C. Riedinger - An easy way to learn muscles
Muscles of the arm name
biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis
meaning
biceps of the arm
muscle of the arm
muscle of the arm and coracoid process
body part
insertion
arm
arm
anterior, intermediat e
arm
anterior, deep
muscle of arm with three heads
arm
anconeous
muscle attached to elbow
forearm / arm
Anterior
biceps brachii
origin
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (through sleeve of synovial tissue in anterior, intertubercular /bicipital superficial groove of humerus, short head: coracoid process, joins long head midway down arm
triceps brachii
long head
layer / location
distal half of anterior humeral shaft and medial intermuscular septum
via common tendon into the bicipical tuberosity of radius. Medial side: via bicipital musculocutaneous aponeurosis into deep fascia of medial forearm and subcutaneous border of ulna via strong tendon into coronoid process of ulna
musculocutaneous
tip of coracoid process medial aspect mid-shaft of scapula (with short musculocutaneous of humerus head of biceps)
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, posterior, lateral and medial head: single posterior surface of muscle humerus, medial head in lateral groove posterior, superficial
nerve supply
tendon to olecranon process of ulna
posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of lateral side of olecranon humerus
radial nerve
blood supply
function
brachial artery
supinator of forearm when elbow is flexed, flexes elbow in fully supinated position. Shoulder: stabilises and minor flexion
radial recurrent artery
flexor of elbow
brachial artery
adducts shoulder (to hold things under arm), weak flexor of shoulder joint
deep brachial artery
extends elbow
radial nerve
Posterior short head
coracobrachialis
long head
lateral head
triceps brachii
medial head
brachialis anconeus
(musculocutaneous nerve)
(radial nerve)
assists extension of elbow
C. Riedinger - An easy way to learn muscles
Muscles of the forearm (anterior side) name
meaning
pronator teres
cylindrical pronator
flexor carpi radialis
flexor of carpal bones on radial side
layer / location
body part
origin
insertion
forearm
maximum convexity of CFO and distal part of radius at midpoint of the supradcondylar lateral aspect of bone anterior, ridge of humerus, deep: (I.e. halfway along superficial medial aspect of forearm, mid-shaft, coronoid process of roughening of lateral ulna surface)
forearm
anterior, superficial
palmaris longus
long palmar muscle
forearm
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor of carpal bones on ulnar side
forearm
flexor digitorum superficialis
superficial flexor of fingers
forearm
CFO
bases of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
nerve supply
blood supply
function
median nerve
ulnar and radial artery
pronates the forearm, (also flexes elbow)
ulnar artery
with FCU to flex wrist, with radial extensors to abduct the wrist, stabilises wrist
ulnar artery
tenses palmar fascia and flexes the wrist
ulnar artery
adducts and flexes the wrist
ulnar artery
strong flexor of wrist and fingers (not distal interphalangeal joint), weak flexor of elbow
median nerve
palmar aponeurosis, superficial tendon CFO median nerve adherent to flexor retinaculum pisiform (=sesamoid bone in its tendon!) with extension to hook of CFO and medial mar gin gin hamate (pisohamate anterior, of olecranon process of ligament) and base of ulnar nerve superficial ulna 5th metacarpal (pisometacarpal ligament), and aspect of flexor retinaculum 4 tendons through carpal humeral head: ant aspect tunnel for fingers 2-5. of medial epicondyle of Tendon inserts at base of humerus via CFO, middle phalanx. anterior, Decussation on lateral median nerve intermediat ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna, also: e and medial aspects of extended origin from proximal phalanges for radius FDP tendons to pass through
anterior, superficial
Superficial and intermediate layer LAT LA T pronator teres ter es
MED head of ulna: olecranon trochlear notch
coracoid process of ulna
brachioradials
flexor digitorum superficials (FDS)
(see post. forearm, radial nerve) ulnar head
flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
(palmaris longus not drawn) (all median nerve but FCU which is ulnar nerve)
C. Riedinger - An easy way to learn muscles
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flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus
(all median nerve but FDP, which is 1/2 ulnar nerve)
C. Riedinger - An easy way to learn muscles
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Superficial layer
brachioradialis (radial nerve) MED
LAT
MED
LAT
(all me)
Extensor digitorum communis (EDC) extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRl)
extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRb)
Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
(All post. interosseous branch of radial nerve, except brachioradialis which is radial nerve proper.)
C. Riedinger - An easy way to learn muscles
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supinator
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
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Deep layer
MED
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abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
(All post. interosseous branch of radial nerve)
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dorsal expansion: EDC
(all me)
FDP tendon
lumbricals (ulnar one nearly always multipennate, others unipennate, depends on which nerve supplies them! dorsal interossei (DAB = abduct, bipennate) palmar interossei (P (PAD=adduct, AD=adduct, unipennate)
C. Riedinger - An easy way to learn muscles
Muscles of the hand (palmar/anterior side, eminences) name
meaning
body part
adductor pollicis
adductor of thumb
hand
abductor pollicis brevis
abductor of thumb
hand
flexor pollicis brevis
short thumb flexor
hand
opponens pollicis
opposing muscle of thumb
hand
abductor of little finger
hand
flexor of little finger
hand
opposing muscle of opponens digiti minimi little finger (places against sth else)
hand
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi (brevis)
layer / location
origin
insertion
transverse: anterior body of 3rd metacarpal, thenar oblique: bases of 2nd eminence, and 3rd metacarpals deep and adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones thenar transverse carpal eminence, ligament, scaphoid and trapezium lateral thenar trapezoid, flexor eminence, retinaculum medial trapezium and thenar eminence, transverse carpal deep ligament hypothenar pisiform eminence, superficial hypohamate bone thenar eminence hypothenar hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum eminence
Thenar eminence
nerve supply
blood supply
function
medial side of the base ulnar nerve (deep of the proximal phalanx motor branch) of thumb
depp palmar arch
adducts thumb
radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and thumb extensors
median nerve
superficial palmar arch
abducts thumb
thumb, proximal phalanx
median nerve
superficial palmar arch
flexes thumb
metacarpal bone of thumb on its radial side
median nerve
superficial palmar moves thumb against arch little finger
base of proximal ulnar nerve (deep phalanx of little finger motor branch)
ulnar artery
abducts little finger
ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
ulnar nerve (deep motor branch)
ulnar artery
flexes little finger
medial border of 5th metacarpal
ulnar nerve (deep motor branch)
ulnar artery
moves little finger against thumb
Hypothenar eminence:
(all me)
(whole muscles visible on hand:)
Opponens pollicis
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor pollicis brevis (always median)
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor pollicis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Adductor pollicis
(does not need adductor since it has interossei)
