Neplan Turbines Governor

NEPLAN AG Oberwachtstrasse 2 8700 Küsnacht ZH Switzerland Phone: +41 44 914 36 66 Fax :+41 44 991 19 71 www.neplan.ch [email protected] NEPLAN V555

TURBINE-GOVERNOR MODELS Standard Dynamic Turbine-Governor Systems in NEPLAN Power System Analysis Tool

Contents

General

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Per Unit (p.u.) System: Turbine-Governor Turbine-Governor Diagram Input Signals to the Turbine System: Input Signals to the Governor System: Output Signals to the Turbine System: Output Signals to the Governor System: Inputs <> of TURBINES, STEREOTYPE <> Governor droop signal feedback source Governor control flag for Francis hydro model<> model<> FrancisGovernorControlKin FrancisGovernorControlKind d

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Turbine Models

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TURBINE – CRCMGV Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteamCC TURBINE - DEGOV Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - DEGOV1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - GAST Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGAST TURBINE – GAST1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGAST1 TURBINE - GAST2A Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGAST2 TURBINE - GASTWD Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGASTWD TURBINE - GGOV1

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Contents

General

7

Per Unit (p.u.) System: Turbine-Governor Turbine-Governor Diagram Input Signals to the Turbine System: Input Signals to the Governor System: Output Signals to the Turbine System: Output Signals to the Governor System: Inputs <> of TURBINES, STEREOTYPE <> Governor droop signal feedback source Governor control flag for Francis hydro model<> model<> FrancisGovernorControlKin FrancisGovernorControlKind d

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Turbine Models

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TURBINE – CRCMGV Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteamCC TURBINE - DEGOV Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - DEGOV1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - GAST Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGAST TURBINE – GAST1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGAST1 TURBINE - GAST2A Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGAST2 TURBINE - GASTWD Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGASTWD TURBINE - GGOV1


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Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovCT1 TURBINE - GGOV2 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovCT2 TURBINE – GOV21GEQ Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteam2 TURBINE – GOV22TER Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteamFV4 TURBINE – GOV33TGT Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGast3 TURBINE – GOV34TGF Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGast4 TURBINE – GOVHYDRO1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydro1 TURBINE – GOVHYDRO3 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydro3 TURBINE – GOVHYDROFRANCIS Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroFrancis GovHydroFrancis TURBINE – GOVHYDROIEEE2 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroIEEE2 TURBINE – GOVHYDROPELTON Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroPelton GovHydroPelton TURBINE –HYDROGOVR Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydror TURBINE – GOVSTEAMEU NEPLAN AG Oberwachtstrasse 2 CH 8700 Küsnacht ZH Phone +41 44 914 36 66 66 Fax +41 44 991 19 71

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Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteamEU TURBINE - HYGOV4 Parameters TURBINE - IEEEG1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroIEEE1 TURBINE - IEEEG1 2005 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteam1 TURBINE - IEEEG2 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroIEEE0 TURBINE - IEEEG3 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - IEEEG3 2005 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydro2 TURBINE - IEESGO Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteamSGO TURBINE - IVOGO Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - PIDGOV Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroPID2 TURBINE - TG_P Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - TGOV1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteam0 TURBINE - TGOV2 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: NEPLAN AG Oberwachtstrasse 2 CH 8700 Küsnacht ZH Phone +41 44 914 36 66 Fax +41 44 991 19 71

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- GovSteamFV2 TURBINE - TGOV3 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteamFV3 TURBINE – TGOV5 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - WEHGOV1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroWEH TURBINE - WESGOV Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - WPIDHY Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroWPID TURBINE – WSHYDD Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroDD TURBINE – WSHYGP Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroPID TURBINE - DE1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - GT1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - HT1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - HT2 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE – HYTUR Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: NEPLAN AG Oberwachtstrasse 2 CH 8700 Küsnacht ZH Phone +41 44 914 36 66 66 Fax +41 44 991 19 71

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- No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE – Type ST1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - ST2 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - ST3 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - ST4 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - TYPE 21 Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - TYPE 22 Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE - TYPE 3 Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE – Type 23 Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE – Type 24 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE – Type 25 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model TURBINE – WC Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: No CIM/CGMES model

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Governor Models

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GOVERNOR – HYGOV Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model


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GOVERNOR - SG1 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model GOVERNOR - SG2 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model GOVERNOR - SG3 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model GOVERNOR – SGC Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model GOVERNOR - SG4 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model GOVERNOR - SG5 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model GOVERNOR - SG6 Parameters Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model


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General The turbine-governor model is linked to one or two synchronous generators and determines the shaft mechanical power (PMECH) or torque (TM) f or the generator model. In old Simpow turbine models, the turbine are composed of two models - One Governor (Input = Speed, output = Gate) -

One Turbine (Input = Gate, Output = TM)

In new dynamic simulator the turbine models include the g overnor part. One Turbine (Input Speed, Output = TM) Note: The old Simpow models are also supported in new Dynamic simulator. ENTSO-E, an association of the European electricity transmission system operators, selected the Common Information Model (CIM) standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) as a basis for its own CIM standards. These standards aim at ensuring the reliability of grid models and market information exchanges. In 2013, ENTSO-E adopted a new standard for grid models exchange called the Common Grid Model Exchange Standard (CGMES). The CGMES is a superset of the IEC CIM standards (belonging to IEC CIM16). It was developed to meet necessary requirements for the transmission system operators, which exchange data in the areas of system operations, network planning and integrated electricity markets. All the CIM/CGMES regulators models are included in NEPLAN Power System Analysis Tools.

Per Unit (p.u.) System: All p.u. values are based on the machine ratings.

Turbine-Governor Diagram

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Input Signals to the Turbine System: GATE P W

Gate opening p.u. (only if govenor and turbine are in different regulator model) Active electrical power of generator in p.u. Rotor Speed of the machine in p.u.

Input Signals to the Governor System: P F W

Active electrical power of generator Frequency on the bus in p.u. Speed of the machine in p.u..

Output Signals to the Turbine System: TM

Mechanical torque in pu

Output Signals to the Governor System: GATE

Gate opening p.u.

Inputs <> of TURBINES, STEREOTYPE <> Governor droop signal feedback source <> Droop SignalFeedbackKind <> electricalPower

0

Electrical power feedback (connection indicated as 1 in the block diagrams of models, e.g. GovCT1, GovCT2)

1

No droop signal feedback, is isochronous governor

<> none

2

Fuel valve stroke feedback (true stroke) (connection indicated as 2 in the block diagrams of model, e.g. GovCT1, GovCT2)

<> fuelValveStroke

3

Governor output feedback (requested stroke) (connection indicated as 3 in the block diagrams of models, e.g. GovCT1, GovCT2)

<> governorOutput

Governor control flag for Francis hydro model<> FrancisGovernorControlKind <> mechanicHydrolicTachoAccelerator

0

Mechanic-hydraulic regulator with tacho-accelerometer (Cflag = 1)

1

Mechanic-hydraulic regulator with transient feedback (Cflag=2)

<> mechanicHydraulicTransientFeedback

2

Electromechanical and electrohydraulic regulator (Cflag=3)

<> electromechanicalElectrohydraulic


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Turbine Models

TURBINE – CRCMGV Cross compound turbine governor model.

Parameters NAME RHP RLP PMAXHP PMAXLP DHHP DHLP FHP FLP T1HP T1LP T3HP T3LP T4HP T4LP T5HP T5LP

Type PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds

Description HP governor droop LP governor droop maximum HP value position (on generator base) maximum LP value position (on generator base) HP damping factor (on generator base) LP damping factor (on generator base) fraction of HP power ahead of reheater fraction of LP power ahead of reheater HP governor time constant LP governor time constant HP turbine time constant LP turbine time constant HP turbine time constant LP turbine time constant HP reheater time constant LP reheater time constant

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteamCC NEPLAN AG Oberwachtstrasse 2 CH 8700 Küsnacht ZH Phone +41 44 914 36 66 Fax +41 44 991 19 71

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TURBINE - DEGOV Woodward Diesel Governor

Parameters NAME T1 T2 T3 K10 T4 T5 T6 TMAX TMIN TD

Type Seconds Seconds Seconds PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU Seconds

Description Time constant Time constant Time constant Turbine Gain Time constant Time constant Time constant Maximum limit Minimum limit time delay

Parameters Range: 0 < T1 < 25.0 0 < T2 < 0.5 0 < T3 < 10 15 ≤ K < 25.0 0 < T4 < 25.0 0 < T5 < 10 0 < T6 < 0.5

0 < TD < 0.125 0 ≤ TMAX < 1.5 -0.05 ≤ TMIN < 0.5 If T1 = 0, then T3 = 0

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model


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TURBINE - DEGOV1 Woodward Diesel Governor

Parameters NAME SWM

Type Booleanr

T1 T2 T3 K10 T4 T5 T6 TMAX TMIN TD DROOP TE

Seconds Seconds Seconds PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU Seconds PU Seconds

Description Feedback switch control 0 = Feedback signal is take from siganl V4 1 = Feedback signal is take from siganl V5 Time constant Time constant Time constant Turbine Gain Time constant Time constant Time constant Maximum limit Minimum limit time delay Feedback gain Power time constant

Parameters Range: 0 < T1 < 25.0 0 < T2 < 0.5 0 < T3 < 10 15 ≤ K < 25.0 0 < T4 < 25.0 0 < T5 < 10 0 < T6 < 0.5

0 < TD < 0.125 0 ≤ TMAX < 1.5 -0.05 ≤ TMIN < 0.5 0 ≤ DROOP < 0.1 0 < TE < 1.0 If T1 = 0, then T3 = 0

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - No CIM/CGMES model NEPLAN AG Oberwachtstrasse 2 CH 8700 Küsnacht ZH Phone +41 44 914 36 66 Fax +41 44 991 19 71

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TURBINE - GAST Gas turbine model with governor.

Parameters NAME R T1 T2 T3 AT KT VMAX VMIN DTRUB

Type PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU

Description Permanent droop Governor mechanism time constant Turbine power time constant Turbine exhaust temperature time constant Ambient temperature load limit Temperature limiter gain Maximum turbine power Minimum turbine power Turbine damping factor

Parameters Range: 0 < R < 0.1 0.04 < T1 < 0.5 0.04 < T2 < 0.5 0.04 < T3 < 5.0 0 < AT ≤ 1.0

0 < KT < 5.0 0.5 < VMAX < 1.2 0 ≤ VMIN < 1.0 VMIN < VMAX 0 ≤ DTURB < 0.5

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGAST


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TURBINE – GAST1 Gas turbine model with governor.

Parameters NAME

Type

A B DB1 DB2 EPS FIDLE GV1 GV2 GV3 GV4 GV5 GV6 KA KT LMAX

Float Float PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU

LOADINC LTRATE PGV1 PGV2 PGV3 PGV4 PGV5 PGV6

PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU

Description Turbine power time constant numerator scale factor Turbine power time constant denominator scale factor Intentional dead-band width Unintentional dead-band Intentional db hysteresis Fuel flow at zero power output Nonlinear gain point 1, PU gv Nonlinear gain point 2, PU gv Nonlinear gain point 3, PU gv Nonlinear gain point 4, PU gv Nonlinear gain point 5, PU gv Nonlinear gain point 6, PU gv Governor gain Temperature limiter gain Ambient temperature load limit. It is the turbine power output corresponding to the limiting exhaust gas Valve position change allowed at fast rate Maximum long term fuel valve opening rate Nonlinear gain point 1, PU power Nonlinear gain point 2, PU power Nonlinear gain point 3, PU power Nonlinear gain point 4, PU power Nonlinear gain point 5, PU power Nonlinear gain point 6, PU power


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R RMAX T1

PU PU Seconds

T2

Seconds

T3

Seconds

T4 T5 TLTR VMAX VMIN MWBASE

Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU MW

Permanent droop Maximum fuel valve opening rate Governor mechanism time constant. It represents the natural valve positioning time constant of the governor for small disturbances, as seen when rate limiting is not in effect.. Turbine power time constant . It represents delay due to internal energy storage of the gas turbine engine. T2 can be used to give a rough approximation to the delay associated with acceleration of the compressor spool of a multi-shaft engine, or with the compressibility of gas in the plenum of the free power turbine of an aero-derivative unit, for example. Turbine exhaust temperature time constant. It represents delay in the exhaust temperature and load limiting system. Governor lead time constant Governor lag time constant Valve position averaging time constant Maximum turbine power Minimum turbine power Base for power values

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGAST1


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TURBINE - GAST2A Gas turbine model with governor.

F1 = TR – AF1 (1-WF1) – BF1 (W –1) F2 = AF2 + BF2 (WF2) – CF2 (W –1)

Parameters NAME

Type

KD X Y Z

PU Seconds Seconds Boolean

ETD TCD TRATE T MAX MIN ECR K3 AA BB CC TF KF K5

Seconds Seconds ActivePower Seconds PU PU Seconds PU Float Float Float Seconds PU PU

Description Governor gain (1/DROOP) on turbine rating Governor lead time constant Governor lag time constant Governor mode (Z). 1 = Droop 0 = ISO. Turbine exhausts time constant Gas turbine dynamic time constant Turbine rating Fuel control time constant Maximum limit on turbie rating Minimum limit on turbie rating Combustor time constant Fuel control gain Valve positioner Valve positioner Valve positioner Fuel system time constant feedback gain Radiation shield


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K4 T3 T4 TT T5 AF1 BF1 AF2 BF2 CF2 TR

PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU Seconds

K6 TC

PU Seconds

Radiation shield Radiation shield time constant Thermocouple time constant, seconds Temperature control time constant Temperature control time constant describes the turbine characteristic describes the turbine characteristic describes the turbine characteristic describes the turbine characteristic describes the turbine characteristic Rated temperature. Unit = °F or °C depending on parameters AF1 and BF1 Minimum fuel flow Temperature control. Units = °F or °C depending on constants AF1 and BF1

Parameters Range: 0≤X 0.04 < Y < 0.5 Z≠1 0.5 < Max < 1.8 -0.2 < Min < 0.1 0.5 < K3 < 1 0.5 < A < 50 0.04 < B < 2 0 ≤ c ≤ 1.01 0.05 < TF < 0.8 0 ≤ KF ≤ 1.0 0.05 < K5 < 0.5 0.8 x MBASE ≤ TRATE ≤ 1.05 x MBASE 0 < T ≤ 0.05

10 < T3 < 25 0 ≤ CF2 ≤ 1 1 < T4 < 5 100 < TT < 600 1 < T5 < 5 500 < AF1 < 1000 300 < BF1 < 700 -1 < AF2 < 1 0.9 < BF2 < 1.5 700 < TR < 1050 0.1 < K6 < 0.5 0 < ETD < 0.5 0 < ECR < 0.5 0 < TDC < 0.5

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGAST2


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TURBINE - GASTWD Gas turbine model with governor.

F1 = TR – AF1 (1-WF1) – BF1 (W –1) F2 = AF2 + BF2 (WF2) – CF2 (W –1)

Parameters NAME KDDROOP TD KP KI KD ETD TCD TRATE T MAX MIN ECR K3 AA BB CC TF KF K5 K4 T3 T4 TT

Type PU Seconds PU PU PU Seconds Seconds ActivePower Seconds PU PU Seconds PU Float Float Float Seconds PU PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds

Description Power droop Power time constant Proportional gain Integral gain Derivative gain Turbine exhaust time constant Gas turbine dynamic time constant Turbine rating Fuel control time constant Maximum limit on turbie rating Minimum limit on turbie rating Combustor time constant Fuel control gain Valve positioner Valve positioner Valve positioner Fuel system time constant feedback gain Radiation shield Radiation shield Radiation shield time constant Thermocouple time constant, seconds Temperature control time constant


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T5 AF1 BF1 AF2 BF2 CF2 TR

Seconds PU PU PU PU PU Seconds

K6 TC

PU Seconds

Temperature control time constant describes the turbine characteristic describes the turbine characteristic describes the turbine characteristic describes the turbine characteristic describes the turbine characteristic Rated temperature. Unit = °F or °C depending on parameters AF1 and BF1 Minimum fuel flow Temperature control. Units = °F or °C depending on constants AF1 and BF1

Parameters Range: 0 ≤ KDROOP ≤ 0.1 0 ≤ KP ≤ 20 0 ≤ KI ≤ 10 0 ≤ KD ≤ 20 0.5 < Max < 1.8 -0.2 < Min < 0.1 0.5 < K3 < 1 0.5 < A < 50 0.04 < B < 2 0 ≤ c ≤ 1.01 0.05 < TF < 0.8 0 ≤ KF ≤ 1.0 0.05 < K5 < 0.5 0 < T ≤ 0.05 0.8 x MBASE ≤ TRATE ≤ 1.05 x MBASE

10 < T3 < 25 0 ≤ CF2 ≤ 1 1 < T4 < 5 100 < TT < 600 1 < T5 < 5 500 < AF1 < 1000 300 < BF1 < 700 -1 < AF2 < 1 0.9 < BF2 < 1.5 700 < TR < 1050 0.1 < K6 < 0.5 0 < ETD < 0.5 0 < ECR < 0.5 0 < TDC < 0.5

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGASTWD


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TURBINE - GGOV1 General model for any prime mover with a PID governor, used primarily for combustion turbine and combined cycle units. This model can be used to represent a variety of prime movers controlled by PID governors. It is suitable, for example, for representation of : - Gas turbine and single shaft combined cycle turbines - Diesel engines with modern electronic or digital governors -

Steam turbines where steam is supplied from a large boiler drum or a large header whose pressure is substantially constant over the period under study Simple hydro turbines in dam configurations where the water column length is short and water inertia effects are minimal.

Parameters NAME R TPELEC MAXERR MINERR KPGOV KIGOV KDGOV

Type PU Seconds PU PU PU PU PU

Description Permanent droop Electrical power transducer time constan Maximum value for speed error signal Minimum value for speed error signal Governor proportional gain Governor integral gain Governor derivative gain


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TDGOG VMAX VMIN TACT KTURB WFNL TB TC TENG TFLOAD KPLOAD KILOAD LDREF DM ROPEN RCLOSE KIMW PMWSET ASET KA TA TRATE DB TSA TSB RUP RDOWN RSELECT

Seconds PU PU Seconds PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU ActivePower PU PU Seconds ActivePower PU Seconds Seconds PU PU enum

FLAG

Boolean

Governor derivative controller time constant Maximum valve position limit Minimum valve position limit Actuator time constant Turbine gain No load fuel flow Turbine lag time constant Turbine lead time constant Transport time delay for diesel engine Load Limiter time constant Load limiter proportional gain for PI controller Load limiter integral gain for PI controller Load limiter reference value Speed sensitivity coefficient Maximum valve opening rate Minimum valve opening rate Power controller (reset) gain Power controller setpoint Acceleration limiter setpoint Acceleration limiter gain Acceleration limiter time constant Base for power values Speed governor dead band Temperature detection lead time constant Temperature detection lag time constant Maximum rate of load limit increase (Not used in NEPLAN) Maximum rate of load limit decrease (Not used in NEPLAN) Feedback signal for droop (Rselect). Typical Value = electricalPower Switch for fuel source characteristic. 0 = fuel flow independent of speed 1 = fuel flow proportional to speed.

Notes

1. Per unit parameters are on base of TRATE, which is normally the MW capability of the turbine. 2. The range of fuel valve travel and of fuel flow is unity. Thus the largest possible value of VMAX is 1.0 and the smallest possible value of VMIN is zero. VMAX may, however, be reduced below unity to represent a loading limit that may be imposed by the operator or a supervisory control system. For gas turbines VMIN should normally be greater than zero and less than WFNL to represent a minimum firing limit. The value of the fuel flow at maximum output must be less than, or equal to unity, depending on the value of KTURB. 3. The parameter TENG is provided for use in representing diesel engines where there is a small but measurable transport delay between a change in fuel flow setting and the development of torque. Teng should be zero in all but special cases where this transport delay is of particular concern. NEPLAN AG Oberwachtstrasse 2 CH 8700 Küsnacht ZH Phone +41 44 914 36 66 Fax +41 44 991 19 71

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4. The parameter FLAG is provided to recognize that fuel flow, for a given fuel valve stroke, can be proportional to engine speed. This is the case for GE gas turbines and for diesel engines with positive displacement fuel injectors. Wfspd should be set to unity for all GE gas turbines and most diesel engines. FLAG should be set to zero where it is known that the fuel control system keeps fuel flow independent of the engine speed. 5. The load limiter module may be used to impose a maximum output limit such as an exhaust temperature limit. To do this the time constant TFLOAD should be set to represent the time constant in the measurement of temperature (or other signal), and the gains of the limiter, KPLOAD, KILOAD, should be set to give prompt stable control when on limit. The load limit can be deactivated by setting the parameter LDREF to a high value. 6. The parameter DM can represent either the variation of the engine power with the shaft speed or the variation of maximum power capability with shaft speed. If DM is positive it describes the falling slope of the engine speed verses power characteristic as speed increases. A slightly falling characteristic is typical for reciprocating engines and some aero-derivative turbines. If DM is negative the engine power is assumed to be unaffected by the shaft speed, but the maximum permissible fuel flow is taken to fall with falling shaft speed. This is characteristic of single-shaft industrial turbines due to exhaust temperature limits. 7. This model includes a simple representation of a supervisory load controller. This controller is active if the parameter KIMW is non-zero. The load controller is a slow acting reset loop that adjusts the speed/load reference of the turbine governor to hold the electrical power output of the unit at its initial condition value. This value is stored in the parameter PMWSET when the model is initialized, and can be changed thereafter. The load controller must be adjusted to respond gently relative to the speed governor. A t ypical val ue for KIMW is 0.01, cor responding to a r eset tim e of 100 seconds. 8. The parameters ASET, KA, and TA describe an acceleration limiter. TA must be non zero, but the acceleration limiter can be disabled by setting ASET to a large value, such as 1. 9. The parameter, DB, is the speed governor dead band. This parameter is stated in terms of per unit speed. In the majority of applications, it is recommended that this value be set to zero. 10. The parameters TSA and TSB, are provided to augment the exhaust gas temperature measurement subsystem in gas turbines. For example, they may be set to values such as 4., 5., to represent the ‘radiation shield’ element of large gas turbines. If both parameters are omitted, they default to 1.0. 11. The parameters RUP and RDOWN specify the maximum rate of increase and decrease of the output of the load limit controller (KPLOAD/KILOAD). These parameters should normally be set, or defaulted to 99/-99, but may be given particular values to represent the temperature limit controls of some GE heavy-duty engine controls. If both parameters are omitted, they default to 99 and –99. (In NEPLAN the parameters RUP and RDOWN are not used) 12. The fuel flow command fsr is determined by whichever is lowest of fsrt, fsra, and fsrn. Although not explicitly shown in the GGOV1 diagram, the signals that are not in NEPLAN AG Oberwachtstrasse 2 CH 8700 Küsnacht ZH Phone +41 44 914 36 66 Fax +41 44 991 19 71

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control track fsr so that they do not “windup” beyond that value. This represents GE gas turbine control practice but may not be true for other controller designs. 13. As shown in the GGOV1 diagram, when KPGOV is non-zero, the governor PI control is implemented to “track” fsr to prevent windup when fsr is limited by another signal (fsrt, fsra) or VMAX/VMIN. If KPGOV is zero, the integral path is implemented directly. The same applies to the load limiter PI control with regard to KPLOAD. 14. PREF has units of p.u. speed.

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovCT1


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TURBINE - GGOV2 General governor model with frequency-dependent fuel flow limit. This model is a modification of the GovCT1 model in order to represent the frequency-dependent fuel flow limit of a specific gas turbine manufacturer.

Parameters NAME R TPELEC MAXERR MINERR KPGOV KIGOV KDGOV TDGOG VMAX VMIN TACT KTURB WFNL

Type PU Seconds PU PU PU PU PU Seconds PU PU Seconds PU PU

Description Permanent droop Electrical power transducer time constan Maximum value for speed error signal Minimum value for speed error signal Governor proportional gain Governor integral gain Governor derivative gain Governor derivative controller time constant Maximum valve position limit Minimum valve position limit Actuator time constant Turbine gain No load fuel flow


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TB TC TENG TFLOAD KPLOAD KILOAD LDREF DM ROPEN RCLOSE KIMW PMWSET ASET KA TA TRATE DB TSA TSB RUP RDOWN PRATE FLIM1 PLIM1 FLIM2 PLIM2 FLIM3 PLIM3 FLIM4 PLIM4 FLIM5 PLIM5 FLIM6 PLIM6 FLIM7 PLIM7 FLIM8 PLIM8 FLIM9 PLIM9 FLIM10 PLIM10 RSELECT

Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU ActivePower PU PU Seconds ActivePower PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU Frequency PU Frequency PU Frequency PU Frequency PU Frequency PU Frequency PU Frequency PU Frequency PU Frequency PU Frequency PU enum

FLAG

boolean

Turbine lag time constant Turbine lead time constant Transport time delay for diesel engine Load Limiter time constant Load limiter proportional gain for PI controller Load limiter integral gain for PI controller Load limiter reference value Speed sensitivity coefficient Maximum valve opening rate Minimum valve opening rate Power controller (reset) gain Power controller setpoint Acceleration limiter setpoint Acceleration limiter gain Acceleration limiter time constant Base for power values Speed governor dead band Temperature detection lead time constant Temperature detection lag time constant Maximum rate of load limit increase (Not used in NEPLAN) Maximum rate of load limit decrease (Not used in NEPLAN) Ramp rate for frequency-dependent power limit Frequency threshold 1 Power limit 1 Frequency threshold 2 Power limit 2 Frequency threshold 3 Power limit 3 Frequency threshold 4 Power limit 4 Frequency threshold 5 Power limit 5 Frequency threshold 6 Power limit 6 Frequency threshold 7 Power limit 7 Frequency threshold 8 Power limit 8 Frequency threshold 9 Power limit 9 Frequency threshold 10 Power limit 10 Feedback signal for droop (Rselect). Typical Value = electricalPower Switch for fuel source characteristic. 0 = fuel flow independent of speed 1 = fuel flow proportional to speed.


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Notes 1. The frequency-dependent limit reduces the VMAX limit on fuel flow signal (fsr). For normal operation, the limiter performs no action. When frequency (generator speed) drops below FLIM1, the highest frequency data point, the desired value for the power limit (PLIM) is determined by linear interpolation between associated data pairs. The maximum value of the limiter (VMAX) will ramp to the fsr value corresponding to PLIM (PLIM / KTURB + WFNL) at the PRATE ramp rate. PLIM will be updated as frequency changes. If frequency subsequently rises back above FLIM1, the value of the limit will ramp up at the rate PRATE back to the normal value of VMAX. 2. The frequency-dependent limit is defined by a set of up to 10 pairs of points relating frequency (generator speed in Hz.) and power. The points must be monotonically decreasing in both the magnitude of frequency and power. If fewer than 10 points are needed to define the relationship, values of zero must be entered for the remaining frequencies and power limits. The value of the last non-zero data pair are used as a lower limit, that is, the last two values are not extrapolated to calculate lower power limits. If there is only one set of frequency and power limit, those values will be used as a single limit of power applied at that frequency and below. 3. Refer to GGOV1 model for other notes. Aside from the frequency-dependent limt, GGOV2 is identical to GGOV1, except that the temperature fuel command fsrt does not track fsr when it is not in control. Instead, it stays at its upper limit (1.). 4. The KPGOV/KIGOV and KPLOAD/KILOAD controllers include tracking logic to ensure smooth transfer between active controllers . This logic is not shown on the GGOV2 diagram.

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovCT2


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TURBINE – GOV21GEQ Simplified governor model

Parameters NAME K DBF PMAX PMIN T1 T2 MNEF MXEF

Type Simple Float pu pu pu Seconds Seconds pu pu

Description Governor gain (reciprocal of droop) Frequency dead band Maximum fuel flow Minimum fuel flow Governor lag time constant Governor lead time constant Fuel flow maximum negative error value Fuel flow maximum positive error value

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteam2


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TURBINE – GOV22TER Detailed electro-hydraulic governor for steam unit

Parameters NAME

Type

KF1 KF3 LPS LPI CRMX CRMN KPT KIT RVGMX RVGMN SVMX SVMN SRMX SRMN KPP KIP RSMIMX RSMIMN KMP1 KMP2 SRSMP YHPMX YHPMN TAM Y

pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu Seconds pu

YMPMX

pu

Description Frequency bias (reciprocal of droop) Frequency control (reciprocal of droop) Maximum positive power error Maximum negative power error Maximum value of regulator set-point Minimum value of regulator set-point Proportional gain of electro-hydraulic regulator Integral gain of electro-hydraulic regulator Maximum value of integral regulator Minimum value of integral regulator Maximum regulator gate opening velocity Maximum regulator gate closing velocity Maximum valve opening Minimum valve opening Proportional gain of pressure feedback regulator Integral gain of pressure feedback regulator Maximum value of integral regulator Minimum value of integral regulator First gain coefficient of intercept valves characteristic Second gain coefficient of intercept valves characteristic Intercept valves characteristic discontinuity point Maximum control valve position Minimum control valve position Intercept valves rate opening time Coefficient of linearized equations of turbine (Stodola formulation) Maximum intercept valve position


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YMPMN TPH TRH TMP KHP PR1 PR2

pu Seconds Seconds Seconds pu pu pu

PSMN KPC KIC KDC TDC CPSMX CPSMN KRC TF1 TF2 KSH TY TV TA TC TCM MXEF MNEF

pu pu pu pu Seconds pu pu pu Seconds Seconds pu Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds pu pu

Minimum intercept valve position High pressure (HP) time constant of the turbine Reheater time constant of the turbine Low pressure (LP) time constant of the turbine Fraction of total turbine output generated by HP part First value of pressure set point static characteristic Second value of pressure set point static characteristic, corresponding to Ps0 = 1.0 PU Minimum value of pressure set point static characteristic Proportional gain of pressure regulator Integral gain of pressure regulator Derivative gain of pressure regulator Derivative time constant of pressure regulator Maximum value of pressure regulator output Minimum value of pressure regulator output Maximum variation of fuel flow Time constant of fuel regulation Time constant of steam chest Pressure loss due to flow friction in the boiler tubes Control valves servo time constant Boiler time constant Control valves rate opening time Control valves rate closing time Intercept valves rate closing time Upper limit for frequency correction Lower limit for frequency correction

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteamFV4


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TURBINE – GOV33TGT Generic turbogas with acceleration and temperature controller

Parameters NAME

Type

BP TG RCMX RCMN KY TY TAC KAC TC BCA KCA DTC*

pu Seconds pu pu pu Seconds Seconds pu Seconds pu pu pu

KA TSI KSI TIC TFEN TD TT MXEF MNEF

pu Seconds pu Seconds pu Seconds Seconds pu pu

Description Droop Time constant of speed governor Maximum fuel flow Minimum fuel flow Coefficient of transfer function of fuel valve positioner Time constant of fuel valve positioner Fuel control time constant Fuel system feedback Compressor discharge volume time constant Acceleration limit set-point Acceleration control integral gain Exhaust temperature variation due to fuel flow increasing from 0 to 1 PU Minimum fuel flow Time constant of radiation shield Gain of radiation shield Time constant of thermocouple Turbine rated exhaust temperature correspondent to Pm=1 pu Temperature controller derivative gain Temperature controller integration rate Fuel flow maximum positive error value Fuel flow maximum negative error value


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Notes

Exhaust Temparature 

Function for exhaust temperature calculation:

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGast3


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TURBINE – GOV34TGF Generic turbogas

Parameters NAME BP TY TA KM TC TCM TM MXEF MNEF RYMX RYMN

Type pu Seconds Seconds pu Seconds Seconds Seconds pu pu pu pu

Description Droop Time constant of fuel valve positioner Maximum gate opening velocity Compressor gain Maximum gate closing velocity Fuel control time constant Compressor discharge volume time constant Fuel flow maximum positive error value Fuel flow maximum negative error value Maximum valve opening Minimum valve opening

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovGast4


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TURBINE – GOVHYDRO1 IEEE Simplified Hydro Governor-Turbine Model.

Parameters NAME DTRUB TW AT QNL RBIG RSMALL TR TF TG VELM GMAX GMIN

Type PU Second PU PU PU PU Second Second Second PU PU PU

Description Turbine damping factor Water inertia time constant Turbine gain No-load flow at nominal head Permanent droop Temporary droop Washout time constant Filter time constant Gate servo time constant Maximum gate velocity Maximum gate opening Minimum gate opening

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydro1 NEPLAN AG Oberwachtstrasse 2 CH 8700 Küsnacht ZH Phone +41 44 914 36 66 Fax +41 44 991 19 71

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TURBINE – GOVHYDRO3 Modified IEEE Hydro Governor-Turbine Model. This model differs from that defined in t he IEEE modeling guideline paper in that the limits on gate position and velocity do not permit "wind up" of the upstream signals

Parameters NAME AT DB1 DB2 DTURB EPS

Type pu pu pu pu Pu

Description Turbine gain Intentional dead-band width Unintentional dead-band Turbine damping factor Intentional db hysteresis


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CFLAG

Boolean

GV1 GV2 GV3 GV4 GV5 GV6 HO K1 K2 KG KI PVG1 PVG2 PVG3 PVG4 PVG5 PVG6 PMAX PMIN QNL RELEC RGATE TD TF TP TT TW VELEC VELOP

pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu pu Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Simple Float Simple Float

Governor control flag, if CFLAG=1 PID control is active, else (CFLAG=0) double derivate control is active Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 3 Nonlinear gain point 4 Nonlinear gain point 5 Nonlinear gain point 6 Turbine nominal head Derivative gain Double derivative gain, if Cflag = -1 Gate servo gain Integral gain Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 3 Nonlinear gain point 4 Nonlinear gain point 5 Nonlinear gain point 6 Maximum gate opening Minimum gate opening No-load turbine flow at nominal head Steady-state droop for electrical power feedback Steady-state droop for governor output feedback Input filter time constant Washout time constant Gate servo time constant Power feedback time constant Water inertia time constant Maximum gate closing velocity Maximum gate opening velocity

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydro3


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TURBINE – GOVHYDROFRANCIS Hydro unit, Francis model

Parameters NAME

Type

AM* BP DB1 ETAMAX CFLAG ***

pu pu pu pu enum

KC KG

pu pu

KT QC0 TA TD TS TWNC TWNG TX VA VALVMAX

pu pu Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Simple Float pu

Description at the maximum efficiency, used in (*)

Opening section Droop Intentional dead-band width Maximum efficiency Governor control flag (Cflag). Typical Value = mechanicHydrolicTachoAccelerator Penstock loss coefficient (due to friction) Water tunnel and surge chamber loss coefficient (due to friction) Washout gain No-load turbine flow at nominal head Derivative gain Washout time constant Gate servo time constant Water inertia time constant Water tunnel and surge chamber inertia time constant Derivative feedback gain Maximum gate opening velocity Maximum gate opening


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VALVMIN VC TFLAG

pu Simple Float Boolean

ZSFC QN HN AV1** AV2** H1**

float m /s m float float float

H2**

float

MWBASE

MW

Minimum gate opening Maximum gate closing velocity Water tunnel and surge chamber simulation, if TFLAG=1 (switch ON) enable of water tunnel and surge chamber simulation, else (switch OFF) inhibit of water tunnel and surge chamber simulation Head of upper water level respect to the level of penstock Rated flow Rated hydraulic head Area of the surge tank Area of the compensation tank Head of compensation chamber water level with respect to the level of penstock Head of surge tank water level with respect to the level of penstock Base for power values

Notes

1. This model can be used to represent three types of governors. 2. Governors per unit parameters are on base of MW capability of the turbine. 3. Rated hydraulic head Hn [m] an rated flow [m3/s] are t he design parameters of the hydraulic system capability in CIM/CGMES manual, these not are indicated in NEPLAN manual. 4. Hydraulic system head attributes (Zsfc, H1, H2) are in meters but in the block diagram are in per unit on base of Hn. 5. Hydraulic area attributes (Av1, Av2) are in square meters but in the block diagram are in per unit on base of Qn/Hn [m2/s], in CIM/CGMES model the . 6. omega has units of per unit speed. 7. Non-linear gain and efficiency equations shown below Non Linear Gain and Efficiency 



**Non linear gain:

*Efficiency:


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The following figure shows the deteiled hydro model for the hydraulic system, note that in the original CIM/CGMES figure the

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroFrancis


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TURBINE – GOVHYDROIEEE2 GOVHYDROIEEE2 IEEE hydro turbine t urbine governor model represents plants with straightforward penstock configurations and hydraulic-dashpot hydraulic-dashpot governors.

Parameters NAME UO UC TG TP UO UC PMAX PMIN RPERM RTEMP TR TW BTURB ATURB KTURB GV1 GV2 GV3 GV4 GV5 GV6 PGV1 PGV2 PGV3 PGV4 PGV5 PGV6 MWBASE

Type Float Float Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU MW

Description Maximum gate opening velocity Maximum gate closing velocity Gate servo time constant Pilot servo valve time constant Maximum gate opening velocity Minimum gate opening velocity Maximum gate opening Minimum gate opening Permanent droop Temporary droop Dashpot time constant Water inertia time constant Turbine denominator multiplier Turbine numerator numerator multiplier multiplier Turbine gain Nonlinear gain point 1, PU gv Nonlinear gain point 2, PU gv Nonlinear gain point 3, PU gv Nonlinear gain point 4, PU gv Nonlinear gain point 5, PU gv Nonlinear gain point 6, PU gv


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Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroIEEE2


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TURBINE – GOVHYDROPELTON GOVHYDROPELTON Detailed hydro unit, Pelton model A schematic of the hydraulic hydraulic system system of detailed hydro hydro unit models, models, such as Francis and and Pelton, is located under the Turbine – Turbine – GOVHYDROFRANCIS GOVHYDROFRANCIS class

Parameters NAME

Type

BP DB1 DB2 CFLAG

pu pu pu Boolean

KC KG

pu pu

QC0 TA TV TS TWNC TWNG TX VA

pu Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds pu

Description Droop Intentional dead-band width Intentional dead-band width of valve opening error Static compensating compensating characteristic, characteristic, if CFLAG=1 enable of static compensating characteristic, characteristic, else inhibit of static compensating characteristic Penstock loss coefficient (due to friction) Water tunnel and surge chamber loss coefficient (due to friction) No-load turbine flow at nominal head Derivative gain (accelerometer (accelerometer time constant) Servomotor integrator time constant Gate servo time constant Water inertia time constant Water tunnel and surge chamber inertia time constan Electronic integrator time constant Maximum gate opening velocity


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VALVMAX VALVMIN TFLAG

pu pu Boolean

ZSFC VAV VC VCV SFLAG

pu pu pu pu Boolean

QN HN AV1* AV2* H1*

m3/s m float float float

H2*

float

MWBASE

MW

Maximum gate opening Minimum gate opening Water tunnel and surge chamber simulation, if TFLAG=1 enable of water tunnel and surge chamber simulation, else inhibit of water tunnel and surge chamber simulation Head of upper water level respect to the level of penstock Maximum servomotor valve opening velocity Maximum gate closing velocity Maximum servomotor valve closing velocity Simplified Pelton model simulation, if SFLAG=1 enable of static compensating characteristic, else inhibit of static compensating characteristic Rated flow Rated hydraulic head Area of the surge tank Area of the compensation tank Head of compensation chamber water level with respect to the level of penstock Head of surge tank water level with respect to the level of penstock Base for power values, ActivePower

Notes

1. This model can be used to represent the dynamic related to water tunnel and surge chamber. 2. Governors per unit parameters are on base of MW capability of the turbine. 3. Rated hydraulic head Hn [m] an rated flow [m3/s] are the design parameters of the hydraulic system capability in CIM/CGMES manual, these not are indicated in NEPLAN manual. 4. Hydraulic system head attributes (Zsfc, H1, H2) are in meters but in the block diagram are in per unit on base of Hn. 5. Hydraulic area attributes (Av1, Av2) are in square meters but in the block diagram are in per unit on base of Qn/Hn [m2/s], in CIM/CGMES model the . 6. omega has units of per unit speed. 7. Non-linear gain and efficiency equations shown below 

*Non linear gains:


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

*Efficiency:

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroPelton


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TURBINE – HYDROGOVR Fourth order lead-lag governor and hydro turbine.

Parameters NAME DB1 EPZ TD T1 T2 T3 T4

Type PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds

Description Intentional dead-band width Intentional db hysteresis Input filter time constant Time constant Time constant Time constant Time constant


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T5 T6 T7 T8 KI GMIN GMAX TT RR KG TP VELCL VELOP PMIN PMAX DB2 DTURB HDAM TW QNL AT GV0 PGV0 GV1 PGV1 GV2 PGV2 GV3 PGV3 GV4 PGV4 GV5 PGV5

Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU Seconds PU PU Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU

Time constant Time constant Time constant Time constant Integral gain Minimum governor output Maximum governor output Power feedback time constant Steady-state droop Gate servo gain Gate servo time constant Maximum gate closing velocity Maximum gate opening velocity Minimum gate opening Maximum gate opening Unintentional dead-band Turbine damping factor Turbine nominal head1 Water inertia time const No-load turbine flow at nominal head Turbine gain Nonlinear gain point 0 Nonlinear gain point 0 Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 3 Nonlinear gain point 3 Nonlinear gain point 4 Nonlinear gain point 4 Nonlinear gain point 5 Nonlinear gain point 5

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydror


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TURBINE – GOVSTEAMEU

Parameters NAME TP KE TIP TDP TFP TF

Type Seconds PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds

Description Power transducer time constant Gain of the power controller Integral time constant of the power controller Derivative time constant of the power controller Time constant of the power controller Frequency transducer time constant


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KFCOR DB1 WFMAX WFMIN PMAX TEN TW KWCOR DB2 WWMAX WWMIN WMAX1 WMAX2 TVHP CHO CHC HHPMAXv TVIP CIO CIC SIMX THP TRH TLP PRHMAX KHP KLP TB

PU PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU Seconds PU PU PU Seconds PU PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU Seconds

Gain of the frequency corrector Dead band of the frequency corrector Upper limit for frequency correction Lower limit for frequency correction Maximal active power of the turbine Electro hydraulic transducer Speed transducer time constant Gain of the speed governor Dead band of the speed governor Upper limit for the speed governor Lower limit for the speed governor Emergency speed control lower limit Emergency speed control upper limit Control valves servo time constant Control valves rate opening limit Control valves rate closing limit Maximum control valve position Intercept valves servo time constant Intercept valves rate opening limit Intercept valves rate closing limit Intercept valves transfer limit High pressure (HP) time constant of the turbine Reheater time constant of the turbine Low pressure(LP) time constant of the turbine Maximum low pressure limit Fraction of total turbine output generated by HP part Fraction of total turbine output generated by LP part Boiler time constant

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteamEU


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TURBINE - HYGOV4 Hydro turbine and governor. Represents plants with straight-forward penstock configurations and hydraulic governors of traditional 'dashpot' type.

Parameters NAME DB1 TP TG UO UC PMAX PMIN

Type PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU

Description Intentional deadband width Pilot servo time constant Gate servo time constant Max gate opening velocity Max gate closing velocity Maximum gate opening Minimum gate opening


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DB2 EPS RPERM RTEMP TR DTURB HDAM TW QNL AT GV0 PGV0 GV1 PGV1 GV2 PGV2 GV3 PGV3 GV4 PGV4 GV5 PGV5

PU PU PU PU Seconds PU PU Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU

Unintentional dead-band Intentional db hysteresis Permanent droop Temporary droop Dashpot time constant Turbine damping factor Head available at dam Water inertia time constant No-load flow at nominal head Turbine gain Nonlinear gain point 0 Nonlinear gain point 0 Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 3 Nonlinear gain point 3 Nonlinear gain point 4 Nonlinear gain point 4 Nonlinear gain point 5 Nonlinear gain point 5

Notes



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TURBINE - IEEEG1 IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governing Model

Parameters NAME K T1 T2 T3 U0 UC PMAX PMIN T4 T5 T6 T7 K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8

Type PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU

Parameters Range: 5.0 ≤ K ≤ 30 0 < T1 < 5.0 0 < T2 < 10.0 0.04 < T3 ≤ 1.0 0.01 ≤ Uo ≤ 0.3 -0.3 ≤ Uc < 0 -2.0 ≤ K1 ≤ 1 K2 = 0 0 < T4 ≤ 1.0 0 < T5 < 10.0

Description Governor gain Governor lag time constant Governor lead time constant Valve positioner time constant Maximum valve opening velocity Maximum valve closing velocity Maximum valve opening Minimum valve opening Inlet piping/steam bowl time constant Time constant of second boiler pass Time constant of third boiler pass Time constant of fourth boiler pass Fraction of HP shaft power after first boiler pass Fraction of LP shaft power after first boiler pass Fraction of HP shaft power after second boiler pass Fraction of LP shaft power after second boiler pass Fraction of HP shaft power after third boiler pass Fraction of LP shaft power after third boiler pass Fraction of HP shaft power after fourth boiler pass Fraction of LP shaft power after fourth boiler pass

0 ≤ K3 < 0.5 0 ≤ K4 < 0.5 0 < T6 < 10.0 0 ≤ K5 < 0.35 0 ≤ K6 < 0.55 0 < T7 < 10.0 0 ≤ K7 < 0.3 0 ≤ K8 < 0.3 0.5 ≤ PMAX ≤ 2.0 0 ≤ PMIN < 0.5


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Notes

For a tandem-compound turbine the parameters K2, K4, K6, and K8 are ignored. For a crosscompound turbine, two generators are connected to this turbine-governor model. Each generator must be represented in the load flow by data on its own MVA base. The values of K1, K3, K5, K7 must be specified to describe the proportionate development of power on the first turbine shaft. K2, K4, K6, K8 must describe the second turbine shaft. Normally K1 + K3 + K5 + K7 = 1.0 and K2 + K4 + K6 + K8 = 1.0 (if second generator is present).



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TURBINE - IEEEG1 2005 IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governing Model, version 2005

Parameters NAME K T1 T2 T3 U0 UC PMAX PMIN T4 T5 T6 T7 K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 DB1 EPS DB2 GV1 PGV1 GV2 PGV2 GV3 PGV3 GV4

Type PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU

Description Governor gain Governor lag time constant Governor lead time constant Valve positioner time constant Maximum valve opening velocity Maximum valve closing velocity Maximum valve opening Minimum valve opening Inlet piping/steam bowl time constant Time constant of second boiler pass Time constant of third boiler pass Time constant of fourth boiler pass Fraction of HP shaft power after first boiler pass Fraction of LP shaft power after first boiler pass Fraction of HP shaft power after second boiler pass Fraction of LP shaft power after second boiler pass Fraction of HP shaft power after third boiler pass Fraction of LP shaft power after third boiler pass Fraction of HP shaft power after fourth boiler pass Fraction of LP shaft power after fourth boiler pass Intentional deadband width Intentional db hysteresis Unintentional deadband Nonlinear gain valve position point 1 Nonlinear gain power value point 1 Nonlinear gain valve position point 2 Nonlinear gain power value point 2 Nonlinear gain valve position point 3 Nonlinear gain power value point 3 Nonlinear gain valve position point 4


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PGV4 GV5 PGV5 GV6 PGV6

PU PU PU PU PU

Nonlinear Nonlinear Nonlinear Nonlinear Nonlinear

gain gain gain gain gain

power value point 4 valve position point 5 power value point 5 valve position point 6 power value point 6

Notes

For a tandem-compound turbine the parameters K2, K4, K6, and K8 are ignored. For a crosscompound turbine, two generators are connected to this turbine-governor model. Each generator must be represented in the load flow by data on its own MVA base. The values of K1, K3, K5, K7 must be specified to describe the proportionate development of power on the first turbine shaft. K2, K4, K6, K8 must describe the second turbine shaft. Normally K1 + K3 + K5 + K7 = 1.0 and K2 + K4 + K6 + K8 = 1.0 (if second generator is present).



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Parameters NAME K T1 T2 T3 T4 PMAX PMIN

Type PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU

Description Governor gain Governor lag time constant Governor lead time constant Gate actuator time constant Water starting time Gate maximum Gate minimum

Parameters Range: 5.0 ≤ K ≤ 30 0 < T1 < 100 0 ≤ T2 < 10 0.04 < T3 ≤ 1

0.5 ≤ PMAX ≤ 1.5 0 ≤ PMIN < 0.5 PMIN < PMAX 0.04 ≤ T4 ≤ 5.0

Notes



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Parameters NAME TG TP UO UC PMAX PMIN SIGMA DELTA TR TW A11 A13 A21 A23

Type Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU

Parameters Range: 0.04 ≤ TG ≤ 1.0 0.04 ≤ Tp < 0.1 0 ≤ Uo < 0.3 -0.3 < Uc ≤ 0 0.5 ≤ PMAX ≤ 1.0 0 ≤ PMIN < 0.5 0 < SIGMA ≤ 0.1

Description Gate servo time constant Pilot servo valve time constant Maximum gate opening velocity Minimum gate opening velocity Maximum gate opening Minimum gate opening Permanent droop Temporary droop Dashpot time constant Water inertia time constant Turbine coefficient Turbine coefficient Turbine coefficient Turbine coefficient

0 < DELTA ≤ 1.2 1.0 ≤ TR < 50 0.04 < Tw < 10 0 < A11 < 1.5 0 < A13 < 1.5 0 < A21 ! 1.5 0 < A23 < 1.5


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Notes



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TURBINE - IEEEG3 2005 IEEE Type 3 Speed-Governing Model, version 2005

Parameters NAME TG TP UO UC PMAX PMIN SIGMA DELTA TR TW KTURB BTURB ATURB DB1 EPS DB2 GV1 PV1 GV2 PV2 GV3 PV3 GV4 PV4 GV5 PV5 GV6 PV6

Type Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU

Description Gate servo time constant Pilot servo valve time constant Maximum gate opening velocity Minimum gate opening velocity Maximum gate opening Minimum gate opening Permanent droop Temporary droop Dashpot time constant Water inertia time constant Turbine gain Turbine numerator multiplier Turbine denominator multiplier Intentional deadband width Intentional db hysteresis Unintentional deadband Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 3 Nonlinear gain point 3 Nonlinear gain point 4 Nonlinear gain point 4 Nonlinear gain point 5 Nonlinear gain point 5 Nonlinear gain point 6 Nonlinear gain point 6


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Notes



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TURBINE - IEESGO IEEE standard Governor

Parameters NAME

Type

K T1 T2 T3 PMIN PMAX T4

PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU Seconds

K2 T5 K3 T6

PU Seconds PU Seconds

Description One/per unit regulation Controller lag Controller lead compensation Governor lag Upper power limit Lower power limit Delay due to steam inlet volumes associated with steam chest and inlet piping Fraction Reheater delay including hot and cold leads Fraction Delay due to IP-LP turbine, crossover pipes and LP end hoods

Parameters Range: 0 < T1 < 100 0 < T2 < 10 0.04 < T3 ≤ 1.0 0 < T4 ≤ 1.0 0 < T5 ≤ 50 0 < T6 ≤ 1.0

5 ≤ K1 ≤ 30 0 ≤ K2 ≤ 3.0 -1.0 ≤ K3 ≤ 1.0 0.5 ≤ PMAX ≤ 1.5 0 ≤ PMIN ≤ 0.5 PMIN < PMAX

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovSteamSGO


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TURBINE - IVOGO IVO Governor Model. A governor is included in the model and therefore no other governor can be associated with the turbine model.

Parameters NAME K1 A1 A2 T1 T2 MAX1 MIN1 K3 A3 A4 T3 T4 MAX3 MIN3 K5 A5 A6 T5 T6 MAX5 MIN5

Type PU PU PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds PU PU

Description Gain first stage Lead lag coefficient first stage Lead lag coefficient first stage Time constant first stage Time constant first stage Maximum limit first stage Minimum limit first stage Gain second stage Lead lag coefficient second stage Lead lag coefficient second stage Time constant second stage Time constant second stage Maximum limit second stage Minimum limit second stage Gain third stage Lead lag coefficient third stage Lead lag coefficient third stage Time constant third stage Time constant third stage Maximum limit Minimum limit

Notes



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TURBINE - PIDGOV Hydro Turbine and Governor

Parameters NAME SW

Type Boolean

RPERM TREG KD TA KP KI TB VELMIN VELMAX GMIN GMAX P1 P2 P3 G0 G1 G2 ATW TW DTURB

PU Seconds PU Seconds PU PU Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU Seconds PU

Parameters Range: 0.02 < Ta < 1 0.02 < Tb < 1 0.02 < TW < 1

Description Feedback switch control 0 = P is used 1 = Feedback signal is used Permanent drop Speed detector time constant Derivative gain Controller time constant Proportional gain Reset gain Gate servo time constant Maximum gate closing velocity Maximum gate opening velocity Minimum gate opening Maximum gate opening Power at gate opening G1 Power at gate opening G2 Power at full opened gate Gate opening at speed no load Intermediate gate opening Intermediate gate opening Factor multiplying Tw Water inertia time constant Turbine damping factor

P1 –> P3 ascending value order 0.01 ≤ Velmax ≤ 0.3 -0.3 ≤ Velmin < 0 G0 -> G2 ascending value order

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroPID2 NEPLAN AG Oberwachtstrasse 2 CH 8700 Küsnacht ZH Phone +41 44 914 36 66 Fax +41 44 991 19 71

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TURBINE - TG_P Turbine-Governor TYPE 1

Parameters NAME R TS T3 TC T4 T5

Type PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds

Description Permanent Droop Time constant Time constant Time constant Time constant Time constant

Notes



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TURBINE - TGOV1 Steam turbine governor.

Parameters NAME R T1 VMAX VMIN T2 T3 DT MWBASE

Type PU Seconds PU PU Seconds Seconds PU ActivePower

Description Permanent droop Steam bowl time constant Maximum valve position Minimum valve position Time constant Time constant Turbine damping coefficient Base for power values

Parameters Range: 0 < R < 0.1 0.04 < T1 < 0.5 0.5 ≤ VMAX ≤ 1.2 VMIN < VMAX 0 ≤ VMIN < 1.0

0 < T2 0.04 < T3 < 10.0 T2 < T3/2.0 0 ≤ DT < 0.5

Notes



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TURBINE - TGOV2 Steam Turbine-Governor With Fast Valving

Parameters NAME

Type

R T1 VMAX VMIN K T3 TT DT TI TA

PU Seconds PU PU PU Seconds Seconds PU Seconds Seconds

TB

Seconds

TC

Seconds

Parameters Range: 0 < R < 0.1 0.04 < T1 < 0.5 0.5 < VMAX < 1.2 VMIN < VMAX

Description Permanent droop Steam bowl time constant Maximum valve position Minimum valve position Governor gain Time constant Valve time constant Turbine damping coefficient Valve position at time 1 (initial fast valving) Valve position at time 2 (fully closed after fast valving initialisation) Valve position at time 3 (start to reopen after fast valving initialisation) Valve position at time 4 (again fully open after fast valving initialisation)

1.0 < T3 < 10.0 0 ≤ DT < 0.5 0.04 < TT < 0.5 0.04 < TA < 0.25


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0 ≤ VMIN < 1.0 0.1 < K < 0.5

TA+0.1 < TB < 50.0 TB+1.0 < TC < 50.0

Notes



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TURBINE - TGOV3 Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governing Model With Fast Valving

Parameters NAME

Type

K T1 T2 T3 UO UC PMAX PMIN T4 T5 PRMAX T6 K1 K2 K3

PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds PU Seconds PU PU PU

TI TA

Seconds Seconds

TB

Seconds

TC

Seconds

P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 F0

PU PU PU PU PU PU

Description Governor gain Governor lead time constant Governor lag time constant Valve positioner time constant Maximum valve opening velocity Maximum valve closing velocity Maximum valve opening Minimum valve opening Inlet piping/steam bowl time constant Time constant of second boiler pass Max. pressure in reheater Time constant of crossover or third boiler pass Fraction of turbine power developed after first boiler pass Fraction of turbine power developed after second boiler pass Fraction of hp turbine power developed after crossover or third boiler pass Valve position at time 1 (initial fast valving) Valve position at time 2 (fully closed after fast valving initialisation) Valve position at time 3 (start to reopen after fast valving initialisation) Valve position at time 4 (again fully open after fast valving initialisation) Nonlinear gain point 1 (valve position) Nonlinear gain point 2 (valve position) Nonlinear gain point 3 (valve position) Nonlinear gain point 4 (valve position) Nonlinear gain point 5 (valve position) Nonlinear gain point 1 (flow)


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F1 F2 F3 F4

PU PU PU PU

Nonlinear Nonlinear Nonlinear Nonlinear

Parameters Range: 5.0 ≤ K ≤ 30 0 < T1 < 5 0 < T2 < 10 0.04 < T3 ≤ 1.0 0.01 ≤ Uo ≤ 0.3 -0.3 ≤ Uc < 0 0.5 ≤ PMAX ≤ 1.0 0 ≤ PMIN < 0.5 PMIN < PMAX

gain gain gain gain

point point point point

2 (flow) 3 (flow) 4 (flow) 5 (flow)

0 < T4 ≤ 1 -2.0 ≤ K1 ≤ 1 0.04 < T5 < 10 0 ≤ K2 < 0.5 0 < T6 < 10 0 ≤ K3 < 0.35 0.04 < TA < 0.25 TA+0.1 < TB < 50.0 TB+1.0 < TC < 50.0

Notes

The gains K1-K3 and describe the division of power output among turbine stages. Normally, K1+ K2 + K3 = 1.0.



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TURBINE – TGOV5 TGOV5 is a model of a steam turbine and boiler that represents governor action, main, reheat and low-pressure effects, including boiler effects. The boiler controls will handle practically any mode of control including coordinated, base, variable pressure, and conventional. The control mode is selected by the proper choice of constants.

Parameters NAME K T1 T2 T3 UO UC VMAX VMIN T4

Type PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU/Seconds PU/Seconds PU PU Seconds

Description The inverse of the governor speed droop. The governor controller lag time costant The governor controller lead time costant The valve servomotor time constant for the control valves The control valve open rate limit The control valve close rate limit The maximum valve area The minimum valve area The steam flow time constan


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K1, K3, K5 and PU K7 K2, K4, K6 and PU K8

T5,T6 and T7

Seconds

K9

PU

K10 K11 K12 K13 K14

PU PU PU PU PU

RMAX RMIN LMAX LMIN C1 C2 C3 B CB KI TI TR TR1 CMAX CMIN TD TF TW Psp_ini TMW KL KMW deltaPE

PU/Seconds PU/Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU Seconds PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU Seconds PU PU PU

The fractions of the HP unit’s mechanical power developed by the various turbine stages. The sum of these constants should be one for a non cross-compound unit. Similar fractions of the LP unit’s mechanical power. These fractions should be zero for a noncross-compound unit. For a cross-compound unit, the sum of K1 through K8 should equal one The first and second reheater time constants and the crossover time constant. They may be set to zero if all steps are not necessary: i.e., no second reheat stage. The adjustment to the pressure drop coefficient as a function of drum pressure The gain of anticipation signal from main stream flow The gain of anticipation signal from load demand. The gain for pressure error bias The gain between MW demand and pressure set point Inverse of load reference servomotor time constant (= 0.0 if load reference does not change). The load reference positive rate of change limit The load reference negative rate of change limit The maximum load reference. The minimum load reference. The pressure drop coefficient. The gain for the pressure error bias. The adjustment to the pressure set point The frequency bias for load reference control. The boiler storage time constant The controller integral gain. The controller proportional lead time constant The controller rate lead time constant The inherent lag associated with lead TR (usually about TR/10) The maximum controller output. The minimum controller output. The time delay in the fuel supply system The fuel and air system time constant The water wall time constant The initial throttle pressure set point The MW transducer time constant The feedback gain from the load reference The gain of the MW transducer The deadband in the pressure error signal for load reference control

Notes



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TURBINE - WEHGOV1 Woodward Electric Hydro Governor Model

Parameters NAME SWM

Type Boolean

RPP TPE DBAND KD TD KP RPG KI GMIN GMAX DICN DPV TP TDV

PU Seconds PU PU Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds

Description Feedback signal selection (Sw). 0 = Feedback siganl come from gate position 1 = Feedback siganl come from signal V8 R-Perm-Pe Power time constant Intentional dead-band width Derivative gain Derivative time constant Proportional gain R-Perm-Gate Integral gain Minimum governor output Maximum governor output Gate limiter modifier Governor limit factor Gate servo time constant Time constant


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GTMXCL GTMXOP TG TW DTURB G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 FG1 FG2 FG3 FG4 FG5 FP1 FP2 FP3 FP4 FP5 FP6 FP7 FP8 FP9 FP10 PM1 PM2 PM3 PM4 PM5 PM6 PM7 PM8 PM9 PM10

PU PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU

Parameters Range: 0 < RPG < 0 0 < RPP < 0.1 0.04 < TPE < 0.5 1 < KP < 10 1 < KI < 20 0 < KD < 20 0.04 < TD < 0.1 0.04 < TP < 0.2 0.04 < TDV < 0.2 0.04 < TG <1 0 < GTMXOP < 0.3 -0.3 < GTMXCL < 0

Max gate closing velocity Max gate opening velocity Gate servo time constant Water inertia time constant Turbine damping factor Gate 1 Gate 2 Gate 3 Gate 4 Gate 5 Flow Gate 1 Flow Gate 2 Flow Gate 3 Flow Gate 4 Flow Gate 5 Flow P1 Flow P2 Flow P3 Flow P4 Flow P5 Flow P6 Flow P7 Flow P8 Flow P9 Flow P10 Pmss Flow P1 Pmss Flow P2 Pmss Flow P3 Pmss Flow P4 Pmss Flow P5 Pmss Flow P6 Pmss Flow P7 Pmss Flow P8 Pmss Flow P9 Pmss Flow P10

0 ≤ DTURB < 0.5 0.5 < TW < 3 0 < DBAND < 0.005 0 ≤ DPV < 0.1 0 ≤ DICN < 0.1 GATE1 -> GATE5 ascending value order 0.8 < GATE5 < 1.3 FLOWG1 -> FLOWG5 ascending value order 0.8 < FLOWG5 < 1.3 FLOWP1 -> FLOWP10 ascending value order 0.8 < FLOWP10 < 1.3 PMECH1 -> PMECH10 ascending value order


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0 ≤ GMAX < 1 -0.1 < GMIN < 0.3

0.8 < PMECH10 < 1.3

Notes

Switch: See Block diagram The Steady-State Flow is calculated using 10 parameters, 5 Gate points (G1… G5) and 5 Flow points (FG1… FG5) The Pmss value is calculed using 20 parameters, 10 Turbin e Flow points (FP1…FP10) and 10 Pmss points.

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroWEH


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TURBINE - WESGOV Westinghouse Digital Governor for Gas Turbine

Parameters NAME TPE DELTA_TP DELTA_TC DROOP KP TI T1 T2 ALIM

Type Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU

Description Power time constant Sample hold, see note 1) in block diagram Sample hold, see note 2) in block diagram Power droop Trubine proportional gain Integral time constant Constant time Constant time (not used in NEPLAN)

Parameters Range: 0 < DELTA_TP ≤ 0.25 0 < DELTA_TC ≤ 0.25 0 < DROOP < 0.10 10 ≤ KP < 25 1.0 ≤ TI < 10

0 ≤ T1 < 0.2 0.2 ≤ T2 ≤ 0.6 0.15 ≤ ALIM < 0.4 0 < TPE < 0.2

Notes



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TURBINE - WPIDHY Woodward PID Hydro Governor

Parameters NAME REG TREG KF KD KP TA TB VELMIN VELMAX GATMIN GATMAX G0 G1 G2 P1 P2 P3 TW PMIN PMAX DTURB MWBASE

Type PU Seconds PU PU PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU Seconds PU PU PU MW

Parameters Range: 0.05 ≤ TREG < 5.0 0 < REG < 0.1 0 ≤ KP < 10 0 ≤ KI ≤ 5 0 ≤ KD ≤ 5 0.04 < TA ≤ 2

Description Speed detector gain Speed detector time constant Integral gain Derivative gain Proportional gain Time constant Time constant Maximum gate closing velocity Maximum gate opening velocity Minimum gate opening Maximum gate opening Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 3 Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 3 Water inertia time constant Minimum limit Maximum limit Turbine damping factor Base for power values, Active Power

0.3 ≤ GATMX ≤ 1 0 ≤ GATMN ≤ 0.5 0.5 ≤ TW ≤ 3.0 0.5 ≤ PMAX ≤ 1.1 0 ≤ PMIN ≤ 0.5 0 < D < 0.5


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0.04 < TB ≤ 2 0 ≤ VELMX ≤ 1 -1 ≤ VELMN ≤ 0

G0 ≤ G1 ≤ G2 P1 ≤ P2 ≤ P3

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroWPID


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TURBINE – WSHYDD Double derivative hydro governor and turbine.

Parameters NAME DB1 DB2 ERR TD K1 K2 TF KI R TT KG TP VELOPEN VELCLOS PMAX PMIN GV1 PGV1 GV2 PGV2 GV3 PGV3 GV4

Type PU PU PU Seconds PU PU Seconds PU PU Seconds PU Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU

Description Intentional dead-band width Unintentional dead-band Intentional db hysteresis Input filter time constant Single derivative gain Double derivative gain Washout time constant Integral gain Steady state droop Power feedback time constant Gate servo gain Gate servo time constant Max gate opening velocity Max gate closing velocity Maximum gate opening Minimum gate opening Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 1 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 2 Nonlinear gain point 3 Nonlinear gain point 3 Nonlinear gain point 4


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PGV4 GV5 PGV5 GV6 PGV6 ATURB BTURB TTURB FLAG MWBASE

PU PU PU PU PU PU PU Second Boolean MW

Nonlinear gain point 4 Nonlinear gain point 5 Nonlinear gain point 5 Nonlinear gain point 6 Nonlinear gain point 6 Turbine numerator multiplier Turbine denominator multiplier Turbine time constant Input signal switch Base for power values, Active Power

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroDD


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TURBINE – WSHYGP

Parameters NAME DB1 DB2 ERR TD TF KP KI KD R TT KG TP VELOPEN VELCLOS PMAX PMIN GV1 PGV1 GV2 PGV2 GV3 PGV3 GV4 PGV4

Type PU PU PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU Seconds PU Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU PU

Description intentional dead band width unintentional dead band intentional dead band hysteresis input filter time constant washout time constant proportional gain integral gain derivative gain staedy state droop power feedback time constant gate servo gain gate servo time constant maximum gate opening velocity minimum gate opening velocity maximum gate opening minimum gate opening non linear gain point 1 non linear gain point 1 non linear gain point 2 non linear gain point 2 non linear gain point 3 non linear gain point 3 non linear gain point 4 non linear gain point 4


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GV5 PGV5 GV6 PGV6 FLAG ATURB BTURB TTURB MWBASE

PU PU PU PU Boolean PU PU Seconds MW

non linear gain point 5 non linear gain point 5 non linear gain point 6 non linear gain point 6 Input signal switch turbine numerator multiplier turbine denominator multiplier turbine time constant Base for power values, Active Power

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: - GovHydroPID


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TURBINE - DE1 Diesel engine or aero-driven gas turbine model

Parameters NAME T1 T2

Type Seconds Seconds

Description Time delay Time constant

Notes



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TURBINE - GT1 Gas turbine model. Droop and isochronous modes.

Parameters NAME

Type

MF T3 T4 AA BB CC TF KF DD

PU Seconds Seconds PU PU PU Seconds PU PU

Description Minimum fuel flow Lead lag time constant Lead lag time constant Valve positioner coefficient Valve positioner coefficient Valve positioner coefficient Valve positioner time constant Feedback Gain Time delay

Notes

A:

T



WF  MF

1  MF



1  W 2



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TURBINE - HT1 Classical penstock turbine model.

Parameters NAME TW KD

Type Seconds PU

Description Turbine time constant Turbine Gain

Notes

Y0 W0

Initial gate opening Nominal speed in p.u.



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TURBINE - HT2 General hydro turbine model.

Parameters NAME A11 A13 A21 A23 TW

Type PU PU PU PU Seconds

Description Turbine coefficient Turbine coefficient Turbine coefficient Turbine coefficient Turine time constant

Notes



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TURBINE – HYTUR Hydro turbine.

Parameters NAME DTRUB TW AT QNL

Type PU Second PU PU

Description Turbine damping factor Water inertia time constant Turbine gain No-load flow at nominal head

Parameters Range: 0.5 < TF < 3.0 0.8 < AT < 1.5 0 ≤ DTRUB < 0.5 0 < QLN < 0.15 Notes



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TURBINE – Type ST1 Approximate model of steam turbine with single reheat.

Parameters NAME TC KH TR

Type Seconds PU Seconds

Description Turbine time constant Turbine coefficient Reheat time constant

Notes



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TURBINE - ST2 General steam turbine model.

Parameters NAME T4 K4 T3 K3 T2 K2 T1 K1

Type Seconds PU Seconds PU Seconds PU Seconds PU

Description Time constant first stage Gain fist stage Time constant second stage Gain second stage Time constant third stage Gain third stage Time constant fourth stage Gain fourth stage

Notes

The sum of K1+K2+K3+K4 must be equal to 1.



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TURBINE - ST3 Non reheat or tandem compound reheat turbine model including fast-valving (turbine power decay curve)

Parameters NAME T4 K4 T3 K3 T2 K2 T1 K1 SWR

Type Seconds PU Seconds PU Seconds PU Seconds PU Integer

PFV

PU

Description Time constant first stage Gain fist stage Time constant second stage Gain second stage Time constant third stage Gain third stage Time constant fourth stage Gain fourth stage Switch control (Only used with SIMPOW) 1 = The active electrical power P will be used 2 = The rotor speed W will be used. (Only used with SIMPOW)

Notes

The sum of K1+K2+K3+K4 must be equal to 1. The fast valving logic is not implemented for moment in Dynamic Simualtor.



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TURBINE - ST4 Non reheat or tandem compound reheat turbine model including fast-valving (emergency closing of governor and intercept valves).

Parameters NAME T4 K4 T3 K3 T2 K2 T1 K1 SWR

Type Seconds PU Seconds PU Seconds PU Seconds PU Integer

PFV

PU

Description Time constant first stage Gain fist stage Time constant second stage Gain second stage Time constant third stage Gain third stage Time constant fourth stage Gain fourth stage Switch control (Only used with SIMPOW) 1 = The active electrical power P will be used 2 = The rotor speed W will be used. (Only used with SIMPOW)

Notes

The sum of K1+K2+K3+K4 must be equal to 1. The fast valving logic is not implemented for moment in Dynamic Simualtor.



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TURBINE - TYPE 21 A sinusoidal variation as a function of time with arbitrary amplitude and frequency is superimposed on the initial mechanical torque .


TURBINE - TYPE 22 An arbitrary time function f(t) is multiplied with the initial value of the mechanical torque

.


TURBINE - TYPE 3 A part of the mechanical torque varies with the speed and is superimposed on the initial mechanical torque .

TM



With: W W0

TM 0  KD  (W 0  W )

Speed in p.u. Nominal speed in p.u.



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TURBINE – Type 23 An arbitrary time function f(t) is superimposed on the initial mechanical torque

.


TURBINE – Type 24 An arbitrary cyclic time funtion f(t) is multiplied with the initial value of the mechanical torque .

If in a particular situation (e.g. additional turbine or at idling) following relation will be used:

has the value zero, the

Parameters TAB : The table of the time function values should be given NC :

. Corresponding values of time and function

The power pattern specified in the table is repeated after NC second.


TURBINE – Type 25 An arbitrary cyclic time funtion f(t) is superimposed on the initial mechanical torque TM0. TM = TM0 + f(t)

Parameters NC :

The power pattern specified in the table is repeated after NC second.



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TURBINE – WC

Parameters NAME T3 T4 T5 F

Type Seconds Seconds Seconds PU

Description Time constant Time constant Time constant Coefficient

Notes

Equivalent model in CIM/CGMES: No CIM/CGMES model


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Governor Models

GOVERNOR – HYGOV Hydro governor. This is the first part of the PSS/E-model HYGOV and it contains the governor part.

Parameters NAME RBIG RSMALL TR TF TG VELM GMAX GMIN

Type PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU

Description Permanent droop Temporary droop Governor time constant Filter time constant, seconds Servo time constant Gate velocity limit Maximum gate limit Minimum gate limit

Parameters Range: 0 < R < 0.1 0 < r < 2.0 R
0 < GMAX ≤ 1.0 0 ≤ GMIN < 1.0 GMIN < GMAX 0.04 < TG < 1.0 0 < VELM < 0.3

Notes



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GOVERNOR - SG1 General speed-governing model.

Parameters NAME

Type

SWS

Interger

SWP

Interger

SW

Boolean

DF TD TP TY TS TT BT BP YPMAX YPMIN YMAX YMIN

PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU

Description Switch for choosing input speed signal (only used in SIMPOW) = 1 The rotor speed Wr will be used. = 2 The terminal voltage frequency f will be used. Switch for choosing input signal for the permanent droop compensation = 1 The pilot or main servo-motor position will be used. = 2 The active electrical power will be used. = 0 The internal variable is limited by a non-windup limiter to YMAX (or YMIN). = 1 The internal variable is limited by a windup limiter to YMAX (or YMIN). Frequency dead band Derivate circuit time constant Pilot valve time constant Response time; pilot or main servomotor Main servo-motor time constant Transient droop time constant Transient droop constant Permanent droop constant Servo rate limit Servo rate limit Servo position limit Servo position limit

Notes



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GOVERNOR - SG2 Approximate speed-governing model (steam turbines).

Parameters NAME

Type

SW

Boolean

DF YMAX YMIN YPMAX YPMIN K T1 T2 TY

PU PU PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds

Description Switch control 0 = The internal variable is limited by a non-windup limiter to YMAX (or YMIN). 1 = The internal variable is limited by a windup limiter to YMAX (or YMIN). Frequency dead band Valve position limit Valve position limit Valve servo rate limit Valve servo rate limit Effective speed-governing system gain Equivalent time constant Equivalent time constant Valve servo motor time constant

Notes



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GOVERNOR - SG3 Approximate speed-governing model (hydro turbines).

Parameters NAME DF YMAX YMIN K T1 T2 T3

Type PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds

Description Frequency dead band Valve position limit Valve position limit Effective speed-governing system gain Equivalent time constant Equivalent time constant Valve servo motor time constant

Notes

POREF

Initial value calculated in preprocessor



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GOVERNOR – SGC

Parameters NAME K T1 YPMAX YPMIN

Type PU Seconds PU PU

Description Gain Time constant Maximum gate limit Minimum gate limit

Notes



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GOVERNOR - SG4 Hydro turbine speed-governing model.

Parameters NAME

Type

SWP

Interger

SW

Interger

DF KP KI T1 T2 T3 T4 TY TT BT BP YPMAX YPMIN YMAX YMIN

PU PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds PU PU PU PU PU PU

Description Switch for choosing input signal for the permanent droop compensation = 1 The pilot or main servo-motor position will be used. = 2 The active electrical power will be used. = 0 The internal variable is limited by a non-windup limiter to YMAX (or YMIN). = 1 The internal variable is limited by a windup limiter to YMAX (or YMIN). Frequency dead band Joint load control constant (proportional). Joint load control constant (integral). Controller time constants Controller time constants Controller time constants Controller time constants Response time; pilot or main servomotor Transient droop time constant Transient droop constant Permanent droop constant Servo rate limit Servo rate limit Servo position limit Servo position limit

Notes



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GOVERNOR - SG5 Diesel engine or aero-driven gas turbine speed-governing model.

Parameters NAME DF YMAX YMIN BB T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8

Type PU PU PU PU Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds Seconds

Description Frequency dead band Servo position limit Servo position limit Amplifier lead time constant Actuator time delay Current driver dead time Current driver time delay Amplifier time delay Lead compensation Lag compensation

Notes



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Neplan Turbines Governor

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