9 o/ econo681 e9t+et-c9 ener"8 n* con9er?t-on (E*e:6n D.J.$3). C:en en?-ron6ent -ncre9e9 t+e econo6-c pro*,ct-?-t8 o/ +,6n 7e-n"9 n* t+e8 re6-n +e:t+8 /or :on" per-o* o/ t-6e. @-r9t 9ect-on o/ t+-9 pper e5p:-n9 7o,t t+e *t n* 6et+o*o:o"8. Secon* 9ect-on *e:9 ;-t+ tot: 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* ;-t+ *-//erent t8pe -n ec+ 6,n-c-p: corport-on. T+-r* 9ect-on e5p:-n9 7o,t t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* t-:: '%$ -n M,67-1 T+ne1 K:8nDo67-?:-1 B+-;n*-  N-L6p,r1 M-rB+8n*r1 :+9n"r n* N?-M,67- M,n-c-p: Corport-on. Secon* :9t 9ect-on o/ t+e pper *e:9 ;-t+ or*-nr8 :e9t 9,re re"re99-on re9,:t9. !9t 9ect-on *e:9 ;-t+

19

 po:-c8 -6p:-ct-on n* conc:,9-on

M,67- c-t81 :-e +?e e9t-6te* t+-9 -n/r9tr,ct,re "p 9 7o,t R9. '%14%% Crore. T8p-c::81 c-t-e9 o/ t+e 9-Le n* 9-"n-/-cnce o/ M,67- (9,c+ 9 Jo 7,r"1 Me5-co C-t8 n* ‟

S+n"+-1 A+6e*7*1 C+enn-) +?e e9t7:-9+e* re:t-on9+-p9 ;-t+ *e7t 6r
20

9,79tnt-: -n?e9t-7:e re9o,rce9 (R9. $%1%%% Crore)/or /-nnc-n" -t9 -66e*-te -n?e9t6ent nee*91 not7:8 t+e MSDP n* ;ter 9,pp:8 -6pro?e6ent9 (R9. 4%%% Crore) T+-9 -9 t+e 7,9-ne99 9 ,9,: 9cenr-o. n t+-9 9,76-99-on1 ;e ,9e t+e ?-:7:e -n?e9t6ent p:n9 to project t+e /-nnc-n" re,-re6ent9 n* 6tc+ t+e6 ;-t+ ?-:7:e re9o,rce9. Ho;e?er1 -/ M,67- nee*9 to p,t -n -n?e9t6ent9 ;+-c+ **re99 6jor *e/-c-t9 -n  9,9t-n7:e /9+-on1 78 re*,c-n" *epen*ence on "rnt9 n* :e?er"-n" -t9 re9o,rce91 M,67- ;o,:* re,-re  6e*-,6 ter6 cp-t: -n?e9t6ent pro"r6 ;-t+  6en9 o/ /-nnce 7,-:t -n. T+-9 6e*-,6 ter6 9trte"-c opt-on -9 t+e 9,7ject o/ t+e ne5t 9,76-99-on. T+e o7ject-?e9 o/ BMC t+ro,"+ t+-9 Project -nc:,*e#

U -6pro?e t+e e//-c-enc8 o/ S>M co::ect-on n* trn9portt-on 989te6 -n t+e c-t8 o/ M,67-V U -ntro*,ce 9c-ent-/-c tret6ent n* *-9po9: o/ t+e S>MV U -n9t-t,te  trn9ct-on 9tr,ct,re t+t 99,re9 9,9t-n7-:-t8 o/ t+-9 project n* 9-6-:r /,t,re PPP project9V n* U co6p:8 ;-t+ t+e MS> R,:e9. Dt n* Met+o*o:o"8# Dt /or t+-9 9t,*8 -9 co::ecte* /ro6 t+e cen9,9 '%%$ n* '%$$. T+e9e cen9,9 /-",re9 re  pro?-*-n" t+e pop,:t-on n* n,67er o/ +7-tt-on9. S-6-:r:81 cen9,9 :9o pro?-*e9 t+e n,67er  o/ ,n-t9 o/ +o9p-t:91 9c+oo:9 n* co::e"e91 co66erc-: ,n-t9 o/ Greter M,67-1 T+n e1 N?- M,67-1 :+9n"r1 M-rB+8n*r1 B+-;n*-N-L6p,r M,n-c-p: Corport-on. >e +?e re/erre* t+e c-t8 *e?e:op6ent n* c,rrent en?-ron6ent 9tt,9 report9 o/ ec+ 6,n-c-p: corport-on. >e +?e :9o re/eree* t+e 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent 989te6 o/ P,ne1 De:+- n* 21

Ko:<t. >e +?e ,9e* t+e or*-nr8 :e9t 9,re re"re99-on 6o*e: to e56-ne t+e /ctor9 corre:te* to 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent. >e ,9e* t+e 9-6p:e /orec9t-n" 6et+o* to e9t-6te t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on t-:: '%$ -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on. So:-* ;9te# An o?er?-e; So:-* ;9te -9 7ro*:8 *e/-ne* 9 -nc:,*-n" non+Lr*o,9 -n*,9tr-:1 co66erc-: ,n-t n* *o6e9t-c re/,9e -nc:,*-n" +o,9e+o:* or"n-c tr9+1 9treet 9;eep-n"91 +o9p-t:9 n* -n9t-t,t-on: "r7"e n* con9tr,ct-on ;9te (er7oc< O:r n* M.S. Cn*-*te '%%). n ot+er  ;or*91 >9te -9 ,n;nte* /or t+e per9on ;+o * -9cr*9 -t=. A pro*,ct or 6ter-: t+t *oe9 not +?e  ?:,e n86ore /or t+e ,9er n* t+ere/ore -t -9 t+ro;n ;8. B,t ‘,n;nte*’ -9  9,7ject-?e concept. T+e ;9te co,:* +?e ?:,e /or not+er per9on -n *-//erent c-rc,69tnce9. Do6e9t-c ;9te "enerte* *,r-n" /oo* preprt-on ?c,,6 c:en-n"1 "r*en-n"1 o:* c:ot+-n"1 /:oor  co?er-n" n* o:* /,rn-t,re1 7ott:e91 p:9t-c 7"9 etc. Co 66erc-: ;9te pro*,ce* 78 9+op91 o//-ce9. T+e ;9te "enerte* 78 +ote:91 re9t,rnt91 +o9p-t:91 :9o -nc:,*e9 -n t+-9 cte"or8. Hote:9 n* re9t,rnt9 "enerte ;9te *,r-n" /oo* preprt-on1 7ott:e91 p:9t-c etc. Ho9p-t:9 ;9te co6pr-9e9 9 6e*-c-ne91 7ott:e91 -nject-on91 pper9 etc. Street c:en-n" ;9te con9-9t o/   pper1 p:9t-c 7ott:e91 7"91 96:: 9tone91 *,9t n* *e7r-9 /::en /ro6 p99-n" tr,c<9. n*,9tr-: ;9te -nc:,*e9 con9tr,ct-on ;9te n* :: ,n9:7:e /ctor8 ;9te. T+e 6ter-: o/ 6et: p:9t-c ;oo* or cr*7or*1 te5t-:e or ot+er 6ter-:91 9o6e -n*,9tr-: ;9te -9 +-"+:8 to5-c. T+e 6jor  con9t-t,ent9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te re *o6e9t-c n* co66erc-: ;9te1 pper n* /er6ent7:e or"n-c 6tter. So:-* ;9te -9 ?-9-7:e n* po:-t-c::8 9en9-t-?e -99,e. n*e,c-e9 -n t+e 9er?-ce cn +?e 9e?ere -6p:-ct-on9 /or t+e cre*-7-:-t8 o/ M,n-c-p: Corport-on n* co,nc-:. Proper 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -9 -6portnt /or p,7:-c +e:t+1 en?-ron6ent1 econo6-c n* po:-t-c: re9on9. 6proper ;9te 6n"e6ent cn +?e ne"t-?e e//ect9 on p,7:-c +e:t+1 en?-ron6ent n* nt,r:

22

9er?-ce9. T+ere/ore -nte"rte* 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -9 *e6n*e* cro99 t+e ;or:*. So:-* ;9te -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on# So:-* ;9te "enerte* -n *-//erent M,n-c-p: Corport-on -9 *-//erent. n  6,n-c-p: corport-on1 t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on *epen*9 on t+e pop,:t-on1 -n*,9tr-: ,n-t91 9+op91 co66erc-: ,n-t9 etc. / t+e pop,:t-on -9 "ro;-n" t+en t+e9e ,n-t9 re :9o "ro;-n". t :e*9 to 6ore 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -n 6,n-c-p: corport-on re. >e +?e c:c,:te* t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* -n c,rrent 8er. T+e 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- M,n-c-p: Corport-on -9 FF3 Metr-c Tone9 per *8. D,e to +-"+er *en9-t8 o/ pop,:t-on1 co66erc-: ,n-t9’ 9+op91 t+eter9 n* -n*,9tr-: ,n-t91 t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* -9 +-"+er. t -9 4 percent o/ t+e tot: 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* -n M,676etropo:-tn re"-on. n T+ne M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 on:8 $%4$.& Metr-c Tone9. t -9 3.F' percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te. B,t -t -9 9t-:: +-"+er 9 co6pre to M,n-c-p: Corport-on -n T+ne *-9tr-ct. n T+ne c-t81 pop ,:t-on -9 r-9-n" /9t. Ser?-ce9 9ector "ro;t+ -9 +-"+erV t+ere/ore t+e n,67er9 o/ ,n-t re r-9-n". n K:8nDo67-?:-1 t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -n ec+ *8 -9 4. Metr-c Tone9. t -9 3.$ percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67Metropo:-tn Re"-on. n :+9n"r M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 &4.& Metr-c Tone9. t -9 &.% percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on. t -9 t+e on:8 M,n-c-p: Corport-on ;+ere :o;e9t 9o:-* ;9te -9 "enerte*. T+e re9on -9 t+t -t -9  96:: M,n-c-p: Corport-on -n ter69 o/ pop,:t-on n* :: o t+er ,n-t9. n N?-M,67- M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* -9 .4' Metr-c Tone9. t -9 3 .%3 percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te.  N?-M,67- -9  6o*ern n* p:nne* c-t8. T+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 r-9-n" /9t *,e to +-"+ -nco6e1 pop,:t-on1 n* n,67er o/ co66erc-: ,n-t9. So:-* ;9te "enert-on -n M-rB+8n*r  -9 4$'.'4 Metr-c Tone9. t -9 &.$ percent o/ t+e tot: 9o:-* ;9te. n B+-;n*-N-L6p,r 

23

M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 F.%' Metr-c Tone9. Tot: 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* -n M,67- 6etropo:-tn re"-on -9 $4.F Metr-c Tone9. T8pe o/ 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* -n M,67- c-t8# So:-* ;9te -9 not on:8 "enerte* 78 t+e +o,9e+o:*9 7,t -t -9 "enerte* 78 t+e co66erc-: ,n-t91 +ote:9 n* ;e:/re n* recret-on ,n-t9 -n c-t8. S,c+ ,n-t9 re re",:r:8 ?-9-te* 78 t+e peop:e o/ 96e n* ot+er 6,n-c-p: corport-on re. T+ere/ore 9o:-* ;9te -9  co67-nt-on o/ :: t+e t8pe9 o/ ,n-t9 -n corport-on re. So:-* ;9te "enert-on 78 +o,9e+o:*9 -n M,67- c-t8 -9 4$ Metr-c Tone9. t -9 4.&  percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- c-t8. t -9 on:8 7ec,9e o/ *en9-t8 o/ pop,:t-on ;+-c+ crete9 6ore 9o:-* ;9te -n c-t8. T+e 9:,69 re "en ert-n" 9o:-* ;9te -n c-t81 -t -9 $&' Metr-c Tone9. !r"e n* 96:: -n*,9tr-e9 re :9o "enert-n" $ Metr-c Tone9 9o:-* ;9te 7,t -t -9 $.  percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te. S+op9 n* 6::9 contr-7,te $'$$ Metr-c Tone9. t -9 $.3% percent o/  tot: 9o:-* ;9te. Mn8 peop:e ?-9-t e?er8 *8 to 9+op9 n* 6::9 -n c-t8. Hote:9 re contr-7,t-n"  Metr-c Tone9 ;9te9 -n c-t8. Peop:e o/ c-t8 n* o,t9-*e o/ c-t8 re",:r:8 et /oo* -n +ote:9. D,r-n" /oo* preprt-on n* 9er?-ce1 65-6,6 9o:-* ;9te -9 " enerte* -n c-t8. Ho9p-t:9 contr-7,te F Metr-c Tone9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te. @e; 7-" +o9p-t:9 re :octe* -n c-t8. Pt-ent9 /ro6 :: 9tte9 re",:r:8 ?-9-t to +o9p-t:9 -n c-t8. T+ere/ore e?er8*8 *,r-n" tret6ent n* pre9cr-pt-on9 o/ 6e*-c-ne91 65-6,6 9o:-* ;9te -9 "enerte* -n c-t8. >e:/rerecret-on n* /-re 9tt-on9 crete $.3$ percent o/ 9o:-* ;9te -n c-t8. Mn8 peop:e ?-9-t to ;e:/re n* recret-on center9 *,r-n" /e9t-?:91 +o:-*89 etc. T+ere/ore t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -9 +-"+er. T+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* -9 /,rt+er c:99-/-e* ccor*-n" to ?r-o,9 co6ponent9.

So:-* ;9te -n 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 o/ T+ne *-9tr-ct#

24

So:-* ;9te "enerte* -n :: t+e M,n-c-p: Corport-on o / T+ne *-9tr-ct -9 not ,n-/or6 t8pe9. T+e *en9-t8 o/ pop,:t-on1 co66erc-: ,n-t91 9+op91 96:: n* :r"e -n*,9tr-e91 9c+oo: n* co::e"e9 n* +ote:9 n* re9t,rnt9 re *-//erent. So6e 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 re o:* 7,t 9o6e re ne; n* t+e8 re -n *e?e:op-n" p+9e. T+ere/ore -t -9 *-//-c,:t to co6pre t+e6 ;-t+ ec+ ot+er 7,t -t -9 -6portnt to e9t-6te t+e-r 9o:-* ;9te 78 *-//erent t8pe9 o/ ,n-t9. n T+ne M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 pop,:t-on contr-7,te9 33& .43 Metr-c Tone9 o/ 9o:-* ;9te. t -9 3 percent o/ t+e tot: 9o:-* ;9te. t -9 +-"+e9t 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on 9 co6pre to ot+er  6,n-c-p: corport-on9 o/ T+ne *-9tr-ct. n :+9n"r M,n-c-p: Corport-on1 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 pop,:t-on -9 on:8 '4%.& 6etr-c tone9. :+9n"r c-t8 +9 6n8 6n,/ct,r-n" ,n-t9. T+ere/ore t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 po p,:t-on -9 :o;. T+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 t+e :r"e n* 96:: -n*,9tr8 -9 $4.&3 6etr-c tone9V -t -9 %.'F percent n* +-"+e9t 6on" :: ot+er  6,n-c-p: corport-on9 -n T+ne *-9tr-ct. T+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 -n*,9tr8 -n T+ne 6,n-c-p: corport-on re -9 on:8 FF.%F 6etr-c tone9. t -9 on:8 F.% percent n* :o;e9t 9 co6pre to ot+er 6,n-c-p: corport-on. Tot: 9o:-* ;9te 78 -n*,9tr8 -n T+ne -9 *ec:-n-n"  7ec,9e -n*,9tr-e9 re e-t+er 9+-/t-n" or t+e8 re "ett-n" c:o9e. D,e to pre99,re o/ ,r7n-Lt-on 6n8 -n*,9tr-: re9 re con?erte* -nto re9-*ent-: re9. So:-* ;9te 78 9+op9 -n M-r B+8n*r -9 $$.44 6etr-c tone9. t -9 +-"+e9t 9 co6pre to :: ot+er 6,n-c-p: corport-on -n T+ne *-9tr-ct. n N?- M,67-1 -t -9 on:8 4. Metr-c Tone9. t -9 :o;er (%.3 percent) 7ec,9e o/ :o;er *en9-t8 o/ 9+op9. So:-* ;9te "enerte* 7 8 t+e +ote:9 -n :+9n"r M,n-c-p: Corport-on -9 .& percent. t -9 +-"+e9t 7ec,9e 6n8 7-" n* 96:: +ote:9 e5-9t n* t+e8 re t+e nee* o/ 6n,/ct,r-n" n* -n*,9tr-: re. n N?- M,67-1 +ote:9 re "enert-n" on:8 '.34  percent o/ tot: 9o:-* ;9te. T+e 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 t+e re9t,rnt -9 +-"+er -n :+9n"r  M,n-c-p: Corport-on (&.4 percent). T+e :o;e9t 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 78 t+e re9t,rnt -9

25

/o,n* -n t+e T+ne 6,n-c-p: corport-on re ('.%4 percent). Re9t,rnt9 re :octe* -n /e;  pocor9te

26

co::ect-on -9 *one t+ro,"+ co66,n-t8 7-n9 n* +o,9e to +o,9e co::ect-on. T+ere re /e; +o,9e+o:*9 co?ere* ,n*er t+e ;9te co::ect-on 989te6. K,tc+ 9:,69 re -"nore* -n 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent 989te6. So6e 9:,69 re -::e": n* t+e8 re :octe* t +-::9 or ner r-:;8 :-ne1  p-pe:-ne etc. T+e 9o:-* ;9te co::ect-on /ro6 co66,n-t8 7-n9 -9 crr-e* 7o,t -n t+ree 9+-/t9 n* trn9porte* e-t+er to t+e t+ree trn9/er 9tt-on9 or *-rect:8 to t+e *-9po9e* po-nt9. So:-* ;9te -9 co::ecte* /ro6 t+e 6-n ro*9 n* co::ect-on po-nt91 ;+ere 9 t+e -n9-*e re -9 co6p:ete:8 ?o-*e* -n 9o:-* ;9te co::ect-on 989te6. T+e *-:8 c o::ect-on n* trn9portt-on -9 *one t+ro,"+ n ?er"e n,67er o/ 7o,t $%%% to $& tr-p9. D,r-n" t+e 6on9oon1 n,67er o/ tr-p9 7eco6e9 :e99 *,e r-n n* ,np:nne* *,6p-n" "ro,n*9. So:-* ;9te -9 o79er?e* :8-n" -n ?r-o,9 ;r*9 -n c-t8. t -9  re9pon9-7-:-t8 o/ t+e MCGM to pro?-*e 6,n-c-p: 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent 9er?-ce9. Ho;e?er1 t+e MCGM -9 not 7:e to +n*:e t+e -ncre9-n" ,nt-t8 o/ ;9te. A9  re9,:t1 ;9te :-tter9 :: o?er t+e p:ce "-?-n" r-9e to +e:t+ n* en?-ron6ent: pro7:e69. (Rt+- Sr-< '%%3). T+ne M,n-c-p: Corport-on (TMC) pro?-*e9 *oor to *oo r co::ect-on -n 9o6e prt9 o/  c-t8. >9te -9 co::ecte* /ro6 co66on po-nt9 n* 6r
27

"ett-n" con?erte* -n to re9-*ent-: re. nte"rte* 9o:-* ;9te co::ect-on n* *-9po9: -9 -n*e,te -n T+ne c-t8. n :+9n"r c-t81 9o:-* ;9te "enerte* 9 <-tc+en ;9te1 pper91  p:9t-c91 ":991 6et:91 r,77er etc. Co66erc-: ,n-t9 n* 6r
28

' +ector +9 7een :octe* /or  ne; :n* /-:: 9-te n* ?er6- co6po9-t-on +9 7een propo9e* -n t+e proce99-n" o/ ;9te (NB '%%F). So:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -n B+-;n*-N-L6p,r M,n-c-p: Corport-on -9 -n*e,te n* -t +9 poor co?er"e. @e; +o,9e+o:*91 -n*,9tr-: ,n-t91 co66erc-: ,n-t91 +ote:9 n* re9t,rnt9 re co?ere* ,n*er ;9te 6n"e6ent 989te6. n t+e c-t81 6o9t o/ t+e 6n,/ct,r-n" ,n-t9 re o/ te5t-:e n* "r6ent t8pe9 7,t ;9te co::ect-on 989te6 +9 not co?ere* t+e9e ,n-t9. E?er8*8 ;9te -9 not co::ecte* /ro6 t+e9e ,n-t9 n* ;9te -9 :8-n" on t+e ro* n* co66on  p:ce9. >9te co::ect-on n* trn9portt-on -9 "-?en to pr-?te contrctor. B+-;n*-N-L6p,r  M,n-c-p: Corport-on -9 not 7:e to ,9e t+e :n* ::otte* 78 9tte "o?ern6ent t Dpo*e. t -9  7ec,9e o/ oppo9-t-on /ro6 :oc: ?-::"e9. M,n-c-p: corport-on c:-69 o/ F percent +o,9e+o:*9 re co?ere* ,n*er 9o:-* ;9te co::ect-on. B,t +-::8 n* +-"+:8 *en9e  re9 re -"nore*. At pre9ent1 /e; r" p-c
29

6etropo:-tn re"-on t+en ec+ 6,n-c-p: corport-on +9 *e/-c-enc8 -n ter69 o/ ;orHO $3$). S,c+ 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on ;-:: -ncre9e ;-t+ -ncre9e -n ?r-o,9 co6ponent9 -n -t. E9t-6t-on o/ 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on >e +?e e9t-6te* t+e 9o:-* ;9te -n :: t+e 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 -n M,67Metropo:-tn Re"-on. T+e 9o:-* ;9te /or t+e Br-+n6,67- 6,n-c-p: corport-on -9 e9t-6te* 9eprte:8. T+-9 -9 6-n:8 7ec,9e t+-9 6,n-c-p: corport-on -9 o:* n* -t +9 +-"+ 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on cpc-t8 9 co6pre to ot+er 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 -n M,67- Metropo:-tn Re"-on. M,n-c-p: Corport-on o/ T+ne1 K:8nDo67-?:-1 B+-;n*-N-L6p,r1 N?- M,67-1 :+9n"r n* M-rB+8n*r re co6prt-?e:8 96::. >e +?e e9t-6te* t+e 9o:-* ;9te t-:: '%$ /or :: 6,n-c-p: corport-on9. Genert-on o/ 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- c-t8 (MT) At pre9ent1 9o:-* ;9te -n Br-+n6,67- M,n-c-p: Corport-on -9 e9t-6te* 9 FF3 Metr-c Tone9. T+e 9o:-* ;9te -n M,67- c-t8 -9 -ncre9-n" 7ec,9e o/ "ro;t+ o/ pop,:t-on1 +e:t+ /c-:-t-e91 co66erc-: ,n-t91 -n9t-t,t-on91 ;e:/re center9 etc. M,n-c-p: 9o:-* ;9te ;-:: 7e $%%%% Metr-c Tone9 -n '%'%. A/ter '%$1 -t ;-:: to,c+ $'%%% Metr-c Tone9 e?er8 *8. t ;-:: 7e  6o*erte c+n"e -n t+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -n c-t8. T+ere/ore M,n-c-p: Corport-on 6,9t *e?e:op cpc-t8 to +n*:e 9,c+ -ncre9-n" 9o:-* ;9te ;-t+ c+n"-n" t-6e. S,c+ 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on re,-re9 p:nn-n" /or co::ect-on /ro6 +o,9e+o:* :e?e:1 9treet91 crr8-n" cpc-t81 9e"re"t-on1 *,6p-n" n* proce99 o/ 9o:-* ;9te. >e +?e :9o e9t-6te* t+e 9o:-* ;9te o/ 

30

6,n-c-p: corport-on9 o/ T+ne *-9tr-ct. Pop,:t-on -n t+e 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 o/ T+ne *-9tr-ct -9 cont-n,o,9:8 r-9-n". t /,rt+er :e*9 to t+e r-9e -n t+e e*,ct-on: n* +e:t+ -n9t-t,t-on91 9+op9 n* co66erc-: ,n-t9 etc. D,e to cont-n,o,9 r-9e -n t+e re: e9tte pr-ce9 -n M,67- c-t81  pop,:t-on -9 :9o 9+-/t-n" -n 9,7,r79 n* -n T+ne *-9tr-ct. More trn9port /c-:-t-e9 n* *e?e:op-n" -n/r9tr,ct,re -n t+e 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 +e:p peop:e to 6o?e -n 9,7,r79 n* ne-"+7or-n" re9. M,n-c-p: corport-on9 -n T+ne *-9tr-ct re not "ro;-n" e,::8 -n ter69 o/   pop,:t-on n* -n9t-t,t-on9. t -9 *epen*-n" on t+e trn9port /c-:-t-e91 re: e9tte pr-ce91 ?-:7:e 6en-t-e9 n* ot+er /c-:-t-e9 etc.

So:-* ;9te -n N?- M,67- -9 r-9-n" /9t. t -9 .44 Metr-c Tone9 (MT) -n '%$$ 7,t -t ;-:: 7e 7o?e '%%% Metr-c Tone9 /ter '%$. t -9  p:nne* n* 6o*ern c87er c-t8 -n M,676etropo:-tn re"-on. T+ere/ore pop,:t-on n* co66erc-: n* ot+er9 ,n-t9 ;-:: -ncre9e /9t. T+e 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on -n T+ne c-t8 -n '%$$ -9 $%4$ Metr-c Tone9 7,t -n '%$ -t ;-:: 7e 6ore t+n '%%% Metr-c Tone9. Pop,:t-on -n T+ne c-t8 -9 :9o "ro;-n" /9t. A:: ot+er ,n -t9 ;-:: :9o r-9-n" ;-t+ pop,:t-on. T+ne -9 n -66e*-te pro5-6te c-t8 to M,67-. T+ere/ore 6ore  peop:e //or* n* *j,9t to :-?e -n T+ne c-t8. T+e 9o:-* ;9te -n M-rB+8n*r1 B+-;n*-  N-L6p,r n* :+9n"r -9 not 6,c+ *-//erent. B,t t+e 9o:-* ;9te -n M-rB+8n*r ;-:: r-9e ?er8 /9t. Mo9t o/ t+e peop:e o/ ;e9tern 9,7,r7 ;-:: 9+-/t -n M-rB+8n*r re. So:-* ;9te ;-:: 7e c:o9e to $%% Metr-c tone9 -n '%$. n :: t+e 6,n-c-p: corport-on91 9o:-* ;9te "enert-on ;-:: r-9e ;-t+ 6ore or :e99 n,67er.

Po:-c8 -6p:-ct-on#

31

So:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -9 ne":ecte* -99,e o/ ,r7n *e?e:op6ent -n t+e M,67Metropo:-tn Re"-on. D,e to econo6-c "ro;t+1 ,r7n-Lt-on n* pop,:t-on1 t+e ,r7n 9er?-ce9 n* 6en-t-e9 +9 /::en 9+ort. r7n 6,n-c-p: corport-on9 :c<9 o/ *e,te cpc-t81 -n9t-t,t-on: n* /-nnc-: cp7-:-t-e9 n* 9<-::e* 6npo;er. Econo6-c re9o,rce9 re -n*e,te /or co::ect-on1 trn9portt-on1 proce99-n" n* /-n: *-9po9: o/ 9o:-* ;9te. T+e pre9ent 989te6 -9 -ne//-c-ent1 ,n9c-ent-/-c1 o,t*te*. Pop,:t-on co?er"e o/ 9o:-* ;9te co::ect-on -9 ? er8 :o;. T+ere -9 -rre",:r 9treet 9;eep-n" n* trn9portt-on n* *-9po9: o/ 9o:-* ;9te. T+e 9o:-* ;9te -9 not co::ecte* *,e to /-nnc-: n* -n/r9tr,ct,r:1 tec+n-c: con9tr-nt9. T+e cc,6,:t-on o/  ;9te9 -n t+e 9treet -ncre9e9 contct o/ "er691 -n9ect91 rt9 n* ot+er *-9e9e9 ?ector9. nco::ecte* 9o:-* ;9te :9o c,9e9 t+e 9t"nt-on o/ ;ter t+e 7ree*-n" o/ 6o9,-toe9. C+-:*ren re e9pec-::8 ?,:ner7:e to t+e r-9<9 99oc-te* to 9o:-* ;9te9. T+e *?er9e e//ect o/ 9o:-* ;9te to 9o-:1 -r1 ;ter n* +e:t+ o/ +,6n 7e-n" -9 6,c+ +-"+er. D,r-n" t+e r-n8 9e9on1 9o:-* ;9te -9 not co::ecte* n* trn9porte* e//-c-ent:8. n recent 8er91 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent +9 ttrcte* 6,c+ "reter ttent-on :: o?er t+e ;or:*. So:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent pro7:e69 re 79-c::8 ,r7n  pro7:e6 (>HO $4). M,n-c-p: corport-on9 re e5pecte* to co::ect t+e ,n-t :e?e: 9o:-* ;9te. At t+e co66,n-t8 :e?e:1 9o:-* ;9te +9 to "et 9e"re"te*. Co66,n-t8 7-n9 6,9t 7e pro?-*e* /or  *r8 n* ;et 9o:-* ;9te. Dr8 9o:-* ;9te 6,9t 7e co6po9te* t co66,n-t8 :e?e: or -n ec+ ;r*. T+e ;et ;9te 6,9t "et proce99e* t co66,n-t8 :e?e:. M,n-c-p: corport-on9 cn "enerte e:ectr-c-t8 /ro6 ;et 9o:-* ;9te. T+e M,n-c-p: Corport-on9 6,9t -*ent-/8 t+e ne; :oct-on9 o/  *,6p-n" "ro,n*9. T+e ;9te co::ect-on1 9e"re"t-on n* *,6p-n" 6,9t "et 6o*ern-Le ;-t+ ne; 6c+-ne9 n* e,-p6ent9. M,n-c-p: corport-on9 6,9t -n?o:?e t+e pr-?te 9ector -n 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent n* c:en:-ne99 -n c-t-e9. T+e 9er?-ce9 n* tec+no:o"-c: -nno?t-on9 +?e opene* ,p ne; re9 to t+e pr-?te 9ector. G:o7: tren*9 9+o;9 t+t t+e pr-?te 9ector +9 7een 7:e to

32

6o7-:-Le /,n*9 nece99r8 to /-nnce -n/r9tr,ct,re project9 n* t+t -t -9 ;-::-n" to ccept r-9<9  pro?-*e* t+e -n9t-t,t-on: en?-ron6ent 6eet9 cert-n 6-n-6,6 9tn*r*9 n* t+e project9 re  proper:8 9tr,ct,re* (GO '%%). Pr-?te 9ector +9 econo6-c re9o,rce9 n* -t cn e9-:8 -n?e9t -n t+e 9;eep-n" ;-t+ 6o*ern 6c+-ne91 ;9te co::ect-on n* trn9port ?e+-c:e9. Pr-?te 9ector cn *e?e:op 9c-ent-/-c::8 6n"e* *,6p-n" "ro,n*9 -n 6,n-c-p: corport-on re. So:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent cnnot 7e :e/t to :oc: :e?e: -n-t-t-?e9 9 co66,n-t8 or"n-Lt-on9 :c< 9,//-c-ent re9o,rce9 or cpc-t8 to pro?-*e 9,c+  9er?-ce -n -t9 ent-ret8. Po:-c8 6
So:-* >9te Mn"e6ent nece99-t8 Greter M,67- -9 e5pecte* to "enerte 7o,t $$1%%% ton9 o/ 6,n-c-p: 9o:-* ;9te -n '%'$ (**-t-on: %%% ton9 "-n9t c,rrent "enert-on). Accor*-n":81  tot: o/ 3 +ectre9 o/ :n*/-::

33

re ;o,:* 7e nee*e* to 6eet t+e *e6n*. A9 on *te1 t+e 6,n-c-p: 9o:-* ;9te co::ecte* -9 *-9po9e* o// t t+e :n*/-:: 9-te9 t Deonr1 M,:,n* n* Gor-. A:: 9-te9 re rec+-n" t+e-r cpc-t8 n* re e5pecte* to r,no,t -n $ to & 8er9 t-6e per-o*. C:o9,re ;or<9 /or Gor- +9 co66ence* n* ot+er 9-te9 re e5pecte* to co66ence "o-n" /or;r*. Decentr:-Le* tret6ent 989te6 :- proce99-n" n* :n*/-:: 9-te9 -9 o/ 6jor concern /or M,67- to +n*:e t+e :r"e ,nt-t8 o/ ;9te "enerte*. n or*er to 6eet t+e "ro;-n" *e6n*1 MCGM -9 9ett-n" ,p  ne; :n*/-:: 9-te t Knj,r ($&$ H). T+e 9-te *e?e:op6ent ct-?-t-e9 re on"o-n" /or t+e 96e. n*er JNNRM1 MCGM -9 ,n*ert<-n" -6pro?e6ent ;or<9 to :: t+ree :n*/-:: 9-te9 t n e9t-6te* co9t o/ R9. &34 Crore on PPP 6o*e: (E9t-6te* pr-?te 9ector contr-7,t-on -9 R9. '& Crore /or 9ett-n" ,p proce99-n" p:nt9). T+e ;or<9 -nc:,*e re*e?e:op6ent o/ t+e *-9po9: 9-te9  78 c:o9,re rrn"e6ent9 (Gor-1 M,:,n*1 Deonr1 Knj,r) n* rec:-6-n" prt o/ *,6p 9-te9 /or 9ett-n" ,p MS> Proce99 P:nt9 t M,:,n*  Deonr.t -9 ,n*er9too* t+t t+e 7o?e -n?e9t6ent 9+:: cter to t+e cp-t: -n?e9t6ent re,-re6ent9 /or ;e:: ,pto '%'$.

34

.So:-* >9te Mn"e6ent -n M,67M,67- +9  co9t: 9tretc+ o/ 4% 9 <6. Geo"rp+-c::81 t+e c-t8 o/ M,67- cn 7e *-?-*e* -nto t+ree 9ect-on91 n6e:81 t+e -9:n* c-t8 (or 6-n c-t8)1 t+e ;e9tern 9,7,r79 n* t+e e9tern 9,7,r79. T+e9e re :9o 9te Genert-on M,67- "enerte9 ;9te to t+e t,ne o/ ppro5-6te:8 31%'tonne9 per *8. T+e ;9te con9-9t9 o/# U 1%'tonne9 o/ 6-5e* ;9te (7-o*e"r*7:e n* rec8c:7:e) U '1%%%tonne9 o/ *e7r-9 n* 9-:t. T+e 7-o*e"r*7:e ;9te (;et ;9te) -9 6*e ,p o/ ?e"et7:e n* /r,-t re6-n*er91 :e?e91 9po-:e* /oo*1 e""9+e::91 cotton1 etc. Rec8c:7:e (*r8 ;9te) con9-9t9 o/ ne;9pper91 t+er6oco:1  p:9t-c1 7tter8 ce::91 ;-re91 -ron 9+eet91 ":991 etc. De7r-9 -nc:,*e9 con9tr,ct-on ;9te1 reno?t-on ;9te1 *e6o:-t-on ;9te1 etc. S-:t co6pr-9e9 ert+ n* c:8 /ro6 *r-n9 n* ro* corner9. t -9 e9t-6te* t+t 78 '%%F 9,c+ ;9te ;-:: ""re"te 1%%%tonne9 per *8 *,e to -ncre9e -n t+e c-t89 pop,:t-on. A?er"e Genert-on o/ >9te 78  C-t-Len o/ M,67T+e "enert-on o/ ;9te 78 n -n*-?-*,: *epen*9 on t+e 9oc-oecono6-c con*-t-on9 to ;+-c+ t+e  per9on 7e:on"9. @or e56p:e1  r-c+ /6-:8 ;-:: "enerte ner:8 /o,r to /-?e <" o/ 6-5e* ;9te  per *8V  6-**:e c:99 /6-:8 ;-:: "enerte 7et;een one to t+ree <" o/ 6-5e* ;9te per *8 n*  poor /6-:81 -n 9:,691 ;-:: "enerte c:o9e to % %"r69 per *8.

35

Mn"e6ent o/ >9te T+e M,n-c-p: Corport-on o/ Greter M,67- (MCGM) -9 /or6::8 re9pon9-7:e /or t+e 6n"e6ent o/ ;9te -n t+e c-t8. T+e pre?-:-n" pproc+ +9 7een one o/ co::ect-on n* *-9po9: t+t -91 "r7"e -9 co::ecte* /ro6 co66,n-t-e9 78 t+e 6,n-c-p: ,t+or-t-e9 n* *-9po9e* o// t t+e t+ree 6-n *,6p-n" 9-te9 t+t re c,rrent:8 9er?-c-n" t+e c-t8. Gr7"e co::ector9 e6p:o8e* 78 ?r-o,9 +o,9-n" 9oc-et-e9 6n,::8 co::ect t+e ;9te "enerte* t t+e +o,9e+o:* :e?e: n* *,6p -t -n t+e "r7"e 7-n t 9pec-/-e* 9treet corner9. T+ere re ro,n* 1F%% co66,n-t8 7-n9 -n t+e c-t8. n c9e o/ So,t+ M,67-1 tr,c<9 co::ect "r7"e /ro6 t+e "r7"e 7-n9 n* trn9port -t to  trn9/er 9tt-on ;+-c+ -9 :octe* -n M+:<9+6-. A 9eprte trn9port -9 rrn"e* /or trn9/err-n" t+e "r7"e /ro6 M+:<9+6- to t+e nort+ern prt o/ M,67- ;+ere t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n*9 re 9-t,te*. @ro6 :: ot+er prt9 o/ t+e c-t81 "r7"e -9 9ent *-rect:8 to t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n*9. Ner:8  o/ t+e ;9te "enerte* -n t+e c-t8 -9 *-9po9e* o// -n t+-9 6nner. T+-9 :r"e:8 6n,: opert-on -n?o:?e9 1%%% per9onne: e6p:o8e* 78 t+e MCGM n* -9 co::ecte* 78  /:eet o/ F%% ?e+-c:e91 -nc:,*-n" ?e+-c:e9 +-re* /ro6 pr-?te contrctor91 t+t ;or< -n 9+-/t9 ec+ *8. MCGM 9pen*9 7o,t R9$'%:<+ per *8 on co::ect-n" n* trn9port-n" "r7"e n* *e7r-9 ;-t+ 6,n-c-p: n* pr-?te ?e+-c:e9 6<-n" 7o,t '1%%% tr-p9 e?er8 *8.

36

&. T+e Cr-9-9 D,6p-n" Gro,n* A *,6p-n" "ro,n* -91 "ener::81  :o;:8-n"1 n* 6r9+8 re1 ;+-c+ -9 :octe* on t+e o,t9<-rt9 o/  c-t81 ;+ere t+ere -91 ,9,::81 no +,6n pop,:t-on. >e +?e1 -n o,r c-t81 t+ree *,6p-n" "ro,n*9 ;+-c+ re :octe* -n t+e nort+ern prt o/ M,67- t Gor- (Bor-?:-)1 M,:,n* n* Deonr. A /o,rt+ one t C+-nc+o:- +9 recent:8 c:o9e* *o;n. A6on"9t t+e t+ree1 Deonr -9 t+e :r"e9t *,6p-n" "ro,n*. A:: t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n*9 re ner:8 %&%<6 /ro6 So,t+ M,67;+-c+ e5p:-n9 t+e +,"e co9t9 on trn9portt-on. T+e -ncre9e -n t+e pop,:t-on o/ t+e c-t8 +9 /orce* peop:e to 9ett:e ner t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n*9. T+-9 +9 :e* to t+e t;-n pro7:e69 o/ peop:e :-?-n" -n ,n+e:t+8 con*-t-on9 n* prote9t-n" /or t+e c:o9,re o/ t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n*91 9 *,6p-n" c,9e9 +e:t+ +Lr*9 /or t+e peop:e -n t+e ?-c-n-t8. T+e ?er"e :-/e o/  *,6p-n" "ro,n* -9 % 8er9. T+e re6-n-n" :-/e o/ o,r :r"e9t *,6p-n" "ro,n*1 -.e.1 Deonr1 -9 on:8 /-?e to 9-5 8er9 n*1 9o /r1 no :ternt-?e 9-te +9 7een /o,n* /or ;9te *-9po9:. T+e ;9te1 ;+-c+ o//er9 n -ncent-?e  /ter 9e::-n" :-
37

 pre?ente*1 po::,te9 t+e "ro,n* ;ter. A:9o1 /:-e91 6o9,-toe9 n* 6n8 ot+er pe9t9 7ree* on t+e ;9te n* ,n:e99 proper:8 6-nt-ne*1 t+e *,6p9 re  p,7:-c +e:t+ +Lr*. De7r-9 D-9po9: n M,67-1 e?er8 *8 '1%%%tonne9 o/ *e7r-9 -9 "enerte* o//-c-::81 o/ ;+-c+ 9o6e prt "oe9 to t+e *,6p-n" "ro,n* /or 9pre*-n" o?er t+e or"n-c "r7"e1 9 ert+ -9 e5pen9-?e. T+e re6-n-n" *e7r-9 -9 9pre* ne5t to t+e ro*91 -n t+e cree<91 ne5t to r-:;8 trc<9 n* on open "ro,n*9. E?er8 *81 9o6e;+ere or t+e ot+er1 -n 9o6e 7,-:*-n"1 9o6e reno?t-on t
38

c::e* 6n"ro?e9. T+e9e p:nt91 -n t,rn1 +?e :e?e9 ;+-c+ pro?-*e o58"en to t+e ;ter /or /-9+e9 to 7ree* -n t+e cree<9. n 6n8 re91 :-
Gr7"e Co::ect-on  !o; Ser?-ce* Are9 T+e "r7"e co::ect-on ct-?-t8 -t9e:/ +9 9e?er: *-//erence9 6on"9t t+e :oc:-t-e9V t+ere re +-"+:89er?-ce* re91 6e*-,69er?-ce* re9 n* ?er8 :o;9er?-ce* re9.  ;o,:* :-M). (S>M). T+e :oc: :oc: "o?ern "o?ern6en 6entt e5ten*9 e5ten*9 -t9 9er?-c 9er?-ce9 e9 on:8 on:8 to re",: re",:r-9 r-9e* e* 9:,69 9:,69 ;+-c+ ;+-c+ re *ec:re *ec:re* * o//-co//-c-: : or reco"n-9e* ,n*er t+e cen9,9 o/ 9:,69. T+-9 9tep 6ot+er:8 tret6ent -91 -n e//ect1 t+e c-t89 o;n ,n*o-n"1 9-nce 9:,69 /or6 4% o/ M,67-. Moreo?er1 t+e9e rt-/-c-: 7o,n*r-e9 cn +r*:8  pre?ent t+e 9pre* o/ *-rt n* *-9e9e. A 9t,*8 *one 78 Yo,t+ /or n-t8 n* 0o:,ntr8 Act-on (Y0A) -n $F1 co?er-n" $%% co66,n-t-e9 -n t+e 9:,6 poc
39

o/ ;9te n* 989te69 o/ co::ect-on n* trn9portt-on o/ "r7"e -n t+e co66,n-t81 t+ere ;9 ?er8 :-tt:e co66,n-t8 -n?o:?e6ent -n 9o:?-n" t+e pro7:e6.

T-6e /or >9te To Deco6po9e >+en t+e ;9te -9 *,6pe*1 -t *oe9 not *eco6po9e ?er8 ,-c<:8 n* 6
& >ee<9

/or t+e ot+er ;9te. T+e nt,re o/ ;9te 7e-n" *,6pe* n* t+e t-6e -t t9te @oo* Pper B"9 C:ot+ B"9 >oo* P-ece9 !et+er S+oe9 n* Sn*:9 ron S+eet9 A:,6-n-,6 S+eet9 P:9t-c B"9

$ Mont+  Mont+9 $%$ Yer9 &%% Yer9 %$%% Yer9 '%%'% Yer9 $ M-::-on Yer9

. B,*"etr8 A::oct-on O?er:: B,*"et B,*"etr8 ::oct-on /or 9o:-* ;9te 6n"e6ent -n t+e c-t8 o/ M,67- /or t+e 8er '%%'%%& 6o,nte* to R9&.''crore co6pre* to R9''.3$crore -n $3$F1 n -ncre9e o/ &. T+-9

40

con9t-t,te* $& o/ t+e tot: 7,*"et o/ t+e MCGM ;+-c+ 9too* t R9''4.'crore. S,c+  +-"+ -ncre9e -9  re/:ect-on o/ t+e "ro;-n" concern /or t+e ;9te *-9po9: cr-9-9 -n t+e c-t8 6on" t+e :oc: n* re"-on: ,t+or-t-e9. Co9t9 /or 6-ntennce o/ *,6p-n" "ro,n*1 ;9te trn9portt-on n* +-re c+r"e9 co6e to R9$'4crore n* con9t-t,te ner:8 'F o/ t+e tot: 7,*"et ::octe* /or S>M. T+e 7,*"et /or 9c+e6e91 :-M 7,*"et. Ner:8 4% o/ M,67-9 pop,:t-on :-?e -n 9:,69 ;+-c+ co?er 3 o/ t+e :n* re o/ t+e c-t8. n t+e M,n-c-p: pro?-9-on9 /or S>M1 on:8 t+o9e 9:,69 ;+-c+ re not-/-e* n* re on 6,n-c-p: or pr-?te :n* re 9er?-ce*V 9er?-ce9 to ot+er 9:,69 re not cco,nte* /or -n t+e 7,*"et. T+e 7,*"et ::oct-on /or 9:,69 /or69 on:8 $' o/ t+e tot: S>M 7,*"et. n/or6: Sector T+e tot: ,nt-t8 o/ 31%'tonne9 o/ o / 9o:-* ;9te1 6ent-one* 78 t+e MCGM1 -9 t+e o//-c-: /-",re o/ ;9te 7e-n" co::ecte* 7,t t+e ct,: "enert-on -9 6,c+ +-"+er. O/ t+e "r7"e 7e-n" *,6pe* -n t+e 7-n91  con9-*er7:e 6o,nt -9 re6o?e* 78 r" p-c
41

O?er:: A-6 o/ t+e project ;9 to *eter6-ne ;+et+er t+e N-9r"r,n tec+no:o"81 9 ,9e* 78 or"n-Lt-on9 -n M,67- n* e:9e;+ere1 -9 n e//ect-?e ;8 o/   proce99-n" ;9te n* 7ene/-t-n" t+e peop:e ;+o operte t+e p:nt.

4.PROJECT OBJECT0ES To ,n*er9tn* t+e ;8 ;9te -9 *-9po9e* o/ n* proce99e* ;-t+-n M,67To ,n*er9tn* ro:e o/ r" p-c
42

 p:nt t S+t7*- Ho9p-t:1 Go?n*-. H?e  :-9t o/ *?nt"e9 o/ t+e N-9r"r,n tec+no:o"8 t+t co,:* 7e ,9e* 78 "o?ern6ent or"n-Lt-on1 ot+er or"n-Lt-on or  pro9pect-?e entreprene,r -n ot+er p:ce9 To ,n*er9tn* ro:e o/ Stree 6,
3.Project T9<  To ?-9-t *,6p9-te to 9t,*8 t+e c,rrent ;9te *-9po9: 9cenr-o St,*8 t+e pre9ent ;9te +n*:-n" pproc+ 78 -n+7-tnt -n t+e c-t8 9,7,r7 78 crr8-n" 96:: 9,r?e8 ;or< 

43

To crr8 o,t o79er?t-on ;or< to 9t,*8 t+e opert-on9 o/ N-9r"r,n P:nt :octe* t Go?n*-1 S+t7*- Ho9p-t:. To ?-9-t 9tree 6,9te :-
44

6et:1 9n*1 9:-t1 *e7r-9 n* 7,-:*-n" 6ter-:91 ;oo*1 c:ot+ c:ot+e91 rope91 n8:on t+re*91 7tter-e91 r,77er pro*,ct91 +Lr*o,9 n* c+e 6-c: -n*,9tr-e9 ;9te cnnot 7e trete* n* -9 9tr-ct:8 ?o-*e* /or N-9r"r,n P:nt9 (Dr S K:e1 '%%)

F Tec+no:o"8 Tec+n-c: *et-:9 o/ t+e p:nt Mjor co6ponent9 o/ BARC’9  N-9r"r,n p:nt -nc:,*e  6-5t,rep,:per ;-t+  HP 6otor(9) /or cr,9+-n" 9o:-* ;9te1  pre6-5 tn<1  pre*-"e9ter tn<1 n -r 

45

co6pre99or1  9:o; ;ter +eter or 9o:r pne:91  6-n *-"e9t-on tn<1  "9 *e:-?er8 989te61 6n,re p-t91  tn< /or rec8c:-n" ;ter1  ;ter p,6p1 9:,rr8  p,6p n*  "9 ,t-:-Lt-on 989te6. T+e ;9te -9 +o6o"en-Le* -n  6-5er ,9-n" ;ter. T+-9 9:,rr8 enter9 t+e pre*-"e9ter tn< ;+ere ero7-c t+er6op+-:-c 7cter-  pro:-/erte n* con?ert prt o/ t+-9 ;9te -nto or"n-c c-*9 :-
Ac-*-/-ct-on Ac-*pro*,c-n" 7cter- -n?o:?e* -n t+e 9econ * 9tep con?ert t+e -nter6e*-te9 o/  /er6ent-n" 7cter- -nto cet-c c-* (CHCOOH)1 +8*ro"en (H') n* cr7on *-o5-*e (CO') -n t+e pre*-"e9ter. T+e9e 7cter-1 o/ t+e "en,9 7c-::,91 re ero7-c

46

n* /c,:tt-?e:8 nero7-c1 n* cn "ro; ,n*er c-*-c con*-t-on9. An -r  co6pre99or 6-nt-n9 ero7-c con*-t-on9 -n t+e pre*-"e9ter. To pro*,ce cet-c c-*1 t+e 7cter- ,9e t+e o58"en *-99o:?e* -n t+e 9o:,t-on or 7on*e*o58"en. Here781 t+e c-*pro*,c-n" 7cter- re*,ce t+e co6po,n*9 ;-t+  :o; 6o:ec,:r  ;e-"+t -nto :co+o:91 or"n-c c-*91 6-no c -*91 cr7on *-o5-*e1 +8*ro"en 9,:p+-*e n* trce9 o/ 6et+ne. T+e pH o/ t+e r; 9:,rr8 /::9 /ro6 3. to 7o,t &.. -n t+e pre*-"e9ter  Met+ne /or6t-on Met+nepro*,c-n" 7cter-1 -n?o:?e* -n t+e t+-r* 9tep1 *eco6po9e co6po,n*9 ;-t+  :o; 6o:ec,:r ;e-"+t. n*er nt,r: con* -t-on91 6et+nepro*,c-n" 6-croor"n-969 occ,r to t+e e5tent t+t nero7-c con*-t-on9 re pro?-*e*1 /or  -n9tnce ,n*er ;ter (-n 6r-ne 9e*-6ent9)1 -n r,6-nnt 9to6c+9 n* -n 6r9+e9. T+e8 re nero7-c n* ?er8 9en9-t-?e to en?-ron6ent: c+n"e9. n con tr9t to c-*o"en-c n* ceto"en-c 7cter-1 6et+no"en-c 7cter- 7e:on" to t+e rc+e7cter- "ro,p1  "ro,p o/ 7cter- ;-t+  ?er8 +etero"eneo,9 6orp+o:o"8 n*  n,67er o/ co66on 7-oc+e6-c: n* 6o:ec,:r7-o:o"-c: propert-e9 t+t *-9t-n",-9+ t+e6 /ro6 :: ot+er 7cter-: "ener. t -9 *?-97:e to c-rc,:te t+e "enerte* 7-o"9 7c< -nto t+e 989te6 ,9-n"  96:: co6pre99or. T+-9 ;o,:* en+nce t+e re*,ct-on o/ cr7on *-o5-*e to 6et+ne n* enr-c+6ent o/ 6et+ne /rct-on -n t+e 7-o"9. T+e 9eprt-on o/ t;o 9t"e9 -n 6et+ne pro*,ct-on +e:p9 -n -6pro?-n" t+e p,r-t8 o/ 6et+ne "91 t+ere78 -ncre9-n" -t9 /,e: e//-c-enc8. Ho;e?er1 t+e ?er"e co6po9-t-on ro,n* t+e 8er ;o,:* *epen* on +o; e//ect-?e:8 pre*-"e9ter 

47

te6pert,re9 cn 7e 6-nt-ne*. T+e o7t-ne* 7-o"9 -9  6-5t,re o/ 6et+ne (3% 3)1 cr7on *-o5-*e ($%$) n* ;ter ?por ($%).

Mer-t9 o/ 9et,p W E98 to 6-nt-n W S89te6 -9 *e9-"ne* -n*-"eno,9:8 -n n*-V n* *oe9 not con9-9t o/ n8 e5pen9-?e -6porte* co6ponent91 t+,9 en9,r-n" e98 ?-:7-:-t8 o/ 9pre9. W Mo9t 9,7opert-on9 *oe9 not re,-re +-"+ 9<-::. >or
48

So6e o/ t+e9e pro7:e69 re e98 to o?erco6e. T+e 96e:: /ro6 t+e ero7-c *-"e9ter9 co,:* 7e re6o?e* 78 enc:o9-n" t+e9e pre*-"e9ter9 n* rec8c:-n" t+e -r ro,n* t+e6. T+e "r-n*er co,:* 7e re*e9-"ne* to 7re< ,p t+e /ee*9toc<. T+e e9t+et-c ppernce co,:* 7e -6pro?e*1 "-n 78 enc:o9-n" t+e p:nt -n  7,-:*-n" or e?en 9+-e:*-n" -t ;-t+ tree9.

. E?:,t-n" 6jor 7ene/-t9 o/ Project Tec+n-c: Ener"8 -n t+e /or6 o/ B-o"9# T+e pro*,ct-on o/ n ener"8 re9o,rce1 7-o"9 /ro6  N-9r"r,n -9 6o9t tn"-7:e 7ene/-t. N-9r"j8ot- (B-o"9) ,9e1 rep:c-n"

49

con?ent-on: /,e:9 :-
50

or *e9tro8 n8 o/ t+e n,tr-ent9 /ro6 *o6e9t-c n* /r6 ;9te91 7,t 6
51

t+e /re,enc8 o/ *-9e9e :e*9 to 9?-n"9 -n 6e*-c-ne n* con9,:tt-on co9t9. Re"r*-n" t+e :e<"e o/ +e:t+ 9er?-ce9 -n r,r: re91 not+er pproc+ to 9?-n"9 -9 9,""e9te*. A9  con9e,ence o/ N-9r"r,n p:nt91 :7or pro*,ct-?-t8 ;o,:* r-9e *,e to t+e e:-6-nt-on o/ potent-: *-9e9ec,9-n" "ent9 (Dr S K:e1 '%%). Soc-o:o"-c: E6p:o86ent# D,r-n" t+e con9tr,ct-on o/ N-9r"r,n p:nt91 t+ere re e//ect9 on re"-on::oc: -nco6e n* e6p:o86ent (,n:e99 t+e9e re 7,-:t 78 -n?e9tor9 t+e69e:?e9). Per6nent jo79 re crete* /or p:nt per9onne:1 n* -n*-rect e//ect9 re9,:t -n contrct9 ;-t+ :oc: n* re"-on: co6pn-e9 /or t+e 9er?-ce n* 6-ntennce o/  p:nt1 -nc:,*-n" "9 7,rner9 -n +o,9e+o:*9. T+e ,t-:-Lt-on o/   7-o"9 contr-7,te9 to n en:r"e* rn"e o/ ener"8 /,e:9 o//ere* on t+e 6ro6en’9 :-7ert-on or"n-Lt-on)V -t +9 pro?-*e* e6p:o86ent to t+e poor ;o6en ( pre?-o,9:8 ;+o ;ere ;or<-n" 9 ;9te p-c
52

*,6p 9-te9 n* -n 9treet9). T+e8 ;or< on N-9r"r,n P:nt ;+ere t+e8 re tr-ne* -n-t-::8 /or -t9 opert-on:
53

A,t+or-t-e9. B-o"9 n* 6n,re cn 7e ,9e 78 re9-*ent9 /or +et-n"1 coo<-n" n* /or "r*en-n" p,rpo9e.  Non Go?ern6ent Or"n-9t-on# @or non "o?ern6ent or"n-9t-on n* ?o:,nteer  or"n-9t-on1 -t ;o,:* 7e 7ene/-c-: to 9e:: 9er?-ce9 79e* o n N-9r"r,n Tec+no:o"8. t ;o,:* 7e 7ene/-c-: to pro?-*e e6p:o86ent to poor peop:e /or  opert-n" n* 6-nt-n-n" p:nt. Bene/-t9 /or pr-?te ?ent,re# @ro6 ?ent,re ?-e; po-nt1 -t ;-:: not 7e po99-7:e to "et +-"+ ret,rn9 on 79-9 o/ 9e::-n" ener"8 7,t pro/-t /ro6 ;9te proce99-n" c+r"e9 -9 e99ent-: too. B-""er 9c:e /or %$%% ton9*8 ;9te proce99-n" 68 7eco6e ?-7:e -/ -t -9 to 7e on :on" ter6 contrct 79-9. >+en re,-re6ent o/ proce99-n" o/  ;9te co6e9 /ro6 M,n-c-p: Corport-on or /oo* proce99-n" -n*,9tr-e91 9e::-n" 6et+ne "9 to t+e :oc: ener"8 co6pn-e9 ;o,:* cert-n:8 6
54

-9 99,6e* $' R9K".(Se::-n" -t to Ener"8 co6pn8) W Ret-: pr-ce o/ e:ectr-c-t8 -9  R9<;+. Se::-n" pr-ce -9  99,6e* /or  R9<;+. (Se::-n" -t to Ener"8 co6pn8) W Ret-: pr-ce o/ 6n,re -9  R9<". Se::-n" pr-ce -9 99,6e* /or ' R9<" (B,:< pr-ce) W A99,6-n" t+t 7n< -ntere9t rte9 n* t5 rte9 ;-:: re6-n 9te*8 t+ro,"+ o,t t+e project :-/e. W @or M,n-c-p: So:-* >9te proce99-n" project91 ;9te trn9portt-on co9t to t+e p:nt -9 99,6e* %.% R9<". W P:nt ;-:: 7e opert-n" /or t :e9t $ 8er9 ;-t+ nor6: 6-ntennce re,-re*. W P:nt *eco66-99-on-n" co9t 6o,nt ;-:: 7e *j,9te* 78 9e::-n" -n/r9tr,ct,re to t+e "enc-e9 -n?o:?e* -n rec8c:-n". W T+ere re no e5tr 7ene/-t9 e.". S,79-*-e9 n* cr7on cre*-t9 "-?en to t+e  project. W %%1%%% r,pee9 ;-:: 7e re,-re* 9et,p o/ "enertor /or con?ert-n" 7-o"9 -nto e:ectr-c-t8 on e?er8  ton9 ;9te proce99-n" cpc-t8 p:nt. W M,n-c-p: Corport-on o/ Greter M,67- -9 9pen*-n" ro,n* $.F% R9<" /or trn9port-n" ;9te /ro6 re/,9e 7-n to *,6p9-te. Con9-*er-n" t+t /ct -t -9 99,6e* t+t Opertor ;-:: c+r"e 6,n-c-p: ,t+or-t-e9 $.% R9<" /or  ;9te proce99-n" ;+ere opertor ;-:: 7e trn9port-n" ;9te /ro6 re/,9e 7-n to t+e p:nt. W / M,n-c-p: A,t+or-t-e9 proce99 ;9te 78 -n9t::-n" N-9r"r,n t+en

55

6ont+:8 9?-n"9 on proce99-n" ;o,:* 7e $.% R9K" W Pr-ce o/  ton ;9te proce99-n" cpc-t8 p:nt -9 R9 '. M-::-on ;-t+o,t e:ectr-c-t8 "enert-n" e,-p6ent 9et,p. R9 %. M-::-on -9 e5tr co9t /or   pro?-*-n" e:ectr-c-t8 "enert-on e,-p6ent9 n* -n/r9tr,ct,re. Sc+e6e9 R,n 78 MCGM S:,6 A*opt-on Sc+e6e t ;9 e5per-ence* t+t 7ec,9e o/ t+e +etero"eneo,9 pop,:t-on -n t+e 9:,69 t+ere -9 no 9en9e o/  7e:on"-n"ne99 n* -t ;9 re:-9e* t+t n tte6pt 9+o,:* 7e 6*e to 6ot-?te n* -n?o:?e t+e 9:,6 pop,:t-on 78 ttc+-n" cert-n -ncent-?e9 to ;or< -n c:en-n" t+e 9:,69 n* 6-nt-n-n" +8"-ene con*-t-on. t -9 -n t+-9 7c<"ro,n* t+t t+e S:,6 A*opt-on Sc+e6e t+ro,"+ co66,n-t8  79e* or"n-9t-on9 n* p,7:-c prt-c-pt-on +9 7een 9trte* 78 t+e MCGM. n-t-t-?e9 A*?nce* !oc:-t8 Mn"e6ent A*?nce* !oc:-t8 Mn"e6ent (A!M) -9 :oc: 6n"e6ent o/ 9o:-* ;9te 78 c-t-Len9 ;+o or"n-9e t+e69e:?e9 to 6n"e t+e-r ;9te. >et ;9te -9 9e"re"te* t +o,9e+o:* :e?e: n* co6po9te* :oc::8 -n n8 ?-:7:e re1 p:nter91 etc.1 n* 9;eeper9 or r" p-c
56

T+e 9,cce99 o/ n8 A!M *epen*9 ent-re:8 ,pon peop:e9 prt-c-pt-on. Or"n-9t-on o/ t+e co66,n-t81 tr-n-n" n* -n-t-t-on -9 *one jo-nt:8 78 re9-*ent9 n* MCGM1 n* -9 -n-t-::8 /,n*e* 78 re9-*ent9 n* t+e Corport-on. At :ter 9t"e91 t+e ct-?-t-e9 re co6p:ete:8 /,n*e* 78 t+e re9-*ent9. Rec8c:-n" De7r-9 De7r-9 -9 rec8c:e* to 6
57

$%.Ro:e o/ t+e C-t-Len9 o/ M,67T+e c-t-Len9 o/ M,67- +?e to 7e tr-ne* -n t+e t+ree R9 ;-t+ re9pect to 6n"e6ent o/ ;9te9. Re*,ce A9 t+e 7,*"et o/ t+e M,n-c-p: Corport-on -n*-cte1 9 6,c+ 9 'F -9 9pent on:8 on trn9portt-on o/ ;9te. T+ere -9 n ,r"ent nee* to re*,ce t+e ;9te 78 c,tt-n" *o;n on trn9portt-on. T+e re*,ct-on o/ ;9te cn +ppen on:8 ;+en ;e1 9 c-t-Len9 o/ M,67-1 re*,ce ;9te "enert-on -n t+e /-r9t p:ce. Re,9e S-6p:e +7-t9 :-et "r7"e cn 7e rec8c:e* 78 co6po9t-n" or ?er6-co6po9t-n" -n 8o,r 7c<8r* or -n t+e ?-c-n-t8. T+-9 ;-:: pro*,ce "oo* 6n,re t+t cn 7e ,9e* /or "r*en9 n* :;n9. T+e *r8 "r7"e cn 7e "-?en to t+e r" p-c
$$. B,9-ne99 Opport,n-t8

58

ATTRACT0E PROJECT T+e project 7ene/-t9 /ro6 +-"+ ?-9-7-:-t81 7e-n" one o/ t+e /-r9t -nte"rte* S>M project -n t+e 9tte1 n* 6on" t+e /-r9t -n t+e co,ntr8. t pre9ent9 B-**er9 ;-t+ t+e opport,n-t8 to  prt-c-pte -n  co6pet-t-?e n* trn9prent ten*er-n" proce991 n* /or t+e ;-nn-n" 7-**er1 to  7ene/-t /ro6 t+e /-r9t 6o?er *?nt"e /or /,t,re project9 to 7e -6p:e6ente* -n t+e 9tte.

$'.Re/erence 1. +ttp#;;;.6c"6."o?.-n

59

2. Br7:ce1 Ro7ert Cro;e:: ('%%%F). T+e H-9tor8 o/ >9te.

En?-ron6ent:C+e6-9tr8.co6. Retr-e?e* '%$$'%. 3. @:orence N-"+t-n":e1 Se:ecte* >r-t-n"9 o/ @:orence N-"+t-n":e1 e*. !,c8 R-*"e:8

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