UNIVERZITET U TUZLI – MAŠINSKI FAKULTET
Regulacija temperature temperature Seminarski rad
Predmet:
Fleksiil!a Aut"matika I
Ime i prezime:
E#i! Mu$e#i!"%i&
Broj indeksa: Odsjek:
III'()*+, Me$atr"!ika
Tuzla, Februar 2017
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Sa#r-aj
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Po$led Po$led na %ab"ie& %ab"ie& ' '
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Osno"ni Osno"ni kon)epti kon)epti %*B+ie& %*B+ie&a a -
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Inter.ejs Inter.ejs %*B+ie& %*B+ie&a a / /
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o$un o$unost ostii pred prednos nosti ti i nedost nedostat)i at)i %ab"ie %ab"ie&a &a
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Prednosti Prednosti %ab"ie&a %ab"ie&a / /
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Izrada Izrada prakti prakti3no 3no$ $ mode modela la i po"ezi" po"ezi"anj anjee sa %ab+I4 %ab+I45 5om om 10 10
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6aklju3ak 6aklju3ak 1' 1'
%iteratura1-
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."pis slika Slika 1 Prednji panel panel ' ' Slika 2 Blok dija$ram dija$ram Slika ( 4lektri3na sema sema 11 11 Slika # Fizi3ki iz$led sistema sis tema 12 12 Slika ' Blok dija$ram pro$rama za re$ula)iju temperature tempera ture1( 1( Slika - 8ija$ram odzi"a termootpornika za razli3ite temperature1#
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+/ / U%"# 9la" 9la"ni ni )ilj )ilj labora laborato torij rijsk ski i "je "jebi bi iz podr podru3 u3ja ja "irt "irtua ualn lnee inst instrum rument enta) a)ije ije je upozna"anje s na3inom kori;tenja kompjutera za prikupljanje mjerni podataka i nakim zamkama i $re;kama koje se mo$u do$oditi tijekom to$ postupka 8odatno je "ano da u3enik iz"r;i odre
pozna"anje kon)epta kompjutersko$ susta"a kao ;to s u .ile, poranji"anje .ileo"a, direktiriji, ispis itd
pozna"anje 9!Ta >9rapi)al !ser Inter.a)e? te kori;tenje mi;a i tipko"ni)e
na$lasak je dat na tenike prikupljanja podataka a ne na @ lijepom @ pro$ramiranju u %ab+I4 %ab+I45u 5u >"ano >"ano je dobra dobra oba"it oba"itii posao posao prikup prikupljan ljanja ja podatak podatakaa a ne ele$ant ele$antnos nostt postupka?
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(/ / ."g ."gle le# # !a !a La LaVI VIE0 E0 %ab+I45 %ab+I45 je u potpunosti potpunosti $ra.i3ki pro$ram koji iz$leda iz$leda poput poput )rtea elektroni3ke elektroni3ke seme s jedne strane i stila elektri3ki mjerni ure
blok dia$ram? i prednje plo3e >.ront panel? %ab+I45 %ab+I45 je ijerarijski ijerarijski pro$ram pro$ram u tom smislu da se bilo koji "irtualni instrument instrument >bilo koja koja potpun potpunaa .unk)i .unk)ion onalna alna )jelina )jelina nazi"a nazi"a se "irtua "irtualni lni instrum instrument ent te se $oto"o $oto"o u"ijek u"ijek ozna ozna3a 3a"a "a kao kao +I? +I? koji koji se pro$ pro$ram ramira ira moe moe brzo brzo pret pret"o "orit ritii u modu modull koji koji moe moe biti biti potpro$ram dru$o$ +I To je u potpunosti analo$no kon)eptu pro$ramiranja kod kon"en)ionalni pro$ramski jezika %ab+I45 je dizajniran osim to$a tako da se moe pro;iri"ati o$u se doda"ati moduli pomou razli3iti sredsta"a Proiz"osub+I? i ne razlikuju se od +I osim ;to je ;u3elje odre
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,/ 1s!"%! 1s!"%!ii k"!ce k"!cepti pti LaVIE LaVIE0 0a
Aontrole mo$u imati mno;t"o oblika no$i od ti oblika su "irtualne DslikeE realni kontrol A a koje se koriste kod st"arni instrumenata kao rotirajui $umb >knob? na primjer Ostali imaju di$italni kon)ept S"e kontrole imaju neku "rstu "izualne in.orma)ije na osno"u koje korisnik u"ijek zna u kojem se stanje nalaze To jako pomae jer se ne mora pri pro$ramiranje ekspli)itno pro$ramirati i stanje pojedine kontrole 8ru$o "rlo korisno s"ojst"o kontrola je to da se moe odrediti njio"a reak)ija ukoliko je posta"ljena ulazna ulazna "rijed "rijednos nostt nestab nestabilan ilana a ! spe)i.i spe)i.i3no 3nom m slu3aju slu3aju,, ukolik ukoliko o ulazna ulazna kontro kontrola la moe moe poprimiti samo )jelobrojne "rijednosti u opse$u od 0 do 10 moe se spe)i.i)irati ;to se treba do$oditi ukoliko se unese ulazna "rijednost (,' ili 1 ili DnulaE >zero? kao tekstualna
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Indi Indika kato tori ri imaju imaju mno; mno;t" t"o o razli razli3it 3iti i obli oblika ka =eki =eki od nji nji su pres preslik lik st"arn st"arni i indikatora >instrumenata i sl? a neki su dizajnirani prikladnije za zaslon ra3unala Aon)ept indikat indikatora ora uklju3uje uklju3uje $ra.o" $ra.o"ee >$rap >$raps? s? i prikaz prikazee >)arts >)arts?? ;to je dru$a dru$a "ana "ana u;teda u;teda u "remenu jer se ti pokazi"a3ki elementi ne moraju dizajnirati zasebno Slika 12 Blok dija$ram >sl 2? predsta"lja pozadinu nje$o"e prednje plo3e koji prikazuje kako su s"e kontro kontrole le i indikat indikatori ori po"ezan po"ezanii me
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st"ar do$o"ora Pro$ramske petlje i redoslijed kojim se od"ijaju naredbe od"ija se pomou struktura koje iz$ledaju poput knji$a s broje"ima strani)a ili kao odsje3)i .ilmske trake
2/ / I!ter I!ter3e 3ejs js LaV LaVIE IE0 0a Slijedi Slijedi "rlo "rlo kratki kratki pre$le pre$led d su3elja su3elja %ab+I4 %ab+I45 5a =ee se prijei prijei s"im s"im mo$uim mo$uim mo$unostima "e samo naj3e;im 8ok se 3ita o"aj dio potrebno je sjesti uz ra3unalo i prakti3ki us"ojiti i razumjeti postupak rada sa su3eljem %ab+I45a %ab+I45a %ab+I45 se pozi"a sa Start Pro$rams=ational Instruments %ab+I45 >ili ukoliko je ikona %ab+I45a na zaslonu kompjutera moe se pokrenuti %ab+I45 d"ostrukim ;kljo)anjem na tu ikonu? =akon ot"aranja pro$rama zaslon kompjutera iz$leda poput sl 1( Aliknite na padajui izbornik uz =e&Ji izaberite Blank +IJ Poja"it e se prazna prednja plo3a "irtualno$ instrumenta >si"a po"r;ina? i u pozadini prozor blok dija$rama >bijela po"r;ina?
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dizajniranje prednje plo3e dok "elika ikona u $ornjem desnom kutu slui za predsta"ljanje 3ita"e prednje plo3e kad izra
4/ M"gu&!"sti5 M"gu&!"sti5 pre#!"sti pre#!"sti i !e#"staci !e#"staci pr"grama pr"grama LaVIE0 LaVIE0
Pomou %ab+I45a se moe upra"ljati sistemom i "r;iti prikaz rezultata preko interakti"no$ $ra.i3ko$ .ront panela =a raspola$anju su brojne op)ije za manipulisanje poda)ima smje;tanje podataka na disk ili direktno u bazu podataka, mreno po"ezi"anje izme
Prikupljanje podataka i kontrola se "r;i pomou ak"izi)ioni i upra"lja3ki modula Poda)i se mo$u zabiljeiti u .ileo"ima >*SII, binarni, J? ili u bazi podataka Tako
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6/ .re# .re#!" !"st stii LaVIE LaVIE0' 0'aa
%ab+i %ab+ie& e& je orijent orijentisan isan prema prema mjernim mjernim sistemim sistemimaa i indust industrij rijsko skojj kontrol kontroli i Ima "eliki broj $oto"i biblioteka za mjerenje, obradu i analizu podataka O"o olak;a"a i ubrza"a raz"oj aplika)ija sa .aktorom # do 10 puta Kednosta"niji pro$rami za ak"izi)iju se mo$u napra"iti u roku od samo nekoliko minuta Tako
Aada aplika)ija zatije"a izmjene, %ab+I45o" sistem "irtualne instrumenta)ije omo$ua"a modi.ika)ije bez naba"ke no"e opreme i bez no"i ula$anja Primjenjujui %ab+I45 %ab+I45 sistem, s"aki korisnik ima pristup pristup kompletno kompletnojj laboratoriji laboratoriji "irtualne mjerne instrumenta)ije, po znatno nioj )ijeni ne$o kon"en)ionalni instrumenti Tako
%ab+I45 sadri, osim pro$ramsko$ jezika 9, i okruenja za izradu korisni3ko$ inter.ejsa i "eliki broj $oto"i primjera, biblioteka, dri"era, zatim okruenje za izradu projekta, )ompiler i automatsku izradu instala)ione "erzije pro$rama, sa "elikim brojem parametara koje korisnik moe posta"iti kako eli O"o omo$ua"a korisniku jednosta"nu izradu pro.esionalni aplika)ija za tree li)e koje nema %ab+ie& okruenje +eliki broj %ab+I45o"iaddon so.t"erski paketa omo$ua"a realiza)iju kompleksni zadataka,
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7/ I8ra#a prakti9!"g prakti9!"g m"#ela m"#ela i p"%e8i%a!je p"%e8i%a!je sa LaVIE0 LaVIE0'"m '"m
6adatak seminarsko$ rada je bila izrada prakti3no$ modela sistema za re$la)iju temperature, te nje$o"o po"ezi"anje sa *rduino mikrokontrolerom i %ab+I45om
6a izradu prakti3no$ modela kori;tene su sljedee komponente:
Termo rmootponik % %(', +entil ntilat ator orii od od '+ i 12+ 12+,, Sijali)a 7' 7' 5, eleji
Termoo rmootp tpor orni nik k je otpo otporn rnik ik 3iji 3iji se elek elektr tri3 i3ni ni otpo otporr sman smanju juje je po"e po"ea anj njem em temepra temepratur ture e Termoo ermootpo tporni rnik k se izra
elej je napra"a koja se koristi za prekidanje ili usposta"ljanje strujno$ kru$a putem elektroma$neta koji ot"ara i zat"ara strujne kontakte 4lektroma$net se obi3no obi3no sastoji od mno$obrojni namotaja bakrene i)e na eljeznom jez$ru Aada struja te3e kroz i)u >primarno strujno kolo?, oko elektroma$neta se st"ara ma$netno polje koje pri"la3i eljeznu kot"u Aot"a nosi na sebi elektri3ne kontakte, koji onda ot"araju ili zat"araju sekundarno strujno kolo >strujni kru$?
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4lektri3na sema po"ezi"anja komponenti prikazana je na sli)i (
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Fizi3ki iz$led sistema dat je na sli)i #
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termootpornik Aada temperatura pređe $rani)u od 2- stepeni "rsi se isklju3i"anje isklju3i"anje releja i "entilatora i temperatura ulazi u podru3je idealne temperature koja se prikazuje pomou Boolea Booleana na 48I! 48I! Aada Aada temepr temepratu atura ra se po"ea po"ea iznad iznad (0 stepena stepena "r ši se la đenje termootpornika pomou "entilatora koji je spojen na di$italni pin 7 kao i paljenje Booleana TOP%O TOP%O =je$o" zadatak se o$leda o$leda u upui"anju upui"anju ladno$ ladno$ zraka na termootporn termootpornik ik %(' %(' Aada Aada tempera temperatur turaa padne padne ispod (0 stepeni stepeni temperatu temperatura ra opet opet
ulazi ulazi u podru3 podru3je je idealne idealne
temperature koja se prikazuje pomou Booleana 48I! ' Iz$led bloka dija$rama je prikazan na sli)i '
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Slika 2/ 8ija$ram odzi"a termootpornika za razli3ite temperature
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:/ Zakl aklju9 ju9ak
Pro$ram %ab+I45 predsta"lja snaan alat, koji, pored to$a ;to dopu;ta simula)iju razli3iti pro)esa mjerenja, tako
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Literatura
8eni, 8eni, 8 B >2007? >2007? Računarski mernoinformacioni sistemi u industriji - praktikum za vežbe. =i;: vežbe. =i;: 4lektronski .akultet
ileta, 8 >200/? Virtualna Virtualna instrumentcija. 6a$reb: instrumentcija. 6a$reb: Institut u