National conference on DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION SYSTEM , MAY 2015 .
SCADA TECNOLO!Y MANISA CA"DA#Y, A#NI "NIVE#SITY, $AN!#A, INDIA
C%a&'%ar()ani*%a2010+)ail.co)
Abstract:SCADA –SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION:
T%i* -a-er i* e*tali*% for intro'&cin ao&t t%e SCADA Tec%nolo(. SCADA )ean *&-er/i*or( control an' 'ata ac&i*ition *(*te). T%at SCADA i* t%e t(-e of *oftare, t%at ill co)e o&t into -roce** after in*tallin it into t%e co)-&ter PC3 .T%at SCADA tec%nolo( ill totall( 'e-en' &-on t%e o-erator, t%e or4in *4ill *%o&l' e 4non ( o-erator for ettin e-ecte' o&t-&t .A* t%e na)e in'icate* it i* a f&ll control *(*te), t%at foc&*e* on t%e *&-er/i*or( le/el )ean* t%at tec%nolo( totall( 'e-en'* &-on t%e co)-&ter .6( &*in t%at tec%nolo( e can ea*il( control t%e lare *cale in'&*trie* an't%e -oer %o&*e*. A* *&c%, iti* -&rel( *oftare -ac4ae t%at i* -o*itione' on to- of %ar'are to %ic% it i* interface', in eneral /ia Prora))ale Loic Controller* PLC7S3, or ot%er co))ercial %ar'are )o'&le*. Conte)-orar( SCADA *(*te)* e%iit -re'o)inantl( o-en8loo- control c%aracteri*tic* an' &tili9e -re'o)inantl( lon 'i*tance co))&nication*, alt%o&% *o)e ele)ent* or clo*e'8loo- control an':or *%ort 'i*tance co))&nication* )a( al*o e -re*ent. It i* -roce** control *oftare t%at re)otel( at%er* ;real ti)e 'ata< &*e' in )an&fact&rin to ac&ire )ea*&re)ent* of -roce** /ariale* an' )ac%ine *tate*, an' for -erfor)in re&lator( or )ac%ine control. SCADA i* &*e' in in'&*trie* *-eciall( for controllin, teleco))&nication in'&*tr(, tran*-ort in'&*trie*, /entilation, coolin an' for 'i*tri&tion -&r-o*e etc8etc.
INTRODUCTION:SCADA *&-er/i*or( control an' 'ata ac&i*ition3 i* a t(-e of in'&*trial control *(*te) ICS3. A *&-er/i*or( co)-&ter3 *(*te), at%erin ac&irin3 'ata on t%e -roce** an' *en'in co))an'* control3 to t%e -roce** In'&*trial control *(*te)* are co)-&ter controlle' *(*te)* t%at )onitor an' control in'&*trial -roce**e* t%at ei*t in t%e -%(*ical orl'. SCADA *(*te)* %i*toricall( 'i*tin&i*% t%e)*el/e* fro) ot%er ICS *(*te)* ( ein lare *cale -roce**e* t%at can incl&'e )<i-le *ite*, an' lare 'i*tance*.=1> T%e*e -roce**e* incl&'e in'&*trial, infra*tr&ct&re, an' facilit(8a*e' -roce**e*, a* 'e*crie' a* ? #e)ote ter)inal &nit* #T"*3 connectin to *en*or* in t%e -roce**, con/ertin *en*or *inal* to 'iital 'ata an' *en'in 'iital 'ata to t%e *&-er/i*or( *(*te). Prora))ale loic controller PLC*3 &*e' a* @el' 'e/ice* eca&*e t%e( are )ore econo)ical, /er*atile, eile, an' con@&rale t%an *-ecial8-&r-o*e #T"*.C00BAo))&nication infra*tr&ct&re connectin t%e *&-er/i*or( *(*te) to t%e re)ote ter)inal &nit*. Vario&* -roce** an' anal(tical
in*tr&)entation .A %&)an)ac%ine interface or MI i* t%e a--arat&* or 'e/ice %ic% -re*ent* -roce** 'ata to a %&)an o-erator, an' t%ro&% t%i*, t%e %&)an o-erator )onitor* an' control* t%e *(*te).
i. SCADA *(*te) )o'el T%at SCADA a*icall( &*e' for t%e control* of ancillar( *(*te)* *&c% a* coolin, /entilation, -oer 'i*tri&tion, etc. More recentl( t%e( ere al*o a--lie' for t%e control* of *)aller *i9e -article 'etector* *&c% a* t%e L )&on 'etector an' t%e NAFG. SCADA *(*te)* %a/e )a'e *&*tantial -rore** o/er t%e recent (ear* in ter)* of f&nctionalit(, *calailit(, -erfor)ance an' o-enne** *&c% t%at t%e( are an alternati/e to in %o&*e 'e/elo-)ent e/en for /er( 'e)an'in an' co)-le control *(*te)* a* t%o*e of -%(*ic* e-eri)ent*.
WHAT DOES SCADA MEAN? SCADA *tan'* for S&-er/i*or( Control an' Data Ac&i*ition, %ere *&-er/i*or( )ean co)-&ter an' ac&i*ition )ean at%erin 'ata fro) t%e en/iron)ent. 6a*icall( it i* a co)-&ter *(*te) for at%erin an' anal(9in ;real ti)e 'ata< SCADA *(*te)* are &*e' to )onitor an' control a -lant or e&i-)ent in in'&*trie*. SCADA *(*te)* are &*e' not onl( in in'&*trial -roce**e*? e.. *teel )a4in, -oer eneration con/entional an' n&clear3 an' 'i*tri&tion, c%e)i*tr(, &t al*o in *o)e e-eri)ental facilitie* *&c% a* n&clear f&*ion. T%e *i9e of a -lant rane* fro) fe 1000 to *e/eral t%o&*an' to 10 t%o&*an' in-&t:o&t-&t I:O3 c%annel*. SCADA *(*te)* &*e' to r&n on DOS, VMS, an' "NIH in recent (ear* all SCADA /en'or* %a/e )o/e' to NT an' *o)e al*o to Lin&.
ARCHITECTURE:1. Hardware Architectre:- One 'i*tin&i*%e* to a*ic la(er* in a SCADA *(*te)? t%e ;client la(er< %ic% cater* for )an )ac%ine interaction an' t%e ;'ata
*er/er la(er< %ic% %an'le* )o*t of t%e -roce** 'ata control acti/itie*. T%e 'ata *er/er* co))&nicate it% 'e/ice* in t%e @el' t%ro&% -roce** controller* %ic% are connecte' to 'ata *er/er*.
!. S"#tware Architectre:-T%e -ro'&ct* are )<i8ta*4in an' are a*e' &-on a real8ti)e 'ataa*e #TD63 locate' in one or )ore *er/er*. Ser/er* are re*-on*ile for 'ata ac&i*ition an' %an'lin e.. -ollin controller*, alar) c%ec4in, calc&lation*, loin an' arc%i/in3 on a *et of -ara)eter*, t(-icall( t%o*e t%e( are &*e' for controllin.
$UNCTIONA%IT&: 1. A'ar(s a)d E*e)t M")it"ri)+:- A SCADA *(*te) )&*t e ale to 'etect, 'i*-la(, an' lo alar)* an' e/ent*. J%en t%ere are -role)* t%e SCADA *(*te) )&*t notif( t%e o-erator* to ta4e correcti/e action. Alar)* an' e/ent )&*t e recor'e' *o t%at enineer* an' -rora))er* can re/ie t%e alar)* to 'eter)ine %at ca&*e' t%e alar) an' -re/ent t%e) %a--enin aain. More co)-licate' e-re**ion* can e 'e/elo-e' ( creatin 'eri/e' -ara)eter* on %ic% *tat&* or li)it c%ec4in i* t%en -erfor)e'. T%e alar)* are loicall( %an'le' centrall(, i.e. t%e infor)ation onl( ei*t* in one -lace an' all &*er* *ee t%e *a)e *tat&*, an' )<i-le alar) -riorit( le/el* are *&--orte'.
!. Data Ac,isiti"):8 SCADA )&*t e ale to rea' 'ata fro) PLC* an' ot%er %ar'are an' t%en to anal(9e an' ra-%icall( -re*ent t%at 'ata to t%e &*er. SCADA *(*te)* )&*t e ale to rea' an' rite )<i-le *o&rce* of 'ata. . Oerat"r I)ter#ace:8 A SCADA *(*te) collect* all of t%e infor)ation ao&t a -roce**. T%e SCADA *(*te)* t%en nee' to 'i*-la( t%i* 'ata to t%e o-erator *o t%at t%e( can co)-re%en' %at i* oin on it% t%e -roce**. /. N") Rea' Ti(e C")tr"': 8 or *i)-le control re&ire)ent*, t%e SCADA *(*te) *%o&l' e ale to control in*tea' of a PLC. or an(t%in ot%er t%an *i)-li*tic control e -refer a PLC to 'o t%e real ti)e control it% SCADA 'oin t%e non real ti)e control. T%e SCADA *(*te) i* t%e )e'i&) eteen t%e o-erator an' t%e real ti)e controller.
0. Data ases A)d Data %"++i)+:8 Mo*t a--lication* re&ire reci-e*, 'ata loin, an' ot%er )ean* of rea'in an' ritin 'ataa*e*. SCADA *(*te)* can lo incre'ile a)o&nt* of 'ata to 'i*4 for later re/ie. T%i* i* %el-f&l for *ol/in -role)* a* ell a* -ro/i'in infor)ation to i)-ro/e t%e -roce**. 2. Use O# MMI:8 SCADA &*e* MMI to -re*ent t%e 'ata ac&ire fro) t%e -roce** to allo t%e -roce** o-eration to e *&-er/i*e' e.. *tart:*to- or c%anin *et -oint*. SCADA -ro/i'e* MMI f&nction* *&c% a*? Mi)ic*8a ra-%ical re-re*entation of t%e -roce** it% '(na)icall( &- 'ate' /al&e* Tren'*8ra-%* of /ariale* aain*t *electe' ti)e -erio'* #e-ort*8allo* -roce** /ariale* to e *&))ari9e' on a
-erio' a*i* Alar)*8t%e( al*o *&--ort t%e conce-t of a ;eneric< ra-%ical oKect it% lin4* to -roce** /ariale7*.
3. %"++i)+4Archi*i)+:8 Loin i* t%e )e'i&) ter) *torae of 'ata on t%e 'i*4, %ere a* arc%i/in i* t%e lon ter) *torae of 'ata on 'i*4 or an( ot%er -er)anent *torae )e'i&). Loin of 'ata can e -erfor)e' at a *et fre&enc(, or onl( initiate' if t%e /al&e c%ane* or %en a *-eci@c -re'e@ne' e/ent occ&r*. T%e loe' 'ata i* ti)e *ta)-e' an' can e @ltere' %en /iee' ( t%e &*er.
5. Re"rt 6e)erati"):8One can -ro'&ce re-ort* &*in SL t(-e &erie* to t%e arc%i/e, #TD6 or lo*. Alt%o&% it i* *o)eti)e* -o**ile to e)e' EHCEL c%art* in t%e re-ort. acilitie* ei*t to e a&to)aticall( enerate', -rint an' arc%i/e re-ort*. 7. At"(ati"):8 T%e )aKorit( of t%e -ro'&ct* allo action* to e a&to)aticall( triere' ( e/ent*. Scri-tin lan&ae* -ro/i'e' ( t%e SCADA -ro'&ct* allo t%e*e action* to e 'e@ne'. T%e conce-t* of recei-t* i* *&--orte', %ere( a -artic&lar *(*te) con@&ration can e *a/e' to a @le an' t%en re8loa'e' at a latter 'ate. Se&encin i* al*o *&--orte' it i* -o**ile to eec&te a )ore co)-le *e&ence of action* on one or )ore 'e/ice*. Se&ence* )a( al*o react to eternal e/ent*. DE8E%O9MENT WITH THE HE%9 O$ SCADA? SCADA *(*te) ere 'e/elo-e' for at%erin 'ata fro) far an' i'e &*in -oor &alit( co))an' an' -ro/i'in %i% le/el* of reliailit( an' o-erailit(. !i/en t%e ra-i' e-an*ion of co))&nication *(*te)*,*atellite, cell&lar, @er, )icroa/e etc3an' t%e increa*in -roce**in -oer a/ailale at *ite. J%en t%e 'ata at%erin, interit( an' /ali'ation* re&ire)ent* of SCADA can e )et ( co))onl( &*e' for IT *(*te)*, t%en t%ere ill e e/en f&rt%er con/erence. SCADA *(*te) can e K&*ti@e' co*t, &t t%e reall( i -a(o i* to re'&ce t%e ca-ital in/e*t)ent. In )an( ca*e* t%e a--lication* t%at r&n at t%at le/el are eco)in )ore i)-ortant t%an t%e &*er *t&. oe/er a--lication* li4e atc% trac4in an' lea4 'etection are SCADA a'/antae*.
O9ERATION O$ SCADA: S&-er/i*or( control an' 'ata ac&i*ition SCADA3 tec%nolo( collect* real8ti)e 'ata fro) /irt&all( an( en/iron)ent %ere t%ere i* a nee' to )onitor )ac%iner( or -roce**e*, )a4e a'K&*t)ent* a*e' on )ea*&rale con'ition*, )ea*&re 'on ti)e, or re&late -roce**e* to a/oi' co*tl( -role)*. T%e co)-&ter8a*e' tec%nolo( a* 'e*ine' to 'o all t%e t%in* it% little %&)an in/ol/e)ent. ro) a central rea'in location, a SCADA *(*te) can )onitor a n&)er of re)ote *ite* e&i--e' it% #T"*. T%e #T"* )ea*&re* /ario&* con'ition* an' -ara)eter*, incl&'in tan4 le/el*, te)-erat&re, /oltae, c&rrent, /ol&)e, an' o. T%e &nit re-ort* t%e 'ata ac4 to t%e CP", carr(in o&t t%e nece**ar( anal(*i* an' co*t f&nction*. A''itionall(, SCADA tec%nolo( -er*onal of c&rrent or -otential alar) *it&ation*, alloin an
o-erator to an' @ne t&ne a -roce**. Control can e a&to)atic or initiate' ( o-erator co))an'*, a*e' on t%e *o-%i*tication of t%e in'i/i'&al *(*te). T%e tec%nolo( i* i'el( acce-te' a* a reliale an' ecient control *(*te) it%in n&)ero&* in'&*trial )ar4et*.
A99%ICATION O$ SCADA: A t(-ical SCADA a--lication re&ire* *e/eral lo co*t 'i*tri&te' #T"*, controlle' ( a central *tation:)a*ter. Co))on a--lication* for SCADA *(*te)* t(-icall( incl&'e ater an' a*te treat)ent, -etrole&) an' %('ro caron -roce**in, -oer eneration, foo' -roce**in, *teel )an&fact&rin, re)ote teleco))&nication* an' -lant )ac%iner( )aintenance. "nli4e in -lant -roce** control *(*te)*, SCADA *(*te)* t(-icall( incl&'e a re)ote teleco))&nication lin4. #eal8ti)e )ea*&re)ent* an' control* at re)ote *tation* are tran*ferre' to a CP" t%ro&% t%e co))&nication lin4. Lare *(*te)* can )onitor an' control 1082000 re)ote *ite*, it% eac% *ite containin a* )an( a* 2000 I:O -oint*.
AD8ANTA6ES AND DISAD8ANTA6ES O$ SCADA TE CHNO%O6&: Ad*a)ta+es of SCADA *(*te) incl&'e Ji'e area connecti/e an' -er/a*i/e ro&tale -arallel -ollin re'&n'anc( an' %ot *tan' ( lare a''re**in rane* interation of I.T to a&to)ation an' )onitorin net or4* *tan'ar'i9ation re'&ce 'on ti)e li)it t%e fre&enc( of acci'ent* i)-ro/e recor' increa*e t%ro&% -&t.
Disad*a)ta+es of SCADA Tec%nolo( incl&'e IP -erfor)ance o/er %ea' e enale' SCADA %o*t* &*er* to re)otel( )onitor, control re)ote *ite* /ia a e ro*er *ec&rit( concern*. DE8E%O9MENTS IN SCADA: SCADA 000 a* relea*e' to @/e eta *ite* for te*tin an' e/al&ation. A* a re*< of te*tin P%onetic* %a* a''e' *e/eral feat&re* *&c% a* a''itional la''er an' C -rora) f&nction. Teno)ati tec%noloie* ne -ro'&ct i* eM8In*i%t, a 'ata *o&rce ne&tral tolerance )anae)ent an' *tati*tical -roce** control -ro'&ct t%at %el-* )an&fact&rin co)-anie* *%are an' 'i*tri&te -art* in*-ection 'ata t%ro&%o&t t%e orani9ation. Sc%nei'er Electric7* ne Tele)ecani&e ran' "nit( -lat for) of PLC -roce**or* an' a&to)ation *oftare -ro/i'e ne tool* 'e*ine' to en%ance -ro'&cti/it(.
EN6INEERIN6: T%e nee' for -ro-er Enineerin cannot e *&cientl( e)-%a*i9e' to re'&ce' 'e/elo-)ent eort an' to reac% a *(*te) t%at co)-lie* it% t%e re&ire)ent*, t%at i* econo)ical in 'e/elo-)ent an' )aintenance an' i.e., reliale an' ro&*t. T%e Enineerin acti/itie* *-eci@c to t%e &*e of a SCADA *(*te) incl&'e* te)-late* for 'ierent t(-e* of -anel* In*tr&ction* on %o to control a )ec%ani*) to -re/ent conictin control* alar) le/el*, e%a/ior to e a'o-te' in ca*e of *-eci@c alar)*.
E8O%UTION: SCADA /en'or* relea*e one )aKor /er*ion an' one to to a''itional )inor /er*ion* once -er (ear. T%e*e -ro'&ct* e/ol/e t%&* /er( ra-i'l( *o a* to ta4e a'/antae of ne )ar4et o--ort&nitie*, to )eet ne re&ire)ent* of t%eir c&*to)er* an' to ta4e a'/antae of ne tec%noloie* .A* a* alrea'( )entione', )o*t of t%e SCADA -ro'&ct* t%at ere e/al&ate' 'eco)-o*e t%e -roce** in ;ato)ic< -ara)eter* to %ic% a Ta8na)e i* a**ociate'. T%i* i* i)-ractical in t%e ca*e of /er( lare -roce**e* %en /er( lare *et* of Ta* nee' to e con@&re'. A* t%e in'&*trie* a--lication* are increa*in in *i9e, ne SCADA /er*ion* are no ein 'e*ine' to %an'le 'e/ice* an' e/en entire *(*te)* a* f&ll entitie* cla**e*3 t%at enca-*&late all t%eir *-eci@c attri&te* an' f&nctionalit(. In a''ition, t%e( ill al*o *&--ort )<i8 tea) 'e/elo-)ent. A* far a* ne tec%noloie* are concerne', t%e SCADA -ro'&ct* are no a'o-tin? 1 Je tec%nolo(, Acti/eH, a/a, etc. 2 OPC a* a )ean* for co))&nicatin internall( eteen t%e client an' *er/er )o'&le*
CONC%USION:SCADA *(*te)* are &*e' to )onitor an' control a -lant an' e&i-)ent in in'&*trie*. T%e ene@t* one can e-ect fro) a'o-tin a SCADA *(*te) a ric% f&nctionalit( an' eten*i/e 'e/elo-)ent facilitie*. T%e *(*te)* are &*e' to )i**ion critical in'&*trial -roce**e* %ere reliailit( an' -erfor)ance are -ara)o&nt. T%e*e *(*te)* are &*e' to at%er an' anal(9e ;real ti)e 'ata<. #ic% f&nctionalit( an' eten*i/e 'e/elo-)ent facilitie*. T%e a)o&nt of eort in/e*te' in SCADA -ro'&ct a)o&nt* to 50 to 100 -8(ear*Q t%e a)o&nt of *-ecific 'e/elo-)ent t%at nee'* to e -erfor)e' ( t%e en'8&*er i* li)ite', e*-eciall( it% *&itale enineerin. T%e*e *(*te)* are &*e' for )i**ion critical in'&*trial -roce**e* %ere reliailit( an' -erfor)ance are -ara)o&nt. In a''ition, *-eci@c 'e/elo-)ent i* -erfor)e' it%in a ell8e*tali*%e' fra)eor4 t%at en%ance* reliailit( an' ro&*tne** an' tec%nical *&--ort an' )aintenance.
RE$ERENCE:=1> A.Daneel*, J.Salter, ;Tec%nolo( S&r/e( S&))ar( of St&'( #e-ort<, IT8CO:RG80G80R, CE#N, !ene/a 2t% A& 1RRG. =2> A.Daneel*, J.Salter, Selectin an' E/al&ation of Co))ercial SCADA S(*te)* for t%e Control* of
t%e CE#N LC E-eri)ent*, t%i* Conference. => !.6aria&' et al., #eco))en'ation* for t%e "*e of iel'&*e* at CE#N in t%e LC Era, Procee'in* of t%e 1RRB International Conference on Accelerator an' Lare E-eri)ental P%(*ic* Control S(*te)*, 6eiKin, 1RRB, -.2G5. =F> #.6arillere et al., ;#e*<* of t%e OPC E/al&ation 'one it%in t%e COP for t%e Control of t%e LC E-eri)ent*<, t%i* Conference.
