MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES SET ONE
1. The standard standard penetration penetration test (SPT) is an in-situ-test that measures measures what? what? Ans. – depth of soil layer 2. Whih Whih of the ff. !ituminous !ituminous material material is !est reommended reommended for sealin" sealin" wea#ened wea#ened plane plane $oints? Ans. – $oint filler asphalt (ommonly alled hard asphalt or !lown asphalt) %. The main pro!lem assoiated assoiated with wron" pratie pratie of on&eyin" onrete onrete is alled what? what? Ans. – se"re"ation '. The speifia speifiations tions all all for 12' onret onrete e mi. *n a one !a""er mier+ mier+ whih whih of the ff. amount of water is most li#ely re,uired for the mi? Ans. - 2 liters . A one-lan one-lane e road+ with with a pa&eme pa&ement nt width width of %. meters meters and shoul shoulder der width width of . meter on eah side of the pa&ement+ was desi"ned to ha&e su! !ase and !ase ourses with a om!ined thi#ness of %mm. *f the thi#ness of the su! !ase is a 12mm+ the spreadin" and ompation of the su!!ase and !ase ourses shall !e arried out in Ans. – % layers o&er the full width of '. m /. As materials materials en"ineer en"ineer++ what is the area of the trial trial setion setion that you would would reommend reommend to he# the suita!ility of the materials and effiieny of the e,uipment to !e used for item %1 0ituminous onrete Surfae ourse? Ans. – a!out s,.m . Per Per pro" pro"ra ram m of wor# wor#++ the the esti estima mate ted d &olu &olume me of *tem *tem 21 21 mate materi rial als s is u.m. u.m. 3o 3ow w many many "radin" and plastiity tests are re,uired !ased on the 4PW3 minimum testin" re,uirements? Ans. – 2 "radin" and 2 plastiity 5. 0ituminous 0ituminous onre onrete te mies ontai ontain n asphalt asphalt !y wei"ht e,ui&al e,ui&alent ent to what? Ans. – to 5 6 7. 8uality of fatory-produed fatory-produed reinfored reinfored onrete onrete pipes may !e !est esta!lishment esta!lishment throu"h throu"h what? what? Ans. – Test of onrete pipes samples 1. Where Where do we ta#e additional additional ores when the measured measured of any ore ta#en from the pa&ement pa&ement is defiient in thi#ness !y more than 2mm? Ans. – at no less than meter inter&als parallel to the enterline in eah diretion from the affeted loation 11. The results of the *mmersion-ompression test onduted on an asphalt mi sample are as follows 4ry sta!ility 9 2+ :pa Wet sta!ility 9 1+ :pa What is the resultin" *nde of ;etained stren"th? 4oes it meet the speifiation re,uirement of *tem %1+ 0ituminous onrete Surfae ourse? Ans. – *nde of ;etained Stren"th or *;S 9 Wet sta!ility 1 4ry sta!ility 9 (1+ :pa<2+ :pa) 1 *;S 9 6 = >o+ it does not meet the speifiation of *tem %1 sine the speifiation of *;S is 6 minimum while the resultin" *;S here is only 6.
12. 8uality ontrol testin" in a 4PW3 pro$et is the responsi!ility responsi!ility of the? Ans. – ontrator @aterials n"ineers 1%. As materials materials en"ineers+ en"ineers+ when is the ri"ht time to start start samplin" samplin" and testin" a""re"ate a""re"ate of the ourse materials? Ans. – 0efore the ourse materials !e inorporated in the pro$et. 1'. The spot test on asphalt is used to determine what? Ans. – o&erheatin" durin" manufature 1. Bnder what limati ondition(s) do we use the lower penetration "rade or hard asphalt? Ans. – hot limate 1/. Samplin" Samplin" of the freshly mied onrete onrete should should !e ta#en on the !ath dishar"e dishar"e of the transit mier? Ans. - middle 1. Soft and unsta!le soils were enountered enountered durin" the ourse of su!-"rade preparation. preparation. *f you were the materials en"ineer assi"ned to the pro$et+ what is the most effeti&e and heaper method that you would reommend to sta!iliCe the soil prior to the onstrution of the su!!ase ourse? Ans. - "eotetiles 15. 3ow many times times per layer layer should should a onr onrete ete speimen speimen molded molded in a /D/D /D/D12D 12D !eam mold !e rodded? Ans. – /% times 17. What is the !asis for aeptane aeptane or re$etion of any onstrution materials? materials? Ans. – @aterials Test ;eports 2. *n testin testin" " onre onrete te ylind ylinder er sample sample the loa load d applie applied d shoul should d !e ontin ontinuou uous s withou withoutt sho# sho# at a onstant rate within the ran"e of per seond. Ans. - .1' to .%' @pa per seond or 2 to psi per seond. 21. 4urin" the appliation of the first half of the antiipated load a loadin" loadin" shall !e permitted. Ans. – hi"her rate 22. *nitial rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed with a roller. Ans. – Pneumati-Tire roller 2%. Einal rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed performed with a roller. Ans.- %-wheel or tandem type steel wheel roller 2'. 2'. ;oll ;ollin in" " of 0itu 0itumi mino nous us mi mi shal shalll !e dis dison onti tinu nued ed when whene& e&er er it !e"i !e"ins ns to prod produ ue e ee eess ssi& i&e e or . Ans.- pul&eriCin" of the a""re"ate or displaement of the miture 2. Einal rollin" shall !e ontinued ontinued until roller mar#s are eliminated eliminated and a minimum mass peren perentt of the densit density y of the la!ora la!orator tory y ompa ompated ted a speim speimen en prepar prepared ed in a aord ordan ane e with with AAS3TF T1/ has !een o!tained. Ans. – 7 mass perent 2/. Sample Sample from ompated ompated !ituminous !ituminous mi shall !e neatly neatly ut !y a saw or ore drill. ah sample shall !e at least . Ans. – 1mm 1mm 1mm diameter full depth
12. 8uality ontrol testin" in a 4PW3 pro$et is the responsi!ility responsi!ility of the? Ans. – ontrator @aterials n"ineers 1%. As materials materials en"ineers+ en"ineers+ when is the ri"ht time to start start samplin" samplin" and testin" a""re"ate a""re"ate of the ourse materials? Ans. – 0efore the ourse materials !e inorporated in the pro$et. 1'. The spot test on asphalt is used to determine what? Ans. – o&erheatin" durin" manufature 1. Bnder what limati ondition(s) do we use the lower penetration "rade or hard asphalt? Ans. – hot limate 1/. Samplin" Samplin" of the freshly mied onrete onrete should should !e ta#en on the !ath dishar"e dishar"e of the transit mier? Ans. - middle 1. Soft and unsta!le soils were enountered enountered durin" the ourse of su!-"rade preparation. preparation. *f you were the materials en"ineer assi"ned to the pro$et+ what is the most effeti&e and heaper method that you would reommend to sta!iliCe the soil prior to the onstrution of the su!!ase ourse? Ans. - "eotetiles 15. 3ow many times times per layer layer should should a onr onrete ete speimen speimen molded molded in a /D/D /D/D12D 12D !eam mold !e rodded? Ans. – /% times 17. What is the !asis for aeptane aeptane or re$etion of any onstrution materials? materials? Ans. – @aterials Test ;eports 2. *n testin testin" " onre onrete te ylind ylinder er sample sample the loa load d applie applied d shoul should d !e ontin ontinuou uous s withou withoutt sho# sho# at a onstant rate within the ran"e of per seond. Ans. - .1' to .%' @pa per seond or 2 to psi per seond. 21. 4urin" the appliation of the first half of the antiipated load a loadin" loadin" shall !e permitted. Ans. – hi"her rate 22. *nitial rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed with a roller. Ans. – Pneumati-Tire roller 2%. Einal rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed performed with a roller. Ans.- %-wheel or tandem type steel wheel roller 2'. 2'. ;oll ;ollin in" " of 0itu 0itumi mino nous us mi mi shal shalll !e dis dison onti tinu nued ed when whene& e&er er it !e"i !e"ins ns to prod produ ue e ee eess ssi& i&e e or . Ans.- pul&eriCin" of the a""re"ate or displaement of the miture 2. Einal rollin" shall !e ontinued ontinued until roller mar#s are eliminated eliminated and a minimum mass peren perentt of the densit density y of the la!ora la!orator tory y ompa ompated ted a speim speimen en prepar prepared ed in a aord ordan ane e with with AAS3TF T1/ has !een o!tained. Ans. – 7 mass perent 2/. Sample Sample from ompated ompated !ituminous !ituminous mi shall !e neatly neatly ut !y a saw or ore drill. ah sample shall !e at least . Ans. – 1mm 1mm 1mm diameter full depth
2. Eor surfae Toleranes Toleranes the surfae (!ituminous (!ituminous mi) will !e he#ed !y the used of a at sites seleted !y the en"ineer. Ans. %-m strai"ht ed"e 25. *f the &olume of oarse a""re"ate a""re"ate intended in your pro$et in 5 u.m.+ u.m.+ how many "radin" test test will you perform? Ans. - 1 "radin" test 27. What is the most ommon method method adapted !y 4PW3 in the determination determination of density of the soil in plae? Ans. – sand one method %. What is the minimum sample for moisture ontent ontent determination if the maimum siCe of partiles is mm (2 inhes)? Ans. – 1 "rams %1. What is the minimum mass of field sample for a maimum maimum siCe of fine a""re"ate a""re"ates s at '.mm '.mm (no.')? Ans. – 2 #"s. %2. What is minimum mass of field samples for oarse oarse a""re"ate a""re"ate with a maimum nominal nominal siCe of a""re"ates of mm (2 inhes)? Ans. – #"s. %%. What is the minimum minimum mass<,uali mass<,uality ty of samples samples for Portland Portland ement ement to !e tested for ,uality test in the la!oratory? Ans. – 1 #"s. %'. What is the minimum mass<,uality mass<,uality of samples for asphalti materials? Ans. – liters %. The minimum mass<,uantity mass<,uantity of samples for asphalt mi? Ans. – 1 #"s. %/. The su!mission of any type type of samples in the la!oratory+ what what should you aomplished aomplished and to !e su!mitted to"ether with the samples? Ans. – sample ard %. *f the minimu minimum m yield yield stren"th stren"th of a "rade "rade ' steel steel !ars is '+ '+ psi+ what is the e,ui&a e,ui&alen lentt @>
'2. What is the minimum a&era"e stren"th re,uirement for non load !earin" onrete hollow !lo#s? Ans. – '.1' @pa. '%. What is the minimum a&era"e stren"th re,uirement re,uirement for a load !earin" onrete hollow !lo#s? !lo#s? Ans. – /.7 @pa. ''. ''. What What is the the a&er a&era" a"e e defi defii ien entt thi thi#n #nes ess s per per lot lot of ore ores s spe speim imen en wher where e no paym paymen entt is reommended on the pro$et? Ans. – more than 2 mm '. What is the maimum a&era"e defiient thi#ness per lot of ores speimen where 16 payment is reommended? Ans+ - mm maimum '/. onrete in the area represented represented !y the ores will !e onsider ade,uate ade,uate if the a&era"e stren"th of the ores is e,ual to at least of the speified stren"th+ fH and no sin"le ore is less than 6 of fH. Ans. – 56 fH '. The wei"hted wei"hted loss of fine a""re"ates a""re"ates su!$eted su!$eted to yles of the sodium sulfate sulfate soundnes soundness s test should not eeed. Ans. – 1 mass 6 '5. The reommended type of Portland Portland ement to !e used in onretin" unless otherwise otherwise pro&ided for in the speial pro&ision Ans. – type 1 '7. Portland ement may!e
. A 4epartment Frder series of 177+ ;e&ised 4PW3 Standard speifiation for lastomeri !earin" pads for !rid"e superstrutures. Ans. – 4.F. I2 5. What is the maimum ompressi&e stren"th of 1 mm % mm onrete ylinder speimen at 25 days for lass 0 onrete? Ans. – Psi (%. @pa) 7. What is the maimum ompressi&e stren"th of 1 mm % mm onrete ylinder speimen at 25 days for lass onrete? Ans. – % Psi (2. @pa) /. The weepholes shall !e plaed at the lowest points where free outlets for water an !e o!tained and shall !e spread not more than Ans. – 2 meters enter to enter /1. Fne of the most ommon method used in ompation test
1. onrete &i!rators shall operate at maimum spain" of . Ans. – / m 2. Sto#piles of onrete a""re"ates shall !e !uilt-up in layers of not more than in thi#ness. Ans. – one (1) meter %. All washed a""re"ates shall !e sto#piled or !inned for drainin" at least hrs. !efore !ein" !athed. Ans. – 12 hrs. '. onrete not in plae within from the time the in"redients where har"ed into the miin" drum or that has de&eloped initial set shall not !e used. Ans. – 7 minutes . Shall not !e painted or oated with asphalt or other materials or enlosed in tu!es or slee&es. Ans. – tie !ars /. @ortar that is not used within after the water has !een added shall !e disarded. Ans. – 7 minutes . The maimum tensile stren"th of the wire mesh for "a!ions shall !e Ans. – 5/.1 @pa 5. A wire mesh made of "al&aniCed steel used as a protetion wor#s. Ans. – "a!ions 7. @inimum diameter of "a!ions per standard speifiation re,uirements Ans. – 2. mm 5. 4etermines the hardness and sta!ility of the ompated asphalt pa&ement Ans. – ore test 51. Samplin" of PP
57. *n !ituminous miture+ will not !e permitted as a method of measurement. Ans. – !ath wei"hts 7. A ore shall !e ta#en for e&ery if no ore was ta#en at the end of eah days operation. Ans. – 1 Km per lane 71. The a&era"e of four (') measurements on the asphalt ore speimen is to determine the Ans. – thi#ness 72. The omputation for the ,uantity of !ituminous miture area the ff. Li&en Pa&in" len"th represented+ m 9 12 Thi#ness+ m 9 . Width+ m 9 %. Total len"th of pa&ement+ m9 %5 4ensity+ "m<m% 9 2.221 Ans. – './' tons 7%. @ain onstituents of asphalt whih is found in nature or as a residue in petroleum refinin". Ans. – !itumen 7'. Asphalt is a dar# ementations material+ solid or semi-solid onsisteny Ans. – !rown to !la# 7. Samplin" !ituminous mies is one (1) sample e&ery Ans. – u.m. or 1% m.t. 7/. Samplin" of asphalt is one (1) sample for e&ery Ans. – 2 drums or ' m.t. 7. Samplin" of solid asphalt is one (1) sample for e&ery Ans. – 1 l!s. 75. ;epresentati&e ,uantity of one sample in samplin" li,uid asphalt is sample for e&ery Ans. – 1 ,uart to 1 "allon 77. 4urin" the !rea#down rollin" of asphalt mi+ it is arried out !y Ans. – pneumati roller 1.
*n rollin" asphalt mi+ what phase of rollin" is to remo&e the mar#s !y the other roller? Ans. – final rollin"
11.
*deal omposition !ituminous a""re"ates in the asphalt mi. Ans. – 72 6 to 7/ 6
12.
The protetion of hydrated lime added to the miture !y a""re"ate !asis. Ans. – . to 1. mass perent
1%.
The miture of item 2%1 shall ha&e a mass perent air &oids with ran"e of . Ans. – % to
1'.
A onsisteny test for solid asphalt that determines the hardness of asphalt. Ans. – Penetration
1.
4etermines the purity of asphalt on how muh !itumen is in the asphalt. Ans. – asphaltane
1/. The properties of asphalt depend upon this su!stane whih is solu!le in petroleum sol&ents. Ans. – Petrolane 1.
*mparts dutility and hi"h !rea# point. Ans. – resins
15.
Apparatus used in the Penetration Test of asphalt. Ans. – Penetrometer
17.
Apparatus used in the 4utility Test of asphalt. Ans. – dutility mahine
11.
Apparatus used in Elash Point Test of asphalt Ans. – le&eland Fpen up
111. The o!$eti&e is to determine as eonomial !lend !etween "raded a""re"ates and asphalt in order to produe a pa&ement that would meet the re,uired speifiation. Ans. – Mo! – mi formula 112.
Asphalt ement with water and a little amount of emulsifier+ usually deri&ati&es of salt. Ans. – mulsified Asphalt
11%.
Asphalt ement mied with #erosene+ !la# in olor and li,uid and room temperature. Ans. – @edium urin" ut – !a# Asphalt
11'.
Test speimen re,uired for *tem %11 – Portland ement onrete Pa&ement. Ans. – onrete !eam
11.
;e,uired slump for PP+ if &i!rated. Ans. – 1 to ' mm
11/. Eorms for PP shall remain in plae undistur!ed for not less than hrs. after onrete pourin". Ans. – 2' 11.
onrete shall !e thorou"hly onsolidated !y means of Ans. – &i!rator
115.
Eleural stren"th of PP when tested at third point. Ans. – %.5 @pa
117. Trans&erse onstrution $oint is also alled as is onstruted when there interruption of more than % minutes in the orretin" wor#s. Ans. – old $oint 12.
@iin" time of PP shall not !e less than or more than Ans. – fi&e () seonds+ ninety (7) minutes
121.
ompressi&e stren"th of PP tested at 1' days. Ans. – 2'.1 @pa
122.
Slumps for a wor#a!le PP if not &i!rated Ans. – ' to mm
12%.
4epth of wea#ened plane $oints should at all times not !e less than .
is
an
12'.
Ans. – mm 0ars plaed perpendiular to the lon"itudinal $oint of PP. Ans. – tie !ars
12.
Ni!rators shall not !e operated lon"er than in any one loation. Ans. – 1 minutes
12/.
Eleural stren"th of PP when tested at mid-point. Ans. – '. @pa
12. Sawin" of $oints of PP shall ommene as soon as the onrete has hardened suffiiently+ usually . Ans. – within 2' hrs. 125.
The surfae of the newly plaed PP shall !e ured for a period of . Ans. – 2 hrs.
127.
Bsed as load transfer de&ie and are held in-position parallel to the enterline of the sla!. Ans. – dowels
1%.
urin" ompound shall not !e applied durin" . Ans. – rain
1%1.
Straw urin" on PP shall !e at least thi# whih is measured after wettin". Ans. – 2 m.
1%2.
The finished produt of miin" a""re"ates with ement and water. Ans. – onrete
1%%.
;ate of inrease in stren"th is at hi"h temperature than at low temperature. Ans. – hi"her
1%'. @ost speifiations for onrete eposed to weatherin" re,uire that water-ement ratio !e !y wei"ht. Ans. – .% 1%. Physial property of onrete that withstand deterioration due to eposure to weatherin" ation. Ans. – dura!ility 1%/. F&er sanded and under sanded mitures re,uire more water in order to !e wor#a!le+ !ut ma#in" it so will+ only result in a sarifie in Ans. – stren"th 1%.
The method ommonly used to test on wor#a!ility of onrete. Ans. – !all penetration test
1%5. The new method used to test on wor#a!ility of onrete and these tests are made in the field. Ans. – slump test 1%7.
Eor rih mies+ the stren"th of is the ontrollin" fator. Ans. – a""re"ates
1'.
Stren"th of onrete is prinipally dependent on the . Ans. – water-ement ration
readily
1'1.
lass of onrete that is deposited in water. Ans. – seal
1'2.
lass of onrete used for pre-stressed onrete struture and its mem!er. Ans. – lass OPD
1'%. lass of onrete used in footin"s+ missi&e pier shafts and unreinfored or with only a small amount of reinforement. Ans. – lass O0D 1''.
lass of onrete used in thin reinfored setions li#e railin"s. Ans. – lass OD
1'.
Samplin" of Portland ement should !e done in aordane with AAS3TF. Ans. – T-12
1'/.
Fne (1) Sie&e Analysis for e&ery of onrete a""re"ates or a fration thereof Ans. – 1+ m%
1'. A minimum wei"ht of sample shall !e ta#en from eah 2+ !a"s of ement or fration thereof. Ans. – 1 #". 1'5.
lass of onrete used to all superstrutures and hea&ily reinfored su!strutures. Ans. – lass OAD
;N*W 8BST*F>A*;
1. What is the di&idin" line !etween oarse and fine a""re"ates? Ans. – 2. mm sie&e 2. The depth of the wea#ened plain $oint should at all times not less than Ans. – mm %. Ser&es as load transfer de&ie and are held in position parallel to the surfae and enter line of the sla! !y a metal de&ie Ans. – dowel '. The depth of orru"ation in the surfae pa&ement after !roomin" Ans. – 1. mm . The width of wea#ened $oint should not !e more than Ans. – / mm /. The fleural stren"th of the onrete !eam sample at 1' days when tested at third point method Ans. – %.5 @pa . What is the wei"ht of lass OAD ;iprap stones Ans. – 1 #"s. to a maimum of 2 #"s. with at least 6 wei"hin" 2 #"s. 5. The proportion of mi of mortar for "routed riprap shall !e Ans. – one part of ement to % parts of sand
7. The pratie of artifiially densifyin" and inorporatin" and inorporatin" definite density into the soil mass rollin"+ tamperin" or other means Ans. – ompation 1. The unit pressure "reater than whih pro"ressi&e settlement will ours leadin" o failure Ans. – !earin" apaity 11. Speified or seleted materials of desi"ned thi#ness plaed as foundation for pa&ement. Ans. - !ase 12. The materials in ea&ation (uts) em!an#ment (fills) and em!an#ment foundation immediate !elow the layer of su!!ase+ !ase or pa&ement and to suh depth as may effet the strutural desi"n Ans. – su!-"rade materials 1%. Speified or seleted materials of desi"ned thi#ness plaed as a foundation for !ase Ans. – su!!ase 1'. A widely used as ontrol test in em!an#ment onstrution to ensure ade,uate ompation Ans. – field density test 1. A sand used to measure the &olume of test hole in E4T Ans. – ali!rated sand 1/. What item num!er is Portland ement onrete Pa&ement Ans. – item %11 1. What are the essential la!oratory test for soil lassifiation Ans. – "radin" plasti and li,uid limit test 15. Pro&ided alon" the slopes of hi"h em!an#ments as an erosion ontrol measure and to impro&e the sta!ility of the side slopes Ans. – !erm 17. What is the o&en dryin" temperature for moisture ontent determination Ans. – 11 Q 2. What is the air dryin" temperature? Ans. – not to eeed /R 21. The primary ,uality ontrol mehanism for the prodution of asphalt miture Ans. – $o!-mi formula 22. The most ommonly used method in the desi"n and e&aluation of !ituminous onrete mies Ans. – @arshall Sta!ility @ethod 2%. The most ommon method in determinin" the onsisteny of onrete mi Ans. – slump test 2'. A 4epartment @emorandum irular+ a re&ised method on E4T Ans. – 4@ >o. '5 2. *nteronneted ra#s formin" a series of small !lo#s resem!lin" an alli"atorHs s#in or hi#en wire Ans. – alli"ator ra#s
2/. A layer of an asphalt a""re"ate miture of &aria!le thi#ness used to eliminate irre"ularities in the ontent of an eistin" surfae prior to plaement of an o&erlay Ans. – asphalt le&elin" ourse 2. An appliation of low-&isosity ut!a# to an a!sor!ent surfae or a mied-in appliation of emulsified asphalt. *t is used only on untreated !ase prior to plaement of an asphalt pa&ement. Ans. – asphalt prime oat 25. A thin asphalt surfae treatment used to waterproof and impro&e the teture of an asphalt wearin" surfae. Ans. - asphalt surfae treatment 27. The upward mo&ement of asphalt in an asphalt pa&ement resultin" in the formation of a film of asphalt on the surfae. Ans. – !leedin" flushin" asphalt %. An appliation of asphalt materials to any type of road or pa&ement surfae with or without a o&er of mineral a""re"ates that produe an inrease in thi#ness of less than 2mm or 1 inh. Ans. – asphalt surfae treatment %1. The loaliCed !u#lin" or shatterin" of a ri"id type pa&ement ourrin" usually at trans&erse ra# or $oint. Ans. – !low-up %2. A &ery li"ht appliation of asphalt applied to an eistin" asphalt or Portland ement surfae+ used to ensure a !ond !etween the surfae of !ein" pa&ed and the o&erlayin" ourse. Ans. – asphalt ta# oat %%. A miture of slow settin" emulsified asphalt+ water+ a""re"ates and mineral filler produe to a slurry onsisteny and plaed on pa&ement surfae. Ans. – asphalt emulsion slurry seal %'. The separation of the pa&ement due to natural auses+ traffi ation or refletions from an underlyin" pa&ement. Ans. – ra# %. The !owl-shape holes of &aryin" siCes in the pa&ement+ resultin" from loaliCed disinte"ration. Ans. – potholes %/. A ra# in asphalt o&erlay that reflets the ra# pattern in the pa&ement struture underneath. Ans. – refleti&e ra#s %. The pro"ressi&e separation of a""re"ate partiles in a pa&ement from the surfae downward or from the ed"e inward. Ans. – ra&elin" %5. A ra# sometimes resent shaped+ that point in the diretion of the trust of the wheels on the pa&ement surfae aused !y la# of !ond !etween two pa&ement layer. Ans. – slippa"e ra#s %7. Any ondition that mi"ht ontri!ute to ma#in" a pa&ement slippery. Ans. – s#id haCard '. The uniform rate of flow of onrete when poured. Ans. – 1 to 2 u.m. per hour
'1. Bsed to e&aluate the potential stren"th of soil a""re"ate. Ans. – 0; '2. Test used to determine the hardness property of ourse a""re"ates. Ans. – a!rasion test '%. Test whih "i&es an indiation of lay ontent soil. Ans. – plastiity inde ''. The soa#ed 0; &alue for *tem 2(su!!ase) at maimum dry density is Ans. – not less than 26 '. The soa#ed 0; &alue for *tem 21(!ase ourse) at maimum dry density is Ans. – not less than 56 '/. The mass perent of wear of ourse a""re"ates for !ase materials !y Kos An"eles A!rasion Test. Ans. – not more than 6 '. The stones used for stone masonry shall ha&e a thi#ness of not less than Ans. – 1mm '5. The rate of loadin" for ompressi&e stren"th Ans. – 2- psi < se. '7. The temperature for moist urin" of speimen that "i&es the !est result. Ans. – 1. to %. . The maimum siCe to ourse a""re"ates re,uired for *tem %11 (PP) Ans. – 2 inhes (/%mm) 1. A pro"ram of ,uality ontrol wor#s to !e omplied !y the ontrator is prepared !y 4PW3. Ans. – ,uality ontrol pro"ram 2. Presri!ed in eah pro$et !ased on estimated ,uantities. The re,uirements speify the #ind and num!er of test for eah item of wor#s. Ans. – minimum testin" re,uirements %. @emorandum irular >o. here!y direted that all materials men inhar"e in a said pro$et #eep a lo"!oo# on materials ,uality ontrol. Ans. – @ I5 '. A department order here!y direted that only test report issued !y the re"ional
5. A test o&ers the ,uantitati&e determination of !itumen in hot mied pa&in" mitures and pa&ement samples for speifiation aeptane+ ser&ie e&aluation+ ontrol and researh. Ans. – etration test 7. The permitted &ariations in desi"n re,uirements of a""re"ates su!!ase materials on surfae irre"ularity measured !y a %m strai"ht ed"e. Ans. – 2mm /. The permitted &ariations in desi"n re,uirements of a""re"ates !ase materials on ross fall or am!er. Ans. – .26 /1. *f the re,uired thi#ness for su!!ase or !ase is 1mm or less+ this may!e spread and ompated in. Ans. – 1 layer /2. The in-plae-density (tested !y AAS3TF-T-171) of eah layer should onsistently. Ans. – at least 76 of the @44 /%. The maimum sie&e openin" for "radin" re,uirement of a""re"ate !ase ourse. Ans. mm /'. The !ituminous prime oat materials should !e applied !y a pressure distri!utor at speified temperature and at an appliation rate ran"in" from Ans. – 1 to 2 liters < s,.m. /. The rate of appliation for !ituminous ta# oat materials (item %2) ran"in" from Ans. – .2 to . liters < s,.m. //. The P.*. for mineral filler used for 3ot Plant @i 0ituminous Pa&ement Ans. – not "reater than / /. The "radation re,uirement used for 3ot @i 0ituminous Pa&ement. Ans. – "radin" d /5. The plain" temp. for !ituminous miture measured in the tru# prior to dumpin". Ans. – should not !e less than 1 R /7. 3ow many samples or ore drilled samples !e ta#en for eah days full operation. Ans. – at least one+ !ut not more than % . Bnsuita!le materials are soils with a li,uid limit eeedin". Ans. – 5 1. Bnsuita!le materials are soils with natural water ontent eeedin". Ans. – 5 2. @aterials ontainin" detrimental ,uantities of or"ani material suh as "rass+ roots+ sewera"e hi"hly or"ani soils suh as peat and mu#. Ans. – unsuita!le materials %. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 2 shall ha&e a li,uid limit of Ans. – not "reater than % '. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 1' shall ha&e a li,uid limit of Ans. – not "reater than %
. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 21 shall ha&e a li,uid limit of Ans. – not "reater than 2 /. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 22 shall ha&e a li,uid limit as determined !y AAS3TF T-57 Ans. – not "reater than 2 . The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 2 shall ha&e a plastiity inde of Ans. – not "reater than 12 5. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 21 shall ha&e a plastiity inde of Ans. – not "reater than / 7. The fration passin" the .'2mm (>o.') sie&e for *tem 22 shall ha&e a plastiity inde of Ans. – not "reater than / 5. The oarse portion+ retained on a 2.mm (>o.1) sie&es for *tem 21 shall ha&e a mass perent of wear !y the Kos An"eles A!rasion Tests as determined !y AAS3TF – T7/. Ans. – not eeedin" 51. The oarse portion+ retained on a 2.mm (>o.1) sie&es for *tem 21 shall ha&e a mass perent of wear !y the Kos An"eles A!rasion Tests. Ans. – not eeedin" 52. The materials passin" the 17mm sie&es for *tem 22 shall ha&e a soa#ed 0; &alue tested aordin" to AAS3TF T-17%. Ans. – 26 minimum 5%. The materials passin" the 17mm sie&es for *tem 21 shall ha&e a soa#ed 0; &alue tested aordin" to AAS3TF T-17%. Ans. – 56 minimum 5'. The materials passin" the 17mm sie&es for *tem 22 shall ha&e a soa#ed 0; &alue of Ans. – 56 minimum 5. The oarse portion+ retained on a 2.mm (>o.1) sie&es for *tem 22 shall ha&e a mass perent of wear !y the Kos An"eles A!rasion Tests of Ans. – not eeedin" '
ASP3AKT T3>FKFL 1. The primary ontrol mehanism for the prodution of asphalt miture Ans. – $o!-mi formula 2. The most ommon used method in the desi"n and e&aluation of !ituminous onrete mies. Ans. – @arshall ommon @ethod %. A layer of an asphalt a""re"ate miture of &aria!le thi#ness used to eliminate irre"ularities in the ement of an eistin" surfae prior to plaement of an o&erlay. Ans. – asphalt le&elin" ourse '. An appliation of low-&isosity ut!a# to an a!sor!ent surfae+ or mied in appliation of emulsified asphalt. *t is used only on untreated !ase prior to plaement of an asphalt pa&ement. Ans. – asphalt prime oat
. A thin asphalt surfae treatment used to waterproof and impro&e the teture of an asphalt wearin" surfae. Ans. – asphalt seal ost /. The upward mo&ement of asphalt in an asphalt pa&ement resultin" in the information of film of asphalt on the surfae. Ans. – !leedin" of flushin" asphalt . An appliation of asphalt materials to any type of road or pa&ement surfae with or without a o&er of mineral a""re"ates that produe an inrease in thi#ness of less than 2mm or 1 inh. Ans. – asphalt surfae treatment 5. The loaliCed !u#lin" or shatterin" of a ri"id – type pa&ement+ ourrin" usually at trans&erse ra# or $oint. Ans. – !low-up 7. A &ery li"ht appliation of asphalt applied to an eistin" asphalt or Portland ement surfae+ used to ensure a !ond !etween the surfae of !ein" pa&ed and the o&erlayin" ourse. Ans. – asphalt tra# oat 1. The separation of the pa&ement due to natural auses+ traffi ation+ or refletions from an underlayin" pa&ement. Ans. – ra# 11. The !owl-shape holes of &aryin" siCes in the pa&ement+ resultin" from loaliCed disinte"ration. Ans. – potholes 12. A ra# in asphalt o&erlays that reflets the ra# pattern in the pa&ement struture underneath. Ans. – refleti&e ra#s 1%. The pro"ressi&e separation of a""re"ate partiles in a pa&ement from the surfae downward of from the ed"e inward. Ans. – ra&elin" 1'. A ra#s sometimes resent shaped that point in the diretion of the trust of the wheels on the pa&ement surfae aused !y la# of !ond !etween two pa&ement layers. Ans. – slippa"e ra#s 1. Any ondition that mi"ht ontri!ute to ma#in" a pa&ement slippery. Ans. – s#id haCard 1/. A department Frder+ here!y direted+ >o aeptane and final payment shall !e made on ompleted onrete and asphalt pa&ement unless ore test for thi#ness determination is onduted. Ans. – 4F I 117 1. A num!er of measurements for asphalt ore speimen. Ans. – 2 15. A test o&ers the ,uantitati&e determination of !itumen in hot mied pa&in" mitures and pa&ement samples for speifiation aeptane+ ser&ie+ ser&ie e&aluation+ ontrol and researh. Ans. – etration test 17. The !ituminous Prime oat materials should !e applied !y a pressure distri!utor at speified temperature and at an appliation rate ran"in" from Ans. – 1 to 2 liters
2. The rate of appliation for 0ituminous Ta# oat materials (*tem %2) ran"in" from Ans. – .2 to . liters
Thi#ness m 9 . Width+ m 9 %. Total len"th of pa&ement+ m9 %5. 4ensity+ "m<m% 9 2.221 Ans. – './' tons %5. @ain onstituents of asphalt whih is found in nature or as residue in petroleum refinin" Ans. – !itumen %7. Asphalt is a dar# ementations material+ solid or semi-solid onsisteny. Ans. – !rown to !la# '. Samplin" !ituminous mies is one (1) sample for e&ery Ans. – u.m. or 1% m.t. '1. Samplin" of asphalt is one (1) sample for e&ery Ans. – 2 drums or ' m.t. '2. Samplin" of solid asphalt is one (1) sample for e&ery Ans. – 1 l!s. '%. ;epresentati&e ,uantity of one (1) sample in samplin" li,uid asphalt is sample for e&ery Ans. – 1 ,uart to 1 "allon ''. 4urin" the !rea#down rollin" of asphalt mi+ it is arried out !y Ans. – steel wheeled roller '. *n rollin" asphalt mi+ what phase of rollin" is to remo&e the mar#s !y the other rollers Ans. – final rollin" '/. A onsisteny test for solid asphalt that determines the hardness of asphalt Ans. – penetration '. The properties of asphalt depends upon this su!stane whih is solu!le in petroleum sol&ents as >-phases Ans. – petrolene '5. *mparts dutility hi"h !rea#point Ans. – asphaltine '7. Apparatus used in Penetration Test of asphalt Ans. – Penetrometer . Apparatus used in dutility Test as asphalt Ans. – 4utility @ahine 1. Apparatus used in Elash Point Test of asphalt Ans. – le&eland Fpen up 2. The o!$eti&e is to determine as eonomial !lend !etween "raded a""re"ates and asphalt in order to produe a pa&ement that would meet the re,uired speifiation. Ans. – $o!-mi formula %. Asphalt ement with water and a little amount of emulsifier+ usually deri&ati&es of salt Ans. – emulsified asphalt
'. Asphalt ement mied with #erosene+ !lo# in olor and li,uid at room temperature Ans. – medium urin" ut!a# asphalt . Whih #ind of mulsified Asphalt that is ne"ati&ely har"e Ans. – Anioni Asphalt /. ut!a# asphalt an !e lassified aordin" to eah . Ans. – &isosity . Asphalt ement an !e determined or lassified !y their . Ans. – Penetration Lrade 5. What #ind of asphalt used for $oint fillers? Ans. – 0lown or FidiCed Asphalt 7. What #ind of asphalt that is mied with a sol&ent? Ans. – ut!a# asphalt /. What physial test that determines if the asphalt is o&erheated durin" prodution? Ans. – spot test /1. What #ind of asphalt ement that are ommonly used in the Philippines? Ans. – / to or 5 to 1 /2. What test that will determine if the asphalt is a "ood !inder? Ans. – dutility test /%. Whih of the ff. is not an important property a""re"ates? Ans. – smoothness /'. What property of mi that has the a!ility to resist deformation form an imposed load? Ans. – sta!ility /. What property of mi that has the a!ility to withstand repeated flein" aused !y the passa"e of wheel load? Ans. – fati"ue resistane //. *n @arshall Sta!ility Test+ whih of the riteria not inluded in determinin" the a&era"e !itumen ontent? Ans. – flow /. Speifi for Air Noids is . Ans. - %. to . /5. Li&en @aimum Sta!ility Bnit Wei"ht 9 . Elow 4esi"n Air Noids
9 /. Sta!ility 9 ./ 9 .2
0ul# Speifi Lra&ity 9 2.'7 9 1.1 Elow+ 2mm 9 .2 NEA 9 .
@aimum
4etermine the Fptimum Asphalt ontent? Ans. – ./ /7. What property of mi that has the a!ility to offer resistane to slippin" or s#iddin" when mi? Ans. – s#id resistane . Li&en Wei"ht of Sample in Air Wei"ht of Sample in Water
9 1+155 9
Wei"ht of Sample in Saturated 4ry 9 1+2% Speifi Lra&ity of Asphalt 9 2.'5 Speifi Lra&ity of A""re"ates 9 2. 4etermine the 0ul# Speifi Lra&ity of @i? Ans. – 2.2' 1. Li&en Speifi Lra&ity of Asphalt Speifi Lra&ity of A""re"ates 6 Asphalt ontent 6 Air Noids
9 9 9 9
1.1 2.2 6 '6
4etermine the @aimum Theoretial Speifi Lra&ity onsiderin" Air Noid? Ans. – 2.'% 2. What property of mi that has the a!ility to !end sli"htly without ra#in" and to onform to "radual settlement and mo&ements of the !ase and su!-"rade? Ans. – flei!ility %. @ineral filler shall ha&e a plastiity inde of not "reater than . Ans. – ' '. The prime oat should not !e distur!ed for at least hrs. and should not !e to traffi until it has penetrated and ured effiieny. Ans. – 2' opened . mulsified Asphalt is olloidal dispersion of asphalt in water. *t is olored !efore use and turns when the emulsion is !ro#en. Ans. – hoolate+ !la# /. 0ituminous materials should fall with what ran"e of tolerane? Ans. – (Q<-) .'6 . Temperature of miture shall ha&e a ran"e of tolerane of . Ans. – (Q<-) 1R 5. Li&en 4ry Sta!ility Wet Sta!ility Saturated Sta!ility
9 1+/ 9 1+' 9 1+2
4etermine the *nde of retained Stren"th. Ans. – 5.6 7. What is the initial load employed in sta!ility mahine? Ans. – 1 psi 5. What is a small air spae that ours !etween the oated a""re"ates partiles in a ompated mi? Ans. – Air Noids 51. The ompated pa&ement shall ha&e a density e,ual to+ or "reater than+ mass perent of the density of la!oratory speimen prepared in aordane with the . Ans. – 7- @arshall Sta!ility Test 52. What is the measure of the resistane or measure of distortion of the speimen? Ans. – flow inde 5%. Li&en 6 of A+ EA+ @E respeti&ely
9 '+ %+ 2
Sp. Lr. Ff A+ EA+ @E respeti&ely
9 2.+ 2./+ 2.'
What is the speifi "ra&ity of a""re"ates? Ans. – 2./1 5'. What do you all the wearin" away of the pa&ement surfae aused !y the dislod"in" of a""re"ate partile? Ans. – ra&elin" 5. The upward mo&ement in an asphalt pa&ement resultin" in the formation of a film of asphalt on the surfae . Ans. – !leedin" 5/. What is the lon"itudinal surfae depression of the wheel paths? Ans. – ruttin" 5. Li&en Wei"ht of ori"inal sample Wei"ht after tration Fri"inal Wei"ht of filler rin" *nrease of Wei"ht in filler rin"
9 1+1' "rams 9 75 "rams 9 % "rams 9 % "rams
4etermine the asphalt ontent? Ans. – . 55. Eor the same streth of road+ no ore test was onduted at the end of eah days operation. Thus+ ores were ta#en for e&ery 1 linear meters of the ompleted pa&ement. 1 1 1 1 1
m m m m m
.% .1 .1 .2 .
2.2/2 2.%11 2.22 2.2% 2.22/
What is the ,uantity? Ans. – 1/7.2 57. The speimen is tested for sta!ility and flow at R as speified in the standard proedure Ans. – % R 7. *n the desi"n of Air Noids+ will draw down a line at . Ans. – '. 71. Whih of the ff. is not the omponent of Asphalt Plant? 72. 4urin" asphalt onstrution+ what are the ontrolled tests? Ans. – etration test - sta!ility - "radin" 7%. What is the apparatus used to he# the temperature of asphalt mi< Ans. – Armored Thermometer 7'. What do you all the loaliCed upward displaement of a pa&ement due to swellin" of the su!-"rade or some portion of the pa&ement struture? Ans. – uphea&al
7. What do you all the sla! mo&ement under passin" loads resultin" in the e$etion of mitures of water+ sand+ lay or silt alon" trans&erse or lon"itudinal $oints? Ans. – pumpin" 7/. What is the *tem num!er of 0it onrete Surfae ourse+ 1 lot laid? Ans. - %1
MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES SET TWO
1. The standard penetration test (SPT) is an in-situ test that measures what? Ans. – depth of soil layer 2. Whih of the ff. !ituminous material is !est reommended for sealin" wea#ened plane $oints? Ans. – $oint filler asphalt (ommonly alled hard asphalt or !lown asphalt) %. The main pro!lem assoiated with wron" pratie of on&eyin" onrete is alled what? Ans. – se"re"ation '. The speifiation all for 12' onrete mi. *n a one !a""er mier+ whih of the ff. amount of water is most li#ely re,uired for the mi? Ans. – 2 liters . A one lane road+ with a pa&ement was desi"ned to ha&e su!!ase and !ase ourses with a om!ined thi#ness of %mm. *f the thi#ness of the su!!ase is a 12mm+ the spreadin" and ompation of the su!!ase and !ase ourses sha!!y !e earned out in Ans. – % layers o&er the full width of '. m. /. As materials en"ineer+ what is the area of the trial setion that you would reommend to he# the suita!ility of the materials and effiieny of the e,uipment to !e used for *tem %1 0ituminous onrete Surfae ourse? Ans. – a!out s,.m. . Per pro"ram of wor#+ the estimated &olume of *tem 21 materials is u.m. 3ow many "radin" and plastiity tests are re,uired !ased on the 4PW3 minimum testin" re,uirements? Ans. – 2 "radin" and 2 plastiity 5. 0ituminous onrete mies ontain asphalt !y wei"ht e,ui&alent to what? Ans. – to 5 6 7. 8uality of fatory produed reinfored onrete pipes may !e !est esta!lished throu"h what? Ans. – Test of onrete pipe samples 1. Where do we ta#e additional ores when the measurement of any ore ta#en from the pa&ement is defiient in thi#ness !y more than 2mm? Ans. – at no less than meter inter&als parallel to the enterline in eah diretion from the affeted loation 11. The results of the *mmersion-ompression test onduted on an asphalt mi sample are as follows 4ry Sta!ility 9 2+ :pa Wet Sta!ility 9 1+ :pa What is the resultin" *nde of ;etained stren"th? 4oes it meet the speifiation re,uirement of *tem %1+ 0ituminous onrete Surfae ourse? Ans. – *nde ;etained Stren"th or *;S 9 Wet sta!ility 1
4ry sta!ility 9 (1+ :pa<+ :pa) *;S 9 6
1
=>o+ it does not meet the speifiation of *tem %1 sine the speifiation of *;S is 6 minimum while the resultin" *;S here is only 6. 12. 8uality ontrol testin" in a 4PW3 pro$et is the responsi!ility of the ? Ans. – ontrator @aterial n"ineers 1%. As materials en"ineers+ when is the ri"ht time to start samplin" and testin" a""re"ate of the ourse materials? Ans. – !efore the ourse materials !e inorporated in the pro$et 1'. The spot test on asphalt is used to determine what? Ans. – o&erheatin" durin" manufature 1. Bnder what limati onditions do we use the lower penetration "rade or hard asphalt? Ans. – hot limate 1/. Samplin" of the freshly mied onrete should !e ta#en on the !ath dishar"e of the transit mier? Ans. – middle 1. Soft and unsta!le soils were enountered durin" the ourse of su!-"rade preparation. *f you were the materials en"ineer assi"ned to the pro$et+ what is the most effeti&e and heaper method that you would reommend to sta!iliCe the soil prior to the onstrution of the su! !ase ourse? Ans. – "eotetiles 15. 3ow many times per layer should a onrete speimen molded in a /D/D12D !eam mold !e rodded? Ans. – /% times 17. What is the !asis for aeptane or re$etion of any onstrution materials? Ans. – @aterials Test ;eports 2. *n testin" onrete ylinder sample the load applied should !e ontinuous without sho# at a onstant rate within the ran"e of per seond. Ans. – .1' to .%' @pa per seond or 2 to psi per seond 21. 4urin" the appliation of the first half of the antiipated load a loadin" shall !e permitted. Ans. – hi"her rate 22. *nitial rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed with a roller. Ans. – Pneumati Tire ;oller 2%. Einal rollin" in !ituminous mies shall !e performed with a roller. Ans. – % wheel or tandem type steel wheel roller 2'. ;ollin" of 0ituminous mi shall !e disontinued whene&er it !e"ins to produe eessi&e or . Ans. – pul&eriCin" of the a""re"ate or displaement of the miture 2. Einal rollin" shall !e ontinued until roller mar#s are eliminated and a minimum mass perent of the density of the la!oratory ompated a speimen prepared in aordane with AAS3TF T1/ has !een o!tained. Ans. – 7 mass perent
2/. Sample from ompated !ituminous mi shall !e neatly ut !y a saw or ore drill. ah sample shall !e at least . Ans. – 1mm 1mm or 1mm diameter full depth 2. Eor surfae toleranes the surfae (!ituminous mi) will !e he#ed !y the used of a at sites seleted !y the en"ineer. Ans. – % –m strai"ht ed"e 25. What is the samplin" re,uirement for pa&in" onrete for e&ery u.m. or fration thereof. Ans. – one (1) set (onsistin" of % ps.) onrete !eam sample 27. *n testin" !ituminous !eam sample for *mmersion-ompression Sta!ility is soa#ed in water !ath for days. Ans. – ' days or 7/ hrs. %. Li&en Wt. of dry a""re"ate 9 7" Wt. of asphalt 9 " What is the 6 of asphalt !y wei"ht of total mi? Ans. – Wt. of total mi 9 wt. of dry a""re"ate. Q wt. of asphalt 9 7 " Q " 9 1+ " Thereof ( " < 1+ ") 1
9 6
%1. 4oes the perent asphalt in pro!lem I27 meet the re,uired speifiation for perent asphalt in !ituminous mies? Why? Ans. – es+ !eause standard speifiation for perent asphalt in !ituminous mies is 6 to 56 %2. *f the atual perent asphalt in pro!lem I% is 6 and the perent asphalt in a $o!-mi formula is ./6 did it pass the re,uired tolerane? Why? Ans. – >o+ !eause the re,uired tolerane for 6 asphalt in a $o!-mi formula is 1-.'6. %%. Whih is not the duty or responsi!ility of a materials en"ineer? Ans. – ,uantity of onstrution material %'. Whih is the duty or responsi!ility of a materials en"ineer? Ans. – ,uality of onstrution material %. Pro!lems re"ardin" ,uality of onstrution materials shall !e reported diretly !y the ontratorHs materials en"ineer to the . Ans. – 4PW3 @aterials n"ineer %/. 3ow many onrete ylinder sample is re,uired for a % ps. ;einfored onrete ul&ert Pipes (;P)? Ans. – 12 sets (onsistin" of % ps. one+ ylinder per set) %. *f onrete ylinder is not a&aila!le for a % ps. ul&ert pipes+ how many pipes shall !e su!$eted to test? Ans. – / ps+ ul&ert pipes %5. What #ind of test that re,uires ali!rated sand in fillin" the hole in order to determine the &olume of hole? Ans. – Eield 4ensity Test (E4T)
%7. What test that is usin" a rammer and mold? Ans. – @oisture-4ensity ;elation Test or ompation Test '. What #ind of asphalt that has a penetration "rade of to % mm? Ans. – 0lown Asphalt '1. *f there is a neessary to add water to the onrete mi in order to inrease its wor#a!ility (pro&ide onrete does not eeed speified slump)+ how many minutes after the initial time of miin" does addin" water !e permitted? Ans. – not eeedin" ' minutes and that water-ement ration is not eeeded
MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES SET THREE
*tem %1 – 0ituminous onrete Surfae ourse+ 3ot Kaid *tem %1 onsist of onstrutin" a 0ituminous onrete Surfae ourse omposed of A""re"ates+ mineral filler and !ituminous material mied in a ertain plant. 1. What is the 6 wei"ht of a""re"ates (oarse+ fine and mineral filler) in the miture of 0ituminous onrete Surfae ourse? Ans. – 726 to 76 2. What is the perent wei"ht of asphalt in the !ituminous miture? Ans. – 6 to 56 %. 3ow an we esta!lish the eat perenta"e to !e used in the !ituminous miture? Ans. – $o!-mi formula '. What are the two (2) types of !itumen that are ommonly used in !ituminous onrete surfae ourse? Ans. – a.) Tar – is a &isous li,uid o!tained from distillation of oal or wood !.) Petroleum asphalt – are the produts of the distillation of rude oil. . What are the three (%) ma$or petroleum asphalt produts? Ans. – a.) Asphalt ement – produed in &arious &isosity "rades the most ommon Penetration "rade are 2<%+12<1+5<1+/<+'< !.) ut!a# Asphalt – are asphalt mied with sol&ents to redue their &isosity .) mulsified Asphalt (Asphalt emulsion) – are miture of asphalt ement and water with emulsifyin" a"ent. /. What are the sol&ents for ut!a# asphalt? Ans. – a.) "asoline for rapid urin" (;) type !.) #erosene for medium urin" (@) type .) diesel fuel for slow urin" (S) type . mulsified asphalts are either or . Ans. – a.) ationi emulsion - whih wor# !etter with wet a""re"ates and in old weather. !.) anioni emulsion – whih adhere !etter to a""re"ates whih ha&e positi&e har"es. 5. What is the !ituminous material ommonly used in *tem %1? Ans. – Asphalt ement (A) 7. What "reatly influened the ser&ie of an asphalt pa&ement? Ans. – "rade and ,uantity of asphalt
1. What influened primarily the "rade of asphalt seleted? Ans. – limati ondition 11. The lower penetration "rade or hard asphalt is used in ? Ans. – hot limate 12. The hi"her penetration "rade or softer asphalt is used in ? Ans. – old limate 1%. 3ow many wee#s do a produer of asphalt mi or the ontratorHs shall su!mit the $o!-mi formula? Ans. – three (%) wee#s prior to prodution 1'. Who will appro&e the $o!-mi formula? Ans. – 4PW3 Pro$et n"ineer and @aterials n"ineer 1. The $o!-mi formula ontains pro&isions on the ff. Ans. – a.) "radin" of a""re"ates !.) perenta"e and type of asphalt .) temperature of a""re"ates and asphalt d.) temperature of miture upon deli&ery or a time of ompation 1/. What is the primary ,uality ontrol mehanism for the prodution of asphalt miture? Ans. – $o!-mi formula whih shall onform to the ff. ran"es of tolerane Passin" >o.' and lar"er sie&es U 6 Passin" >o.5 and >o.1 sie&es U '6 Passin" >o.2 sie&es U 26 0ituminous materials U .'6 Temperature of miture U 1 R 1. What is the minimum dry ompressi&e stren"th of the miture? Ans. – 1.' @pa ( 2 psi ) 15. The miture shall ha&e a mass perent air &oids with the ran"e of ? Ans. – %.6 17. What is the *nde of ;etained Stren"th of the miture? Ans. – 6 minimum 2. What is the most ommonly used method in the desi"n and e&aluation of !ituminous onrete mies? Ans. – @arshall Sta!ility @ethod 21. The ,uality ontrol tests for asphalt mi are the ff. Ans. – a.) *mmersion ompression Test – determines the *nde of ;etained Stren"th of the mi. !.) tration and Lradin" Test – determines the asphalt ontains and partile siCe distri!ution of oarse and fine a""re"ates .) Ka!oratory 4ensity Test – determines the de"ree and ompation 22. What is the orret temperature that the miture shall !e plaed as measured in the tru# $ust prior to dumpin" into the spreader? Ans. – 1 R 2%. When Tar is used+ what is the temperature that the miture shall !e plaed? Ans. – // R to 1 R
2'. When the ompation is !e done in order to attain the re,uired density? Ans. – when the miture is still hot and wor#a!le 2. What is to !e done in order to determine the num!er of passes that would attain the re,uired density? Ans. – trial setion 2/. What ontrol durin" the miin" and ompation is of "reat si"nifiane in the stren"th of the resultin" pa&ement? Ans. – temperature 2. What #ind of roller should !e used for the initial or !rea#down ompation? Ans. – Pneumati Tire ;oller (not less than 1 tons) 25. Eor the final ompation and smoothin" what #ind of roller must !e used? Ans. – Tandem smooth wheeled roller (not less than 1 tons) 27. What is the speed of the roller? Ans. – #ms.
*T@ %11
'. What is the stren"th re,uirement (Eleural Stren"th) of a onrete when tested !y third point loadin" method? Ans. – %.5 @pa ( psi) '1. *f >o+ ' are tested !y midpoint method what is the stren"th re,uirements? Ans. '. @pa (/ psi) '2. What is the ompressi&e stren"th of the PP (Portland ement onrete Pa&ement) when tested at 1' days? Ans. – 2'.1 @pa (% psi) '%. What is the slump of a wor#a!le onrete if not &i!rated? Ans. – '-mm =if &i!rated the slump is 1-'mm ''. What #ind of forms are to !e used in item %11? Ans. – steel forms and on depth e,ual to the thi#ness of the pa&ement '. 3ow lon" shall the forms remain undistur!ed after onrete pourin"? Ans. – 2' hrs. '/. When onrete is mied in a entral miin" plant how many seonds is the miin" time? Ans. – not less than seonds or more than 7 seonds '. *n transportin" onrete what is the time elapsed from the time water added to the mi until the onrete is deposited in plae at the site? Ans. – it shall not eeed ' minutes if hauled in non a"itatin" tru#s and 7 minutes when hauled in tru# miers or tru# a"itators. '5. 3ow is onrete onsolidated? Ans. – !y the used of &i!rator inserted in the onrete &ertially '7. 3ow many seonds does the &i!rator !e operated in one loation? Ans. – 1 seonds . What #ind of sample should !e ta#en on a onrete pa&ement? Ans. – onrete !eam sample 1. 3ow many sets of sample shall !e ta#en from %% s,.m. of pa&ement? Ans. – 1 set onsistin" of % onrete !eam tests speimens or fration thereof 2. *f the lanes are onreted separately+ what #ind of $oint in a form of #ey or #eyway is used? Ans. – lon"itudinal onstrution $oint %. What #ind of !ars are plaed perpendiular to the $oint stated in no..2? Ans. – deformed steel tie !ars '. What is the other name of trans&erse ontration $oint? Ans. – wea#en planed $oint . What is the depth of the wea#en plane $oint when sawed with a onrete saw? Ans. – not less than mm /. The width of the wea#en plane $oint is ? Ans. – not more than /mm
. When is the ri"ht time to saw the wea#en plane $oint? Ans. – within 2' hrs. as soon as onrete has hardened suffiiently 5. What shall !e done if ra#s appear at or near the $oint prior to the time of sawin"? Ans. – sawin" shall !e omitted 7. Tie !ars shall not !e oated or painted with ? Ans. – asphalt or other materials /. What is the metal de&ie that is used as a load transfer de&ie held in a position parallel to the surfae and enter line of the sla! of pa&ement? Ans. – dowels /1. To protet dowels from orrosion and to failitate slidin" in onrete+ it shall !e oated with ? Ans. – thin film of !itumen /2. The surfae of the pa&ement shall !e rou"hened !y means of ? Ans. – !roomin" /%. What is the depth of the orru"ate produed !y !roomin" in the surfae of the pa&ement? Ans. – 1.mm /'. The surfae of the newly plaed onrete when it is suffiiently set shall !e ured for a period of ? Ans. – 2 hrs. /. The urin" of the pa&ement is done on the ff. Ans. – !y o&erin" the onrete with mats saturated with water - thorou"hly wettin" the pa&ement - !y pondin" - !y applyin" urin" ompound immediately after finishin" of the surfae //. When the ri"ht time is the $oint !e sealed? Ans. – after the urin" period or !efore it is opened to traffi /. What is the *tem ' in a 4PW3 speifiation? Ans. – Lrouted ;iprap /5. What is *tem in a 4PW3 speifiation? Ans. – Stone @asonry /7. What is the differene !etween *tem ' J ? Ans. – plaement of stone or !oulders and the ration of ement and fine sand. . What is the ration of fine a""re"ates to ement num!er of !a"s for "rout in *tem J ? Ans. – for *tem '+ it is 1 part ement % parts fine sand (1%) - for *tem + it is 1 part ement 2 parts fine sand (12)
MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES SET FOUR
1. What is the latest state of the art e,uipment ontainin" a radioati&e material whih is ommonly used in the ompation ontrol of earth and asphalt road onstrution and in the measurement of moisture ontent? Ans. – nulear density "au"e (>4L) 2. What is the instrument that is used for eaminin" the ,uality of ri"id materials suh as ro#s and onrete? (This instrument or e,uipment is a non-destruti&e porta!le instrument with dimensions of 11 15 1/mm and the main uses inlude the determination of onrete stren"th (either in-situ or pre-ast+ also to determine the presene of &oids+ ra#s and other imperfetions.) Ans. – pundit ultrasoni onrete tester %. What is the instrument or e,uipment used for surfae test of onrete and asphalt pa&ements as soon as the asphalt mi has !een initially ompated? Ans. – %-meter strai"ht-ed"e '. is an instrument used to measure pa&ement defletions resultin" from &ehile wheel loadin"s. The results of the elasti deformation tests are used to e&aluate the strutural onditions of roads+ and to help in the desi"n of road stren"thenin" measures and road apaity impro&ements. Ans. – 0en#elman 0eam and 4efletion Ko""er . is a manually-operated de&ie for deri&in" a measurement of rou"hness from the surfae profile+ whih may !e epressed in terms of *nternational ;ou"hness *nde (*;*) Ans. – @;K*> ;oad ;ou"hness @easurin" 4e&ie /. What is the instrument that is used to pinpoint re!arHs+ onduits+ pipes+ nails and other metals em!edded in onrete !efore uttin" or drillin"? Ans. – re!ar loator . is e,uipment whih is used to measure differential defletions !etween $oints of a onrete pa&ement+ to determine the modulus of the eistin" sla!s for use in the desi"n of an o&erlay+ and to estimate the remainin" life of an eistin" pa&ement. Ans. – fallin" wei"ht defletometer 5. is used for the rapid in-situ measurement of the strutural properties of eistin" with un!ound "ranular materials. Ans. – 4ynami one Penetration (4P)
7. *n the onstrution of !rid"e pro$ets+ what is the method used to determine the astin" len"th of the re"ular piles? Ans. – test pilin" 1. What is the thinnest ut-!a# asphalt? Ans. – @-%+
MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES SET FIVE
1. The onrete pa&ement surfae shows hi"h spots of 1mm in a %-meter strai"ht ed"e. The onrete in the area represented !y these hi"h spots. Ans. - shall !e remo&ed and replaed
= !ut if hi"h spots !ein" noted eeeds %mm+ !ut not e eedin" 12mm it shall !e "round down only. 2. Steel !ars plaed alon" lon"itudinal $oints to hold the ad$oinin" sla!s to"ether are alled Ans. – tie !ars %. Whih of the ff. is authoriCed to test materials for use in 4PW3 pro$ets? Ans. – any 4PW3 – aredited pri&ate testin" la!oratory '. To he# the "radation of a""re"ates and the asphalt ontent of laid !ituminous onrete miture+ it shall !e sampled and tested for Ans. – etration test . Eor eah full dayHs operation+ how many asphalt ore samples must !e ta#en for thi#ness determination? Ans. – at least one !ut not more than three ore samples /. @oisture density relation test determines Ans. – maimum dry density and optimum moisture ontent of soil . Thi#ness of in-plaed su!-!ase oarse an !e determined !y Ans. – test pittin" 5. To determine the optimum moisture ontent of soil Ans. – moisture density relation test 7. Soil sta!iliCin" a"ent Ans. – lime- for sil#y and layey soil 1. Type of emulsified asphalt that wor#s !etter with wet a""re"ates and old weather Ans. – ationi emulsion 11. Water ontent at whih passes form plasti to li,uid state. Ans. – li,uid limit 12. Another name of hot asphalt. Ans. – asphalt ement
MATERIALS ENGINEERS REVIEW NOTES SET SIX
1. Portland ement onrete pa&ement is what *tem in 4PW3 SpeHs.? Ans. – *tem %11 2. onrete area represented !y the ores will !e onsidered ade,uate if the a&era"e stren"th is e,ual to? Ans. – 56 of the re,uired stren"th %. Kum!er is onsidered as well – seasoned if the moisture ontent is ? Ans. – 12 – 156 '. Soils an !e lassified aordin" to "rain siCe and plastiity? Ans. – yes . Thi#ness determination for 1#m onrete pa&ement. 3ow many ores shall !e ta#en? Ans. –
/. The resistane of !ituminous mi to moisture dama"e is determined !y . Ans. – *nde of ;etained Stren"th (*;S) . The a&era"e ompressi&e stren"th of a load !earin" onrete hollow !lo#s is . Ans. – 1+ psi 5. 0leedin" of asphalt in !ituminous surfae ourse means . Ans. – o&er asphalt mi 7. What is the result of o&er &i!ration of onrete mi? Ans. – se"re"ation of a""re"ates 1. What is the orreted measurement for 2%./mm onrete ore? Ans. – 2%.mm 11. What are the other terms for partile siCe analysis? Ans. – sie&e analysis - mehanial analysis - "radin" test
22. What is the approimate area for density ontrol strips? Ans. – %% s,.m.
2%. What is the maimum depth of roadway em!an#ments per horiContal layer in loose measurement? Ans. – 2mm (5D) 2'. What item of wor# is em!an#ment? Ans. – *tem 1' 2. What is the #ind of material use for *tem 2? Ans. – a""re"ate su!-!ase ourse 2/. What is the re,uired partile siCe for seleted !orrow for toppin" under *tem 1' (em!an#ment)? Ans. – all partile siCe will pass a sie&e mm or %D s,uare openin"s and not more than 16 mass will pass .mm (>o.2) AAS3TF T-11 2. P.*. re,uirement for *tem 1' (seleted ommon !orrow) is what? Ans. – / maimum 25. KK re,uirements for *tem 1' (seleted ommon !orrow) are what? Ans. – % maimum 27. What is the KK re,uirement for *tem 2 (a""re"ate su!-!ase ourse) passin" sie&e I'? Ans. – % maimum %. P.*. re,uirement of materials passin" sie&e I' for *tem 2? Ans. – 12 maimum %1. oarse portion retained on sie&e I1 (2.mm) for *tem 2 shall ha&e a mass perent of wear !y Kos An"eles a!rasion test of what? Ans. – 6 maimum %2. The re,uired 0; &alue for *tem 2? Ans. – 26 minimum (AAS3TF T-15 method 4) %%. What is the minimum 6 field density or de"ree of ompation for *tem 1' (em!an#ment)? Ans. – 76 minimum %'. What is the minimum de"ree of ompation for *tem 2 and 21? Ans. – 16 minimum %. What is the hi"hest point in moisture density ur&e of the moisture density relation test or ompation test of soil represents? Ans. – @44 (@aimum 4ry 4ensity) and F@ (Fptimum @oisture ontent) %/. What is the re,uired siCe of ali!rated sand used for Eield 4ensity Test? Ans. – any lean+ dry+ free –flowin"+ unemented sand passin" I1 and retained I2 sie&es %. What is the de"ree of ompation of soil ha&in" a maimum dry density 2+2 #".<u.m. and wet density of soil from hole e,ui&alent to 2 +%% #".<u.m. and an a&era"e moisture ontent of 5.56? 6 4e"ree of ompation 9 (4ry 4ensity) < @a 4ry 4ensity) 1 Where 4ry 4ensity 9 Wet 4ensity < (1Q@<1) Wet 4ensity 9 Wt. of soil filled in hole<&olume of hole
6 4e"ree of ompation 9 (1+%%) < V1Q (5.5 < 1) 2.2 9 (2+1'.1 < 2+2) 1 9 7.%'6 %5. *s the soil for >o.' passed the *tem 1' re,uirement for 6 4e"ree of ompation? Ans. – es %7. What are the test and num!er of test needed for 1+5 u.m. *tem 1'? L or Lradin" 9 2 P or Plastiity 9 2 or ompation 9 2 4 or 4ensity 9 three in-situ density tests< s,.m. '. What are the test and num!er of test needed for 2+75 u.m. A""re"ates 0ase ourse (*tem 21)? L 9 1 P 9 1 92 4 9 three in- situ density tests< s,.m. 0; 9 2 (1 test for e&ery 2+ u.m. or fration thereof) 892 '1. What are the apparatus
2. Eor e&ery u.m. of onrete poured+ a minimum of ylinder sample are ta#en in eah day of pourin". Ans. – % %. When tested at 1' days+ the ompressi&e stren"th of onrete is Ans. – %+ psi '. Eorms of onrete pa&ement shall not de&iate from true line !y more than at any point. Ans. – 1 m . When hauled in non-a"itatin" tru#s+ the time elapsed from the water is added to the mi until onrete is deposited in plaed shall not eeed . Ans. – ' minutes maimum /. The depth of the wea#ened plane $oint should at all times not less than Ans. – mm . @inimum ompressi&e stren"th of onrete Ans. – 2+' psi 5. Trans&erse ontration $oint is also alled Ans. – wea#ened plane $oint 7. Ni!rators shall not !e operated lon"er than in any one loation. Ans. – 1 seonds
F>;T ALL;LATS A>4 F>;T /. 3ow many hours does a fine a""re"ates tested for speifi "ra&ity and a!sorption !e soa#ed in water? Ans. – 1 to 17 hrs. /1. 3ow to determine if the fine a""re"ates reahes the saturated surfae dry ondition? Ans. – it is determine !y the use of one test for surfae moisture and if the molded shape of fine a""re"ates slumps sli"htly+ it indiates that it has reahed a surfae dry ondition. /2. What are the tests re,uired for onrete a""re"ates? Ans. – a.) Eine A""re"ates 9 "radin"+ speifi "ra&ity+ a!sorption+ dry unit wt. !.) ourse A""re"ates 9 "radin"+ speifi "ra&ity+ a!sorption+ dry unit wt. and a!rasion >ote soundness is also tested as per re,uest. /%. What is the maimum mass 6 of wear !y Kos An"eles A!rasion Test? Ans. – '6 maimum /'. What is the re,uired speed of Kos An"eles A!rasion @ahine per minute? Ans. – % to %% mm /. What is the siCe or diameter and wei"ht of ast-iron spheres use in a!rasion? Ans. – approimately '/.5 mm diameter and eah wei"hin" !etween %7-' "rams
//. What is the re,uired total wt. of sample for a!rasion test of oarse a""re"ate+ "radin" A with 12 num!ers of spheres? Ans. – + "rams U2 "rams /. What is the si"nifiane of a!rasion test? Ans. – it e&aluates the strutural stren"th of oarse a""re"ates - "i&es an indiation of ,uality as determined !y resistane to impat and wear - it determines whether the a""re"ates will ha&e de"radation durin" traffi of rollin" /5. 8uality test for ement is represented !y how many !a"s of ement? Ans. – 2+ !a"s or tration thereof /7. What is the sie&e use in sie&in" materials form A!rasion @ahine? Ans. – sie&e I 12 (1.mm) . Testin" mahines should !e ali!rated one e&ery si (/) months if possi!le !ut if it is not possi!le what is the re,uired time should the mahine !e ali!rated? Ans. – one a year 1. Perent tolerane of error in ali!ratin" the mahines. Ans. - U 16 2. What is the sample for onrete pa&ement? Ans. – onrete !eam sample %. 3ow many samples should !e ta#en for e&ery u.m. fresh onrete? Ans. – % ps. sample or 1 set sample '. What is the sample for strutural onrete? Ans. – onrete ylinder sample . What is the test use to determine the onsisteny of onrete? Ans. – slump test /. 3ow to ompute for the slump of onrete? Ans. – slump 9 hei"ht of slump one – hei"ht of fresh one after su!sidene . 3ow to ompute for the ompressi&e stren"th of onrete ylinder sample? S 9 P A where P 9 load+ l!s A 9 area+ s,. in A 9 X42 '
9 25.2 in s,
5. At what a"e should a onrete !eam sample !e tested for fleural test? Ans. – 1' days 7. 3ow to ompute the fleural stren"th of onrete !eam sample tested at third Point Koadin"? ; 9 PK A where ; 9 modulus of rapture 9 P (1/H) P 9 load in l!s. of tons /D/D/D K 9 span len"th in inhes 9P 0 9 !ase in inhes 12 A 9 depth in inhes
5. What is the minimum fleural stren"th for third point loadin" test? Ans. – %.5 @pa ( psi) 51. What is the minimum fleural stren"th for enter point loadin" test? Ans. – '. @pa (/ psi) 52. 3ow to ompute for fleural stren"th at enter point loadin" test? ; 9 % PK 2 !d2 9 % P (1/) 2 (/) (/) 5%. Whih part of the !ath for fresh onrete should the sample !e ta#en from a stationary miers+ re&ol&in" drum tru# miers or a"itators? Ans. – two or more re"ular inter&als durin" dishar"e of middle portion of the !ath 5'. What is the siCe of the tampin" rod use in samplin" onrete? Ans. – 1/mm (<5 inhes) diameter and /1mm (2' inhes) lon" with the tampin" end rounded to a hemispherial tip of the same diameter as the rod.
FT3; F>ST;BT*F> @AT;*AKS 5. onrete masonry (hollow !lo#s) if su!$eted to test how many sample is re,uired? Ans. – / ps. < 1+ units = 12 ps. if more than 1+ units 5/. What is the stren"th re,uirement for loadin" !earin" onrete masonry units? Ans. – indi&idual 9 . @pa (% psi) minimum a&era"e (for % samples) 9 /.7 @pa (1+ psi) minimum 5. 3ow a!out for non-load !earin" onrete masonry units what is the re,uired stren"th? Ans. – indi&idual 9 %.' @pa ( psi) minimum a&era"e (for % samples) 9 '.1' @pa (/ psi) minimum 55. What is the si"nifiane of testin" reinforin" steel !ars? Ans. – to determine the yield and tensile stren"th of the !ar as well as its elon"ation and is used to lassify the !ars into "rade 57. What is the re,uired len"th of ;S0 for testin"? Ans. – 1 meter < 1+ #"s. < siCe < shipment 7. What is the si"nifiane of !endin" test for ;S0? Ans. – to e&aluate the dutile properties of ;S0 71. What is the re,uired siCe of test speimen for L.*. Sheets? Ans. – /mm /mm (% ps. from one (1) sheet < 1+ sheets 72. What is the re,uired sample for paints? Ans. – 1 an ("al. or pail) < 1 ans ("al. or pail) 7%. What #ind of paint that has a refletane in the form of !eads? Ans. – refletoriCed traffi plant 7'. What is the ommon omponent of house paints? Ans. – pi"ment and &ehile
7. What is this onstrution material that is dar# !rown to !la# ementations material in whih the predominatin" onstituents are !itumen? Ans. – asphalt 7/. What asphalt is ommonly alled hot asphalt? Ans. – asphalt ement 7. What is li,uid asphalt? Ans. – ut-!a# asphalt and emulsified asphalt 75. What is the use of !lown asphalt or hard asphalt? Ans. – use as $oint filler or water proofin" 77. SS-* or SS-*3 is what #ind of asphalt? Ans. – slow settin" emulsified asphalt 1.
What are the three #inds of emulsified asphalt? Ans. – rapid settin"+ medium settin"+ slow settin"
11.
What asphalt ontains water? Ans. – emulsified asphalt
12.
What is the penetration "rade for !lown asphalt? Ans. – to %
1%.
What is the ideal penetration "rade of asphalt use in tropial re"ions? Ans. – 5 to 1 (!ut some uses / to )
1'.
Ta# oat is use in an eistin" !ituminous of onrete pa&ement. True or false? Ans. – true
1.
What is the rate of appliation for !ituminous ta# oat? Ans. – .2 to . K
1/.
What is the re,uired siCe of test speimen for L.*. sheets? Ans. – / mm / mm (% ps. from one (1) sheet) < 1+ sheets
1.
What is the re,uired sample for paints? Ans. – refletor Ced traffi paint
15.
What is the ommon omponent of house paints? Ans. – pi"ment and &ehile
17.
What is this onstrution material that is dar# !rown to !la# ementations material in whih the predominatin" onstituents are !itumen? Ans. – asphalt
11.
What asphalt is ommonly alled hot asphalt? Ans. – asphalt ement
111.
Eor how many hours or how lon" shall a !ituminous prime oat left undistur!ed? Ans. – 2' hrs.
112.
What #ind of asphalt is use as prime oat? Ans. – ut-!a# asphalt (medium urin" or rapid urin")
11%.
0ituminous prime oat is use to treat the surfae of !ase ourse. True or false? Ans. – true
11'.
>o ta# oat or prime oat shall !e applied when the weather is fo""y or rainy. True or false? Ans. – true
11.
What #ind of asphalt is use as ta# oat? Ans. – ut-!a# asphalt (rapid urin") or emulsified asphalt
11/.
Where should the !ituminous seal oat !e used? Ans. – on an eistin" !ituminous surfae ourse with or with out an appliation of a""re"ates.
11.
*f onrete ylinder sample for ;P is not a&aila!le for ompressi&e test+ one (1) whole piee ;P for e&ery piees ;P will !e su!mitted for ,uality test. True or false? Ans. – true
115.
Fne set (% ps.) onrete ylinder sample shall !e ta#en for e&ery how many piees of ;P? Ans. – 2 piees
REVIEW FOR MATERIALS ENGINEERS ACCREDITATION
F>;T 1. The most important fator affetin" the stren"th of onrete. Ans. – water – ement ratio 2. As wor# pro"resses in a onrete pa&ement onstrution samplin" of onrete for fleural stren"th test determination should !e ta#en usin" Ans. – !eam mold G /% stro#es per layer %. *n order to determine the onsisteny of a onrete miture+ the most ommon method is Ans. – slump test '. The stren"th le&el of onrete for *tem %.11 will !e onsidered satisfatory if Ans. – the a&era"e of all sets of three (%) onseuti&e stren"th test results e,uals or eeed the speified stren"th and no indi&idual result is defiieny !y 1 6 of the speified stren"th. . *n onrete pa&in" a wor#a!le onrete should ha&e a slump of Ans. – '-mm if not &i!rated /. When transportin" onrete in a non-a"itatin" tru#+ the time elapse from the time the water is added to the mi until the onrete is deposited in plae at site Ans. – shall not !e eeedin" ' minutes . *n a onrete pa&in"+ 1+/5 !a"s of ement shall !e onsumed up to its ompletion+ ompute for the num!er of ,uality test re,uired. Ans. – 7 5. A lass 0 onrete re,uires a minimum ompressi&e stren"th of Ans. – 2+' psi
7. Fne of the most important harateristis of onrete is wor#a!ility+ whih "enerally mean Ans. – the onrete mi ould !e easily plaed without se"re"ation 1. Sawin" of onstrution $oint shall !e done when the onrete is suffiiently hardened usually at Ans. – 2' hrs. 11. A non-load !earin" hollow !lo#s should ha&e an indi&idual stren"th re,uirement a&era"e of Ans. – at least %.' @pa ( psi)+ '.1' @pa (/ psi) minimum 12. What is *tem ? Ans. – Stone @asonry
