Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters

sP

ICTORIAL

INO-KOREAN

CHARACTERS Fun with Hancha

Text and Illustrations

BY PROF. JACOB CHANG-UI KIM

HOLLYM INTERNATIONAL CORP. Elizabeth, New Jersey Seoul

In memoriam my father Kim Hong-dk, deacon who taught me Hancha and much more. I would also like to dedicate this book to the students of mine who have studied the Korean language in mutual friendship and enjoyment and who go out into this world to uphold peace.

The whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. -Genesis 11:1-

Copyright @ 1987 by Jacob Chang-ui Kim

I

1

1 I

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the written permission of the author except where permitted by law. First published by Hollyrn International Corp. 18 Donald Place Elizabeth, New Jersey 07208 U. S. A. Published simultaneously in Korea by Hollym Corporation; Publishers 14-5 Kwanchol-dong, Chongno-gu Seoul, Korea Phone: 735-7554 ISBN: 0-930878-58-9 Printed in Korea

PREFATORY NOTE This volume by Reverend Jacob Chang-ui Kim is a much needed work and is the outcome of Reverend Kim's extensive foreign language teaching, training and research in International Studies. His effort will be extremely beneficial to all students of the Korean language. Defense Language Institute Presidio of Monterey Monterey, California

g2&$?o'& SO CLEAR LIKE STREAM

$?a&

SO FRESH LIKE WATER

By Shelling Hwong, Chinese Calligrapher

MONTE R. BULLARD Colonel, U.S. Army Commandant

PREFACE

This book is designed for those who are eager to learn the written Korean language and acquire a basic working ability to read and write it in their everyday communication. Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters performs various aids for writing Korean, particularly the Sino-Korean characters known as Hancha. In 1972, some 1,800 characters were prescribed by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and adopted by law as those most effective and essential for common use. These are here given with their origin, etymology, history, classification and signification. Each character is accompanied by a chart demonstrating the proper way to write it and pictographs. This is a purely practical guide for students of Korean to help them understand Sino-Korean and the Korean language wisely. While teaching a t the Defense Language Institute in California, I had the difficult experience of trying to alleviate the frustrations and mental blocks which would develop in students who were having trouble picking up Sino-Korean characters. I have proposed a pedagogic strategy that is based on the use of that which is appropriately relevant. The characters were selected on the basis of the frequency of their appearance in modern writings. The McCune-Reischauer romanization is based on an attempt to use common English values of letters to represent Korean sounds in terms of the raw impressions they make on an Amerby 4xdYade-Giles ican ear. This s y s - a r a " # romanization of Chinese and the Hepburn romanization of 3apanese. I have followed the McCune-Reischauer system with

,

10

Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters

minor revisions and tried to make the transcription appear and sound as natural as possible. I gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the Defense Language Institute, Library Director Mr. Gary D. Walter and the library of the Monterey Institute of Foreign Studies. Thanks also to Professor Stewart W. Hobson of the Chinese Language Department faculty of Defense Language Institute, Monterey, California; for kindly proofreading my manuscripts. Also, for valuable help I am indebted to Mr. Chu Shin-won, Vice President a t Hollym Corporation; Publishers. I hope this book may be a good stepping stone for you to go on to more advanced reading, writing, and conversation. I welcome any criticism which might help me to improve upon this book and lead to a better understanding of the use and meaning of "Sino-Korean." Let's study together!

CONTENTS

PREFACE PART I INTRODUCTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Characters from China Sino-Korean to Japan Kanji Education in Japan The Combination Writing in Korea The Features of Sino-Korean 1) The Pictograms

2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Mon terey, California August 9, 1987

PART

Indicative Symbols The Phonograms The Ideograms Converted Words Falsely Borrowed

II WRITING HANCHA

1. 2. 3. 4.

Calligraphy Writing Sino-Korean Characters The Eight Strokes with Possible Variations Y6ng Cha Eight Strokes 5. Comparison of Sounds 6. The Similarity of Ancient Letters 7. A Pedagogic Strategy

Jacob Chang-ui Kim

PART

m

CHARACTERS

Explanatory Notes 1. The Universe 2. The Earth

A.

12

Contents


The Holy Bible Contents

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Trees Birds and Fish Animals Insects and Reptiles Mankind The Human Body The Countenance Family Foods Education Architectural Structures 14. Tools 15. Measurement 16. Military 17. Arts 18. Occupations

PART lV RADICALS (214 Characters)

PART V THEOLOGICAL AND BIBLICAL TERMS Theology Clergy Doctrine Denomination Roman Catholic Church Church Government T h e Officers of the Church Church Organization Worship Service Christian Year Holy Bible

1. Old Testament Contents 2. New Testament Contents

APPENDIXES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Korean Alphabet-Names and Sounds Korean National Anthem The National Flower The National Flag Character Discrimination Characters with Multiple Readings

Phonetic Index Bibliography

ILLUSTRATIONS YongbiGch 'Gn-ga 303

The Evolution of Chinese Characters An Epitaph of Koryi, Dynasty Traditional Korean Stationery Brush, Inkstick and Inkstone Decora tional Characters Season's Greetings A Village School Bamboos Oracle Bone A Page of the Bible in Sino-Korean Hunmin ChGng-iim

Korean National Anthem The National Flower The National Flag Direction Okp 'yzn

13

-

PART I

INTRODUCTION

Yongbiiich'Gn-ga (Songs of Flying Dragons), the early Yi dynasty panegyric eulogizing the virtue of the ancestors of the Yi founder comparing the Yi house to a deep rooted tree and a spring of deep waters.

Introduction

16

(2) Partial change of radical components

1. Characters from China

?% (heat) = ?!

The characters used in writing Sino-Korean originally came from China. However, we are dealing with them only in so far as they form part of the Korean language. Chinese characters have a long history, the earliest discovered writings having been dated from about 14th century B. C. (F@%Oracle bones, chia-ku wen). In 100 A. D. during the Han dynasty, this was modified by Hsu Sheng(R@, 30124 A.

D.

) in his 15-volume paleographical work, Shuo-wen Chieh-

or the explanation of writing and analysis of words. I t lists 9,353 characters under 540 radical entries. Of this number, 364 were pictographic, 125 simple ideographic, 1,167 compound ideographic and 7,697 phonetic compounds. The most complete collection is the Kang Hsi Dictionary(@ fFFiT$&) with about 50,000 characters of the Ching dynasty (#) , done in 1716. Since 1949, after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the government had actively pursued language reform until the Cultural Revolution, 1966-76. They changed and simplified the characters from original letters. Variants tzu(W*f#T)

1

include four main categories: (1) interposition of radical components, (2) partial change of radical components, (3) addition of a radical component, and (4) use of new characters. For examples: c (1) Interposition of radical components a. Between left and right # (cotton) =&i (neighbor) b. Between vertical and horizontal radical components

=a

I

I

I

(flock) =% (about) =%

S (peak) =@

'

=B

%(effect)

@ (tavern) =$$I (3) Addition of a radical component %(fruit) =% % (place) =% (4) Use of new characters @ (double) =XX (body) = # (crowd)

C_-.

,

17

Pictorial Sino-Korean Characfers

El

=*

Modern Simplified Characters

ai

E CEI @ CB] i ??! [@I ba i % tBI hie [HI I%] #? [%I 5rJ [@I bi

m

t [@-I

ban

bin

& CM3 $ [!#$I E I ang

Ifi; IfE3 ao

h [#I

[@I

bing

cai

Zr I@] Can $3 [@I

3s

cr1 CII

bang

tang 5% [%I # ($1 R t;iafl bian [&I fk [3%3

* [*I

baa Z CRI

%[&I

ba

1 Cf11

biao

M IS]

bei

$5 (8%

Z

[@I

bu

b C@>

ceng

[HI

I%] than ?E CfitiI R [%I ;ffi

18


Introduction

19

2. Sino-Korean to Japan Ancient Images cenL

I

BC

)

d-:::h:s Ci~ancters (about 18th cent B C )

w

9

ierq

@

5 +$

6,

fj

0

z & q D Q

3

(dbout 17th-

3rd cenr

Many theories have been advanced since the end of the 19th century about the affinities of the Japanese linguists have classified Japanese with the language of bouring areas, such as Ryukyuan, Ainu, others have grouped i t with Chinese, Tibetan, Burmese, Altaic, Malayan, and Polynesian. Still others Japanese is related to Greek, but this theory I accepted. This is only natural as Chinese culture has been disseminated widely and deeply. Four kinds of writing systems are used in Japanese: Kanji (Chinese c h a r a c t e r s Hiragana and Katakana ( two- phonetic--. Romaji - . " - (the Roman alphabet). Chinese characsyllabaries) and -.-"_%rs and Hiragana are used for the expression of all except words not of Chinese origin, which are expressed by Katakana. The more complicated type is known as the Kanji. The Kanji serves generally to represent the principal words of specimen of writing in the Japanese language, and thus express the nouns, pronouns, nominalizers, and numbers. Also they are utilized in the roots of adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. The simpler type of characters is known a s Kana. This takes two forms, the Hiragana, which are relatively cursive in appearance, and the Katakana, which are relatively angular. In fact, the Japanese language contains a large v ~ c a b u l a r y ~ based on the Chinese language. According t o The Vocabular . and Chinese Characters in Ninety Magazinevof Today (vol 111)-the analysis of the resilts p u k r b y The Nation Language Research Institute, the percentage of the vocabula based on the Chinese is 41.3% of the total number. This- rati -...----- will increase in academic material. - -=----

Hstao-Chuan (246-207

1 LI-Shu (about 200

ifiz s

Bc-AD~~~)

Changes atter Han DvoatY' (after A D

588)

?.g I

$5 js

$g #

@ I 3 $-%x

fsm@ 4 .Cnf-X.* 8, F, 43- I3 6 a *% x $1-1L $+. 3% a fl $&

b

b

?@%$+A

a mi* K

k

an

D

= E3

A-


20

Introduction

The Japanese began to write their language, which they had known only as speech, when contact with Korea and China resulted in the importation of Chinese characters. This contact dates as far back as the first century A. D. Towards the end of third century, two Korean scholars; Wang I n ( E C , Wa-ni in Japanese) and A j i k k i ( m B @ ) of Paekche dynasty came over to Japan and acted a s teachers. A Paekche ,Sinulogist, Wang In is said to have presented a copy of the Ch'dnjarnun(Tf ft, Ch'ien-tzu Wen in Chinesen --One Thousand Character Classic, and 10 copies of Uie-l\jon~ (;&%, Lun yu in Chinese) a s a tribute to the Emperor Ojin(@ @I). S o , h ~ ~ - ~ w e _ r _ e ~ r r m-._ a._introduced l l y to Japan as early as 285 A. D. ,--can find evidence compiled in the early pkrt of the eighth century, in both ancient recorded Korean history and JapaRecord of Ancient nese history, especially the Kojiki (&*ZZ), Matters, compiled in the year of 712; Nihonshoki ( B *BgZ), 3 Records of Japan, compiled in the Moreover, The coming of the study of religious texts written in Chinese characters. .It i % said that Buddhism c a m e t ~ ~ f a p g with n --.-the introduction of Budfiist images and w r j t i ~ g s .from Paekche- on - the Korean _peni In n to art, music, science of divination, medicine, and farming methods were also taught to the Japanese. Japan's Asuka culture and the development of an ancient nation were due to the diffusion of the culture of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.

-_

_I"

*T-

-

.^

_

l__

"%

- - +

-

3. Kanji Education in Japan In Japanese also, they adopted the Chinese characters which

I

21

they call Kanji(Chinese letters). The basic number of Kanji for general use taught to all Japanese school children is 1,850. In 1951, The Ministry of Education found it necessary to supplement the list of 1,850 characters with a list of 92 characters approved for use in personal names. By 1977, the number had increased to 1,950 basic characters, to be taught in grammar schools and up through high schools. Since that time, the regulation has generally been observed in documents published by the government, in institutions of public education, in newspapers and magazines, etc. So, most publications and documents can be read with a knowledge of T6y6Kanji (the Kanji for daily use). In addition, both the Tby6-Kanji and the Kyoiku-Kanji (the educational Kanji) have been revised a little on the basis of research on the actual use of Kanji. However, Kanji are not so easy for Japanese students, either. They study Kanji for six years a t elementaryschool, for three years a t secondary school, and for three years a t high , I school-a total of twelve years. Even so, there are rather ---- few -who can read and all of the b-Kxwithout - - -write --- . _ -_ 1950- -T b- ymistakes when they -. -- enter _ --_--the - university. -Scholar E. Reischauer, the former American ambassador to Japan, once lamented that the Japanese language could not be mastered. If so, one of the reasons would certainly be the difficulties of learning Kanji.

C__--____-

--11^___

^

_

___I&

-I

--^

4. The Combination Writing in Korean The time of the importation of the Chinese writing system to Korea is uncertain. At least by the time of the warring states (403-221 B. c. ) , the existence of a Chinese writing system became known to Korea through Chinese itinerants and bmigrCs.

22

The difficulty the Koreans encountered in adapting the writing system of China is seen from the various methods of writing used in Korea prior to the invention of the alphabet by Sejong in 1443. The first writings by Koreans were in ordinary Chinese. Despite the early contact with the Chinese script, the earliest securely dated inscription de that writing was used .-.The writing is on a by the Koreans comes from *---.I___ lXI-anggaet'o of Kogury6 monument erected in honor "

dynasty, It is written in ordinary Chinese. A reading capability in the Han-giil alphabetic system alone is a limited literacy. Because many classic scholars and lin~;_uis_t.s_-~~~. % Hancha 30% Han-giil, it requires a_strxmgChinese characters to -- .read most newspapers, ** Thus dictionaries are written in the ese character system. The colleges and universities use this combination system almost exclusively. Knowledge of the Chinese characters continues to be of importance in Korea, yet many middle and high school students find difficulty in learning to read in the SinoKorean. -..Today a knowledge of about equate to read the newspaper. - __ -.-_--.* In accord with this policy, the --- -- ----newspaper publishers agreed in 1967 to limit the number of characters used in the newspapers. _ . I -

5. The Features of Sino-Korean

The Chinese characters are called Hantzu in Chinese, Hancha in Korean, and Kanji in Japanese, all meaning "Han characters (&+I. " These characters are used exclusively in Chinese writings, and in combination with the Han-gBI alphabet in Korea and with the Kana syllabaries in Japan. The Sino-Korean (Hancha), in written form, is a combination of three major elements: pictograms, ideograms and phonograms. SL-wMost philologists have based their work upon the I (%*), a book of Chinese etymology. _/..__ Hi5 Shin(;?@), as pro- -- . .*-" .nounced in Korean o,~_.HsuShen_"as pronounced in Chinese, 7--classified the ancient characters under six categories of characters (&B). The Chinese usually speak of the "original roots ," showing of the six categories of Chinese characters (f
1) The Pictograms Characters with the radical $(metal, gold)

Gold

&

s(k6m)

i n

$8

4 (Gk)

Silver $J$

a4

nq

S ( t i n ) yr

23

Introduction


4=

copper

J

Z (tong) ,

Lead

$

9 (yF.nl

Iron

g(ch'ol)

&%

-

"A-" .".

AP* 4 0

0

Our system of writing is based primarily on pictographs. Its appeal is more to the eye than to the ear, and the aesthetic value exceeds that of phonetic scripts. These are visual and primitive symbols, tracing out some familiar objects; they were drawn to be representative of their original shape as much as possible. However, the simple pic-

24

i


$

f 41 i r k cart,

$?

Pybng

+$%\

Sbl

4 @ standing together,

$,"

$$

a#

1

++ 4 m 4 3

forest,

X

9

xx

~11:

71

-i% %2

Chwa

@ $9 4 sit,

agree,

Mouth with something sticking out, or with a thousand tastes, represents "tongue. " Man with-- one mouth, rep;resents "agree. " -- Two men sitting on the earth

AI to shoot,

c(j4

+&t

771 corn-flail or winnower,

(a corn-flail set on a stand)

2 ) Indicative Symbols @$ This development was to add a little suggestion on to the pictographs to indicate their new meaning often by the idea

k

f

-&

2

jfjg

i

< i

>

This system is now known as phonetic compounds, which means that a basic character was borrowed, compounded and garnished with certain radicals. While it retained the .same sound, it meant something else. For example, take the character p a n g 3 meaning "square. " T o avoid complications and confusion, different radicals were added as component parts but still based on the sound of "pang" as a sign to support the compounded character. This differentiated its meaning yet brought it into logical relation with the character. For example, utilizing the sound "pang" f i we find: @ 7i % pang with "flesh" radical, means "fat"; &!i72% pang with "silkJ' radical, means "weave": -

(5) Complex figures:

Ki

Hap

3) The Phonograms

X

--?

)

$

tongue,

.A

(4) Combined figures: Sa

4

or ground represent the character for "sit. " Mybng 9%% bright or A combination of sun and clear, moon, which have in common the attribute of luminosity. The characters listed in this category by the Shuo-wen (W Z) are comparatively few. In form they are similar to those in the first category. In f u n q t i ~ nthey differ in being used exclusively for a".b.. s l g ~ description t and the expression of imaginative ideas. i

(3) triple figures:

Sam

%

"

& $

(2) Double figures:

25

of some motion:

tures were incapable of illustrating the great mass of abstract notions and hundreds of concrete words. Therefore, during the Shang dynasty (&@, 1765-1 122 B. c . ) of China about the time when Moses received the Ten Commandments, pictographs were greatly improved. They were already being artistically and skilfully drawn, as demonstrated by the Shang bronzes and Shang oracle bone inscriptions, which we have to examine today. The image can be divided into five kinds: single, double, triple, combined and complex. (1) Single figures: Ch'a

Introduction

$

26

Pictorial Sino- Korean Characters

3

34% '3 pang with "grass" radical, means '6frakrancem; ---q Q .d Pang with "mound" radical, means *defencen; '3 Pang with "gate" radical, means "room. "

, m)

' . J

-1

.:I-,

'

v

L

-

4) The Ideograms

The second supplementary principle was by means of ideographs or combinations, which means that one or more independent characters were put together to give a new meanlng with an entirely new sound. 9 Take for example the character for the door, Pictograph and modern character Bq. 2% t With the symbol "mouth" ( a ) a t the door the character means "to ask or inquire. "

rq

-2 Introduction 27 reciprocation." Thus two or more characters are constructed to explain one another. For example: no (81, meaning "old, " if the final upward stroke is turned downward, becomes ko (%), meaning "examine" ( examined bv b r w s ) . Chwa and u ( E and &) mean left and right respectively; the ancient characters are )' and J\ , the second being formed by reversing the first, The characters sang and h a ( k and 1;, and 7 in ancient writing) mean "up" and "down"; but by extension they also stand for above and below, superior and inferior. There are many possible ways of interpreting the characters in this category and the best method is still in dispute. 3

-'

11 1

r

z.

6) Falsely Borrowed

5% 9 With an ear($) at the door the character rep-

Another method to increase the Chinese characters was found by the development of the falsely borrowed character system.

resents "news" or "to hear." 7H Two hands on the door becomes "open. " 3% 41 With a bolt or bar at the door becomes "close" -I or "c10sed. $- Originally it was written

fi. You can see

$

representing "field" or "land" and I or & a "plough. " T o plough the land is symbolical of agriculture. In the second character there is, in addition, a sign ( 4 ) representing the human foot.

5) Converted Words @jZ

.-

Their meanings are understood in an extended or derived sense, sometimes metaphorical or figurative, occasionally inverted or even directly opposite to the original. Chiin(@) means turning or transmitting, chu (E)means explaining or noting: together they signify "to explain by turning" or "to express by

A/i!

In this system one character may have one or two pronunciations but yet two different meanings. For example: in Cantonese the character g , chong means "long" but t t e same character pronounced chaing means "elder. " In Korean i t also means "long or elder, " but the pronunciation is chang. . S6 ( I )was, in ancient writing , originally con-( structed out of a bird returning to its nest a t sunset; but as \

3

+

.

.,

I

; ' i

3

the sunset towards the west, this character was permanently borrowed for the meaning "west. "

?

PART I1

WRITING HANCHA

An epitaph of Koryi, dynasty. It was composed by Yi Sung-in, a famous scholar of the day, and was written by Kwon Chu, a master of the traditional calligraphic style of the time. It has been kept at Shilliik Temple, Yiiju, Kybnggi-do.

30


1. Calligraphy The calligraphy is a totally spontaneous, highly individualistic art. The writer feels that a man's handwriting accurately measures the extent of his cultural attainment and aesthetic sensibilities, and even beirays his physical appearance. The quality of attention demanded of the calligrapher is different. A western calligrapher must pay attention to what he is doing, of course, but his work does not demand the absolute concentration and mental tranquility of his counterpart. The westerner can touch up small mistakes, while revision of oriental calligraphy is unthinkable. One mistake, and the whole piece is discarded. Four treasures of the study: The oriental calligrapher has four basic tools, called "four treasures of the study" (%Bi&I B, B t b F A F X ) . They are brush, ink, inkstone and paper. 1) Brush : The Chinese brush is perfectly round, unlike the flat lettering brushes of western sign painters. It consists of three parts; holder, hair, and sheath. The holder, or handle, is a length of bamboo tube or a hollow wooden rod. The hair, or brush, is constructed in layers. A central bunch of deer or rabbit hair is surrounded by an outer circle of softer hairs taken from goats or hemp string. 2) Inkstick : A brush must be dipped in ink, though Chinese brushes never sink into bottIes. Ink is stored and carried as a solid black bar, sometimes incised with decorations and characters traced in gold. When ready to write, the calligrapher grinds the bar with a few drops of water on an inkstone until he has achieved his desired consistency. The invention of ink is traditionally attributed to a calligrapher and inkmaker named Wei Tan, who lived during the

Writing Hancha

TRADITIONAL KOREANSTATIONERY

32

32

Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters Writing Hancha

late Han dynasty around the third century A. D. 3) Inkstone: The inkstone is a rectangular black stone with a shallow tray carved in the top. A good inkstone should be slightly rough and absorbent, but not too rough or too absorbent, for a perfectly smooth inkstone would be unfit for grinding, while an overly porous one would take in all the ink. Inkstones may be had in many shapes and sizes. 4) Paper: Finally, a calligrapher needs paper. The best paper is handmade, mulberry paper. The- invention of paper in China is accurately - r e c g d e d d s 105 A. D. by Ts'a La, bter Han dynasty. You can buy the calligraphy paper and tools from the oriental stationeries, such as Korean, Chinese, and Japanese stores. Strokes of the brush are used to build each character. These strokes are the most fundamental linear element of calligraphy, an art that exacts the beauty of line. There are two essential qualities of good calligraphy. One is the strength of each stroke. Strength refers to the right emphasis at the right place. The other is life movement, the cosmic spirit that utilizes all natural forms. A calligrapher is like a diver poised on the highest springboard. All his training, all his practice, must be totally integrated with the fiber of brain and muscle so that one pushoff and a few deft twists will achieve the perfection of form.

2. Writing Sino-Korean Characters A few basic rules will suffice to explain the proper method of writing Sino-Korean characters. In general, the basic importance of the order of strokes is the form that results from it. The stroke order plays an essential and wonderfully practical role. It not only facilitates an easier, handsomer writing, but

BRUSH,INKSTICKAND INKSTONE 5

'j

Brushes

8

Inkstick

Inkstone

g f (RH)

33

34


Writing Hancha

also gives you a guide when searching for letters in a dictionary, which are listed by their stroke order. A few basic rules should be followed when writing SinoKorean characters. By strictly following these rules, one will be able to recognize the various handwritten forms no matter how abbreviated they might be.

35

(6) Center first, then left and right.

*

IJ\

(7) Fill up before closing.

Writing order (8) The perpendicular line running thru center written last.

(1) Top to bottom.

,

(9) Complete one part before starting another part.

(2) Left to right

(10) There is one acute angle and sweep then the horizontal stroke is written last. (3) Horizontal strokes usually precede perpendicular ones when two or more strokes cross.

&

f3

Frames for analyzing Sino-Korean characters (4) Perpendicular strokes precede horizontal ones when they touch but fail to cross.

bt"

(1)

I3 kk.9

date, sun material

% -4-~ll2

male

(5) Right-to-left diagonal strokes precede left to right. return ability

36

Writing Hancha


(7)

tjJ

*Y k!

new time

1 ,

9 9 , % % 4 1 y l 7 ; c l flk 4 Important stroke with many variations but always downward from right to left- even if only slightly inclined or curled.

(5)

$282 '&%I, PE%I.oL~ 1 T q21+ 4

1

&-Ed%

(11)

1

article

it,

k

p J

ft

@ 9%

f

change

M&

(4)

9,

(10)w

3. The Eight Strokes with Possible Variations

F&&

, ;d*71 Dots made by slant of brush or pen, moving from top to bottom or left to right.

The "water" radical combination. Note that lower dot .goes from bottom up anticipating the next stroke to come a t right in the remainder of the character involved. This is the popular "fire* radical. (2)

(6) $liJ& 7 9 , W? 4 Horizontal hooks Vertical hooks

89

tab?

&& 4 9 , 713271 Horizontal line written from left to right.

@

81

I$

1

11

Sweeps downward to the right-some quite flat.

read

(1)

I I

(3) !S& 9% 4 I 3 z 7 l Vertical line made from top downward.

artistic

(7) & , Left and right

3

steeply and some

-J

44

Curve Hooks

curve hooks (8) fi E

7HH1

4 4 21 71 4

Right angle Obtuse angle

Angles

Left angle

\

37

Acute angle

t 7C

38


Writing Hancha

Yijng in current five strokes

4. YZjng Cha Eight Strokes

1

(The Eight Traditional Brush Strokes) Traditional Chinese characters are composed of eight stroke groups. The character Yijng that follows means "eternal or everlastingJJand is considered by the Chinese to contain all eight kinds r+ was first designed by Che Ohng, 0 Han dynasty. It is usually constructed with five strokes today, however. The five strokes are achieved by combining the central vertical stroke with the horizontal and the hook, and making left side wing as a single stroke. Both constructions follow.

2

3

4

5

Here is another example of stroke number reduction. In constructing a simple box character that normally required strokes, the second and third strokes are combined as either a sharp angular turning stroke or as a rounded turning stroke. In hand writing, the rounded top and right combined stroke is probably the most popular because it can be accomplished faster.

.-

',-

39

Ku in four strokes

Ku in current three strokes

Yijng in traditional eight strokes 1

2

3

4

5

5. Comparison of Sounds

/ Y6ng Cha Eight strokes designed by Che Ohng

I

C

Y,.

The Chinese system of writing was disseminated first to Korea, then to Japan and Vietnam (Annam) because of geographical propensities. Most proper nouns were rendered into Chinese and pro~ h who nounced in the dialects of the disseminators. ~ l t h o u those carried the characters abroad came from various parts of China and many of those who went to Japan were Koreans, pronunciations of the four peoples are close even today. The following comparison of sounds is taken from the Chinese translation of The Chinese Language: An Essay on its Nature and History by Bernhard Karlgren, a Swedish Sinologist. (Phonetic symbols are those of the International Phonetic Association. )

1


40

PLACE

Foochow Korea Japan Vietnam

SOUNDS

% song

45 Many

ka ka ka ka

ta ta ta da

#I! Netting la na[ra] ra la

Etymologically, Chinese characters are estimated to constitute more than 50 percent of all Korean words. The Japanese percentage is believed to exceed 40 and Vietnamese to be a t least 33. The pronunciation of a number of Chinese terms currently used in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam is as follows:

/ i a

Chinese

Korean

Japanese

Vietnamese

tikg 5-l

chu i

chuiii

chui

chu y

ku tien

kojbn

koten

co dien

attention

&fi 24 classic

&d

kuan nien kwannyijm kannen

quan niem

tao lun

t'oron

toron

thao luan

nung f u

nongbu

nofu

nong phu

lu kuan

yijgwan

ryokan

lu quan

mo fan

mobbm

mohan

mo pham

2fft +S. parents

f u mu

Pumo

f ubo

phu mau

i2i&

kuo hui

kuk'oe

kokkai

quoc hoi

kong-an

koan

cong an

concept

8% Zg discussion

A

+

farmer

BE al4-

Writing Hancha

6. The Similarity of Ancient Letters Now let us compare the ancient Egyptian and Babylonian script with the Chinese. Ancient Babylonian: sun house hand comb bird

Ancient Chinese: sun

house

hand

comb

bird

Between the first two pairs of characters there is a difference in the way of imagining the object. Both of the fourth pair have a connection with ladies, but in Babylonian the object is a comb while in Chinese it is a broom. The similarity of construction in the fifth pair is only very approximate. For convenience I will divide my comparisons into two groups. (1) Similar in form and meaning: Ancient Egyptian : sun moon mountain water eagle silk

hotel

St&=?I model

Ancient Chinese : sun moon

mountain

water

parliament kung an public security

41

(2) Different in form but similar in meaning:

eagle

silk

42

Writing Hancha


Ancient Egyptian : basket grass knife

leg

stone

window

worship

Sinai characters (1500 ox house

B.

c. )

corner

'on aleph

Ancient Chinese : basket grass knife

leg

stone

window

worship

Here, the method of constructing a character in Chinese is seen to be "sketchy, " while in Egyptian it is elaborate and exact. The one has strong simplified lines, and is "idealisticn; 9, the other is "photographic, " a kind of painting - "realistic. By the time that the Egyptian script had reached its greatest refinement, it had become inconvenient for writing, and incapable of modification to meet the requirements of daily use, it fell away. But the Chinese preserved a great capacity for development, and so it keeps its life, yet without ever losing touch with its very ancient origins. Thus a whole literature has grown up, suggesting various places, chiefly Egypt and Babylon, as the points from which either from the Chinese people or their civilization began a migration to China. Chinese writing has been compared with both Egyptian and Babylonian, with the conclusion that it was certainly borrowed from one or the other. I have myself been able to point out certain very interesting parallels between the structure of Chinese and Egyptian hieroglyphic writing. The Chinese scholar Hua Shih-fu said that Chinese characters were derived from ancient Babylonian and Egyptian, "KuoWen-T'an-So-I-Pan."

praying man

'A'

L-

beth

gimel

he

Phoenician characters (1000 B. c. ) house corner OX

Q

9

aleph

beth

>

r beta

Roman characters

A

C

(A. D.

window

f

daleth

i he

B. c. )

Greek characters (800-400

alpha

door

gimel

B

43

n gamma

E delta

epsilon

100)

B

C

D E

Modern English characters

A B C D E When cuneiforms emerged, the Egyptians, west of Sumer, were still communicating words, syllables, and ideas with picture symbols called hieroglyphs. However, over the next 1500 years, hieroglyphs were gradually replaced by shorthand scribbles based on stylized hieroglyphs and called hieratic (of

44


the priests) and demotic(of the people) writing. At the same time, Semitic people on the Sinai peninsula northeast of Egypt, devised a set of simplified picture diagrams, or pictographs, representing various sound combinations of consonants, called syllabic consonants. The first of these was an ox, which the Semites knew as aleph. The second pictograph was a house, which in the language of the Sinai was called Beth. These two pictographs, Aleph and Beth, would evolve into the Greek and Roman alpha and beta, and would provide the English language with its first two characters, A and B. The word alphabet comes from the Greek aleph and beth. It was the beginning of the first true alphabet structure. The previous tables suggest that the processes of human thought are probably very similar all over the world. "The whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. " (si4-q ZZ7]- SFq-~blgq. (blJt!tZ Genesis I I : I)) us o l

7. A Pedagogic Strategy The ability to retain visual impressions depends upon the degree of clearness with which one actually sees the object in one's mind. Therefore, in this approach to the characters, the student should try to visualize them when reading their description, so they will take root in memory. In studying the characters in this way, the student will unfailingly capture them even after reading their description just once. Having learned the characters given in this book, the student will be in a position to create his own pictures for any number of other Sino-Korean, Chinese, or Japanese characters that he may wish to learn. This book applies sound theory. To create a strong foundation in the memory, learning and retention methodology has

Writing Hancha

45

been systematically documented by many education specialists. For instance: Word list Stimulus Reproduced Letter. figures figures Crescent moon Curtains in a window Ship's wheel

*

C- C-C -

0-0-

-

#f'

The author draws attention to the significance of the problem with which the student of oriental languages is faced. Obviously, the difficulty is magnified for those of a Germanic or Romance language background. If we look a t this learning process objectively, several salient points emerge: A. Writing characters that are readable is very difficult and requires a great deal of time in practicing form balance and stroke order. B. Similarities of characters, little or no way to be sure of pronunciation, no way to determine meaning from appearance. C. Need for constant practice and reinforcement. D. Contact with native speaker is seldom or rare. Nevertheless, these are not facts to be intimidated by, but rather a challenge to look forward to anxiously. There is beauty and simplicity behind that which initially looks complex and overwhelming. While the Chinese language used to boast

* Such as L. Carnichael, H. P. Hogan and A. A. Walter, F.C. Bantlett, Robert Gagne, Morris E. Eson; An experimental study of the effect of language on visually perceived form.

46

Writing Hancha


upwards of 50,000 characters, they use 10,000 in contemporary use, and any character may consist of from one, to as many as 30 or more radicals. These are some fearsome facts, yet look at how many words the native English speaker uses in his daily language. Probably 1,000 a t the most generous of estimates! Therefore, we can see that careful study of this book will afford the student quite a strong foundation, with an 1,300 word vocabulary that include the five hundreds of biblical words and phrases. The importance behind all this braggadoccio* is that the words are learned by their component parts, in other words character by character, even stroke by stroke. The most important thing besides a good learning tool, however, is the concentration and time that is put into the learning process. Over two decades ago these were the empirically proven facts: A. Gouin says to learn a language takes 800-900 hours for basic course. , B. The Foreign Service Institute of the Department of State put the minimum professional proficiency: I Average aptitude will take 1,000 to 1,200 hours(6 to 7 months of intensive study). That is for language in the Germanic and Romance families. ' O Slavic languages take 15-18 months(2,625 hours) most 1 other languages, 18 months (3,150 hours). I @ Amharic, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean take 25 months of intensive study (4,375 hours). 1 I cannot emphasize enough.- the possibilities which exist for $ more..speedy apprehension of these oriental languages, if the public world make use of the learning techniques and examples

set forth by this book. The Florida State University professor, Robert Gagne's The Conditions of Learning was drawn from often during the planning of this presentation. Exceptionally noteworthy are his 8 types of learning, rule learning principle which has much in common with the radical systems of these languages.

Pillow cases

Rice cake

,Tj 8e 4s s ; pray

/

* to be boastful

47

Pencil holder

Cushion

48

Pictorial Sino-Korean Characfers

SEASON'S GREETINGS

PART I11

1

I

CHARACTERS

DAWN When the sun rises above the horizon, as represented by the bottom stroke in the character MORNING 5 S. below, it suggests dawn, the beginning of the day. ZH($$*) : Z J &%)3* ~ 0)5i, 4% 61-3. 6% Za -

first

o)-sJ 9 dawn, morning

e.1 sgRq(z;j~~~d) :4 1

" 4 ~ a~ !1

A Happy New Year!

4 - 7 ) 9 3 P tl-al9f cautious

g 51

congratulate

4

RM

new

34

+ E!

year

#E$jj(=iy 4 Q) : 4j R k g gijFgL14 ! A Merry Christmas!

I

%mt* 4%95%

qbl* % E!

congratulate

birth

holy

cc-

+,\ 0

0

A Village School. A small group of pupils were taught Chinese classics in olden times. Painted by Kim Hong-to (1745-?), Yi dynasty.

50


Characters; Explanatory Notes

Explanatory Notes

6. 7. 8. 9.

On this page there appears an annotated sample of the character entry. I t has been slightly modified from the actual entry in this book t o show the full range of information provided for characters in the first character group.

10. 11. 12.

13.

h

C I

Here is a visual representation of the sun. rwas ~ h r o u g hthe centuries a dot or small line put in its center to indicate its brightness. is also an Egyptian symbol of the sun. 4-B

3 2

-

)-9

I

HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

10

r E ? 2 i 2 7 ] ) a diary Lj@El (89) all day long

rA4&

LDF

71 ki 7 13 ~ @ 3 chong A

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:-14

1. 32s

l3;zs

~

~

f

i

>47! 0 1 @H

14.

La---'

MEANING AND SOUND 12

11

il- 5 Sun; Day-6 4 s.-7 Rad. 72

&41&.

51

Character definition Stroke count Radical information and number Simplified character Stroke order diagram Frequency character compounds and meaning New characters; meaning in Korean scripts Pronunciation of compound characters. T h e Romanized transcription in this textbook is known as the "McCuneReischauer Romanization" which is the transcription most widely used. Exercise: Typical conversational usage for reading and translation. Especially this column utilized for useful application. For example, proverbs, maxims and Korean common sayings and the ability to understanding compositions.

The Division of Characters: Classified by the order of creation in the book of Genesis. Abbreviations S. : Strokes Rad. : Radical

If you write a diary in Korean you will be a clever writer, therefore do that everyday.

ea a ~ ~ P 6 ; o lql 519, R a e

2.

-471 94+3 Wt.

Take the character for day ( El) and by adding one line try to make eight new characters.

The weatherman says that it will rain tomorrow.

Key:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

T h e three steps are letter evolution of the pictograph. T h e character Etymological explanation T h e character with Korean scripts Pronunciation

I

oF"d - morning

'ifh,! monkey; r e p o r t

1.

Fa +

ti'

' 1

9 Moon

9(ill

a(~01)

-

53

--

The Universe

Sunbeams shine on the water, which refracts the light. Another story is that a man held an Olympic torch and ran on a track. This character is the combination of (a) and 01.).(*) is a transformation of (jk,fire) ,and (1 - 1.). is -that ----LCIC.II~.._ of (A, a man). $'2

0J 'T m q D a H x '2 Day

C k u f acters; the Universe -

~1 Rain 8( 4

i++

a

l i

Sky (ch96n)

1

A-

_

@4$- liberation; glorious restoration

$$!

s6n

8 kwan

sightseeing; a tour

luminosity; emission of light

(Is% 9%sunlight; sunshine 5 2

34

% !ilpal

3d747-]gIA 4 ~ 6 m

a flash; a glint

&--

!

319%@ q p k

light ray

9 %. ~ I 901 i%l-+$q .&A) 71 4 324s). 3))-3rQ01 9 c o o 4 4 *-% 4-+I- 2!4 -% 9 0 1 d- 8Wl-43- 4 T T X %01* #3-4 4 &. 4 q 01 514 el-401 q 1-1 01 t 3 4 9 0 1 L1d-• ($lJft$t2,Gen. 1 : 2-5) *l.+g 01 7l-5\44 sl-*q E%$$41 % g o 1 $4 S E S 4-4 A1 sl-*. 35 3- 3 5 ~ zl-q 2 ~@eJbgF la%* El%* +E61 0I+d-. 35 rr. iJl-$4 g%41 9 4 *oil *]?Id- 3-43 i3-l-4.401 + 9 zkiq+ g!,Al- -E X g b z *+ =&BiJ)Ali3-)~1Z++Yt: g22.s t!+ *@%)A1 ??plq ZE g++ + 5 q 3

.\ f

;L

9 f l g i l

01

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR REXDI'YG AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

m a -

($lJ#k@,

Gen. 1 : 14-16)

1;

,

.6 S.

ME.-\XING AND SOUND

x@ x$$? %x 44%% 9-4rw 4 %

*.

LIGHT

C


*at41 4-4401 XH,I% $lJ&Sl-4 4 ($lJI&Si! 1 : 1) In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. (Genesis 1 : 1) 3 0 1 ~ f @ i + X . g&iJ)-q Ego) 3% -q41 $ 3 4-4-gq @+ *iBi41 g5sl--q4 5). 3\44 01 7)c4-44 3 0 1 5922.~1 + - ~ l ~ l l3

kwang

1. qq+ 414-q go]*. (n]€q$G@ 5 : 14) You are the light of the world. ( ~ a t t 5. : 1 4 ) 2. grnq -t-zaol 4. Korea's Liberation Day is August fifteenth. 3. a@tt41 nMol%%l01 ePeta. There were a lot of foreign tourists in the Folk Village. 4. 6.1 x#k 4 q 9 01 9. &@01 (3%27 : 1) The Lord is my light and my salvation. ( P S . 27 : 1)

*.

dyr\;

54

(~1.. e&atr&2'.>3''J"L!'

--..

Characters; the Universe


This suggests an important man, Moses, for example, as he is coming down from Mt. Sinai. One can see his face is up near the clouds. Hence the sense of sky or heaven. (Exodus 20 : 16) (Genesis 1 : 6-8)

xq@

2J+%L

SKY HEAVEN 4 S.

X%SZ&@l40J7) 4 9 a

natural

monument

%* ? d ~ q a genius;

% ,

2% 71 f

E! y6n

2 XH

a very brilliant person

%~

&

7)33

2dzl heaven and earth

chae

I

xT ~dzl-all under heaven

Xi chi

014

51 ha

Plucking stars from heaven. (a very difficult work to do)

,L&jg017 ) 9 5 J 4 4

Go1 94 4

xm01 44

kingdom of heaven. (Matt. 5 : 3)

* a

25

zz

ki

a] Z]

?& 011

ye

t*

Vg = mol

*

S pon 3 ch'ul

4-72 ~ 1% 2 Z

sunrise

%% all day long

chong

%s-3.B Z 2 3 &d

1.

%gi?Bol 3 . j 7) o ~ A \ + E ] 3% 741 +A] A. If you write a diary in Korean, you will be a clever writer, therefore do that from now on.

2.

a+ s %@Roll q gl-g 01

7)

& p o l l Tf&ol]+

71l34-rr

Bt+. According to today's weather forecast, it is said that

3! 9 01 A. (=)

5 : 3) Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs in the

$3

kwa

A

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. g)kq % 4-71 : Ad 4 el-71 uq 0-l 4 3%01 s+ 3. 2.

EI .zf; 9% sunset a 9& Japan

@a

kyo

9

74 $/?Zt 34 f 71

71

x$& 4 5 . Catholicism; ~ Roman Catholic 50J & 3 chu Church

a 3 624- a daily lesson; a daily task a gz % a diary a %@% 9 41& a weather forecast 71

gz 71 ki

9

MEANING AND SOUND


s%% 9 mun -Y?4 @ A t sa

x{g2 d ~ )an angel

SUN DAY 4 S.

Rad. 72

MEANING AND SOUND

science of astronomy

i1

a

ch'6n

~ 1 %a


Here is a visual representation of the sun. Through over centuries a dot or small line was put in its centre to indicate brightness. is also an Egyptian symbol of the sun. (Genesis 1 : 1-5)

55

I

I

after a light drizzle in the morning there will be clearing in the afternoon.

56



$

57

&, 99pl

*;" OoO

Here are represented the shapes of the new moon. The crescent, rather than the full moon, is represented in order to distinguish it from the sun. (Genesis 1 : 16)

Once, it was thought there to be multiple entities in the heavens. This idea, readily understood on a clear night, has evolved to become * embodied in the character denoting a star. (Genesis 1 : 16)

wol MONTH MOON 4 S.

srjng STAR

9 S.

Rad. 74

~ 7 ' f l ~ Z l E l ~ a . ~

1 HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

$2 +j% a

salary fls % X a monthly bulletin

a @ %+a monthly instalment a % 41 monthly rent a @ a 499 Monday 1% a a full moon s a + every month nJ%

nq

MEANING AND SOUND $

93

a= ++k

71

1% nq "& $$

7)-?3&

%+ : 412,Fq Pg 4 01 e$@ ~d

9.The moon

Ad

s

#E

yet

+A]

34

MEANING AND SOUND

@ 7)-71

{% 5

cho

@ 31 chwa 7 1 .1+2 $ti+ kiik a4 @ @ +I wi ;dF.$. # 3 chang zl-z]

star

a satellite ~ 2 A d a general Ad

3s dl 4

mae

wanes when its brightest rays fade. 2. 8 & ~ d F . ~ ]+ %+dl, +-z74-71 7). $ A salary man's life is simple but it is difficult for him to accumulate a large sum of money 3. i j ~ ; f r ~ ~ ( ~ 1: A1 % %&4 3z-t ~ 34- 24. The months and years pass swiftly.

++.

$1

a man UH

the Stars and Stripes

&@ Ad a)-constellation it@&-++Ad the polar

Po


1.

1{%?& Zl

ZB~?PU 3 g ~ i lse 4 ~ 1 %@

% = . ; y g


$2 = kiip % S!

1

"1

a comet

3 dl hye

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: I

1.

%f7@+

41 .1 ~ ) - % b l 9% 2~ ").;I]

419%

3+).7F

@%a+.

The three wise men of the east followed the star found the baby Jesus and worshipped Him. 2. +~1-1L~t41lx-l 5 B # @ 0 1 f 74.46FxJd nk? Do you know who is the five star general in our country? 3. X%&+ 3 4 2s XB41 3La;F 3% OIS_i%\+ @fbFJbl+. Astronomy is the study of stars, the sun, the moon and planets.

58


em @ M Characters: the Universe

i.

@

'

e

This character indicates a sunset. The sun sets over the west side of the slope. This is made use of as a radical.

:

,

,

I l l

t

1 1 1

o

The first two pictures represent clouds and the dotted lines below, drops of water. The rain drops hitting the umbrella are easily visualized. (Genesis 7 : 12)

siik EVENING 3 S. Rad. 36

59

u RAIN 8 S.

dl 8


b'?u%m 4 7 , 4 % evening newspaper 4f&24 d ! evening meal; dinner

4B

*& the setting sun

4pfi

E a red sunset; evening glow

&'a4

E the tide coming in

in the evening

MEANING AND SOUND

shin

"k

9 Pan % Yaw

M2 Pi% dl 9 ,M 3 cho

a$-@ E cho r 0 -fl El E mun


( 9 3 2 ~ )4 : %\? q-2J *I I-+ z \ F zj q 21 9 @-& @ El In a brief interval. 2. 4 %+ 4fE4 JJ 4 4 01 c\.lil &ol NOWinstead of being called s6kpan, dinner is generally called chbny6k. 3. -Ez4101 %%+ *7qq Lj,q?j SF& *Gz\x]+ 81 x]+ &% -121 E 9 o ~ ~ The % Monterey ~ ~ . beach is famous not only for being a habitat for seals but also the beauty of its setting sun.


fim

m

7Iq2 71 ki 0 1 5 % Z! ro 2% % ul pi 4% a cch'ijn 44%% P ' O ~

rainy season

m g +S

rain and dew

fi@ +dl

rainwear

@j* +zi a rainy day

@m

+-8 violent

rain


1.

1. -@-4

+st+.

+-71

MEANING AND SOUND

f i , k A o J d l 4 % 4.k 7,FnF7F A2*f14 %%7F 471 E @I+. Korea's rainy season is June and July, sometimes there are floods.

I3611 Z ~55% 7F71 Z. %+dl R ~ B $ 4 l kt-)% I 0471 4 7 ] 3 g q . We have a plan to go on a picnic next

2. +% !@I=&

Friday, but if it rains, we must postpone it next week. 3.

i%f&45@(+F%$):@l gj ; o-) 4is;t 2 0 1 a_;Fqoll

FqFq 471-471 5% 45 &61 24 9.Bamboo shoots after

-& 3611

rain. (springs up like mushrooms after rain) 4. Rmkf+(%843) : d \ q b 1 3-4 -3-2d l 4 $01

%.

en Eka L I: 60

+ V;YA~I.

- 4

J


This character is the combination of rain and a cloud(2). (Z) is the figure of moisture going around in the air. The character means a cloud, from the idea of moisture, which will cause 7% d rain, floating in the air.

(m)

un CLOUD 12 S.

MEANING AND SOUND

zu

ssfl94-cloud-shaped car;ings 3%++ cloud and mist

~171 ok711

Z t kak

% 9 mu -1 pong

=

s!&9 % a bank of clouds s% 9q a lark; a skylark

-%+I

%% 9 % %%

% 2 3 4 99 %

%4

Zl chak

gathering in swarms; throngs ZQ

chip

the shadow of cloud

y6ng

*+


1.

9 8 4 1 7G-61 '71?22+ Tf&+~dk 7qat-t. Tomorrow weather will be cloudy in the morning time but it will clear up in the afternoon.

2.

IBrn34l-k- 4 tl 3-4 S R U o l 4 4 4 594.

Gl3q %4-k-

On the Pulguk Temple, there are many places decorated with cloud-shaped carvings. 3. ~13 &@ I3 41 HE@@ Z%%41 -k4%zolS%2l%I t-t. Last Saturday, many people gathered on the elementary school playground.

3s


61

This character calls to mind the experiment 1 done by Ben Franklin, who introduced proof ch6n of electricity to westerners. This he did when ELECTRICITY one cloudy day the kite, with the key at- LIGHTNING tachedTo it, drew sparks. The 13 S. 71 Korean kite's origin is traced to a general, Kim Yu-shin of the Shilla dynasty.

a a

iE%


I


s R 4-71

electricity

71% %

471 %q electrical engineering

+Q

e af3 ~JS)electric power

%@

%Fa'@$j$ 2J+t$,~1%

electronic microscope

2-a44 battery telephone

71 ki

1Z

kong

9 ;fTI +-i ry6k

~ J telegram x

E5& ~ G d_3$

MEANING AND SOUND

93 4512 7-1

PO

+ &#

hy6n ky6ng

& XI chi 29 &: Zt hwa

o

%$TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. Ail 01 ~FB2l.ln) ?gg&,g!41 71-4 z3gg.g E+t"j!+fl o\at+.

Because I have just moved, I have to go to the telephone office and request installation of a telephone. 2. me!g37l4 cl $ 4 3 ~ 1 e t 9 9 - ? Do you know where the public phone is? e 3. Z X E I A ( ~ * - q 3 ) ): q2+q g-g q ~ qq++ j 3.

62



63

QQD 0 OCP 0

00,

%a

4

(s) .

This character was the combination of grains of rice (%) and steam or vapours curling and ki rising (B) Kore e is rice. &hen one AIR Another 10 S. philosophical meaning is "the movement of an 7 1 -$- 71 invisible substance. I3

This character was originally written siil means rain solidified, the component (3) SNOW represents the idea of sweeping with a broom made of pampas grass. The whole character 11 S. expresses the idea that snow covers the ground t3 in white as if it had swept away everything, 9, and means "snow.

(m)

.

3

(%+%I

HIGH,FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

MEANING AND SOUND


s% Ada a landscape of snow; a snow-

"!

%a

,i % --

ky6ng

#*

scape

.

%@ vindication 3%A ~ % L sugar A$+-

sE

of one's honor

-Ef-+j @

yok

4%% cd-

tang

%

snowflakes


+ol $01

4 + B ~ O24 ] -t S Z o ] 4. Abundant snow

is the sign of a fruitful year; a snowy year, a rich year. 2.

%%$ BB* R A G 14 *F3rol4.

+ !2%

3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ( 4 ~ :~+7441 ) - Jji517)4 - ) 9 9 ; *%$% 201 @2J 1 9 4 Jj . Frost on the snow. (to make

matters worse) (++.6;t+) 4. ;)kas%

~j

$4 2%4 ~$-4) 4F7F+- 5.

vital force; vitality

7 1

feeling; sentiment; mood

f3 ryijk 4%% E pun 3

3 41

air; the atmosphere

971 7)

% 41 se

+ hu

71% t i !

93 kong A a in

popularity

A ) - ~

\L-


1.

++ ~

F 4 qSE7)- ~J@sl+ 9 6 1 1X-J

A)-+

3%

I like to live in a place with the four seasons. 2. 2tiL BFq- -f 31 71 5%2014 ~1 OJ 4 n)-?

zz%

What place has clean air and a nice seascape? 3.

4.7\

A$&%+

#F@dJ7]

?

Who is the most popular actor in these days? 4.

: +%q

MEANING AND SOUND

1

; TT A%; OJ

Sugar is one of the important import items. 3.

-

$%%71 41 spirit; energy; vigor %1E 71 8 climate; weather c

1.

.g-d

Zit hwa

303 % YI che

%% A] ~2 snow removing

U

%&E&(71xJD4xJ)

: %E4-RTJoI +"b1-.

Complete exhaustion.

+d-ptQ+.

Characters; the Earth

2. &@

1

65

The Earth

The pictographs are suggestive enough; this is the shape of a group of three mountains. Mountain and water combine to form the concept "landscape" &).

(m

3 ~Shore )

3q

9 (an)

? (ku)

Hill

3 Water

3(SU)

41

san MOUNTAIN

3 S. Rad. 46

Mountain


(san)

LLI3 44 a mountain temple

3 3 ~t

w7Ka

3 7K

01 7)4-4-4 X T q s o l 51 32s Z 0 1 . Z s o l Eq 4 .rt s p l nq, ~ J irl slq SF. SF+$ 01 X S 901"-F %i3-l-~ POLIz 5). 3%d)t.F?/\ j g s p l L-lsT* sl-+"d Y-4 7171 4

4z-F a villa in a mountain

D s ~Jzd the top i@fD*+a mine

God said: Let the waters under heaven be gathered into

gl-45 - 4

one place and let the dry land appear; and it was so. God called the dry land earth and the gathering of the waters He called seas, and God saw that it was good. (Genesis 1 : 9-10)

%+ %-&@01 %+a\iY+j& ~ f +o] l af 4) 2 4 4 *A14 -3q E%\q ld 21 ~1 5SFAl 4-44 44 Wl4-

+

a picture exhibiting the scenery of a landscape

(dllEBi2 1 : 9-10)

MEANING AND SOUND

of a mountain

2%

sa su

+

hwa

7&%3 21 chang ~d +zl @ a chijng 3% $& 3 kwang

mountain climbing

+

LLl STAL a volcano

1)( S/ hwa TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

II

%\+p] 4. 4 a*d\x-l 4os S3\7141~j 9%$71 o\l-+Al %)A] 3. Ill ~t014) 4 3 A 1 3 ) ~ )aq & 4 S.11A1 e F 4 9 4 + 4 4 f5 R%s\q %S+q 4 5 0 1 2 7F.114 3 9 4 +-Ti 7\71 A ) Q ] ~ ]Jj ~ E 7 - 1 5%gl+%4. ($+E, Psalms 104 : 6 , 9-12)

I

3.s

3 01 q1. @ei%L4(zJ.q-44) : q 2.xol- Zgl40)5) ; o\+z] % zl-'rlF n o ] 4 : !3 01 A mountain is made of many tiny things. (Drop by drop fills the tub.) 2. S ~ O *4] iiF4 Z l - 2 el-4 a l l o ] ~ t + . Even though the great mountains are high, they are still under the heavens. 3. A I l l A E ( o J 4 o J ~ l ) : 4-$!-01dl+$ f 3 0 1 g o 1 POL AJoFEY.

at-)+ a.

i/"

66



This is the shape of a river or waterfall. The pictorial quality of the ideograph is sufficiently suggestive of flowing fluid, or water.

This represents a bit of the earth, the vertical line being something that grows out thru the earth. (Genesis 2 : 6 ) (Job 33 : 6)

su WATER

4 S. Rad. 85


4 7 1 hydraulic power

7.kf3Ez

f

7.k*l] fz)

utilization of water

7 ' 3 @ @ f &f

EJ-

a hydrogen bomb

7k& 9 9 swimming 7kH ++ a canteen;

&q@ ++

AJ


+ $% 71 ki

01 3%%I] 21 ri 8 ~ 2 %'@ % p'ok 9 9 & % yang 4 6 %j 5% t'ong g + % a pYy6ng

+

a water bottle

the horizon


1.

3-41 ~3 % & 3 x x + + : 4 42 4 1 %J44-&qAyl.zf.G dl 2 6 ) ZAJ ~ %J;tt;F+ 3. One who has burned his

lips with broth blows on cold water. (Once bitten, twice shy) 2. CLl&7K& 4 8 9 4 : -lP W L @ % 4 4 4 Y-24. I have fought in the mountain and have fought in the sea: which means I have experienced all the world in my life time. 3. a t 4 4 1 &F%,~i"-F41 %F% ~ J % ~ t xoJ4. ~ o l

67

t'o SOIL EARTH

3 S. Rad. 32


kB

SzJ

an earthen pipe

&%

+_7]

earthenware

MEANING AND SOUND A ZJ * g

a kwan

3%$$$ 71

ki

f--S%Z+% product of the district 99 san &@ soil @ 2 yang & ~ F f i % @ rx)&+-4landownership % a XI chi 21

ks 44-

aboriginality; indigenous

++

5 1

ch'ak


E41+ 7 3 q 4 &# 25%??l+. Before the appearance of porcelain ware almost everyone used earthenware. 2. 7tZ)E.q zk.B@& E @ l $ $ z )e~o 1 4 . Kanghwa Island's local products are the floral pattern mattress and persimmons.

1.

?$2# z g o l 4.971

3.

+7t *%Ffi*@$Ei$od.;(1

O,FotLL4IsL.

Would you find out who has the landownership?

.r'

68

.A-


j L


69

\u

-m

This is the farming field. In ancient times, it was a field partitioned into nine sections, in which one section's harvest was offered as the tax. It became adequate to show the drawing of a field of four plots "2 ;lr;! of land, with irrigation ditches all around the edges.

BI


mm*@

pastoral literature

z J % ~ j %country

@ffl "d

-4;

%

fields and gardens

;a%+$

life

FIELD 5 S. Rad. 102

g$

MEANING AND SOUND

m%/$4%paddy fields and dry fields fflm ZJa

You can see m representing "field" or "land," and or a "plough. " To nong plough the land is symbolical of agri- AGRICULTURE 13 S. culture.

chlin

04 Q %


&

tap

@3 @

won

J$!

%$hak

f$)%$@rm@&

!&

+A)

an oil field


$+ r x 1 ; %e;

I

fields)

2.

$64 3 53% an Agricul-

J$!${$@ +q3 the crops; I$$% ++ a farm I$!$$$ +$ a farm village

farm produce

3)%

3 ~t % El

sa

GP

a hy6p

3-4-71

tong

714 {$ 3 chak

~ 1 %% T4 c h a w 01% t;) s ch'on


9

3 9fQ-4. The land right in front of one's house. (fertile

"!. "4

farming

tural Cooperative Federation 1

4 941

MEANING AND SOUND

+$ agriculture

% saeng

a salt farm

1. P'J3s;ia4$(+3JQ3) : 4s

%

+A1

1.

k4-9 4 1

&t'F?&ol

72 q 4

4k%ol

3%f4 +2 B+1

* 24-

It is called a bumper year when the harvests from the fields are bountiful.

471 +1;]7jl-4 9x22 @$xGF431 %P t3Q412-1 63-992 4 44. When I retire, I will spend the rest of my life in

2.

the beautiful countryside rather than in the crowded city.

8 qO1

XI *% 4 CfE 71 $5 7-ll.te.r. 4 W 1 BE$ AM*

$lJB$i$o] 4. When tillage begins, other arts follow. The farmers therefore are the founders of human civilization. (D. Websler)

3. CJllq #i%41+ 1970 q7l-z) @ H o ] 294. Chuan in Inch6n had saltfarms until 1970. ;la

70



This symbolizes shoots; the young stem-like growth arising from a plant. An example of this would be alfalfa sprouts or bean sprouts. Sprouts(") in the field(l3).

This denotes the shape of a fountain. The water of a spring is pwe. That condition is here represented by symbol for white, which is the uppermost half of the character only 0.

my0 SPROUT 9 S.

mqa

-B+

(

*

MEANING AND SOUND

&%'&aH-& 9%a sapling; a young tree +-I;-

-4-

,mE)B+l- a 'cc-\ I,$$@ 19%a \ /

rice nursery

3Ziq

a commercial nursery

#$& 3 ~description )

u]

13

5%45 the tea ceremony -lz)

3 "2

seedbed; a nursery

@$$Be +9*bZl

3%~4

an author

4 mok aF sang

& 9 ppln @

++ 941

2 4LT A

@& $-2J @& 3 23

E myo ,

'@%

4-4f 8 ct ta & % Xj ch6

97). : o)+

2s

$37 .

a%&,

* g o 1 g-g+ %Z)+ 9. No bud will burst from a roasted bean. (All hope is lost. ) 44-01


+ chong


1.

1

SPRINGWATER

9 S.

jg

HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS -ii-

ch'6n

71

2. 2231 71 ~ 1 - 9 k % E@41A-1 G6tA-1 &d "2 k 2 8 ,I@+. When young rice plants are transplanted from the seedbed to the ricepaddy it is called monaegi. 3. Lj%, %AFI 941+ @E&&7)@ST. There are many commercial nurseries in front of the East Gate in Seoul.

%2J

- ' _

MEANING AND SOUND

% .7

spring water

f su

a mineral spring

3% @ 8

a brine spring

&%

hot spring

@ $El

kwang y6m

4 ~ *E 9 E on 2%

the headspring

@ ' 3

won


9%44 : x)717b 5 5 1 3

x-]5 ~ X-11 $.I+ ~]"#i.;t~++ 3. A thirsty fellow digs a well. (Anyone in want should work out a plan to satisfy his desire.) 2. EA41L-1 -&@S)d E f l @ o l 21 s.SJ+. If YOU bathe in a hot spring, it is a treatment for skin disease. 3. [a)0) 4 % .$ggq~ ~ 1 0 J d@M41X l $01 94. This is a symbol of a hot spring. There are many hot 1.

+ ) g R)*o]

springs in Korea too. 4. %L~-\EfL-4 @ B e ] 4

9x1 6 ) t G ?

~7Jiq 0\

72



73

3l0/f o@(o( pfq -

-

--

This suggests the shape of water running down, as in a stream. The three lines indicate the course of the stream's currents.

--

1 ,

L

---=

This depicts a picture of an islet, sandbank or delta in the middle of a river.

ch'6n

chu REGION STATE 6 S.

STREAM RIVER 3 S.

F

3%


111 @ 3q stream and valley 11% 3 9 river-fishing

1 4 3 a riverside 11I@2J rivers and lagoons l-4)11 hills and streams CLIIII@* 4 % ~natural + scenery A

J

~

MEANING AND SOUND

9 $$ 3 kok

4-92

El

71-

%!

3$

$$E!!

TY~P

E! py6n,, t'aek

4 l-4 bj san -3 @ 3 ch'o


LFTqkq- : A] F&K& PZiL +,F 9Qq-k9. The blind man blames the ditch. (It is useless to complain. ) 2. i%Lt.lAJll(iL~&q 2d) : %& m$ 3 E. High mountains and large rivers. 3. J l l R + , # , ( ~ + ~:4356) ) +lz) g x 3%. Continuous flow. 4. I-LIJII@B(~J~.~ 7) : 13%+ 3 .x*4 x 9 2 - 6 1 Nature's appearance has never changed. 1. k;d 61 MJ11

$a.

MEANING AND SOUND


j'Ibl@F2 provinces and counties $113 $-3 established by the state

3%

d'l'lg f $

24

a national guardsman

$ l h 1 % ~44 *I the

governer of a state

"2 3

3

2 kun rip

3P

$0

Y ~ Z

XI chi


1. %!%!4& $lj~F4 $11 &R7) 94. In America, each state has its own government. 2. N!iYkb&4719 Z i ~ t 9 4 4 $4. The state college is hundred miles from here. 3.

944Sf S ZM#@ 4

+

$+XIJ~II@%

eJk-4.

The National Guard received special training for two weeks during the summer vacation season. 4. $H%S+

%I34011 43.9 &B&%83@33J4.

The governor announced a new educational policy in yesterday's newspaper.

74



6

JAI,,

This picture represents a stone. The stone is located near a cliff. This is made use of as a radical.


6%efi-(4 6%

6.a

71 A1

4 the Stone Age

4A

5 S. Rad. 112


A{%4 4 a burn; kg $Ad Mars

LH tae rt% @B yyiim

-$ petroleum

J

71

~

+

% yu

3\+

% ~ , t9an t

6%24 % coal

6E#$ 31 9 limestone

21

AS

l L 6 3)4

This is the sign of rising flames or fire, as it evolved from a pictograph of a campfire. Like Heraclitus of ancient Greece, Eastern thought has long compared life's vicissitudes with the flame: from fire come Rad. 86 9 Zt ashes, and from ashes comes life anew.

s6k STONE

MEANING AND SOUND

rock salt A?

75

L]

&

and stone

%

2 9 mun

&Q

fossilization; petrifaction

kiim

If: St

hwa

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. Ad 43 xi 4q *+q 314 4 H&+z] +z.+ : %dl 71 611 711 DJ iiy 3. Kick a stone in anger, and you will

%*I

+

I

t-+*A {@ &k sang 3 a ~Gng

&z

q % O$

gunpowder

$% cremation q z q fire accident

SI hoe

inscription on bronze

a scald

MEANING AND SOUND

k%Rf&3\z4 X$

fire insurance

@

TJA~J)~

zq*& X

E

yak chang

% XH chae f% ~ H PO

I

I


F

1.

i

Fire accidents occur from cigarettes, short circuit or from careless usage of kerosene stoves. 2. @A@#+ -*4) -7- 21414 44 +kdl 4 - w A @ El 61) @Se1+. Fire drills are conducted twice a year and one is scheduled for next Tuesday. 3. M Z R A ( 9 + 4 3 k ) :$+x+ d,qg g + + ; q %%4+l % 01 M 13%. As clear as daylight.

L

A x + %g9614%BIZ,33 ~F4-4TEE8 603 47d.q.

+

hurt your own foot. (Quarreling does not pay.) 2. 47) 7) 41+ *] S o ] 2149 01 3 d, *] S-...... (%I] #:z 28 : 22) This stone which I have set as a pillar shall be God's house...... (Gen. 28 : 22)

.a

I

76



m

rn

JL J L J C r

r

c

7t

This is a picture of a four way street. The ideograph is a crossroad. So, quite naturally, it has come to mean "walking" or "to go. "

PA

72 gj

4 1 %&,Fa s!

77

J g L JL J * l P 1Dr 7+r i k r

People are walking down the crossroad. ka So there are-foot prints ".( . 2 )z ~ l o n g t t ~ s t r e e t . STREET It appears to be a crossroad. 12 S.

haeng

.*-

WALKING TO GO 6 S.

714

71

I



MEANING AND SOUND

9)

ff% ~8 3 march fi%TE!l 3 HJ%"dissing; lost fig $I+!peddling; an itinerant

9%% % m y h g 8-4 i% &t sang

fih $9 pedestrian;

"1% A

-1-

TI-.']

a wayfarer

fi& J' 3 administration $f,fi-$-3 fashion; popularity

3 kun

L

i

& 5j 3%f i 5

ch6ng

1

2.

6 %4 ++ 9 - 7 1

1

4.

6 A + 472% 39 4 Egsq r;F.

0)

34 *z fiA+

4Jq 0)

5;F

When pedestrians cross a road they must be cautious and vehicles likewise must watch out for pedestrians. 3. fiajkE%%$%i&H4l r 3 44 F;1+. Administrative districts are well defined even on the city map. 4. El%&+ 4 4 +-€I -?-q q z q $7&@-% p&Al q 3 4.

72 jg

4-5-034 a soapbox oratory;

s i r 5 a road lamp

g@@i 71rf %@ 4-71

ryu

Night marches are very difficult because the way is not visible. 7

@$!@%

g@lB


1,

g s 715 a highway a wayside speech

.,! in

k i i

MEANING AND SOUND

a roadside tree business section

Lii to

+

4 ~1 3 - tu 9 @ 2 y6n 72 @ i~ ro 4-7-4% %I-.')

e su

% &!

Sang

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. 471 q 4 T N J ~ ~f%j@&34] + 9% 834. When

election time rolls around, the candidates are enthusiastic in their speeches. 2. 4 % W 0 1 ] 4 %S%Eo] . 4 3 4 4 7? 271 4) t!Z$lJS!+. Even in the middle of a dark night, it is easy to find your way because the street lights are lit.

+*

3. @%&+

4 S41 ~1

z-+% uJ54 54.

T h e roadside trees make cool shade in summer.

78


der~ahf~h~rh,,.

9G H

This is a pictograph of a bird@), bending chi its wings and darting downwards to the _ ARRIVE earth and reaching it. (Z) is the modern form. '-MACH 6 S. "1 g XI Rad. 133


zq ~

1 %so far; up to now $,%BE71586 express mail

MEANING AND SOUND

01 241 +2

92 kiim ,%2 ktip

+61,?u

$A

21

$@ ~1

4 the

greatest possible

33 ~ 1 4devotion;

LH tae

@

Ej t6k

S

perfect virtue

g$!$ ~ 1 l Jthe highest

sA

good

sincerity

33 JJ

JJ

5 +-J s6n %

s6ng


1.

2E$nFz1 z*Qwl

xj

gm;-+ 3x1 930-19.

.!

So far, I have had no reply from him yet. 2.

3,3@@4++a01~1 *p] +el t!y 2~1-1""--' 7 7 - +?4%014. L

Express mail is expensive, but delivered quickly. 3. 3 3 6 1 9 %X : sl-3% && %+ ~i 1& %+&q-. Sincerity moves heaven. (Heaven helps those who help themselves. )

+%

C 3


The water (7K) flows down to the low land. T h e river must have a bridge. This character is the combination of ( 7 ) and (I)(. 7 ) is the transformation of (7JC) and (I) is shape of I beam. It represents a river.


of a river

a@,3 % a river breeze a$#7,FE rivers and lakes; scenery

kang RIVER

6 S.

MEANING AND SOUND

a@ 7k9 the south of river (..' h ; d ~ u ) ?Is riverside; riverbank ?xm7k4 rivers and mountains ?I#g7k8 the width

79

9 nam

\LF

71 3 Y 4

py6n

l-4ALt san

+- f-El % p'ok Z+

@, z p'ung *$$d 3 ho

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. tk%bllA-1

%-- 4

Lo1

fe :&0!7\?

Which river is the longest river in the world? Rivers and mountains may be easily changed, but human nature is changed with difficulty. 3. X j + q KZC41+ 4 ~ 1 7 ) 1874 24. There are eighteen bridges on the Han river in Seoul.

LL -2

80

,

' Ll %\%A@, Characters; the Earth


------. -----

-- -

81

- C I -

---

A Navy ship participates in the Team Spirit operation in Korea. This character is the combination of water ( j ) , people ( r )and the figure of the top view of a ship(@) . _ A sailo; salutes on the deck of ship. fil It means sea.

*)+

This character is originally represented as the open field or a flat land. There are a lot of trees growing. Later on, it became a village (Eli) or rural district.

hae SEA 10 S.

(@+El

MEANING AND SOUND


-@@ 51 ft Navy

@sf 3-l Q disaster a t sea; ship wreck

2 ~ ) - 3 kun

4 11 9 gf 9 84 9 marine products 9%#j s a)% # Ql 4 overseas; abroad g@%ii.Y the open sea; international %%% 2 S

1

nan


\

B 8%

' e@ :o\D&

mu1

8s'

oe kong

\

territorial waters; a marine belt

9 L Y $fi 3

ry6ng


01 m 9 ) : 5s 7k-301 BF+ e)+% 2 f l g 3 4 . (@g$ 1 : 7) All the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full. (Ecc. 1 : 7) 2. @f$@01 X0d 4 7)? DO you see the costline? 3. 4%zJ-4 4 @%d~@@@t%1980 4 4 1 WE%+. I graduated from the Korean Naval Academy which is in Chinhae in 1980. 1. I

,

I .3 4 7F-4

,

u&

\

.

MEANING AND SOUND

baseball a. party out of power

barbarism; savageness ambition; aspiration

b\nd.

Bg 0102

military encampment; bivouac

%$!f

field (of endeavor)

waters

$a$$9 4

i FIELD

s o )

I

%%?ku

+ ~ l -1 3 tang

a*-d-i.q @ 2 man dI-3 g 3 maw ;d 02 3

y6ng

4-k % Z pun

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.

BH4 9% BBBI-s @%A@414 Z+B+

73

+%+.

Korea's little league baseball team won the little league world series three years in the row.

+

,@!ZWl %+%+ B&E.Y+ 3&']++2]

%z)+. Garden flowers are not as fragrant a s the flowers of the field. 3. Q 4 gg$ll@ 4 5 - g 39% %+. I gaind a lot of experience from the bivouac last summer. 2.

+

82

Piclorial Sino-Korean Characters

l n r

Characters: the Earth

I

83

ir-ir

Originally, it was designed t o represent eight ch6ng square lots of fields, divided among eight families, reserving the middle square for pubWELL lic use, and digging a well in it. T h e well 4 S. is represented by a dot. Elim, where were +S twelve wells of water. (Ex. 15 : 27)

The boy raced on a hurdle track. ( k ) originally means a mound but looks like a flag. This character represents a ground.

ryuk; yuk

a


#BEY #7k

MEANING AND SOUND

73 73 a checker square 33 $. well water zd xJH] the nine-square system

$u

4-01 f ~3'1 a kan 5 7K + su 9 E $1 Xi1 che

a town street

@#-+x~ oil

x# a x d

well

ceiling

fi A1 71 -$ fb G

xj4-

%?-$

a

A@ ~ f l + - continent; mainland shi

@@ 01 f

49 $@ 21

yu

%@

ch'6n



(9723.3

:

@@$-+z a footbridge;

MEANING AND SOUND

4 ~ @$ 1 iil kyo 2-4- 2 kun 72 % s ro s LH tae

of dividing the land

fi# A] 33


+3+ 44.

One who is thirsty, makes a fountain. 2. #kJ&2&(zd3jx1+) : -%+it0J 7fl7-cl. A frog in the well. (He did not know the ouside world. ) 3. (7k73472) : %%+ +g+ q-+ +*x+ 3 x 4 q-s 4. The well that has tasty water runs dry before the other wells because people drink only from that well.

@q

4+?

@@

a overpass

Army; the land forces land route take-off; leaving the ground

4%landing

gik

ri

Z/ ch'ak

1. 4 @% %dl -I;+ & E 0 1 ?l-%Llnt? What kind of store is in front of that overpass. 2. +&;S%F@S + % 4 - ~ F ~ F 4%@%dl Aka+. I joined the U. S. Army as soon as I graduated from high school. 3. %A@+ 441 f 7F S.$H3!lo-l Q? Who and when discovered America? 4. 4J7fl 7) y&*l 771 4 $_ZZ&q$jfk$@Eo] 4 2 4. If it is very foggy it is difficult for aircraft to land and take off.

84

Pzctorzal Sino-Korean Characters


One sunny d a y ( H ) a widow came to visit the cemetery, in memorium of her husband. In front of the grave there is a cross(+) which is the figure of the soil (k). It means a grave.


g@# Be] g;fi g% 3.11 _g_Aj

GRAVE 14 S.

MEANING AND SOUND

Q-Z a grave mark; a grave post

a tombstone; a gravestone

9

t%! 3 P'YO @

dl"!

H I pi

a gravestone

6 4 siik

a memorial service held before A1x)-

?$$ Xi1

che

41~)-$E!

the grave

ga 3-4 burial ground; grave yard %g %9a grave; a tomb

AIsa $- & XI!chi l

-I;G~

%2

pun


+

1. +$dl $31 $5 41 4 5 71 8 0 1 c). Hark from the tombs a doleful sound. (Issac Watts) 2. @%+--44 2 4 4 4 01 O ) - ~ C Lq2-1 7LF 8 01 q. T h e buried are not lost, but gone before. (Ebnezer Elliott) 3.

B@k W541 nl-02q4 -1Jq +&

4.

a,*\Eldl t B3w1

47). %+. I can not read the tombstone because it has been eroded away.

71-k 4-$-Sol

%+4 4.

When men find a good place to build a house or are placed in the open field, they prefer the sunny side. This character is represented by the sun(El) and s

my0


%%$0&qL %@ o&+

SUN

MEANING AND SOUND

~d74%!j

solar calendar

34

8 61%

%a 02x1 the sunny side ---,

Oisun

_-._ .------.*-'---

yang

relief; embossed carving

---__. _---

------

85

t$

5

kak

@

ry6k

1'% ? Xt &!?, XI A EH

s6ng cha chi t'ae


1. B+

44 E. %$ 9x1 3 4 ~4 7)- x]E.+ i-+g31 2cL.

(41

dl&& 4 : 26) When you a r e angry, do not commit on sin; do not remain angry until sundown. (Ephesian 4 : 26) 2. 84 9 9 0 1 %-%-8fl 2 d 01 q. (Q?i-!B 3 : 15) T h e sun and moon will grow dark. (Joel 3 : 15)

B%41 Ef5Xt.f @$IJS\+.

In agriculture the lunar calendar is more convenient than the solar calendar. 4. B%@%%@ 7J %) : +x] 7)- OJZ] 3 3*q. 3.

86


One sunny day ( 8 ) a camper pitches a tent on the camp ground (+). The tent is made of strong cloth (a). It means curtain, hut.

3.

w*

I++

Tree

Trees

'

mak CURTAIN

14 S.

47.. q


%Bw!

q7J interval between acts or scenes

%% Df-xF barrack ",FTbehind the curtain

% & q4 the opening X835~ a tent 7

MEANING AND SOUND

401

B!E

7,c kan

& 4 shik 4 & AI sa 71 f& P hu

ceremony

7H

%I$X

kae

a ch96n

m% 441q the falling of the curtain

%%

%%% %9 concealed

4 % % Sg hGk

circumstances

FA

41 p'ye


1. %~BY% $dH3l4 zJ~1 E g q 2$$+ ZZ] &+4 4. I'd like to make an announcement during the interval time. 2. 1$+%?if301 4 -lnF % go11 A-1 94. He lives in the barrack because he is single. 3. 4 g $kg41 78?477Fd 4-4 *4, I bought a tent in order to go camping this summer.

xsg

Z (mok)

9 Leaf

314 Fruit

$3(yap)

21 (k w a)

4 Bamboo 2 (chuk)

~14kl017t;l-r~F473--& 34- $1 d t %%* 8# @%dx $1 7)7J g u l l 3t %*+ 451 4-44 3 4 3 4 4 73-01 $4- 8# @%dl s *1 d t %%:,sF 8# I % 4 r $1 77F7.J %ufl 9! t I++ 9 4 4 $ 4 d q 2x1714 %%~jz).xjq01 514 0)%61 344 01 + 41 4 301 4 51. (filJEZ12 1 : 11-13) God said: Let the earth produce vegetation, various kinds of seed-bearing herbs and fruit-bearing trees with their respective seeds in the fruit upon the earth; and i t was so. The earth produced vegetation, various kinds of seed-bearing herbs and fruit-bearing trees with their respective seeds in the fruit, and God saw that it was good. There was evening and there was morning, a third day. (Genesis 1 : 11-13)

A 1 Lq.(?*El,Psalms

4 92 : 12)

1

@3?**01

@R%Fzl

*"

88

89

Characters; Trees

Ptctorial Sztro Korean Characters

Q, YK X H

a*I.l

The top part represents branches and the bottom part roots. Hence, tree or wood, in general usage.

The plural of tree (*) . Double trees-hence grove.

mok

rim; im GROVE

TREE WOOD 4 S.

8 S.

Rad. 75

HIG

FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

*$+% ____-.+.' 3-n)

*~ E* +

carpentry

-+d trees and stones 8 4 timber (Rd? 74

a great tree

#% 9 ~k $

%$1S kong 9 lE 01 ma

z$-oJ

a wooden horse

P i 2 3

5 zlj 5-

@# +i3d

XI chae

/r$$#

3 E 3 1 k 6

a++

I

/

i

1B t I

a

I.

4194% 6-1 9 4 %%q *tcF28 54 5%4.When Jesus was a child, he helped his father with his carpentry business.

8 0)

forestry

"-?.

% a GP

mountain and forest

9-1 l-LJ

ya

Q san

&+-I;-@ 8 song

a pine tree forest

44-7-rf!'

q 2 bamboo forest

3 chuk



1. 4+7) LE4 ~14 :!1o1 ~)'1-F2Jdr. When the tree falls, there is no shade. ?. 9 1 ++*z) 41 A j -l&-++ : 941 A1 qf&QJ+ %I33 9 % 9%47) *$-&A] 9.Meeting an enemy on a single log-bridge. 3. 42 4 6-1 -lJ d 4 XI - = 47 & 4. Ten strokes, and any tree will fall. (repetition and continuity)

-%

forest and field

iw++d 04

6 4 s6k $f

MEANING AND SOUND


MEANING AND SOUND

1.

,

+,

5 q H h ("4 df 440 DL, 14-@414

84 LA+"J)

R

71 1

~ ~ 100 LA ~ o ~ ~~ Bq~O I ~ 9.Ten years to cultivate trees, but a hundred to groom

$

people; a long term plan for fostering talent: the difficulty of nurturing talent.

2. #%+ z])~] Lf @@+qO~S@] @+. i,

: 47-k 10

Forestry has a lot of

relations with construction and paper manufacture. 3. @# 7]-n)o] 34 i?isi5;t+ 30 + 1-dq. They say that if you live close to a pine forest you will live long life.

90


Characters; Trees

This character indicates a forest, using more than two trees to denote a forest.

sam FOREST 1 2 S.

This character is formed from grass(+), a generation(E), and a tree (*) ; leaves are upon the tree (now R). It means leaves.

94.1 $3

HIGH FREQUENCY COMFOUNDS

%%%$?$? x,F~ie,F+!-

%$$ %% $%& 49 A

J

~

MEANING AND SOUND

all things in nature

a forest; a wood woody; bosky

@ , 21 ra ~ U .,F J a man ++ $$ rim 3%

AJ

$@

422

solemnity; graveness

sang am


1.

e ~ ]4

$$%&@-& ZLSZ) 4-61 St+. When night falls, all

things of nature go to sleep silently. 2.

01 +tq 4 s+ &$#+4l $4

;($

a+ a 5 0 1

~$4.

Among the houses in this area there are many that are hidden in the woods. 3. E B * ] %3Zbr,Ej A@. Sg7F &&z)t+. When guests of the state come to visit, security is very tight. 4. 3 Ball4 4. The palm leaves are the symbol of victory.

++

+

Y ~ P LEAF 13 S.

:

4.554 4

F

MEANING AND SOUND


-I-= ~3&

%$&g q-?& chlorophyll

@ & a postcard

5

%@ 4 a brass coin %@ $3 (leaf) tobacco

%-as,

17~ M0 3defoliation;

(3%

0

91

€

a needle-shaped leaf I

t

rok

Ad s6

@

5

fallen leaves

f

a

ch6n

3 ch'o

%q+l 3 HE?$f b

rak ch'im

?~'I'~A CONVERSATIONAL L USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

1. 9@7l*s ] 4 . i i G a l g.qxJt+. The deep red leaves fall down from the tree. Last weekend, I sent a postcard to my younger brother. 3. @@Jo] 51% 2-& 33@3$7) 271 d)+)+. The plants are green because they have chlorophyll in them. 4. 01 $fS@#biz%%4-4-. This area is famous for its coniferous forests.

92

/


Just as today man rides cars, and not long ago mounted horses, so man in ancient times cli es. Zaccheus and a sycamore tree. -4)

Characters; Trees

Represented by a man taking a rest under a tree. This character means "to rest."

siing

93

hyu REST

TO RIDE TO MOUNT

k

4 > 4''

6 S.

1

2

9 S.

(%+%)

FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

3 ,,

74

?&$N+u)

L

MEANING AND SOUND

a passenger

+

horse riding

9 ,% at

3EgR

a crewman

?@@%+2)?J a railroad ticket @ ' !% getting a lift; a hitchhike

9%Tk+

a shared ride; riding together

4

kaek

ma %+%?mu

@ 4% f F2 & 5%)

Xt ch'a

p'y6n hap

#@ W7F a

#%

Z@q %%% %4]+ Aq&50] $4. Among the passengers on the Seoul-Inch'iin electric train there are many college students.

2.

9% E

~ Z

t8%)+%%%+ !$j,%Ez)-z 94. Policemen

who work while riding horses are called mounted policemen. 3. %BB%(SSzk7) : *F841 01 7J R % S ~1-12-7-1 4 4 $01 4 -+l;ZJ t 2. Making long march flushed with victories. a. ai.E&$ ( + k ~ f ) : 9%01 %%I.$ ED&@. A flight a t night.

4% @

vacation

477k giving no lecture

501

%%!s W41 4 a rest room @A$. &Y

&3&7J

rest; relaxation

l,r:vr

.-;@

f"

suspension of power gupply

#%{@& WzJzi~$ a +d_gzd


1. g.tfb7

MEANING AND SOUND


treaty of armistice

a ceasefire agreement

$

$2 $9 7J71

71 ka

% 3 kang

! .Al

ke

%a %a

ch6n

,e,4 shik ch6n

£9 ti&EI~ Y G P 4 ch6ng


1.

A@&+q

d] 55%

~ J 3 4P%E ##i$q9 q. Demonstration

of the students made the cancellation of all classes.

+

% ~ l - + 3 2 4 4-71 4 %614, #,'i3sI-k4 -S Wl-71 4%*1 4. (SYLD] ~ Z PWe ) sleep to get up, and we rest to work. BH+ %PFI'JQ %Zq4 G. I have a glan to 3. ;c-l .t +#%bJ

2.

visit my home country during the annual leave.

94


Characters; Trees

Fruit trees(*) grow in the backyard. When it's harvest time, a left hand holds a e b r a s h while the right hand ~ i c k soff a fruit. It means generally "to take up," "to adopt," and "to collect."

visible sign of prohibition.

95

ch'ae TO PICK

11 S,

4 ill

I


%,&

ss

3-71

-%'& 'k4

MEANING AND SOUND

,e

43 53

taboo a proscribed book

a fast; observing a fast

%-4prohibition of smoking %%!&&%++Fq asceticism %I@

* 4- f+ removal of a ban %XZ

A{ s6

f% 4 471 I@ a UJ

.

71 ki

shik

1 I I

++ f& G yok

:

9

5s

t

f% 4 hae

1. oJr41Y t a(sa SPY~r fiR41 3x1 %Q+. B e ~ i i s ~ ~ c oare w ssacred in India, even if they wander around downtown one can't capture at will.

eg

I

y6n

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE;.

-i? %$1;4\ 4 Eli- 8 %o$- 31371 51534. Jesus fasted and prayed for fourty days in the wilderness. 3. ,S*%k(+;iFS4) : ;its4 4 f-XI 4 4 a.No parking. 4. 4& 3E B R 4 1 4 4 4*+r %TI-. Shooting is prohibited within the precincts of the temple. 2. 41

I

I

i

HIGH FREQUENCY COMPONDS

B@& @mining

%x@ %a

34

2 4 3

MEANING AND SOUND

4% % 3! kwang

%% a skylight; a dormer digging; mining

%% 54 4- acceptance; adoption @%&5fl JJ grading; marking %$f$21) 4 collecting %@ 34 choice; selection

8

%$

9

%

cch'ang

S kul

9 H 8 yong ~2 %& a ch6m x-$ chip 7F3 @ Elj t'aek


1. -2%%$E% 9-51 2 4 ~ l - 0 1 &%4 4. Insect collecting is my second son's hobby. 2. 4k -Z-%flAj 9-3XA71S %fT%q. I started to collect stamps through pen pals. 3. a ; F W GBEi 4% A l T - t 3 4 4-W-l 294. Korea's civil service examinations started from the Koryii dynasty.

am

96


Characters; Trees

**&,

+

97

*.

This character was represented by the leaves of bamboo. This is made use of as a radical.

chuk BAMBOO

6 S. Rad. 118


@% +771

bamboo ware

@% ?i+l a ?nF

MEANING AND SOUND 2%

'??*A a Dutch wife @#@?A1 I% bamboo work %% +7ebamboo shoots[sprouts] /C.5-% P%bamboo spear ?+bJ

71 ki

+$ # a rim

bamboo thicket

a bamboo horse

#

,% ~t ma 4 4 4 4 35 F PU 9

+oJ

1% kong

q+ %

8 + sun @ a ch'ang


1.

fiB+

el 7F & +4l

34 XI-$+.

Bamboo shoots grow fast after rain. 2.

Bamboos A black-and-white painting by Rev. Jong-bok Kim, author's brother

PSI"d B&314+4 4-F-7F $ 4 . ~ l - * i L 34.

Our garden has many bamboo trees growing. 3. 49,%2E(+nF31+): %pl-9 4-3 3 ;4 3

4-?-~4 201

-24 4-33 . %-S&E(=+l-~+-). A childhood friend; the friendship of bamboo horse.

98


Characters; Trees

A tree enclosed in something can not grow, and is, therefore, troubled or suffered.

%$a fix; a crisis

2i~ hardships; privation

a% 2% poverty; destitution m% %$

difficulty; trouble

%@ V t shortage; indigence

@m 31F exhaustion; tiredness

MEANING AND SOUND

~ 1 4@ 3 kyijng 4 ~ ~ k~ o

%% % 2 443 7F32

$% k!

3 1+%

@ nl


g% oj % glory g B 4 4) honor

3

a pin p'i

4% RWZFAl22

p!+x

nobility and glory

75 @$ ~JAJ E Z.

a ch6n

%9 @

p6n

S chon

%$&Bs(9 xAJ &] ) : Rise and fall, prosperity and decline. 2. (+a9 3\) : Riches, honour and splendour. 3. %& gq 4F71 r @#2 %+33014. (Arthur Coxe) 1.

+

+.EAlLE ~ L s q - .

Poverty makes you sad as well as wise. (B. Brecht) 3. SB3YcF7I- 7Fkbll71+ 3 x4 7)*3!l.+7) +-%-4l~l+ 3 01 4 54, Riches come better after poverty than poverty after riches. (John Ray)

@% $9

prosperity; welfare

3


BW1 34-33441 &5WL*. 1 7 ) L)bll A1 R % q FGZ4 3 -% f 4 4 SF. When you fall on hard times, call to God, 7)*$

a promotional transfer

o j TJ

then he will comfort you and give you a light of hope.

2.

%@$ g%

3 kwang

@ a1 ye 3 q (3PI wi

71

high position; an eminent position

nan

MEANING AND SOUND

2

9 +l a

kung


Y ~ Z HONOUR GLORY 14 S.

(%3*>


@%2 4

The figure of a flower tree(*) which looks like a flame(A) expresses the meaning, flower bloom like a burning flame, glory and prosperity.

kon DISTRESS TO SUFFER 7 S.

99

, I

Flowers are words which even a babe may understand. 4.

s%qE m -&%tq %%+ #i@fi%-4 4.

I pray for your successful business and prosperity of your company.

Characters; Birds and Fish

4.

,%%%

~ 4 % Birds and Fish

This character is the graphic representation of a common bird. This is made use of as a radical.

,

101

# L 4 E I3 ffi 41 d] Swallow

~9 Bird

~ f lBird

+z7]Fish

E! ( Y W

9 (ch' u)

35 (cho)

@I( 6 )

+ 4 k I 6 1 7I-5PF4 3+-% *@s %&a1 gF* 9 4 sF+q gall -t 4 7F 3251 -FH $ 4 4 01 9 -%37lsF3 0119 %&sk

=

HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS ~ 7 & 5 a

I(\

s

4 +-+I+ P-Zw+2 a w z , 9 7 1 1 9~ PS ~4s2 @%4s. %U%%F4 4 -ll-LFdq MI 714 %%4t+. i5b-l-q61 ZZ. 541 A1 a-9+-l 7FG44 &BzF.zr %@vI-q 4 4 -4-4*611 % %-lFG 4 er W1 Sf %I-* 344 4~4 01 4 4 6FJ; "1 4 01 -k 44 4 9014 %I. (BJf&Zt!, Gen. 1 : 20-23) gq +AS DL+ n s 3 4-1 A] i~&#J+ =z. 9 4 +! 35s &*4- 53S614 $+4 ~ 9 s F~F4-4 E4- %%ql 4 4 k 3 01 4 01 4. (Sf#$8 : 6-8)

*.

+

You have put him charge of everything you made; everything is put under his authority: all sheep and oxen, and wild animals too, the birds and fish, and all the life in the sea. (Psalms 8 : 6-81

bird's-eye view

,%@

3%a cage

gH

3iq

birds; fowls

,&#

ED&

a fowling net

4

*

a,%0-I

E a beneficial bird

cho BIRD 11 S. Rad. 196

MEANING AND SOUND

%-

@ a kam

4 2%- g rong ~4 % E ryu 3%@ 3 mang 61 3% 0-I ik

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. 8 ~ f l 7 )B J $ $ ~ + ZL* ~ 1 4 7 ) x l %f$+ : 4-7171 W-4.4%

ZZ.4IL 7.1 4%7F961 3 4k 3. * A sparrow does not skim over a rice mill. 3 % 441 5 2. ZZ.3611 s 4 : 61 ~1 4-3 5 6 1 4 q 3 4 3 01 g. A bird in the net. (dangerous situation) 3. 4 S @%% + ~ 1 4+-l &am+ $b%@l 2%4. Mr. Park drew the bird's-eye view picture of our company which we will be building. 4 ; q81 4 4% 4%. 4. ,@E2~fn(x97\ 9) : ~ f t!!q l (tiny things) Blood on the bird leg. .YiL

+

f

102



It is a symmetrical pictograph of the swallow bound for the northern h e m i s n h e r e m which is always a welcome sight in spring. The swallow is flying across the waters with a stalk (-) of grass(+.) in its

The phoenix was represented by its tail (G). In the religion of ancient Egypt, the phoenix represented the sun, which dies a t night and is reborn in the morning. It is a legendary bird.

yiin SWALLOW 16 S.

103

pong PHOENIX 14 S.

I


%% 9D4 oats 4.1

+- tuxedo

.

MEANING AND SOUND XS]

,

7

%!if$ 4k a swallow's nest

%% 4%? swallows and 4x1

sparrows

rouge and powder

@

ME S $44 % ff

pok

HZ!$!3 4

SO

Hlhx

34 @$ chak 471 @k $3 y6n

+ t r nigi+ 7,~4 : +-;z-F*)-EE. q q+ 4 %4+3. Though small, a swallow may travel to southern PO&+

China. (Even a small creature has its own speciality.) 2. A1 ~15$ @R3 3 8 41 4Jj The swallows 41 Eigi come to Korea in March and go to Kangnam in September. 3. A 1 4 3 D l 4 % 4 514 ~ q-&*1 & a$ *I-44. One swallow does not make a summer. i. %

7k45 %%$ 4531 %EN3q-4 g* E%slok %+.

We hav to order five tuxedos for the wedding this fall.

7

3 4 the royal carriage

maek

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION.

I. 41 4-


a pineapple

+AJ$

EB +3&

a garden balsam

a Chinese phoenix

MEANING AND SOUND

% f E)-t +dl 9 rydn ~ 4 ?$4 ! ZI~ri

x

3 3 hwa +q~fl hwang


1.

%EN@

3%): 201a t ? %& &&%

7)s) 71

+ 3.

Food that tastes very good. 2. @ M d l J j t 81% s g,@ $rp@SGdL A B k & 7.J %4*1 51 D)+ xdqq 2r 4.') 44, In Korea the high school baseball game called the Phoenix Flag competition is carried out throughout the entire country every year. 3. 1 R E % 4 x 4 *%+A1 $61 34 4 4 01 4. "The garden balsam grown under the fence" is sung as one of the Korea's famous folk songs.

+

4. 13 ~ 5 4-141 t

REP4

+7F

sot-4 94.

104



This picture shows a flying duck. I t resembles the modern space shuttle. This is made use of as a radical.

-

--

This character indicates clearly three birds in a nest on a tree.

pi

11 S.

9 S. Rad. 183

I

-'


01 bit

* -\.I

a flying jump 83 71

*fie

d*) d]

an airplane a pilot

sj% an airfield

%fi+R dl 3 S$

a squadron (air force)

@%

a great leap

44

MEANING AND SOUND

*


@ O$ yak 72 f i a haeng 8 % 71 ki

&% ~ 5 %a den; a haunt @g.k?Jvirgin honey

~ J d 1 % A t sa p F 9 % &! c h a w 7)+4 119 chung 41 EH tae +d % S ung

lives in a tree

9

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: & t

1.

so NEST

T O FLY

f,

@mq Z S @ % 4 AJxi -g %eBg ' 9%01' q-3. 01 ---4 -1%4. The Korean philologist Ch'oe Hy6n-bae called the

airplane nalt'iil (flying machine). 2. ,%%%A% ( 2 4 01 : ~)q-?l94 4 3 4 44- ; 5% 9% 4 qi3)x)p)zF 3 0 1 4 7J4k Q o ] 4. The crow flies and a t once a pear falls. (coincidental situation)

105

-&x&H ancient Chinese hermit, /\

< r4

I

@-Akg

a nesting hole

8% 4 k homing

I

+

:,a&+ ~h a bird's nest

MEANING AND SOUND

@ ,

S kul

-$i

a

3 who

5 pu

o)a]

27)q ~ 1 2 J 2

7~2 ZeF3

mil

8

Y po

hy61 71 kwi

4 ,% E

tho


1. oj +-rg o 1

93 E.FISZ3.53 3 0 1 9 0 4 A 3 k 4 zl 5

The 3.f-r~ k * .

fox has a den, and birds have nests but the Son of man has no place to lay his head. 2. %2E$& Fp7$$S)~ Z m g 7 K 7 ) 41 b ) d ~ + ? Isn't this the famous place where So Po and H6 Yu had their conversation? 3. +mq &%k 71 53 @kg$$c)x %)% ~1

PII %4- 2-g 4 0 1 $4.

106


I

-e& -0

7Q:

These are the long feathers of the wings of birds. The modern character still retains the outline of its original form.

107


(a) (a).

One sunny day which was a w _ u ( B H ) , a baby bird tried to fly by flapping its wings I t should mount up with wings as an eagle. (Isaiah 40 : 31)

u FEATHERS 6 S. Rad. 124

04 a J

-.

siip STUDY PRACTICE

11 S.

&

I

.

i


a?&+-aa crest

MEANING AND SOUND

2 % a kwan

aei+-Xa feather I

+Ad

the fan made of feather

a& +-q a robe of feather &%

+e_l

E$

s6n

A j2 01 iii

the right wing

, , PknL + 71A

4 0) *0)7J4 :

2

5-q-g-

4 LF4 9 A d 2 f 24+ 3. Birds take off after d i n i n g strength in their feathers. (Preparation goes before the execution of any business. ) 2.

4 54- 421 41 4

zsa14-33l-4%S*% 415%4-~1$4.

@B.,

+

&g g+g- 5011 9x1 $01, I.1? ~l-01 2-g 3. Zl%X n L 5 q 3 4. Among the items in daily use made of feathers are feather dusters, neckties, etc.

A @

practice; drill

\ ~ gstudy;

27)

61 eJ

tiik

Xt cha

3 &!. #$! a

9 ~fl+ @

learning

kwan

kang

ry~n Z! hak


1. Rgj* &rn %- 7)%- %$ &m4. Practice is the best of all instructors. (P. Syrus) 2. mEq

O ok7F4 %ET 7

L

+;-O?o]

"' " 4 aa-g%+l] +;-O?%l-GI

A-

zk. For physical training is of a little benefit, but godliness

When we say left wing in party politics, it represents the communistic parties. 3.

4 +Q 'B a 02% @ 5

g q =$x\ calligraphy; penmanship %g @ 7ke31 an institute;a short course 64

36)*XI

habit; a custom

++ acquirement; learning

"+


1. J +

alB%x$ a

2 % ~ m o

+%fl

MEANING AND SOUND


is profitable for all things. (1 Tim. 4 : 8) 3.

RB+ h8s'l!k%q44% %B%oIt.f.

Custom is the great guide of human life. 4. A] 2 4 X#O]4.Habit is second nature.

I08

1

vE


.db

46>,,,

H

This was eventually contracted to (g) : ab&d chip (E) on a tree (*). A gathering of birds may have created the character for "assembly" ASSEMBLY but as the saying goes, a gathering of TO GATHER 12 S. mosquitoes can create a noise like thunder. ,

This character, indicating a bird ($) sitting on a man's hand(X), means one or single ; .-and is uied as a counting unit for boats, vessels, ships and an odd one of a pair.

ch'6k SINGLE ONE

10 S.

Z+

"'

L-


szt 4

3 1

%@' 2 4

~9

Q tan

2%

4 chip

* + +

assembly; a meeting

x% $$

S I hoe

+ll.E2an

enlistment; recruitment

P+

P mo

q + $@

a p'y6n

bloc


+x

MEANING AND SOUND

st #I kye

4 4 editing; compilation

1.


49

41 totalization

$f$@ 43 a group; a mass; 49 concentration .%$$:4

MEANING AND SOUND

109


%%+ +W3t44 &%%+.

%\*I

Stamp collecting was my hobby in middle school days.

gs 4 4

9%&@ 71 ki

only one mounted soldier

&= L

@@ 3 04

unrequited love

A\%

@

shin

OH ae


I.

2;

Unfortunately, 2.

01

,'c\"J4

t&& +. his arm was ESt during the Korean war.

r SH&PG7\ %%'$ 3

---fi2plL;

I9

_ - '

4-@+ BmoI%i=+.

One of the Israel's leaders had only one eye. T h e advertisements for student enrollments are in a lot of the January and Februrary newspapers. 3. 2.2 El TI]%% %@!E*s 30 4 $371 4 -24 JJ~] 4. He is an expert a t editing, because he worked for 30 years as editor in chief of a monthly magazine.

su

3. R5i4 3 B ~ 1*F#& 4 4 3 4-4-3 4. One sailboat disappeared beyond the horizon. 4. Eg9 R R A a + 44-%01~D. "I-sLFi=+. Modern people call ch'6k-ae tchaksarang. 5. B %BE (4$4 ~ 1 :) A very small sum of money.

11 0

-



11 1

eg2qjifq --_-__ ssang

This character indicates a g a i r --of - birds (w) sitting on a man's hand(77,). It means . --a palr or a couple. -*--

PAIR 18 S. ,.pH


MEANING AND SOUND

!$!g+-ti-(*]) twins gfj +H& both parties %% + g twin graves

!!!!!*%f.

both hands

!!@a&9 9 4 a binocular !!@%?)?$

a double-leaf window

Q ~ Q Ig P

+%

s tong

3 % pang

+ pun

aL * + s u

+ @ 9 a n ?$

%B

ch'ang


1.

+cl 3lEq

%!Sol

+ % 2%5$% :.+4.

T h e twins in our class wear the same clothes everyday. 2. Pzl-14 58 st97Foil 47F4 2 7 V # 3 4 -1@% %&B2 iz .7-4%4. We often go to the beach and watch the movement of whales and seals through binoculars. 3. 3]3%011"I-+- 4 - 9 f o l @k nfe f l ~ j-tI*...f. I am glad that the people, who fought last week, apologize to each other.

This character is made up of--"move" .- " " - (L),andchin "a birdy'(@). When birds "move," they always fly forward, never backward. So the character ADVANCE means "advance and entry." An orderly ENTRY 12 S. movement encouraged by the 4-0l-72a proverb: he who sows not in advance loses ground.

MEANING AND SOUND


%#! Z J an ~ advance; an attack %@-~ J sa course; a route %$ ~ J xprogress; advance %@ zJq entrance into a school

3@

kyiik

%s 4%-?9!ii 7J

of.

higher grade

JJS\ evolution

%g

FxJ propulsion; pushing forward

PO

~ 4 %@ 3 hak

I

g/k

ro

{k

St hwa

3 @

+ ch'u

SkQ


1. &ISrtBol 2 %!kc41 711 %%&f 31 f o-1 14 @3%i01 9 ' 34. President Kim offered a scholarship to the student, opening the door to his higher education. 2. @iks$++ t-)-%q+41+] C)ZE 2J 9 4 . Evolutionists are what we call descendants of Charles Darwin. 3. (xJ+1o,tL+) : Q2x =.o\aF 45 3 -11. 2 4 4 45 g.1 %?eF%& f a+ @&bJl A dilemma.

~~~~

mka,

11 2

Characters: Birds and Fish


gg@Bpi ----

This character represents -a flying up , toward the sky disappearing from sight, as if " becoming nonexistent. It is used to express 'a negative meaning.

-

pul, pu NOT NEGATIVE

MEANING AND SOUND

tB -F -qRj@ $7)+7 impossibility 4%% 5%$4 uncleanliness Fg$$,$4 71 hard times; depression; 7 )4

fiE k n ~ n g B 3 ky61 %. 71 ki

slackness; a slump

$3 %

$++j unfairness

T#j,WIJs + q irregularity TB ++ injustice +z)+

lack of freedom

q @ pp'y6ng

YI %! i? fedu & ~ l98

~ Y U

~ d tang .

& 8 YU

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1'

2J01 4 Xi+ 521 4 . 1 fl\ A-1 $4 Q 2x4 7-1

1. +g7;~yj(+s]$+j) :~

T

; 7)nl-8 d1~-14 7J

2%-

2. It gets dark

under the lamp. (Even though things occur near you, you do not know them as well as if you were far away.) 2. ;I;%%4l t rn2+%P %kt-+. At the time of a depression, we must practice austerities.

--

5

In another appropriate combination of radicals, this character for island is composed of (m) for mountain and (,&) for bird. Islands are open rocky or mountainous and are the resting places for birds crossing 4 E the sea.

4 S.


113

to ISLAND 10 S.

MEANING AND SOUND


,&iEE u J

the islanders

aq.'ij

g@ 5x1

islands

4 &@ Ad ~6 +4 @ 9 kun %-%?%F~u tlLF ? B pan

%& ?E a group of islands $!%A,!& F o J 5 an uninhabited

*&

~JE a peninsula

PI]&

02

za

chain of islands

island

.,! min

9% Fu B! ry61

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USA63 FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

1.

@mq 9 nk "l-4el- kEQ! -I%,#H*rf= 3-Wl @Wl& sf I&&L o] 3 q 3 4, T h e Korean territory is in the

++

eastern area of the Asian continent, also to the east of the Chinese mainland. It is made up of a peninsula and many islands. 2. @*& +%4+ ~ !@ R ie H $01 ~ 421 ~4 52 4. Japan, which is located to the east of the K ~ r e a npeninsula, comprises a chain of islands.

114

I


@ $$ @p$j C

I t represents the fish. A shape of fish defined clearly. Gradually, it had been modified in simpler form. A fish is the symbol of Christianity. "Come! Follow Me and I will make you fishers of men." f 3 7 ) O( (Matthew 4 : 19)

ffi

@,m

6 FISH

11 S. Rad. 195

MEANING AND SOUND


%#

Yz] # 3

0-1 3 a school of fish 0-1 n-j a fishing net 0-1 a fisherman

kun

$8 $Q mang 1 3 '& 3 6 tlq & ~ s6n

2%

'a& +

~ 7

RfiD 4-1J a fishing boat

$%M 0-1 + a fishing village

~1% $$ Z

ch'on


+

5.F 4 4 1 e-g 3 7 ) :+]q %lo1 4 SQ+ dl+% 9. A fish on the chopping block. (It can not be helped; beyond hope.) i-4 xJz;F : $4 *)-+q o)+ 3J;cjl7)- $j A)2. 3.4 *F-%41 4 9 %%I318q-3 9 A] %. In a fight between whales, the back of a shrimp bursts. (Third person gets hurt.) 3. $%** ffi(9l.+?q ) : ++41 +zj7i4 $?a71% ; 2Exd 3 1 $qEq 2% S)d ; I . Seeking a fish in a tree. 4. --&.%%(~0-1 *+) : ~).zl 271 7).%% Zqq. A tiny fish pollutes the whole stream of water. 1.

+

a++

+t Animals

\

0

"

5.

+

9 Horse

& Ox, Cow

8(4

+ Bear

0,t

Sheep 3 (yang)

8 (ung)

4 asf s)+g 01 82% &@ %%S49Wl -1@ 4% ~1 3 4 ~ ~ 1 . ~1 -3 g r += q ~ ~ r 9 1 3 OF+O~ q + ~ 1 9% ~ 1 7 ) 1- 01 Go1 4-. 01 $4 01 g ~4 )o)%L:d-01 & o)-$-:d-ol n+ fig4- 9-W 4sf 34 -1s GGoll~1 01 -5% f 4 iq- (@j#;z 2 : 19-20).

+

+

Out of the ground the Lord God had formed all the beasts of the field and all the birds of the air and He brought them to Adam to see ... So Adam gave names to all the domestic animals, to all the birds of the air and to all the wild beasts. (Genesis 2 : 19-20)

&pq9+ P+ !&%I-% 4k-&R 5;F 5 4 fi#fl0120-1 9 4 4 9f $bl1 !&&+ R;kf711 4-514 7) 3- 5 i mIdclr *%*I 3 S B ~ Z +41 7 1 + 2 S ? d 6 1 1 @ % % 4%-#%%4 3 ~]A]s+ as14 rr &$+ R@711 %l-5).(fiIJ#k$Z, Genesis 6 : 19-20)

116


8 *El Characters; Animals

Q h* ,. The rat or mouse, represented ass6 teeth, with a =rat is the RAT of the Chinese twelve horary signs (-I-13)MOUSE . Years of the rat: 1960, 1972, 13 S. 4 4 1984, 1996, 2008.-. Rad. 208

wc r

This character represents an oxp The ox is the second of the symbolical animals. Years of the ox by the Chinese zodiac signs: 1961, 1973, 1985, 1997-..

@


@,Be Aj 3 9

R s ~j

ti4

MEANING AND SOUND

rat-bite fever

an insignificant, worthless,

4 6!

+$I P-Fk cow's

+m

P+

Q tan

small fry

@,&Jj ~4

3 5 8% % P Y ~ W YZ) tlH pae


9 & 4 saek

dark gray

&$

a plague

y6k


at

1. % 341 5 4 : 6\94 E 3 9 f b*. A rat, bottled up in a jar. (a man who cannot escape from danger) 2. q$-d A] B\+) F] 594 : &?@sk+ &%61 3 '=!-k 5. Like a chipmunk running round the wheel of sieve. (Running in circles, getting nowhere) 3. 99-g ~ d 7 \+x e$j-9+ 4 71- +++. Birds listen to day-talk, and rats to night-talk. (Be careful of what you say.) 4. ER%%(f 4 99) : 4 5 4 Z] 4 @%*&8% 472 34 &~Ji+t A J - E ~ . Hesitating or waving between two extremities.

aao]

milk

beef a Korean cow

qB 951 a cowhide

1 17

u OX 4 S. Rad. 93

MEANING AND SOUND

3 $ i? IY U 3 7 ) @! + yuk 451 $$ 3 han 71%

B 31 p'i

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. Kq +o\x) 03 961 41 94 : ~ \ $ - 6 l y i 9 a l 3zl-4 9 d ~ J

+

~l+++

P&. A naughty calf grows a horn on its buttocks. (An ill-bred boy behaves rudely. ) 2. $1 7-040-0 r k ~ C ) Z 514 : TTilE%J 9% 3 ~ 1 -94% t ~ ~9. Trying to drive an ox through a rathole. 3. k ~l-71: D I ~ 7Lg3)iL +)-$ 9 0 1 s i t 9. As easy as riding a lying-down cow. 4. g~ 4627& x;i.L+ : 01 n1 3 0 1 4JsVId 4 41 +%f?!-4. Repair the cowshed after the cow is lost. 5. + q g g ( p o l + 8 ) : 4 4 4 8 $4 71 ; o F Y 4 7)S21-;7. Q?d f 6-1 5 eJ-6Fexl *+$La Reading to the deaf.

++

+-

11 8


8

fjj

Characters; Animals

Fm JL

This character represents a tiger. The original ideograph is a far cry from the modern character but the evolution is easily seen. The tiger is the third of the Chinese zodiac signs. Years of tiger: 1962, 1974, %J 3 1986, 1998,

k

This character is a pictograph of the squatting rabbit or hare, with its tail perked up. The rabbit, a symbol of fecundity, is the fourth of the Chinese twelve zodiac signs. Years of the rabbit: 1951, 1963, KT] 1 1975, 1987, 1999...

ho TIGER 8 S.


MEANING AND SOUND

E 7 tiger's mouth

9 Ll ? k u

HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS +-xi a hutch; a rabbit box

~1 $& %

%BSf

a harelip; cleft palate

%@

lagophthalmos

Z%o]

a tiger

01

EHL the military nobility

%

&F!J$JJ ~ " 1 cholera 4

B@

I

$&e

rang

93 B pan


1. B@%%(ZA] 9%) : Watches for an opportunity. 2. 21% 7&0Fx1 3 FA-]-$- 2 P P ~ A. day-old puppy doesn't know enough to fear the tiger. (Know yourself ...) 3. AF@& l-24 61 8% 97)IL 71% 944. Though a man dies, he leaves his name; though a tiger dies, he leaves his skin. 4. ngol 9 0 1 3 4 : 2% ~ 3 3 ~ 41 7 gq+ ~ 3. A biting tiger has no horns. (Nothing is perfect in this world. )

%J+

++

Z O ~

$+

L

I

I

i

MEANING AND SOUND "d A t sa

e

92

E f sun

+@sari

% W paek white rabbit TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. g @ -- g ( g b d ~ $ g ) : ~ ~ 1 qfj2+ 7 ) s1Fll-4 i~ 7-9 4% $45 4%%AX, 4 4 q 22% 44-q ' 4 4 9! 714 414% -1 %+87 ) ~71) 9014. Rabbit makes three holes to escape danger. (countermeasures for self-safety) 2. @!34gtlb\l+ %=f%~d S n l zdbl G-t ~ 4 % ~ !+ 1 01 0171 7) d_ 4 XI ZL 94. There is an interesting story that has been passed down in Korea called the story of the rabbit or the story of the turtle. 3. 01 %q '&% 77-$-dl4k S n l sf 7J +017) 8 Tiit& 6) 01717F 52 4. Among Aesop's Fables there is a story of a race between a hare and a tortoise.

+

+-

t'o RABBIT HARE 8 S.

0

B% ~45 a

FIJ P ry61 71% & EI psi 2

331 a tiger skin

119

120

Characters; Animals


A large lizard in ancient times (?), or a legendary creature which combined the qualities of a sea horse, lizard, snake and bison. Years of dragon: 1952, 1964, 1976,1988,2000... The fifth in the cycle of twelve


%s%+

%n %A6 %B

-$bJ

yong;

MEANING AND SOUND

a dragon's head

4~1 % f

the king's s:at; the throne

%*J

the king's countenance

%&B-$PLthe picture

tu

&j sang

j%

of dragon and 1%

o$-

an

5 to

tiger TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

1.

Mlll4lx-1 % 3 4 : alae,F a o l 4 1 4 %+*, ."\Qol

+g++

9.A

dragon rises from a ditch. (This means the son of a humble family rises to glory. ) 2.

*;F3-q ES+ 4 + 4 l t 8 8 0 1 9f B o l *tPt ~ $ 014 2 +dl 01 5 @bkHi+~ 34. In Koean folk a r t or embroidery, you will see a tiger fighting with a dragon. "dragon and tiger illustrations. "

3.

These are called

BB&E( + + ~ i ~ l :) 4-q 4 44- ~ $ 4 x.zl ; 4 +--& %Ad 5) 4 F b ] T#iG-$!.Dragon's head and snake's tail. (bright beginning, dull finish)

This character is a striking image of the horse. T h e horse represents the seventh anima1 of the twelve zodiac signs. Years of the horse: 1954, 1966, 1978, 1990, 2002 ...


,%f% n\+ D\&

ma HORSE

10 S. Rad. 187

MEANING AND SOUND

l%f7 U F horsepower ~ DF*

121

3 fJ

ryiik

a cavalryman

2-4 5 S! py6ng

a coachman; a wagoner

4-4

& ? PU

+ @ f ch'o

fodder; forage

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1, 9 0 1 % T q ?&q-3&fq : ~ i g *$?iq7&++ f&,Ld] $: o\xJr;f+ 3. An old horse wants more beans. (When a

++-

man grows old, he looks for more reward and honor) 2. 4) 771 qG7-1 ZJ : XI 4-51 A] tF] 7-1 9% %7d. A load of an ass on the back of a grasshopper. (The overloading of responsibility) 3. &,%SCL(+4-7J+) I :9 ~. I 1 94 41 x-l C1IJII+ 7-4 O$7)-7F S 01 q q 4-4 01 Taking a cursory view. 4. X B I % 8 E ( ~ J 3 q - ~)1 : %l-+*l +iL '261 3aJq-k 223, 7 ) s o l 4 %-S 4.71 9+$ 3 %! DJ. Sky high and horses fat. (suitable weather in autumn)

+

++ +.

+

e;

122


Characters; Animals

123

V & $~~

a s .Ir,

These symbols are sketches of a sheep's head with horns. T h e sheep is the eighth symbolic animal of the twelve zodiac signs. Years of the sheep: 1955,1967, 1979, 1991...

In the first form, pictured is a hen. T h e second shape and the third are cocks. The cock represents the tenth of the symbolical animals of the twelve signs. Years of the cock: 1957, 1969,1981,1993..-

yang SHEEP GOAT LAMB

kye COCK HEN FOWL

6 S. Rad. 123

MEANING AND SOUND


T%4,tx wool *@ 4,t4 sheepskin; ~ 4 %+*,t a goat

21 S.


$$$z 4 4 a cock's crest

9 Z i ~ m o

[@4~

woolfell

L

%f$qg41 Al

*&z)-an adopted child

s$?02% bringing up; nurture

@%$$f.41

AF

EY'lf.41J-l* FL&&% %%+. Before Ts'ai Lun of the Han dynasty invented paper, parchment was used in the western world. 2. ~ , $ , 0 1 at xF@r01 9 q e p ] g 4 4 71tt 2 9 AS 01 c\i~ +g+. When people who have no children take the children of others to raise as their own, it is called adoption. 3. jLg+Jjf!(Tx2*&7&) j : 4,tq %x)3j @ 372 &-& 3 0) ~ ~ ~ %\i~@ s b +

23% 9.Meanders;

a winding path.

3

kkwan

an egg

% JjJp

rooster crowing

% 9% % myijng

ran

%

%

pun

4

& ~t

sa

+

a]+ @ t'u TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:


?.kGc\ %BO1%01 G BWs\71 doll

3

$$,%% 7$l+ fowl droppings $$$& ;.11~] a poultry house

% chang

o,t%b western style of dress

1.

41

MEANING AND SOUND

P

a cockfight; a fighting cock

SL. Use a chicken instead of a pheasant. (If you cannot get what you want, use what you can get. ) 2. 3Jo)q xP_.! tl& 4 After eating a chicken, produce a duck's leg. (fooling people with dubious evidence) 3. *$#gggg(g41 432 ) : +3- ZLL2d 41 & 2 24 ; A] 9 xie01 3 *-et %Pi341 -9-7-1 4 B@01 3 -k 9%-esl-4 3 0 1 +7$ 9-2 5%. The feeling of one in unfamiliar surroundings.

+++.

-

$

$

12 4

i


w&dFi

I"

I.

T h e earliest pictograph of the pig has a long snout, with a mane. The pig is the last animal of the twelve zodiac signs. Years of the pig: 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995, 2007...

kyijn DOG

4 S. Rad. 94

125

MEANING AND SOUND

dogs and horses

9 ,%

a 6 1 4 dog-tooth spar 4% a dog and a monkey

q~1-1 3 0t a

AE A% a+ a Cynic $%A"8 8 a ferocious dog 557 a running dog

E

tit

3

J J % ~ % yu

4-4+&

7H


~1 Ad

ma

won maeng

fi + ku


1. Ef-k 7H 4 711 %Q 9 6 1 4. AS dumb a s a thief who is bitten by a dog. (A thief bitten by a dog dares not cry out in pain lest the noise wake the master of the house. )

2. 4 7H71 ?% .')-z)-X~ 94.(fsjjgs g : 4) A living dog is better than a dead lion. (Ecclesiastes 9 : 4) 3. X4%2%( 4 n 1 ~ 1 3 ): 9-2-61Lt 3rcpll 5 4 -% 4 3 t + gf7 ; 47 2 %1 9 % . One's humble service to the king.

shi PIG HOG

7 S. Rad. 152

73


A,%a n )

Characters; Animals

*,..

T h e dog is vividly represented. It can be seen as running, or standing and catching a cookie. T h e dog is eleventh symbolic animal of the twelve zodiac signs. Years of the dog: 1958, 1970,1982,1994...

.A7H

i .

4%JL\,\ shim 4 xl % ! E ton

a greedy mind

B% €4- a pigsty; a %$

MEANING AND SOUND

Z-pig

pigpen (4 4 +cl)

-Ex71

and fish

Em, €+ - 'pork

% Oi

yuk

371

'- -/,

f&@xj+ recklessness

94~1%

6

Xi ch6


A pigsty, decorated with a bronze lock. (unbalance) 2.

3 3 7 - 0 4 247)4+n)-xl %+4: 3

at

st++

$t 3

+ q-s\r-+

3% 9.While chasing after a Hl wild boar, lose a hog. (Greed brings only loss. )

7)- 717\%

3. L)4 B R S 4 4 941 I 94(UFEH . 9%7 : 6) Do not throw your pearls before the hogs. (Matthew 7 : 6 ) 4. &fa 4 ~ 1 2 6 1Szl- 4 93, 4-f ol Pl 4 4 . You don't eat alone like a greedy pig, you should share.

126

Characters; Animals

PictoriaI Sino-Korean Characters

T h e character indicates a deer, showing its horns, body, legs and tail. A deer standing in front of a slope.


@fi+4 deer's

a@

horns

+-$+ a young antler

%% a deer farm

This character is a striking image of the elephant, emphasizing its trunk, nose and tusks.

rok; nok DEER 11 S. Rad. 198

MEANING AND SOUND

+

4


I%@(

-.

kak

a

JfU hy6l deer's blood TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. A)+JJ+ :.)*g61]7lJ 3271 7) x*] 31 g++ : 4 -% ~\f?f.Y x x ] 5 g + + t "1.The deer & A)++ A)&@ 6;F 7 1 hunter does not look a t the hare.

+

2. f

4 Zgf& 4-q

-1sx.11

01 44- -1-4 "134+4 37 1 .1 41 ~1 L+.(sidlj-q 3 : 19) T h e

*

a$: ei ?$I 4 4 471- 5 4 4 *ql 3 4

454 9 0 t a

A&A&

imagination; guess

f4

t'ap

+-%

%a

ching

f "J

% 9 chu

3Ak

If$ a hyijng

xj

4-

%E!

sang

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: \

2-1-3

2-1-q Lord God is my strength; He makes my feet like hinds' feet, He makes me tread upon my high places. (Habakkuk 3 : 19) 3. *+4 k-7-(4+)9%=++I 61 $-& % % 2 Z9 4 4 %+. From the ancient times deer horns have been known a s an effective medicine. 4. E%%ol]7t4

E,{@

z

sang ELEPHANT 12 S.

MEANING AND SOUND

@%$! a tower of ivory @%Ak7J a symbol; an emblem @@%% A & ~ J5 4 symbolism @%$% A J g 5 a hieroglyph

942 g %3YOW +4 & 3 won

+g

JJ*~ ivory

127

q*l4.

/! I

A\ 02 4 4 @ q$L. A blind man feeling an elephant; forming an opinion from limited data. 2. @%@%-& 4 z)3 k K - 4 - 3 $4 q-zzl7)q i!5@%611 4

a] % ) 9i4. ~Sang-a hae-an is called the Ivory Coast and is located on the western coast of Africa. 3. @@&%+ eqJlr41 $41 -1-~\9 ,E,fiq i~)Lt*l+. Symbolism is one of the trends of thought appearing in art and literature.

128


++- Insects and Reptiles

6. $!&% The turtle here is shown in several poses. The gradual evolution of the character is well represented by the ideographs above.

A

ku; kwi;

9

27

8 3E

B B # MEANING AND SOUND


&E a 72 a good example; a mirror &q 4 7J a tortoiseshell; turtleback

&a4 + the glans; the glans penis 4 xi (4 +xJ)

Worm d (ch'ung)

a turtle-shaped battleship

+

4 4%

41 . 4

a kam @ F tU & k! ss6n ry61

2.

e%

:4% 4 4 1 5 %A)$-+ d] fi-* %@++ 9.Frightened a t a turtle, startled a t the lid of a kettle. (The lid of a kettle resembles a turtle. )

~1%) XiL

gF?j 4

AXE

4 + 4 + % 4 4 &4 * B E H S 6 1 414-3 i W 1 4 . k . 7 F 0 , t + l l 4s) 7q 9 3 @t7 p d o 1 f-441 9 2 4 $1 -1-=I- %&Ax 2 4 E_E_S)~OEX 13g4qj&4 40-t4- 9 s\-F9 RkRMq -lZ&-2 371d,4. (Pi%! 1592 6 )

Change

Q4 ( Y W

Q? PJ Myriad

9 (man)

+


Snake A t (sa)

4-9 4-xx 7F3L ~]iidls 4+g o ] 94-4 Z- 3 0 1 a+ @$g 1s1 PI] + d_ g 4 %01] @ j & + t 7qq9-F qiS;t @EEixq4 d) 4 4 6 1 611 3-k A F ~ J ~o -d - ~ o ]abq 4 41% 46-1 4-6)7)+ 41 871 9p +4] TJ-~J~ J z \ q 5 E g O l l %+~ D ) - H $61 4 +. (j3Zi-30:

a kap

2 -g $24 @

3-9cracking

9

&

Y

24-28) There are four things that are small on the earth, but they are exceedingly wise: The ants are a people not strong, yet they provide their food in the summer; the rabbits are but a feeble folk, yet they make their homes in the rocks; the locusts have no king, yet all of them march in rank; the, lizard you can take with your hands, yet it is found in king's palaces. (Proverbs 30 : 24-28) q - q g~ 1 . s ~ ~ 1 7 .6)Gl ) s)+ 3% *q @2$7) 41 9 6 1 35 21 4 4 q 2 4 5). (Ef$fi@12 : 23) But instantly an angel of the Lord struck him, because he not ascribe the glory to God. He was eaten by worms, and died. (Acts 12 : 23)

ggx+

A

130

Characters; Insects and Reptiles

Piclorial Sino- Korean Characters

98

@

eeRl .!

T h e radical ( ) represents a worm .or snake. (a), the triple form includes small crawling, creeping or swarming creatures like bugs, insects, worms and reptiles.

..

,2

,

ch'ungL WORM INSECT

18 S. Rad. 142


MEANING AND SOUND

&?@E +flS an entomophilous flower

&x 5 x 1 damage from insects && -+%1

5.1 @$UH mae

01 $&

tooth decay; caries

XI ch'i

,@ 9

-T+ extermination of insects

%!&& 7 ] 4 $ parasitic worms; %& 3flSdestructive insects

XH chae

zfl O&

vermin

+% ~q 3

ku

% 71 k i S$Hhae


+

1. @I&$ h@fi94 9 o&++ % o ) q 9 s l l o 1 4 . Roundworms are worms that get their nutrients from the human body. 2. i$+BSk %&Ll 0Jqq W{+61 s] 3 4. Dug to destructive insects, there was a bad harvest last year. 3. @B6114+-H R q R 4-1*1+01J7)1 9 4 6 1 1 -% 7Ff u!+4 3 313 %&%f P1 Q J ~ In . Korea, the elementary school boys are given a vermifuge as a group twice a year, once in spring and once in fall.

+

OR

- , f, J

@

/,,.>-

I

-

b

During the summer night, many fireflies fly around the residence area. ( A ) represents the illuminant light by the firefly (&, insects). It means a firefly.

hyiing FIREFLY

16 S.

MEANING AND SOUND


3 g

light

g6 ?j~ 4fluorite; ' fluorspar @@$ 3 Bk'3

t

(B-52)

$-g+ 3

$f$%,$ ?J fluorescent -- ._- -

131

%@

kwang

6 4 sijk

diligent study

+3

the light of glowworm

4&

$1

St hwa TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. BxE+ Q % % @ X ~ T h e fluorescent light bulb is

$++.

brighter than the electric light bulb.

2. $@i?jgq 5%4 $41 ~ J d s f$+slq*+s)-%i+iz. 34. They say that the classic scholars stddied by the firefly's light in Korea, 31' ( 3 Adz] %) : 3 ~ 8 qdX-1 z+Z)6j 02 -$ xi&. (+ ig4Z-i qJ4161 ~$-9 8s $4 Z %Eo) %$ ) The fruits of diligent study. 9 3 t++ &$loll A-1 9, 9. 4. A$+ $ c.5 Sf ~ f +iL l '&-& g - 4 4 . T h e candle-light burns itself but gives light to others. 5. -161 41 z] s o ] - ZL+ $$,&$j#!!J%\%+.

s

@sq

a

s-$

132

Characters; Insects and Reptiles


There is a snake devouring a field mouse. The snake or the serpent is the sixth animal of the Chinese twelve zodiac signs. Years of the snake: 1953, 1965, 1977, 1989,2001...

sa SNAKE

11 S

It represents a lizard, probably the c_haw n , a primitive reptile. A t the top is the y6k; i head and a t the bottom are the feet of the T O CHANGE 8 S. reptile. This character signifies change or transformation like the color change of a lizard.

"'$'

48


MEANING AND SOUND

$@!& 472 snakes and scorpions

!k% i!

A)+

serpent's feet; redundancy

efi 45j meandering 64-a

venomous serpent

7J7&

@2

"1h? 3 72 -+%

kal chok

6

haeng

%5

tok

!& 4 A 1 a white snake !k@$$i ~8 ~ 1 % a snake decoction

2 !k

.A,d[ saeng

E!&

F

31 hwa

3l-A)

a floral snake

k!4 paek

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION EXERCISE:

(4-72-4) : ~361 L+ ZJ7k-g- 2% 9 ; E%*J2 2s 23 % q ~4)4 $-. TO abominate a person like a serpent. $4 4zl+ 3 d 4 4 ~ d%q 2zz]+ q 3 1 ~ ) 6 ! .

1. &&@ 2.

Better be the head of a snake than the tail of a dragon.

3.

q asf 5 ~ q 94 OAJ 5 4 s +q ~861

717~

H-64-4ci.

The Serpent was more crafty than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. (Genesis 3 : 1) ( ~ I J E ~ 3Z 3: 1)

133

01

\, I- - >)LL <.L HIGH FREQUENCY h o M ~ b u N i s

%k4

4 1 the Book of Changes

I

__C___

the science of divination

%% yq g%-$-o]

trade ease; simplicity

MEANING AND SOUND

4 4 E2 ~4 @

a

ky6ng hak

.;q%

9 mu 3 3 23 S yong

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. $$E!jq -1.@@+ %!i$lq qf:] 611 34513 gt-j-. The Korean

national flap is based on the principle of the science of divination. 2.

w;sns+at maelm C X ~4 I4 % €

1 4 ~

4 , The advanced countries' protectionism gives great blows to the exportation of the developing countries. 3. *#$j!+%3- 4 9 4 E % S Fz 33~1 5f:l 4l-L When you change lanes, you have to give a signal first and turn slowly. 4. 1% 4-34 9%-LlnF? Do you have change for a dollar?

Characters: Insects and Reptiles

134


I

A pictograph of the scorpion (&) was used for 10,000 or myriad b~ sound shilaritx. man When it came to simplification, the Indian MYRIAD swastika ;t! (meaning also 10,000) was bor13 S. rowed and stylized to "The emperor 99-F has money but he can z t buy myriads of years to live." (B+73>

a a

(z).

a

LL

74 ~1

XI

(chi)

Spider 7401 f

(chu)

Spider

HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS MEANING AND SOUND D,FT71 the flags of all nations 71 71 ki

gma Be&

eFnJ

$E

niing

E

min

omnipotent

hP -F

all the people

44

?%4 44- everything; all things riF41 living for ever; all hail t o

gd

if; in case

9 % A/

sa

3 Ail

se

84

QH

A1 ( s 6 n )

@ ~~ 0i cc aLp C

@

*-gil


1. &@E%(4+&7J4) :+g -240144 i~qxli!. ~ I - S - A+I. ~ Everything in the universe is changed, is new. 2. 4.41 &M41 3-4 xs 3 01 4 -%-A\ 94-9 74! Visiting my homeland after 30 years' absence, I am surprised that everything has been so newly changed! 4 7 1 + s BE!$$@ 4 R H K X ?.k4 fd-4. Our 3. -$?-cl:I@ school is decorated with the flags of all the nations a t every spring and fall athleltic meeting.

++

13 5

*

++

41 . g(h.1 Butterfly 4~1 3 (ch6~) Butterfly

E 771 Q (mun)

Si.osquito

&', *ti

136


CHARACTERS WITH

@ 4?4n1 +A

(shll)

Cr~cket

W

d F +]g (sol) Cr~cket

THE INSECT

7.

(s) 11

RADICAL

q7J Mankind

(ch'bng)

'

,

? .

(in)

2% Urine

% Excrement

k

A J (shi)

s\L+-401 B Z W @ gF9f *Tg

&

g:!Ek(hap)

$

3%

$

a1 (mi)

s\I.FLd.q B#dc] 3

X)Q+

2+417ll

@+-

$IJ~S\A 3 ]

iS\L+-$O)

1~31Tail

giJ3iSp1q 4

3s

Xg4-63 .d-ql %@%\c\. @!ES\cb a F q - 4 3 7 )9f 9W-i 4% %dl % q " l k E g &%is 453) %I

41 A1 4 1 ; (cham) Silkworm

+%

8. 3 s A R E E

% Dragonfly
Aad

7H.l

"I(iii)

~1

01 LA)

J&@%\SZ-

4 z\. ($jlJ#gZ 1 : 27-28) So God created man in His image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. God blessed them; God said to them: Be fruitful; multiply; fill the earth and subdue i t ; bear rule oved the fish of the sea; over the birds of the air and over every living, moving creature on the earth. (Genesis 1 : 27-28)

%\A]

Ant

tkkq zs4 PS 3&4 374134 t-q s-2 +a4 3+ % 34- E f t 9 & A 4 6l-01 Sol"r 6.1 34-q 61 %-% @#%@zlq "r. 3- *1 5 6 1 g-3 5 0 x 1 4 I- %Xb1 X&4l +Iq 4-3 01 3.4.

@j zk&Jh e )

(SB.Psalms

Ifk

148 : 11-13)

138


+QJ

This character represents a walking man. A famous riddle taken from Greek mythology: the story of the sphinx and her riddle. " W s walks with 4 legs, then 2, then 33,;-"The answer is man, for first he A)+ crawls, then walks erect and, in old age, needs a cane."

A

a


A72 *J8man-made h 17 i'population h#k 6Jd human rights OJ

hs q.3) O J J ~

greeting; personal affairs a talented person

f i m h 4 3-9 a

foreigner; an alien

Characters; Mankind

A man ( A ) protecting a child (3). T h e short lines beside the child probably represent swaddling clothes, and generally came to TO KEEP mean "to keep," "to maintain." It originally TO MAINTAI represented a nurse taking 9 S. X Z JY ~ care of a baby.

in MAN PERSON 2 S.

Rad. 9

MEANING AND SOUND

=

1


kong

fl at ku kwon

"?_

@3 % AI

~q f

3 XH

chae

441

4s)

139

bail (money)

#*

a sheriff; peace preser-

~ Q J 9 an

vation police

B]$

@@

+ kuk

5 f$ 4 siik

#f%& 2 4 f+ t4+

sa

MEANING AND SOUND

H O J G

-

preservation; conservation

* * r4

&

a kwan

2% @

j. chon

@s ~5 a guarantee

4 9 "dB

#% ga protection;

*a% d

safeguard

p

zs

FL~

hV c ung ho



1. h+Q@ ( 0 J ~EZ) j : 0J*J 01 6\22 01 $4 201 9g4-k D&. Man's life is like the morning dew. 2. h Ba'J+ 3 9 4 1 X-1 47bt 0a714- 23, -$?* @+II!%5@+ 3 gtq. Bible says that man is like smoke from a chimney and like grass.

1.

3. hBd% %%q 9 4-61 +I_-% 2 - Z 13~ 4 q&Q+. T h e human race, as the lord of all creation, rules over all of nature, and over all things.

471t W B R Q ~ E %@.Pi7) Z 346) $44.

The aged and handicapped must sit here as these seats are reserved for them. 2. xj 9 3\41 d A 1 4 R%S6]%~k%k4.In Western movies, the sheriff always makes an appearance. 3. Aj +4) 9+ TqkP1-2 HB H1 1 P 3 4 4 CdS-1 O-1 Bbq-Al s-] 3 94. The South Gate, which is in Seoul, is designated as national treasure No. 1 and is being very well preserved.

+

B

+

140


141

Characters; Mankind

Represmted by the sketch of a man in an enclosure, like a prisoner who has lost his su liberty. A man(A) is caught in a fence TO IMPRISON (a). 5 S.

This character is a man running and 6y under the first and second pictures, indicates foot prints.

chu T O RUN

7 S. I


a@f +oJ

%yj

MEANING AND SOUND

a labor forced upon prisoners a prisoner; a convict f a crimina1,under sentence

A)-$

mix;jp

of death

4 f a criminal; a sinner Q+f

an escape? prisoner

$ ?

+2 G$ y6k A F ~ 9 in q+

% At

+ B % o k


1. +i$m41+ ZpiI36) y&*dl, f01

4

~ J A ] 71

+

$

%%Ffiq~lJd01TE34 flJE+& 4. In America, there are lots of

criminals but they are lacking prison facilities, so they shorten sentences and free criminals. 2. @@ ~ ) f $gG+ zj44-4-7) -+nF B4l Q%3 4. St. Paul was jailed in Rome for preaching the gospel. 3. I.& ~1 sJ ~%..cz. B f & ~ ]xl-71 q ~241*q 4 34. Supposed to be mad, he was imprisoned in his own room.

+

*+ %E@k 4qr the broad jump(?Jz) 4 71 ) $4 +

I

f z a track; a courss

s,G1Rf n)-+

sa

%2I YJ @ hy6ng Zl -E % El choe

MEANING AND SOUND

HIGH FREQUENCY COYPOUNDS

#ptp&

72,

1

'F ;

2%fz)

3

#+j&&

~d %g0)-%

electrotaxis

s2 ~fflight;

an escape

a runway

E ro

gk

tiing

I;; to

+ $ Xt cha

a runner

%%{& e x J 4

k$f!

63-'E3

a revolving lantern; kaleidoscopic change

1

k3! kwang

nl

{& a

sQijng

8 S to hwal

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR R E A D P G AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

1.

%Z%G@ ~ ~i l E%% +% 47) *&

0L7fi

4 5-41 R%+%4.

A passenger liner which was taxiing down the runway overran the end of it due to thick fog. 2. 4 % d l - 4 0) 8 71 4314 *@iYk %+41 J-l s-ql%-%&.ltCF. Kim Chong-il won the gold medal for the broad jump at the Seoul Asian Games.

&@a+

142

Characters; Mankind

Piclorial Sino-Korean Characters

This character comprises several radicals indicating the defence of his clan or tribe by arrows(%). It may be s a i 8 to mean ,guardian. 4WCI.Y+^ C. -II


I?&/N*% %%~4 $%%+X

nepotism

$3

H$% -%-+ the

same race; consanguinity a race; a people; a tribe

MULTITUDE CROWD

12 S.

W, ~ 6 1 Ipo

i?d-lt-llt'

@7)-"1

44

"1

2% +% the public; public g @ s g+%E,! public morality

q ~ d +2 3 kong S

I- q tt6k

$%! a

ch'in

S

tong

A*

r+lTa crowd of people; the m2sses

E%

3ij % an audience; an attendance

OL! min


t~)-~Jollk f-Ix]z)oll O?+g g 4 . There were twelve leaders of the twelve tribes of Israel. 2. qzl SF7oll 5 &%7F 94. Our family has a record of our family tree, too. 3. -3gZ+%3$8 [email protected] Mormon church places great emphasis on the family tree. 4. $$ElA % C i &.R%ol4.Koreans are the white-clad people.

1.

MEANING AND SOUND


$$* 3% a multitude; a crowd 7 4 %f 2 kkun $$@&g 2T~Jzlmob psychology,? 4 ~ 3 21 r i

4 j% 3 chang 2J2

chung

TRIBE CLAN 11 S.

MEANING AND SOUND

a genealogy; a table of descent 41 p

$%E 422 a patriarch E%R52J relatives E&%

I)

Three men ( 4 , ), a group, sharing a single eye (El ) . Seeing and acting together.

chok

143

I

,

t

A

4%

LH

tae

a

ch'bng


1.

A+q

s~&j;r$t il$$%49~4] +sl 2%724

294. Today's

speaker received a thunderous applause from the audience. 2. : :fnq 4 g 4 7 4 s 4 Q g+a% 34-k 2. Those of a lesser number can not compete with those of a greater number. 3. ag&(%=j=q%) : 5xtigq 3%&l 37JE. -5;-q 4-k 33 44 ~)@q 2. The power of popular criticism is terrible.

%gma(%~++"$

*

+

+

$+

144

-

%..- e@Fi

As on a sunny day, the expectant man put his hand above his eyes, as if waiting for a guest.

145

Characters; Mankind


Probably, the man is a guest sheltered under In the second form, a leg(W) a roof (rL.). is added to show that he is a traveler. Instead later forms add ( W ) , shell money which symbolize the e +d 9 - o f ceremonial s i f t s

-

kan TO WATCH TO REGARD 9 S.

I

L

a:

pin GUEST 14 S.

i'n HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

gq gm

7J+

a guard; a warder

4 72

considering as; presumption

3 1

z#?7,Fea signboard

sB nursing; care SSW QZ* a n u r s e 7J3

MEANING AND SOUND

9+ su

-g @ 3 chu

9 #? 3

p3an

~d

$g 3 ho

OJ%

R

3

won


1. 395%Efbi~F3,~ J 7 & o t 7)4 %FiS;r+. Prison guards work alternately switching off every hour. 2. @-.nFxl 4Q*l% 0 4 3 7 1 %Fkfioz f R4-4.t. If there is no contact by two o'clock, I will assume that you give up. 3. 1 k % g o ] %akxj T-4)3t-t. He has risen in the world with his brilliant academic background. 4. &3 BBRn,F ?I+ % $ t * ~ - qz3 %%RE %4-% 2 % XZ 34. I thought that there were only female nurses but male nurses also take good care of the patients.

+

1 f

f*


mg

"s

'

7-BJ

MEANING AND SOUND

4%) &

a national guest

4 BJ a guest; a visitor

ggf@ q! dz& a guest house (as a f~ R * +the M seat J ~of honor

8s

BJ+

BFfi BJ&

wealth and poverty a mortuary; a lying-in-

hotel)

i?H

rae

1 $@ 3 kwan z]cl R 4 ssbk

8 9 pin

7 ~ 9 %

BJ&

2

state room

+ kuk

%9

pin

ft-fi 12: SO


1.

+,&++Q + ~]%*l

44 =!& Fish and l+ guest .in three

days are stale. (John Lyly) 2.

3 9%+d 01 4 DL, z4 9.s ;Zd 01 -9, 414 9-2 %&*lt;t.

The first day a man is a guest, the second a burden, the third a pest. (Laboulaye) 3. 3%) E X y3 6) z z1 kt41 A1 +$g+Q 3 . 4 S i k 43. d45. R#Bt4-. 01 3 61 @&el s. %%I244-. @S. 7 : 12)

*+

146

Pictorial Sino-Koreun Characters

8. $j+@

z% (k+t$) is the figure of p m4 l e ( K ) gathering under a3 flag (r).In ancient times, people

ry6

usually travelled in groups, and thus, the character came to mean "travel," "a trip. "

TRAVEL 10 S.

The Human Body

A n

e

E k fiR

9

3%Stop

Friend

XI

8 (u) HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

@# 4 4 a

@#! 4 3

4

hotel; a n inn

Eflijz 4 8.71 @fig4 z.3)

f@ a kwan

9 4 %$

a passport

kwon

rn 9 tan

2%

% t ~pil

el traveling expenses 2

a record of travel

71

a tourist; a traveler

5%$2 71 ki & 8 $1 cha


1.

%EsF @fi, F

3

4 %

Bone

2 (kol)

MEANING AND SOUND

4 3 a brigade 1-

(chi)

25% Right 8 (u)

4

4

Voyage,

travel, and change of place impart vigour. (Seneca) 2. ~ F A @j@%)lr L ~ 'jf!%J* A)%&& @f=j%;t+.The fool wanders, the wise man travels. (Thomas Fuller) 3. H * &~ZXQO] g- $*I-&. They are mostly Japanese tourists. 4. fim+ Efi%l-4 t[S, @%4 W@ZS 7Fx13 7t6+q4. When you take trip abroad you must carry your passport and shot records.

+$-gI-l-LpJdl 3% @@7) 2 3 +q @@7) y + o + god 4 2 6 ) z z - l / ~ EZ+~~F~.VF. r 8% i% 8;ti@% o)L1$-4361

~4 L F t

014 L1 +$41 $4 014%\%I. 42 5 3 4 4 1 1 4 i% 4 1 014 9,49 * i 8;ti @7) gji$$+ $24 psi @@E @dl g%%9lr %J@@7k % %+ $24 xz @@E @dl $44 4 4 4 4 4 + zz-1 ezq -go1s. E@q &%%a1 51. (z.GriiijB 12 : 12,15,26) 4

1.,F9"261

61

+61

For as the body is one and has many members, but all the members of that one body, being many, are one body, so also is Christ. If the foot should say, "Because I am not a hand, I am not of the body," is it therefore not of the body? And if one member suffers, all the members suffer with i t ; or if one member is honoured, all the members rejoice with it. ( I Corinthians 12 : 12, 15,26)

4 % %%a134% q0-1 lqqz1. 4-TH&613 ?k?k q i q 77)-.+ 4 01 +- "2% 7)x] il aB41 4~1+4 4 2-4 +At-] ~ 1 (~]7)@j3, . Mark 9 : 45) 4-3 G]

361

148


Characters ; the ~ u m a n - d o d y 149

-

The shape of a heart. In the second picture, the chambers of the heart are clearly recognizable. In the last character, the three dots represent the valves of the heart.

Dinosaurs are the largest reptiles of the Mesozoic Era. They were the dominant land animals on earth. Thousands of fossils have been discovered. This character represents the body of skeleton. It is used now to symbolize the human physical body.

shim HEART MIND 4 S.

Rad. 61


MEANING AND SOUND

IL\E@ A2 C] psychology d,\-& AJ mind and body

4-g @

d b @

A !,

4 admiration; be fascinated

shin ch'wi

~ . ~ d d _with q

"

$ 9 R Y kyal f y4 ~ 1 ~ 4 / 4 3* ~h4 s ryang 1d"' dq i

decision; determination conscience

,p,

/

tt

a perfect heart

and the entire strength

PTJ2 f ch6n

2

'#$6 t'

di

ry6k

-.

AJ+

one's social standing; identity

%k

4%f C pun JJJk one's body; one's lot[condition] 4 1 ;Y sang

gE

.'JT&

height

[%@]JJA~

~ I L t d 44-kF8 4 4-4 E% R ~ L h 4 1 7-1 ~ 1 4 0 1 $71 S

the body

NIJ% 4.4 the predecessor; one's past life

iK?$(be) ?from

9 3 El q- @

ch6n cch'ul

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION& EXERCISE:

N-

kc). (@@fig 24 : 16) I always take pains to have a clear conscience toward God and toward man. (Acts 24 : 16) ) : " 2 3 % ~ 1 % %]i~ 924 D)+++ ;.d 2. Aij3jRdG (dJ4+",! Sjlt 24-k R ; 0 1 5 0J7$zIS9%. The face of a man but a heart of a beast. (double personality).

++

$? chang ++ @ Z-ll ch'e

7J

.L


BODY 7 S.

MEANING AND SOUND


21 ri

% AL! 4 2 @ Fl %

A !,

shin

You don't need to write down the passport number if you have identification card.

I

++

2. ZL _-~;lktt1$014 4 014 E ~l-44 -S 94. He is from North Korea, so he still uses his dialect. 3.

R E 0 1 t 4-@9 Ehol T h e tallest people are called giants.

4.

R@Bj%f(~J41~&+)

: %434

"1. The whole body.

150

Characters; the Human Body


This character looks somewhat like a human bone, with the top part representing a joint. This is made use of as a radical.

This character is developed from the picture of a hand with five fingers. This character means the left hand (y) and the right hand

kol BONE


tl

\a

w

e

$$'% %+

~4+

ostalgia a white bone; a skeleton

% ky6k 2J2 % a ch'in ;? 4

+-+x]?J, one's own flesh and

blood kinsmen $3 the essential part f


MEANING AND SOUND

a skeletal structure

2

% 5 t90ng k!4 paek

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. 4 61 +4 -& *&o] E E S J - J L Z 3% 4 gZ=lz3 2 61 4.

That two story building has a strong structure, so you can build up one more story. AP2 2. 2 AJEj&%q B T 7 ) - +-lo\? What is the main contents of the editorial in the newspaper? 3. P+ TI&-&+ZJ 71 +A] 6J-sixj This afternoon I had such a bad headache that I had a very hard time. 4. ZIJ@%E(3Z39-): 9 o l l A l 9 % + 4 7 F nq4l 9421 XI014%. Remembering forever.

**I=+.

4 S. Rad. 64

MEANING AND SOUND

%@ 44-handcuffs &'C'Y~,

31

E u kap 1t kong

\a)++ql handicraft manufacturing

*gg

yuk

"J-t 3 *I cha

SU

HAND

(TI.

10 S. Rad. 188

151

4 i 3 7 ) - a man of ability (a go-getter)

'

) I;$

surgical operation

*@ +=HIhandicraft;

*T

manual skill

f 4 under one's hand or power

3koJ

713 9 tan 4 5% 71 ka 7.l

f

-

Q sul

4-1-

OII ye 614 7; tt ha

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: : ~ g f g04 7 ~ g+q+ 261 I. +qq %++ k.17)-

+-

61 4-4 XI71 4 4

++

takes the clap of two hands to make a sound. (teamwork) 2. E+ UJX ?q+ 7 \ % 4 : S E G = ! - ~ ) 7 1 ~ ~ @ -o?\l k 3x4 The law is far, the fist is near. 9 -& F. 3. BFRlJB394 : 41 &0e 4 7 1 4 g ~ 1 %4 ;4 4 9% zl] Sz) g 222 5) zlsJ-7] 4 3 4%2.

+++

[email protected]

152

Characters; the Human Body


This character symbolizes a man's hand dropping a key ring, meaning that he lost an object.

-


s%m

a@$4

Paradise Lost 41 discourtesy; impoliteness

%'becoming blind

43

unemployment

f 4 loss and gain

$B% QQ

loss; losing

This character means "to receive," signified by one person handing a business card to su another. ( 2 )represents "two hands": one is TO RECEIVE offering an object, and the other is receiving TO ACCEPT -it.

shil TO LOSE

5 S.

1 g.3.

=a+ % 4 rak 5 @4 rye

9s f+J

OJ

+3\71

5 pun

(401 ++-): 914-7) "13%.Lost and found again. 4 1 , 4 4 Oll?!J%44 4 +% S7JS + &,5$$3 fpl'tf. Paradise Lost, John Milton's

epic influenced by the garden of Eden, is a famous classic. 3. &533+ B~WOL~ 7F @BE 4 4 %cl 2+?-4-3'tf. I have lost my I. D. card, so I have to put an ad so that 1 can find it quickly. 4. zt +3=F~l r @iiY@YBt9 4 & W F % c T .

a recipient; a taker

gM f rfl conception; impregnation

tiik

1. 2. %

cU4

A)-

4% @ sang $8 1 s &I shin 43 $1 ch'wi 0171 EH t'ae 2

my6ng ?I GP


receiving a prize 9 X b the receipt of message

9%!EI %

$/i~,Qq 4-4tl$

MEANING AND SOUND


MEANING AND SOUND

"d 9% % f

153

a telephone receiver

taking over -kep,

J

+

D&2 zg St hwa 9 31 9 in


1.

L++-HJ~

k3

WX$t

+?QT) ? 1 wonder who the

recipient of the next Novel Peace Prize will be. 2. +-?-I -]#gq f d 7 1 - k $ B RB7) 24. We do not have good reception of the supply section's radio. 3. A] 71-341A-1 & &zsl WIfxAo] + 2 x l 0)4]119 ? Do you know who the recipient of the package which came from Chicago is? 4. @@ tfl /L ;F 5 S 13% 4. We received a church bus last year.

15 4


Characters; the Hgman Body

The first picture represents a leg and foot in Egyptian hieroglyphics. The next two are expression of a Chinese idiogram.


,@%+zd

a footprint

,@@

SOUP

+%L

made with foot and knuckle satisfaction

++ insufficiency; shortage

Q $E

4%a serious blunder Q $$l$ k! 424-5 self -supporting

The first picture is a representation of a footprint, meaning the foot stops there.

chok LEG FOOT 7 S. Rad. 157

kB ~

'g3 t'ang

1 %one's

temperature falls; lowering the temperature

k& x] 9 arrest of

i.

zk nk ~2x1

7)-5-3 !:% 9 man

014 T E o? W9 E.

5

$2a ktip


1. +z] A$$g44)+ 71 71 7 ) T,@s]iyg_We have a shortage of office equipment in the personnel section. 2. @ m o 1 @-DL 444 x s + + 4 1 x j 7-1q -1 R%$E%!f 9 711 4 2 01 4. If Korea were only reunified, it would probably be self-supporting in almost all areas. 3, E@cd]xj %Es~+!j3@4~)71 +\+d EAJz)-~]&. Please be careful, because if you fall down on the stairway you get hurt.

bleeding

5 x 1 prohibition; taboo

pul

% &j shil

MEANING AND SOUND


@ 4 chbk

~2

chi T O STOP TO CEASE

4 S. Rad. 77

MEANING AND SOUND S&T)+

155

'@vi

b

WYdi

prevention

1

1 1;

8

I i

tl-%

k 5x1 stop; discontinuance @k 4 11 discontinuance; abolition

S ~ 6 1

4 &

hyal

5-3

a knm

%%

@ pang

7FedI

41 $3 chung

~ 1 %@ HI p9ye


1. ffiA%.k (99 5-4) : =Lt+x1 nl-4 A. Keep out! 2. E87 Bfi%.k %llE+ f 4 441 @&qS;i4. The curfew had been abolished a few years ago in Korea. 3. @$f$+ @E%)+ 3-0L P-=i+ & A \ ~ O$4. ) You have to stop all traffic while fixing the bridge. 4. rr B#&+~1 all +611 +&4 S;i 4. The match was called off owing to the rain.

156


9.

@,m

The Countenance

w This character represents a man's foot, starting to walk away from the line.


MEANING AND SOUND

to start

44- El 3 4 9 32 3

to be present

x)zl

success in life

4JG

%f" going abroad

LkiB 4 e 2 LkiR $4 ffi# 441

ch'ul TO START TO GO OUT 5 S.

kt?@

-tf4

kuk Nose

pal s6k

4 dl se

Mouth

% ac

S Z ~ . a tour of duty (TDY) 45 chaw TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. 8 1 B%7)44-~rBF*. Section

chief Lee said that he would be going TDY to a trading company in England. 2.

4

ttrm$++ 9s

~ B - S 41 ZEFW a+.

The North Korean diplomat who received the order to depart the U. S. has been placed in an awkward situation. 3. HE4 k % o l 1 t , $ k 4 gfi.11 4-litF44 @A54 a-1~14 +oil 11 -litF 3 7t-47 i 9 3 $01 4. There are only two ways of getting on in the world: by one's own industry, or by the stupidity of others. (La Bruykre)

+

Ear

a 7)

Teeth

.sq 4 t +61 414 L1 %dl Ex1 SbhF4- ? & ~ 1 4 4 5 ) 1 $1 4 3 4 414 4 ?l &%41 ?ik41d ++ 3-g 4 4 4 -g++4) g+ 4 9 ~ Q+ 1 3-45 q 4 k.41 31 @@+ $24 +$$ S)+i$. ( Z ~ 33 X 12 : 16-17, 20) E

01

Or if the ear should say, "Because I am not an eye, I do not belong to the bodyw, it is nevertheless part of the body. If the entire body were an eye, where would the hearing, what of the smelling? As it is there are many members to form one body. ( I Cor. 12 : 16-17,20)

158

t


1

4

.

n used

~

to represent the entire head. This is madeuse of as a radical.

su

The character for an eye has been squared and turned vertically from the normal position of the eye. bJ-&xtai_n e x p l a n a t b h . a s . put forward as to why, - - h o w e y ~ . . - - -_ _ - - -

HEAD 9 S. Rad. 185

-2

MEANING AND SOUND


B& - *-.

n%Bf$f 4-82

the head of cabinet

ZB:I 44 a sovereign; head of

41 che

6)+

+;lF A+

{% i;

1. BBq S% 4 %q A a + ~ J ~ ~ J O @ I. I The J populaU ~ ~ .y tion of Seoul, the capital of Korea, has increased to ten million. 2. % - d 443ll ~ q~ G R e % q 9 41 4 4 3 4 - 7 ) My nephew captured the honor of standing first on this year's Seoul National University entrance examination. 3. 41+g 4 s%% HI 7 ) + 3 \ BE+I 3 6 1 -&7l 441 41 4 f g -g s++3. !.gg9+. I

+.

3~ls)a

4-4

EYE 5 S.

Rad. 109

% dl

rye

$@ 4 rok

& X.l

ch6k

4 + & Zt ch'a

table of contents

a!+ antagonism

7t 3 won

41 1112. 7 1 +-Q

a purpose; an aim

& +-3) a

Zl kak


+

.--/

'%$q/

A

state

+-S+ a catalogue

$9>&-;s~

I

mok

MEANING AND SOUND

a greeting with one's eyes

i@

+A$

C;=42) the best disciple

*


B$P +E a capital E.-$$$I3E ! to g@ the prime minister 7 2 'd f i sang B# f 4 the top seat; the top of the class Z\Z] h$f 4 s6k

159

Characters; t h e Countenance

%bl@.

Z+ an article; an item

7)~l

!E

pan 3 cho


+

31 01

~ 1 4q-% 61

z+52.

: 41%

4J~J41

~1% 3 Q-ks\=~2

If eyes are closed, the nose will be bitten off. 4 $$@tis)+ +LZ 2. E El @@ (8l+3~1) : .z ~ 1%)iL Antagonism and keeping a jealous eye. 3. H+ZR(++&ll) : %&3&3 ) ~ )4 & 3%. Being unable to stand the sight of something or someone. 4. H +ST (+$q zj) : --%$#f$!&. Illiteracy; ignorance.

+.

+

160

d

Pictorial Sino-Korealz Characters

Characters: the Countenance

& T h e hair above the eye-hence

w

(-J

pJm -

The shape of a nose-possibly signifying primitive people pointing to their to signify --- - noses ----. "self." T h e s i g n z e n t s "the first person G u l a r . " This is made use of as a radical.

the eyebrow.

-

mi EYEBROW

9 S.

161

cha SELF; I 6 S.

Rad. 132 LLX


E~BE~ n] 7J space between the eyebrows B features; eyes and eyebrows EF "19 the brow; features B a ~1 +?! a crescent

gE

+a]

knilted eyebrows; a worried look


MEANING AND SOUND ~)6]

PB"~

B B& 4EF94 automatic B @ x\d1 one's own expense

kan

4 mok 4 9

34

T-?U a a WO~

x)Jj

&I z)-$-

B

9 su

*

~2 an autobiography

liberty; freedom

zF+?u&

self -reliance of national defense

MEANING AND SOUND

%4 9

z tong

32 HI 9 $4 A-(

pi s6

3 1 . oJ+ I43 % yu "&dl 2 9 pang



d & A)$--& ~ ) % b l 3 4 3 7-4. Those who have wide spaces between the eyebrows are said to be open-minded. 2. *o,t-g *S)-iL d .! (BEl ) 61 ?I0Fg-3rsF9. Miss Lee has very beautiful eyes and eyebrows. 3. @%%$ $ 3 4 ~ ) * 0 1 $94 3 4. A crescent hung in the middle of the sky and there was a breeze. 4. €l%E( ~ ++q 1 ) : O4S.01 4 4 4-71] oFScr%. Excellently good looks.

7)77"9 7.1 c ) . The nose will touch 1. 3 4 7)4 3 9% 131 : it if one lies on the belly. (within a stone's throw) X E A % %q istLF614. 2. $&I+ Freedom is one of the natural human rights.

+-

1.

3. P

I

EB2@ 9.44 B B 7 F

L) 4 8 $ E B4

3 ~ '-F.1 ( 9 3 $ E g 8 : 32)

You will know the truth and the truth will set you free. 4. 13S Ei S ( 4 3 z ) 7 1 ) : UE-41 T%61 % 4 fig& 51+d .s 7 4S i Fx k/LL El Bf * 6 F ~ z l 614 -@-. Self-abandonment

162

4

Pzctorral Szno-Korean Characters

I

The character for a nose is taken from a picture of a human nose. There are several views of the

#

MEANING AND SOUND

4-3 El 9 mo

$$@ 'iZ ~ 1 7 coryza k ~ (~7j-71) &@ dl % the nasal cavity

!f$

.+!"

P nostril hairs

i EAR

6 S. Rad. 128

and westerners point to their chests. Rad. 209 3. ti1 The character for a nose(@) with the nostrils removed, became the character for self (El).


#%

The character indicates the shape of an ear. This is made use of as a radical.

pi

163

Characters; the Countenance

I

+

kang

g % ~ m o


5$4 qqg

61

4- otology

61

9

++ $421 kwa

a singing in the ears

DA

4

01

MEANING AND SOUND

37.1 features; ear, eye,

+ ?% % mybng ti1 pi

3

mouth and nose

#$f@- dl 3 the founder; the originator

%b)d]

a 3 cho


!@Bj@$$( + Z + d )

) : x)+

sd

F71 ; +ds\

4521 4

&L .3 A&++ 9. Poking the nose of a sleeping tiger. 2. K&gpJ(+q ~ q - 7 f)i : 23 5 E. ~ q; *. A] +EL++ 3. I don't even have time to open my eyes and nose. 3. @ & i ! E ~ ( ~ ~ " ! \ d 1 ) : x)fls)x]E 371- nq 7Jq ; 901 * E ~ X ) $$ 2 4 1-1 n) 59.11 g 9 4 ) % 3 y t 3. A luckless fellow has his nose broken even if he fell on his back. 1.

4.

3 7 )

3 9l

z)-+

uu)B+

Z2J

: Be exhausted.

q/l@61 + the sixtieth year of age q&01 9 inflammation of the ear

qs

61

@ an earring

+g W E ze xx

&

+i~.ll @

+ sun ybm hwan


493.21 361) $4 3giLq : 51t'LFq ~ ) - 3 6 5) 3-23J@qq 4Ol eJ % A 3 &xj371 4 q + + E. Calling

1. 4 4 ) $4 3l

it an earring if on the ear and a nose ring if through the nose. (It can be taken in two ways. ) 2. 21 a]. T h e donkey makes up his ear. (when making a funny thing look funnier.) 3. q El--% (01 4 2 ~ J:) ?2?H$37)33 ~flZ*jZd.

++a a

\t. 164



The shape of a mouth, becomes gradually simplified, for brevity's sake. Also it represented a n open mouth and so, indicates the aperture.


U

?+A] $ oral test

This character was a graphic representation of the two rows of front teeth as shown in an open mouth. This is made use of as a radical.

ku MOUTH 3 S. Rad. 30

.I)

% 2&! ! *

COMPOUNDS

hijm

9 % UI

U @$%@ 7~1 Sq a legendary

dlRS @! HI pi

entistry; dental surgery

conveying by word of mouth

% 722 a @

+@IF

slogan; a motto

holding one's tongue

MEANING AND SOUND

%%

$421 kwa

+ We

a dental sound

4%

E! chiin

a]

++ % B ho +% $$ H ham

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. % u H % ( ~ l 7 - % 4 ) : 4 4

ch'i TEETH

mi

literature

D@

165

15 S. Rad. 211

MEANING AND SOUND

7~1appetite; taste

U

-1

~)%!-4 9 0 1 *J&&%.

An unanimous voice; common consent. 2. - ~ 7 s ( 2 7 o ] 4 ) : % q"d.iZ 7 7)-z] 9%q; ' & % o ] a q -43 Z;F 9. Doubledealing. 3. %tn%kE($'F~tbF) : % J)-W3%el+ 4 q717F a144. It is difficult to shut the doors of people's mouths. 4. $jU $gS(-$-?++) : Having no word in excuse.

%&

iim

toothache; odontalgia

0 ~ 2 1age;

years

j% g t'ong 4 F @ nyijn

a]=

i


1. @tf&%(5D&~1Q) : q f o ] a0-1~14 "17) A l ~ l q ; . t l 9 ~ zJ';l?f_F A)@ Tbl1X-l *! 4 @ 6 1 n b l d qs -+@41711r- d f i i o l 9 01 S+ 2. If you lost your lips, your teeth will freeze. (which means coexistence). 2. 4-k 23-4 &HBrnQfll 34 I visit the dentist's office once every two weeks. 3. '&%' I+ '4 4 u&+& S+%\X~ gE%*A11 A. You must discriminate between the pronunciations of ch'iyak and chwiyak.

-$-+

+ w1 e

+'

a+.

\

6

.--*

, 166

r

y

h-

h

i

'

Characters: the Countenance


@

,4

l l h

l,/\e

The representation of a mouth lIX) and vibrations ( 3 )emanating from it was a logical expression of the character meaning speech.

39 . .

u

g

This character is the figure of a wispy b& I t was originally drawn and finally (32). It means both human hair and animal fur.

6n SPEECH TO SAY 7 S.

mo HAIR FUR 4 S.

Rad. 82

Rad. 149


g% 49 oratorical talent an oral agreement


MEANING AND SOUND

3%$% =IT= "-P

3 4 4 a capillary tube

%if..@

py6n

0$ yak

%@ 94 woolen fabric

*%%a6

%E PSI

+ @ hak += 9 a chaeng

~4

*%

Words and deeds are a t once.

4. When you learn another language you also gain another spirit. 3. QS+U3i(7&4014J) : 9-qRH41 g ~ 9q S-fik9s 4 q 4 3. Honeyed words; flattery. 4. d& g+ Eg-(Z)6)=i=g H)~&S. 9 95 72 4 ~ l q9%

a+:

~d-7F+k F. Words without feet travel a thousand miles.

7)+

+

7)s

writing brush(cal1igraphy)

+X barrenness; sterility

3~ loss of hair

/(

MEANING AND SOUND

A-II se 9 kkwan

3 @ Z/chik

skin; fur

~3a

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. Zfi-$&(438 331) : st+ 25$ S J * ~ ] 2-g.

+

167

E ZI p'i

3 $$2 4 pyil el-9 F -!s P U ~ %+ a t'al

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: l.r;rt-]((i+~n) :4 3 7\+Hl Y 4 I 1.

3e

P c

One hair from nine oxen. (the slightest particle). 2. 9 6 1 f i ) 21 2 q$++. A monk can not shave his own head. 3. T%idIS Hgg4-q &%AS WsI-. Let's develop the barren land into a farm. 4 - ~ T1St0'1 ~6) OJQ-. Even a three-foot long beard 4. 5%l61 can not make you a gentleman unless you eat.

168



The lower -o f a big eye signifying "to look" or "to see." ( El ) . . -**. .. is the pictograp%~c figure representing the eye(-). It is the 147th radical of characters relating to sight.

That man is Suffering is ' T h . ~ g ,aqd g you ...In the

kyiin; hyiin TO LOOK SIGHT 7 S.

169

without an escape from sorrow. well known. Adam's Sorrow: ko BI'I'TER thistles it-&!l ~,b&u~-far~&-. sweat of your face you shall SUFFERING

Rad. 147


% (

33 information; knowledge a sample; a specimen

k?$$8 apprenticeship; probation .%@ 3 4

an estimation; valuation

3 4 learning by observation

-

3 4 an opinion; a view 4 4 an opinion u


MEANING AND SOUND 59 2 2

t&

"-14

9 rnun

3% i L % L

joy and sorrow

E pon

g%

a hard fight

*@ e

++ @ X1

%% 33 hardships;

sS~~P

~ f l - & @ St hak 5 @ a hae E A ,b, B2 1 fii

!

:E 7 1 X i L T! : --?]--?If$ 341 in?. 's sword on a mosquito.

Eg

41% f@, ;rr;! chiin 7\~1 +-I;5 ch'o PF+ 3 ch'ung

% t'ong 9% E ~ san

ok9

parturient pangs; travail

%!++

iz E F A J ~ oJ "J-$-q~G33l. If it is sweet, one swallows it; if bitter, he spits it out. (a self centered egotist)

2.

gg+ 4 4561 4 t

7]7$

gF 6-1 9

61

4. Birth pains

are the most painful thing that women go through.

____I

-

Z.f rak

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. % & 2 3 ! k ( 7 2 - % k ~ ~ :) %?! A$d 3 l a '@ ?! ! ! %&Z J ;I %

t

4 %4

;G.kJ,ilk~d~aw ~&@&q % g + 2 x + f$ a x + 2 . \ 4 3_- ~ 5 $ n - - - 4 s-g a 6) 94. T O see a thing once is better than hearing it a hundred times. (Seeing is believing. ) 3. %E%aB(xd3zl$j) : Farseeing intelligence; a long head.

sufferings -,


1. RB&$!j(3-P!!3)

$4 8 $@

3% i~$mental suffering g#$3%pain; agony

chiik

MEANING AND SOUND

I I

3. f d & 4-2+ S A P 445F-t63 Wifk+ ?l-0B1;]1 ! The Lord received a trial for a sinner like me. 4. E%%* (347kd) : i L 4 *I F44 $4 +dl %. Sweet after bitter; Pleasure follows pain.

~h&ters;

10.

%BE

ail-+

Family

Family

This ideograph suggests the Garden of Eden. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male(?)

6)s)

Father

F (PU)

~ 1n]4 Wife F (PU)

171

0 ) s

Son

xt (cha)

+x)

GOOD

Grandson

& (son) HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

~2%" 4q ) -~ f 4: ~ 024 gnmwi~).01 4 61 804 c+. 614 zl* 4 4 4 9 ~ & 4 - c \01. 3.61 ax 2% 3 %&dl 4 01 k .11 7) 7-1 4 3 qf414 ASS14 zi. E *)dl %OF, 4 4 T*9 %%I A1 s)xl 33 pj.? z E &?&l~ $ll&l- BRSi'VF. (611 @IkB 6 : 1-4)

@@

@

kam

"2

3

ky~ng

71+

$@,

Z* good feeling; good impression k g

B%$@, Z#

71

a prosperous condition; good times

@?$idb

MEANING AND SOUND

Ei-1AJ curiosity

71 ki

71613

71 ki

"!.

3 ht sa

Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. "Honor your father and mother, " which is the first commandment with promise: "that it may be well with you and you may live long on the earth. " And you, fathers, do not provoke your children to wrath, but bring them up in the training admonition of the Lord. (Ephesians 6 : 1-4)


44 1 . 0F4j9f &$-4 ~ 5 6 1 Vd 01 4 EX ~ ) @ o ] B7F 3314 61 %%01 ~ 5 44.7)-3 4 k5-4%.@dl 4 St4 9d-kCk. (011 f 11 k3 5 : 31-32)

1. 341fil &%+ ?& Ab7B% 4 4 4 -4 @-S@S-% 0) Qt+. You have to cultivate your mind, if you intend to impress upon someone in a humanitarian way.

On this account a man shall leave his father and mother and shall be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh. There is a great, hidden meaning in this, but I am speaking about Christ and the church. (Ephesians 5 : 31-32)

2. 3 d 4 41 2 t 4 4 7 F 9 3 4 2 6 1 A1 n F d _ 6 1 4 . (E%&) The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest. 3. E$+M (P-+t+nF) : W- 9241 n l - 4 4 &%7t $4. Lights are usually followed by shadows.

6s E4- a happy event

fis Zg a favorable comment; a

9-Sg 3 % p'y6ng

favorable criticism

172

Characters; Family


This ideograph is a hand holding a stick or whip symbolizing leadership in the home: a chief or some one of similar authority. Moses held a stick during the sojurn. Abraham the father of a multitude of na1 + tions. (Genesis 17 : 5 )


2 % +A) 2@ +a X-.@

f

PU FATHER 4 S. Rad. 88


MEANING AND SQUND

%

the paternal line

01

paternal rights

441

+Z parents parents, wife and children

elf

a@niz one's alma mater

% ;tll kye @ 3 kwm

444 @

+E%~;T\ one's

This character is a symbol for a mother or woman, two dots indicate the darker nipples of woman's -breast when-a woman becoming a mother, emphasizing the sacred duty of motherhood.

2-S"O-l the native language

a8 E+ a vowel

9 mo

94

Xi cha

p a t r i a r c a i s m 4 3 $1 4 che TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: & 41. q . 1 4 L J ~ O F . t ) l ~ l s 2 e 3 * ~Itll+-9%444 ~\t~l4~ a52 7) $4. Your mother and father are called parents, but when you are young and lose your parents you become an orphan. b @ + tg . 1 4. The hand that q b 2. gE+ p r t &0l 4 1 rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world. ( W.R. Wallace) 3. 41 XBTI) ~j 2441 7.11 %$3 7kr4 ?$+4t-F. My father taught me Han-giil. 4. XBTB (+d_zOF.d) : F)] 4 .s 6144 71 dl-547.11 4%. Like breeds like; like father, like son.

the mother's womb

a@ ZE grandmother

#@a#% aJ+n+$t an aircraft carrier

173

mo MOTHER WOMAN

5 S.

MEANING AND SOUND %biz

@a

kyo

W % q 6 *)-el

9

%eFv] VJ

3 tim fi EH t'ae @.

Z cho

9Z kong


I

I

#@4l zJq2+ 4-34 3 RdL\\d4. I have decided to contribute to my alma mater's scholarship fund from this year on. 2. ~4171*I/r5\O1J4 4547).4.3-S 4 4 4 4 WE3 WE74 7) 5 4 3 71 4501 4. The powerful prayer of his mother and the teaching of the mother tongue resulted in Moses becoming the leader of the Israel. 3. R@RS (*Eo&~) : 4 7J 4 4 4 44 EQ qQ 4-4 1.

+ ~ + 4LF]

Characters; Family

174

Y

175


I

Agriculture was the basic occupation in human society. When men became old enough to work, they went out to the fields and worked hard. Farmers generally wore a hat.

brOOm symbolHere is a woman holdiflze aa flarried woman. k i n g domestic work, henf and ( 3 1. ( 3 ) (@I) is the combination 0 broom in his represents "a person wl'th a hand.

PU HUSBAND ADULT

PU

MARRIED WOMAN WIFE

*'

-

I

< 4 MEANING AND SOUND

HIGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS +oJ

a wife; Mrs.

$$$* %+ a miner

I$!$% ++ a farmer '&& 4 + a fisherman A% oJ+ a laborer; a

-&@8

45

A

O,! in

#

% kwang

& nong -Rq 6

i~7]79-+

&$ @ ct t a

coolie

3-7-43polygamy

dF4)

Zi ch'ii


+

%Arb1 EM%%ILX4 i-44 3 6 1 2% 4. During the 1960's Korean mine workers were contractually

1. 60 4441 Q%

employed and went to West Germany to work in mines. 2. is;llDJ41~14((%A* aF+;F))41+ gF& 010\717F !%

~

Blstrox4.: 4 2l+L] Z;F. 22% E%3t P@% XXol 73 44324- e q & H J ~ 4 %R%-9 +*41 %i%L-d& A q 3 %AZ+EI S$*S+&@+ X%& 8@+ 9.344-•

+

k t 7 f Z 4r" @#& $#

HIGH FREQUENCY

MEANING AND SOUND

COMPOUND^

@@ +%

441

@&F

414

women's rights +q 2) women and girl*

&@ ++:husband and gife ped life %@&@ +-+-AJ% marrl @A +QJa married woflan

1)3

kwon

&

H ny6 4-q 5k F pu

3 '?&

4-e A

hwal O,! in

FOR READING AND TRANSTYPICAL CONVERSATIONA~ LATION. EXERCISE: 61

~13-+54.

1. ~tlJq2.z @@Q 4 Q$ called puin. Generally married women are $B7k 434, H&01 ?$ 2. t-441 @ A W ] ' 2 ber of women who get jobs 01 { I + @ ~ x94. As tbe of $be woman is increasing. has increased, the pow6 = xar 4+-524:0F47FiW 3. 4F417k 4 "PI 4 q7l-3 ~ 2=T ~

rw*c

9-92-4Mi3441

34-4 xDkfil ~ i i ~ J + t $+ py$W+the door posts to her parents'

Q. If your wife is attradiva home are also attractive.

176


Characters; Family

177

4 qggp$q

-

'4--

This character is formed by a mouth on a pair of legs. The elder brother, especially in the absence of the father, takes the responsibility of the family and has mort h a n @ y and~ $ &" sisters in household affairs.


hy6ng ELDER BROTHER ~5 S.~

~ ~ ~

MEANING AND SOUND

+ a girl's elder sister's husband; A t 4 k F pu a brother-in-law E@3 + an elder brother's wife *+@+su 3

E$3 %j 41

brothers; sibling

o)-+

Eafie 3 41 x k u j

brothers and sisters; brethren %E%4%4 sworn(p1edged) brothers

@%h!,!

q+%j

+el

% XI1

che

b$

XI cha

&

mae li

-

This character is the combination of a ricefield (B) and power (a) which represents "the person who works in a ricefield." It signifies the male, man.


3 4 male and female %&$$@ 3 4 %q coeducation %& 9~fl one's own children; brother

nam MALE

7 S.

MEANING AND SOUND

743

-3k

%A1

H ny6 5% S kong

to1

& ell

mae

and sister

%@

34 husband u) 97) a handsome man

4%@ obarl*

a p9y6n

% nl mi $S 3 chang

$-% %$ 4 parents (and brothers) of o ) ~ ] $ ! pu

j%%

students


+

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. $&@414 EJ3 $$2i;ks)-+ 3% Lots of churches

ee.

use the words brothers and sisters. 2. $b!34- $!3+ 3 4 4 1 %E%G9 3 4. Last year, Mr. Park and Mr. Lee had sworn to be brothers. 3. +% fie t34l +4 %@qlA-1 @2E(B> &a71$4. Next Monday, the P. T. A. meeting will be held in our school.

kg eldest son

4

1. 41 %@$ 9 5% 4 1 4 2 2 H*41 %?k* 3kq-L My husband went to Japan for one week of T.D. Y. 2. %=f-t &@% p J - 2 3 , &=3+ "124. Men make laws, women make manners. (Guibert) 3. m41+ Ltq E3-4 %%+ 4 *3-, o l f i l k 4 4 BIJohF%lrF 61 4. (*&~17]27 : 36) Before he took my birthright and nw, he has stolen my blessing. (Genesis 27 : 36)

178

Characters; Family


179 I

A person in a kneeling posture befitting that of a female who held a low position in ancient society. Otherwise, the figure of a woman in a graceful pose.

A pregnant woman has a baby (+) uterus. It means pregnancy.

ny6, y6

in the ing PREGNANT

WOMAN GIRL

5 S.

3 S. Rad. 38 -


&

63 i~a girls' high school ?%F 4 2 a woman soldier 4 3 women's rights zk .S +L a queen %+ a

I

Woman(

MEANING AND SOUND

++ @ i! ko _1--

24

3 kun

3 kwon QJ s 2 3 wang 01% xt cha


MEANING AND SOUND

98 9 3 a pregnant woman 9%oJ + a pregnant woman

4.1 @ 2 mo 4 t s 1 @FPU 0161 3 % EH t'ae

02 ~ f conception; l

441

k +@@ 4 T;-M an outstanding woman f4 @ S 60


1.


1.

4 S4 8)t;lrk 9. When three women get together, the wooden dishes swing back and forth.

q-gq 33% 0) q-4 u ) q 6) El) 4 9-71 g f 94 37-1. 4011 711 3 M 4 4-+ g!S23. 4 3 01 q. (eF4++ 1 : 20) Joseph, son of David, be not afraid to take Mary as your wife, for what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. (Matthew 1 : 20)

k&+.k T a % @ a q 5 9 6 1 4.

YGgo is the contraction for the girls' high school. 2. 4*4l t E % k Z , Ei%*7;E61 9%I+dl 1 .444 %la41-k *El $$,2t;lr. During the Shilla dynasty, Korea had Queen Chins6ng and Queen Chind6k but till then England still had not had a queen yet. 3. 37 3 6) 2.1 4 48% 71 -SZ4: aS 4 S " l z 6 1 3 p 6 1

pregnancy

2.

4 7) gj$p+q o)+$ *+ 3 61 2 61 g+ 9u)+= "$61 5) -t)4 4-. R 3 ~ 1 4 ~ ) G $61 +z] -1 9fdl 41~ 1 q9-f p ] %I.

3-$1!

21

(~l-4 +g 1 : 23) Behold! The virgin will be with child and shall bear a son, and they will name Him Immanuel, which means, God with us. (Matthew 1 : 23) 3. UA 6)o] 01% 6)q 4 % 6 1 ~ 1 . A child who has been conceived in either a daughter or a son.

This character was derived from a picture of an infant with arms exposed and wrapped in long swaddling clothes or a picture of a playful child, with one arm up and the other down.

4 1 1 children;

sons and daughters

/*Iz)-~

a descendant

'mzt++

a consonant

%z4-33 midnight iwlt3a gentleman; a man of virtue I=]a disciple; a pupil L

.

.

cha SON CHILD 3 S. Rad. 39

DESCENDANT


MEANING AND SOUND


d/

-

44

k

4 ny6

+xi

%

son

[El4 4

?F,e\+ 4 344 +4.

&MvJlAMq

a+ 31q =fl,e\+ Xt.*q FtPq 7)%$

2l-k f@q 54. (A] 3

01

7.301

4-4T R

grandson-in-law

Ad sij

3 Xt

0)s

cha

f&% 1.

3- %Hdl

127 : 3-5)

-

Children are a heritage from the Lord. The fruit of the womb is his reward. Like arrows in the hand of a warrior so are the children of one's youth. (Psalms 127 : 3-4) 2. 41+6dl711+ $37 %=fl7). %%+dl 2 $ 3 1 + 4 t ke41L;r 8 ~q BJ%\% 4. One of Jesus Christ's twelve disciples, Juda, betrayed the teacher Jesus.

granddaughter-in-law

%3 descendants +)@fhu TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

24+ 24 B&bl.Zt--t.

*+2 2 4

& ny6 4 kc1 @ ! @ pu 414

+z) a grandson

yC

B I ~ chijng t kun 9f OF+- $6 Xi1 che

MEANING AND SOUND

a granddaughter

%@ ++ one's %$!$$+ ~ jone's

117) TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

1.

181

Characters; Family


1 80

6CIZ4-4 ~ ~ ~ k R d$- S&S d9-I~tt7l-41Al?$%+I ~1 01 ~4 z q %& T%q F%d] ~ ] 2 ]$-. 4 (A) @

?$-?inF 103 : 17)

But the steadfast love of the Lord is from everlasting to everlasting upon those who fear him, and his righteousness to children's children. (Psalms 103 : 17)

k 8 ~ 4-48 1 ADBPI *4 @3 i 3 E

t6FA.1

Our family is a big one, so there are many grandchildren. 3.

P

94

4-4 -& .ijj;iSsLt7t 9 0 4 7)

#M!ki%dI

4 5 ? 4 - ~ ~!1

Our son-in-law has gone to work as the consulate general, so he became accustomed to foreign life.

Characters; Foods

11. &

183

8 4 Foods

I

Q

/p

%

/I\

%

3

Rice D l (mi)

4n

%%+

Meat % (yuk)

9 S. Rad. 184

I J E H F,REQUENCY COMPOUNDS

y % + z)+xl 4 +-+gq

9 a 9 k u

iijs 10 : 31)

X ~ E

4e3.F a

t+qgq 45l-+ q t 34- pF.'l-k 301 oFL1.9- 24 4 4 %sf 4%34 B%olcI. ( x u 1 3 14 : 17)

22s 0L

For the kingdom of God does not consist in eating and drinking, but in righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit (Romans 14 : 17) 4 4 Gl ?%%01 &%41 5 4 72 4 4) %%it34

+

zrS W\ZI. + 44 01

f i ~ iz k i x s ~BBJCI.

Do not drink wine or intoxicating drink, you, nor your sons with you, when you go into the tabernacle of meeting, lest you die. It shall be a statute forever throughout your generations. (Leviticus 10 : 9)

dining car

frtl

a $.%%5$14 a+ a foodstuff '@$4 43 a meal; dinner --We

u p ~ 4~ 3j ( 4 ] + ) ~ 210 : 9)

MEANING AND SOUND

members of a family

So, whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all to the glory of God. ( I Corinthians 10 : 31)

~1

shik TO EAT FOOD

371

(ran>

r d \ - ,'

S)c\, (

@

l

9 Egg

+ 447)- 4 2 x 1 UFX]+"] g%)o=j

l

m m

Rice plant St (hwa)

4% J'LQ~ ZLZJ

a

Pictured is a table on which bowls are overflowing with food. The detached upper portion occurring in some forms, is probably a lifted lid.

+--

$$ 4

a dining table

-,7b*3 =A

-] staple food

i

- . C C a

3 1 01%

H EZ ryo

9 , '&%

3 ~t sa

-i-

f9

-iL- I

!z~tang

-@ Et t'ak % F chu


i.t+~14 &~ E F l o l ~ &%A+ j

9nF

Q

t4.j L-."

Ours is a small family, so it does not cost us much for living. 2. 01 F!I*41+? &2z*7F od 4 4 9+L1 4. This train has a dining car attached to it. 3.[*+-~q &Be t o 1 4.) The Korean's staple food is rice. 4. Z72-9-E&f&% : OFYc] al11] g+ 901E+Eul) 7) +j 4 % 961i+k 5. Even the Kiimgang mountain must be seen on a full stomach.

+$

Ls' 1

184


'V\-

*'I'

When the grains of the rice plants have ripened and they are harvested, the stalks are s u t , bundled, tied or stacked. This character represents these It is also, the head of the rice plant (2%). .y?. ~1 (Genesis 37 : 5-7)


%@ a]7) the price of rice ggi$in] +-Ad. a rice and grain dealer %& u] ~4 pale yellow; straw yellow

1Xfl~ls rice flour 3%a ~unpolished ] rice

mi

6 S. Rad. 119

MEANING AND SOUND

a

71 ka

t4 % 93 @, A_tl 7 ) @ ~

kok

4% 3

hy6n

=

saek pun

2.

I

: .'l@ 61 84 6) %E- E-@ %I*. Charity comes from the granary. (Only a man of surplus wealth can help others. )

3q.114AdG*cf

+~14&&el 3 6 1 71 4 541 341 4 Q 9 4 s o1 ~&01 94. .119f~++&+Wnc+zs{i~ t@)g;Zl g$+q+qc+ iL s t4 $j$*@41~j yl6) g $ 3 $$ 361513. s)iL # k & 2 3 F) J1$ 4 ~261 *X +%tf. Rice is our staple food, so there are many descriptive names for it. For example mo (in budding stage) , pyb (unhulled) , ssal(uncooked), and pap(steamed rice).

185

This character represents a rice plant during growth. The ears of the plant spread outhwa L. ward and the drooping rice corns on top RICE-PLANT come to be symbolized by the downward 5 S. slanting dash on top. Rad. 115

RICE GRAIN


1.

Characters; Foods


$@/&33

grain; cereals

.

MEANING AND SOUND

;X

+q

tax

.%% +2fl &@ +q --@@ 01 4

$2 q kok

4 ~ - % ~ 1 s e

*

46-1q% 7.1 + @$ 372 I% 01

a talented man harvesting; a crop moving

(SFM a seed

4

Su hwak i

f!%33 chow


1.

48flk4% a71 4541 94. I assume there will I have purchased a house.

Sq &@01

$61

4%4 23 ##Bz)i~

be a lot of taxes this year because

$+.

344 J/k@Oll e18flJ-l %*J This year's crop is by far larger compared to last year's crop. 3. +1 H-7) 4-3 33.9+ @&x %$$23 @+. It seems that our department will be moving into the school building that is now under construction. 2.

%Y

i

6.4

186

/~

Characters; FoodK

Pzctorial Szno-Korean Characters

-

This ideograph, the combination of the grain li, i (X) and a sickle ( U , a) suggests reaping, BENEFIT the _hayest, i, e , benefit, pcofit, or.~ntere:_st. When the oyster and the heron fight, GAIN saying goes, "The fisherman 7 S. 01 r+ 21 benefits. " ($%R2#)

-

The radical hwa(%) stands for grain, the man's staple food, a highly valued possession. sa T h e phonetic (A), representing a silkworm PRIVATE hidden in i t n vacyi.r-r PERSONAL Grain in ancient days was u s 3 SELFISH A)*) *I to pay taxes and the residue 7 S. was personal ( A , property.

1

MEANING AND SOUND

+ profit;

$11 H 4)- utilizing; making use of +IJZ$ 4 profit; gains %I] %%% 81 +.l? profit and loss 0)

9% % % tiik e a] 3 yong

61

d 2 a q i k

@*I] 3zl a right; a claim

441

$I]%

61

benefit

01

@$1J

3)3 $$ fl hae

@ 3 kkwon

+z) disadvantage

el-4 51; % pul

%zl victory; triumph

01 7?.

E8 S siing

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. *%41 $ l J & ~ l ~3 4 %BE4 4-+4 0) 34. When you see profits, you have to think about the integrity

and morality behind it.

+

2. IL+ +ljz+ 8 4 T$Ua4 9JFrJBrJS)zl 3Qt.F. He can not judge whether it will be profitable or disadvantageous for him. 3. El 8 4 dllB4-tFe 44-q fiB4-4 &61 4711 44. If you act only in the interest of your gain, you will be resented.

?2z+

a)


$ 3)

.@,s .-+A)

MEANING AND SOUND

3EI rip 9 3 A t sa 9 !k a saeng xllf 18 Xd chae

private; nongovernmental private affairs

& $$,Y% 34P private life

$L*H$& $L@ 4 3 4

4 private property

9 @ Zlj 4 %

a private debt

~ l qone's

ch'ae

residence t'aek TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.

3&++ ai&@@41 .y4 4 3 @$

€61

%!.Aq-44.

If you send your children to a private school, the overall school expenses would have to be great. 2.

4%

-

$"

$J


T

%$z% Q41 B!Z+k 4% 447) 44. Meddling into other's personal affairs is rude.

3. A S F - 3 - 4 l A j 5 %%B$Eq k-$-GS] % Z ) X 94. These days even in China one is allowed to possess personal property.

4.

21%-

33

414-k

4-s $L%6d44-, 5 2 E 9 4 ~ F ?

188

1


I

Characters; Foods

One thirsty man(A) tries to drink the water in the jar. He grabs the water container(&) and drinks it, then fills the stomach(q). This character means "to drink. *

The shape of an amphora or a wine pot used for distilling. The radical for liquid ( 7 ) added to it indicates the jar is filled with liquor. But some says that ( 7 ) is the drips alongside the bottle, added 5 9 to give a "liquidity" feeling to it.

iim DRINK 13 S.

WINE LIQUOR

,, MEANING AND SOUND


& $ - -$-s beverage;

fk$!& f&@

3) 6I-3$$

drink

%a+drinking water

3 7K

tijQ partake of sacrificial food and drink

\=)+4

eating and drinking; food

f&@ GT. drinking

wine

sf&++ heavy drinking

s

ryo

+ su

9@S

fk

~HIX~.+

@#$ +q

$

@

+ chu

I

BBuYf

beer

LLt rnak

$)$-

liquors

Bacchus; the god of wine

f 03 a banquet i'

MEANING AND SOUND

a tavern; an inn

@%?+ beverages; alcoholic B & f ~4wine and women --

4 shik

FE)% Fi ryu % @ saek ?l4. 8 &Ishin 421

g

XE]@

y6n

9 maek


%5

+Q+. Who had 1. &% -& +] a+ : 4 XI eaten salt drinks water. (Sinners suffer punishment.)

G)axp~+


F@@O$)~AJ BJ

4-4--&% 8 P ' O ~

+

1

I !

pok


+

,

~ 4 4-s %w e s z 1 4 w .

Hungry is cured by food, ignorance by study.

@1~$*4 9% atd.edl,a61 .IY ~ 1 3 ~ . The food is OK, but it's too expensive. %%+. Heavy drinking is bad for the health. 4. %&-& 7i7; by

(fd-320 : 1) Wine is a mocker, intoxicating drink arouses brawling. (Proverbs 20 : 1) 3 @BJ%kdy : 4 % 3 1 514. Drink rice-washing water and behave like a drunkard. (pretends to be drunk) 3. % @ ? k E 3 ( 7 ~ ] f ' 8 ~ ) : 3-f.d 9471 ; bC14 xFkF$?q %fl$b# 3 7\71 i~ i3 E4 4 4 % q t f t 3. One uses public property in such a way that he gains favor from others.

2. 5%

_.'


190

This character depicts a mother feeding her baby on milk. The mother holds the baby with her arm. ( 6 )represents the hand and (7)baby or child.

$Lz+q $L%f

breast

the dairy industry $ipd

jj$ +q 3 1 4 -

MILK

the dairy company

"2 E? 9

Pang

o d % w ~ ~3

Characfers; Foods

The idea of sweetness is represented by a sugar cane. Another opinion is that this character suggests a candy in the mouth.

'@ Bl

hoe

444

8 9 mo


The Korean dairy industry exports many products abroad. i~z)G 0161 7F ,G~-E$(IOZ+5$4. The baby that 2. R%S is raised on mother's milk is the one who is mentally strong.

n l q o J q oF3i &St

+%9f

4.

Usually the American's breakfasts consist of milk and bread. 4. a &%5E(74-+?l) : Oa 414 3 4 71 34 ; 9 0 1 4- 58 5 0 1 Eiit4P R. Smelling 'of milk. (babyish; 'puerile)

MEANING AND SOUND

vg @r sweetness and bitters; joys y l l % i! ko and sorrows w% e n ] dulcet; sweet o F S 4 + $I$mi

W!?d?$$

S.sweetener

%g honeyed

W'@ a;

& % F U


3.

kam 5 S.

---.

f9$is+ mother's milk %%,. Pfi-cow's milk

191

SWEET

8 S.

MEANING AND SOUND


$I@@ +BJ-OJ- cancer of the

YU

Li

W@

722

- ~ U J9U hF ~ mi

words; flattery

a sweet drink prepared with rice and malt a licorice root

A

9% S 9 6n C @ + chu 5

8 5 ch'o


1. %Bell Q3.An indispensable thing[man]. 2. QZ2%8A%T%(&4317F A] ~ 1 9 7 ) ): 2 4 % +%bl In a home of many words the soy is bitter. 3. EkQ 9, 3 Jlt 3 6 1 33%$-.(34)$7] 3 : 8) A large land, a land 'flowing with milk and honey. ' (Ex. 3 : 8) 4. %uH+t-i% (4-TW): %nB%a F k F 4 Gentle wind and sweet rain. (good climate)

&+.

e-3

192


193

Characters; Foods

35 2 F-%

NAMES OF FRUITS

-

The top part represents the cluster of fruits and the bottom part, the roots.

. . . . . .. ..

kwa

2

,

FRUIT

//

8 S.

Mb

+L;;lot !E(to)

Peach

& %

$&(rk

&

~ e r s i(m s hm i)o n

-k+?*

.. .. :._.. .. ... . I


,%*@+

-$&m

a fruit tree an orchard

RR 4-44 a fruit .93+)45 fruit juice -1

@%

34 consequence; results

BE

~4 effect

*

9 mok

%

+4 @ 3 won 2 ~ 1 2 shil 404 & ' i;chiip 9 % $& Y kyhl

+ttF-% B s hyo

Glf e . ( c h o ) Jujube

Y

Chestnut

2 ",H (paek) #(j Pinenut

45. .. . .. . . . .

-

.

6Qv-0, '


1.

. . .. ..

MEANING AND SOUND

4T

.

4%

o r a n g(kyu" e

M

43- % ( ~ Y u ) Pomegranate

f

"8+ '3 (aeng) Cherry

%. P (p'o) @j3rape

g z;1:

('i)

~1 %47??4:r'P?Ma g o 1 fii 9 0 1 DF~Jq 4 *e 9 4 +XSA~ 1 7 GOF ~ +9 M ~ g Ft 3~ 4 ~28 *A1 4. Up flew a crow and down fell a pear. (an 7++ii

*xF

unfortunate coincidence) 2.

APE^ 4 3 1 oil 7PF + r ' b F 4 *6F* %4-. 3 4 %41 115l-Q =F &+ 3%01 s+ 9. At the banquet in the house of one's in-laws saying, "Bring persimmons or pears. (putting one's finger into another's pie; none of your business)

% %79 (haeng) 13 Apricot

194

Characters; Foods


A lone round fruit (gourds, melons, cucumbers, tomatos etc.) hanging from its tendrils and vines.

This character is used to represent eggs in their case. The two lines a t the center, represent the yolks within the eggshell. The proverbial reference: "Eggs must not quarrel with stones. "

kwa MELON CUCUMBER 5 S.

195

ran EGG 7 S.

9 El


$4 a

marriageable age

a$&4.2 the expiration of one's term aa 473 a field of melons afR44

$.a

a side dish made in cucum-

bers + i $ ( ~ i $ )a Chinese quince

MEANING AND SOUND

q 2 %$

81

gP$B@ 3-41 an egg cell gPff5 3% ovalness; egg shape 41'JB 3%the yolk ZJJP4a laying eggs

nyijn man

9 a Ir;! chijn 4%% 4 ch'ae

*

4-7-

g g P %a

4 mok

+-&

4.

Dl%%%

( 3 t fA1 F)J) : %-47) q 2-4 4 4 s %.-14.;t.

When the melon is ripe, it will drop of itself.

Ail se

% @! 4%

hhyrjng

Bt. hwang

gg E @5

a hatchery egg

1, @ $@gP+i@(A)3 A t ) : 9 3 4 1 5

f=q-F $371.

Licking the outside skin of a watermelon. (superficiality; shallowness) 2. 4 3 5-g%]*E~Z) : 3A.z+ %++%)+ +-g Y-Zi-3g+ 3. A nice-looking snake gourd. (a thing not so good as it looks) 3. K I ~ T R E ! ( ~ ~ - S - * Z ) ) 2 4 1 4 4B&-% 3 4 4x1 ?HI-: $ 4 1 4 4 ~2 9% zj %\z]3s). Avoid a compromising position; Be careful not to invite suspicion.

7F-2

san chong



1.

MEANING AND SOUND


%A] t@Ij $ 2.

+ 61 s+

91*+

f d l 3.1 %X 9.Disturbed unexpectedly. 7)

41 11 cl-g4 tdF~1s Rik34 3. %9P+

+41

113. 912 4.

Thomas A. Edison tried to hatch an egg on his bosom.

'1

3.

3 6 1 4x4 4' 9 7 2 6 1 94 4-?

Which was first, the chicken or the egg? 4. LJgp@;ti (61 %+A-R-$) : % 4 P 0 3 a t 4 21 71 ; BE4-q 5 01 7J 61 44 9.Using an egg to bash a stone. (overestimating .one's strength)

+ ~-$++

196


This character symbolizes a piece of meat. It looks similar to the meat we are accustomed to buying a t a store; carved to a portion and having wrinkles in the center.


m g 8% the senses of the flesh

m'm

MEANING AND SOUND

-+q meat-eating +xJ

carnal desire

+A]

the flesh; the body

g Q kam y f% 4 shik

kg

5 3

mg%@J 84

physical labor

$g@%f% ++7&4

the survival of the fittest

MEAT

'm a chijng ,

C;z%%

+

+

H 3 sfl a shell H !#J sfl 5 shell goods .

R 6 sfl A4

a fossil shell

z

!E$%EzJ+q

ro yak kang

mB4l @R* %@01 3-E4. A sound mind in a sound body. 2. d7&% m@+ %Bq @ % 6 1 4 ~ J 4 -E +A1 k 9 *q E%bl 4. A healthy body is the guestchamber of the soul; a sick, its prison. (Francis Bacon) 3. 4 & 9 4- S3F W1 q ~ l 41+ 2 ~ /rE 1 EEd-4 4 4 % A ] 6t&q715 % Z + k c j - . (d13zq7) Tjtip 5 : 23) d_7&*


!2& sfl ai, a


1.

This character was from the figure of the shellfish with its two legs out of the shell. The shell was later used as the medium of financial exchange-thus, "treasure. "

Zil chye

$4 0$ 4-9- % Zl

O,tQ

+

Characters; Foods

SHELL

MEANING AND SOUND

$3 .- , "

?,

197

shell mound a pearl oyster L

*\b

* \ k '

;ZI kak

=

!#J mu1 +5 6 4 s6k 7-d % S ch'ong ;id- & a chin 'FG % F chu


1. ZZ&&rkOll+ 3% W@561 gtl-. There are many sea shell gifts in the souvenir store. 2. 44-)-0ll 9 + Q %Q611~j 31l@g9 4 7 ) W 6 % BE!$+. While I was under training in a desert in Texas, I found a fossil shell. 3. W@+ EI%gRRq B%osxj R M A a 6 l 7) D ; 1 3 4 a 3 7 1 7-7-cj 71 61 4. P'aech'ong is the relics of the "1 7)- +$4 61 Stone Age, composed of the shells which early men dumped.

Characters: Education

12.

1%

199

Education

This character represents teaching, as when the father Abraham taught his son Isaac. kyo T h e crosses a t top and to the left, denote TO TEACH things marked incorrect, as in our own test 11 S. grading. We also see the 711% f a t h e r ( 2 ) watching over his s o n ( 3 ) as he receives his father's wisdom.


y'F5X) 4 +$-$F.-g02 X J q 7) 21 *%)A] s)il 2 4 931- f i g 4 494&@41 )l$W pi?* :-4l4 *o1 4 4 47) 01 g 4n)z1 $; + 4 3) $g$z)+ 4i+ 7 ) . 3 ] + 6,011 s&z)z).

ii$s

( ~ l ~ i 4 l 4 4: 12-13) Let no one despise your youth but be an example to the believers in word, in conduct, in love, in spirit, in faith, in purity. Till I come give attendance to reading, to exhortation, to doctrine. ( I Timothy 4 : 12- 13)

2011 4i?)*.H17F 4401]A]A-l HI-)% 4 P0Jps z E ql7k 4 4 4 -7-4 z!B!!-% 92bl-4 %@+- E4 4 .z z)q + 2'1 k r .I] f. oJol] $+ ~2++AS 9~1020). &E41 *I z @%7) 9A1 *l-j~+rd %I. (4=dl f%B 3 : 14-15)

3 44 q+

~fl+a

+-

You, however, must remain faithful in what you have learned and are convinced of, aware from whom you learned and how from childhood you have known the sacred scriptures that are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. ( II TimMhy 3 : 14- 15)

&@ i z f

MEANING AND SOUND

a professor

% g + s u

&B z+ education

71

&g$ iz-+- a teacher &@ 3 x 4 teaching materials &@ 331 church

S

S

Y U ~

/-%

A! sa

xfl+

XH

chae

ng @ 81 hoe TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. t++e) 3 Q 9% b ) b ] f l A] 7 F t ~ l z $ .ZLZ] st4 $4 5 14 4 4x1 el-4514 5). ( B g 22 : 6) Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it. (Proverbs 22 : 6) 2. 7 )x3 .& z)+ 7).EX] & x ) q xs 4 $L A] i3)z). (gqq4 ~ 6 j: 6) The person who is being taught should share all good things with him who teaches the word. (Galatians 6 : 6)

+

**

3.

*++

44-q B$&+2 4 4

+3

$+. +

61

$kg012;F.

Education draws out the best that is in one.

20 0

Characters: Education


Here, we see a school boy sitting in front of the desk and looking a t his books. Hence, the idea of diligent study and the learning that results, is conveyed.

MEANING AND SOUND


@@ "Fa a =I

q-3 @ 319

school

ryiik

This character has the meaning of a letter or a document, which thought important in mun itself. takes on greater weight when seen LETTER with the many others designed to complement DOCUMENT it. We can see this, as i t 4 S. Rad. 61 9%t developed from the idea of "one stitch which comprises part of a whole net."

*

%g 53&a-civilian official %&% +iz+

extensive learning

q-%8 @t~ a k

an academic degree

+z-]

theory; a doctrine

wi

4 -$$$ 9 kkwan

the Ministry of Education

%%B!% 5 4 1 +%

student

MEANING AND SOUND


9 Lk $Y saeng 9%% % s61

@& Tl~ja %% a @@ q4

ii! kyo

E

a n academic career

%Lq

TO LEARN

20 1

++-3

pu

4f 44

& ! a1 ye

%@i 53 documentary records

59

$8 3 h6n

gik

ZkFk

2 1 hwa

the Renaissance

+sk culture

BZ r PU



I often walk to school because it is close to our house.

1. *@ol Q 22% +-8l Q E&q ~8 7?-8 %%%i;tt 4014. Literature is "the expression of a nation's mind in writing." ( W. E. Channing)

2.

kb%&Ld& P i e 8&@~ ) x ] z 9 + 4 1-0)41.&? Do you know what kind of degree Mr. Park has?

3.

tiligJ3.11qe3 @33+ +7) *PE%txl

91-01?

Do you know who put forth the heliocentric theory? 4 +7F &%. 4. @F+;P W342Y ) : gB41-012 Extensive knowledge and great ability.

=

$' 4 4 4 OF- QtS. Important documents should not be hoarded but should be read by scholars.

I f 4 ~ 14@1-O1 4 9 711 B % s ] 4 7 F - k 7 F %I%3 0 1 4.

3. % l k @

BE13923E*41 4 9 A1 (L.R. Jones)

,,rJ 202


Characters; Edncation

Here, we see the character originally indicating a hand gripping a brush or a pencil. The feeling of a hand and stick still remains. Those markings a t the very top relate that a brush or a pencil was made -jt- 9 from bamboo.


s g z 471

taking notes

]

gg

BRUSH PENCIL

-1

% .

fz

4 -7- %! 9 y6n 3 $1 cha

8

+

4 6 %5 t'ong F9-Q% 5 tick pJ-&

% Xd

chip

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. %+ 2x4 7k8)-4-.The pen is mightier than the sword.

s 1

2. mB*q

g'lt;14

2iL6)*)


3 $2 771 ki ~1q % AI sa

71 f

*5!iOyi 4-3 @*q

-1zz* 401 61%

ei=-l-.

If you could't follow Dr. Chiin's lecture, then you must at least borrow and read notes taken by other students. H F ~ A )44. Our newspaper's 3. 4%P+E~ + - ~ l RIEiq writing staff will be changed starting next month.

203

This character means a letter, a document, or s6 "to write. " The top radical represents a hand (3) holding a pen or a pencil. The radical TO WRITE below denotes "day" or "every dayn(H). LETTER So, the combination of the hand DOCUMENT a 4 radical and day radical is under- 10 S. El stood to be "correspondence."

p' il

MEANING AND SOUND

?,&d

44- copying; transcription i " g@,44 brush and inkstone qLLrt the writer; an author - -gB 4%a pencil case; a brush case 4 A j 9% headline 4 4 writing

-V1V5\"-YYM?"

b ~ 71j a clerk; a secretary

@sr -

MEANING AND SOUND

-

Aj

calligraphy; penmanship list of books

+-

43

71

a bookstore; a bookseller's

3%Aj zq

a study; a library

+% 7J

k

g2 71 ki

% !E

S mok ch6m

71741

j.d

to

@f Xfl

chae


1.

$ 0 1 4 4 %4 :4 7 4 i.;F "I@-61 515. -F .')+3f 2%+*k 201 324 S_k ~ * J q 9. ;f+ T* r"1 l Y 7

In three years a school dog is able to read compositions. 2. 01 ~ J b l ] BJ&b]l f l4 +? 4 41 4%24 -& If I stop by a bookstore this time, I will buy a book about space travel.

,-+a+.

3.

B2-k ME@!@4]Aj

E.

?% 9 ~17&4#$kg%8kiL 2 q.

Calligraphy is practiced one hour a week in elementary schools. 4. 31 %%& 2%41

4 3 4 4:

244

2 0 1

~ 1 4~L@B% 3 ~ ) ~ k X 74 1

204

Characters; Education


In ancient times, the writer used thin, narrow slats of bamboo, starting a t the top and writing downwards. Afterwards, connected slips were tied together, thus forming a book, as is shown by the old character. "Document" may also be the interpretation.


BE

3

a bocjkcase

#@,11q]

a book box

34

(+$s).

I

@a ?11 @ #I

bookstore

R9.E 343J

It represents an ancient canonical book (ffff) that was placed on the table(M). Ancient ch6n books were written on laths of bamboo, tied CANONICAL together The scribes imagined the BOOK modern form (M). 8 S.

ch'aek BOOK VOLUME 5 S.

MEANING AND SOUNI)

@

U!

&g$$

kwe

$k$# 4 Q ) elegance; refinement %% regulation; rules &-$% 7J4 classical books

E? 3 pang

a bookshelf @?, 2 chang TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

RF)@

1.

% B ~ Z!.a+ 2-g

4 4.

Ch'aekpang and s6j6m mean the same thing. 2.

%R 441 9+ M& 9 ~ 1 4&N%ol+. The book on the desk is our textbook.

%+4 24. The book-

3. Rq@+ ~)gt+++ %+% RI)o] 9 shelf is beautiful but there are only a few books worth reading. 4. +t] @$Q B$jg $+m$$&@DJ I&%%+. Our school's book-

store only carries foreign language materials.


kap

q ~ Ek % sang 4 % $@ 3 c h a w

a leaf of a book

205

7J c & z

MEANING AND SOUND

%Y Q)-%%% 0t

a pawnbroker's shop

7)7)1

551

3$.~&

@.

7

4 typical

:

& @ rahclassic; ~ ~old books

:

%$&i~ld a dictionary; a lexicon ', g$ I -

,a9,,

4,

@

P'O

a

$J chang

24. $$$ y ch6k 7-1 4 4 hyiing 2.3

& 3 ko

98

AI sa

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE #OR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

1.

zESMiSoll ~ & 4R%58 4 +++q $&Es)~L @@%)q 4745 4 1 711 3 ~ 1 $4 %A?!. %a+.I wish that all the classical

books stored in Kyujanggak could quickly one day be arranged, translated, and widely read by researchers. 2. 4 3% 5 6 1 =)*x 4.61 71 E 7j A j &@&y?J 70J Z j % zoJ+. That person's eyes are blue, his features are large, and he is tall, so he looks like a typical westerner.

.//.

206

Characters; Education


This character originally meant a map, and later came to mean a matter written on to paper, "to draw on paper" or "to project on PICTURE paper. " According to another opinion, it is the CHART plans to be made to order one's 14 S. ~ - g!iigranary when there are too many grains to be received therein.

Two hands (tt) manipulating an abacus ( El ) made of bamboo(R). Humans have been san -computing-manipuladng and comparing CALCULATE COUNT numbers by the abacus for centuries. 14 S.

(a), (a)

4 3 kt


$$$& arithmetic; calculation $$/% 4% computation; calculation 4 ",F calculation

$I%

9,~ k~d&ii'chc"u~ationiL 'I

%g ;f",F calculation on the abacus fl$$& E)GZ~selfish; calculating

MEANING AND SOUND

$&+ su 2

el+%E%am

'F$

3

% ?C

>

-

:,

~ U

fl EIt'a


1.

HRB@ BB-k % H X c t @Hb]


ms

EL-1

books

mBf@ Ey 4 a

tfS 1 ch'ul

4 % 8 #I kye

207

4 +4. The level of

arithmetic in primary school is higher in Korea than in the U. S. 2. %%)+ 7-1 4 @BE. %F?] 34.The man who uses an abacus well can do mental calculations almost as fast. 3. Bfehas £+$if 4-9 8BB-S *4R4-3 94. Modern people are using a calculator instead of an abacus. 4. A)@o] vly fig&b]4 $_J?~137171 4 4 4 . If a person is too selfish, it is difficult for him to make friends.

library

m% ~3 a design; a sketch m# E a ] an explanatory diagram %m ~1 E implementation &B!

~15 map

MEANING AND SOUND

+ s A{ s6 4 f@ a kwan 34 A -

9 an

+ @ 4 hae ~13% 8 A1 shi

+ & XI chi


4 s as%,

g2.3 71% ~fl-+s]. A house full of

books, and a garden of flowers. (Andrew Lang) 2. Rf) %$ % nB9F 24. A room without books as a body without a soul. (Cicero) 3. Rf)+ 4%4 MBf@+4JR51.211~. When you want to read books, use the library. 4. &Zhl-+ E%%@714-44 9 3 4 4 f l b 1 M&E 94. Each classroom has a world map and various types of other charts.

+

+

L-q

Characters; Architectural Structure

13. @ B 7d3

3 Door 9 (mun)

Architectural Structure

,,Hear

3%Ask

-r= 0

9

S

(mun)

gzz01q ns-tq 01 -&+q8l-q 4 gH @+38l-7)g RILhZl-4 zl-.

(mun) @ !, $

Between (kan)

~ ) d ]

a

@@)z$ S! @%+

(E5ft-F 2 : 1) Solomon determined to build a temple in honor of the I1 Chronicles name of the Lord, and a palace for himself. 2 : 1) )j .z 5!&8)5), x) 'q 5%~ J 5 q8 3%) $ 3 ) z)3. 61 4 1 'q g.3 El)~Jz)q zJg+ R3j%)x 9 qZ)=l, XI g

<

++ a4 g+- 4 +- &m 9 7 1 1 %)4+z] g zif4771 9 4) s 6-1 3 + Sz)x) ~ 1 % 4 z9fqL-l A & + q %+ #z\ S 2F% Z 4-4)

~)%oj)

61

52-

-g XJ] 43 @@e)*tjz]. (BUt&2Z 11 : 3-41 They said to one another, "Come on! Let u s mold bricks and thoroughly bake them;" so they had brick for stone and asphalt for mortar. Then they said, "Come o n ! Let us build a city for ourselves with a tower whose t o p reaches unto the heavens." And the Lord came down to s e e the city and the tower, which the children of men builded. (Genesis 11 : 3-4)

/

ZA

.

33J-Bolt

x

+ ?

9%Shut

02

Open

2)7l1

209

Door

4 71 By*] 4 + ? ~ % l 4-s Pn1 ","*I-Ea-17F$ $%#??% 0 2E ~ + f q 7 F q 4 2 4 9%?LAzl@. (-s-@GS1 0 : 9) I am the door. Whoever comes in through me will be saved; he will go in and out and find pasture. (John 10 : 9) gz]q q-4 7) r y q 4 1 4 -7-54 k 4 +=f+21 q %rig+ +x

"?g 47) 2 ~ 7 I ] ~ S ~ 7 F 4+4 ~ I L Lqlil.I-& 4 3 L ~ j $4 q 2s)zi. (s*J%%&% 3 : 20) P'Jf

Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone listens to my voice and opens the door, I shall come in to him and dine with him and he with me. (Revelation 3 : 20)

B%f+l-4& 0L41 A-l %&5fl 51 6-1 7F x 44-E- %% oJ41Jj 3kq"d @%I.'?_dF%7k 471 4Zl-441f ",t4lLj x l q x j 7FLL151. ( 4 1 ~ 1 k 2t : 21-22) -1",r]~j @&4-.5 4

T h e whole buildipg, framed together in him, raises into a temple that is holy in the Lord, in whom you also are built up together for a dwelling of God in the spirit. (Ephesians 2 : 21-22)

21 0


Characters; Architectural Strrcture

The character represents a two story building, which resembles an imperial palace or a shrine.

MEANING AND SOUND


3 4 a court lady; a maid of honor 414 & k ny6 + E & 3g rice fields owned by the 4 7$$ E l tap

g&

royal family

B 34 a royal chamber rb 8 & 3d a palace

2 shil 4 3 % x;! chrjn

+

2%an

y & ~ k o

ancient[old] palace


1. P&+? s41

+f?k *4 *2x--?j BS-3 4 4 s 4 1 4

+*+.

3 8% f%%Sk$Kungdap is the rice paddys and fields attached to the palace, and by farming this piece of land they provided all goods needed in the palace.

TjFt

2. 4- 7?4?01l+ &@PI-+B%%;r4x+"!4. In spring and fall, every old palace is packed with tourists. 3.

--?-I*q %@B'& #AS *I+++

A


% !2 Z! k ~ 6 n 4 4 8 G kwan

a valuable opinion

Bg 2&a

&g'q 4 4.

Kyrjngbokkung is one of the most beautiful palaces in Seoul.

ko HIGH 10 S. Rad. 189

MEANING AND SOUND

--L-

high-ranking official

fiif:a x% high-quality

A

+

&g

This represents a very tall building or house with two stories. This is made use of as a radical.

kung IMPERIAL PALACE 10 S.

21 1

%%

--L-

,Zj$$*g 2%3~1 the high civil

++%

service examination

#& El ~ C P % s tfing % 3 ko


1. EB+&(ok=+4) : EB+? @244-24 %4. High ideals, insufficient ability. 2.

47F 72

o i t

%)ST+ gje$*3$

41

g.61 q- 32dq-g

%*Fx] 3 3 ) PtF*q-. ~ A man who I know very well took the civil service examination three times but he could not pass it. 3. XS,%lE!( 3 i ~ u F q ): %)**]

*x

$61

+a++ 503, 7k

3 0 1 4 %% S@%+QJ%+ 9. High sky and plump horses. (a splendid autumn)

21 2

This character is the representation of a warehouse, showing a side view of the building. (Genesis 41 : 56)


f$@ f@

+i~ a

ul4d-;;

sljTU!$?

granary; a barn

*r

%7,F& the first issue (of a

,&f? %3 story writing;

$$J& 33

creation

h

creation +

s I

-


$?$g 7&4- an auditorium

4 +q

$8

( s l y

s] ~l

A&

81 ha

q kok

f?U ch'ang 71 7L) kan 3 a rip

~ 1 % 3 chak

+3

z]

tang HOUSE SHRINE 11 S.

@ 3 ko

P

gIJ3 %q establishment; founding

This character was originally represented by a picture of a house.

34

$4 4

periodical) P

ch'ang

MEANING AND SOUND

#f

tj;+ warehouse goods

%B%% a P

warehouse

21 3



tho


1. 3 W H I f j P 93-q %Ba%el+ 3 3dSE 34. The three southern regions are Korea's "bread basket" and there are also many large temples in that region.

2. k@4l 2F4-g 61 X%+2 i-JBsF~l4 5). (+d-k17] 1 : 1) In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. (Genesis 1 : 1)

@q

MEANING AND SOUND

0-1 ?J @ 3 kanng

+ a village school,

where they teach Chinese classics

2

a restaurant; a dining hall

HJ

&4

shik

4

% sfl

Pae

41 tly $j- a church; a chapel

heaven; paradise

34I

SF+

Ad s6

a ch'6n


2-3-9 . k + + ~ j + %"g414 3@@% % 41 ;d 01 4. T h e art and science show is scheduled to be held in the auditorium starting Friday afternoon. 2. 20 4 @M4]-k 614 5 B@*l 9%+El\ % 7Fi213 5;'. 3 4. Twenty years ago there were still village schools in Korea and they were teaching the ThousandCharacter Classic, Discourses of Confucizls etc. 3. 4 514 $+-d71 ? Where is the restaurant? 1.

214

-

In ancient script the roof of a house is represented by an inverted 'V.' And that is the roof-shape of most primitive dwellings. I t originally represented "the inner room of a house, " and later generally 3 Y came to mean "a room."


u g m 44 indoors;

%@S A)?.'?

Eg

k4 a

nae

a conference room; a meeting room

$$$ tll pi

$a$@% (44 3 f )

0)4 q$3$71

7 1 4 4 271 1 .$. 4.

O L 4

Seoul-InchY6nLine

$ ojg

.

$% a

v

4 +%


01 iii

94.

3 s f l ~ j +2]+

3% q

The chairman had not arrived in the conference room yet, so we decided to wait a little longer.

%_.7d

a city of China Tokyo, capital city of Japan

iL,5? 84 Peking, 1.

capital city of China

-

s6n fI a in ,q-ir

3-+

Z)E)~J~Z

x+)z)

/5tc$% 4

Ky6nggi Province

%/5t

Our office is located on the 5th floor of the Taedong building.

3. p3$$41+

71 35

@ + mu 423 S on z

: Keep quiet indoors.

9~1-lBZ$ A% *Jd 5 E011

g<@g8

,

MEANING AND SOUND

9 q % kt nam


1. 2.


%,5? 94 Nanking,

I3

hothouse; a green-house

L-'@J~S31q 4

Lt(

31 kwa

3 &7 7'%

v.,.leahA~

8 S. A

7ti2 & z kyo

an office

ky6ng CAPITAL

9 S.

+Aj

secretary's office

*

This character shows the v f acity with tlxuvatch tower above.

ROOM

0,F

inside

classroom

/ fiiss M] A] 4 a

shil

MEANING AND SOUND

'sss 31-4-a4section chief's office

'&S z4 a

21 5



++ j k

5 tong

*

puk

%Z& A] -$4 C)ll =fa-% '$%\q 1899 q01\ &&Iq 34. The Seoul-Inch'6n line refers to the stretch of rail-

way between Seoul and Inch'ijn and was completed in 1899. -DL+. 2. smbl] P+ 7J4l %2-% f4 4 3 dJ !.oL On the way to America, I stopped and did some sightseeing in Tokyo for 3 days. 3. @M4 3% +M&&G++ 4 q ;1LZ&*1 :A+. The Chinese restaurants in Korea are almost all Peking style. \'

21 6



*$R oootln

%:4$L

If you travel to Korea, you can easily see the pavilions, everywhere in the scenic or resort area and historical monuments. This character represents a pavilion.

This cha-~acteris a juxtaposition of a d a x ( P ) and an axe (R), and refers to the place where fuel- i~r-jiFp
ch6ng PAVILION 9 S.

A


@F

~d ;CF a Jd € a

Xt cha

;ijTJ a suspension of electric

23

MEANING AND SOUND

pavilion standstill; a stalemate

power c pi^^ suspension

@ € I ton 4 9 @ a ch6ng 471 % a ch6n

HIGY FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS ~fi@ct7&

2%

k XI

chi

a stop +a] $ XI ch'a TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. 4 m*7) %01] 4 s ) 94. Pavilions are

opinions; impression

k5-41 an income t a x

2%

#@32 ;7F stoppage;

+?+ +*

21 7

Ffig c t ~ Jdesire; a wish Ffi& ct4 a product; outcome pfi@ga% one's prayer; a desire pfi* &-$-possession; ownership &;7\$$ personal effects; one's

+&

baggage

so PLACE 8 S.

MEANING AND SOUND L$

%

karn

$$! 5 tilk 4-39 5 % mang 62%

9% san %g I$$!3 won %%%%wYu 71% % XI chi 8% &I! g p9um

almost located in the places rich in natural beauty. 2. e g o 1 q 3 6E014 9 %&1%011443 B %3~FlZ+ $4. If there is a power outage, hospitals and large production plants generate their own electricity. 3. 4 r+ .fi*s E)X 4 3 4 4 ) + 32%)#+$iS;F Qol] 4 sl a

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. $%, Ffig, R F ~ 01 $I%-&xF%*~c\. (3g!Ea~j13 : 13)

When you ride a bus or a train, you must wait until it is completely stopped before getting off and boarding it.

plane, you have to go through an inspection at the inspection point by showing them your possessions.

Faith, hope, and love; of these three the greatest is love. 2.

9 d o l l + @El22 9% B a g F 4 4 Ffi%%+- 4 4 4 T. 3 $fig%~Jbtbb 34. When you travel by a passenger



2 18

This character means winter. Winter is represented by icicles forming on the eaves of a Korean house.

This ideograph is the combination of a house (an.) and a woman ( 9 ) .Since a woman makes homelife secure, this character means "peaceful or restful. "

tong WINTER

5 S.

219

an PEACEFUL RESTFUL

L/--

& 4; l a g L


&-@ %1]

the winter season

%/$%+d && %+

hibernation

MEANING AND SOUND

4

% 31 kye

winter clothes

JJ% my6n %- BE 3 pok

+z) the winter solstice %$@% 2 5 5 e 1 preparations for the winter

XI chi $ + & @ wol 7J @ Z chun

$g

2.

3.

+-\ .

I , 1 , 2 % 71 7,F~J.dl 4 8 &Wl 9 January and February are the winter period in Korea and this is when they have their winter school vacation.

2 %@ 4. December,

O , F g well-being; tranquility

z E ~ Qs$ ~ J z H

disturbance of sleep

4 . ~ 3@ H ) ~ Q

2

3~4-4.

e

How are you? It's been a long time since I saw you last.

3.

37,01

ZJch'i


Previously, almost all middle and high school students wore summer or winter school uniforms. The season decided which uniform was to be worn.

*+

€3 Aj shik IL\ ,\ shim

,cl,

4-4 % 41 che 3~3 8 chijng

Fe 31 stability

2.

t-F]+*q +B%@@011 A j @ 8 B 9 9 % E d 1 ZF@41 4 S.FJB3t- ZflE0z 7344 -1%4.

nyijng

kb 95 pang

3

4.011+

a;tqoll xj q &sgzfi+% + .Y+E3

MEANING AND SOUND

61


1.

HIGqFREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

901 & " 4 4 4-4

%1G441119,4~1171- 4

4 4 -]rI~b-]~I%~

The work is going well, so don't worry. turn out just fine.

In time it will

%+a1 W,@,FQJd161 &5)*23 E&%B% 374 3l-44. Next year is my sabbatical year and I am thinking of going to the Holy Land of Israel.

220


A pig in a hut symbolizing a home. The domestkted ka pig is probably the a w l . The invention of this character HOUSE *robany took place in a fairly advanced HOME stage of an agricultural society. 10 S. 4 71 Year of the pig by the twelve animal signs: 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995..

COMPOUNDS

714- the head of a family

%!@ 7kd

a family

@7)+

%B

home; a family

7tf

a domestic animal

7 ) sfamily

q7)

precepts

a country; a nation

k7) a farmhouse

MEANING AND SOUND 7J

E 3 chang

$3 @

chdng

4 dl $% chok 71 S ch'uk 7)%3J $11 S hun 44- -F 3 kuk ~t @ +s n o w


1.

%@B%R(7t~iuLXFRd) : 4 3 0 1 @Ezl-%x-s 261 72 '114 +7,F4-. If YOU are living in your home in peace and harmony, everything will go well.

2.

B%f2E%%(%7l-4~~7F+-) : 4 5 ~ f - 4 4 4 $ 4 q = +4+

2. Begging for handouts from door to door. 3. -t=i%xl B ZR&, 5-81 f3Z%B+ *q-.LLxl

ol-4 8)-9~2

+!fE%xF&, TE%.LLq 4 q@

Tim. 5 : 8)

%+

?$. ( I

This character represents a door with two leaves. Doors provide exits and entrances. It is also used as a counting unit for cannons. This is made use of as the radical number 169.

mun DOOR GATE

8 S. Rad. 169


Tpg#$a

MEANING AND SOUND

gatekeeper; a door-

YJ

@$ @

keeper

rv'I-t!%5 4 ;an outsider

9+ su

+ ! QI 7&+ &* a 9&

Fq&$ 5 ~ a1 name plate; a doorplate F g F ! k +zl-+l one's disciple; one's pupil @pV zJ+ specialty; major in 2 2 x 1 $$

han oe p'ae saeng chiin


1. 9 941 kEr741 t 4PY%bzh R S W Ehol 924. In old days, the guard at the Taehan gate was nine foot tall giant. 2. Z L k 2341 B$E7) 2x\nJ $&$?&IEj34] ryfig*] 4. He is at home in literature but he knows nothing about electrical engineering. 3. @El41t 4 444- F7H7) 2 4. Each house in Korea has a name plate on the door.

+

+

222

Pictorial Sino-Kcrean Characters

This character is a pictograph of one leaf of a door ( B ) . It is also symbolic of the house and the family. The radical part of the numerous characters relating to doors and the house.

-

ho DOOR HOME

4 S. Rad. 63

L]


Umbrella 9 (san)

3 Knife ~4.3.i!5 E (to)

7,$

Sail

@(hang)

MEANING AND SOUND

D b 7 houses and inhabitants

@k 3%house-tax

PFiflJ3%house by house p$$$ a4 a census register p$ Hf the head of a family fgp

Q Increase (ik)

"d 9ku 7-1 f 6% $4 ry6m +S 811 3 py61 4 4 % ch6k $-ad & 3. chu 5

~3 the door or a family

I. %@%%+ $1314 FXrJ3Pn'I% slok 44. You have to campaign door to door for an election campaign. 7) F%ql 4 EB4l 7t0k Q4. 2. 0171 3 I have to go to the district office in order to make a family registration because I have had a baby. 2J 3. %@01 zcsF4 01471- F f 3 If the husband dies, then the wife can become the head of the family.

+.

And the temple, when it was being built, was built with stone finished a t the quarry, so that no hammer or chisel or any iron tool was heard in the temple while it was being built. ( I Kings 6 : 7)

s mun


=: +

01 tg@+ @ggq 441 5%a t 3t-611Aj (-1zi*\x71-4471 @ g s ) g o ~ s @s+t . 6014l b g +4] A-1 t tbFpJol+ z n ] S, 9. @ 037k ~ ~ 1 5~1 7 )K] oF1-1 3)304 ... (TlEZZk 6 : 7)

E

41

4 7)A-] dl s)+q 4 3.q-ssgtq igg 4 2) '$K] 1-1 ST. (@&Zf! 27 : 5)

s 5 igg *q

24

And there you shall build an altar of the Lord your God, an altar of stones;you shall not use any iron tool on them. (Deuteronomy 27 : 5)

"141

+

'31~451q] f$lj+ 5.S 441 22%)gIJf 71x1 $+ .-t 61~2s.r z i ~ 5q1 . GS 26 : 52) dlfzl)x-]

Then said to him, "put your sword in its place, for all who take the sword will perish by the sword." (Matthew 26 : 52)

224

Characters; Tools


This character was originally represented by the sketch of a two-wheeled cart. The modern character still shows its primitive form, but in the position of an upturned vehicle.

@

f ti]

MEANING AND SOUND

a conductor

il-Z. a train or bus ticket +a\

\s F

a horse carriage

1153)- an automobile; a car

@ 7 [ @@ ]TJ%)

VEHICLE COACH

a bicycle a tank

~ 2 %g 3 chang is P p'yo Ym

4 'fi 71 9

,% a t

84Q

5

ki

10 S.

41%

a

fw~x eg@

MEANING AND SOUND


&

a safe

Jj

-1~r a

@+

ch6n

++"!

1.

$g* 81 4-4 - + ~ j fi@S$ "1% 1'. qg+. After passing by Yongsan station the conductor started checking the passenger's train tickets.

2.

LFt

9t %$%ROllX-1 I%%? t f $4.

I worked for two years in an armored cavalry unit in Texas.

a raeng i$chang ,

+

library; a stack room

f 41

&@ 3~

kiim

32 ?$

9 ~ J axrefrigerator %@ 53 book collection; a library

tong

j'-s@ .7C;! chijn

ko GARAGE WAREHOUSE

3

*iL

ma


@)~l-/-blI

This character indicates a garage br warehouse, with a cart or other wheeled vehicle inside.

7 S. Rad. 159

xt Y


I;fIg%l-+

ch'a, k6

225

Ad s6

@ iit

ch'a

a ch'ang

a warehouse


1.

&@4-1Eg ns.4 .)+=

+

44.

If the safe combination is unknown, no one can get into the safe. 2. 4 % +kF%+ ?%BE$ 4 *I 3~14+@4-~1 +WQnF ! I wonder how people went without refrigerators in old days! 3. G-21 *@34 B%* 244- 4 4 4 -1@*7t 94. There are two cars and four bicycles in our garage. 4. B @ t !&$5Olll]@Q @#5$ 391 4. A storage house is a place where some of necessities of life are kept. $IjH3k

++

226

I/


This ideograph combines the radical of the and mouth ( a ) . It ship (&), eight (I\), represents the ark of Noah that means a ship SHIP, BOAT or a boat. Noah built a ship and he took his eight people into his a r k during the Delell A;! uge. (Genesis 7 : 6-9)

REQUENCY COMPOUNDS

MEANING AND SOUND

#k+

,74

a passenger

!@g

+ % 7_Y

JAi

the passenger's

;.d

AJ

&@ 474

fikq -

n+

seamen's insurance

W

3

4 74 $& 4 *?$f$' ! a

the nationality of a ship shipping service a fishing boat

4%

&q

3 7 ] ~ - %

kaek shil won

This character represents a sailing ship. The boat and the sail are returned to a more customary relationship from their juxtaposition in the Sino-Korean character for sailing on the water.


'69 Q%-ri$~~ an aircraft carrier aJ%+%

p9y6n

6

1. k0l-k 24F.Z e l l s 3134. Noah made a boat from resinous wood. 2. ES@@Y.494 ~ E ] J ~ P & *kt+. Surface mail takes more time for delivery but it is cheaper than air mail. 3. xj wF] 7) % % a d ] u$z] &$&+ 9 o l - X ~ A. l That boat looks suspicious, quickly find out its nationality. 4. Ei % + l l R 6 1 oJiiF4 -f. Eq 5QgRt-F. Two fishing boats disappeared because of the inclement weather.

-

227

hang SAIL 10 S.

MEANING AND SOUND

aviation; flying

ch6k


a01

Characters; Tools

HJ

aeronautics a route; a course a voyage; a sea trip

kong

E 2 ham

&-$-BY

airmail

5

P$%BU 8 @ 3 hak 72 t-1)+

@ z ro f@

hae

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. ~ ~ ~$ ~ 24 el) 0 7) 1 &t-]-7k4 : x]A~S)X 7JAd5l-k 01

w23

%y+q f?l;iJ4xgfiz\+-

94.

If you have too many steersmen, the boat will go up the hill. 7)-

2.

301

%Moll4 B a ~ t ~ 1Pfii~W@+ 4 -i -24

+7)-

a 434.

It takes about one week for a letter to get to Korea from the U. S. by airmail. 3. A1 9 Ed+ k$$E'G"ll4 Xi-% 8 0 L BB8-S-44. My elder brother has been working a t the Korean Airline for twenty years.

I

228

b


T h e picture of a coat or cloak was first used to represent that particular item, over a period of time. The picture progressively developed into its presew form. ,,

Characters; Tools

-

r

I <,

Gi

i"

CLOTHES CLOAK

8t

The first one, represents two cocoons. T h e second, intertwining are called silk.

$53

$

6 S. Rad. 145

P:

229

sa SILK THREAD

12 S. Rad. 120

A

14

I

m

'

\ d +

1

**

' 3--3-J-L -/ 4 &&


&z 4 4 dress and hat

J

1

MEANING A N D SOUND

2

$/$& f+q clothes

of brocade

$$e

I*

I;; f

1. q + Bzaas +7;1711 gi71 4 @ 0 ] 9 , OJ+ 4 8 GO D z e7;j 711 %)7) 4 %61+. Eat to please thyself, but dress to please others. (Benjamin Franklin) 2. X01 %7flt-t : 3-L$ 4 9 s gg 3 9 2 9 34- xqq+ %. Clothes are feathers. (If an ugly person dresses well, even he can look nice. ) 3. %+ ~ f l%*I % i ~ 2 ~ ) @ o l 54. New clothes are the best clothes, but an old friend is the best kind of friend.

MEANING AND SOUND

I

/

I

@# 3.') wire; !$ 3

T.

I'i

4% @- ",t

string and wind musical instruments

$$@I A)+ a weeping willow I * @$& @A) silk thread . %$$ ZA) wool yarn

I

~14 $8 S kGm


as


I

"$1

8 kwan

2%4 + clothing; clothes 821 % % ryu &YE 49 dress; costume P 3 pok &% 4~,'clothes; clothing i l " F % sang &$kg 4.!+ food, clothing and housing 4Q @ 3 C ~ U

!

,

+ @n

>

ryu

$g a

ky6n 2 % p m o

d) s &

i

kwan

wiring

@, 3 ch'61


1. a)+ 7 ) 4 d] 4 7&+. T h e thread must follow the needle. (Human beings with mutual love) 2. g$$&-+ pJ?f-n);cl ~2 4. Silk clothing warms even a cousin. (the benefits of one's near relative's wealth) 2614 44- Ti 2 4 4 3 ; x l + ~ l SF 3. -fi--@(q~)$lZ) :

+-$

4.

723 ZL 3. An iota; a tiny bit. &fiS+ 4 &@I$ a&++. Steel wires are joined together to make a net called wire netting.

230


Characters; Tools

23 1

r

Shapes of an umbrella clearly defined. This character has evolved only little because of san its simplicity and readily accessible meaning. UMBRELLA 12 S.


-

i%@ 8*k

-

an umbrella


51 ha

o)-d

3q2

'i

$8

% Ct

KNIFE 2 S.

rak

a sword maker; swordsmith

~ $1 9

jag'

a dessert knife

4-4 % 21 kwa 5% @ TJ c h a w

@aJJE an ornamental knife

3 ~ang

MEANING AND SOUND

7175'5%

@jqu

~JE a long sword


24 E

a vegetable knife

kong

j3 chang 4-43 8 4 ch'ae 7~

$!#BE%?A124 oJ BE 17- )8R-$ ' $$ j 81i.LF A$ @7;q -1YrJ&@oJ 4. UNHCR is a special organization


under the umbrella of the U. N. which was set up to solve the problems of international refugees.

1.

1. -I?-$BE

3%

snr$h( * r q "d : &44 2

w.

2. %T*+ g-k W ~ A R = +BI ~ W I J Rrnq ~ Parachutes were first used by the westerners in World War I. !. X @ k A 3 % qS-011 2 @ 0 1 4 - t 4-$? @k8)71 q-lil-4 4 . Oriental women, in order to avoid getting sunburnt in the summer time, use parasols.

c.

to

Rad. 18

MEANING AND SOUND

CT 44 affiliated; subsidiary qi)C a parachute Qot. 9- a parasol --

This radical is a pictograph of a knife or sword. The proverb cautions: A knife that's too sharp easily cuts the fingers.

4 sq 3.

*@dl

3%4 +-sx7-]5J%P1 @FFo 4- Qq 4 4 Q &B3% 4 = a l - s I.BF&

5 4 @. Being straight forward. 4 3 0 1 A] x ) F g 9 7+k4-:A]7) A1 44.q -l+ 8)71+ 4 4 4 $9 61 4% 9.A kitchen knife cannot sharpen its

AIL +o] 2.

+

own handle. (unable to do it all by himeself) 3. 4JJJJbl 3 4) 3 3 0 1 g + : q-rd-%\ 94ok 2 3011 3 %# 01 %% 4 94%. No kitchen knife in a blacksmith's house; The cobbler's children go barefoot.

=

q rngq ;la 34. The wind blew her umbrella inside out. Ihi

i

232


233

Characters; Tools

The shape of a horn, a s it was originally drawn with realism, came also to mean "angle" through its usage.

This character combines the radical for horn ( R ) with k n i f e ( n ) and ox(+], To cleave the horn of an ox requires the use of a knife; hence (I$$).

kak HORN ANGLE 7 S. Rad. -1%

hae DIVIDE UNTIE EXPLAIN

13 S. 2

-1IGH FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

&@ +E. an angle l%jik 1 4 1 an ice cube

MEANING AND SOUND

3 ' '. -T square pillar

@-&3 ~ ;a #& *-Cy rivalry; competition :@ff$ ~ $ 7 4 4a

E@3 7,F

to

4

triangle

ifc

OJ+

71 3 A

3

@ 3 chu

e5 L: T

%$

gA,F

$8

a right angle

ping

C

&.zJ

~Jd1

ZfqBq

31

515

chik

+ 31 2 4 .

In the third dynasty of Egypt, they built the mysterious triangular pyramids. 3. 90 1$4 E%*] 513 3J-4. A ninety degree angle is called a right angle. L. 4 41 % k AdBL 5 4 1 k fisB01 @$lJS\q. Among the sugar put in coffee, sugar cubes are convenient.

-1s

@g

dj ;? solution; disposing of 84 i~layoff;

discharge

+ij%L an answer; a solution

MEANING AND SOUND

;"d 9

g+ 43~ 4 -5" e

hyijng

I. %!if4 BIB%@@% E @ J % . ~~x1 4 2 4 The . U.S. Department of Defense building was built in a pentagonal shape.

1 %3E@+

%& %@

h3uk

I'YPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANS,ATION. EXERCISE:

. 1

HIG-H FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

%Bf#

'& 3 ky6l 7g Z ko Q tap

& &!!

pang

4%3 1 e PU being difficult to understand 4 4 =$ $% kk nan

C___

L;fsfl


@f@%4l%4. Prayer is the only key to solving my problems. 2. B%q &@&A BR ~ t q o ]$3 24. Due t o the economic depression, there are many places laying off employees. 3. *I q+q B%-g4%Poll %3-44 4. The key to this puzzle will appear in the next issue. 1.

Ltq rn7EBBRq

4.

itF3-q B%Z!&B &

8 % 15 201q. Korea's liberation day is August fifteenth.

234

Characters; Tools


This pictograph illustrates a knife. This character symbolizes the idea o f - d ' i ~ i d i nor ~ separating.

A boy cuts a watermelon which is mainly produced in July into seven pieces. This character is the combination of seven(*) and a k n i f e ( 2 ) . Thus, (@I) carries the meaning "to cut an object into pieces with a

tan CUT OFF

18 S.

g+

s-% 24

C,t


B2 ~ 1 3a break

of friendship

t?l-yl abandonment; giving up

@ma 3 4 5 a cross_section

%&@'E+q -99 a fasting cure %k09 Q44 fragmentary; scrappy @%$% ++9Qlack

MEANING AND SOUND

4% % ii! kyo 28

,z, a ny6m 2 @ a my6n 71F

qiq-~g-q J\A)+

Ll UJ @,&3FiL

D-J

a p'yi3n

-$!J

2%

i? yu

-9 ?&!,W

93-11the whole %J%kindness; goodness

very hard in order to go to Germany to study, but after he got married he gave up the idea. 2. 4-+ 4 7 E#&B!Jo] 4 ~j ~~T~~ A\@+ @ % # s \ z 44 2 0). Idon't want to associate with a person who lacks decision as I am too straightforward. 3. $mpl)4 E. %&@BAS %f$fE ?&el 3.k 3 &q-.

$E

mang shil

%+ % S5 pp'um

4 % out of stock

z ~ L

4

sword. "

% ~ q $f 2

$!J@ 244 acute; immediate

i~ ryo

of decision + ~ 4 9

CUT 4 S.

MEANING AND SOUND

MW

an earnest desire

i~3@

+%gq3 7)4 il +q k*s\t==q #g!g%\q 9grj 2 ! Section Chief Park's son worked

&+

3d

chi31

a& w 2 @ Q tan

3% 32% cutting

A.

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1,


235

absolutely

fii

il

A

a

~JQ ch'in 'TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.

9JEB-S @rn%)4 4 @d,\4-41-9.

Be careful when you use the cutting machine. 2. 3 @&+ $+41 4-k;CtnF-;zt 3 4. Those sales items ran out of stock, as soon as the sale started. 3.

P%q & G % ? l $ t

%rn%'--l4-.

Today's travel guide is very kind. 4. M&@& (351+AJ) : @+ 5.1 ;.1 0) 5 72iL

++ 4 9.

236

Characters; Tools


(a).

T h e needle is made of metal The regular form (gf.) has a good point, a t the substituted phonetic part(+) resembling a threaded needle.


Hi3 "1b 35 a E$t!&.1-?J

44

a compass

$fz

talent in needlework(sewing)

%$f 952

a policy; a line; a course

5J all

B$t r;t%jthe hour; hand (watch)

)g$t "1

32

ch'im NEEDLE 10 S.

a pointer; an indicator

ke&

%

49 &$

3 XH

23 +7kq

chae C,t tan

77 3 pang

1

% XI

I

chi

94%9. However

pressed you may be for time, you must thread the needle, not tie it round the middle. 3. N/J\@k(%J&%d) : q-$6'9,3711 %]% 3 4 g $ L . Exaggeration; hyperbole.

ch6ng

MEANING AND SOUND

+

4.121 9 63 tu 4 E the decoration on the porcelain ~q74% 35 cho fl@ 72% a hammer 2-18 @ + ch'u JJ 4 spiked shoes 4 @4 1 hye

pan

1. --$fRIh(%SJ4q2) : 3 q-u!41 9%%jZ]@. To needle only once to reveal blood. (To come to the point) 2. o t y c ] d k u + E d k + s]z] -144&x] EQc+: o)-I;-z] S5J-9 0 1

$&&+4 71 i ~%$g t Lf

Qg ;Zd +- the head

apmo


+Z


MEANING AND SOUND

seamstress HJ

This character was originally a pictograph of a n a i l ( T ) . Clarified with the metal radical(&), i t is now written (g).

237

1

,

#a

of

a nail

QJzd a thumbtack

?-S

# 9 ap


1.

qo-l I+& %+ +-+q

-

t+40li=+. A

nail that sticks out is struck in. (Envy follows good fortune). 2. ^Jqj-Q ~Jisjz q-$4; $ 7 4 ~ ~ % & 4 - % 4 - . I bought a few small nails from the hardware stpre in order ;$'L4'-CccC to make a shelf. 3. u,Fx] + 9%x] i~%$ LFeS St+.T h e hammer hit the nail and the nail made a hole in the wood. (chain relation) 4. 1 7 1 1 1 Thumbtacks are wanted for putting the schedule on the bulletin board. 2A1

.

238

239

Characters; Tools


One day a wise king named Sejong, Yi dynasty took a walk in his backyard, while shi he was inventing Han-gfil-the Korean alphaTIME bet. The shade of the tree moves around on 10 S. the ground (&) all day ( H ) long. A t last he inA J vented the sundial. This character means the measure of time.

A brush is seen here cleaning the vesselconveying the idea that i t is now empty of content. Hence, " e x k u s t , " "finished, " and "the end. "

-

@


@/?a4 7J hour;

@zt

A]

@B

4 0 1 %'J

time

41 a clock; a watch

A171

@$-

MEANING AND SOUND

proper time; season; period

~ 1 A current l

events

@BA1 + speed per 8 % g ~ 1date;

hour

49 71

kan

zt #I kye

q%

71 ki

s AI

sa

4%% G sok


as

zJAJ

%@

zJL; the entire number; the whole

giving one's whole heart

% d C \ m ] one's

%E a

xJ+g

whole heart 211 day long

DF] ZJ a sellout

2 B 2 i l


1. RPs'J-& 7t% Zt&$ol4. Time is the greatest innovator. (Francis Bacon) 2. I%Bi7+ 9sl-44 l d E d 1 4 . Time is a wealth of change. (R. Tagore) 3. 61 @if+ ifgig$ @%s 9-g4 01 q. This watch was received as a wedding gift.

$

z J ~endeavor; effort; exertion

==I=-

time and hour

MEANING AND SOUND

'#%

&zJ vanishing completely

a

ryiik

3 sang 4 $& 3 su

~2 ~2

~b,\ nt% @

u)+-

32

04 tu 09FL

:#

shim

.+

chong e

i

mae & so UH


: ";t4~!41 PZC] 3%. T o capture everything in only one casting of the net. (everything captured)

1. -k;f4fl&(29~\~J)

2. g % a ( y $ + ~ J ) : There is no end nor exhaustion.

%a.ls

4. 6 8 % % o l l x l + %BLPBol I%@ 6 5 u ) % o l % l 0 4 I wish the speed limit were 65 MPH on the expressway.

&&+ m%41 4-PJ'mlJF RSZ1% 4.I That item was sold out as soon as it came out on the market.

3.

2

4.

zL-+4% qzq E32S &7J4-4+a ~Z3!l+. He has promised to use all his influence in your favor.

240


Qe P i=?.m d

15,

f

. T h e right hand ( E . JTI)

pressing a seal( p ) , f o U the character for seals used for stamdin ing impressions on clay : (Ell). These, in SEAL time, gave way to inked impressions on paper. PRINT With the invention of block 6 S. Z T ~ printing the character enlarged its meaning to include stamping and printing.

A

a


?E Big LH (tae)

@%&4 Q g a kam 4 @! sang 371 C]

@aoJ4l

a royaltv(onh)

#1IIIo J 4

print

Luc?

&

ED@ oJ+k a seal; a stamp 3 E p E ~ Jsignature; signing

0 ~3 4 2 A';-

I

se

41%

IJ

4 swae 3 chang

35

3%

4+Q

1

m34 @#tt4931

f@b)/]l

I

~ + L - ] x ) ? How did

you decide to pay the royalty about this book? @gay ;=+2&~\ FOBilQ+ B # n + 18% 234. Korea's printing history in movable type advanced 200 years than the western world. 4. 71 41 2-41A. Put your seal here, please.

8%D)*

Small

w

s

z3 (SO)

+- 2 +o&

33 Measure 41 0)2 Measure 4 (ch'iik) gb (ryang)

3 $d-AC) z\. (A%J@$Z#& 11 : 1-21

s)-L+qq *k3Q 00-1~1 fig4 - l I f @28\ 98L.G. (%22 11 : 7) GI 7 )

6

@A

-..

who worship there. But leave out the court which is outside the temple, and do not measure it, for i t has been given to the Gentiles. (Revelation 11 : 1-2)


0

1

Rise and measure the temple of God, the altar, and those

cho

There is a great deal in the first impressions.

+-%

1 I[

Measurement

I J ~ IfU lit A

MEANING AND SOUND

oJ7& a seal impressi n ED @! ~ J A J -impression

i

I

1

E%$+ 0-1 4

e-4

Do you know the mind and purposes of God? Will long searching make them known to you? Are you qualified to judge the Almighty? (Job 11 : 7) 3 gfEf++xi+3-2 ~ t c t X 4$;14L]*. (-$Z2 11 1: 9) Their measure is longer than the earth and broader than the sea. (Job 11 : 9)

242


Characfers; Measurement

Plants and trees growing - on- - the- ground. The horizontal line indicates the ground, (A).

sang ABOVE SUPERIOR 3 S.

This The The shot

character represents "middle or center. " first picture shows a bow and arrow. second picture shows that the arrow through the middle. The third picture shows a tennis court.

243

chung MIDDLE CENTER 4 S.

7)9dl S


kg

AJ-4

a higher-up

k%flkf$-+43)high society k.3-$-+the upper part k% 4%the ascent; a rise

kE A 2 3

Ek i.d

45

3 kwan

3%%

5 ryu

4%3

+

9%

S shng

4 E3

the Senate

tk P+! the housetop;

MEANING AND SOUND

the rooftop

PU

won

"d E s o k 4+ ~ l @ B c h h g

the summit; the peak TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1.

6,

AJ-

q 4 akq 9 : 4 7 1 q

6Jq-k +. If

BgJ%)iL

*$ 7-93+

a man fails, he blames his ancestors. (A fool blames others. ) 2. 1- 9% 4 W z Q kgpl ~ I ~ l o 4-514 lI %jzl++ z+ 6) HJ $J%n)z) 71 4 4 +A) 4. I can not do that voluntarily because I have to do it in accordance with my superior's instructions, so let's wait until the end of this week.

+si~


MEANING AND SOUND

Ffrr~E]5 7 , F middle; midway +m Tj-5:China +@

interruption; discontinuance

+% 5 4

a lieutenant colonel

+~h 5 ~ the 2 center; middle + @ 5 4 - 7 1 E middle of the way

+)

~w'J

kan

4-51 El 3 kuk 3%

9 tan

4k g B a ry6ng DF+ JL\4 shim rf! rf! 9 8% 8 yong

(Oriental philosophy)

s+4 5

concentration; convergence

n+

4 chip


-E.S~I 01

+

LFAJ

SIX gw-l FP~BPI 4 21wt.

Monterey is located between Los Angeles and San Francisco. 2. #f.+f;Siiol -?-"I %R +&Ox 713"13 ZLtE%tf-. Lt. Col. Park was assigned as our regimental adjutant last month. 3. +El+ 01 41 4-4 $ &E%611F7FS F E I t k 3 ~94. China is now opening its doors to the free world again.

244

!


-

Trees and plants grow above the ground, but t h e a g r o w deep into the ground; ha thus under or below, instead of above, (7).BELOW

For instance, man says, "so big, " stretching out one's hands. I t is a gesture signifying largeness. This is made use of a s radical number 37.

DOWN


T1I$bt7J

MEANING AND SOUND

a descent; a drop

TB8, 5171 4 a retreat ceremony T E z?-+the lower part of a stream;

3

! .a kang

71

@% 71

3%

7;7ks % F + r

+ ryu

5% 4 shik

lower grade

Fk Z\R?- a staff

fi

ki

4.1

sergeant

sewerage; sewer system

&F@ A]Z~-E an underpass; a subway

72 %

k A/

sa

2 s to & XI

I

I

! 1 1

I

the lower waters to be clear. ?. T@&

-p?? *LJ- A\++

P+ Fj$J%%% lj2qoi a&+.

During the retreat ceremony all vehicles and personnel must remain motionless.

A$%47N

tae BIG LARGE

3 S. Rad. 37

MEANING AND SOUND

4 76-

%$most; the greater part

4+ almost similar 4~k great quantities A@ 4A] an ambassador A@ 4 a college

245

7H

%;F~)A\ FJS 41 "1-3 Ek -7-3@ A t

kae tong ryang

t~q+

@

sa hak

443

#

chang


chi

k%7;+@(J&+pt+Jd) : 4 g o ] $$010) 30194.f 4 41 9 t xF@ol 3-1Kbtg 01441 a+ ~ Fql-z rcfzpj 39%) 7.11 4 4t F. The upper waters of a river must be clear for


@dr] grandeur; magnificence


1.

Characters; Measurement

1.

I1

%R&&t 52 4.114 %i$lkItq371 a)l S 6 1 l kB&E-%4 34.In modern society everything has become mechanized,

so it is easy to mass-produce things. 2. %laAE%41 714d %ikP7414 %%AX i-B??

4.4 713

44. If you want to go to the American embassy, you have to walk ten minutes south from Kwanghwa Gate.

3. A%@%(4 7)~,Fxd) : S zg-$%A1

+ $711

0)

+4

61

+q 3

xd 3 4 1

3

. Great vessels are late in completion.

246


+-$

For instance, man says, "so small, " with arms hanging down and shoulders shrinking. Thus, this character has the meaning of "small."

Originally, this character was a pictograph of a chisel or drill. A sharp point proceeds from a large (A) end to a small(+) end.

SO

SMALL LITTLE

3 S. Rad. 42


rJ\j$!fE a n 43 fj\$

'J\&

&AJ

71711

9%3 # s61

timidity; cowardice

nF+

'J\%$4ike\i+

r~\&hn a parcel; a package

-9

, --

%/J\ +& reduction;

curtailment

,a

a

X P'O

214-5 @ 3 ch'uk

I'YPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

I.

/J\gJi!?s % s J i ! ? 4 ) A j 7 \ 4 $ $?~{+3% 3i+

3.

7)3] 0)

q.

A retail store is a small store that sells goods brought from a wholesale store.

!. /J\Wq

+%i.;t @$E %St I L d e ] A&-+ 4 4 iL 3q-+ HJ 41 511.4. The only reason for the existence of a novel is

that it does attempt to represent life.

/J\%# %@-&

ole]

+q

$% jd F& a $73 4 E a

l\y shim

*iel G!! o t

pediatrics

@+ 2)s s ) z )DJ q ei+ @%%Jq-.

A pediatrician treats children's sicknesses but counsels adults.

SHARP POINT

6 S.

MEANING AND SOUND Lw


a chiirn

a novel

ch'iim

$ bS1 Ei

MEANING AND SOUND

a retail store

247

Characters; Measurement 11.

S

pointed end; a tip

34 'r 8

2

a vanguard C'S 3 E& a pinnacle; a spire

I

9 tan

?&.),!Eto

sharp-pointed knife

4

9j%

E&

P Y C ~ ~

f.43 t'ap

$$$$ TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. %-$i@fiisoll 4 H R t %%++@qf ABF 3 W 7 o l C1-.

e

Research concerning space travel is one important part of the advanced sciences. 2. q q Z J ~ ~0 F ~ 4 -1 s 7 1 v J SVE ~ 1 a - J 3 2-7! Even when I am only looking at the knife in that showcase, it seems as if it is cutting me. 3. @ 7\4-61 fi%%i4 f i 3 3 R q 3 3 4 1 4 $34 S!R+ 3 3 1 i~sf Z)-+ /J\$$Rq %&;-6] 3,. The vanguard is a small unit which marches in front of the main body of troops, observes the enemy situation, and protects the main body.

I+

4.

$#?$qj@$Z$$&

$+ %n+-

4 *%

3 1 S)71

4 81

3 4.

n!g@)

248


-

I

This character represents the center or the middle. The man(A) is standing in the center of the blackboard (a)

$* +fft1R$%3


the center; the middle

+%% ;5*&3the

Central Government Building kE!Q +?j screening

at-

cat-and-dog life

9 chung

7)+d]

Intelligence Agency (C. I. A. )

2


MEANING AND SOUND

%*Jy ~ l the : Central

kk@ 4f

This character has a twofold meaning. The first is that of squareness or the quality of pang SQUARE having four sides and four right angles. The second, however, suggests the concept of DIRECTION 4 S. direction, as a boat which is 9 able to steer its course by har- Rad. 70 '24 2 nessing the wind.

ang CENTER MIDDLE

.

50J

OJAJ

BJk a chiing 9%$$t Y po 432 I chy6ng

I/?&

%+3 % 4.x 4+.

%a4

The national museum was the Capitol Building previously. 1. 01 $41 X%Bj%4lxj f RS% k@i.;FLlnF ? What kind of movie plays a t the Tongbang theater a t this time.

+ +

I.

7q*

iL"&"l k

Aj

s k%*] z) k

*)+q-.

3+$S

%{aH&+

a point of the compass

+E]

4 an equation

(3

6n wi

4-4 @ a ch6ng 523 @ 2 hyang


,ATION. EXERCISE:

I.

a dialect

A

%@ HJS, a direction; a way fjnE$jlB ~&9%3171a direction finder 3% E 3 t'am + % 71 ki

.

I like to buy the one in the center of the display case. M&~%!J@ @%!J+ $4 +*Bl$ioI 94.

TI ‘E EI PGP

a method; a way

'JxJ

4 % & SI y6ng$8 Od. ang 3 4 suk -

MEANING AND SOUND

3 .:% J .

$51' 9 @!< PYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANS. 4-24 3 4 +A41

249


4 71-4 Z.&%4- 4 K1'%-04f%.R32SB7) $. 4. I have tried all possible ways but there is no way to solve that problem. 2. f i s 4 l 4SJ @ 3 l l O l t 3 Q X i Q t 14 doll E& f~&q gZ &el 24. A teaching concerning tongues is recorded by Apostle Paul in the 14th chapter of I Corinthians. 3. XX~%!@(~JU&J~+) : 4 T- q-q-xjz]Tz]T 4$+ @@. Being flustered from being too busy. 1.

I

I

250



There are two stories implicating this character. Man has two lungs m d e his body. Another story is that this character is com'posed of a house(+), people(A) and enter(A). It means "inner" or "within. "

The idea of going round was represented by a spiral, which in later times was changed hoe into a small square inside a larger one, as the GO ROUND character is written in modern times. This CYCLE character is also used to in6 s. S l dicate "a time, a round or an inning. "


a a&

3 1 3 one's 60th birthday

3447k

%L

kap

>

F

7ts.3 % iil kyo 4 3 8 El tap +& 5 2 E! ram %.I-% @ 3 pok ~3 71-2 Z! aF sang

3 1iz Mohammedanism

@g 31


MEANING AND SOUND

a letter reply

3 1 $j- circulation

@@ 31+ restoration; recovery @?% 31 to recall; to reflect

i t

n

1 2 % H

4

$B$S 4-

n?f$$f% @ 4) -$ the

+.

I

$$a

447J E%q HE& +4 4.

The memory of past troubles is pleasant. (Cicero) 4. HL+@S (3lA22Jq) : p]++ 54 q 5L %+ a)-%.

I24 z/ kak

substance; contents

+

%"23

+

IF pok 7 s 8 yong


decided to buy my father a new car for his 60th birthday. 2. 01 ddf mg.11 4814 !.b%$$bl tilitis ~1% F,.4;3 %J+. According to this week's circular, Section Chief Park is going to observe the Korean branch. 3.

;Zd

4-+ $4 21 kwa 4 rlq %L ran a civil war; a rebellion 91% % mu 4 7 4 the Ministry of Home Affairs 4-k 26 ? PU the internal department

HE 4 + underwear

%;Y$d I've

~ ~ 1X7 1

nae INSIDE 4 S.

MEANING AND SOUND

a cabinet; the government

n$q4 Jlr Wf%L 4 G


I.

4

25 1

r

1.

4

-z R L ~ +mm3.114 BB-E;~-44 4.

My elder brother works a t the Ministry of Home Affairs. 2. K;bu$I.loll--q-k 7 $ + 6 1 1 ~ mtJ86i+ "d iGB71- 9.4. We don't need to wear underwear in Southern California. 3. .;%+ z ) - g ~ lm@* @gq g#7] % ~ k * +f$4.Whatever you do, you have to balance the contents and the forms.

252



The s u n ( H ) peering through a tree(*) may also suggest direction-in this case, the east

(%).

tong EAST 8 S.


54% the

%$b

I

5uJ

& ' j?$ +o&


pEJ s mun 4-51 $b 9 pang

ERlk Aj 73)westernization;

5

an eastern country; Korea

Far East

the Near East

d%

Dong-a IZbo

the Orient; the East

$%%-++the

a% 5%

MEANING AND SOUND

East Gate in Seoul

- % ~ J $E H %dFgl the

t

@#z xj71 the Christian era; Domini (A. D. ) B@JAj + West Germany

01 a

~ l -' ~8tOc)

yang

43 $% + kiik 71748 t kiin

ER&

Near the East Gate in Seoul is a large scale market place. 2. %I3 El%+ 7461 $4 4 - 4 4 Et IFIlRMq Z 1 4 - 0 1 4 . The Dong-a IZbo is one of the most widely-read newspapers. 3. %%El% (%@-I f ) : 01 42-1~1 z q-x;.114 4 t d, S 9 SL. Busily going here and there. 4. % @ i % t k ( 8 4 4 % ) : W 9 9 4 4 4 4 -14%0 1 ~ 1 ~ - 1 E ?GE1 ~ Rgl-+ d, . The subjugation of many countries.

\ t

I

WEST

6 S.

3 ku Anno

s)% (k .$z)

#I?

St hwa 71 ki

% % tok ~l-4 ?% 9 yang

~j 024 an European style; western style -?Q Bt hwa ~j O&Z\ western painting TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. E % r @El42 6 1 5;t ElEd144 12&%93&BE%%FEt @$ +%+0$-3 24: West Germany is like South Korea in that it lives with the sadness of being a free nation that has a communist counterpart that is made up of people of the same race. 2. ?&fk%+ -i@jA@4lxj P3XS-S B & ~ ! I ~ aJ4. X They say Mr. Chiing majored in western art a t an art school.

fisg

4 9 q XAP'Jz~41+ 4 4%- T F Xmg.1 ~ 94.

si,

MEANING AND SOUND

Europeanization


1.

?his character came to express the direction "west." When the sun goes down in the west, the bird returns to its nest.

253

a

A.A &m

254


II,,,,,

,I.,\,.

American Indians used to live in tepees in the South a lot. The door of a tepee is toward the One sheep (+) stands in cant ---.. south (g). of the door. This character represents the south.

nam

9 S. ..,.


MEANING AND SOUND

B@

4 -+g@

*+-

the South Pole

\@& %4south

and north

an invasion of the south 9% south wind %@ +fl the south sea 49 south-west 32J

aB

This character represents the north. The puk; pae picture of two men seated back-to-back. In Korea, north has always been regarded as NORTH the back and ~ ~ o y ~ Thus, DEFEATED d the 5 S. emperor's throne both face

SOUTH

J

%@


+ kiik

[email protected]@--++Ad i k 3 +tQ- the

4-g j k P U ~ 2 d k g @ 1 ch'im et@

%J!

@

+a-]

Aka* 44

S p9ung ha6

54

4 J i% hi 5 6

1 f l q 0 ) . - The penguin is the gentleman of the South Pole. 2. $Rol $3 -4 7F %cF+ 9019 4 . They say when the south wind blows it is going to rain. 3. @!Slq %%41+ Q$ ZT@qAd 94. There are about 3,000 islands in the South Sea of Korea.

Eit#Z&+ @+&q

%%@N41

5 + 0 1 9 3 01 4-

The South-North talks will go far toward the easing of tensions on the Korean peninsula.

the polar star northern regions

a dried walleye pollack the north latitude defeated; beaten

MEANING AND SOUND

4 +Q @ 5 kiik t>q fj 3 Pang 371

8 1

& Oi

6

## 81wi

~ (! 3 : pHae

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANS LATION. EXERCISE:

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: A -

4.

25 5


i

I

1. ;ILTLS 7F4 !g&tI.Jf B Z l i ~ 4 0 1 4. When you head north, you will see the Yalu River and Mt. Paektu.

2.

@mq E%S+

a 5-3 01

01

4.

A common feature of'Korean houses is to have the back of the house facing the north and the front facing the south. 3. 44 2 4 4 $364 +? OF+ + 0 ] 3 4 4 Cf. My grandmother likes seasoned and steamed pollacks very much. 4. x-]-&$ jk#$ 37 4 . 3 4 %@ 127 E 4 -$dl .r;] 31 313. 9Cf. Seoul is situated in lat. 37'3'N and long. 127'4'E.

+

I

5-43. %-+- FJ3l 9%

256



Christian life should be Christ centric by day ( a ) and by night ( H ) . @,% was an old name for Korea. This character # ! (AJ) is the combination of a fish(&) and a sheep (+). o)~J ; l $54

.The season that the warmth of the sun causes grass or plants growing up is spring.

ch'un SPRING 9 S.

MORNING /

',

%

257

represents

s

'I...

J


MEANING AND SOUND

m+!J a morning paper -_ 9%ZQ breakfast -

34 4 9 =fu

37,F

#4,tE4 morning and evening; \//

Pa- I% a Pan 4 4 4 s6k

breakfast and supper

,% a

s6n

$,kJ@J/i~y a morning gathering

n.2 @ SI

hoe

x$,kJi%k~ a dynasty

%$Korea's old name

% wang


l.''&**~ A% BfJf11%M X330-l A ?

+$

( 3 4 n4 )

: 6132ol)

&++ 4 4 i~

%Bm a

spring plowing

537) a hard time in spring

* *+ @w spring dreams; fantasies @% %+ the vernal equinox 3% 4 the first day of spring 33

the spring time of life

MEANING AND SOUND

972 %& Z! ky6ng E t P @$ 3 kung 3 t!3 s mong 4%% 3 pun +%

YZ u rip As p3 a ch'6ng


1.

4- ' M q g f k k 412L($ga ) q 9%24. Spring is as changeable as a stepmother's face.

Mr. Kim, did you see this morning's newspaper? 2. "z9Q0)3Jq +t+"i$+ $54,f!$q]~j g4. The word "the land of the morning calm" comes from Chos6n. 3. Pzlk A @ s u F 4 h%dl $a@% d*. We have a morning gathering each Monday at 9 o'clock. 4. @+%&

@@ 5 4

kan

2%

@,@;ZAJ

.-.~/-"


-1 41

Z~J.

2.

--?q zj-gu+ +b]l

0t.J

41 +a, ijt? t 3 3%

41

B*LF+.

Make your whole year's plans in the spring, and your day's plans early in the morning. 3.

+ ~ 1 334

kr'fdl-k &%AS dl -24-7)4 4

94.

Written on the front door of our neighbor's is the four character expression meaning spring time prosperity.

258



In the harvest time, &%) ripen and children pluck the grain out. They make a fire(jk) and scorchit. This character .represents the seasan of autumn. L-


5%the f Lf the

%&

MEANING AND SOUND

autumnal equinox

4%% E pun

harvest

7-)%4%3su

f si autumn waves; an amorous glance

&a +% autumn breeze &@ 5-P a

jot; a whit

R%4'

late autumn

%%

spring and autumn; years; age

LT

34

dl-9 44

@ '

$4

.-

I

Q $$

b ch'un

61 A\

3 tang I

-2

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. 3-ol-xj

4 01 4.0J-E9 %&oJxl

%OF?

Do you know what his house number in Huam-dong is? 2.

Z$&S%7ld

+ 4-? ~i-7lk4 ('1 4.

The telephone numbers are changed much too often. I

1

) + + % ~ ~ y 6 k

. . .. . .

I 1

[

9 a kiim

-

+ad being on duty

&%STGJ translation . u

8%' ?% %AS q-54.

When we refer to an elder's age, we use the honorific expressions ch'unch'u, y6nse, etc. 2. &llk .11+ 51 d t H 1 qA-18;Fl +q S% %?*I TE3-4. When harvest time has arr'ived, harvesting the crops is difficult due to a shortage of hands,

W P! p6n ?& & XI chi

-+1+8% She

+BJ

*

ALTERNATION A TIME

%

every time; as often a s

ef@$lately; this time

@S ho 9 man

%% BJ 9 (01)

pijn

M


a house number; a lot n u m b k

iit p'a


1.

1

EL E p'ung

2%

dF%$

There are a big harvest field(l3) and many bundles of rice stacks. T h e farmer must count the rice stacks, and then pile them up in order.

AUTUMN

259

3.

9% 44-4-4.01 ~

~ 4.

~

~

We have moved to the address given below. 4.

@ms$

%%.Z ifB3~1-4 861 S 4 qq-Q-.

Translating Korean into English is somewhat difficult.

260


16. When children start to count, they start by using their fingers. T h e index finger corresponds to the numeral one. T h e second pictogram indicates the numeral two and the last one indicates the numeral three. Also we are familiar to the Roman numerals. When you turn the first three Roman numerals 90" it will make Chinese numerals.

I

I[\z-rOl llI>ZA4#J

34 The Military

oiE 1 S. ) .

A

i

TWO S.

-

4

Sam THREE 3 S.

4ki63a % 3 % G 3 4


-3 $+ a

part; a portion

-a 9%January s- 9 the first; number one ,711

MEANING AND SOUND

3 F PU 9 a a WOI

4-+

% lill 9 -k Ad

2l-a)

che

1-l-AJ 01

twenty

IE

0) 94

two hundred

$jv4

AJ-iJ

three thousand

92J ? a ch96n

A&%-

the third class

7~-1 3 5 tiing

z?

%,

ship paek

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. - g - & j ( g ~ J g * ) : Eg)jz 93. &j$&E.$ 4 UF D .

%e%p]

Having both merits and demerits. 2. I S h & (01T o J + ) : a man of dual personality. 3. 3 M E & ( A J 2 2 s ) : the three bonds and the five constant virtues. (Confucian moral principles) 4. 3B-@ (AJ-4 gal) : the Trinity.

Spear i!t (kwa')

/

I

2 ~ Soldier 1 2 Bow % ( P Y G ~ ~ ) 3 (kung)

/

Preside At (sd n&&

ZLqEE 4-Lt1-dqE9j41EBB5 IfXs\q. 6 1 t E%-$ 9 1 4471 fjL51 gg@%)z 2s $$ ei5.3B.11 71 8g-01q. ZLsiq A-1 A-1 EEz L44 *4Z-I=lS 4 3 sq lw3 -$+la F%q B? Q-.;t 2 23 AJ-& A$I;I_ 3iZ 8 # 41 ~2%q 71x1 a 01 3

4 fjksl E-.;t 34 3ie AR-%#H%\= &@q +7-* %sq .&I + i3)-+Qq D,F+% 7)-4s). (41~1&% 6 : 13-17') Take up, therefore, the whole armour of God so that you may be able to stand when you have done all the fighting. So stand your ground, with the belt of truth tightened around your waist, wearing the breastplate of righteousness on your body, with the readiness of the good news of peace bound on your feet; above all taking up the shield of faith, with which you will be able to extinguish all the flaming arrows of the 'evil one. And take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the spirit, which is the word of God. (Ephesians 6 : 13-17)

/" 262

XfdW-

cL-

v

Characters; the Military


/+I

263

o=o

This charactel. combines the radical for vehicle (q)with the radical for cover (* -) . The come resulting idea ofsato mean "military. "


T$z

q@

371

MEANING AND SOUND

$2 71 ki f2 @ 3 nap

military discipline

39 the

purveyance of supplies

~2 @

p'E@js%8Slq a court martial qs ?+ munitions

4 +%

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL LATION. EXERCISE:

b\g++

USAGE

I

%,I I

=% , , 4 71 %fJ 4

a branch of the service

.I)-+

$411 kwa

weapon; arms

2%

% 71

force of arms; military force +??$Q to enrich the country and increase its military power

m%& Bg 39 military police(M. P. )

= ,= !.

E

+ su

ki

3 ;fi Ej rydk

++

5

73-3 4 % !?i

pu kang

hh6n TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. S N u l - 4 %%7t3 r s 4 ~ k FS41 S&4-3Fg-5+ z ~ F 43llH u$-$ g@+%6SI-fi]4 Each military occupational specialty is different and generally speaking, any prior study or specialized training is used as a reference for deciding what kind of training and duty a person will do in the military.

i? kuk

mi

FOR READING AND TRANS-

%ecrl%

1. TS&%( 3 f F ~ J . k ) : 4+4 %+sf 3%. A massive army. 2. 3 4 4 T2rBL-k +d+-~l 3 g 4 1 #f!&S\Al q q 4 3.9 cf. Since last year, my brother's company has been bringing

2.

a profit by supplying the U. S. Army.

3. %%$- @% 4-41 H%4 %nl1 @K@%f+&% Q 3 4 3-3 94. Every spring the U. S. armed forces join the R. 0. K. forces for one month to participate in Team Spirit.

MEANING AND SOUND


I

S I hoe

3 PI

py6ng SOLDIER ARMY

7 S.

21 Gi

=f% % 44- la

m@?3 the national army 2 the U. S. Army

-__---

71 7,F

or services for an army

b]

This character is represented by two hands (B9, ,I)-brandishing a battle axe(J7)-symbol of the soldier.

kun MILITARY 9 S.

,

+.

E E g t3* 9 '4 7) %%% 'I.FxRBs'JAe-%-34;a;JaSkx 9+.

A white M. P. car is blocking the road and the civilians are being inspected. 3. @&gW ( ~ + - 7 l j ) :T h e grass and the trees as troops.

264

I


This character means troops. ( [5 ) means fla and the radical (g) a pig. T h e amusing analysis suggests that the nature of soldiers is somewhat unsavory and the flag denotes uniformity of thought and action. "The herd ... two thousand. "(Mark 5 : 13) L


a4%

a rank; a file

qR 3 4

an army; the troops

4 %@ 414

joining the army; enrollment

+I@

discharge from the military service

9 4 a company; a troop

tae TROOPS BAND 12 S.

MEANING AND SOUND

",9

yq

% ryijl 34 f n@ o d2i pkun


By combining the derived form for cupped sa hand ( ) with the radical for mouth ( U )-, the* PRESIDE character 6r "chmand" was formed. COMMAND 5 S. A--

*'$

MEANING AND SOUND


3 A)-* JJ a commander 8 E @ x)q 74 judicial power qgz,!$& 9 a state law

?!I*

7)9cl1

MI che 55 chung

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. S W 8 4 4 3-% !$gF4& G3. 7FE +*I qG-%FG. During a military parade every file is lined up perfectly straight as if it were cut by knife.

2. 4%&%q@G+A~SFZF~F~F %FBbsAIR!$.+. As soon as I graduated from the high school, I enlisted into an armored unit. 3. RRa;F f&414 ai&@ ? j - d 1 ~ 0d~J7sl F~ Q2%!gll461G. After being discharged from the service, I am planning on working really hard in auto maintenance.

?,s&4 @&$$>q

ryijng P

8 3 % ,@ 3 hijm

examination a librarian

+ 26

"d El P ~ A ] @ % 3 A1 shi

~ l - d dA]

41%

265

3

-*-,

3-9 @

xl- the chairman: 'm. c.

A-( s6

ZI hoe


1. .j**1 4 3 +% 9 41 2 A)-* q+gQJq 4. That person is the newly assigned 2nd Division Commander. 2. L)1 4-4-7101 9 FJ&$$@d] &.Wf%)$+. One of my ' college passed the state law examination lately. classmates at 3. +zl

MgJ@ EJgl%+ !&2E

9 2J~J-q-q 4.

~&%)-3l

Our librarians work hard and also are very kind. 4. 2 4 0J7]%+ TV & E Z X ~41 !A ~ -1 q@g u&iL She acts as m. c. for a popular television show.

+

2 4.

266



267

,% T !firm This character is the combination of ( A ) and

This character means fighting or struggle. One man holding a stick, and another person trying to take it away.

-

a spear or weapon(%). The character represents the idea that a soldier holds a weapon and attacks, or destroys.

chaeng FIGHTING CONTEST

8 S.


MAENING AND SOUND

qzk 78 li an argument

4 %% & E! ron @!%!I 7.8 4 a point of contention 4 %k a chijrn qJfX~ 8 gain 4 in a contest; obtaining 42 @ 3 1 ch'wi *@$@ ~8 Qxd a struggle; a contest 4 9% @ t'al &q 4 7 8 a war; a battle a)+ @ a chrjn TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

%9+,4.21- kb$18 7-1 OCF 31 E H%@9 01-94 9 4. A war, even the most victorious, is a national misfortune. 2. 4 4 01-4 k*b st+-01 -2 E?.e/l\3i0JMk9sS1- Trn})Q4 1.

tk%@90J % B 8029CF. The renowned Russian writer Leo Tolstoy wrote the historical novel War and Peace and received worldwide fame.

4

6 S.

bdv4(3C)

I

$

I ,j L F

HIGH FREQUENCY COYPPUNDS

+ felling;+w+ hew~ng;logging &% 3 2 1 timber cutting &@ 3 3 weeding a grave @& 2% @& ZJ 2

i ,C

u: I

4

*+

3. sli%K+ ~t 3J-k H%A, R++ %+ 7-1 &S+ 4 01 4 , % i9b-k ?%+ G I Z ] ~82014. The military means lethal weapons, war means that which is not virtuous, and a general officer is an official who creates death.

p61

ATTACK

A

a&

bloodiness; savage conquest; subjugation SYJsuppression

*

MEANING AND SOUND

q? 4 3

#%

9

5;"?.

%$4 4

S mok ch'ae 3 ch'o

& sal

a chrjng

8 !E

t*o


1. 41 4-kF61 iJW 5 g B*%kdl X-I4lzl 994. Three people logged trees all day long, but they did not finish it. 2. %+ ~ $ - 5 7 143fl &*fy%61 &g*\q. We need to clean the land to make it into farmlands. 3. @M#+d %.2?1 %@414 BtkQ &@7t 5JdB4. During the Korean War, a bloody battle was fought at the Naktong River area. 3. iH#f?$Sfi%RB69dl. BE%+. The Reserve Army had a successful operation fighting with Red guerrillas.

3: 268

"

ek-i-J

$1 C


'

and later modified t o ( A ) and finally ARROW stylized: (3). The proverb: "It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but difficult to Rad. 111 avoid an arrow shot from hiding." (*),


56

A]

4

71

MEANING AND SOUND

5

arrows and stones

$%$?A 34 a

poisoned arrow

+*

short term; a short time

&+ 4

defect; a fault

6y

s6k

+ tok %

9

knowledge; acquaintance

@% ~ 1 4wisdom

tan

a cham 4

shik

X+ @ Al chi TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

1.

3

%Q+ 4 ~x. r t

$71

~ l - 64 11

4 5 3 2 6 1 $$61%+.

k!JjB?iL3 4 .)%+ %RP 0 2 3 , @%z+ $q -1% 9uB+ g Z ) L q i+. ( s g 18 : 15) An intelligent mind acquires knowledge,

and the ear of the wise seeks knowledge. (Proverbs 18: 15) 3. bc] E*+ ?$kg%)+8 61 @%q &*a1 9,74 -+ski $-g. 6) 361 M@6]51. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and the knowledge of the Holy one is insight.

+

3m

Q

The shape of a bow. It represents the bow being pulled out. The proverb counsels: "Draw your bow, but don't shoot."

-

kung BOW

3 S. Rad. 57


G%

3E archery; bowrnanship

%,% Ts-P) bow

5%


9 ,% a t

and horse; horsemanship

$5 archery; bowmanship

s$%3-4

bow and arrow

51%

95guidance;

GIN

6J++

lead

quotation; citation

25 E to ma

~ j f

% sul

313 %

A1 shi

41

2

ff-

+2

H 2s ~ o n g

.!E to


I did not

know that my friend had come back as quickly as an arrow. 2.

269


94.

The Korean women's archery team won first place in the 1984 Olympic Games held in Los Angeles. 2. %@@R E@'%-$ QP?'.'JC4 6kq-l) G S 4 l Z +?STI~) 94. The Hwarang (Knights) of the Shilla dynasty had to be proficient in not only general knowledge but also in archery horsemanship. 3. %%SQ-S43 &El41 5 - HkkG %@41 GIS%4. Deacon S6 led one sister to our church last Sunday.

270


Q%

This is a pictograph of a spear. The original spear had a horizontal bayonet and a threeprong stand.

i!t

%L


2 9 4-7J- spear and armour 2% 4%the sharp point of %@ 4%spear

gj& E@

a spear

and buckler

kwa SPEAR 4 S.

% *I ) * -PP

severance

vj

2

%@ A]* %#@4 - 3

pong

2 sun

% &3

kybng

4 4 4. Failure teaches success. %Z&AR414 &t4%4uJ4 +& @@Arn*l

MJ51

.zz]i L

qg

0J

i=]

9 q &%0] 4.

.Spears, shields and arrows are Indian's weapons. 4.

g$JQz.z fgp@ m 01 @%=l94. The gale tore up telegraph wires.

a gunner

HJA]

reflection; reverberation

to

9

MEANING AND SOUND

% @ 7$ f ? i $2 2 5 6 1

Q

..

gratitude; thanks

kybk sal

E! pan

++ &

a 3 chbl

Japan was totally destroyed in World War 11, but now it has become an economic superpower. 3.

killing by shooting

s6ng

*&+ &Bq

** +.

firing; shooting

A]+ A


1. 2. El

sa SHOOT 10 S.

aimed a t if.


'?a kap

%% #$

2 41 3 01 5

T o shoot an arrow (9): (%) is the representation of a bow with an arrow. &) was transformed into (Tt-). used to mean the hand (h).Some says that the character is the

27 1

Rad. 62

HJF~~

success; achievement

%@ 4 GL cutting;

a

MEANING AND SOUND

4 precaution; warning Ad


i

pang

9%'E 3 chu dl 2 A[ sa


%OQll$$!+ 9+ -ti-"= 41% 4 i4%q4 & BM%00194-.

During the firing exercise the most difficult thing was the night fire. 2. 2&*3IlR *-& 441 -%NW HI 9% I got an expert marksmanship medal during the basic training. 3. %fiB%%7)5%%BEN= *b?-ot You must get inoculated if the flu is going around.

a%%+.

fw.

272


1

I

This character represents the fighting between two people. During their practice in Korean Taekwondo, they spar against each other. It means "to fight. " T h e simplified character is

'

t' u FIGHT 20 S.

A shepherd named David carried a slingshot to take care of flock. When David fought with :Goliath, the stone hit Goliath and killed3him. -..-The- --origin of the ---character is the, wrapping of a s t o n e ( 6 ) / 4 )I 3 by the belt. It now represents the idea of a cannon.

m --

1 -

^-.--^-^--"

la)

P'O

CANNON

10 S.

r

.

-


+d

MEANING AW.$OUND

a dogfight

Z! k y h

7ll

Ri$@

+71

a contest; a match

3IF

@-I@

+ad

a struggle against a disease

@+

fx8

fighting

4 3 % !4j +P %

4 + a severe fight

~2Q

4

f

boxing; pugilism

a4

3

++

2.

zr-+3 _3 % 4 t

t3!&7F

q-4-4

bombardment; an artillery ;- attack

<

chaeng

;@$!%$ Y4j

--!

ky6k kwon


1. g f & g @ ( * x J x F - ) : 9$ Hard fighting; a hard battle.

@%;%;7

py6ng

71 ki

z, XI chi

f$j& +x] a fighting spirit

H I W fFXEQUENCY COMPOUNDS

@I-+$,

uL4-3lct.

He was much of a fighter in his younger day. 3. qq ,qk+$-$ 3 7 ) : 4 91 4-4 sk$$ 332 5% 4 50 0 8 0 \ 9.Husband and wife quarrels are like cutting the water with a knife.

i:.)

@Q 9f b$h.3G %ti$ 4 z

an artilleryman the boom of a gun

MEANING AND SOUND

3 f@% ;1 ky6k 24

?%

py6ng

EZf a

sang

a hunter

kI- ? $ . s u

a cannonball; a slug

9 h B hwan

a cannon; a gun

A

t CH tae TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

1. 9 4 1 3 7)- 9 4. I lost my hearing because of the bombardment during the Korean War. 2. 4%@&LS 3%E¶ B%iS;t 3 0 1 94. I have had the experience in serving as an artilleryman for three years. 3. @@BE(x%Q+) : @%Qi 9 a& 2% $9 ; &g@-J &@% %i++3. Cannon smoke and a shower of shells. (a furious battle)

274


A security guard is on duty in front of the main gate. The etymology of this character is the crossroads (now 6)with footprints in each avenue of approach, representing soldiers surrounding and guarding the I center.

wi 16 S.

R

f&&@l@ 4 -1 57 guard duty

Bs 4 4

a satellite

@@

defense

HJq

q%@

oFGr+% Beauty .kd Song

g

Dl

Sound (iim)

(mi)

71

(ka)

+ Drum 3 (ko)

q q ggA50)- 6.1 z43 44 4Z~C]. 3@+EE* 71q DF% 51 3 + s.GT. %%-" s q dPtnl] B%iS)iLO$, e E E s %@% z1b-l 4, 4 k.4 z 3%kzqs)q f 4 kc]1 155%l S%+2 2)4 G. (Z3R 33 : 1-31

++j'$~mu

3 3

' .

+

saeng

&! sang

q-% I% 3 Pang

i .h*i

kq

B

MEANING AND SOUND


hygiene; sanitation

'...

ESCORT GUARD

(B-)@>

$@& 4 -1.1

f$ (I$& X !!!!I&

Q -

G-1

a janitor; a gatrkeeper

s% Eq an escort; a bodyguard

xl

Sing for joy in becoming to the lyre; Sing praises Him a new song; (Psalms 33 : 1-3)

q-+ su 3 a ho


the Lord, 0 you righteous ones; Praise is upright. Give thanks to the Lord with the to Him with a harp of ten strings. Sing to Play skillfully with a shout of joy.

4%k ~ l S a B 5 1 q BE* %%AS 3&Bgzlq4. 31 4 S T 4 -1Bg1-F.. 1%4 $4%3%%2714+. 3 kc1 LF+ @%2.3. 3q%q-q 4%g g 2 s %#jjiQ~]q q-.

I had guard duty last night, so I need one day off. 2. 71'4 %Moll &&FP Z 3 % &RB%G. I got three credits for sanitary science last semester.

(%$El150: 3-5)

++

Praise .Him with trumpet sound; Praise Him with harp and

3. A L ~ i 2 - E?@R%P 49 m@Z"l+. The artificial sateIlite is the special experimental room for space exploration. 4. EE&$ll#ol 24. Today we have C. D. training.

lyre. Praise Him with timbrel and dancing; Praise Him with stringed instuments and pipe. Praise Him with loud cymbals; Praise with resounding cymbals. (Psalms 150 : 3-5) rl?

277

Characters; Arts


276

The movie projector is one of the best tools for the audio-visual education. When you operate the projector, you need a screen which reflects a man in action. This character means "to reflect. " (@) is the comdl 4 2 j bination of light ( 8 ) and a man ( A ) in the center(+).

~bng REFLECT

9 S.

@

MEANING AND SOUND


m q i 4 a famous picture


&%

% 71 ka % @i 3 myiin

4-4- an artist; a painter

1% @)zF* TV or movie screen &a +$ a cartoon; a comic picture

1

3-361

+%&+ *I %

4 4 a fresco; a wall painting

@3

%% 4 @

ezq

41

*+444

%-7J+.

34%

a cinema [movie] actor [actress]

PYG~

\ -

reflection

Each newspaper has an interesting cartoon on it.

s?

4-41jF tr8 pae 4-4@ 8 u

,~t.,z,.

pan

44

k +: sang

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION EXERCISE:

1.

+

RaiWul-4- ~ 9 ~ 1@S7l2 t 44 $4.

, \

showing; screening

B Z Q l %-x??+z

A rice cake in the painting. (something unavailable) 3.

-,,,

2 % At

3 % @ &t sang 23 3 St hwa

image; reflection

rnyiing

-

g++ 7F471-k 3.

)I.

man

Every artist dips his brush in his own - soul, and paints his own nature into his pictures. (Henry W. Beechers) 2. s + k # ( q % ~ ) g ): ~ g 4 1 4 ;J+!zl~$IJH% S x &d? E!

9 ~1projection

@f@ 9

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. .!?-+SF$?+-

MEANING AND SOUND

b

4+ %EB%B

&RB @ M & ~ I4~ ~fl%+.

I learned how to operate the projector during the audiovisual education class. 2. 2 3 4 1 ~&bhG. That movie the gold award from the Asian Movie Contest. 4 % $44414 k&+*l+. The film is now on show a t Tansiingsa.

278

Characters; Arts


This character is the combination of (3) and ( R ) . (3) is the phonetic component of this ka SONG character, but it indicates the number of mouths or melodies. ( R + Z ) is the figure of 14 S. a mouth wide open. Hence this ~4 71 character means a melodious voice or a song.

A representation of a musical instrument. The symbol for music was once five drums (2Qi)representing the five tones of the rest upon a stand

a

#&

MEANING AND SOUND


@$u!

an opera; a lyric drama

7)+

%% 7)+ a %% 7)-_g. a

@ma04

singer

R f i a -$-+I7) 4%7)-

gu

knk

hd

Korean national anthem

a popular song

3%a yo

4%

OH ae

a hymn; a psalm

-1a~t 0,r

$$$@ qa

paradise; Eden

MEANING AND SOUND

4 optimism

%% q7] a

musical instrument

#$@ qt+la

brass band

3 kwan

4&

53 @ 4

won

23 % 71 41 LH 44 qZ

ki tae

kq j$f

firn

kuk


$x+.

BB#B$X @r;iJQ4 % 0 l 2 Among the famous singers, there are a few who have switched to Gospel singing. 2. (4-4&7)): Songs are heard on four sides. (surrounded on all sides by enemies) 3. @&D)G+ gBR7) 94. Each church has a choir. 4.

+xJf

3%+-qmusic

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. %%%?- %AFE + 4 1 t

%@

%$' m$@ qq national classical music

% % wu 71g 3 Q ch'an 3%

rak; nak ak; yo MUSIC JOY 15 S.

(%-+%I


&L- % + S U

song; a folksong

3-7)- the

o$+

279

1. %+ k d E % 524 44. Even a sweet song, sung over much, becomes disagreeable. (limitation) 2.

4-q

o l - 4 4 -k Ei$

%%R414 4 4 43 f-+Bi'l

4-3Iq.

My uncle conducted a military band for ten years. 3. EES% (4 ~ o f l % :~ 7)1 %-44 $%4- +d%. Pleasure, anger, sorrow and joy-the passions. 4. -tT%LLl( ~ J T ~ A:~4-4 ) A ) Q + LlJ+ w-eq-. The benevolent like mountains.

naacr.

0-1~17t-

The Korean national anthem was composed by An Ik-t'ae.

1

280


\

This symbolizes a drum, with a cymbal and a stick accompanying it. With time, a hand ( 3 , K ) was incorporated into its scheme.

This character is the hieroglyphic figure of a dancer flapping her sleeves with a fan and decorations. Korean shaman dancer is significantly related to folklore.

ko DRUM

13 S. Rad. 207

$?$%xq drums and bugle horns E@I 3%beating; pulsation $!$g xq an eardrum $!$%x+ encouragement 344 &$$?$$ 2 the


MEANING AND SOUND


$$@ y-+ a

9 @j 4 kak

%W"?. E 71

@

+4 the stage; the arena %@@ YES] a dance party

R/ mak

drums in Buddist temples

~ 1 .~] 1 4 ?%,

'%&94a

e*

+% 4111 4

%.a71%4-.

your hand on the left chest, you can feel the beating of heart. 901

$3 54

+ kok LH

tae

3%@ 5 to

+*fl

a a s6n

1. +-&;-94- A/ZFq-qTko14. Dancing, the child of music and of love. (Sir John Davies) 2. $qH-g 7k7J ,'f$*k~7F7J !%%@414 717J e O 5 4 - + SW1 4. Dancing is the loftiest, the most moving, the most beautiful -of t h a arts. (Havelok Ellis) 3. 1 ) :1 9 1 S3? ; CLllllol +4 42 AJ?$ a;F %%. Dragon's flying and phoenix's dancing. (a mysterious features of, mountains and streams)

+

BrnR94 +*%4 ZBRZ &

MEANING AND SOUND


%~;11 z]%a;Fq-:qzj-1/ZF%bl 3 4 5 4 *+.EL qz1+ 2 02. T o make a combined attack on a person. 3. 81% 71+41 +% $44 2 4 7Jq -trd~J4-. Placing

4.

DANCE

p6p

You don't need to beat a good drum vigorously. 2.

dancer's fan

281

ch6k


1.

dance

@g

tong

mu

a drum and fife band

Characters; Arts

$4-

I saw a Chinese drum and fife band during the Korean War. 2k

282


18. @% 4

"Punjae, " the a r t of raising miniature trees in shallow pots(IUL) is an offshoot of the art of gardening, which is so much like the Japanese culture. It has roots in China through Korea. This character means a flower501E pot, or basin.

64

Pun BASIN POT

a

9 s.

filtl!E!ql ZPieE! MEANING AND SOUND


-$d

&g

gq

-

2%*xfl

9

a tray landscape; a miniature garden a flowerpot saucer

mt8

growing in a pot potting; planting

3 3 ky6ng

€4 2$E

EH

~2%

XH chae

Ad

Q

-$z] a basin; a valley; a hollow

tae

%S

chong

@ XI

chi

___?

g

81 hwa


+$

1. A++ dl 7) A4 n\ &@%I71 611 @VLiio] 4. Today is raining, so it is good time to plant a flower in the pot. 2.

AN+

dl 4 TI-, 4 241+ 53 q-s4-k$

*.

The city of Taegu is cold in the winter and warm in the summer comparing to other cities 3.

Occupations

4.q Eg- %#34-47lE&* 4 ~ % 4 . When I cleaned my room, I broke a flowerpot.

hag1 aJS%if

Nine of the earliest recorded inventors el-%+ +%I -2 $q ?!hal(EiUtkz!4 : 2) Abel invented shepherding.

7PJ+ BSst+ $4 &iB($UE324

4:

2)

Cain invented farming. %!3$ MAPI ?&al(%UE:Z 4 : 17) Cain invented the city. o t 9 - g E S 4 1 E+k Bq && (BJEZZ 4 : 20) Jabal invented tents. %"&+ ZF"* 927Jq tbal(bUE2Z 4 : 21) Jubal invented the harp and organ.

7kJ+

5-9719-E & B I q jlftB(BUEZZ 4 : 22) Tuba1 Cain invented metal working with brass and iron. kol-k

%&9@%@q

#B(@UEZZ 6 : 14)

Noah invented the Ark and zoology. k.o)t W@B &Eq ?&a (EU i EZZ 9 : 20,21) Noah invented' wine. 4 -1-g+-,+%kXq (BJfkE 10 : 8,9) Nimrod invented hunting.

?!ha

!/ 284

Characters; Occupations


This character is the combination of (+) and ( k ) .(+)is the hieroglyph of the head of an mok ox with horns and means a cow or an ox. PASTURE ( k ) is a transformation of (2)which is the SHEPHERD right hand hold in^ a roQ. It 8 S. 5 -shepherd or "to feed. " 71

The ideogram(?& for "pray" consists of a "mann($) kneeling before a table, which ch'uk CELEBRATE has developed into the modern character ($R). 10 S.

a

'R

MJ

g

($R-+R>

I

MEANING AND SOUND


&f +-% a

&c$

&a

herd boy; a shepherd boy

al-01

2

tong

+-A)

a pastor; reverend; a minister /LS g$ A t sit

+p&

a pasture; a ranch

&s$j$ +f 0;1

stock farming

&& + ~ lpastoral duties && M>+ pasturage

MEANING AND SOUND


8% a @R+E a +7)

~ 1 % :d- 3

chang

$x@

71 2sR m T

ch'uk

f18+A]

E% @ S l hoe

+-$& 9 pang

285

f~

44 % 71 ka

song of congratulation benediction; a blessing

MJ

$3!Z

to

f la toast; a celebrating drink

p &

$6 BY

pae

*+

a speech of congratulation

3 4 1 a festival; a fete

fag f 51 celebration;

congratulations

A t sa

44- % 41 che is1fll2 81 ha

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE :


31 71 E ++41 W1-k @ $ S 4 41 41 +4 L1 x++]gEa334 ~ ~(all 41 ulo) 3 : 15) And I will give you fl 4 S S B Z )q.

13171 %?&Ti% 2 4 4%!kal B W S $4 +%I+. When I got married, Mr. Lee sang a song of congratulation. 2. 41~4 F41-k @f@fl $i@7)- 24. At the end of the service, the reverend has a benediction. 3. 2-z mAg&& 3 ~ -18% 1 g- +q &zgS $bfF%+. All guests had a toast first, and then started dinner together.

1.

pastors according to mine heart, which shall feed you with knowledge and understanding. (Jeremiah 3 : 15) 2. o-] A]+ &@mq i+ Q E+FS'J +oL 34. Yesterday I consulted with Rev. Kim about the matrimony for one hour. 3. -Pl @%4 +I -t==F~lS-, q d 7t Z T o l A, k71- 5T3 4 1-1h s o l 9 4. (azz, J O ~1 : 3) 4 A, 0,F4.F-77

&$$f$@s+

+

1.

4.

4-1

A84

a%+ b%hml

W+.

Our college festival is held in September every year.

1%

*

(@) is the combination of

1.

0and @ in the human

@,

(E) which is an arrow(%) iii chest (C) forms the character for "doctor" - DOCTOR pulling arrows out of wounded soldiers was CURE 18 S. one of the earliest practices of q@ 21 doctors. ( 9 ) is a hand holding a scalpel ( 2 ) .(6)is a jar containing a l c o h r

#


g@

5. medicare; medical treatment

g@ A) SE qa

a medical doctor a hospital

g@f$qqE student of medicine FB$f ftq 4 a medical officer %%@ +XI q

@$4@6$

31

the physician in charge

jtq A)

a dental surgeon

41

7) ~ 4 ) o )

3-7)

2

$AJ

Et kwan

i

931 4 3x1 Z Z % - $4. ~ I don't know

+ %oL ESgbz $$$Bi?)x9t~.l 0)41119 ? DO

know how many years he's worked as an army surgeon. 4.

4 N-$OLk+ &HS@Z%+MI!$4i.11 94-q-1.. My cousin is a dentist in the 7th Division.

pathology

@% 9 41 condition of a disease %% a cripple; deformity %%E 9 +! a hospital; an infirmary @$%@ZJ+ 3 an infectious disease

55 to

% 31 ch'i & 21 c ~

py6ng DISEASE 10 S.

I

MEANING AND SOUND

sick leave

$4

%3!$!@

whether I should go to see a doctor or not. 3.


@E9 7 )

S ryo

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. 61 @m+ $%Q- s R 0 1 4 . This doctor is very famous. 2. Smi.11 A]

(r)

(re)

d

/'s g@ AI sa "d I!% a won 9~1E] q$ 4

One man gets sick in bed. This character is the combination of and (fi). is formed from ( , a bed) and (A, a man), representing the person who is ill in bed.

287

LU~J',

MEANING AND SOUND

4 Z+ @


YOU

4 % @ 71 ka -1.53 ZI ri 71 4 3 YI se %

8 &I shin

4 I% 3 won 35 ?# 94 ~ 6 m


6 3 I.A physician is careless of his own

1 & +1

health. (the physician of others) 2. &fkik-=$ tl?"lE.11 AR5;F ~1 -7- B I301 44. Mr. Kim has been in the hospital since two weeks ago. 3.

B@%J$011 ( u F 4 ~3

7-11 !3k$7l-

224

6$i.1]Al+

&gsl-1..

: 12) ' The healthy have no need of a physician, but the sick. (Matt. 9 : 12) 4. O%@# (%ad A&@) : Misery loves company. 9

288

Characters ; Occupations


289

I

A farmer plows his grain field(I3)' and found an oil spring. Later, he built up an oil refinery. This character is the combination of water (. 7. ). and the phonetic component (EB) . It represents the idea of an oil refinery stack. It means oil. 7

a

YU

OIL

Pod like rising clouds; copiousness 23 f$ -$zd an oil field 9

..

I

&@fig .. . . .i$jB - $ ~ 1 .

.

-.

%-

an oil-tanker oils and fats

+zAJ

el 41

S

-$ oil; petroleum %-$ crude oil f -$& a gas station

E&kl .

.

3% 34

s$&Ffi


a

a chiin

~ z aJ

3

won

F

chu

a n 2 &we

a

I'll have to fill it up with gas.

a work

PYG~

= %

chiin

5-1= A RR

01 %

masterpiece

3 beginning;

!ill1

gl m y h g

~1 I& # Al

start

p'um

!E!

shi

9 p'ung


1.

.

tT%k A%7 4 e4 -1ki6014. the human soul.

c

L

o

s

e

z

T h e writer is an engineer of h

2. f $EtFR (50\4-*;1) : To work day and night. 3. &f?ol *01 4 i 2 01 &f$iir717) 0-l 4 31 % 3 *% 4 01 A & e , 3 01 4 t-)-+ 9. Well begun is half done. 4 4. ( 9 t G 3 EI (-4:~d A J - 9 ) : RJGo]~ 1 9 %71x1 9%. A resolution good for only three days.

?e

Our village has a gas station.

$6-1 0t3O-1A.

4l--&

93 a good harvest

+cl % d l l b l ] ~Ei$%7)-44- 94.

4. @%%I%

C

9 93 a

*fa-++

Oil on the water. (Someone does not mix.) 2. ~ m 4 a11301 1 ~ e ~ 71, q +s~itie ~ 4 We don't need to import crude oil from the Mideast because we have a lot of domestic oil fields.

4s

military operation

f?& 3% production;

chi s6k

% 71 ka

+$o]

leave-taking; good-by

@ E cho

aB XI 6y

MEANING AND SOUND

an author; a writer

~iin

TYPICAL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE: 1. +$- #4] g 7 ] % : 4 s q + q x 1 5.

3.

chak MAKE

8 S.

MEANING AND SOUND


A plumber(A) maintains a sink. He uses a wrench whose shape resembles (+). It means "to make. "

+

4%a

RI

I 290



T h e metals are born from the earth. T h e showed the presence kiim; kim original seal form GOLD of four gold nuggets(%), concealed under METAL the earth (*). T h e regular form reveals only 8. S. two nuggets (&). I t is one of the radicals of high frequency, found Rad. 167 in a group of characters for metals.

Three components make up the character for skin: (8).the hand that flays; ( I ) , the animal skin; and the knife. It is the 107th radical of characters relating to the skin or leather.

(2)


&flu6%7&-4

&% 2 0 4

a diamond

an amount of money

&z54 a maxim; a golden saying &% 2& gold and silver a#$$& +!-By the 50th year, golden

(n),

7FF

11)

@

aek

-

4

9 an

L-

@

iin

?%$ S

hon

J--

eoJ9

~

~

hr

\.' , t

yij

wedding anniversary 41 S-taxes

H& 4 2 savings

4-2 % k(l se

++ flf?

5 S. Rad. 107

i.

ZA? Bu 70F kang n

p'i SKIN LEATHER

I

MEANING AND SOUND

01

El

29 1

~j chd


MEANING AND SOUND

E#?a] 41 a conveyor belt E@ + the skin &H$$51 dermatology E@ 09 superficial; shallow B$ leather; hides

4%$431 kwa ~ 's 1 %I @ sang 7FF fhy6k

@& 351 casting

3

3 1

+i$

5 1

3)5.

off; peeling off

% CH tae "12@ e pu 4

+ ~ 2 t'al



1. R&IE$R (BJ+A~4 ) : The golden age. 2. s o 1 5%%++. Money begets money. 3. 5%gsjge %J.t-@ gt+. Lend your money and lose your friend. 4. %H BiWR.1 %i@+ B E 6%614-.

In the U. S. the rate of sales tax is 6 per cent now.

2.

+

2 41 +71F %+- 04 90 4 - +I] + 01 EL] u)+-o1 94. Outside he is clothed in a sheep's skin; inside his heart is a wolf's. If you want to advance out of an underdeveloped country, you need economic advances and political stability.

292

I

Characters: Occacpations


--

.-

I

This character i s represented by a student carrying three book b o x e s ( q ) by the hand ch'wi (X). According to another story, it is a TAKE 8 S. person holdino an tIwas not unusual for a victor 0 71% 31 to cut off an ear of the vanquished in' order - P\ i''2 *3 ' to claim merit.

ear

whlrh

a

293

*-

It is manlike in form, with a large and f e a r f d head. Also it has a tail on it. It came to express the meaning of a demon.

kwi DEMON GHOST

[

J3IG.H FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS

MEANING AND SOUND

~$31-2handling; treatment; dealing L 4 f acquisition; purchase

@fXt$g 4@ *)AJq

\+$I% = L

-

4

93 adoption or rejection 713

El

fatuous fires; an elf fire

%% +)i%\

a story of the ghost

3% 3 St hwa

%/ ,

s6n

[a

4 -1 cancellation; revocation 3#&s0 &&f4 JH collection of data; coverage 18 XH chae 4 9 % Z@ 3 t'al 3 4 capture; seizure


%1J( 4 s\

3 *J @ fl 4 A," %$ # 9 1J(

klp

% ttik

2M

4%azq R@;tBrJ+ @%I4if-49.

MEANING AND SOUND


!'

@5$

j

4 $

a ghost; a demon

44

a ghostly figure

.)-a Satan; an evil spirit a demon; a devil

k I

4

UH ",Fg

01

shin h y6ng hwa

ma ak


,I

*+ p .

Please cancel next weekend's field trip. 2. +b&@* %41 @zk@tfr$ @ # % 4 . Professor Park got a Ph. D. last spring.

-

*+

--I

7

/

/'\

3. bzZgk 9% 1 8 71 B H c 1 5 3 % 5 Reporter Lee is too busy .,- co1&cting the Olympic records. 4. q$01 q-"lt'! A ) q - q @sF%q 2s 8 % = s394. David

-

recovered all that Amalekites' had taken. ( I Samuel 30 : 18)

'

1. H m % i r t ( A d S 4 + ) : E,%*l +E)%~;F &!8\ A]i?)g. Sudden appearance and disappearance, of supernatural swiftness.

++

2. 941 Q ~ n f l : ~ 1 4 !_01 Q3Je 9% A)@. Evil spirit of the daylight. (a shameless bastard)

3.

E%L ~ J ] %s\Al 31s).

(41fllkB 4 27)

Do not give the devil an opportunity. (Ephesians 4 : 27) 4. * @ @ % @( + / I~ J A ) d ~ d :) Epl 22-9%#E +g += 9 4. Money controls even the orders of the ghost.

294



The soot let by the fire(A) around the hole (m) through which the smoke escapes. This character is the combination of (z) and (m) . (I\\) is a transformation of fire(A2. 0%) represents soot or black carbon 4 9 accumulated in a chimney or a 4 bbb furnace.

+

-

'

The primitive form of this character combined (PJ), pictograph of a bone, with ( I] ) , knife. ~ ~ 6 1 (fi) was conventionallzed to ( f ; ) and then PARTING ( x ). The completed character (811) signifies 7 S. the knife ( I] ) separating flesh from bone(%) and stands for 01 % "separate," "depart" or "differ. "

hiik BLACK

12 S. Rad. 203

84

(%+%)


% ,

g~qblack

szB q 4 4

MEANING AND SOUND

3

and white J'

A t sa

~ 1 % A

.,! in

4x1 black figures /" %#? 5%a blackboard J

S;cF

711 cha

%@ +84

~14 @ dl hae

% Negro; *I- a black

/

sq

the Black Sea

9@ 9

/

1. EBBM G Q ZY ~) ~ : 7901 %!El%. A clear distinction between black and white. (no confusion; separating the sheep from the goats)

5emq

mrs zg %Bfisr FEW1

3 6 1 44.

American Negroes mainly live in the metropolitan and the southern areas.

3.

@%*I

MEANING AND SOUND

8

6

k

c

3 Fi 4 kc 4 @ 2 kwan

,

Rlj@ 94 an annex; an outhouse 8 .d a nickname; a pseudonym -Rlj ,-

'

"-

01

RUE] $41 leaving the world; death

'
p'an


2.

HW>FREQUENCY COMPOUNDS - ,. -5'

@LEcai 71 separation; living separately

Ul paek

.5+

%A

i

%

plague; the pest n/

$T&

k.

\

oJ7~

a villa; a cottage

$81~ 8%discretion

@ my6ng AI~ se

E ++ 9

372 .'

,

%

chaw pun

L~PR~::AL CONVERSATIONAL USAGE FOR READING AND TRANSLATION. EXERCISE:

1.

4%

1 .

XlJ%0l

.;96d.4

0141*?

Do you know his nickname? Major Kim's father passed away with a heart attack.

3. il;b@kg+ -;@ 4 ~ 1 4 XllStfl 714 4 $4. President Patk stays in a villa each vacation.

P4-9 %%+& xlq 9-49.

Would you erase the blackboard when school is over?

295

You have to discriminate what is good or bad.

296



r

297

I

.

There are many customs in the I world. In Korea and many other countries, DIFFERENT people, specially women, still carry objects on the head. This character represents an object 11 S. grabbed by two hands($?, %). 4%01 I t means "different, * ''disc~~flor "variance. "


$$&01

W m 01

Ez&

01

%s 01

iz paganism; a strange religion


MEANING AND SOUND

7t~& 3

f[

Bg

kyo

an objection

4 &% $j$ 21 6 i

W I B t ] 01 21 heterogeneous; unusual al.%k @ a chi1 %@%% AJ 01 mental derangement 7 F 3 % ch6ng

1L

E

h

."(

9

\


1.

+AJ

r

( 10 S.

,,

\---.''

MEANING AND SOUND

+ & 21 fii of virtue

a bath; a bathhouse

@ %@ gq+

a sun bath

& 7 ~ 84 f 4 a sea-bathing -

yok

BATHE

shil

$k@%++%k 1-

;' i

a bathroom

@& -5f-Ql a bathrobe %'fk -5f-SI the influence

4-24- 9 kuk +q ?& ron

a foreign country; an alien land

& a divergent view

T h e man takes a shower in the bathroom. This character is the combination of water ( 7 ) , ( S )and ( a ) . ( ) is the transformation of (&), (x) is the figure of water dripping down. T h e m o u t h ( U ) re&+-+-Q S$ resents a chap singing.

31%

4 sl 7,F+ H-X1

'fk hwa ?$3 mok % 3 kwang .f

hae


RHLki6$ 4 3 z l u L 3 1 ~ 17) $4. Living in a foreign country is lonely but interesting.

2. SB7F 9 2 4 @i%Q dl Bn7Sisl.41A. If you have an objection, talk to the chairman. 3. flKgg(+A@]*) : gjgg *dl %p$Aj 43 4% 4 ?-$Q; i3$?i 2 qrd]E €I@7) 4~ 1 4 4%. Different dreams in the same bed. (different aims between those who have the same business)

;1 r

n

:

I am thinking of buying a bathrobe this weekend. 2. % B A S + z J ~ l %441A-l EIjk@+ $01 3i;tt 301 4. Americans generally sun-bathe a lot on the lawn.

a+

i

0

3. 3 3 1 -y 4-4 4 0s %2454-5 E*@+ g 557) 4. We can not swim in the ocean even though it is summer time because the water is too cold. 4. %y+j&& (++zq 41 ) : ablutions; a purification ceremony.

298

Characters ; Occupations


A hand(%) grasping two stalks(%) of grain a t once. By extension, it means combining several together, or a whole.

wo men sitting with a dish of food $(&) between them. The special meaning derives from the idea of a community festival and banquet. It means countryside, village, one's

ky6m BOTH COMBINE

299

hyang VILLAGE COUNTRY-

10 S.

MEANING AND SOUND


@@ 3 v]

combining; having both

2% %

$@R4 A J

a table for two

* A i

$@ H 4 -$- combined use in both @+ 4 ZJ being perfect in both @k@ 3 4 a concurrent office[position] $&@ 4 + humility; modesty

HI pi

2 a ch6n

BE*+

%a3U f i $

_to1

4 4.

4 - 3 14

+ +g

%@-& 3 4 %R+ $01

4-34..

In the countryside, there are many treatments for guests making a table for two. 94-5 4 4 nH%oi 4. ~ F O Is o 1 1711 *m75;~, 13. 01 4 This is a useful tool for children which combines a swing set and a baby carriage.

+

E)%&

MEANING AND SOUND

@

a Confucian temple[school]

5L.i~

homesickness; nostalgia

t^J 3 su

&!@x*J= hometown H$f!b+a& same village

and town

ii! kyo

z

0 3& ~ X +3-7\4 S

an alien land

Q*& returning home

ko tong

45 f&! ~t t'a

=OF& a z t :JEx

hwan


1.

Dr. Cho has knowledge and virtue of actions. 2.

%&+

4 S k@ 4 chik 4 $9 8 & son


1.

#$@

R 4-sang

% a] 8 yong &JJ


f &q

&B&@flo1% 4. The Confucian school was

the

educational organization of Confucianism. 2. 9 ~ 1 7JpL41 1 &k@4\ Sot%*. I have returned to my hometown after a long time. 3. A1J. .-1..l$Q 23 $4 ?449.! I want t o s e e m y mother who is in my hometown, very much! 4. #%&$ s\ B$@Aolo-1 r;1+ %%%)4. Because Mr. Park and I are from the same hometown we are closer friends.

+$

a a5 d i ! B

30 0

Characters: Occupations


30 1

=a

A picture of a merchant opening a box to

display his wares. Thus it means business.

a

sang

The shape of a dancing girl. It means "to get acquainted with another. "

BUSINESS TRADE

,x-

1

&&&\L--2--

1 , '


@I@JsFfi4& the Chamber LJS3)

of Commerce

Bfik

A&+

a merchant ship

@%$$$fi+f$a AJO;l

commercial bank

MEANING AND SOUND

+%

ah i$je%i

iA$-oJ

A$-+

% 91 Gi

9-x

tk

REQUENCY COMPOUNDS

MEANING AND SOUND

34 alternation; shift;

4 4% fi CH tae

relief

=

an alternating current 3% ryu XJd negotiation; bargaining $b .hd sijp

BY

fif;

sijn

2%

2 I-

$@

iin

Q%g@z g A J E a traffic light ~: d a an f exchange 3%&&%

a merchant

A)+

h8

in

a store, a shop

7)7]]

6

ch6m

commercial products; goods

gf

t

+T

3%circuit;

Z % & S O

T------.

ASSOCIATE CROSS 6 S.

51

11 S.

kyo

a3

professor

3iz a breach; a rupture

p'lm

6%3 E t'ong "3 % $9 hwan

f4 ver e

3 2 9 s ~

@i chijl



1. 17 E$z %%41-t. %% fiBlBi&S01 @El EB@% &3?83r. At the end of the 17th century, a lot of foreign merchant ships visited the western coast of Korea. 2. R$k% @t&34t QS mg4 ~ j d 1 1 ~ 7 E&OL F

1.

4 *Eq 3.2B44. In capitalistic economic society, all goods and services are produced and exchanged as commodities.

B&&S4 %#+ 438 @Hq B ~ @ @ B O I9%3 Pn73f 4 3 94. Negotiations for the trade agreement were opened in Washington during the visit of Korean trade mission there last week.

2.

el 3 ~1 3Z%E&7F x J 6 l 4-4 %?~I+T 2%BBS 95 t;r. The traffic light a t the intersection broke, so the policeman was regulating traffic.

-

PART IV

RADICALS

Oracle bone. A specimen of many thousands of pieces of inscribed bones and tortoise shells from which it is possible to reconstruct much of the life of Shang dynasty (15201030B.C.),China.

Radicals

aE(++)

I t is very useful, when the student has reached the dictionary stage, to know the number of strokes in each radical. The earliest Chinese work, so far as is known which can properly be called a dictionary is the Shuo-wen Chie-tzu(W2 fj+TJi-58Il p i ) , published in 121 A. D. During the Han dynasty, this was modified by Hsu S h e n g ( 3 H %]RJ, 30-124 A . D. ) in his 15-volume paleographical work. In this the characters are distributed under five hundred and forty radicals. Later lexicographers thought that it would be more convenient to have fewer groups. They therefore gradually reduced the number of the radicals, till a t last there were only t w o hundred and fourteen. About one hundred and forty of the total number of radicals are common evervdav words, such as man (A), hand (+) , ox (+) , horse (,%), etc., which must sooner or later form -- part of many characters. What then, i t may be asked, is the true function of the radicals, and where and why do they come into use? The

1

l

1

/ 1 I

answer is that, a s they stand, they arR more than keys which will enable a reader to discover. the position of any given dwacim in a Chinese dictionary; much in the same way, but not so unerringly, as that in which the letters of the alphabet guide the searcher in an English dictionary straight to the word required. For this purpose, and for this alone, they were originally selected and arranged in groups according to the number * of strokes of which each is constructed; and thus they appear in Chinese dictionaries without any reference to their sounds, tones, or meanings, except when treated as substantive words. In conclusion i t may be noted that the colloquial Chinese term

Radicals

305

for radical is Soo Bu (ES), head of a tribe.

List of the Radicals

sg-% (++% %L)

(1) The radicals marked with an (*) have modified forms, which are used instead of the originals in the composition of other characters. These are shown a t the right side of the originals. .v ~ticn (2) The radicals marked with a (f) are now obsolete, or rarely met with by beginners. Those left unmarked in this way have both a literary and a colloquial value, and should be carefully studied, however imperfectly, with the help of the following exercises, as has been suggested above, when some progress has already been made.

I -

1 stroke

1

2t

I

13.

5t 6t

7 87

-

-

.k

944

99

one

zM .%iL xX r a

stroke a down

7 18 ) 3 * ~ 25

4

a point

1 9 f 3

gq

a stroke to the left

20t

E

a hook

21t

Z*L

J

16t

9

2x43

a barb

2 strokes +-ol

qqdH

h * ~)qeJ ~ qq 4q 10-1 I L 4 9

k!

two above

4 $+-

receptacle'$" aknife

I

to wrap

k

II

a1 +a1

a spoon

23t

to conceal

2 4 f

94

ten

l"J *P,

4 +3

a joint

r

9

25 26t

a man

27t

I

E -

&.+. ?J%q9

22t

aman

b

9

5.d

to enter

287

D ) ~ E

12

\

ecl39

eight

29

13t

n

E+

~a cliff selfish also; again

3 3 % a limit 934 4 to cover

30

17

"d 7

1

31t

a

3%7% to enclose

icicle

rd\

+

UP

A

1 15t

a

strength

11

14t

I

a bench

3 strokes

a mouth

11

306

32 33

*

-&S

59t 60t

35t

%

to follow to walk slowly

36t

&

q 1 1 7J+q ;"1q4 $4 1

37 ;k 39

k

3

*q 4 v)q+

41 42

IJ\

46

49 5 52t

5 4 t ~ 55t jf-

?if

skin

713710d breath 85 7 . * 7 7 k % f water

3

fire

109 llOt 111

claws

112

5

father

113 s*i;i~ x ~ A ]

the left foot

84t 3 4 strokes

)L\*$ +~)4+4 2 %4

a heart a spear

87 m*m

a door

88

61

a covering

64 65

%*;): $9

66t

fZ*&

1 1 a branch 553% to tap

67

2

2 %

small a lame

62

XI

63

9

a hand

self napkin a shield; to concern

stripes; picture; characters; composition

68

4

%?

a peck

69

tf

9%

a pound; an axe

a stream

70

XHd-

$*

A*AN

86

a son; an enclitic; a philosopher, etc.

971

388 9 P$

107

great

labour

~Jd-d] 3

hair

qq

108t

83% f 47d

106

family 4

a mountain

50

tocompare

back to back white

&

*I&

Z

$ 1 gx ~ 1

square; then

2 89t 3 90t 8

$az OF"]

+

;d4P

92

3

93 +*$

a contraction of

stone @

114t 1

P5J %

divine intimations ; to proclaim

4 T ~*;* FJ+

footprint

q*

growing corn

i~-g-g a cave

Ql

back teeth

117

3a

+ 748%

to set up

an ox

dark

X*%

01 n]7]*! negative

96

jade stone

72

a

z*5 +f +

9%

sun; a day

97

m

44

gourd

%-

7 1 4 s ~ a tile 53% sweet

7)s

98

immature

74

a

to say

3-52

moon ; a month

99

a projecting roof

75

7tZ

4-f8% w d ;

100

!&

QAJ

to produce to live

tomoveon

76

+)1-:3~

a tree to owe

101

M

+-$k

to use

77

3gXl

to stop

102 Lfl

*a

field

103

4%

a piece of cloth

folded

54

%d.E

16

73 E 3

t + g 3 hands

*$A]

an eye a lance an arrow

a slice or slip

71

3

*= +q

2 %

a dog 94 A*g 714 5 strokes

95t 3

z5.d9 a dish

crosswise

bed

91 .J+

.&

307

disease

4

105t f l

83

left hand

4

do not

evening

a+z+ 1

u&+

%

!$ !-4

7

80t

?-39 j

82

7 4 4 Cd corpse

{

104t f-

gG%e to kill

k

P

47 { { I 4 8 1

~ 4 4%~ 4 feathers yq$ a step with

7'-2

79t 2

81

an inch

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PART V

THEOLOGICAL & BIBLICAL TERMS

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319

APPENDIXES

322


1. The Korean Alphabet-Names

THE KOREAN ALPHABET WITH R~MANIZATION - 71s EgZE

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324

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Appendixes

2. Korean National Anthem*

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Translated from the Korean words of Yun Ch'i-ho I. Till Paektu Mountain1 wears away or the Eastern Sea has dried, May Korea prosper forever, God be a t our side. 2. As armoured, stand the Namsan2,jpines, changeless thru winds and frost.

Strong and dauntless, Korea's spirit Is unchanging too! (refrain) Flow'ring mugunghwa, this our symbol o'er three thousand ri4

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325

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We'll preserve our beautiful homeland, Thru eternity.

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1. Paektu Mountain (Whitehead), Korea's highest peak, is near the Yalu River in northern Korea. 2. Namsan is South Mountain on the center of Seoul City. 3. The mugunghwa, or rose of Sharon, is the national flower of Korea, and means, literally, "flower of eternity." 4. Ri is a measurement of distance equivalent of about 1/3 mile.

* The Korean national anthem was adopted after inauguration of the Republic of Korea in 1948.

326

Appendixes

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32 7

3. The National Flower

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In every characteristic of strength and beauty and profusion, the lovely rose of Sharon, is truly the national flower of Korea. It flourishes in full abundance in every type of soil throughout the Korean peninsula. It first blossoms each year in early July, and the full glory of its profuse flowering continues into the autumn until its large and hardy shrubs are put to rest for the winter by October's frost. Since time immemorial, the rose of Sharon has been loved and cherished by all Koreans. And because they found its inherent hardihood and persistence so symbolic of the national character, it was inevitable that they would take its lovely blossom to their hearts as their national flower, which they named mugunghwa, the flower of immortality.

328


4. The National Flag

T'aegiikki

Appendixes

329

The Universe is but one. All the phenomena are composed of one. T'aegiik is to be divided into two Si (B, divine gender). The yang(B) and Bm(l$$) divisions within the circle represent eternal duality; good and evil, male and female, night and day, life and death, being and not being, etc. The presence of duality within the Absolute indicates the paradox of life and the impossibility of ever comprehending it completely. The bar designs in the four corners have many meanings. We call them four kwae (H, divine diagram). m called kzn, stands for heaven or south;

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m One of the world's most beautiful flags, that of the Republic of Korea, has in its center a circle of brilliant red and blue on a white background. Both the circle and the black bar designs in the corners are rich in symbolism. To begin with, the ground of the flag is white. White means purity. That is why Koreans are called the "white-clad people." Consequently, the white ground of the T'aegiikki is the symbol of justice, -humanity and peace. The circle represents the Absolute, or the essential unity of all being. T'aegiik(k&, great polarity) signifies the origin of the Universe.

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called kon, stands for earth or north; called ri, stands for sun or east; called kam, stands for moon or west.

In the 19th year of King Kojong's reign in July 1882-when he dispatched Mr. Pak Y6ng-hyo to Japan as Korean envoy, this T'aegiikki was hoisted on the boat Meiji Maru on which he and his suite traveled. In the 24th year of the reign of the Emperor Kojong, in 1887, Mr. Pak Ch6ng-yang was appointed Korean minister to Washington, and he embarked a t Inch'lin (Chemulp'o) for the U.S. A. A t that time the T'aegiikki was hoisted aboard the American cruiser Oklahoma. In this manner, this T'aegiikki was hoisted in the east and the west, and was recognized accordingly as the Korean flag a t home and abroad.

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pnb 7 0 4 T ~ $ ~ ~ J < 4 4 ? $ 4rd- r ; ( $ T % J kwJ w o kw @ w T ? * F F w ?@w +fib 4w w ~ 4w r ; ( *w w w u w w w # * $ 5 sdrw -K$( % - $ @ - R J % -ME * < .
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2

n n

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n n

n

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332


334


Appendixes

6. Characters with Multiple Readings

a #%(S'k) 5 ~ g g & P$86i(%8)

E{+' 1 '

7d(

a a

3

#I

E&(7JAd) $oE(Rh4) RM(*S-) ~&(331)

4

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&p

a &~

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W&(717,F)

7li

i&?%(71 q)

t f3E+(+Q) % %9(%%)

E@(dh;1) Ed$(9'4-1

3

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3 BtR(=l+) F @B(?-%) 5Z<-?7d)

HI SS(dl"q)

Ft9+(49-]) Lt 13h(G"J) ~ t l Em(4%I-) Lt %% (4-q) El %%(4wk)

g %iL('E++) %OF* a %&(44) A t %O(44) H{" .1=$.1E 01 #%(+ok)

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z amw 4 Z%(z*) 3 s%(+-q) s %U(.A,-$-)

9 &rn(=i=3) ?IUM(i-lII 3 &324(3%)

71

za(("1f)

b El?%(%%)

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a@$(+-4)

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At

iEqB(44)

335

336


g{;a

Et #

&#(+%!) ?%&(A%)

qg

4 @S(r@) 4 zi-s(41q)

PHONETIC INDEX

Okp'yiin. A Chinese-character wordbook in which words are looked up by the radical and the number of strokes peculiar to the Chinese character.

north northeast

northwest

east

west

southeast

southwest south

338

Pictorial Sino-Korealr Characters

1 Phonetic Index (In Hun-g2l alphabetical order)

Phonetic Index

339

34 0

Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters Phonetic Index

dqq 1

[s] @

[+I]

113

1 -Zol7&

%?

1

g3 Zl

1%

+2

293

95

& 44

128

105

%?la

99

El

5

80

269 52 210 98

g

@q

#$f

56

8 44 F l 4

23

3 ~ : Y 7 & 48

g

112

4 6\41

259

&4

290

332

$$J

7f2.B sq

@ =?q

272

€14

@J 4%

198

[s]

@ $41

138

[3lI

83

334

193

I 204

@ zl?i

#$%% $1 @ *?J

276

[a]

@elf 4

61

I61

g + 9

B a H F

% ME B71 57

,

272

2

224

@$kg

20

@ 9%

~ . 1

87

'6

$71

5 ffi $2i

61 el

zz

7\+3

94

67

%

#& a71 &~1%

,E 4 3

292

+7J+

59

I@ 571

7101%

atq7' 57

flll"!%

&~1%

228

.la

g 014

4

94

T3t

@d*

74 Gl

#E7711\ 4 % 275 ~

i2Q

@ i$,719

312

s + q q 1 3 0

.RF

[a]

[ I

146

€1

@ $4kJ

[71]

3%

P

$11 Fg

+7J

274

$535

205

[S]

252

@!

f&*lS

@ UI

330

@fl+

[g] 5

211

[+I

g9 $4 44

78

%

& 7\nFq

a

,$,+J

[t] 31

%%

248

341

215 249 109

Cn-ll

171

q+

316

[a]

253 333 54

!$$$ a*

254

[GI

6 ,J%

257

342


I

Phonetic Index

343

344


Phonetic Index

345

346


t ' w w

55

99%

[g] @ X

oh11

@o ~ g

331

[a] q h n l 119 241

f,,"d'F"' 4%

2g

1

@

xo,ol

&

+d

fi "F34 %! & b*

[g] @qqg

170 332

5%

168

[kt] $f. Ad

@*

a

80

?El d

a

92

4

332

113

3

184

, E ,

++jq 133

~4

120

@ 42%

6%

9

164

@ %+

3%

%1%

281

26

113

155

25

%

Hs-

26

118 &-$-%

232

fjj

4t%% 146

Ed& fk72% @ &72 93 + 58

3 4 %

@j*eq

25

90

iqdF@ 3 236

[Hq]

[ I 6

Q7L

285

8

213

3 %-tlLg

5

2

@ 43

53

$$ ~ F 4 4 149 200

*Hz%171

f i 4%

1

dV%

~

# &*I n2

101

q ~

252

271

@ &%%

&*

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2%

@ 9 d J

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[all

9 0 1 %L

rC7?!3g

135

[=I

113

f)j

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f&**d

& DJd9

3

33,

270

2

208

7 J

jpiAd%?

q?

pny 9%

[F]

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4

%*J

84

j$q 4-9

971

330

61

[a]

201

67

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{*qL

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221

275

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[s] BE] 5

*I

[~t] *gHk

& '

2 5 3

I60

$&NU]%

~9

7 O m 0 d S

$4

$+'

60

3 9%

3

4

[ I

257

f&Sq

9

ij&71q

@gfb

rs

Phonetic Index

(jb

277

Bz 4%

172

fg r* =c 8 331

[g]

fi P

261

249

@ $"'

347

348


350


Phonetic Inder

351

352


!

Phonetic Index

353

354


Phonetic Index

355

356


Phonetic Index

Xk*l

219

9 9%

qiF8

332

,@

$339

332

$9

@

190

@

@

it %

fg

4

0)3

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I

3k * 331

58

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E

52

@ $=F19288

01%

333

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{@

3714

57

qord1

&1%

Ad +!

@ q%%

162

8 ZT-

240

212

@

235

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1 237

193

/I%4. @4

% +i8

68

@ Y8

?A)

# 89% 333 [ I

312

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28

283

/r$

4

144

{&54

141

$& g n t Y

got*

4

226

+I

52

@

g?$"

87

&+f

229

& q

if9

a

+ 261i

170 55

aOl

330

+z,F

141

Dl 0

t~zt-g

~

7

'E t g

@1

27

218

*%

,@ [-I

% 175 271

o\%

25 57

[ZI]

4 41

142

df

[F]

@

$

9 140

232

${'I .a %

& ;F$

g ?l4 154

@ 71%

a

4 nl

3 ? 4

215

.lrg

+t

7\21]

I+'

4*

243

139

289

& & E+ & "vt8

97

[el

q Y I 255 @rl%

94

[F]

73

312

9

[El

f[J $f

Z J i "FB

7

58

#+ 4%

99

@ ~F*J4

@ E.

@ Ir-4

$i8j~

$$ 99

.&a

w

a

,@ Zal7

rs4

$k

%+

54

256

E+!

B?J

& FaJ

[s]

q$

9

139

*A]

ZY

313

m es

101

2%

7 ~ 1

143

[%I

a+ 189 197 59 135

[El

'8 *g

xJ"Y 4-%ol

[-I

% *%A1

192

358


Phonetic Index

360

Pi~torialSino-Korean Characters

Phonetic Index

36 1

1

362


Phonetic Index

363

364

Pictorial Silro-Korean Characters

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I

!

Braden, John. Read Practical Japanese. Japan: Kenkyusha Printing Company, 1976. Budge, Wallis. Egyptian Language. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1973. Bullock, T. L. Chinese Written Language. Shanghai: Belly & Walsh, 1923. Chang, Raymond, Margaret Scrogin. Speaking of Chinese. New York: Norton & Company Inc., 1978. Chih, Yu-Ju. Advanced Chinese Newspaper Readings. New Haven, Conn. : The Institute of Far Eastern Languages. Creel, Herrlee Glessner. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1952. Crowley, Dale P. Manual for Reading Japanese. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1972. Dykstra, Andrew & Dykstra, Yoshiko. The Kanji ABC. Los Altos: William Kaufmann Inc., 1975. Geo, V. Strong. Common Chinese-Japanese Characters. Yokohama: Kelly and Walsh, 1911. Hadamitzky, Wolfgan. Kanji & Kana. Rutland: Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1980. Kang, C. H. & Nelson Ethel R. The Discovery of Genesis. St. Louise: Concordia, 1979. Karlgren, Bernhard. Grammata Serica Recensa. Stockholm: Museum of Far Estern Antiquities, 1964. Kennedy, George Alexander. Serial Arrangements of Chinese Characters. Yale University: Department of Oriental Studies, 1901. Lai, T. C. Animals of Chinese Zodiac. Hong Kong: Swindon Book Company, 1980.

366

Bibliography

Lee, Cynthia. Learn Chinese. Toronto: University of Toronto, 1980. Lee, James Zee-Min. Chinese Potpourri. Hong Kong: The Oriental Publishers, 1950. Lin, Chao. A Survey of Chinese Characters. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Book Company, 1968. Mathews, R. H. Chinese-English Dictionary. China Inland Mission: Presbyterian Mission Press, 1931. Murray, D. M. & Wong, T. W. Noodle Words. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1971. Osaka University. The First Step to Kanji, and Second Step to Kanji. Japan: Osaka University of Foreign Studies, 1969. Pye, Michael. Everyday Japanese Characters. Tokyo: The Hokuseido Press, 1977. Sakade, Florence. Reading and Writing Japanese. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1959. Tan, Huay Peng. Fun with Chinese Characters. Singapore: Federal Publications, 1982. Tsang, 0 . 2 . A Complete Chinese-English Dictionary. Shanghai: The Republican Press, 1926. Vaccari, Oreste & Vaccari, Enko Elisa. Pictorial ChineseJapanese Characters. Tokyo: Kasai Publishing Company, 1964. Walsh, Len. Read Japanese Today. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1969. Well, H. R. (Rev. ) Chinese for Every One. Hong Kong: The South China Morning Post, 1938. Weiger, S. J. Chinese Characters. New York: Paragon Book Reprint Company, 1915. Wiese, Kurt. You Can Write Chinese. New York: Viking Press, 1945.

, CPHPDJ, B;lk : S & % R , 1936. &&3, #tGIJEE#&, 4 % : bl%ik, 1977.

Bibliography

, ,

%lft@ft#ff%a%,

~l S : +as,1973.

R S : bB&, 1965.

,

%

1

I

: !

:

, R##ZSe, 23 : 13%,1975. %%3C @%~%i%i$R k T, B d k : @%@BB, 1934. &%@;3f3, @H%?B*, ~-1% : ~~~, 1977. %EiEA, 2 3 8 S 1 8 & , %JX : RJIIBR, 1983. , 993iA#R, 4 8 : @SEB$k, 1982. ER%, S i S S % B * , A-1 8 : @%@&73ii%, 1981. 3 , f H Z 3 9 I T , S;lk : @j$$EP%@, 1891. E B 28SS, Bdk :B ? Z Q J ~ @ 1964, , ilk?i%4, @HZ?!$, ?$i% : %!2&B&, 1968. %'!/E~$(J.qB4tKlBS, %%f@@$fiFf,1956. % 7 , i@%A&, 4% : %RLt!tE$f., 1973. 3 , g3&, : &%fi%?g, 1951. 3 , S!%ZP, SAk : E%&M&, 1968. H 9 @Hft?ZJR&E##Zi I T, El%%, %PSl%el k T , 2EJk : +?Z@BR, 1962. @ , jS?%3!#T%R, s;lk : %gLt!%%, 1979. 4 , %H%Ul8##, 1 1 k : @%A BE, 1982. RZB, t m @ % - - ~ , $i% : BBVPB@, 1950.

, I

#t%ZP,

,

3;lk : Z E @ R , 1934. * ~ 1975. , , @f@4&, Jj-% : Ad T?, 1981.

% 3 & s ( a#+&, % ~ RB :E

& Q!%J7fSI, %LBftBBa%,

: @#I,1967.

367

sp

ICTORIAL

INO-KOREAN HARACTERS Fun with Hancha 3; *wlS%+H

'b

by REV. JACOB CHANG-UI KIM

HOLLYM

The best thing since A Guide to Korean Characters. My more than 25 year struggle ;o learn Chinese characters has taught me to value any mnemoriic device. Professor Kim presents a logic that can be useful to all learners. Gary D. Walter Chief, Learning Resources Division, DLI

This book Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters is extremely helpful to both the begiping and advanced students of the Korean language. The Hetdld, Monterey, California

Here is beauty and simplicity behind that which initially looks complex and overwhelming. Tbe Globe, Defense Language Institute In his book, the Rev. Jacob Kim simplifies the colossal task of mastering Sino-Korean characters. Ben de La Selva Dean, Asian Language DLI

Rev. Kim has done a first-class work of stating the Pictorid SinoKorean Characters. Qlung Kyung - cho, LL. D . Author, Korea Tomorrow, Korea Gudebook The presentation of Chinese characters has a quality of uniqueness, and it is quite interesting. Students can learn and retain dficult

characters easily. Kenneth Bok Lee, Ph.D. Former Chairman, Korean Dep . , DLI Professors, MIiS and Chapman College, CA

ISBN: 0-930878-58-9

sn

CTORIAL

INO-KOREAN

CHARACTERS This book contains various aids for students of written Korean, particularly the Sino-Korean characters known as Han~haor Hanmun. The mental effort required in learning and retaining these characters is the greatest obstacle in becoming knowledgeable in the Korean language. % t o d Sho-Korean Characters is intended primarily for the American students who must not only be able to read the newspaper, but also to translate the more or less technical articles appearing in various books and periodicals. The specialized vocabulary includes the origin, etymology, and historical classifications significant to each word. It also systematically introduces the radical elements and their compounds, together with related or associated characters. Each character is accompanied by a chart demonstrating how to write it (stroke order) and the evolution of pictographs. It presents the 1,800 essential characters prescribed by the Ministry of Education as the minimum requirement for middle through high school students throughout Korea. It also lists 800 more general usages. The total comes to 2,600 characters, 500 biblical terms and verses, 1,600 high frequency compounds, and 1,200 phrases for typical conversational usage.

Jacob Chang-ui Kim was born in Porybng, Ch'ungch'iingnam-do, but grew up in Inch'iin and Seoul, Korea. He studied at Yonsei University, Konkuk University, received a master's degree in education from Korea University, and also from the Presbyterian General Assembly Theological Semikuy in Seoul. Ultimately he received a master's degree in theology from Northern Baptist Theological Seminary in Illinois and a master's degree in international education from Chapman College in California. Rev. Kim is a staff and faculty member at the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California. Among Rev. Kim's books are History of the Monastery System in Middle Age (340 pp.; 1970), Maitiparpose Tools for Theoiogicd Stua'zes (390 pp .; 1972), Ciasst$cation of the Korea T'eoiogical Library Association (87 pp. ; 1973) and many articles.

Front Jackek This character calls to mind the ex-

C

periment done by Benjamin Franklin who introduced proof of electrical forces to western men. This he did one cloudy day, when the kite with the key he attached to it, drew sparks. This background indicates a Korean villoge xhool.

ISBN: 0-930878-58-9

Pictorial Sino-Korean Characters

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