Pipe-Marking Best Practice Guide

THE BEST PRACTICE GUIDE TO:

Pipe Marking A Graphic Products Library Resource

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CONTENTS Contents of the Best Practice Guide to Pipe Marking by Graphic Products, Inc.

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................pg 1 An overview of the Best Practice Guide to Pipe Marking.

TOOLS ..................................................................................................................pg 2 What labeling tools are available to efficiently label an entire facility indoors and outdoors?

EVALUATION OF FACILITY ..................................................................... pg 3 What to look for when evaluating a facility. Evaluation Tip What to Look For Standard Abbreviations

LABEL CREATION....................................................................................... pg 9 See available resources for customizing pipe markers. Equipment and Supplies Label Creation Steps

LABEL PLACEMENT................................................................................pg 11

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What type of supplies are available for marking unique surfaces and environments?

Proper placement of pipe labels will increase worker safety and improve overall workflow. Removing Old Labels

LABEL MAINTENANCE .........................................................................pg 12 What may be used to clean and maintain pipe labels?

APPENDIX A - EVALUATION CHECKLIST ..................................pg 13 Use this checklist to help label a facility.

APPENDIX B - PIPE MARKING GUIDES ....................................pg 14 Various industries need to comply with specific standards. ANSI/ASME A13.1 - 2007 Pipe Marking Guide Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Pipe Marking Guide ISO/DIS 14726 Sea Vessel & Marine Pipe Marking Guide Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide Water Treatment Pipe Marking Guide

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What are the different pipe marking standards?

S SN A P O IT

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The information presented in this guide was obtained from sources whom we deem reliable and the best available sources; Graphic Products, Inc. has made every effort to ensure this information is correct. However, we do not guarantee accuracy or completeness. Graphic Products, Inc. makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied. Information in this guide is subject to change without notice. Except as expressly provided for in writing, the liability of Graphic Products, Inc. arising from the use of this guide is specifically excluded and Graphic Products, Inc. disclaims all warranties and any liability for damages of any kind and any liability whether in contract, tort under statute or otherwise for any injury, damage or loss whatsoever. No reliance should be placed on information contained or to be implied or inferred in this guide, and users of this guide should verify all information with ANSI and OSHA sources directly.

INTRODUCTION The following pages provide basic instructions for pipe label design, printing and placement. These recommended practices will help improve facility efficiency and increase safety through visual communication. Proper pipe marking1 plays a critical role in protecting the safety of workers, visitors and emergency responders who must enter a facility. The following pages are designed to help your facility comply with widely accepted standards for pipe marking. Following these standards helps ensure pipe content, flow direction and additional pipe information are easily seen and understood by all.

Keep this guide handy in your facility to help you, your staff and contractors understand and print compliant pipe markers. DuraLabel printers come bundled with pipe marking software to make compliance simple. DuraLabel also offers a wide selection of industrial labeling supplies for making pipe markers, valve tags and other types of labels and signs.

Pipe marker design and color-code compliance is best achieved with the use of an industrial label printer. Pipe marking software, included with DuraLabel printers, makes it easy to accurately print for compliance using custom information. The goal is to reduce confusion, dangerous situations, injuries and even deaths.

DuraLabel offers over 50 application-specific supplies to choose from so you’ll always have the right supply for making durable labels and signs for nearly any surface or setting. Having the right supply for your specific application ensures long-term performance – even in the harshest industrial environments.

For further assistance please contact one of our knowledgeable customer service representatives at 800-788-5572.

Pipe markers play a vital role in safety. They can provide information for emergency responders and save lives of on-site workers. 1

The words pipe marker, pipe marking and label are used interchangeably throughout this guide.

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TOOLS Various items are needed when evaluating your facility for marking pipes appropriately. The recommended tools and equipment needed for making pipe markers includes: • Schematic of the facility’s pipe system • Computer with Windows 2000 Operating System or above ◦ DuraLabel Mobile Print Station™ 150 XL or a laptop if portability is needed ◦ Word processing software or DuraLabel DuraSuite™ software ◦ DuraLabel library of symbols, templates and examples • DuraLabel PRO series printer2 (www.duralabel.com) ◦ DuraLabel DuraPak™ battery (optional, for portability) ◦ DuraLabel premium vinyl tapes (tape size depends on the size of the pipe) ◦ DuraLabel premium and/or petroleum ribbon in white and black ◦ Additional supplies for special purpose applications - Pipe Grabber™ Sleeves for putting pipe markers on dirty, oily or rusty pipes - Low temperature vinyl for labeling pipes in cold storage areas - Reflective vinyl for labeling pipes that need to be seen under low-light conditions - Extended-Life Vinyl is ideal for outdoor labeling • Supplies and equipment to clean and prepare pipes for labeling ◦ Putty knife, isopropyl alcohol, WD-40 or heat gun

DuraLabel provides many labeling supplies and tools to properly color-code pipes within a facility. Although other industrial quality printers may be used, the DuraLabel PRO 300 is a popular thermal transfer printer proven to make effective, long-lasting pipe markers. The descriptions given in this guide use the DuraLabel PRO 300.

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EVALUATION OF FACILITY Now that you have the tools needed for pipe marking, the next step is an evaluation of the pipe systems in your facility. This requires walking through the facility to visually evaluate and document each piping system. Carry a pen, a pad of paper and a camera with you. Use drawings of your facility’s piping systems to aid you in documenting any problems that are identified. An easy-to-use inspection form is available in Appendix A of this guide.

Evaluation Tip

What to Look For

During your pipe evaluation, make sure to document all current pipe markers. Consider how existing marking could be improved to better visually communicate pipe information to workers.

When evaluating your facility, look for and pay attention to: • existing pipe markers

Definition of Pipe A pipe is a conduit used to convey, distribute, mix, separate, discharge, meter, control, or snub fluid flows. A pipe system includes the pipes, plus fittings, flanges, valves and pipe coverings. (ASME/ANSI A13.1 (2007) standard)

◦ Are they accurate? (Name, flow direction, label color)

◦ Are they physically damaged, deteriorated, dirty, discolored or in a location or condition likely to result in future physical damage or failure? • pipes with missing pipe markers • new equipment • new pipes that redirect contents to/from new equipment • areas where maintenance has been performed • traffic areas

Evaluate piping systems indoors and outdoors. DuraLabel provides supplies which will endure many environments.

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EVALUATION OF FACILITY Although the ASME/ANSI standard suggests labeling all pipes, it is required for pipes to be labeled in the following situations: • the contents of pipes could affect procedures during emergency situations • the contents of pipes are hazardous • the flow direction is unknown • the destination of the contents is unknown • the flow needs to be redirected for maintenance • one or more valves need to be shut off for maintenance

In conducting your inspection, use a pipe schematic and piping drawings to plan your inspection. Consult your facility’s pipe schematics to ensure accurate labeling of contents and direction of flow.

Properly identifying pipes, valves and containers will aid in safety.

Background Color

Letter Color

Red

White

Toxic & Corrosive Fluids

Orange

Black

Flammable Fluids

Yellow

Black

Combustible Fluids

Brown

White

Potable, Cooling, Boiler Feed & Other Water

Green

White

Blue

White

Fluid Service TABLE 1 – Colors

Color Scheme The contents of a pipe determines the color scheme of the pipe marker. See Table 1 to ensure existing pipe markers are standardcompliant. If not, they should be replaced.

Fire Quenching Fluids

Pipe Label Size The size of the pipe marker is also an important factor. Properly sized labels will allow personnel to read the labels at a reasonable distance. See Table 2 to ensure existing pipe markers are standard-compliant. If not, they should be replaced.

TABLE 2 – Sizes

Compressed Air

Outside Pipe Diameter Including Covering

Minimum Length of Label Field Color

Minimum Height of Letters

0.75" - 1.25"

19 - 32 mm

8"

203 mm

0.5"

13 mm

1.5" - 2"

38 - 51 mm

8"

203 mm

0.75"

19 mm

2.5" - 6"

64 - 152 mm

12"

305 mm

1.25"

32 mm

8" - 10"

203 - 254 mm

24"

610 mm

2.5"

64 mm

Over 10"

Over 254 mm

32"

813 mm

3.5"

89 mm

NOTE: Pipes too small for labels should be marked with a hanging tag.

Use the Appendix A at the end of this guide to help determine the color, size, and quantity of labels needed. Use a hanging pipe tag as pictured above for pipes which are too small.

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EVALUATION OF FACILITY Standard Abbreviations The following table provides a list of standard abbreviations that may be used on pipe markers. Abbreviations should only be used to make the message easier to read and when it is impractical to write out the entire word or phrase. ABED

Aux. Building Equipment Drains

CMPT

Computed

ABEDT

Aux. Building Equipment Drain Tank

CNMT

Containment

ABFD

Aux. Building Floor Drain

COM

Common

ABFDT

Aux. Building Floor Drain Train

COMP

Component

ACB

Air Circuit Breaker

CONC

Concentration

ACK

Acknowledge

COND

Condenser/Condensate

ACT

Actuate

CONDTY

Conductivity

ADJ

Adjust

CONT

Controller

AFW

Auxiliary Feedwater

CONT ROD

Control Rod

ALM

Alarm

CONTR

Control

AMB

Ambient

COR

Correction

ANAL

Analyzer

CORR

Correlation

AO(V)

Air Operated (Valve)

COUNT

Count

AVG

Average

CPM

Counts Per Minute

BA

Boric Acid

CPU

Central Processing Unit

BAR

Bar Graph

CPUS

Central Processing Units

BAT

Boric Acid Tank / Battery

CR

Control Room

BD

Blow Down

CRB

Chemical Recovery Boiler

BIST

Bistable

CROM

Control Rod Drive Mechanism

BIT

Boron Injection Tank

CS

Containment Spray

BKR

Breaker

CSR

Cable Spreading Room

BL

Black Liquid

CST

Condensate Storage Tank

BOP

Balance of Plant

CW

Circulating Water

BTM

Bottom

CWP

Circulating Water Pump

BTU

British Thermal Unit

CYL

Cylinder

BUP

Backup

D/G

Diesel Generator

C

Centigrade (aka. Celsius)

DEG

Degrees

C/CB

Condensate/Cond. Booster

DEMIN

Demineralizer

C1M

Cumulative One Minute

DET

Detector

CAB

Cabinet

DEV

Deviation

CAL

Calibration/Calorie

DIV

Division

CAUS

Cause

DO

Diesel Fuel Oil

CCW

Component Cooling Water/Closed Cooling Water

DOT

Dirty Oil Tank

CD

Condensate

DSCH

Discharge

CDB

Condensate Booster

DT

Delta Temperature

CDT

Chemical Drain Tank

ECCS

Emergency Core Cooling System

CHAM

Chamber

EDT

Equipment Drain Tank

CHAN

Channel

EFCT

Effect

CHNG

Change

EFLNT

Effluent

CHRG

Charging

EHC

Electro Hydraulic Control

CJB

Cold Junction Box

ELEC

Electrical

CKT

Circuit

EQ

Equipment

CL

Cold Leg

EQUIP

Equipment

CLNG

Cooling

ES

Extraction Steam

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EVALUATION OF FACILITY ESS

Essential Service

K

Kilo

ESF

Engineered Safety Feature

LNG

Long/Liquified Natural Gas

EXH

Exhaust/Exhauster

LO FLW

Low Flow

EXPANS

Expansion

M/G

Motor Generator Sets

EXTR

Extracted Extractor/Extraction

MAINT

Maintenance

F

Fahrenheit

MAX

Maximum

FCV

Flow Control Valve

MCR

Main Control Room

FD

Forced Draft

MFP

Main Feed Pump

FH

Fuel Handling

MIN

Minutes/Minimum

FLW

Flow

MOIST

Moisture

FO

Fuel Oil

MPH

Miles Per Hour

FREQ

Frequency

MPS

Miles Per Second

FRNT

Front

MS

Main Steam/Moisture Separator

FW

Feed Water

MSIV

Main Steam Isolation Valve

GOV

Governor

MSR

Moisture Separator Reheater

GPM

Gallons Per Minute

MTR

Motor

GRP

Group

MU

Makeup

GSC

Gland Steam Condenser

MVBL

Moveable

GV

Governor Valve

NAOH

Sodium Hydroxide

HG(A)

Mercury (absolute)

NAR

Narrow

HGHT

Height

NAR RNG

Narrow Range

HIDP

High Differential Pressure

NBL

Noble

HL

Hot Leg

NEG

Negative

HOV

Hydraulic Operated Valve

NEUT

Neutron

HP

High Pressure

NIS

Nuclear Instrumentation System

HR(S)

Hour

NR

Narrow Range

HRSG

Heat Recovery Steam Generator

NUC

Nuclear

HT RT

Heat Rate

OG

Off-Gas

HTNG

Heating

OOS

Out of Service

HU/CD

Heatup/Cooldown

OP

Over Pressure

HUT

Hold up Tank

OPER

Operator/Operating

HYD

Hydraulic

OT

Over Temperature

I/P

Current to Pressure

OT-OP

Over Temp-Over Pressure

I/V

Current to Voltage

OUT

Output

IA

Instrument Air

OUTBD

Outboard

ID

Identification/Inside Diameter

OUTLT

Outlet

INBO

Inboard

OVERLD

Overload

INC

Increase

OVERTEMP

Over Temperature

INF

Influent

OVRPWR

Overpower

INIT

Initial

PART

Partial

INL

Inlet

PARTIC

Particulate

INSERTIN

Insertion

PCT

Percent

INST

Instrument/Instantaneous

PCV

Pressure Control Valve

INT

Internal

PENET

Penetration

INTERM

Intermediate

PMG

Permanent Magnet Generator

IOD

Iodine

PNEU

Pneumatic

ISOL

Isolation

PORV

Power Operated Relief Valve

JUNCT

Junction

POS

Positive

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EVALUATION OF FACILITY Standard Abbreviations (cont.) POT

Potentiometer

SEC

PPB

Parts per Billion

SEL

Select

PPM

Parts per Million

SEP

Separator

PR58

Process Radiation Monitor 58

SERV

Service

PREAMP

Preamplifiers

SFP

Service Fuel Pump

PRG

Purge

SGTR

Steam Generator Tube Rupture

PRI

Primary

SI

Safety Injection

PROC

Process

SPEC

Specification

PRT

Pressurizer Relief Tank

STDY

Steady

PS

Power Supply

STNBY

Standby

PSI

Lbs Per Square Inch

STOR

Storage

PSIA

Lbs Per Square Inch Absolute

SUPPR

Suppressed

PSIG

Lbs Per Inch Gauge

SUPRESS

Suppression

PSIO

Lbs Per Square Inch Differential

SW

Service Water/Switch

PT

Point

SWST

Secondary Water Storage Tank

PTL

Pull-To-Lock

T/C

Thermocouples

PUL

Pulverizer

TAMB

Temperature Ambient

PW

Primary Water

TAVG

Average Temperature

PWR RNG

Power Range

TB

Turbine Building/Terminal Box/Block

PRV

Pressure Relief Valve

TC

Cold Leg Temperature

PZR

Pressurizer Relief Tank

TCV

Temperature Control Valve

RC

Reactor Coolant

TD

Turbine Drain

RCDT

Reactor Coolant Drain Tank

TG

Turbine Generator

RCFC

Reactor Containment Fan Cooler

THER

Thermal

RCL

Reactor Coolant Loop

THRT

Throttle

RCS

Reactor Coolant System

THST

Thrust

RDT

Reheater Drain Tank

TREP

Reference Temperature

RECOMB

Recombiner

TRNA

Train A (B, C, etc.)

REGEN

Regenerative

TRNSNT

Transient

REL

Relative

TRP

Trip

RESID

Residual

TTD

Terminal Temp. Difference

RH

Residual Heat

TURBS

Turbines

RHR

Residual Heat Removal

UNCONT

Uncontrolled

RHT

Reheat

VAC

Vacuum

RLY

Relay

VALS

Values

RNG

Range/Running

VAP

Vapor

ROC

Rate of Change

VAR

Variance

RTD

Resistance Temp. Detector

VCT

Volume Control Tank

RTN

Return

VIB

Vibration

RVLIS

Reactor Vessel Level Indication System

VNT

Vent

RW

Radwaste

VOL

Volume

RWST

Refueling Water Storage Tank

WR

Wide Range

S/G

Steam Generator

XFR

Transfer

SA

Service Air

XMTR

Transmitter

SB

Service Building

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LABEL CREATION Need pipe markers? Evaluate what your facility’s needs are first. If your facility is medium-to-large in size, it may be more cost-effective and efficient to have an industrial label printer in-house. Pipe markers, and many other industrial labels, can be custom designed and easily printed on demand when employees have access to the right printer and supplies in their work area.

Equipment and Supplies Preprinted pipe marker labels aren’t cheap. Facilities relying on these generic labels to mark pipes often pay more in replacement costs due to the marker’s short life span. Because preprinted labels are generic, they may not always visually communicate pipe information accurately. The DuraLabel PRO 300 Printer is an excellent option for most facility pipe marking projects. Quality 300 dpi resolution provides crisp and clear legibility for pipe marking projects. The DuraLabel PRO 300 Pipe Marking king Kit* includes: • DuraLabel PRO 300 Printer • DuraSuite™ Labeling Software (FREE) E) • 2" Blue Premium Vinyl Tape • 2" Green Premium Vinyl Tape • 2" Yellow Premium Vinyl Tape • 4" Blue Premium Vinyl Tape • 4" Green Premium Vinyl Tape • 4" Red Premium Vinyl Tape • 4" Yellow Premium Vinyl Tape • 4" Brown Premium Vinyl Tape • 4.3" White Resin Ribbon • 4.3" Black Resin Ribbon *

DuraLabel PRO 300 Pipe Marking Kit Standard kit shown, custom kits available

Contents are subject to change. Kits may be customized. tomized.

Take the guess work out by using DuraLabel printers, supplies and software to quickly create and print the pipe labels you need.

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LABEL CREATION Some of the special supplies that are available include: • Cold Storage Vinyl Tape – Adhesive will stick on cold surfaces • High-Tack Tapes – For surfaces that are not smooth • Low-Halogen – Prevents corrosion to stainless steel • Reflective Tape – For low-light settings • Oily Surface Labels – Sticks to oily or greasy surfaces • Marine Label Tapes – Resistant to salt water spray • Ultra-Aggressive – Sticks to highly textured surfaces • Valve Tags – To identify pipes whose labels would be too small for readability

Label Creation Steps (with the DuraLabel PRO 300) Use the DuraSuite™ labeling software included with all DuraLabel PRO printers or design the required pipe labels with a familiar word processor, such as Microsoft® Word or OpenOffice.org. The Software CD included with DuraLabel desktop printers comes with pre-made MS Word templates and examples. The DuraLabel PRO 300 printer can print on supplies up to 4" wide. Using Pre-Existing Software 1. See Table 2 in the “Evaluation of Facility” section to

determine the size of label and letters and adjust the page format accordingly. 2. Type out text in capital letters, using a sans-serif font. 3. From the DuraLabel PRO 300 symbols library, insert

an arrow to indicate the direction of flow of the pipe contents. 4. See Table 1 in the “Evaluation of Facility” section to

determine the appropriate color of the labeling tape and ribbon. Load the DuraLabel PRO 300 printer accordingly.

Easily print pipe labels in automatic or manual mode using DuraSuite. Choose from single or wrap-around label layouts to comply with codes.

5. Print the label(s).

Using DuraSuite Automatic Pipe Marker Design 1. Open the DuraSuite™ Labeling Software. 2. Select the Pipe Marking module. 3. Select the pipe’s contents from one of the menus or

enter appropriate text & select appropriate arrows. 4. Select the pipe’s outside diameter dimension. 5. Load the printer with appropriate supplies determined

by Tables 1 & 2 in the “Facility Evaluation” section. 6. Select the number of labels & print the label(s). Go Mobile: Label anywhere in the facility using the DuraLabel TORO — Our popular standalone model with 9" touch screen and fold out keyboard fold-out keyboard.

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LABEL PLACEMENT Pipe marker location plays a critical role in the safety and efficiency of every facility. In many facilities, pipe systems generally have a number of bends, penetrations, valves and possibly distribution headers. Factor these visual obstacles into your final placement decision. Every pipe must have pipe markers that are visible from any location from which the pipe can be seen. Labels must always be applied to clean and dry surfaces to provide lasting performance. Visually appropriate locations often need to be cleaned of debris to create an acceptable pipe marker surface. At locations where cleaning is not an option, DuraLabel Pipe Grabber™ sleeves may be an appropriate alternative. Pipe markers should be placed: • To indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label Placement of labels will vary facility to facility and should be applied accordingly to comply with codes.

• To be visible from the point of normal approach • At any line entry or re-entry point • Near valves, flanges, and changes in pipe direction

Special Conditions for placement:

• At both sides of ceiling, wall, or floor penetrations

• If pipeline is located above the normal line of vision, the label shall be placed below the horizontal center line of the pipe to maximize visibility

• At least once every 50 feet on straight pipe runs

• If pipeline is located below the normal line of vision, the label shall be placed above the horizontal center line of the pipe to maximize visibility • Use Pipe Grabber™ Sleeves when: ◦ Pipe is very dirty and cannot be cleaned ◦ Labels won’t adhere because the pipe is covered with rust, scale, un-lagged insulation, etc.

Removing Old Labels Many labels can be removed by scraping them off with a putty knife. However, with strong labels such as labels made using DuraLabel vinyl tapes, this can be a labor intensive process. Heating the label with a heat gun will speed this process.

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For some applications a powered wire brush can be used to quickly remove labels. The use of this type of tool must take into consideration the type of surface the label is applied to and whether that surface will be damaged.

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LABEL MAINTENANCE Labels should be properly maintained to ensure long-life, legibility and readability. Under normal outdoor conditions labels will typically last five to seven years. Environmental conditions can cause either a shorter or longer label life. Labels should be inspected on a periodic basis and replaced if missing or deteriorated. Accumulation of debris, grease, oil, or other materials should be cleaned off. Pipe markers are only useful if they are visible. DuraLabel PRO supplies are chemical resistant. Solvents and cleaning agents may be used when necessary to clean off dirt, grime, oil, etc. If cleaning is not possible and a label is not readable, replace the existing label with a new one.

Clean dirty, illegible pipe labels and replace if damaged.

Set up a schedule to reevaluate your facility. Refer to the section “Evaluation of Facility” of this guide for help.

Regularly inspect pipe labels to ensure correct labeling, readability and for code compliance.

DISCLAIMER: This guide is for general purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards. © 2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Location

To ix c/ Co rr o siv Fir e e F l Qu ui ds en c h in La gF b e l u l id C ol s or L a be lW id N th La um b b e ls er o f

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O Di uts am id et e P er ipe

)

NOTES: • Use Table 1 in section “Evaluation of Facility” to determine the label color by the pipe contents. • Use Table 2 in section “Evaluation of Facility” to determine the label size by the pipe diameter. • The direction of the flow is either left or right relative to where the label will be applied. • To estimate the number of labels, divide the total pipe length by 50 then increase the number for valves, penetrations, changes in direction, etc.

Name of pipe content

Use this checklist to keep track of the number and type of labels needed during the evaluation. r

Di

lo w

/R le

APPENDIX A – EVALUATION CHECKLIST n

of F io

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Ai se d W at er

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APPENDIX B – PIPE MARKING GUIDES This appendix provides pipe marking guides covering a variety of pipe locations. There are five guides provided in this appendix:

ANSI/ASME A13.1 Pipe Marking The ANSI/ASME A13.1 Pipe Marking Guide provides the pipe labeling requirements that apply to most facilities. In an industrial, institutional, and commercial building, there will be both hazardous and non-hazardous materials flowing through many miles of pipes. According to the ANSI/ASME A13.1 standards, pipe markers must list the contents of the pipe, the hazards it poses, and any other important information necessary. This guides shows what information must be on code-compliant labels, what size labels need to be, what color labels must be, and where labels should be applied.

Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide Ammonia is corrosive to the skin, eyes, lungs, and can be deadly at higher levels of exposure. The Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide provides the International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration labeling standards for ammonia piping. The IIAR standard requires that thorough and specific labeling be applied to all pipes that contain ammonia-based refrigerants.

NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Medical Pipe Marking Guide According to the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), all pipes carrying medical gasses in Health Care Facilities must be labeled. The NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Medical Pipe Marking Guide provides information about the NFPA 99 standards, including what should be on the label and where the label should be placed. At minimum, medical pipe markers must include the contents, direction of flow, and pressure. Oxygen, Vacuum, Medical Air, Nitrous Oxide, and Nitrogen are just a few of the gasses the NFPA 99 requires to be labeled.

ISO/DIS-14726 Sea Vessel & Marine Pipe Marking Guide Ships and other sea vessels use a pipe marking system that is internationally recognized. This guide provides detailed information about the International ISO/DIS-14726 standards commonly known as the Marine Pipe Marking Standards. (ISO/DIS 14726-2: specifies additional color codes for more detailed identification of substances carried by pipes.)

Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides detailed information about labeling the piping systems within facilities. The ANSI/ASME A13.1 code applies to labeling pipes in commercial buildings. However, in some buildings it is desirable to have more detailed information than is provided by ANSI/ASME pipe markers. For example, there are many types of water used in a commercial building and identifying what type of water is in a pipe is important. The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides a standard used to label pipes with the additional information.

Water Treatment Pipe Marking Guide Beyond the standards of ANSI/ASME A13.1 pipe marking standards, various state governments have adopted these recommendations for marking pipes at water treatment facilities. In this guide, we’ve put these recommendations together to help you properly mark several kinds of treatment lines, including sludge lines, gas lines, water lines and other types.

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ANSI/ASME A13.1 PIPE MARKING GUIDE The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the ANSI/ASME A13.1 - 2007 Standard for the Identification of Pipes.

COLOR CODE

LETTER COLOR ON FIELD COLOR

EXAMPLE

Fluids which are a vapor or produce vapors that can ignite and continue to burn in air.

Black on Yellow

HYDROGEN

Fluids that may burn but are not flammable.

White on Brown

ACETIC ACID

Toxic & Corrosive

Fluids which are corrosive or toxic or will produce corrosive or toxic substances.

Black on Orange

NITRIC ACID

Fire Quenching

Water and other substances used in sprinkler fire fighting piping systems.

White on Red

SPRINKLER WATER

Any other water except for water used in sprinkler & fire fighting piping systems.

White on Green

BOILER WATER

Compressed Air

Any vapor or gas under pressure that does not fit a category above.

White on Blue

COMPRESSED AIR

Defined by User

Defined by user.

White on Black

DEFINED BY USER

Defined by User

Defined by user.

Black on White

DEFINED BY USER

Defined by User

Defined by user.

White on Purple

DEFINED BY USER

Defined by User

Defined by user.

White on Gray

DEFINED BY USER

MATERIAL PROPERTY

DEFINITION OF MATERIAL PROPERTY

Flammable Combustible

Other Water

MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed:

• • • • • • •

to indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label to be visible from the point of normal approach near valves, flanges and changes in pipe direction both sides of ceiling, wall or floor penetrations at any line entry or re-entry point on straight pipe runs every 25 ft to 50 ft

ABOVE: Label placement in relation to point of normal approach

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART

ABOVE: Orientation of labels

Letter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter

Outside Pipe Diameter Including Covering .75" - 1.25" 1.5" - 2" 2.5" - 6" 8" - 10" Over 10"

15

(19 - 32 mm) (38 - 51 mm) (64 - 152 mm) (203 - 254 mm) (Over 254 mm)

Minimum Length of Minimum Height Label Field Color of Letters 8" 8" 12" 24" 32"

(203 mm) (203 mm) (305 mm) (610 mm) (813 mm)

.5" .75" 1.25" 2.5" 3.5"

(13 mm) (19 mm) (32 mm) (64 mm) (89 mm)

NOTE: It is recommended that pipes less than .75" in diameter be labeled with a permanent tag.

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This guide is for general information purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards. © 2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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AMMONIA PIPE MARKING GUIDE The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the IIAR (International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration) Standards. IIAR #114 §7.0 requires the posting of a reference chart with pipe marking identification and abbreviation information in an area conspicuous to operating personnel. Make the chart out of a durable material for continued legibility.

1

2

3

1. ABBREVIATIONS

BD CD DC ES EQ FG HG HGD HPL HSD HSS HTRL HTRS HTS LD LIC LSS LT LTRL LTRS LTS MTRL MTRS MTS PL PO PU RV TSR TSS

5

2. PHYSICAL STATE

Abbreviations for Ammonia System Components: Black printed on yellow ABBREVIATION

4

LIQ – Liquid: Black or white printed on orange VAP – Vapor: Black or white printed on blue* LIQ/VAP: Use both if both states exist

SYSTEM

Booster Discharge Condenser Defrost Condensate Economizer Suction Equalizer Foul Gas Hot Gas Hot Gas Defrost High Pressure Liquid High Stage Discharge High Stage Suction High Temperature Recirculated Liquid High Temperature Recirculated Suction High Temperature Suction Liquid Drain Liquid Injection Cooling Low Stage Suction Liquid Transfer Low Temperature Recirculated Liquid Low Temperature Recirculated Suction Low Temperature Suction Medium Temperature Recirculated Liquid Medium Temperature Recirculated Suction Medium Temperature Suction Purge Line Pump Out Purge Relief Vent Thermosyphon Return Thermosyphon Supply

 Abbreviations marked with this symbol are popularly used, but non-IIAR approved.

*DuraLabel Sky Blue Premium Vinyl recommended.

VAP LIQ LIQ VAP VAP VAP VAP VAP LIQ VAP VAP LIQ LIQ/VAP VAP LIQ LIQ VAP LIQ LIQ/VAP LIQ VAP LIQ LIQ/VAP VAP VAP — LIQ VAP LIQ/VAP LIQ

3. MARKER BODY

“AMMONIA” printed in black on yellow

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART Available on Page #18 Pipe markers shall be placed: • before and after a change in piping direction • before and after piping penetrations (e.g. walls) • on extended runs of pipe, with a max spacing of 40 ft between markers • minimum of one per each area of refrigeration pipe passage (e.g. one per room)

HIGH Pressure: +70 psig Black or white printed on red

LOW Pressure: =/-70 psig Black or white printed on green

LOW HIGH HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH LOW LOW HIGH LOW LOW HIGH LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW HIGH — HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH

5. FLOW DIRECTION

Direction of flow of the system contents is indicated by the arrows. Place arrows at one or both ends of the label.

COMPONENT MARKERS

Label text should identify equipment name (e.g. RECEIVER, ACCUMULATOR, RECIRCULATOR) • 2.5" Tall Black Text on Yellow Background 2.5" • 3.5" minimum Label height with 2.5" margins at each end • Pressure Level Designation: 3.5" minimum height; “High” (back on red) or “Low” (white on green)

4"

RECEIVER

2.5"

MARKER LOCATION (IIAR #114 §5.0)

4. PRESSURE LEVEL

H I G H

Pressure Level Designation

This guide is for general information purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards. © 2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

16

NFPA 99/CGA C-9 PIPE MARKING GUIDE NFPA 99 & CGA C-9 Standard Color Marking of Compressed Gas Containers, Pipelines & Valves for Medical. Use ASME/ANSI Pipe Identification Placement & Orientation Standards. MATERIAL PROPERTY

LETTER COLOR ON FIELD COLOR

EXAMPLE

White on Green

OXYGEN 50-55 PSI

White on Gray

CARBON DIOXIDE

Nitrous Oxide†

White on Blue

NITROUS OXIDE

Cyclopropane

Black on Orange

CYCLOPROPANE

Helium USP†

White on Brown

HELIUM 50-55 PSI

Nitrogen NF

White on Black

NITROGEN 160-200 PSI

Black on Yellow

MEDICAL AIR

White on Red

INSTRUMENT AIR

White on Violet

WASTE ANAESTHETIC

Single Gases – Oxygen USP† Carbon Dioxide

†

‡

†

Medical Air USP† Instrument Air

†

Waste Anaesthetic Gas Disposal (WAGD)†

Black on White/Yellow Checkerboard

Laboratory Air† Laboratory Vacuum† Medical-Surgical Vacuum†

LABORATORY AIR

Black on White/Black Checkerboard 2

LABORATORY VACUUM

Black on White

MEDICAL VACUUM

Black on Yellow Black AND Green

20% OXYGEN 80% NITROGEN 40% OXYGEN 60% NITROGEN

Not Assigned - Defined By User -

52.5% OXYGEN 47.5% NITROUS OXIDE

Gray on Green

93% OXYGEN 7% CARBON DIOXIDE

Green on Brown

20% OXYGEN 80% HELIUM

Gas Mixtures of Oxygen USP and Nitrogen NF – 19.5% to 23.5% Oxygen‡ All other Oxygen Concentrates1‡

Other Gas Mixtures – Oxygen USP and Nitrous Oxide USP: 1‡ 52.5% Oxygen USP, 47.5% Nitrous Oxide USP Oxygen USP and Carbon Dioxide USP: 1‡ ≥ 93% Oxygen USP, remainder Carbon Dioxide USP Oxygen USP and Helium USP: 1‡ ≥ 20% Oxygen USP, remainder Helium USP

1 Use the background colors of the Single Gases. For Other Gas Mixture Pipe Labels, use the major gas for label color and use the minor gas color for text color. 2 †Complies to NFPA 99 color marking standards. ‡ Complies to CGA C-9 color marking standards.

Use a white box with a black outline behind the text.

MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed: • • • • • • •

to indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label near valves, flanges and changes in pipe direction to be visible from the point of normal approach both sides of ceiling, wall, partitions or floor penetrations at least once in or above every room on straight pipe runs, at intervals of not more than 20 ft at least once in every story height traversed by risers


ABOVE: Orientation of labels



17

(19 - 32 mm) (38 - 51 mm) (64 - 152 mm) (203 - 254 mm) (Over 254 mm)


(203 mm) (203 mm) (305 mm) (610 mm) (813 mm)

.5" .75" 1.25" 2.5" 3.5"

(13 mm) (19 mm) (32 mm) (64 mm) (89 mm)

ABOVE: Label placement in relation to point of normal approach

NOTE: It is recommended that pipes less than .75" in diameter, be labeled with a permanent tag

This guide is for general information only. Not intended to be used in place of CGA C-9, NFPA 99 or ASME/ANSI standards. © 2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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ISO/DIS 14726 SEA VESSEL & MARINE PIPE MARKING GUIDE Identification of Colors for the Content of the Piping Systems according to ISO/DIS 14726. Main Color (yellow)

Additional Color (blue)

Fuel

Main Colors: for group of similar substance

Additional Colors: for specific substance

• applied as an adhesive tape or sign • painted on to the pipeline in transverse stripes • painted on the pipeline on the total length • width is wider than the additional color marking

• should be surrounded by the main color • width needs to be less than the main color marking width

(brown)

Sea Water

Additional color markings may be added adjacent to a main color marking on a pipe, when necessary, to distinguish between pipes marked with the same main color listed, but carrying different types of medium. Example: a pipe carrying diesel fuel oil and a pipe carrying heavy fuel oil.

(green)

Oils other than Fuels

Heavy Fuel (HFO)

Decontamination Water

Used Oil (Not Contaminated)

Aviation Fuel

Sanitary Sea Water

Thermal Fluid

Biological Fuel

Ballast Water

Lubrication Oil for Gas Turbines

Gas-Turbine Fuel

Cooling Sea Water

Hydraulic Fluid

Diesel Fuel (MDO)

For ships mixed with navigation (sea-river ships) all outside waters

Lubrication Oil for Steam Turbines

Flammable Gases

(yellow)

Steam

(silver)

Lubrication Oil for Gears Lubrication Oil for Internal Combustion Engines

Hydrogen

Steam for Heating Purposes

Acetylene

Exhaust Steam

Fresh Water

Liquid Gas

Supply Steam

Sanitary Fresh Water

Waste Media

(black)

Fire Fighting/Fire Protection (red)

Distillate

Fire-Fighting Water

Gas-Turbine Wash Water

Waste Oil/Used Oil

Fire-Fighting Gas

Feed Water

Bilge Water

Sprinkler Water

Cooling Fresh Water

Exhaust

Spray Water

Chilled Water

Grey Water

Fire-Fighting Powder

Condensate

Sewage, contaminated

Fire-Fighting Foam

Air & Sounding Pipes (maroon)

Air in Ventilation Systems

Waste Media

Discharge Air

Non-Flammable Gases

Fresh Water

Cold Mechanical Supply Air

Oxygen

Fuel

Natural Exhaust

Inert Gas

Sea Water

Atmospheric Air

Nitrogen

Non-Flammable Gases

Mechanical Exhaust Air

Refrigerant

Oil other than fuels

Decontaminated Supply Air

Compressed Air LP (low pressure)

Steam

Mechanical Recirculated Air

Compressed Air HP (high pressure)

Fire Fighting

Warm Mechanical Supply Air

Control Air/Regulating Air

Acids, Alkalis

Smoke Clearance

Breathing Air a

Ventilation System

Conditioned Supply Air

Flammable Gases

Acids, Alkalis

(violet) (grey)

Breathing Gas a a This marking is used in submarines for distribution

Natural Supply Air

systems of breathing air from cylinders

MARKING OF PIPES

MARKER LOCATION

• pipes with more than 200 mm outer diameter, label makes up about half the circumference of the pipe • pipes with 200 mm outer diameter or less, label makes up the entire circumference of the pipe • label bundled pipes individually • arrows pointing in direction of flow • pipes with flow in opposite directions at different times may be marked with arrows pointing in opposite directions • additional text to signify unambiguously the content and/or function of the pipe • color stripes need to be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe

Pipe markers shall be placed:

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(blue)

Potable Water

Black Water

(white)

(orange)

• at each penetration point in bulkheads, walls & decks • every 3-5 meters of pipe length unless more frequent making is needed due to pipe bends or proximity to other pipe sources. • around the entire circumference of the pipe for 200 mm diameter pipes (adhered at their ends by overtaping) • once in each room • close to each valve

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This guide is for general information purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards. © 2011 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

18

COMMERCIAL BUILDING PIPE MARKING GUIDE The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the ANSI/ ASME A13.1 - 2007 Standard for the Identification of Pipes. A copy of ANSI/ASME A13.1-2007 Standards is needed. ABBR.

SERVICE TYPE

PIPE LABEL

CHWR CHWS CWR CWS CWGLR CWGLS HWGLR HWGLS CTYW DCWR DCWS DHWR DHWS DRAIN DTR DTS FO HPR HPS LTHWR LTHWS MTHWR MTHWS HTHWR HTHWS STM COND NG CA VAC

Chilled Water Return Chilled Water Supply Condenser Water Return Condenser Water Supply Chilled Water Glycol Return Chilled Water Glycol Supply Hot Water Glycol Return Hot Water Glycol Supply City Water Domestic Cold Water Return Domestic Cold Water Supply Domestic Hot Water Return Domestic Hot Water Supply Drains* Dual Temp Return Dual Temp Supply Fuel Oil Heat Pump Return Heat Pump Supply Low-Temp Hot Water Return Low-Temp Hot Water Supply Medium-Temp Hot Water Return Medium-Temp Hot Water Supply High-Temp Hot Water Return High-Temp Hot Water Supply Steam Condensate Natural Gas Compressed Air Vacuum

CHWR CHWS CWR CWS CWGLR CWGLS HWGLR HWGLS CITY WATER DCWR DCWS DHWR DHWS DRAIN DTR DTS FO HPR HPS LTHWR LTHWS MTHWR MTHWS HTHWR HTHWS STEAM COND GAS COMP AIR VACUUM

VALVE TAG

BAND COLOR

(BLDG.)-CHV-## BLUE (BLDG.)-CHV-## (BLDG.)-CWV-## GREEN (BLDG.)-CWV-## (BLDG.)-CGLV-## (BLDG.)-CGLV-## GOLD (BLDG.)-HGLV-## (BLDG.)-HGLV-## (BLDG.)-CTWV-## (BLDG.)-DCV-## LIGHT BLUE (BLDG.)-DCV-## (BLDG.)-DHV-## (BLDG.)-DHV-## (BLDG.)-DRAIN-## BROWN (BLDG.)-DTV-## BLACK (BLDG.)-DTV-## (BLDG.)-FOV-## WHITE (BLDG.)-HPV-## TEAL (BLDG.)-HPV-## (BLDG.)-HWV-## YELLOW (BLDG.)-HWV-## (BLDG.)-MTV-## ORANGE (BLDG.)-MTV-## (BLDG.)-HTV-## RED (BLDG.)-HTV-## (BLDG.)-STV-## PINK (BLDG.)-CNDV-## (BLDG.)-GASV-## GRAY (BLDG.)-CAV-## PURPLE (BLDG.)-VACV-##

BACKGROUND AND LETTERING COLORS GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING

GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING

GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING

REFER TO ANSI/ASME STANDARDS GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERING GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERING YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERING BLUE BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING

NOTE: Valve Tags need to comply with ANSI standards. Pipe Labels should be near valve to identify pipe content. *There are no standards for Drains. Follow ANSI Standards for background and letter colors; abbreviations may vary by facility.

MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed: • to indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label RIGHT: Label • to be visible from the point of normal approach placement in • near valves, flanges & changes in pipe direction relation to point of • both sides of ceiling, wall or floor penetrations normal approach • at any line entry or re-entry point • on straight pipe runs in intervals sufficient for identification • every 25 ft to 50 ft is typical* • Ammonia Only: minimum of 1 per area through which the refrigeration piping passes *Every 40 feet for Ammonia pipe marking


RIGHT: Orientation of labels



19

(19 - 32 mm) (38 - 51 mm) (64 - 152 mm) (203 - 254 mm) (Over 254 mm)


(203 mm) (203 mm) (305 mm) (610 mm) (813 mm)

.5" .75" 1.25" 2.5" 3.5"

(13 mm) (19 mm) (32 mm) (64 mm) (89 mm)


The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides a suggested standard used to label pipes with additional information. This guide is for general information purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards. © 2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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WATER TREATMENT PIPE MARKING GUIDE Suggested standards for wastewater and water treatment facilities.

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT COLOR CODING TYPE OF PIPE/USE OF PIPE

COLOR OF PIPE

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART*


Outside Pipe Diameter Including Covering

Sludge Lines Raw Sludge

Brown w/ black band

Sludge recirculation or suction

Brown w/ yellow band

Sludge draw off

Brown w/ orange band

Sludge recirculation discharge

Brown

Gas Lines Sludge Gas

Orange (or red)

Natural Gas

Orange (or red) w/ black band

Water Lines Nonpotable Water

Blue w/ black band

Potable Water

Blue

Water for heating digestors or buildings

Blue w/ 6" red band (150 mm) space 30" apart (760 mm)

.75" - 1.25" 1.5" - 2" 2.5" - 6" 8" - 10" Over 10"

(19 - 32 mm) (38 - 51 mm) (64 - 152 mm) (203 - 254 mm) (Over 254 mm)


(203 mm) (203 mm) (305 mm) (610 mm) (813 mm)

.5" .75" 1.25" 2.5" 3.5"

(13 mm) (19 mm) (32 mm) (64 mm) (89 mm)


WATER TREATMENT PLANT COLOR CODING TYPE OF PIPE/USE OF PIPE COLOR OF PIPE Water Lines Raw Water

Olive Green

Settled or clarified water

Aqua Dark Blue Orange

Other Lines Chlorine

Yellow

Finished or potable water

Sulfur Dioxide

Yellow w/ red band

Sewage (wastewater)

Gray

Chemical Lines Alum or primary coagulant

Compressed Air

Green

Ammonia

White

Carbon Slurry

Black

Caustic

Yellow w/ green band

Chlorine gas or solution

Yellow

Fluoride

Light Blue w/ red band

Lime Slurry

Light Green

Ozone

Yellow w/ orange band

Phosphate compounds

Light Green w/ red band

Polymers or coagulant aids

Orange w/ green band

Potassium Permanganate

Violet

Soda Ash

Light Green w/ orange band

Sulfuric Acid

Yellow w/ red band

Sulfur Dioxide

Light Green w/ yellow band

Waste Lines Backwash Waste

Light Brown

Sludge

Dark Brown

MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed: • to indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label • to be visible from the point of normal approach • near valves, flanges & changes in pipe direction • both sides of ceiling, wall or floor penetrations • at any line entry or re-entry point • on straight pipe runs • every 25 ft to 50 ft

LEFT: Label placement in relation to point of normal approach

Sewer (sanitary or other) Orientation of labels Other Lines Compressed Air

Dark Green

Gas

Red

Other Pipes

Light Gray

LEFT: Orientation of labels

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Dark Gray

*Pipe Marker location and size chart are based on ANSI/ ASME standards. This guide is for general information purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards. © 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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20

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Pipe-Marking Best Practice Guide

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