Pengertian Sufxes A. Sufx Sufxes es Suatu akhiran (Sufxes) adalah suatu bagian kata yang ditambahkan di akhir suatu kata atau bagian yang disebut base (kata dasar) untuk membentuk m embentuk suatu kata baru. Suatu akhiran berkaitan erat dengan tata bahasadan secara umum ditambahkan kepada hampir setiap kata dari suatu golongan, tergantung kepada kepada aturan-aturan yang dapat ditetapkan. Sebagai contoh, kita mempunyai akhiran –er dan akhiran –est yang ditambahkan kepada kata siat yang terdiri atas satu atau dua suku kata untuk membentuk comparative dan superlative.
B. Bentuk-Bentuk Bent uk-Bentuk Sufxes (akhiran) 1. Comparative Comparative entuk comparative mengungkapkan bah!a kata benda yang disebut itu mempunyai kualitas melebihi beberapa ob"ek yang lain. #ontoh $ - %enry is taller than &ohn. (#omparative) 2. Superlative entuk superlative mengungkapkan bah!a satu ob"ek mempunyai tingkat kualitas yang paling besar dalam suatu himpunan. #ontoh $ - %enry is the tallest boy in the class. (#omparative) C. Su Sufx arti ar tiny nya a Ak Akhi hira ran n. erikut ini adalah beberapa contoh akhiran yang sering muncul dalam ahasa 'nggris. -able, -ible (* (* +) membentuk m embentuk d"ective •
break able able
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washable
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moveable
-able, -ible (* (*+ +S) S) membentuk d"ectives •
an admir able able person
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an accept able able answer
-ion, -ation, -ition (S'/0' (S'/0'S') S') 1embentuk ata enda •
obsession
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admirat ion ion
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repetit ion ion
-en (1e2kan) 1embentuk ata er"a •
You can sweet en en your drink with honey or brown sugar.
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If your belt is too tight then loos en it.
-!ul (*34%) 1embentuk d"ectives/ ouns •
a colour ful picture ful picture
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a power ful person ful person
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a tear ful child ful child
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a painful illness
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a truthful person
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two spoonful s/spoonsful of sugar
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a mouthful of tea
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a houseful of people
-i!y, -!y (1e2kan) 1embentuk ata er"a •
to simplify
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to intensify
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to beaut ify
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The cement had solidif ied
-ism ('S13) 1embentuk ata enda •
fanaticism
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fogey ism
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sex ism
-ist (0rang yang melakoni) 1embentuk ata Siat dan ata enda •
Marx ist philosophy
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a feminist
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a sex ist
-i"e, (1e2kan) ritish dan ustralia biasanya - ise 1embentuk ata er"a •
to modernize (to make modern!
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to centralize
-less (+*) 1embentuk d"ectives •
"omething without meaning is meaningless.
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#e has no friends at all $ he is friend less.
-ment (..an) 1embentuk kata benda •
strong government
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successful management
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a great achievement
-ness (e2an) 1embentuk ata enda •
sadness
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nervousness
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sel%shness
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kindness
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the causes of homelessness
-ship (*er2an) 1embentuk ata enda •
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lordship partner ship
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craftsmanship
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friendship
-#ar$ (earah) 1embentuk d"ectives &t least we're walking in a homeward direction.
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The living room has sea ward facing windows.
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Take the northward road. &t last to our great )oy we were sailing land ward .
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Move onward three s*uares.
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-#ise (erhubungan engan) •
+hat shall we do food wise $ do you fancy going out to eat,
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Money wise of course I'm much better o- than I used to be.
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+hat do we need to take with us clothes wise,
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+e were very lucky weatherwise yesterday.
khiran –y ata benda yang ditambah akhiran –y mempunyai arti $5penuh, ditutupi, mempunyai, seperti5. #ontoh $ ir - airy an airy room ump - umpy a bumpy road
khiran –ull, -less ata-kata yang ditambahkan akhiran –ul atau –less artinya $ 6 mempunyai atau kurang5, #ontoh $ -ull -less #are – #areul - #areless 7ear – 7earul – 7earless
khiran –al, -ial ata siat yang berakhiran –al atau –ial artinya $5berkenaan dengan, sesuai dengan5. #ontoh $ ccident - ccidental #olony - #olonial #ulture – #ultural
khiran –ish ata siat yang berakhiran –ish artinya $ 6 memberi kesan, menyerupai5. #ontoh $ oy - oyish 7ever – 7everish
khiran –ly ata siat yang berakhiran –ly, artinya $ 6persamaan dalam penampilan, sikap5. #ontoh $ 7riend - 7riendly
1other - 1otherly ay - aily sufx is a group o letters placed at the en$ o a !ord to make a ne# !ord. sufx can make a ne! !ord in one o t!o !ays$ 8. in%e&tional (grammatical)$ 'n9ectional sufxes do not change the meaning o! the original #or$ or example, changing singular to plural (dog : dogs), or changing present tense to past tense (!alk : !alke$). 'n this case, the basic meaning o the !ord does not change.'n these cases, the sufx is added simply or grammatical ;correctness;.
sufx sufx
making -s -en
-ation -sion
grammati&al &hange exampl example e sufxe$ plural original #or$ #or$ plural (irregular)
exploration -s nouns =rdexplore person singular present hesitate hesitation -ed past tense persuad past participlepersuasion e division divide -en past participle (irregular)
example original #or$
example sufxe$ #or$
dog
dogs
ox
oxen
like
he likes
!ork
he !orke$ he has !orke$
eat
he has eaten
-er
-ing
teach teacher continuous/progressive
sleep
he is sleeping
-cian
-er
music musi&ian comparative
big
bigger
-ess
-est
god superlative
big
the biggest
goddess
-ness
sad
sadness
-al
arrive
arrival
-ary
diction
dictionary
-ment
treat
treatment
-y
"ealous victor
-al
ad"ectiv es
"ealousy victory
accident
accidental
-ary
imagine
imaginary
-able
tax
taxale
-ly
brother
brotherly
-y
ease
easy
-ul
sorro! orget
sorro!!ul orget!ul
-ly
adverbs
helpul
help!ully
-iAe
verbs
terror private
terrori"e privati"e
hyphen
hyphenate
-ate
2. 'erivational sufxes >ith derivational sufxes, the ne! !ord has a ne! meaning , and is usually a di?erent part o! spee&h . ut the ne! meaning is related to the old meaning - it is ;derived; rom the old meaning. or example, teach : teacher or care : care!ul derive (verb) @ tion derivation (noun) @ al derivational (ad"ective)
Common Sufxes oun Sufxes Sux -acy -al -ance, -ence -dom -er, -or -ism -ist -ity, -ty -ment -ness -ship -sion, -tion
Meaning state or Buality act or process o state or Buality o place or state o being one !ho doctrine, belie one !ho Buality o condition o state o being position held state o being
Example privacy reusal maintenance, eminence reedom, kingdom trainer, protector communism chemist veracity argument heaviness ello!ship concession, transition
*er Sufxes -ate -en -iy, -y -iAe, -ise
become become make or become become
eradicate enlighten terriy civiliAe
-able, -ible -al -esBue -ul -ic, -ical -ious, -ous -ish -ive -less -y
A$+e&tive Sufxes capable o being edible, presentable pertaining to regional reminiscent o picturesBue notable or anciul pertaining to musical, mythic characteriAed by nutritious, portentous having the Buality o Cendish having the nature o creative !ithout endless characteriAed by sleaAy
