IBS for Engineer

Rosenberger S-Cell In-Building Solutions (IBS)

R

Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.


TCC, 06.02.2006

Today’ s topics 0. Rosenberger worldwide 1. Concept of IBS 2. Line amplifier 3. Passive equipment 4. Connector installation 5. Design case study


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0. Rosenberger worldwide

Production and sales Sales offices Representatives


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1. Concept of IBS


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1.1 Why should we construct IBS IBS means Wireless In-Building Solutions

Powerwave’s picture


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1.1 Why should we construct IBS Huge quantities of buildings


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1.1 Why should we construct IBS Stadium Hotel

Restaurant Business mansion Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.1 Why should we construct IBS


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1.2 Where to be needed IBS “Cellular” design concept, invented by AT&T in 1958 BTS at the center of every “cell” Cells must overlap


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1.2 Where to be needed IBS

Coverage

Solving the problem about no wireless signal area Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.2 Where to be needed IBS From macro cell

Poor coverage, low bit-rates for data services and unacceptable quality.


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Using repeater

Poor coverage, low bit-rates for data services and unacceptable quality. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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Capacity

Increasing simultaneous communication ability Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.2 Where to be needed IBS Traffic pressure on macro cell Network capacity = 500 users 400 users in the streets 300 users of mall patrons Total users = 700

500 network capacity < 700 total users Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.2 Where to be needed IBS Remove mall patrons

Creating an individual infrastructure

500 network capacity > 400 total users Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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Quality

Improving wireless signal environment on the upper floors Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.2 Where to be needed IBS z

Offices / industries

z

Airports and bus / train stations

z

Conference and exhibition centres

z

Hospitals

z

Hotels

z

Shopping malls


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1.3 What is IBS Evenly distribute signals into every corner


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1.3 What is IBS

Features of IBS


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1.4 Methods to achieve IBS Direct access to BTS Stable signal source Increasing network capacity


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1.4 Methods to achieve IBS Coupling from adjacent BTS To mobile phone

Stable signal source Cost-efficient Directional Coupler


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1.4 Methods to achieve IBS Donor antenna

Using repeater Construct quickly

cable BTS

Repeater


Retransmission antenna

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1.4 Methods to achieve IBS Huge amounts of buildings


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1.4 Methods to achieve IBS

Tunnel application Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.4 Methods to achieve IBS Repeater block diagram


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1.5 Constitution of IBS

BTS BTS Repeater Repeater

PassiveDAS DAS Passive ActiveDAS DAS Active Leakagecable cableDAS DAS Leakage

Signal source

DAS


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1.5 Constitution of IBS DAS Distributed antenna system


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1.6 Several approaches for getting signal Using BTS

Passive distribution system and Active distribution system Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.6 Several approaches for getting signal Line amplifier block diagram


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1.6 Several approaches for getting signal Using adjacent BTS Repeater

Repeater


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1.6 Several approaches for getting signal Using repeater

Donor

Repeater

Repeater


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1.7 Basic approaches for signal coverage Passive coverage

InnerWireless’ picture


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1.7 Basic approaches for signal coverage Active coverage - 1



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1.7 Basic approaches for signal coverage

Active coverage - 2 Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.7 Basic approaches for signal coverage Leakage cable coverage

Signals

Repeater

Combiner

Micro BTS


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Site survey Theory validation Proposal design Procurement Installation & Construction Checking & Acceptance Wireless service initiation


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Basic survey Building location ( longitude & latitude ) Storey plane structure wall direction

Original signal information LAC ( location area code ) CID ( cell identity ) Channel number Signal strength

location of equipment room Installing condition


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Theory validation Formula of indoor space transmission loss

L (dB) = 20log10d (m) + 30log10f (MHz) – 28 +α L is transmission loss between the antenna and the testing point d is the path between the antenna and the testing point, f is the carrier frequency, α: glass ＝ 6 ~ 10dB partition ＝ 10 ~ 15dB prefab board ＝ 20 ~ 30dB Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.8 IBS engineering construction 7 factors to be concerned in proposal design

Signal Signal source source Distribution Distribution of of electric electric field field Reverse Reverse S/N S/N Ratio Ratio Intermodulation Intermodulation Balance Balance of of forward forward & & reverse reverse link link Transmission Transmission loss loss Construction Construction difficulty difficulty


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Proposal design

General

Project general

Tech. Specs.

System specs.

Foundation Engineer scale

Equipment specs.

Principle

Design Site survey Source selection Antenna location System configuration

Engineering

Material list

Device room

Equipment list

Cable layout Component installation

Accessories list

Simulation Spillover analysis


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1.8 IBS engineering construction GSM system specifications Drop-off rate

< 1％

Edge level

> -75 dBm

Interference protection in same frequency range C/I

≥12 dB（without frequency hopping）

C/I

≥9 dB（ frequency hopping）

Uplink noise

< -125 dBm

Typical power at antenna port

5 ~ 15 dBm ( except for lift well )

Outdoor overflow signal

< -85 dBm

Hand-over success probability

> 95 %

Area with RxQual better than level 3

> 95 %

Turn-on rate Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

> 95 % (more than 95% area can be turned on) TCC, 06.02.2006

1.8 IBS engineering construction CDMA System Specifications FER

<1%

Outdoor overflow signal

< -90 dBm

Typical power at antenna port

5 ~ 15 dBm

TX

< - 10 dBm

Rx_level

> - 85 dBm

Ec/Io in 90% of area

> - 8 dB


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Start Start

Construction Tool, Tool,material material preparation preparation

Preparation Preparation

End End

Site Siteclean cleanup up

Technical Technical preparation preparation

Equipment Equipmententry entry

Checking Checkingmaterial material

Cable Cabledistribution distribution Criteria Criteria

Installation Installation Label Label


Commissioning Commissioning

Installation Installationcriteria criteria

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1.8 IBS engineering construction Minimum bending radius of feeder cables Repeated Bending Radius

Single Bending Radius

1/2” super flexible

30 mm

15 mm

1/2” regular

120 mm

50 mm

7/8” regular

240 mm

90 mm

1/2” cable

7/8” calbe

Horizontal distribution

1.5 m

2.0 m

Vertical distribution

1.0 m

1.5 m

Distance of feeder clips

Label requirements

Combiner Termination load

ANTn-m PSn-m Tn-m CBn-m LDn-m

Cable

Start: to-equipment

Antenna Power splitter Directional coupler

End: from-equipment

Note：n is the equipment number, m is floor number where the equipment is installed.


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1.8 IBS engineering construction System quality

Engineering quality Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.8 IBS engineering construction Shared infrastructure model



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1.8 IBS engineering construction

Typical infrastructure model


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Legend

InnerWireless’ picture Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.8 IBS engineering construction Retail venues



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1.8 IBS engineering construction Campus Venues



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1.8 IBS engineering construction WLAN – 1


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1.8 IBS engineering construction WLAN – 2


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1.8 IBS engineering construction WLAN frequency band


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Material and components Connector Cable Power splitter Directional coupler 3 dB 90º hybrid ( 3 dB quadrature hybrid ) Combiner Attenuator Termination load Antenna Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.8 IBS engineering construction Connector Low insert loss Low VSWR Easy to be installed


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Cable 1/2’’ S Super flexible

1/2’’ Flexible 7/8’’ Flexible


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Cable return loss 12 14

Competitors: 410 - 470 MHz < 24 dB 824 - 970 MHz < 24 dB 1700 - 2200 MHz < 24 dB

16

RL ( dB )

18 20 22 24

26 dB

26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

f ( MHz ) Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.8 IBS engineering construction Cable VSWR - voltage standing wave ratio 1.2 1.19 1.17 1.16

VSWR

1.15

Typical 1.1 : 1

1.13 1.12 1.11 1.09 1.08 1.07 1.05 1.04 1.03 1.01 1

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

f ( MHz ) Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.8 IBS engineering construction Cavity power splitter 2-way High power rating Low insert loss 3-way

4-way Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.8 IBS engineering construction Microstrip power splitter High isolation Low VSWR

2-way

4-way

3-way


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Directional coupler Coupling attenuation 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 15, 20, 25, 30 dB Coupling port


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Input port

3dB 90 °hybrid High power rating High isolation

Output port Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.8 IBS engineering construction Common port

Combiner

Branch port A Branch port B Supply many types of combiners with various connectors Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.8 IBS engineering construction Attenuator


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Termination load

Power rating from 2 to 50W


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1.8 IBS engineering construction Antenna Easy to be installed

Ceiling mounted Wall mounted Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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1.9 How to judge a good project about IBS Seamless in-building connectivity Obsolescence-resistant Support of all major wireless carriers Support for future services

Especially 3G In-Building Wireless Deployment Schematic Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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2. Line amplifier


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2.1 Front & rear outline

Special key


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2.2 Principle diagram Duplexer Downlink RF HPA

Uplink RF LAN

Power Supply

Duplexer CPU & Modem

BS port Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

RS232 port

MS port TCC, 06.02.2006

2.3 Modules in-cabinet RX

TX

RX

TX

CD-ROM

1. Duplexer 2. Uplink LNA 3. Power supply 1. 双工器 4. coupler 2. 20dB 上行功放整件 3. CPU 电源模块 5. board 4. 20dB耦合器 5. Duplexer CPU板 6. 6. 双工器 7. 7. Downlink 下行功放整件 HPA

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Data cable


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2.4 Bottom outline

Power cable


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2.5 Explanation of bottom outline 1. BS connetor 2. GND 3. Limiter LED 4. Alarm LED 5. MS connetor 6. Power supply

Note: 1. BS connetor: Signal facing donor Base station (BS) 2. MS connetor: Signal facing mobile phone (MS) Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

Grounding wire TCC, 06.02.2006

2.6 Schematic installation


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3. Passive equipment


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3.1 2-way cavity power splitter Output VSWR 3:1

Output A 17Ω

Input 50Ω Output B 17Ω Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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3.1 2-way cavity power splitter Output A

Input

Output B Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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3.1 2-way cavity power splitter High power rating > 700W @ 0.8~2.5 GHz for 7-16 > 300W @ 0.8~2.5 GHz for N

Low insertion loss < 0.1dB dissipative loss

Input VSWR < 1.2 : 1

2-way P/N: SLS-2-6F-DF, for 7-16 P/N: SLS-2-6F-NF, for N

Total Insertion loss ( for IBS project ) 3.1 dB Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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Output A 10Ω Output C 10Ω

Input 50Ω Output B 10Ω Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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Output A 7Ω Output C 7Ω

Input 50Ω

Output D 7Ω Output B 7Ω


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3.4 2-Way microstrip power splitter High isolation > 20dB @ 0.8~2.5 GHz

Low VSWR < 1.2 : 1 @ 0.8~2.5 GHz

2-way Total Insertion loss ( for IBS project ) 3.2 dB

P/N: SLSM-2-6F-DF, for 7-16 P/N: SLSM-2-6F-NF, for N


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Low VSWR < 1.2 : 1 @ 0.8~2.5 GHz

Total Insertion loss ( for IBS project ) 5.0 dB

3-way



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Low VSWR < 1.2 : 1 @ 0.8~2.5 GHz

Total Insertion loss ( for IBS project ) 6.2 dB

4-way



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3.7 2-Way microstrip power splitter – Downlink Power rating 50 watts

Input

Output A

Output B Output C


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3.7 3-Way microstrip power splitter – Uplink Attention! Power rating 1 watts each Output A

Input

Output B Output C


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3.8 Directional coupler - Downlink Coupling Output Input


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3.9 Directional coupler - Uplink Coupling Output Input


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3.10 Microstrip directional coupler Type number

Coupling, dB Main loss, dB

SLDCM-5-6F-NF/DF

5

2.3

SLDCM-6-6F-NF/DF

6

1.7

SLDCM-7-6F-NF/DF

7

1.5

SLDCM-8-6F-NF/DF

8

1.2

SLDCM-10-6F-NF/DF

10

0.8

SLDCM-13-6F-NF/DF

13

0.5

SLDCM-15-6F-NF/DF

15

0.4

SLDCM-20-6F-NF/DF

20

0.3

SLDCM-25-6F-NF/DF

25

0.2

SLDCM-30-6F-NF/DF

30

0.2


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3.11 Cavity coupler Coupling

Input Output Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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3.11 Cavity coupler INPUT VSWR

< 1.2 : 1

Coupling attenuation 5, 6, 7, 10, 15, 25, 25, 30, 40 dB 20-40 dB 5-15 dB

Input Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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3.11 Cavity coupler Type number

Coupling, dB Main loss, dB

SLC-5-6F-NF

5

1.7

SLC-6-6F-NF

6

1.3

SLC-7-6F-NF

7

1.0

SLC-10-6F-NF

10

0.5

SLC-15-6F-NF

15

0.2

SLC-20-6F-NF

20

0.1

SLC-25-6F-NF

25

0.1

SLC-30-6F-NF

30

0.1

SLC-40-6F-NF

40

0.1


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3.12 3dB 90° 90 hybrid (3dB quadrature hybrid) BTS

Tx / Rx

MS side

antenna A


Rx

antenna B TCC, 06.02.2006

3.12 3dB 90° 90 hybrid (3dB quadrature hybrid) High power rating

Input port

> 120W @ 0.8~2.5 GHz

High isolation > 23dB @ 0.8~2.5 GHz

Coupling attenuation ( for IBS project ) 3.2 dB P/N: SLHM-3-6F-DF, for 7-16 P/N: SLHM-3-6F-NF, for N Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

Output port TCC, 06.02.2006

3.13 Combiner GSM900 BTS DAS GSM 1800 BTS Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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3.13 Combiner Total Insertion loss ( for IBS project ) 0.5 dB

P/N: SLCB-2-CU-NF Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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3.13 Combiner Total Insertion loss ( for IBS project ) 0.6 dB

P/N: SLCB-3-GGU-NF Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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3.14 Attenuator 2 watts

5 watts


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3.14 Attenuator Type number

Attenuation, dB

SLA-3-X-N

3

SLA-6-X-N

6

SLA-10-X-N

10

SLA-15-X-N

15

SLA-20-X-N

20

SLA-30-X-N

30

Remark: X=2 for 2 watts, X=5 for 5 watts


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3.15 Termination load


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3.15 Termination load Type number

Power rating, W

SLL-2-NM

2

SLL-5-NM

5

SLL-10-NY

10

SLL-20-XY

20

SLL-30-XY

30

SLL-50-XY

50

Remark: X=D for 7-16 connector, X=N for N connector Y=M for male connector, Y=F for female connector Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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3.16 Ceiling mounted antenna

P/N: S-Wave6F-OD-2-CA P/N: S-Wave6F-OD-2-CA-02 Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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3.16 Ceiling mounted antenna


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3.17 Wall mounted antenna

P/N: S-Wave6F-90-7-W-CA


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4. Connector installation


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4.1 Connector for 1/2”R cable

Connector Installation (53S1C6-C03, 53K1C6-C03 60S1C6-C03, 60K1C6-C03)

for 1/2”R Cable


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4.1.1 Mechanical characteristics 1. Used for 1/2‘‘R corrugated cable 2. Center conductor plugged 3. Outer conductor clamped 4. Connector consist of Part A and B


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4.1.2 Installation tools 1. Stripping tool (60W007-C03-C) 2. Enlarging tool 3. 22# wrench 4. 22# wrench 5. Hacksaw 6. Pliers 7. Rasp & file 8. Clean cloth


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4.1.3 Step 1

Before stripping, saw the first 50mm cable, then make the cut flat and the cable straight for 200mm long at the very least. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.4 Step 2

Insert the cable into the stripping tool, then rotate the stripping tool in the clockwise direction. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.5 Step 3 Peak of corregation

After the first stripping, the outer condutor may be not cut on the peak of corrugation. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.6 Step 4 peak

cut

a

Note the length of a!

After the first stripping, the outer condutor may be not cut on the peak of corrugation. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.7 Step 5

We should clip the center conductor by the length of a and strip the cable again. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.8 Step 6

Shave the center conductor and outer conductor. Copper corrugattion must be polished. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.9 Step 7

Stripping requirement Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.10 Step 8 15mm

12mm

After the stripping the outer conductor must be on the peak of the corrugation. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.11 Step 9

Clean the center conductor, the dielectric and the outer conductor. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.12 Step 10

Remove and seperate the connector into A and B part. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.13 Step 11

Slide part “B” onto the cable until it snaps in at first corrugation valley. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.14 Step 12

Pattern standard Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.15 Step 13

Pay more attention that the ferrule must be snaped in the first corrugation valley. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.16 Step 14 Enlarging tool Outer conductor Center conductor

Enlarging pattern Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.16 Step 14

Enlarge the outer conductor and chamfer the center conductor with enlarging tool. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.17 Step 15

Clean the center conductor, the dielectric and the outer conductor again. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.18 Step 16

Fix the part B and screw the part A with hands to join the part B. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.19 Step 17

Fix the part B and screw the part A to join the part B. Finally tighten them with two wrenches. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.20 Step 18

Standard for space Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.1.21 Done


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4.2 Connector for 7/8”R cable

Connector Installation (53S1C6-C05, 53K1C6-C05, 60S1C6-C05, 60K1C6-C05) for 7/8”R Cable


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4.2.1 Connector outline


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4.2.2 Mechanical characteristics 1. Used for 7/8‘‘R corrugated cable 2. Center conductor plugged 3. Outer conductor clamped 4. Connector consist of Part A, B and C


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4.2.3 Installation tools 1. Stripping tool (60W007-C05) 2. 22# Wrench 3. 32# Wrench 4. 32# Wrench 5. Hacksaw 6. Pincers 7. Ruler 8. Knife 9. Brush 10. Rasp & file


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4.2.4 Step 1

Before stripping, saw the first 50mm cable, then make the cut flat and the cable straight for at least 200mm long.


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4.2.5 Step 2

Then use the smaller blade to cut the jacket by turning the striping tool Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.6 Step 3

A knife is also necessary. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.7 Step 4

Peel off the jacket. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.8 Step 5

Put the valley in the fixation ring, the bigger blade will match peak of the corrugation automaticly. Rotate stripping tool follow the marker attached Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.9 Step 6 28

In the same time the smaller blade will mark a loop on the jacket so that you can remove the redundant part easily Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.10 Step 7 1 is called part A, 2 plus 3 are called part B

Separate the connector into two parts shown in chart. Do not hurt the inner surface.


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4.2.11 Step 8 Rubber washer

Metal washer

Don’t separate part B; If you open it, please connect as the chart. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.12 Step 9 2

3

Insert part B and C onto the cable ,then put the spring circle into the wave though. Don‘t tightly fix part B with part C. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.13 Step 10

Press the insulation part.


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4.2.14 Step 11

Insert the guide shaft into the inner connector, rotate, flare the outer conductor. Deburr the connector. Don‘t move the rubber plug.


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4.2.15 Step 12

Insert the guide shaft into the inner connector, rotate, flare the outer conductor. Deburr the connector. Don‘t move the rubber plug. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.16 Step 13

Insert the guide shaft into the inner connector, rotate, flare the outer conductor. Deburr the connector. Don‘t move the rubber plug. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.17 Step 14

Insert part 1 to the cable and connect part 2 Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.18 Step 15


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4.2.19 Step 16

Fix Part 2 with Spanner 32# and screw Part 1 with Spanner 22# to the end. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.20 Step 17

Fix Part 3 with Spanner 32# and screw Part 2 with Spanner 32# to the end. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.21 Step 18

Fix part A with part B Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

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4.2.22 Done


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5. Design case study


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5.1 Signal source • Single zone - Only one cell and one DAS (Distributed Antenna System) connected to this cell • Dual zone - Used for bigger building and one cell can not cover the whole building and have to use two DAS (such as cell + line amplifier or two cells) - The line amplifier or second cell must be put in difference area, not in the first cell


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5.2 Verification of the signal source • Scale of coverage area - The proportion - The structure of the building • Traffic measure - Traffic = (mobile×0.025) Erl (traffic per mobile subscriber is 25 mErlang with GOS included) 　　 - Carriers and traffic Carriers Erl

1

2

3

4

2.28

8.2

14.04

21.04


5

6

7

28.25 34.68 42.12

8 48.7

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5.3 Step by step design procedures • Total survey - Preparation - BTS distribution around the site and the building location and structure - Site coverage requirement - Instrument and documentation preparation - Locale survey - Building proportion, distribution and floor function, lift location - Distribution of electric field in the coverage area　 - The amount of the mobile users


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5.3 Step by step design procedures • Electric field survey - BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), BCCH signal strength, BSIC (Base Station Identity Code), LAC (Location Area Code), CI (Cell Identity), C1, C2 and RxQual - Statistics of turn-on rate, dropped call rate, the handover and electromagnetic disturbance area - Ping-Pang effect area and BCCH signal strength - Islanding effect area and BCCH signal strength - Neighbouring cell BCCH and neighbouring cell BCCH signal strength - Dead zone and weak signal zone - Roaming signal area and BCCH signal strength - Frequency hopping or not and the cell name


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5.3 Step by step design procedures • Verification of signal source • Simulation - Based on electric field survey of the coverage area, make the first design and simulate according to the antennas location and fix on the last antennas location - Make the simulation analyze report with the result of simulation. • Based on the survey data, carry out proposal design - Proposal design is the gist of project price and install, as well as the key of network optimization and quality of DAS　


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5.4 Site Survey • Site location (site address, longitude and latitude)

• Building floor number, total area and the structure • Coverage area description (floor number, proportion) • Location and amount of building stair half, lifts and electric shaft • The storey where lifts arrive • The place where cable enter lift shaft • Location of the active equipments • The spare space of route in electric shaft • Ensure the route of the cable installation • Location of the power supply and how connected to the active equipments • Location of the grounding and the earth resistance 　　　


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5.5 Floor Plan survey • Get the floor plan the other information from the owner • Learn the building exact proportion and the structure(location of electric shaft and the lifts) • Draw the floor plan in detail(storey size, rooms and walkway, location of electric shaft and the lifts) if the owner can’t provide • Draw all floor plan for the different storey and just one for the same structure storey • Draw the pillar and the stair for reference and sign the passageway on it • Sign the location of antennas and active device and the route of cable on the floor plan when survey


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5.6 Use of the passive equipment • Antenna selected: the coverage area, the frequency range, the building structure and the owner requirement • Combine：the hybrid is for the same frequency network and the combiner is for the different frequency network, but the power splitter can not be used as combiner or hybrid because the return loss is not good for the BTS • Power rating：select the passive device according to the feed-in power.For example, micro BTS output shall combine with hybrid which power rating is upwards to 40 watts, as well as the power splitter and coupler • Isolation：to exclude disturbance when combine, consider of the device isolation the hybrid which isolation is upwards to 20dB is for the same frequency network and the combiner which isolation is upwards to 80dB is for the different frequency network


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5.6 Use of the passive equipment • Power distributed： distribute power using the coupler or power splitter.For example coupler with coupling attenuation 5/6/7/8/10/13/15/ 20/25/30dB and power splitter with 2-way/3-way/4-way • Frequency range:selected passive device according to the system frequency range requirement • Cable selected:select the different attenuation cable according to the transmission loss and the active device input/output port shall be connected with super flexible jumper cable • Others：the price and capability ratio, the installation environment


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5.7 Creating the materials list • Materials list shall consist of the material name, part number, quantity and suppler

• The part number and quantity in materials list must correspond to the system diagram

• All the main materials quantity such as repeater, power splitters couplers etc. must be exact right, but the cable and the connectors shall be free 10% for spare, as well as the assistant material

• Attach the specification of main materials below the materials list


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5.8 Verification of solution for a single zone • Design theory - Typical power at antenna port: 5 ~ 15 dBm ( except for lift well ) and the exact power at antenna port shall follow the result of simulation - To reject the roaming, the edge level must be stronger 6dB than the current level - To distribute the traffic, the edge level must be stronger 6dB than the current level - To solve the islanding effect, the edge level must be stronger 6dB than the current level - For the Ping-Pang effect,adjust the resource BTS cell_reselect C2 to 5

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5.8 Verification of solution for a single zone • GSM System Specifications - Turn-on rate: > 95 % (more than 95% area can be turned on) - Edge level: > -85 dBm - Traffic per mobile subscriber: 25m Erlang - GOS: 2% - Uplink noise: < -120 dBm - Area with RxQual better than level 3: > 95 % - Hand-over success probability: > 95 % - Interference protection in same frequency range C/I:

≥12 dB（without frequency hopping）

C/I:

≥9 dB（ frequency hopping）


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5.8 Verification of solution for a single zone • Signal even coverage with distribute antenna systems • For the building area less than 15,000m2 • Transmit signal to all building area using cable, couplers and power splitters


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5.8 Verification of solution for a single zone Micro BTS

28.5dBm -2.4dB/35m 26.1dBm T1-2F/6dB

-1.6dB/22m

20.1dBm 18.9dBm -1.2dB/16m 24.4dBm

-1.4dB/19m

14.1dBm

-2.8dB/39m

11.3dBm

14.1dBm

-2.8dB/39m

11.3dBm

PS1-2F 9.8dBm 12.8dBm 9.8dBm

22.8dBm 12.8dBm

T2-1F/10dB

-1.5dB/21m 12.6dBm

14.1dBm

22dBm

PS1-1F

20.4dBm 18.7dBm 14.4dBm

ANT3-2F ANT1-1F ANT2-1F

-1.5dB/21m

12.4dBm

ANT3-1F

13.9dBm

-2.1dB/30m

11.8dBm

ANT3-1F

-1.6dB/22m

12.3dBm

ANT4-1F

PS2-1F 9.9dBm

-1.5dB/21m

8.3dBm

-1.5dB/20m

ANT2-2F

13.9dBm

13.9dBm

T1-1F/6dB

9.8dBm

ANT1-2F

12.9dBm

Specifications　

9.9dBm

-1dB/13m

8.9dBm

ANT5-1F ANT6-1F

PS3-1F

6 dB coupler insertion loss ≦ 1.7dB 　10 dB coupler insertion loss ≦ 0.8dB 　15dB~30dB coupler insertion loss ≦ 0.4dB 　2-way power splitter split loss :3.0dB nominal 　3-way power splitter split loss :4.8dB nominal


9.9dBm

1/2" cable attenuation ≦ 7dB/100m@900MHz 7/8" cable attenuation ≦ 4dB/100m@900MHz 13/8“ cable attenuation ≦ 2.4dB/100m@900MHz 4-way power splitter split loss :6.0dB nominal

TCC, 06.02.2006

5.8 Verification of solution for a single zone • Coverage area electric field analysis (1) Power at antenna port：8dBm (2) 30 meters of space transmission loss: -60dB (3) Antenna gain：G=2.1dBi (4) Partition loss + multipath fading: -25dB 30 meters

(5) Signal strength at S: PR=8 +2.1-60 -25= -74.9dBm

S Formula of space transmission loss L (dB) = 20logd (m) + 20logf (MHz) – 28 d is the path between the antenna and the testing point, f is the carrier frequency, Transmission loss in : glass ＝ 6 ~ 10dB


partition ＝ 10 ~ 15dB

prefab board ＝ 20 ~ 30dB　

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5.9 Verification of solution for a dual zone • A cell + line amplifiers

Modem

Measure

－ Line amplifier specifications - Gain：20~40dB（uplink），25~ 45dB（downlink）

- Output power： -10dBm (Uplink)，37dBm/carrier(Downlink) - Noise figure: 5dB maximum - ALC control


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5.9 Verification of solution for a dual zone 10.8 10dBm 11.5dBm -10dB

0dBm

30dBm/CH

Line amplifier -Line

amplifier application

-A micro BTS+DAS can only solve the area less than 15,000m2 normally

- For a bigger building we need line amplifier to raise the signal power when transmission loss hard

　　-The line amplifier can raise both uplink and downlink signal power and better RxQual, so line amplifier can enlarge the coverage area effectually


TCC, 06.02.2006

5.9 Verification of solution for a dual zone • Cell + Cell -Design theory(See a single zone in-building systems) - Dual zone plot -The two cell hand-over area shall be not so many personnel plot; -The hand-over time shall be more than six seconds,that means there are more than six seconds that the mobile can receive the two cells signal at the same time when pass the hand-over area; -lift coverage: there are more than six seconds that the mobile can receive the two cells signal at the same time when antennas are installed in the lift shaft; -GSM System Specifications (See a single zone in-building systems).


TCC, 06.02.2006

Thank you! Welcome to Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd. Ltd


TCC, 06.02.2006

Glossary Active (also, Active Electronics) Within in-building wireless terminology, active refers to any equipment that utilizes powered electronics to transport (not generate) radio signals. Air Interface The type of radio transmission protocol used by service providers to transmit and receive their signals. These include analog, TDMA, GSM, iDen, CDMA and newer data overlays such as GPRS, WCDMA and CDMA 2000 1x. WiFi™ and Bluetooth™ also contain their own specialized air interface protocols. Antenna Device used to radiate/receive radio waves for/from propagation through the atmosphere.


TCC, 06.02.2006

Glossary Attenuation The effect of natural and man-made materials on the strength (or reduction thereof) of radio signals as they propagate along the intended path. Building exteriors, in particular, can severely limit the strength of radio frequencies received inside, making them unsuitable for reliable communications. Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Typically the equipment owned and operated by a wireless service provider that generates the radio frequencies picked up by subscriber handsets or other mobile devices. Also called a base station, this equipment connects to the in-building wireless system and to high-speed lines providing backhaul to the service provider’s switch. Battery Back-Up Large numbers of interconnected batteries that provide temporary power for a service provider’s base station in the event of a primary power outage. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

TCC, 06.02.2006

Glossary Cable Tap A small mechanical device that clamps onto a feeder cable and transfers radio frequency energy from the feeder cable to another cable or antenna. Highly efficient cable taps extract only the amount of energy required to provide the targeted level of radio signal within a space. CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. C/I Ratio Carrier-to-Interference ratio is the measure of the relative strength of the desired (carrier) signal to all other signals (interference). Modern digital communications systems can operate at much lower C/I ratios than earlier analog systems. C/I ratios are largely determined by the service provider’s macro network frequency reuse plan.


TCC, 06.02.2006

Glossary Coaxial Cable A type of cable used to carry radio frequencies from one point to another. Coaxial cable consists of a conductive outer tube surrounding a conductive inner core separated by a non-conductive dielectric spacing material. Coaxial cable can be either non-radiating or radiating. DAS Distributed Antenna System. dB A logarithmic scale used to compare the relative magnitude of two quantities expressed in a common set of units. dBm A common engineering parameter to compare, in dB, a RF signal level to the specific reference value of 1 milliwatt. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

TCC, 06.02.2006

Glossary Fiber Long, super-thin strands of glass or other material that very efficiently transport optical signals. When used for in-building systems requiring radio frequency waves to be transported from one location in a building to another, the radio frequencies must first be converted to optical signals for transport over the fiber. Upon reaching their destination, these optical signals are converted back to radio frequencies for distribution by antennas. GSM Global System for Mobile communications. GSM General Packet Radio Services. IBS In-building Solutions. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

TCC, 06.02.2006

Glossary Interference Interference results when a desired signal must compete with other signals at the same or adjacent frequencies in the radio spectrum causing distortion of the desired signal. Integrated Access Device In the in-building system, this device is the point of demarcation between each service provider’s BTS and the in-building system. It combines radio signals from each BTS onto a common riser cable for the uplink, and then splits them out for their downlink. Intermodulation Intermodulation products are the result of two or more desired signals interacting with each other, due to non-linear effects within generation or transport equipment, to produce additional undesired frequencies which become interference for one or more service providers. Rosenberger Asia Pacific Electronic Co., Ltd.

TCC, 06.02.2006

Glossary Microcell A smaller-sized BTS used by service providers for in-building applications or small fill-in areas outdoors. Monitoring The ongoing measurement and reporting of electrical performance of a fiber electronics-based in-building system to ensure that it is operating properly. If a malfunction occurs, a signal is sent to a call center where on-duty technicians can note and diagnose the problem. Neutral Demarcation Point A central and common point service providers with different radio frequencies or transmission technologies can introduce their signals into the in-building wireless system.


TCC, 06.02.2006

Glossary Noise Floor In every environment, there is a certain level of radio “noise” from a variety of sources that a service provider’s signal must exceed in power in order to be properly received. Optical Conversions In fiber electronics-based in-building systems, the conversion of radio frequency to optical signals for transport across a distance and their conversion back to radio frequencies for delivery to the end user. As electronic devices optical converters inherently increase the noise floor of their transmission path. Optical converters are usually located in the equipment room on each floor of a building and must be powered and monitored.


TCC, 06.02.2006

Glossary Passive The transmission of radio frequency signals without the aid of powered electronic devices to boost their level, thus providing an unaltered delivery of the service provider’s signals. Picocell One of the smallest increments of BTS equipment only used to provide enhanced coverage in very small areas. RF Radio frequency. Riser The backbone transmission cable or device that delivers radio frequency from an input device to antenna systems on each selected floor of a building.


TCC, 06.02.2006

Glossary RSSI RSSI stands for “received signal strength indication” and is one of the measures a service provider will use to determine the quality of their signals inside of a building or other structure. TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. 3G (third generation) Radio technology for wireless networks, telephones and other devices. Narrowband digital radio is the second generation of technology. Uplink/Downlink Uplink is the signal sent from a subscriber radio device to the BTS; downlink is a signal received by a subscriber radio device from the BTS.


TCC, 06.02.2006

Glossary WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access. WiFi ® A term referring to unlicensed services provided at 2.4 GHz using the IEEE-802.11 protocols. WLAN Wireless Local Area Network.


TCC, 06.02.2006

IBS for Engineer

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