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Sonata in C minor (Pathetique), Op 13 The title Pathetique Pathetique was given to this sonata sonata by the publisher. His justification is that nothing so powerful and so full of tragic tragi c passion had hitherto been dreamt of in pianoforte music. The sonata has three movements: 1.
Grave
(Slowly, with solemnity) Allegro di molto e con brio (Quickly, with much vigour)
2. Adagio cantabile (Slowly, in a singing style) 3. Rondo: Allegro (Quickly)
The Grave introduction which has been interpreted as a series of ever more urgent questions is followed by an answer in the guise of a lively Allegro di molto e con brio. The dynamic first subject contrasts markedly with the slow introduction: starting out from the middle C, the melody rises through two octaves in a series of chords before returning to the opening note, supported throughout by tremolo octaves in the left hand. In the second subject group the melody passes from bass to treble and, as in the first subject, often begins on an unstressed beat. The most original passage in this opening movement is the development section, in which the tension is slowly increased. Parts of the Grave introduction recur before the recapitulation and also before the coda. The slow second movement, an Adagio cantabile in A flat major, is ternary in form, with a contrastive central section in the minor. The magical lyrical theme of this movement is underpinned by a polyphonic accompaniment, which involving up to four different voices, guarantees the movements consummate beauty. As the Beethoven scholar Jurgen Uhde has written: This theme is so beautiful and perfect in its melodic invention that it cannot really develop further. The ideas which appear alongside it are by no means equal in status but of a subsidiary order, while the listener waits above all for this beautiful shape to reappear. For the final movement, a rondo marked Allegro, Beethoven takes up thematic material from the two preceding movements - yet another characteristic feature of his style.
Impromptu no.3 in G, Op. 51
Frédéric Chopin's Impromptu No. 3 in G-flat major, Op. 51, for piano, was published in February 1843. It was the last in order of composition of his four impromptus, but the third published.The piece is written in 12/8 time.
