Many Filipinos took refuge in Europe and initiated in Spain a crusade for reforms refor ms in the Philippines. The immergence of more Filipino illustrados gave birth to a unified nationalist movement. This campaign was known in our history as the Propaganda Pr opaganda Movement.
the nature of the reform movement The middle class denounced Spanish abuses and asked Spain to make the Philippines a province of Spain. The reformists believed that the Filipinos would be better off if they were to become Spanish citizens enjoying all the rights and privileges of the latter. The assimilation of the Philippines was to be published in a peaceful manner.
Reforms: Equality of the Filipinos and Spaniards before the law Filipino representative to the Spanish Cortes Secularization of Philippine parishes and the expulsion of the friars. Human rights for the Filipinos Freedom of speech freedom of the press Freedom to meet/assembly Petition for redress grievances
Del Pilar A lawyer and journalist from Bulacan During Pintakasi (cockfighting day) he spoke out to the crowd by satirizing corrupt officials and friars. He sought to reached to people through his pen. He wrote anti-friar pamphlets in simple yet forceful Tagalog. He helped established the first bilingual newspaper, Diaryong Tagalog He became the editor in the Tagalog section.
Cont. He released Dasalan at Tocsohan, a manual of anti-clerical commentary in the format of a novena. He parodied Lord’s Prayer, Hail Mary, Apostles creed, Ten Commandments, Act of Contrition. Del Pilar’s stay in the country became dangerous. His house was burned mysteriously
He left the country in October 1888 to escape persecution.
Lopez-Jaena He wrote Fray Botod/Friar fatbelly in 1874. Looked like hungry mosquito and soon became stout because of the stocks taken from people. Because of his anti-clerical literature, he moved Madrid where he joined other Filipino expatriates into journalism.
Rizal Calamba, Laguna 1882, he went to Madrid to study medicine Socio-historical novel Noli Me tangere in 1887. Noli reflected the defects of the Spanish rule in the Philippines, particularly the abuses of the friars. The impact of the reading in the Philippines was so intense that it was prohibited in the Philippines.
Other great Filipino reformist: Perdo A. Paterno, lawyer Antonio Luna, pharmacist and essayist Pedro Serrano Laktaw, teacher-tutor of Prince Alfonso Isabelo de los Reyes, folklorist and newspaperman Juan Luna, painter (spoliarium) Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo, painter
La Solidaridad “Sol”/newspaper/feb. 15, 1889 Solidarity/purely Filipino organization Established in Barcelona on December 31,c 1888. To make known the objectives of the Propaganda. It was printed in Barcelona from Feb to Oct 1889
“sol” contributors M.H. Del Pilar - Plaridel Rizal – Dimas Alang, Laong Laan Mariano Ponce – Naning, Kalipulako, Tigbalang Antonio Luna – Taga-Ilog
Ferdinand Blumentritt Miguel Morayta – Rizal’s professor in University of Madrid
THE AIMS OF LA SOLIDARIDAD
To collect, gather libertarian ideas which are manifested daily in the field of politics, science, art, literature, commerce, agriculture, and industry. To discuss all problems relating to the general interest of the nation To seek solutions to those problems in high-level and democratic manner.
DEL PILAR:
The removal of the friars and the secularization of the parishes. Active participation in the affairs of the government. Freedom of speech, of the press, and of the assembly A wider social and political freedom Equality before the law
Masonry Helped them in their fight for reforms
Revolucion – 1st Filipino Masonic lodge founded by Jaena in Barcelona. Lodge Solidaridad – in Madrid
Lodge Nilad – wanted a dignified, free and prosperous country with a democratic regime and genuine and effective autonomy, a good government They wanted reforms, representation in the Spanish Cortes
Cont. Declaration of the country as a Spanish country With all rights and obligations. As of May 1893, the masonic lodges in the country numbered 35, nine of which were in the city of Manila. They also accepted women as members. Rosario Villaruel – 1st woman to be accepted as member on July 18, 1893. Other female members include; Trinidad Rizal, Romualda Ranuza, Josefa Rizal, Marina
La Liga Filipina Founded by Rizal on July 30, 1892 at the residence of Doroteo Ongjunco in Ilaya, Tondo, Manila. Ambrosio Salvador as President Deodado Arellano –Vice Bonifacio Arellano – treasurer Agustin Dela Rosa - fiscal
La liga… Sort of a mutual aid and self-help society, dispensing scholarship funds and legal aids, loaning capital and setting up cooperatives. Unus Instar Omnium (one like all) Served as an avowal of their ideals.
Objectives: Unification of the whole archipelago into one compact Vigorous and homogenous body Protection in cases of want and necessity Defense against violence and injustices
Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce Study and implementation of reforms
Most important reforms of the association Compulsory teaching of Spanish in all schools Suppression of inhuman punishment in all jails and tribunals of justice Establishment of the civil register and the register of deeds Abolition of the diezmos prediales and the sanctorum Establishments of secondary schools in 2 or 3 provinces of the archipelago Reforms in the University of Sto. Tomas in order to raise it to the rank of the universities in Spain Establishment of agricultural banks
This situation alarmed the Spanish authority. On July 6, 1892, Rizal was secretly arrested by order of Governor General Despujol and subsequently imprisoned at Fort Santiago. The following day, he was deported to Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte for his allegedly subversive material.
Evaluation Do you think the Propaganda Movement made progress in our struggle for freedom? Cite examples.
