SMALL ARMS PROLIFERATION RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Contents
Contents..................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ............................................ ..................... 2 7.1. Resear Research ch Design....... ................ ................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................. ................. ............ ........ ......... ..... 6 7.2. Population and Sampling.................... ........................................... .............................................. .................................. ........................ ................... ...... 6 7.3. Nature and Sources of Data....................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................... ........................ 7 7.4. Data Collection Procedure....................... .............................................. ............................................................. ...................................... .......... 7 7.5. Data Analysi Analysiss Method....... ............... ................. ................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ........... ........ ........ .... 7 8.2. Proliferation: ....................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ....................... 8 8.3. Crime:...................................................... ............................................................................. .............................................. ................................................. .......................... 8 9. Research Plan..................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. .................................................. ............................... .... 8 Bibliography..................... ............................................ .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ................................... ............ 10
1. Backg Backgro roun und d of the the Stud Study y
The decade long armed conflict has brought a remarkable change in the internal security dynamics of Nepal. Insurgency which erupted with snatching the arms and ammunitions of the civil police developed at its maximum level which included a huge quantity of light as well as heavy weapons from army barracks too. The situation was such that the security forces had the dual responsibility of fighting against the Maoist insurgents and maintaining law and order situation in the country which remained a negligible part. Before conflict, small arms and their use among the civilian population was very rare. People who were either from the elite groups or power were licensed to possess small arms; most of them were for the purpose of hunting and less for the safety from the dacoits and other notorious criminals. In insurgency time, to counter the threats threats of murder and extortion by the Maoists cadres, upon the recommendation of District Security Committee small
arms like 12 bore guns, katuwa1 pistols were given to the locals who had formed a group called Counter Maoist Committee. 2 Most of such committees existed in terai during the conflict but now they are all passive. (Basnet, 2009) Terai region, which had remained a hub for Indian criminals even before the escalation of conflict in Nepal, has been undergoing more critical situation regarding security. Different armed groups which have been operating in the terai region posing a serious threat to security. These armed groups are largely infl influe uenc nced ed by the the crim crimee patt pattern ernss in the the neig neighb hbor orin ing g stat states es of Indi Indiaa- Utta Uttar r Pradesh and Bihar. Use of small arms has also significantly significantly increased. increased. (Khatri, 2009)3 This study, in particular, tries to explore the causes of proliferation of small arms in terai region. Use of small arms in different purposes mainly regarding the commission of violent crimes, and the impact of the availability of the small arms to induce the criminal tendencies..
2. Statement of the Problem 1. What
are the main causes that facilitate the proliferation of small arms in Nepal?
2.Is there any correlation between the small arms proliferation and crime rate or tendencies of crimes? 3. Objectives of the Study
The main objectives of this research work are to study and examine the present practices of management accounting in Nepalese public sectors. The specific objectives are as follows: 1. To explore explore the causes causes of small small arms arms proliferati proliferation on in terai terai region. region. 2. To explore explore the uses of small small arms in crimes. crimes. 1
Pistols which were manually made Informal translation translation of Nepali Maobadi Pratikaar Samiti 3 I am grateful to SP Shyam Khatri, the District commander of Nepal Police in Sarlahi district, for allocating some time for interview. 2
3. To inve invest stig igat atee the the func functi tion onal al corre correla lati tion on betw betwee een n the the prol prolif ifer erat atio ion n of small arms and the tendencies of crimes in terai region.
4. Importance of the Study
The present research might be a new effort for identifying the causes of pro proli life fera rati tion on of smal smalll arms arms in the the tera teraii regi region on whic which h is like likely ly to have have a significant impact upon the internal security of Nepal as whole. The study will have significance in the following ways: 1. To know the the trends trends of uses of of small small arms in crimin criminal al activiti activities. es. 2. The findings findings of the the study will will be found found beneficia beneficiall in Crime Crime Pattern Pattern Analysis.4 3. The findings findings of the the study will will be suggeste suggested d as recommendatio recommendations ns to the law enforcement agencies.
5. Limitations of the Study
The present research has the following limitations. 1. Since the terai terai region region expands from from the east to the west west end. To carry out the the surve survey y stud study y in all all dist distri rict ctss is very very diff diffic icul ultt due due to the the budg budget et constr constrain aints ts and other other resourc resources. es. Theref Therefore, ore, only only five five of the distri districts cts representing each region have been chosen for the purpose of the study. 2. The study is concerned concerned only with the recorded recorded crimes in the district district police police office. 3. The present study pays attention to the trends in Nepalese context only.
Therefore, it does not address to the Global context.
6. Literature Review
Arms proliferation in a significant level is the recent phenomenon in the context of Nepal. To say, the subject was more put into the discussion among security 4
The systematic way of investigating crimes, the way they occur, types of arms or weapons used , time, place, situation etc.
services and the media after the CPA 5 between the government and the Maoist insurgents. However, some scholars have tried to bring it into the forum of disc discus ussi sion on sinc sincee the the subj subjec ectt is gain gainin ing g mome moment ntou ouss impo import rtan ance ce at pres presen entt context. 'The illicit movement of small arms is a human security concern since it has the potential to fuel increased numbers and levels of violent crimes. This perception mainly arises from the fear that there would be a surge in criminal activities resulti resulting ng increa increased sed economi economicc hardshi hardship, p, which which is induce induced d present presently ly by the the inte interna rnati tion onal al fina financ ncia iall turm turmoi oil. l. Viol Violen entt crime crimes, s, in turn, turn, coul could d pres presen entt a destabilizing force force undermining state sovereignty.' (Khanal, 2009) 'Terai region of Nepal has a 1750 km long open border with India. The open border has not only been the source of strengthening and easing socio-cultural life across the border, but also it has got many evils on it. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar are the worst of the states which are infamous for the criminalities and trade of small arms have had a adverse impact upon the security of Terai region of Nepal. Easy access to the small arms in the cities of these states may encourage encourage the proliferation proliferation of small arms in the Nepalese land too.' (Bhandari, (Bhandari, 2007) A decade long armed conflict and the growing number of armed outfits in Terai has significantly induced the proliferation of small arms around the country. As the arms are easily accessible in the cross border area in Indian cities of Uttar Prad Prades esh h and and Biha Bihar, r, whic which h are are infa infamo mous us for for thei theirr noto notori riou ouss poli politi tics cs and and wors worsen enin ing g law law and and orde orderr situ situat atio ion. n. Increa Increasi sing ng use use of smal smalll arms arms has has been been fashionable way of committing crimes. (Kunwar, 2010) Increase in crimes like rape, trafficking, smuggling, drugs, deforestation, illegal weapons is great challenges to the security of Nepal. (Collette Rausch, 2007)
5
Comprehensive Peace Agreement to resolve the decade long violent conflict between the government and the Maoist insurgents that was intensively carried out since 1995.
7. Research Methodology
Researc Research h method methodolo ology gy states states the method method with with which which data data have have been been extracted and discuss the tools that have been used in interpretation of such data to fulfill the objectives. The main purpose of this chapter is to focus on different research method and condition, which are used while conducting this study. Every study needs a systematic methodology to show the better results of research.
7.1. Research Design Researc Research h design design refers refers to the system systemati aticc framew framework ork under under which which the search is conducted. Research design involves selection of most appropriate method or technique to solve the particular problem under investigation. This research research is based on primary primary source of informatio information. n. As per the nature of study, study, specific specific survey research design has been followed followed with descriptive descriptive analytical analytical
as well as quantitative approaches to examine the issue and to achieve the objectives.
7.2. Population and Sampling To make the research more reliable for this study 5 districts from the Mid-region which are bordered with India have been taken as the sample. On the basis of stratified random sampling Saptari from West region, Parsa from Mid-region, Nawalparasi from Western region, Dang from Mid-western region, and Kailali from Far-western region have been selected for the purpose of the study. The sample size comprises about 22 percent of the total population (23districts in terai).
7.3. Nature and Sources of Data For the reliability and effectiveness of research work true and correct info inform rmat atio ion n are are esse essent ntia iall beca becaus usee info inform rmat atio ion n are the the life life-bl -bloo ood d of every every research. In order to achieve the objective of the study, primary data is the main source of this study. But several secondary data have been also used. Prima Primary ry info informa rmati tion on is the the orig origin inal al sourc sourcee of this this stud study y with with prio prior r appo appoin intm tmen ents ts to the the conc concer erned ned auth author orit itie iess of publ public ic ente enterp rpris rises es.. As per per requi requirem remen entt of the the stud study y thes thesee info inform rmat atio ion n have have been been coll collec ecte ted d from from the the respect respective ive distri districts cts and the corres correspond pondent ent offici officials als from from law enforce enforcemen mentt agencies (Nepal Police, Armed Police and Local Administration). To make the research more specific, personnel interview, records and facts and field visit will be conducted. cond ucted.
7.4. Data Collection Procedure For the reliability and effectiveness of research work true and correct information are essential. In order to achieve the objectives of the study primary information is the original source of this study with prior appointments to the conc concer erne ned d auth author orit itie iess of Nepa Nepall Poli Police ce and and Arme Armed d Poli Police ce Forc Force. e. As per per requirement of the study the information required will be obtained from Nepal Police Headquarters, and the headquarters of the sample districts.
7.5. Data Analysis Method The quantitative data which will be obtained from the referred sources will be anal analyz yzed ed by usin using g some some quan quanti tita tati tive ve tech techni niqu ques es of data data anal analys ysis is such such as correlation and regression analysis. Where the incidents where the quantity of small arms will serve as the independent variable and crime rates will be use as dependant variable.
8. Meaning of Some Key Terminologies
8.1.
Small arms
Firearms that may be both carried and discharged by one person, as opposed to artillery weapons. By extension, the automatic weapons that developed from such such fire firear arms ms are are also also call called ed smal smalll arms arms:: Mach Machin inee guns guns usin using g the the same same ammunition as military rifles, as well as the larger caliber machine guns, are so clas classi sifi fied ed.. The The comm common on exam exampl ples es of smal smalll arms arms are pist pistol ol and and revo revolv lver. er. (Encarta, 2009)
8.2.
Proliferation:
It refers to the expansion or spread of something very often occurred in large scales covering large part of some specific location.
8.3.
Crime:
Crime refers to those activities which have been prohibited by the law of the land. Those behaviors which are considered wrong in the eyes of the law are crimes. It is the the violation of a written law. (Acharya, 2008)
9. Research Plan
The study has been scheduled to be conducted in the following manner:
S. N.
Activities Jan 1 Proposal writing . 2 Fiel Field d pre prepa para rati tion on
Feb
Mar
Ap r
Months (2010) May June July
Aug sept
O ct
Nov
3 Field visit, . observation 4 Data collection . 5 Data Processing . 6 Data analysis . 7 Report writing . 8 Report . presentation and submission
SMAL SMALL L ARMS ARMS PROL PROLIF IFER ERAT ATIO ION: N: IS IT TH THE E CAUS CAUSE E FOR FOR TH THE E GROWING RATE OF CRIME IN TERAI REGION?
A Thesis Proposal Submitted to Mr. Bishal Sherchan Conflict, Peace & Development Studies Central Department, Tribhuvan University Old Baneshwor, Kathmandu
Submitted by Kiran Janga Kunwar Campus Roll No:12 January 17, 2010
Bibliography
Bhandari, D. (2007). Border Crime., (pp. 18-19). Kathmandu. Encarta. (2009). Small Arms. Khanal, R. (2009). Challenges to Modern Security System. Kathmandu, Nepal. Khatri, S. (2009, 11 06). Armed Groups in Terai. (K. J. Kunwar, Interviewer) Acharya, M. (2008). criminology. Kathmandu. Collette Rausch, S. B. (2007). Nepal in Transition: Strengthening Security and the rule of
Law. Public Report, Kathmandu.
Kunwar, K. J. (2010). Internal Security of Nepal. Kathmandu.
