CLASS – 1 ANATOMY (Osteology & Embryology) 1.
All A. B. C. D.
are true about about the bones of skull skull except Composed of 22 bones Only maxilla is mobile bone & Majority are membranous / dermatomal in origin Rest are united by fibrous joints/sutures Encloses the spinal cord
Ans: D Is wrong as it encloses structures P r o c e n c e p h a l o n {cerebral {cerebral hemi spheres 1) telencephalon, 2) Diencephalon} Pons Mesencephalon Medulla oblongata, Cerebellum on posterior aspect Rhombencephalon
2.
Neurocranium constitutes A. Eight bones B. Encloses the brain, meninges, its vascularity C. Composed of membranous bones D. All of the above
Ans: D The skull has 2 parts i.
Neurocranium
Enclosing cranial cavity & contain brain, protective meninges, respective blood vessels
– paired: parietal and temporal; unpaired: frontal, occipital, ethmoid & Made up of 8 bones – sphenoid bones ii.
3.
Splanchnocranium
Which statement is true about Splanchnocranium A. Forms facial skeleton B. Made up of fourteen bones C. Derived from branchial arches D. All of the Above
Ans: A forms facial skeleton, with orbit to protect organ of vision – – eyes; nasal cavity with Splanchnocranium organ of smell - olfaction; oral cavity - by forming upper and epithelium lower jaws - with organ of tastetaste buds on the tongue. 14 bones – Paired: nasal, lacrimal, Zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, Inferior nasal concha. Unpaired: mandible, vomer.
4.
Scaphocephaly is a condition where A. Sagital suture closes early with long and narrow skull
B. Coronal suture closes early with pointed head C. Lambdoid suture closes early with pointed head D. Closure of anterior fontanelle is late Ans: A
5.
Acrocephaly is a condition where A. Sagital suture closes early B. Coronal suture closes early C. Lambdoid suture closes early D. Both B and C Ans: D Premature synostosis of cranial sutures Craniostenosis - sagittal sutures close early - no increase in transverse diameter of skull A. Scaphoc ephaly growth only in antero posterior diameter - long and narrow skull. B . A c r o c e p h a ly ly - coronal and lambdoid sutures close early - no increase in antero posterior diameter - only deposition of bone at sagittal suture - sharp pointed head.
6.
Which of the following statement is true about occipital bone A. Morphologically formed by fusion of thr ee / four pre cer vical vertebrae B. Ossifies by membrane C. Has got foramen ovale D. All of the Above Ans: A Occipital bone is unpaired bone on posterior aspect of skull, consists of following parts - squamous, basilar & condylar parts. Morphologically it is formed by fusion of 3 or 4 pre cervical vertebrae. Fused body basi - occiput Fused transverse process jugular process Inter vertebral foramen hypoglossal canal Fused laminae squamous part up to highest nuchal line Thekal plate of otic capsule rest of squamous part above highest nuchal line
7.
Which statement is true about the joint between basi sphenoid and basi occiput A. Primary cartilaginous joint B. Permit flexion of foetal skull facilitate parturition by reducing diameter of foetal head C. Called obstetrical hinge joints of Budin D. All of the Above Ans: D
8.
Types of joints formed by the occipital bones are all except A. Fibrous/ sutural joint B. Primary cartilaginous joint C. Synovial joint D. Secondary cartilaginous joint Ans: D Fibrous joints at peripheral margins Primary cartilaginous joint between basi occiput & basilar part of sphenoid Synovial joint - atlanto - occipital joint
9.
Name the venous sinus related to occipital bone A. Superior sagittal sinus B. Sigmoid sinus C. Inferior petrosal sinus & Transverse sinus D. All of the Above Ans: E All are related along inner aspect of bone
Cranial intravenous sinuses 1. Sphenoparietal 2. Cavernous 3. Inferior petrosal 4. Transverse 5. Sigmoid 6. Superior petrosal 7. Straight 8. Superior sagittal
10. Superior angle of occipital bone corresponds to A. Lambda B. Bregma C. Posterior fontanelle of the foetal skull D. A and C Ans: D Superior angle corresponds to a point where sagittal suture meet lambdoid suture lambda with posterior fontanelle in foetal skull
11. Lateral angles of occipital bone corresponds to A. Pterion B. Asterion C. Lambda D. Bregma Ans: B Asterion where occipital, parietal and mastoid part of tem poral bone meet Corresponds to posterior lateral fontanelle of foetal skull 12. Parietal tuber correspond to A. Wernicke's sensory speech area B. Primary visual center C. Motor cortex D. Motor speech area Ans: A Beneath the parietal tubers, posterior ramus of lateral sulcus ends with upturned end, surrounded by supra marginal gyrus which acts as Wernicke's sensory speech area
Angles 13. Choose the statement correct about Pterion A. 4 bones meet - frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid B. Anterior branch of middle meningeal vessels C. Stem of lateral sulcus D. All of the Above
Antero superio r Postero superior Antero inferior Postero inferior
Correspond s to
Related to
Bregma
Superior sinus
Lambda Pterion
Sagittal
Superior Sagital sinus Middle meningeal vessels
Asterion Sigmoid sinus Ans: D Pterion corresponds to H shaped suture where frontal, temporal, greater wing of sphenoid and parietal bones meet; beneath which lies anterior branch of middle cerebral vessels and stem of lateral sulcus =Sylvian point.
14. The bone with all the angles vascular A. Occipital bone B. Parietal bone C. Frontal bone D. Temporal bone Ans: B 4 angles of parietal bone are –
15. Frontal tubers is prominent in A. Children B. Males C. Females D. A and C Ans: D Frontal tuber is prominent in children and females. It corresponds to frontal pole of the brain
16. Foramen caecum is seen in A. Frontal bone B. Parietal bone C. Tongue D. A and C Ans: D Frontal bone - foramen caecum sometimes transmits and emissary vein which communicate superior sagittal sinus with veins of nasal mucosa which acts as 'safety valve' by causing nasal bleeding during increased intracranial blood pressure
17. Metopic suture is present between A. Two parietal bones B. Parietal and frontal bones C. Two frontal bones D. Parietal and occipital bones Ans: C Two halves of frontal bones ossify by 2 separate primary centers which appear near frontal tubes. At birth, frontal bone remains as two separate bones separated by Metopic suture, which is replaced by bone at 2 years of age. Remnants of this suture may persist in adults.
18. Hypophyseal fossa is present is A. Frontal bone B. Occipital bone C. Sphenoid bone
D. Temporal bone Ans: C Hypophyseal fossa is a depression in body of sphenoid, contains pituitary gland
19. Which of the following statement is true about sella turcica A. Resemble a turkish saddle B. Consists of tuberculum sellae , hypophyseal fossa, dorsum sellae C. Related to sphenoid bone D. All of the Above Ans: D
20. Which of the following statement is true about foramen rotundum A. Transmits middle meningeal arter y B. Transmits maxillary nerve C. Seen in greater wing of sphenoid D. A and B Ans: D On cerebral / superior surface of greater wing of sphenoid following are seen.
Foramen Foramen Rotundum
Foramen Ovale
Foramen spinosum Canaliculus innominatus Foramen vesali / emissary Sphenoidal foramen
Structures transmitted Maxillary nerve M - Mandibular nerve A - Accessory meningeal artery L - Lesser petrosal Nerve E - emissary veins connecting cavernous sinus with pterygoid venous plexus M - middle meningeal artery M - meningeal branch of Mandibular M - middle meningeal sinus Lesser petrosal nerve Emissary vein
21. Foramen ovale transmits A. Accessory meningeal artery B. Mandibular nerve & Emissary vein C. Lesser petrosal nerve D. All of the Above Ans: D
22. Foramen spinosum transmits the following except A. Lesser petrosal nerve B. Nervous spinosus C. Middle meningeal artery D. Posterior trunk of middle meningeal sinus Ans: A
23. Foramen vesali transmits A. Lesser petrosal nerve B. Emissary vein C. Nervous spinosus D. Mandibular nerve Ans: B
24. The following are related to spine of sphenoid except A. Chorda tympanic nerve B. Nervous spinosus C. Auriculo- temporal nerve D. A and C Ans: D Spine of sphenoid is related medially to chorda tympanic nerve (secretomotor to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands), laterally to Auriculo temporal nerve (secretomotor to Parotid gland) fracture Secretomotor paralysis of all three salivary glands.
25. The following are the ligaments attached to spine of sphenoid except A. Anterior ligament of m alleus B. Pterygo Mandibular raphe C. Spheno Mandibular ligament D. Pterygo spinous ligament Ans: B
26. Muscles attached to spine of sphenoid are A. Tensor tympani B. Stylohyoid & Styloglossus C. Tensor veli palatini D. A and C Ans: D Spine of sphenoid gives attachment to 3 ligaments 2 tendons 1. Anterior ligament of malleus 1. Tensor veli palatine 2. Sphenomandibular ligament 2. Tensor tympani 3. Pterigospinous ligament
27. Optic foramen transmits A. Oculomotor nerve and ophthalmic arter y B. Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery C. Olfactory nerve and ophthalmic artery D. All of the Above Ans: B Optic canal is seen between the anterior and posterior roots of lesser wing of sphenoid & the body of sphenoid Transmits optic nerve and ophthalmic artery
28. Petrotympanic fissure transmits all except A. Anterior ligament of m alleus B. Chorda tympanic nerve C. Auriculo temporal nerve D. Tympanic branch of maxillary artery Ans: C Petro tympanic fissure is seen in Mandibular fossa. It transmits a) Anterior ligament of malleus b) Chorda tympanic nerve c) Tympanic branch of maxillary artery
29. Choose the true statement about trigeminal impression A. Apex of petrous temporal bone B. Lodges trigeminal ganglion in meckel's cave C. Forms roof of inner ear D. A and B Ans: D
30. Internal acoustic meatus transmits A. VII and VIII cranial nerves B. IX, X and XI cranial nerves C. XII cranial nerve D. All of the Above
Internal acoustic meatus opens above the anterior part of the jugular foramen. It is about 1 cm long and runs transversely in a lateral direction. It is closed laterally by a perforated plate of bone (lamina cribrosa) which separates it from the internal ear. th th It transmits the 7 and 8 cranial nerves and the labyrinthine vessels.
31. Choose the correct match for the given structures attached to styloid process. Hypoglossal Stylohyoid 1. A nerve/ occipital muscle myotome 2.
Stylomandibular ligament
B
Remnant of 2nd branchial arch
3.
Styloglossus muscle
C
Glossopharyngeal nerve
4.
Stylohyoid ligament
D
Facial nerve
5.
Stylopharyngeus muscle
E
Investing layer of deep cervical fascia
A. B. C. D.
1 – E. 2 – B, 3 – D, 4 – A, 5 – C 1 – D, 2 – C, 3 – A, 4 – E, 5 – B 1 – D, 2 – E, 3 – A, 4 – B, 5 – C 1 – E, 2 – C, 3 – D, 4 – A, 5 – B
Ans: C
32. Stylomastoid foramen transmits
A. B. C. D.
Vestibulo cochlear nerve Facial nerve Stylomastoid branch of posterior auricular artery B and C
Ans: D Stylomastoid foramen is between styloid & mastoid process & transmits facial nerve & stylomastoid branch of posterior auricular artery
33. Surgical incision of subcutaneous abscess behind the ear in children below 2 year of age may injure A. Vagus nerve B. Carotid artery C. Facial nerve D. Vestibulo cochlear nerve Ans: C Mastoid process starts developing after birth and is completed by two years. So during incision for drainage of post auricular abscess, facial nerve emerging from stylomastoid foramen (superficially placed: absence of mastoid process) may be injured.
34. Tympanic cavity with 3 ear ossicles are of adult size A. By puberty B. At birth C. By 35 years of age D. Constantly growing Ans: B Tympanic cavity, mastoid antrum, ear ossicles are of full adult size at birth
35. Maxillary hiatus is reduced in size by A. Uncinate process of ethmoid B. Maxillary process of inferior nasal concha C. Maxillary process of perpendicular plate of palatine bone D. All of the Above Ans: D Maxillary hiatus is a large and irregular opening on medial surface of maxilla, leading to maxillary sinus. Above mentioned parts of bone reduce its size and it is further reduced by mucus membrane in upper part.
36. Hard palate is formed by __________ & _______________ Ans: Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone
37. Incisive fossa transmits A. Greater palatine vessels B. Lesser palatine vessels C. Naso palatine nerve D. A and C Ans: D Incisive fossa is at inter maxillary suture behind central incisors transmitting greater palatine vessels and naso palatine nerve
38. Pre A. B. C. D.
maxilla is developed from Maxillary process Mandibular process Fronto-nasal process All of the Above
Ans: C The face is developed by three processes viz. Fronto nasal process, maxillary processes and Mandibular process. Hard palate is developed from: Fronto nasal process (Pre- maxilla) and maxillary process (Rest of hard palate)
39. Match the following ligaments attached to mandible
A. B. C. D.
1 – D. 2 – B, 1 – D, 2 – C, 1 – D, 2 – A, 1 – D, 2 – C,
1.
Pterygo Mandibular raphe
A
Lingual
2.
Spheno mandibular ligament
B
Angle of mandible
3.
Stylomandibular ligament
C
Neck
4.
Capsule temporo mandibular
D
Behind 3rd molar
of
3 – C, 4 – A 3 – A, 4 – B 3 – B, 4 – C 3 – B, 4 – A
Ans: C
40. Lingual nerve is related to A. Inner alveolar border behind third m olar B. Above the posterior end of mylohyoid line C. Medial side of the neck
D. A and B Ans: D
41. Which statement is true about aurilculo temporal nerve A. Is a branch of mandibular nerve B. Related to neck of mandible C. Secretomotor to parotid gland D. All of the Above Ans: D Auriculo temporal nerve is a sensory branch from posterior division of mandibular nerve related to neck of mandible and is secretomotor to parotid gland.
42. The following arteries are related to the mandible A. Lingual artery B. Facial artery C. Maxillary artery D. A and C Facial artery loops in sub Mandibular fossa & maxillary artery medial to neck.
43. Angle of mandible in infants is ο A. 90 ο B. 175 ο C. 65 D. None of the above Ans: B ο Infants - 160 - 175 ο Adults - 90 ο Old age - 140
44. Mandible is ossified by A. Meckel's cartilage B. Mental ossicles C. Secondary cartilage attached to meckel’s cartilage D. All of the Above Ans: D Meckel's cartilage Mandibular to metal foramen Mental ossicles anterior aspect of body, symphysis menti Secondary cartilages attached above Mandibular foramen
ramus of mandible
45. Choose the un correct statement about mental foramen A. Present between 1st & 2nd premolars B. Present near lower border of mandible in old age C. Transmits mental vessels and nerves D. Present at centre between upper & lower border of today Ans: B Rests of statements are true about mental foramen
46. Match the following muscles and their corresponding insertions. 1.
Lateral pterygoid
A
Coronoid process
2.
Masseter
B
Outer surface of ramus
3.
Temporalis
C
Pterygoid fovea
4.
Medial pterygoid
D
Inner surface of ramus
A. 1 – A. 2 – B, 3 – C, 4 – D B. 1 – B, 2 – D, 3 – A, 4 – B C. 1 – D, 2 – A, 3 – B, 4 – C D. 1 – C, 2 – B, 3 – A, 4 – D Ans. D
47. Parietal tuber corresponds to A. Supra marginal gyrus B. Wernicke's sensory speech area C. Posterior to posterior ramus of lateral sulcus D. All of the Above Ans. D
48. Petro - tympanic fissure transmits all except A. Anterior ligament of m alleus B. Chorda tympanic nerve C. Spheno Mandibular ligament D. Tympanic branch of maxillary artery Ans: C rd Which extends between spine of sphenoid of mandible behind 3 molar.
49. Spine of sphenoid fracture leads to secretomotor paralysis of
A. B. C. D.
Sub Mandibular salivary gland Sub lingual salivary gland Parotid salivary gland All of the Above
Ans. D Injury to chorda tympanic nerve related medially secretomotor to sublingual and submandibular gland. And injury to auriculotemporal ner ve related laterally secretom otor to parotid gland.
50. Correct statement about anterior fontanelle A. Helps in age determination B. Hydrated status of child & Intracranial tension C. Used to determine position of fetal head during parturition D. All of the Above Ans. D Closed indicates child > 2yrs Dehydrated – sunken Increased intracranial tension – bulging. EMBRYOLOGY 51. The primary oocytes completes I – meiotic division and get converted into secondary oocyte at A. Birth B. Shortly before ovulation C. At puberty D. By menarche Primordial germ cell Primary oocytes st Just before ovulation 1 meiotic division Prolonged prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase After fertilisation 2 meiotic division ootid st Primary oocyte completes prophase of 1 meiotic division at birth and enters into prolonged resting phase (dictyolene stage) unit shortly before ovulation. nd
52. The 1st polar body formed along with secondary oocyte to A. Get fertilised with sperm B. Eliminate extra chromosomes during meiotic divison C. To eliminate all cytoplasm from secondary oocytes
D. All of the above Ans: B Primary oocyte (2n)
Secondary oocyte(n) with all cytoplasm of primary oocyte
st
1 polar body scanty cytoplasm
with
Formed to eleminate extra chromosome at st end of 1 meiosis division Present in perivitelline space.
nd
53. Secondary oocyte completes 2 meiotic division A. After fertilization B. After ovulation C. At puberty D. After formation of morula Ans:A
54. The mature ovum after ovulation is covered by _________ A. Vitelline membrane B. Zona pellucicle & Corona radiates C. A and B D. None of the above Ans: C Mature ovum has 3 protective coverings which has to be dissolved by sperm to fertilize the ovum Vitelline membrane – plasma membrane Zona pellucida – amorphous material rich in glycoprotein Corona radiata – cells of graffian follicle -cumulus oopherus.
55. At A. B. C. D.
the end of single oogenesis, number of mature ovum formed are Four Two One Sixteen
Ans: C Because of formation of polar bodies in perivitelline space which helps in excluding excess st chromosomes during the 1 meiosis.
56. After ovulation graffian follicle is converted into A. Atretic follicle B. Primary follicle C. Corpus luteum D. All of the above Ans: C
57. Spermatogenesis takes place at A. Testis B. Prostate C. Seminal vesicle D. Ovary Ans: A Testis are the male gonads which produce spermatozoa and testicular hormones
58. Spermatogenesis consists of A. Spermatocytosis B. Meiosis C. Spermiogenesis D. All of the above
-
Ans: D Spermatogenesis is a process of conversion of primordial germ cells into spermatozoa. It consists of Spermatocytosis in which Primordial germ cells Mitosis
Meiosis:
primary spermatocyte
Secondary Spermatocyte Spermatids
Spermiogenesis where nonmotile spermatids are converted into motile spermatozoa.
59. Head of mature spermatozoa is made up A. Acrosomal cap B. Nucleus C. Axial filaments D. A and C Ans: D Mature spermatozoa consists of following parts: Head – nucleus and acrosomal cap (derived from golgi apparatus) Neck – 1 centriole and 2 cylinders Body- axial filaments, mitochondrial sheath, cytoplasm and cell membrane fibrous sheath. Tail – axial filaments, cytoplasm and cell membrane End piece – fibrous sheath and absent.
60. Ovulation rupture of graffin follicle is caused by A. Oestrogen surge B. Progesterone surge C. LH stage D. None of the above Ovulation is because of LH (luteinising harmones) increased secretion from anterio pituitary.
61. The vitelline black function is A. To prevent other sperms binding of ovum B. Prevents polyspermy C. Favours further zygote development D. B and C
After fertilisation of ovum by a single sperm, the cortical granulesof ovum modifies the vitelline membrane and acts as ‘vitelline block’ which prevents polyspermy (other sperms to enter into fertilised ovum)
62. Choose correct statement about effects of fertilization. A. Restore diploid number of chrom osomes in zygote B. Completion of second meiotic division of female gamete C. Determination of chromosomal sex, polarity of embryo D. All of the above
63. A. B. C. D.
Fertilization age of fetus Menstrual age 40 weeks Two weeks less than menstrual age of fetus 280 days
The date of pregnancy is calculated from the first day of cast menstrual period – menstrual age
= 40 weeks/280days. Fertilisation age of fetus = menstrual age - 14 because ovulation takes place about 14 days after menstruation.
64. Germinal period includes A. First to third week of developm ent B. Cleavage division to formation of trilaminar germ disc. C. Implantation D. All of the above Gestational period is divided into 3 stages: Germinal period/pre-embryonic period – from 1-3 weeks th th Embryonic period -4 to 8 week rd Foetal period – 3 month to termination of pregnancy.
65. 12-16 cells stage of embryo is called A. Blastula B. Morula C. Blastocyst D. None of the above 12-16 cell stage of development is called morula because of its resemblance to mulberry.
66. Outer cell mass in a blastocyst gives rise A. Trophoblast B. Meant for protection C. Helps in nourishment of developing fetus D. All of the above
67. _______ is single layered fetal membrane A. Chorion B. Amnion C. Decidus D. Trophoblast
68. Inner cells mass in blastocyst give rise to A. Embryo proper B. Protective coverings C. Placenta D. None of the above Blastoyst with cavity blastocele by 2 sets of cells: Trophoblast –give rise to protective and nurishing parts to fetus Inner cell mass/ embryoblast develops into fetus/embryo proper.
69. Choose correct statement about Syncytio trophoblast A. Seen external to cytotrophoblast B. Cell membrane of individual cells indistinct C. Is multinucleated protoplasmic mass D. All of the above Trophoblast differentiates into: -
Outer cytophoblast with dstinct cell membrane Inner syncytiotrophoblast – multinucleated mass of protoplasm.
70. Placenta develops in A. Decidua basalis B. Decidua capsularis C. Decidua parietalis D. All of the above Uterine decidua (endometrium after implantation) is divides into 3 parts. -
Decidua basalis at site of implantaties where placenta develops Decidua capsulariesaround rest of blastocyst Decidua parietalis lines rest of uterine cavity.
71. Teritary chorionic villi has A. Cyto and syncytiotrophoblast B. Cyto and syncytiotrophoblast + primary mesoderm C. Cyto and syncytiotrophoblast + primary mesoderm + blood vessels D. All of the above Chorionic villi of placenta is sprouting from chorion. Primary villi – cyto+syncytiotrophoblast Secondary villi - cyto+syncytiotrophoblast + mesodermal core Tertiary villi - cyto+syncytiotrophoblast + mesodermal core + blood vessels in mesodermal core.
72. Prechordal plate indicates A. Is thickening of endodermal layer at cephalic en d of germ disc B. Confers bilateral symmetry of the embryo C. Site of development of mouth and organises of head region. D. All of the above
73. Identify the primary inducer A. Otic placocle B. Auditory vesicle C. Notochord
D. Dorsal tip of blastopore Dorsal lip of blastopore acts as primary induces/organiser/ inductor an d induces development of brain and spinal cord by development of notochord. 74. Remnants of notochord A. Nucleus pulposus B. Apical ligament of dens C. Basi occiput and basisphenoid D. All of the above Notochord acts as an inducer and maker the overlying neural plate (ectoderm) is develop into neural tube give rise to brain and spinal cord notochord disintegrates and above mentioned are its remnants.
75. The disc shaped embryonic dic is converted into cylindrical embryo by A. Head fold B. Tail fold C. Two lateral fold D. All of the above
76. Umbelical cord usually contains A. Three arteries B. Two arteries and one vein C. One artery and two vein D. Three veins Umberlical artery carry deoxygenated blood an veins carry oxygenated blood.
77. The branchial apparatus is compound of A. Ectodermal clefts/grooves B. Branchial arches C. Endodermal pouches D. All of the above The branchial apparatus has above mentioned components and is responsible for development of face, neck, definitive mouth, pharynx and larynx
78. Mesodermal derivative of pharyngeal apparatus A. Skeletal element and muscle masses B. Arterial arches C. Nerve derived form hind brain vesicle D. All of the above
79. A. B. C. D.
Artery of third aortic arch is Stapedial artery Common carotid artery Subclavian artery Pulmonary artery
ARCHES st 1 nd 2 3
rd
4
th
th
5 6
th
ARTERIES Maxillary artery Stapedial artery Common corotid artery and stem of internal carotin artery Right side – right subclavina artery Left side – arch of aorta disappears. Right and left pulmonary artery, Ductus arteriosus in fetal life – ligamentum arteriosum after birth.
th
80. A. B. C. D.
________ is derived from 6 aortic/arterial arch Right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary artery Ductus/ligamentum arteriosum All of the above
A. B. C. D.
Left subclavian artery is derived from Fourth arch artery Left seventh intersegmental artery Dorsal aorta All of the above
A. B. C. D.
Right subclavian artery is developed from th Right 4 arch artery Part of right dorsal aorta th Right 7 intersegmental artery All of the above
A. B. C. D.
Nerve of 1 branchial arch is _______ Mandibular nerve Maxillary nerve Chordatympanic nerve A and C
81.
82.
st
83.
ARCHES 1
st nd
2 rd 3 t 4 t 5 6th 84.
NERVES Mandibular nerve + chorda tympanie nerve facial Glossopharyngeal nerve Superior laryngeal nerve disappears. Right laryngeal nerve.
A. B. C. D.
First arch is also called as Maxillary arch Mandibular arch Hyoid arch Frontonasal arch
A. B. C. D.
Meckel’s cartilage derivates are all Upper lip, upper jaw, palate Anterior ligament of malleus and spheno -mandibular ligament Body of mandible Malleu, incus.
A. B. C. D.
Reichert’s cartilage derivates are all except Malleus, incus Stapes Lesser cornu and superior part of body of hyoid Styloid process, stylohyoid ligament
A. B. C. D.
Skeletal element of third arch give rise to Lesser cornu of hyoid Greater cornu of hyoid Lower part of body of hyoid bone B and C
A. B. C. D.
Following muscles derived from 1 arch except Tensor tympani and palatini Posterior belly of digastric Muscles of mastication Mylohyoid
85.
86.
87.
st
88.
Tensor tympani, tensor veli paratine, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid and 4 muscles of mastication – temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid.
89.
Complete branchial fistula extends between
A. B. C. D.
Common carotid artery of int ernal jugular vein External and internal carotid arteries Posterior of carotid sheath None of the above
Extends between external and internal carotid arteries. Cause: approximation of the second pharyngeal pouch with cleft followed by rupture of closing membrane.
90. A. B. C. D.
Tympani membrane development is from Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm All of the above
Tympanic membrane is tridermal 3 layers has: -
91. A. B. C. D.
Outer cuticular layer – from ectoderm – first branchial cleft st Middle fibrous layer – mesoderm of 1 pharyngeal membrane. Inner mucous layer – tubotympanic recess of endoderm.
Thymus develops from Third pharyngeal pouch Stem cell of bone marrow rd Ectoderm of 3 arch A and B rd
- Thymus develops along with parathyroid III (inferiour parathyroid) from 3 endodermal pharyngeal pouch – cytoreticulum and hassal’s corpuscles - Lymphocytes appear in thymic rudiments from stem cells of bone marrows.
92. A. B. C. D.
Tongue develops from Lingual swelling Tuberculum impar Hypo branchial eminence All of the above
Mucous membrane of tongue develops from: st
-
2 lingual swelling – at 1 arch – supplied by lingual branch of mandibular nerve
-
Tuberculum impar – junction of 1 and 2 arch – supply of chorda tympanic nerve – pretematic st nerve of 1 arch
-
Hypobranchial eminece – at 2 , 3 , 4 arch level nerves..
st
nd
nd
rd
th
- supplied by glossopharyngeal and vagus
93. A. B. C. D.
Fronto nasal process derivatives are all except Alae and septum of nose Upper lip – lateral part Phillrum of upper lip Primitive palate. Because it is derived from maxillary process
94. Maxillary process derivates are all except A. Upper lip B. Lower lip C. Upper jaw D. Upper cheek Because derived by mandibular process
95. A. B. C. D.
Mandibular arch give rise to all except Lower jaw Lower lip Lower cheek None of the above
96. Non union of lingual swelling lead to A. Aglossia B. Bifid tongue C. Microglossia D. Ankyloglossia 97. Choose the notochordal remnant A. Neural tube B. Nucleus pulposus C. Cerebrum D. All of the Above Notochordal remnants – nucleus pulposus apical ligament of dent
98. Development of neural tube is induced by A. Blastopore B. Notochord C. Neural crest cells D. All of the Above
99. Chorion constitutes all except A. Somatopleuric primary mesoderm B. Sphlanchnopleuric primary mesoderm C. Cytotrophoblast D. Syncytiotrophoblast Other 3 layers constituent’s Chorion
100. A. B. C. D.
Name the cavity developing enormously during fetal development Yolk sac Amniotic cavity Extra embryonic coelom Intra embryonic coelom
Amniotic cavity develops all around developing em bryo, rest diminished in size.
