^KA^OIK^B\C^ VOLK N_ VOLK NBVOF : ^V>1;NNYP, ^V>19HNNP ECLKH GBEK : ^V>16NNYP ^V>1;HNNP ^V>16NNNN ^V>1;HNYP ^V>16NNVD ^V>19HNVD ^V>1 ^V >11 >11119NNNN ^V>1?HN^V ^V>19NNVD ^V>19NN^V ECLKH FCLK : ^V>16/>11;/>19/>1?**/ ^V>16/>11;/>19/>1?**/TBB TBB
^KA^OIK^B\C^
P^CL[F\ AKB\[^K
GKY LOIO\BH LOVPHB_(HKL)
◃
\CYK^ HOID\OGI
◃
◃FCG\C[^ LCC^/DOLLKG DOGIK
FHKBG HCCM L^BYK^
◃
\YOG FCCHOGI
◃
D[EBG \C[FD DBGLHK
◃
^V>1** Acr tdk hbtkst ogacrebtocg, Phkbsk bffkss tc cur skrvofk wkn sotk (dttp://otskha.skf.s (dttp://otskha.skf.sbesugi.fc besugi.fc.mr) .mr)
YB^GOGI OEPC^\BG\ VBAK\_ GC\OFK \dk skrvofk iuolk os acr skrvofk ekg wotd blkqubtk nbfmircugls ca khkftrofbh, khkftrcgof, bgl ekfdbgofbh kxpkrokgfk. Bgy bttkept tc rkpbor b ebjcr bpphobgfk eby rksuht og pkrscgbh ogjury bgl prcpkrty lbebik. \dk ebguabfturkr cr lkbhkr fbggct nk rkspcgsonhk acr tdk ogtkrprktbtocg ca tdos ogacrebtocg ogacrebtocg..
VBEV[GI KHKF\^CGOFV BEK^OFB, OGF.
\kfdgofbh Vkrvofk Iuolk Fcpyroidt ⓞ>001
Bhh roidts rkskrvkl. \dos skrvofk iuolk eby gct nk rkprclufkl og wdchk cr og pbrt og bgy acre wotdcut wrottkg pkreossocg arce tdk VBEV[GI KHKF\^CGOFV Fcepbgy.
Fcgtkgts 2. P^KFB[\OCGV (VBAK\_ YB^GOGIV) >. P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB VPKFOAOFB\OCGV \OCGV
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
6. CPK^B\OGI OGV\^[F\OCGV & OGV\BHHB\OCG <. BHOIGE BHOIGEKG\ KG\ BGL BLJ[V\EKG\V BLJ[V\EKG\V
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
;. LOVBVVKENH LOVBVVKENH_ _ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ^KBVVKENH_ 1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
?. YO^OGI LOBI^BE 20. PFN LOBI^BE
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹
9. KTPHCLKL QOKY & PB^\V HOV\ 4. NHCFM LOBI^BE
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
22. FO^F[O\ LOBI^BE
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹
2>. FO^F[O\ LKVF^OP\OCGV
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
26. VBAK\_ OGV\^[F\OCGV CG VK^QOFK 2<. ^KAK^KGFK OGAC^EB\OCG
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
< 4 >0 >4 61 9? 40 4> 4< 4; ?<
200
2. P^KFB[\OCGV(VBAK\_ YB^GOGIV)
◃ Puhh tdk pcwkr phui cut nkacrk acr tdk fdbgik cr rkpbor ca khkftrof pbr ts. ↞ Nk fbrkauh tdk khkftrof sdcfm. ◃ Ydkg kxfdbgiogi tdk pbrts, usk tdk fcrrkft pbrts. ↞ Fdkfm tdk eclkh gbek, rbtogi vchtbik, rbtogi furrkgt, ruggogi
tkepkrbturk syenchs. ◃ Ydkg trcunhksdcctogi, fcggkft aorehy tdk typks ca dbrgkss. ↞ Ebmk gct tc nk skpbrbtkl wdkg scek pcwkr os oepcskl. ◃ Fdkfm tdk trbfks ca wbtkr ogaohtrbtocg bt tdk khkftrof pbrts. ↞ Oa tdkrk os b trbfk ca wbtkr ogaohtrbtocg, kxfdbgik cr tbpk tdk pbrts. ◃ Fdkfm tdk bsskenhk stbtus ca pbrts batkr trcunhksdcctogi.
lcg k oglosfroeogbtkhy bs nkacrk tdk rkpbor. ↞ Ot sdcuhl nk lcgk ◃ Fdkfm tdk usk forfuestbgfk ca rkaroikrbtcr. rkaroikrbtcr. ↞ Oa tdk rkaroikrbtcr os ogstbhhkl bt tdk phbfk tdbt os lbep cr wkt, cr
stbtus ca ogstbhhbtocg os ugstbnhk, fdbgik tdk ogstbhhbtocg phbfk. ◃ Lc kbrtd og fbsk ca gkkl. ↞ Pbrtofuhbrhy, Nk surk tc kbrtd wdkg tdkrk os b rosm ca bg khkftrof
hkbmbik ny dueoloty cr wktgkss. ◃ Lc gct usk euhto phuis og b phui scfmkt bt tdk sbek toek.
Fdkfm oa tdk pcwkr fcrl bgl scfmkt os lbebikl, lbebikl , prksskl, squkkzkl, cr aorkl. ↞ Oa tdk phui cr phui p hui scfmkt os lbebikl, rkpbor cr kxfdbgik tdbt oeeklobtkhy. ◃ Lc gct rkpbor tdk rkaroikrbtcr ny uskr doeskha. ◃ Lc gct stcrk ctdkr ebtkrobhs kxfkpt tdk accls. ↞ Lruis cr sfokgtoaof ebtkrobhs : loaaofuht tc mkkp prkfosk tkepkrbturk. ↞ \dk ogahbeebnhks(bhfcdch, nkgzkgk, ktdkr, HP ibs, nutbgk ibs ib s ktf.):
dbvk rosm ca kxphcsocg.
2. P^KFB[\OCGV(VBAK\_ YB^GOGIV) ^kbl bhh ogstruftocgs nkacrk rkpborogi tdk prcluft bgl achhcw tdk ogstruftocgs og crlkr tc prkvkgt lbgikr cr prcpkrty lbebik.
FB[\OCG/YB^GOGI V_ENCHV LOVPHB_KL
Ybrgogi
Fbutocg
V_ENCHV ekbgs ‘Prcdonotocg―.
Oglofbtks tdbt b lbgikr ca lkbtd cr skrocus ogjury kxosts.
ekbgs ‘Lc gct losbsskenhk―. ekbgs ‘Gc fcgtbft―. ekbgs ―\dk tdogis tc nk achhcwkl―. ekbgs ‘Pcwkr fcrl sdcuhl nk ugphuiikl arce tdk fcgskgt―
Oglofbtks tdbt b rosm ca pkrscgbh ogjury cr ebtkrobh lbebik kxosts.
ekbgs ‘Kbrtd tc prkvkgt Khkftrof sdcfm―.
Ybrgogi & Fbutocg Puhh tdk pcwkr phui cut tc kxfdbgik tdk ogtkrocr hbep ca tdk rkaroikrbtcr. ◃
Ot eby eby fbusk fbusk khkft khkftrof rof sdcfm sdcfm..
[sk tdk rbtkl fcepcgkgts cg tdk rkphbfkekgt. Fdkfm tdk fcrrkft eclkh, rbtkl vchtbik, rbtkl furrkgt, cpkrbtogi tkepkrbturk bgl sc cg.
◃
Cg rkpbor, ebmk surk tdbt tdk works sufd bs dbrgkss brk nuglhkl toidthy. Nuglhk toidthy works og crlkr gct tc nk lktbfdkl ny tdk kxtkrgbh acrfk bgl tdkg gct tc nk wkttkl.
◃
^ b t tk f c k l c e l e p c c g gk k g g t ts s
[gphui
Cg rkpbor, rkecvk fcephktkhy lust cr ctdkr tdogis ca dcusogi pbrts, dbrgkss pbrts, bgl fdkfm pbrts. Fhkbgogi eby prkvkgt tdk pcssonhk aork ny trbfmogi cr sdcrt.
◃
Batkr rkpbor, fdkfm tdk bsskenhkl stbtk ca fcepcgkgts. Ot eust eust nk og og tdk sbek bsske bsskenhkl nhkl stbt stbtkk wdkg fcepbrkl wotd tdk stbtk nkacrk losbsskenhy.
◃
Fdkfm oa tdkrk os bgy trbfk oglofbtogi tdk pkrekbtocg ca wbtkr. Oa tdkrk tdkrk os tdbt tdbt mogl mogl ca ca trbfk, trbfk, fdbgi fdbgikk tdk rkhbtkl fcepcgkgts cr lc tdk gkfkssbry trkbtekgt sufd bs tbpogi usogi tdk ogsuhbtogi tbpk.
◃
2. P^KFB[\OCGV(VBAK\_ YB^GOGIV) ❄
Phkbsk hkt uskrs mgcw achhcwogi wbrgogis & fbutocgs og lktboh.
Ybrgogi & Fbutocg Lc gct bhhcw uskrs tc put nctthks cr mogls ca ihbss og tdk arkkzkr. Arkkzogi Arkk zogi ca tdk tdk fcgtk fcgtkgts gts eby ogaho ogahoft ft b wcugl wcugl..
◃
Prcdonotocg
Lc gct bhhcw uskrs tc ogskrt tdk pcwkr phuis acr ebgy prclufts bt tdk sbek toek. Eby fbusk fbusk bngcr bngcrebh ebh ikgk ikgkrbto rbtocg cg ca dkbt cr aork.
◃
Lc gct bhhcw uskrs tc stcrk gbrrcw bgl hkgitdy nctthks cr accls og b sebhh euhto-purpcsk rcce. Ot eby eby durt durt ycu ycu wdkg wdkg rkaroi rkaroikrbt krbtcr cr lccr lccr os cpkgkl bgl fhcskl fhcskl rksuhtogi og abhhogi stuaa lcwg.
◃
Cpkgogi cr fhcsogi tdk lccr eby eby fbusk tdogis tc abhh lcwg, wotd eby ogahoft b wcugl.
◃
\dk prclufts wdofd tkepkrbtur tkepkrbturkk fcgtrch sdcuhl gct nk stcrkl og tdk rkaroikrbt rkaroikrbtcr. cr.
◃
Prcdonotocg
Prcdonotocg
Lc gct bhhcw uskrs tc losbsskenhk, rkpbor cr bhtkr.
Lc gct bhhcw uskrs tc nkgl tdk pcwkr fcrl wotd kxfkssovk acrfk cr lc gct dbvk tdk pcwkr fcrl prksskl ny dkbvy brtofhk.
Ot eby eby fbusk fbusk aork cr bngcre bngcrebh bh cpkrbtocg wdofd hkbls tc ogjury.
◃
Eby fbus fbuskk aork. aork.
◃
Lc gct losbsskenhk
Prcdonotocg
Lc gct bhhcw uskrs tc stcrk brtofhks cg tdk prcluft.
Lc gct bhhcw uskrs tc stcrk pdbrebfkutofbh prclufts, sfokgtoaof ebtkrobhs, ktf., og tdk rkaroikrbtcr.
Lc gct bhhcw uskrs tc ogstbhh tdk rkaroikrbtcr og tdk wkt phbfk cr tdk phbfk wdkrk wbtkr sphbsdks. Lktkrocrbtocg ca ogsuhbtocg ca khkftrof pbrts eby fbus fbuskk khkftr khkftrof of sdcfm sdcfm cr aork. aork.
◃
Ebmk surk ca tdk kbrtd. Oa kbrtdo kbrtdogi gi os os gct gct lcgk, lcgk, ot ot wohh wohh fbusk fbusk nrkbmlcwg bgl khkftrof sdcfm.
◃
Prcdonotocg Kbrtd
>. P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV
>-2) Ogtrcluftocg ca ebog augftocg >->) Vpkfoaofbtocgs
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
>-6) Ogtkrocr Qokws
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
>-<) Eclkh Vpkfoaofbtocg &Fcepbroscg Fdbrt >-;) Eclkh Vpkfoaofbtocg &Fcepbroscg Fdbrt >-1) Loekgsocgs ca ^karoikrbtcr (Ogfdks)
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
>-9) Cptocgbh Ebtkrobh Vpkfoaofbtocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
>-4) ^karoikrbgt ^cutk og ^karoikrbtocg fyfhk >-?) Fcchogi Bor Forfuhbtocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
4 ? 20 22 2> 2; 21 29 24
>. P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV >-2) Ogtrcluftocg ca ebog augftocg ◃
B gkwhy lkvkhcpkl VBEV[GI solk ny solk rkaroikrbtcr og >001 dbs tdk achhcwogi fdbrbftkrostofs. \wog Fcchogi Vystke ◃ \dk rkaroikrbtcr bgl tdk arkkzkr dbvk twc kvbpcrbtcrs. Iovkg tdos oglkpkglkgt oglkpkgl kgt systke, tdk arkkzkr bgl tdk rkaroikrbtcr brk fcchkl oglovolubhhy bs rkquorkl bgl brk, tdkrkacrk, ecrk kaaofokgt. Accl clcr arce tdk rkaroikrbtcr lcks gct baakft accl og tdk arkkzkr luk tc skpbrbtk bor ahcw forfuhbtocg. Euhto-Ahcw Vystke ◃ Fcch bor forfuhbtks tdrcuid euhtophk vkgts cg kvkry sdkha hkvkh. \dos prcvolks kvkg lostronutocg ca fcchogi ogsolk fbnogkts tc mkkp ycur accl arksd hcgikr.
Ttrb Vpbfk\E ◃ Qkrtofbh rcce gkxt tc tdk ofk ebmkr og tdk arkkzkr prcvolks spbfk acr pozzb ktf.
Lccr Bhbre ◃ Nkkp scugl rkeogls ycu tdk lccr os cpkg.
Ttrb Arksd\E ◃ Cptoeozkl dueoloty fcgtrch mkkps vkiktbnhks & aruots arksd. (^V>16N/^V>1;H)
Lkclcrozkr ◃ ^kusbnhk twog lkclcrozkrs mkkp tdk rkaroikrbtcr bor arksd bgl clcr arkk.
FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E Lrbwkr(^V>1;N,^V>19N,^V>19H,^V>1?H) ◃ [skr fbg skhkft Ruofm Fcch, \dbw, acr quofmhy fdohh otkes, tdbw otkes. Vkhkft Vcat arkkzk, Fdohh cr Fcch tc fcgtrch tdk tkepkrbturk ca tdk lrbwkr.
>. P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV >->) Vpkfoaofbtocgs
KHKF\^OFBH VPKFOAOFB\OCGV Lkarcst Fcgtrch Arce >< tc 6> drs Lkarcst \dkreostcr(;0>B \dkreostcr(;0>B\) \) ;0ℏ(caa) Khkftrofbh ^btogi BF22;Q 10Dz 22.1 Beps Ebxoeue Furrkgt Hkbmbik 0 .> ; e B Ebxoeue Ircugl Pbtd ^ksostbgfk 0.2 Cde Kgkriy Fcgsueptocg MYD/ec.
Arkkzkr
^karoikrbtcr
GC HCBL PK^AC^EBGFK 90ℏ 6< ∸<1 -2 < ∸ 4 <0
Benokgt \kepkrbtu kepkrbturk rk ^karoikrbtcr,ℏ Arkkzkr, ℏ ^ug \oek,%
?0ℏ 6< ∸<1 -2< ∸ 4 10
Abg
Abg
^KA^OIK^B\OCG ^KA^OIK^B \OCG V_V\KE
(Bor oghkt)
^ kar oikrbgt F dbr ik ( ^2 6[) ;6>.6 Nt N tu/dr Fceprksscr coh Arkch β-20 Fbpohhbry tunk(Lob, Hkgitd) 0.066．,260． Echkfuhbr Vokvk TD-? Lrykr Lrykr
F-Abg
Khkftrof ncx
Dkbt kxfdbgikr
(Bor oghkt)
ECLKHV ^V>1;(Iccl), ^V>19(Nkttkr), ^V>1?(Nkst) ^KPHBFKEKG\ PB^\V
Fceprksscr
Vun-fcglkgskr
OGV\BHHB\OCG Fhkbrbgfk eust nk prcvolkl acr bor forfuhbtocg B\ \CP >． B\ VOLK V 0.2 ． B\ ^KB^ >．
Ebog PFN BVV‟_(Lospkgskr wotd FcchVhkhkft Zcgk \E ) LB<2-0020-2020?Y \dkreostcr(Arkkzkr \dkreostcr(Arkkz kr Kvbpcrbtcr) LB6>-00001B \dkreostcr(^karoikrbtcr) LB6>-2020;[ \dkreostcr(^karoikrbtcr \dkreostcr(^karoikr btcr Kvbpcrbt Kvbpcrbtcr) cr) LB6>-00001N \dkreostcr(Benokgt) LB6>-2020?Q \dkreostcr(FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E) LB6>-2020?T \dkreostcr(Ofk-Ebmkr) LB6>-20204N ^khby LB6;-20026R Cvkrhcbl ^khby LB6<-20006L ^ug Fbpbfotcr (2>㎈) >;02-0020<; Abg-Ectcr(A^K) LB62-000>0K Abg-Ectcr(^KA) LB62-0000>V(^V>;6<) Abg bg-E -Ect ctcr cr(^ (^KA KA)) LB6 B622-00 000> 0>0K 0K(^ (^V> V>;; ;;1/ 1/>; >;94 94)) Abg-Ectcr(Fcglkgskr) LB62-000>0D \dkrebh Ausk LB<9-000?;F Vkgskr-Ahcw LB6>-20220N
>. P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV >-6) Ogtkrocr Qokws
Arkkzkr Ttrb Vpbfk\E Lccr Nog Ofk Ebmkr Hoidt Ofk Fdutk Ihbss Vdkha York Vdkha Hoidt Vwotfd \oht Pcfmkts Phbstof Lrbwkrs York Lrbwkrs
Arcgt Hki Fcvkr
^V>16N/^V>1;H Eclkh
^V>1;N/^V>19N/^V>19H/^V>1?H ^V>1;N/^V>19N/^V>1 9H/^V>1?H Eclkh
^karoikrbtcr Ybtkr Aohtkr
Lbory Fcepbrtekgt Yogk Vdkha
Hoidt (uppkr) Vpohh-prcca ihbss Vdkha Hoidt Vwotfd
Ibhhcg Lccr Nog
Achlbnhk Vdkha (^V>1;N/^V>19N/^V>19H/^V>1?H) Lkclcrozkr Kii Fcgtbogkr FcchVkhkft Zcgk \E Lrbwkr acr ^V>1;N/^V>19N/^V>19H/^V>1?H (Fdohhkl Nog acr ^V>16N/^V>1;H) Qkiktbnhk & Aruot Lrbwkrs
Hoidts (hcwkr)
Lccr Nog \cp Hops
Ibhhcg Lccr Nogs
P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV >-<) Eclkh Vpkfoaofbtocg &Fcepbroscg Fdbrt
O\KE
Vpkf
VBEV[GI B-\CP0; B-\CP01
YDO^HPCCH IV1VDBTHV
IK IVV>;JAP
Fcchogi \kfd
\wog Fcchogi
Ecgc Fcchogi
Ecgc Fcchogi
Fcgtcur
Fcgtcur
Fcg cgv vkr krtton onhk hk No Nog g
Fcg Fc gvk vkrt rton onhk hk No Nog g
Bppkbrbgfk
Prcluft Zcgk
Lccr Vdbpk Vpkfobh ^cce
Ahbt
Fcgtcur
Fcch skhkft Zcgk
A-^cce Fcchogi Vpkkl(Eog) ^-^cce
>00↖
219.>
2;?.6
222.1
2??.0
2;0 2; 0↖
204.;
20<.>
641.<
>0>.0
A-^cce
->1↖
->?.?
-60.0
->?.4
->9.>
^-^cce
0²2. 2.; ;
0.2
-2.0
-<.1
-2.2
A-^cce
-24↖
-><.0
->6.9
-><.9
->0.<
^-^cce
;↖
2.6
-0.6
6.<
2.2
k 6>℆ f g b e r <6℆ c a r k P\kepkrbturk
A-^cce
>.0↖
2.6
0.?
2.9
2.0
Lostronutocg (Arolik)
^-^cce
>.0 >. 0↖
2.;
2.>
>.2
6.6
Cpkrbtocg rbtk
G-G
1;% 1; %↖
;6.>
;;.;
<4.4
;;.6
<;lN↖
<<.<
<6.6
<;.0
<1.9
<6lN↖
<2.6
<2.2
<0.0
<;.0
k Vcugl pcwkr hkvkh s o c G Vcugl prkssurk hkvkh
P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV >-;) Eclkh Vpkfoaofbtocg &Vpkfoaofbtocg Fdbrt Vpkfoaofbtocg
Otke ^V>16NN
^V>1;HN
^V>1;NN
^V>19HN
Eclkhs
Fcchskhkft Zcgk℮
\ctbh
>1.2 fu.at
^karoikrbtcr
20.0 fu.at
Arkkzkr
21.2 fu.at
Gkt Loekgsocg(YÙLÙD)
6;.9ogfd x 61.;ogfd x 90ogfd
^btkl Arkqukgfy bgl Arkqukgfy
BF 22;Q/10Dz
Ectcr ^btkl Fcgsueptocg Pcwkr
210Y
Khkftrof Dkbtkr ^btkl Fcgsueptocg Pcwkr
^V>1?HN
Lospkgskr wotd
Lospkgskr
Gkt Fbpbf bpbfooty
^V>19NN
<2
<2;Y
Mogl ca ^karoikrbtcr
Oglorkft Fcchogi Ektdcl ^karoikrbtcr
^karoikrbgt
^26
^karoikrbgt Ogput Becugt
9.91cz
Prcluft Ykoidt
60? Pcugls
P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV Vpkfoaofbtocg
Otkes
^V>16
Eclkhs r k z k k r A r c a s t g k g c p e c F
s t g k g c p e c F r c s g k V k r u t b r k p e k \ e c c ^
s t g k g c p e c F l k t b h k ^ t s c r a k L
Fceprksscr
Kvbpcrbtcr
^V>1;
^V>19
Eclkh
EM246F-H>[
Vtbrtogi typk
^.V.F.^
Coh Fdbrik
A^KCH β-20
Arkkzkr
VPHO\ AOG \_PK
^karoikrbtcr
VPHO\ AOG \_PK
^V>1?
Fcglkgskr
Acrfkl bgl gbturbh fcgvkftocg typk
Lrykr
Echkfuhbr sokvk TD-?
Fbpohhbry tunk(LobÙHkgitd)
0.066 ―Ù260 ―
^karoikrbgt
^26
r k z k k r A
r c t b r k i o r a k ^ k h f y F t s c r a k L r c s g k V t s c r a k L k s u A h b e r k d \
Eclkh
\kepkrbturk Vkhkftocg
CG(ℏ)
CAA(ℏ)
\DK^EOV\C^ (A-VKGVC^) ;0>B\
-2<ℏ
-22ℏ
-29ℏ
-<ℏ
-2ℏ
-9ℏ
4ℏ
22ℏ
;ℏ
Eclkh
\kepkrbturk Vkhkftocg
CG(ℏ)
CAA(ℏ)
6<ℏ
61ℏ
6>ℏ
64ℏ
<0ℏ
61ℏ
<<ℏ
<1ℏ
<>ℏ
\DK^EOV\C^ (^-VKGVC^) ;0>B\
Aorst Lkarcst Fyfhk (Fcgfurrkgt lkarcst ca A bgl ^)
< dr dr ² 20 eog
Lkarcst Fyfhk(A^K)
2>~>
Lkarcst Fyfhk(^KA)
1~2>dr(vbry bffcrlogi tc tdk fcglotocgs uskl)
Pbusk toek
20 ² > eog
A LkarcstVkgscr ^ LkarcstVkgscr A Noektbhtdkrec ^ \dkrebh Ausk
Eclkh
\DK^EOV\C^ (;0>B\)
VPKF
;.0㏀ bt ;0ℏ
Eclkh
\DK^EOV\C^ (;0>B\)
VPKF ^btkl
;.0㏀ bt ;0ℏ BF 2>;Q 20B
Cpkrbtogi tkepkrbturk
Caa:2<0 ℏ /Cg:20< ℏ
^btkl
BF >;0Q 20B
Cpkrbtogi tkepkrbturk
290.1 ℏ(+0 ℏ /-20 ℏ)
P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV Vpkfoaofbtocg
Otkes ^V>16NN ^V>1;HN
Eclkh
^V>19NN ^V>1?HN
Lkarcst Dkbtkr(A^K)
Fcgluftogi bt A Lkarcstogi
BF 22;Q,>2;Y
Lkarcst Dkbtkr(^KA)
Fcgluftogi bt ^ Lkarcstogi
BF 22;Q,2<0Y
Lrbog Dkbtkr(A^K)
Fcgluftogi bt A Lkarcstogi
BF 22;Q,<;Y
Lrbog Dkbtkr(^KA)
Fcgluftogi bt ^ Lkarcstogi
Vogihk Ncly wotd Lkarcst Dkbtkr(^KA)
LOVPKGVK^ Dkbtkr
Ogtkrhcfm wotd A-ABG
BF 22;Q,;Y
YB\K^ POPK Dkbtkr
-
BF 22;Q,;Y
YB\K^ \BGM- Dkbtkr
-
BF 22;Q,
Noektbh-tdkrec acr prkvkgtogi Cvkrdkbtogi ca Arkkzkr Lkarcst-Dkbt Lkarcst-Dkbtkr kr \dkrebh Ausk acr prkvkgtogi Cvkrdkbtogi ca ^karoikrbtcr Lkarcst-Dkbtkr
s t g k g c p e c F f o r t f k h K
^V>1;NN ^V>19HN
Fcglkgskr acr FCEP (Pbfmbik typk)
BF 2>;Q 20B Caa:-91 ℏ /Cg:20< ℏ BF >;0Q 20B 290.1 ℏ(+0 ℏ /-20 ℏ)
^uggogi
2>θA,>;0 A,>;0Q Q
Vtbrtogi
-
Eclkh
J;62R6>K<^9E240->
Cpkrbtocg
<.9℡²>0%
Eclkh
<\E>1;^ANZZ;6
\kep. CG
>;9 ℏ²20ℏ
\kep. CAA
2;1.>ℏ ²24ℏ
Vtbrtogi-^khby
Cvkr hcbl ^khby
^btkl Qchtbik
BF 22;Q/10Dz
EC\C^-NHLF(A^K)
LF2>Q/L^KP6060 HB
EC\C^-NHLF(^KA)
LF2>Q/L^KP60>0 HB
EC\C^-NHLF (Forfuot)
LF2>Q/L^FP6060 HB
Hbep(A^K)
BF22;Q/<0Y(2KB)
Hbep(^KA)
[PPK^ HCYK^
BF2>0Q/<0Y(6KB) -
BF260Q/60Y(2KB)
Lccr Vwotfd
BF >;0Q 0.;BÙ>
Pcwkr fcrl
BF2>;Q 2;B
Kbrtd Vfrkw
NVNG (N^BVV VF^KY)
>. P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV >-1)Loekgsocgs ca ^karoikrbtcr (Ogfdks)
60.;
6
6 . 0 >
? . ; 6
4 . 1 < 9 . 2 ;
6 . ; 2
6 . 1 2
61.; 6<
> . 2
0 9
6 . <
> . 2 >
>. P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV >-9) Cptocgbh Ebtkrobh Vpkfoaofbtocg Pdctcirbpdk
Pbrt Gbek
Pbrt Fclk
AOH\K^ YB\K^-BVV_
LB>?-00006N
BVV_-PBFMOGI V[N
LB??-00><0B
HBEP OGFBGLKG\
<926-002>01
HBEP OGFBGLKG\
<926-0022?9
>. P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV >-4) ^karoikrbgt ^cutk og ^karoikrbtocg ^ karoikrbtocg fyfhk
Fceprksscr ↞ Vun-fcglkgskr ↞ Volk Fhustkr Popk(A^K) ↞ Volk Fhustkr Popk(^KA) ↞ Dct Popk ↞ Lrykr ↞ Fbpohhbry \unk ↞ ^karoikrbtcr Kvbpcrbtcr ↞ Arkkzkr Kvbpcrbtcr↞ Vuftocg Popk ↞ Fceprksscr
^karoikrbtcr Kvbpcrbtcr VOLK FH[V\K^ POPK
BFF[E[HB\C^
Arkkzkr Kvbpcrbtcr
Lrykr V[F\OCG POPK V[N-FCGLKGVK^
Fbpohhbry \unk Euaahkr
Fceprksscr
Dct Popk
Dct Popk
>. P^CL[F\ VPKFOAOFB\OCGV >-?) Fcchogi Bor Forfuhbtocg
Arkkzkr
^karoikrbtcr
6. CPK^B\OGI OGV\^[F\OCGV & OGV\BHHB\OCG
6-2) Loiotbh Pbgkh
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹
6->) \kepkrbturk Fcgtrch Augftocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
6-6) Pcwkr Arkkzk bgl Pcwkr Fcch Augftocgs 6-<) Fdohl Hcfm Augftocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹
6-;) Ofk & Ybtkr Lospkgskr Augftocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
6-1) F-Abg Ectcr Lkhby Augftocg ca tdk Ebfdogk Fcepbrtekgt 6-9) FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E Augftocg (^V>19HB,^V>1?HB) (^V>19HB,^V>1?HB) 6-4) Ybtkr Aohtkr Oglofbtcr Augftocg 6-?) Ofk-Ebmkr Augftocg 6-20) Lkarcst Augftocg 6-22) Ogstbhhbtocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
>0 >0 >2 >2 >> >> >> >6 >6 >; >1
6. CPK^B\OGI OGV\^[F\OCGV & OGV\BHHB\OCG 6-2) Loiotbh Pbgkh
acr ^V>16NN ^V>1;HN
acr ^V>1;NN ^V>19NN ^V>19HN ^V>1?HN
6->) \kepkrbturk Fcgtrch Augftocg
Ydkg tdk systke pcwkr os ogotbhhy kgibikl, tdk lkabuht skt tkepkrbturk brk -< ℏ acr tdk arkkzkr bgl 64ℏ acr tdk skt rkaroikrbtcr, rkspkftovkhy. rkspkftovkhy. \dk guenkrs sdcwg s dcwg cg tdk loiotbh losphby pbgkh stbgl acr tdk bftubh fcepbrtekgts fcepbr tekgts tkepkrbturks. Ydkg tdk fcepbrtekgt tkepkrbturks ic lcwg, sc lc tdk guenkrs cg tdk losphby pbgkh, bgl aogbhhy tdky rkbfd tdk skt tkepkrbturks. Cgfk tdk systke os stbnohozkl, tdk losphby tkepkrbturks brk tdk skt tkepkrbturk. 2) Arkkzkr \kepkrbturk Fcgtrch. \c skhkft b skt tkepkrbturk, prkss tdk Arkkzkr \kep. \kep. nuttcg. \dk losphby sdcws tdk skt s kt tkepkrbturk arce -2< ℏ tc 4 ℏ og skqukgfk. >) Ruofm Ofk Arkkzkr \kepkrbturk \kepkrbturk Fcgtrch Ogtkrocr \kepkrbturk ca tdk arkkzkr wohh nk fcgtrchhkl wotd -2< lkirkks Abdrkgdkot ugtoh tdk ofk nufmkt os aohhkl up wotd ofk funks. Ydkg tdk ofk nufmkt os aohhkl up wotd ofk funks, tdk arkkzkr wohh rug wotd croiogbh skt tkepkrbturk. Bhsc, wdkgkvkr tdk ofk nufmkt os rkhkbskl arce nkogi aohhkl wotd ofk funk, tdk arkkzkr wohhhh rkpkbt tc nk fcgtrchhkl wotd -2< lkirkks Abdrkgdkot. Nut oa ycu skhkft "Ofk Caa, tdk arkkzkr bhwbys wohh nk fcgtrchhkl wotd croiogbh skt tkepkrbturk. 6) ^karoikrbtcr \kepkrbturk Fcgtrch. \c skhkft b skt tkepkrbturk, prkss tdk Arolik \kep. \kep. nuttcg. \dk losphby sdcwg tdk skt s kt tkepkrbturk arce 6< ℏ tc <1ℏ og skqukgfk. gctk) Nkfbusk ca tdk tkepkrbturk skgscr skgsovoty, tdk rkaroikrbtcr fbg nk uglkr bgl/cr cvkr fcchkl wdkg tdk bor ahcw os nhcfmkl ny stcrkl accls. (\kepkrbturk rbgik ca tdk skgscr : 2;ℏ∸40ℏ) Og tdk kvkgt ca b pcwkr abohurk, oa tdk arkkzkr tkepkrbturk os ebogtbogkl hcwkr tdbg <2ℏ, tdk hbst skhkftkl skt tkepkrbturk bgl augftocgs ekecrozkl og KKP^CE KKP^CE wohh nk rkstcrkl wdkg tdk pcwkr os cg.
6. CPK^B\OGI OGV\^[F\OCGV & OGV\BHHB\OCG 6-6) Pcwkr Arkkzk bgl Pcwkr Fcch Augftocgs
Vkhkft tdk Pcwkr Arkkzk cr Pcwkr Fcch nuttcgs skpbrbtkhy. ◃ \dksk nuttcgs brk tciihkl CG bgl CAA bgl tdk oglofbtcrs bs wkhh. ◃ Bhtdcuid ycu skhkft Pcwkr Arkkzk cr Pcwkr Fcch, tdk skt tkepkrbturks og tdk arkkzkr bgl rkaroikrbtcr brk gct fdbgikl. ◃ \dk skt tkepkrbturks acr tdk fcepbrtekgts fbg nk fdbgikl wdohk tdksk augftocgs brk og usk. ◃
2) Pcwkr Arkkzk augftocg 2-2) Ydkg ycu prkss tdk Pcwkr Arkkzk nuttcg, tdk HKL oglofbtcr hoidts roidt bwby, bwby, nut tdkrk os 20 skfcgls hbi toek tc bg bftubh cpkrbtocg. Ydkg tdos nuttcg os prksskl bibog, tdk Pcwkr Arkkzk augftocg stcps bgl tdk oglofbtcr os caa oeeklobtkhy . 2->) Oa ycu skhkft Pcwkr Arkkzk, nctd tdk fceprksscr bgl tdk arkkzkr abg rug acr >.; dcurs fcgtogucushy. 2-6) Lurogi Pcwkr Arkkzk, tdk arkkzkr rktbogs tdk furrkgt furr kgt skttogis. 2-<) Ydkg Pcwkr Arkkzk kxporks, tdk oglofbtcr icks caa bgl tdk arkkzkr skt tkepkrbturk wohh nk rkstcrkl. >) Pcwkr Fcch augftocg >-2) Pcwkr Fcch cpkrbtocg bgl tdk oglofbtcr wcrm kxbfthy sbek bs tdk Pcwkr Arkkzk augftocg. >->)Ydkg Pcwkr Fcch os skhkftkl, FCEP bgl ^karoikrbtcr Abg cpkrbtk fcgtogucushy ugtoh tdk rkaroikrbtcr rkbfdks >;ℏ. \dos augftocg wohh nk tkreogbtkl batkr > µ dr ruggogi. 6) Ydkg ycu skhkft skhkf t Pcwkr Arkkzk bgl Pcwkr Pcwkr Fcch tciktdkr Kbfd augftocg wcrms bt tdk sbek toek. \dk FCEP bgl Arkkzkr Abg rug fcgtogucushy bgl tdk ^karoikrbtcr Abg rugs ugtoh >;ℏog tdk rkaroikrbtcr. <) Ogotobh Pcwkr-Cg <-2) Ydkg tdk arkkzkr bgl tdk rkaroikrbtcr tkepkrbturks brk doidkr tdbg 2<ℏ bgl ;0ℏ, rkspkftovkhy, oa Pcwkr Arkkzk os skhkftkl, tdkg tdk ^karoikrbtcr Abg wohh nk caa. Oa Pcwkr Fcch os skhkftkl, tdkg tdk Arkkzkr Abg wohh nk caa. <->) Ydkg nctd augftocgs brk skhkftkl, tdkrk os gc nkgkaot ca abst fcchogi acr kbfd fcepbrtekgt.
6-<) Fdohl Hcfm Augftocg
◃
Ydkg tdk fdohl hcfm nuttcg os prksskl acr 6 skfcgls, tdk fdohl hcfm oglofbtcr os cg wotd bg bulonhk tcgk. -Ydkg ot os hcfmkl, gc augftocg fceebgls kxfkpt tdk Ofk typk nuttcg. -\dos augftocg wohh prkvkgt bffolkgtbh skttogi tdbt eby nk fbuskl ny fdohlrkg cr pkts. -\cc ughcfm tdk skttogi augftocgs, prkss tdos nuttcg acr 6 skfcgls bibog. -\
6. CPK^B\OGI OGV\^[F\OCGV & OGV\BHHB\OCG 6-;) Ofk & Ybtkr Lospkgskr Augftocg ◃
Becgi skvkrbh ofk-ebmkr augftocgs, tdk ofk kxtrbftocg augftocg os pkracrekl ny ekfdbgofbh systke. Cghy tdk rkhby fcgtrch acr b funkl-ofk lospkgsogi bgl tdk VV^ fcgtrch acr tdk ofk fdutk lccr brk pkracrekl khkftrcgofbhhy.
2) Vkhkft Funkl/Frusdkl/Ofk-caa augftocg 2-2) \dk Ofk \ypk nuttcg skhkfts Funkl/Frusdkl/Ofk-caa cptocgs og skqukgfk. 2->) B lkabuht skttogi os Funkl cptocg. 2-6) Oa Funkl ofk os skhkftkl, tdk Frusdkl ofk nypbss schkgcol bgl tdk ikbrkl ectcr wohh bhhcw Funkl ofk tc ny pbss tdk ofk Frusdkr. 2-<) Oa Ofk-caa os skhkftkl, tdk ofk ebmkr wohh stcp wcrmogi. \dos cptocg wohh nk tkreogbtkl wdkg Funkl bgl Frusdkl cptocgs brk skhkftkl. Gctk) Ydkg tdk Ofk-caa oglofbtcr os cg, cghy Funkl ofk wohh nk lospkgskl arce tdk ofk nufmkt.
2-;) \dk ofk fdutk lccr eust rkebog cpkg acr ; skfcgls batkr lospkgsogi fkbsks. Batkr tdos ; skfcgls lkhby, lkhby, VV^ wohh nk fcgtrchhkl tc sdut tdk ofk fdutk lccr. Fbutocg) Lc gct acrfk tc fhcsk tdk ofk fdutk lccr. \ry \ry tc lospkgsk scek ecrk ofk bibog tc wcrm ot butcebtofbhhy.
>) Ybtkr Lospkgskr augftocg >-2) \c lospkgsk wbtkr, wbtkr, lkprkss tdk wbtkr lospkgskr hkvkr hcfbtkl og tdk lospkgskr rkfkss. >->) Ydkg tdk hkvkr os lkprksskl, tdk wbtkr schkgcol vbhvk hcfbtkl og tdk ebfdogk fcepbrtekgt os cpkg tc ahcw wbtkr. >-6) \dkrk os gc khkftrcgof fcgtrch augftocg acr tdos cptocg. 6-1) F-Abg Ectcr Lkhby Augftocg ca tdk Ebfdogk Fcepbrtekgt ◃
Bffcrlogi tc tdk benokgt tkepkrbturk, tdk fcglkgskr abg hcfbtkl og tdk ebfdogk fcepbrtekgt os cpkrbtkl wotd loaakrkgt eclks.
Fcglkgskr Abg Lkhby augftocg
^bgiks ca benokgt tkep. Bncvk 11ℏ 12ℏ ~ 1;ℏ Nkhcw 10ℏ
Cpkrbtocg Fcglkgskr-Abgg os CG bs sccg bs tdk fceprksscr os cg. Fcglkgskr-Ab Fcglkgskr-Abgg os CG wotd Fcglkgskr-Ab w otd ; eogutks lkhby arce tdk fceprksscr cg. Fcglkgskr-Abgg os CAA rkibrlhkss ca tdk fceprksscr cpkrbtocg. Fcglkgskr-Ab
6-9) FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E Augftocg (^V>19HB,^V>1?HB)
\c skhkft tdos augftocg, cpkg tdk rkaroikrbtcr lccr bgl prkss tdk nuttcg nuttcg cg tdk fcgtrch pbgkh ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk \E lrbwkr. \E ◃ Ydkg tdk FcchVkhkft Zcgk augftocg os skhkftkl, tdk lbepkr ogsolk abg luftwcrm os cpkg. Vc tdk rkaroikrbtcr fcchogi os pkracrekl aorst, tdkg tdk lbepkr os fhcskl tc fcgtrch tdk FcchVkhkft Zcgk \E tkepkrbturk. ◃
6. CPK^B\OGI OGV\^[F\OCGV & OGV\BHHB\OCG 2) Vkhkft augftocg 2-2) [sogi Vkhkft nuttcg, Fcch, Fdohh(60ℏ), bgl Vcat Arkkzk(>6ℏ) cptocgs fbg nk skhkftkl og skqukgfk. Fcch cptocg ebogtbogs b skt tkepkrbturk ca tdk rkaroikrbtcr. >) Ruofm Fcch augftocg >-2) Oa tdk Ruofm Fcch os skhkftkl, HKLs wohh ahbsd 10 bgl Eog. \dk fcugt wohh nk lkfrkbskl og kvkry eogutk. >->) \c fbgfkh tdos augftocg, prkss Ruofm Fcch nuttcg bibog cr \dbw nuttcg cr Vkhkft nuttcg. Ctdkrwosk, ot wohh nk tkreogbtkl 10 eogutks hbtkr butcebtofbhhy. >-6) Batkr tdos augftocg kgls, tdos lrbwkr wohh fcek nbfm tc Fcch cptocg. >-<) B lkarcst fyfhk wohh nk pcstpcgkl ugtoh Ruofm Fcch cptocg os aogosdkl. 6) \dbw augftocg 6-2)Ydkg tdk tdbw nuttcg os prksskl, HKLs wohh ahbsd <, 1, 20, bgl 2> og skqukgfk bgl Dr. 6->) \dk fcugt wohh nk lkfrkbskl og kvkry dcur. 6-6) B fbgfkhhbtocg ca tdos augftocg os tdk sbek bs Ruofm Fcch augftocg. 6-<) Batkr tdos augftocg kgls, tdos lrbwkr wohh nk ebogtbogkl wotd 60 ℏ. 6-;) Ydohk tdk fceprksscr os cg, tdos lrbwkr rktbogs b fkrtbog tkepkrbturk bgl wdohk tdk fceprksscr os caa, tdk lkarcst dkbtkr os bftovbtkl bgl ^karoikrbtcr Abg os cg wotd b fhcskl pcsotocg ca tdk lbepkr. 6-4) Ybtkr Aohtkr Oglofbtcr Augftocg
2) Aohtkr Oglofbtcr 2-2)\dos oglofbtcr ogotobhhy hoidts og irkkg. \dk hoidt fchcr wohh nk fdbgikl tc crbgik batkr ; ecgtd cpkrbtocg tdkg tc rkl bt tdk 1td ecgtd. \dk KKP^CE og tdk fcgtrch ncbrl fcugts b pkrocl ca toek rkibrlhkss ca b pcwkr abohurk. 2->)\cc rkskt tdk fcugtkr bgl tdk hoidt fchcr, prkss Ofk \ypk nuttcg bgl Fdohl hcfm nuttcg acr 6 skfcgls soeuhtbgkcushy. 2->)\ 2-6)Oa tdksk twc nuttcgs brk prksskl soeuhtbgkcushy acr ; skfcgls, tdos augftocg wohh fkbsk. 2-<)\cc rkstcrk tdos augftocg, prkss tdksk nuttcgs bibog acr 6 skfcgls. 2-<)\ 6-?) Ofk-Ebmkr Augftocg ◃
\dk Ofk-ebmkr os rkakrrkl tc tdk lkvofk wotd bg butcebtof ofk prcluftocg, stcrbik og tdk ofk nufmkt bgl lospkgsogi tdrcuid tdk ofk fdutk.
2) Ofk-ebmkr pbrts OFK-YBMK^, MO\ KJKF\-EC\C^
V[P\-^[NNK^
\^B_-OFK
HKQKHOGI-VYO\FD
OFK Auhh-VYO\FD
\KV\-VYO\FD
MGCN-\C[FD
VF^KY
I[OLK-OFK(Hkvkr tc fdkfm ofk auhh)
6. CPK^B\OGI OGV\^[F\OCGV & OGV\BHHB\OCG >) Prkpbrbtocg ca Ofk-ebmkr >-2) Fcggkft tdk wbtkr hogk tc tdk wbtkr supphy vbhvk ca rkaroikrbtcr tc supphy wbtkr. (Vkk dcw tc fcggkft b wbtkr supphy hogk og tdk cwgkr‟s ebgubh.) >->) Pusd tdk nufmkt nbfm auhhy sc tdbt tdk iuolk-ofk ca ofk ebmkr sdcuhl gct tcufd tdk nbfm ca nufmkt. (Oa tdk nbfm ca nufmkt os tcufdkl tdk iuolk-ofk ca ofk ebmkr, tdk ofk ebmkr wohh gct ebmk ofk bgy ecrk nkfbusk ca b ofk auhh soigbh.) >-6) Ot tbmks 1 dcurs tc dbrvkst b aorst ofk, bgl tdrcw bwby >-6 toeks ca tdksk ofk tc ebmk surk tdk supphokl wbtkr fhkbg.
Pusd tdk nufmkt nbfm auhhy sc tdbt tdk hkvkr sdcuhl gct nk pusdkl up.
2) Ogotobh Cpkrbtocg augftocg 2-2) Ydkgkvkr tdk pcwkr os cg, tdk fcgtrch ncbrl fdkfms tdk ofk trby hkvkhogi wotd tdk hkvkhogi swotfd wotdog > skfcgls. 2->) Oa tdk hkvkhogi swotfd os gct caa pcsotocg, tdk ikbrkl ectcr wohh turg tc tdk ogotobh pcsotocg tc ebmk tdk ofk of k trby hkvkhkl. 2-6) Ydkg tdk ofk trby os hkvkhkl, hkvkhkl, ot wohh rkebog tdos pcsotocg acr > dcurs (2 fyfhk toek acr acr ofk prcluftocg). 2-<) Batkr > dcurs, tdk skgscr hcfbtkl uglkr tdk ofk trby wohh ekbsurk tdk trby tkepkrbturk. Oa tdk tkepkrbturk os ebogtbogkl hcwkr tdbg 2ℏ acr ; eogutks, bgl tdk ofk auhh swotfd os caa pcsotocg, tdk ofk trby twostogi prcfkss wohh nkiog.
8^kakrkgfk tbnhk7 Hkvkhogi V/Y CG(‘HCY―) CG(‘HCY―) CAA(‘DOID―)
Ofk auhh V/Y CG(‘HCY―) CAA(‘DOID―) CG(‘HCY―)
Julikekgt Gct rkbly Gct rkbly Gct rkbly(Ofk nufmkt wotd auhh ca ofk )
CAA(‘DOID―)
CAA(‘DOID―)
^kbly
^kebrm ¹EOFCE Pcrt
POG #;2: Hkvkhogi POG #;2: Ofk auhh ¹Pcrt hkvkh CAA : <.;Q → CG : 0.;Q ↖
6. CPK^B\OGI OGV\^[F\OCGV & OGV\BHHB\OCG >) Ybtkr Vupphy augftocg >-2) Ydkg tdk ofk trby os hkvkhhkl bibog batkr kjkftogi ofk, tdk wbtkr schkgcol vbhuk wohh nk fcgtrchhkl tc supphy wbtkr ny toek fdkfm nbsos. (Vkk tdk ‘\oek tc supphy s upphy wbtkr― \bnhk) \bnhk) 6) Ofk prcluftocg 6-2) Batkr 10 eogutks pbss arce tdk wbtkr supphy, tdk fcgtrch ncbrl wohh fdkfm tdk tkepkrbturk. 6->) Oa tdk skgscr rkbls tdk tkepkrbturk hcwkr tdbg 2 ℏ acr ecrk tdbg ; eogutks, tdbg tdk ofk prcluftocg prcfkss os fcephktkl. <) \kst augftocg ◃ Og crlkr tc cpkrbtk b tkst augftocg, prkss tdk mgcn (\kst Vwotfd) acr 2.; skfcgl. ◃ \dos augftocg fbg nk uskl tc fdkfm b prcpkr wcrmogi, tc fhkbg tdk ofk trby trby,, bgl tc bljust tdk wbtkr hkvkh og tdk ofk trby. <-2) \dos augftocg cghy wcrms wdkg tdk ofk trby os hkvkhkl bgl tdk ofk auhh soigbh os fhkbrkl. <->) Ydkg tdk wbtkr hogk os fcggkftkl, kbfd kbf d prcfkss sufd bs b wbtkr supphy, kjkftocg, bgl hkvkhogi, fbg nk ogvkstoibtkl ny tdos nuttcg. ;) Ofk caa augftocg ;-2) Ydkg tdk Ofk caa cptocg os skhkftkl ny Ofk \ypk nuttcg, tdk ofk ebmogi prcfkss wohh fkbsk. ;->) Ydkg tdk ofk ebmogi prcfkss fkbsks, tdk aogbh stbtk wohh nk tdk ofk trby wotd supphokl wbtkr. wbtkr. ;-6) Ydkg Funkl cr Frusdkl cptocg os skhkftkl bibog, tdk fcgtrch ncbrl wohh fdkfm bg bffueuhbtkl toek pkrocl. Batkr ebmogi ot 10 eogutks bgl wdkg tdk ofk trby tkepkrbturk os bffkptbnhk, ofk kjkftocg prcfkss wohh nkiog. 1) Augftocgs wdkg tdk arkkzkr lccr os cpkg ◃ Ydkg tdk arkkzk lccr os cpkg, bhh ofk ebmkr rkhbtkl prcfkssks wohh fkbsk og crlkr tc eogoeozk gcosk bgl tc prkvkgt ofk arce lospkgsogi. 1-2) \dk ofk trby stcps ecvogi rkibrlhkss ca tdk pcsotocg. 1->) \dk wbtkr supphy prcfkss rkebogs wcrmogi bs usubh. 1-6) Oa tdk ofk trby os og tdk eollhk ca ofk kjkftogi prcfkss, fhcsk tdk arkkzkr acr 60 skfcgls bgl fdkfm oa tdk trby os hkvkhkl. Oa ot os gct hkvkhkl, ot eust nk cut ca crlkr.
6-20) Lkarcst Augftocg
2) B lkarcst os lktkreogkl nbskl cg tdk bffueuhbtkl fceprksscr cg-toek. >) Ydkg tdk pcwkr os kgibikl acr tdk aorst toek, tdk lkarcst fyfhk acr tdk arkkzkr bgl tdk rkaroikrbtcr wohh nkiog batkr < dcurs ca tdk bffueuhbtkl fceprksscr cg-toek. 6) B lkarcst ogtkrvbh lkpkgls cg tdk benokgt tkepkrbturk, tdk guenkr guenkr ca lccr cpkgogis, bgl tdk lccr cpkg toek. <) B eogoeue ogtkrvbh os 1 dcurs bgl b ebxoeue os 4 dcurs acr tdk rkaroikrbtcr, bgl 2> dcurs bgl 21 dcurs acr tdk arkkzkr, rkspkftovkhy. ;) \dk lkarcst dkbtkr cg-toek os lktkreogkl ny tdk lkarcst skgscrs bs achhcw : ^karoikrbtcr
Arkkzkr
Dkbtkr CG
Nkhcw ;0ℏ
-
Dkbtkr CAA
16ℏ
;0ℏ
6. CPK^B\OGI OGV\^[F\OCGV & OGV\BHHB\OCG 6-22) Ogstbhhbtocg
2) \c prctkft rkaroikrbtcr og ecvkekgt [sk pbllkl dbgl trufm bs sdcwg. Oa kgtrbgfk woltd os hkss tdbg 6?〆, rkecvk lccrs procr tc ogstbhhbtocg bgl rkbttbfd lccrs bffcrlogi tc prcfklurk nkhcw. >) ^kecvk bhh prctkftovk tbpk bgl pbl og rkaroikrbtcr rkaroikrbtcrs. s. Fcggkft wbtkr hogks bgl pcwkr fcrl. Bljust tdk fhkbrbgfk nktwkkg tdk lccrs. 6) Vkt tdk tkepkrbturk fcgtrch tc tdk tkepkrbturk bgl wbot acr bg dcur. \dk rkaroikrbtcr sdcuhl ikt shoidthy fdohhkl bgl tdk ectcr rugs secctdhy. <) Cgfk tdk rkaroikrbtcr tkepkrbturk os suaaofokgthy hcw _cu fbg stcrk accl og tdk rkaroikrbtcr. Batkr stbrtogi tdk rkaroikrbtcr, ot tbmks b akw dcurs tc rkbfd tdk bpprcprobtk tkepkrbturk. ◃
^kecvogi Lccrs
Cpkg tdk arkkzkr bgl rkaroikrbtcr lccrs, bgl tdkg tbmk caa tdk arcgt hki fcvkr bsskenhy ny turgogi tdk tdrkk sfrkws fcugtkr-fhcfmwosk. ^kecvk tdk sfrkw arce fhbep, losfcggkft tdk wbtkr tunk ny prkssogi tdk fcuphkr, bgl puhhogi tdk wbtkr tunk bwby. bwby.
Yotd tdk lccr fhcskl, rkecvk r kecvk tdk uppkr dogik fcvkr usogi b sfrkwlrovkr, bgl tdkg losfcggkft tdk works. ^kecvk dogik sfrkws bgl ircugl sfrkw fcugtkrfhcfmwosk, bgl tbmk caa tdk uppkr dogik. \bmk fbrk rkecvogi tdk lccr tc kgsurk tdbt ot lcks gct abhh cg ycu. ^kecvk tdk lccr arce tdk hcwkr dogik ny fbrkauhhy hoatogi tdk lccr sc bs gct tc lbebik tdk wbtkr tunk. ^kecvk tdk hcwkr dogik arce tdk hcwkr dogik nrbfmkt ny hoatogi tdk hcwkr dogik.
◃
Bttbfdogi Lccrs
Ogskrt tdk hcwkr dogik og tdk nrbfmkt hcwkr dogik. Bttbfd tdk arkkzkr lccr ny ogskrtogi tdk dcsk og tdk hcwkr solk ca tdk lccr ogtc tdk dchk og tdk hcwkr dogik bgl puhhogi tdk dcsk lcwg.
Ogskrt tdk uppkr dogik sdbat ogtc tdk dchk. Batkr hkvkhogi nktwkkg tdk uppkr dogik dchk bgl tdk dchk ca tdk fbnogkt. ^kbttbfd dogik sfrkws bgl ircugl sfrkw og tdk fhcfmwosk lorkftocg. Fcggkft tdk works. (Put tdk arcgt pbrt ca tdk uppkr dogik fcvkr fcvkr cg tdk arcgt pbrt ca tdk uppkr dogik bgl rkbttbfd rkbttbfd arce tdk arcgt pbrt pbr t ca tdk uppkr dogik fcvkr aorst. )
<. BHOIGEKG\ BGL BLJ[V\EKG\V
<-2) Acrfkl Cpkrbtocg Augftocg (Puhh-lcwg / ^karoikrbtcr Lkarcst / ^karoikrbtcr . Arkkzkr-Lkarcst / Fbgfkhhbtocg) <->) Vcugl augftocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
<-6) Fcchogi Caa Augftocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹
<-<) Vkha-Lobigcstofs Augftocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
<-;) Hcbl Cpkrbtocg Fdkfm Augftocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
<-1) ^kstcrbtocg Augftocg acr Pcwkr Cutbik <-9) Vkt Pcogt Vdoat Augftocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
<-4) \bnhk \bnhk ca Vkt Pcogt Vdoat Augftocg
>4
¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
>? >? >? 62 62 62 6>
<. BHOIGEKG\ BGL BLJ[V\EKG\V <-2) Acrfkl Cpkrbtocg Augftocg (Puhh-lcwg / ^karoikrbtcr Lkarcst / ^karoikrbtcr . Arkkzkr-Lkarcst Arkkz kr-Lkarcst / Fbgfkhhbtocg)
\dos augftocg kgbnhks b puhh-lcwg eclk, b lkarcst eclk acr tdk rkaroikrbtcr cghy, b lkarcst eclk acr tdk arkkzkr bgl tdk rkaroikrbtcr bt tdk sbek toek, bgl b fbgfkhhbtocg ca tdos augftocg. ◃ Prkss Pcwkr Arkkzk bgl Arolik \kep. \kep. nuttcgs acr 4 skfcgls soeuhtbgkcushy tc ikt og tdk rkbly eclk acr b acrfkl cpkrbtocg. ◃ \dk losphby pbgkh wohh rkturg tc gcrebh batkr >0 skfcgls og tdk rkbly eclk. ◃ Bt tdk rkbly eclk, prkss bgy nuttcg(kxfkpt Ofk \ypk bgl Fdohl Hcfm) cgfk tc stbrt stbr t b puhh-lcwg cpkrbtocg, twofk acr b lkarcst fyfhk acr tdk rkaroikrbtcr, tdrkk toeks acr b lkarcst fyfhk acr tdk arkkzkr bgl tdk rkaroikrbtcr, bgl aogbhhy acur toeks acr fbgfkhhbtocg ca tdos augftocg. ◃ Bgctdkr wby tc fbgfkh tdos augftocg os tc soephy phui cut bgl og tdk pcwkr fcrl. ◃
Prkss nctd nuttcg acr 4skfcgls bt tdk sbek toek
2) Puhh-lcwg 2-2) Bt tdk rkbly eclk, prkss bgy nuttcg cgfk tdkg tdk nuzzkr wohh nkkp (CG acr 2/> skfcgl bgl CAA acr 2/> skfcgl) ugtoh tdos eclk os fbgfkhhkl. 2->) Bt tdos puhh-lcwg eclk, tdk fceprksscr wohh stbrt oeeklobtkhy (Gc ; eogutk lkhby) bgl oa tdk systke os og tdk lkarcst fyfhk, ot wohh nk fbgfkhhkl roidt bwby. bwby. gctk) Oa tdos puhh-lcwg eclk nkiogs roidt batkr tdk fceprksscr wbs caa, tdk fceprksscr eby gct stbrt tc rug luk tc bg cvkrhcbl fcglotocg. 2-6) Bt tdos eclk, tdk fceprksscr bgl arkkzkr abg wohh cpkrbtk fcgtogucushy acr >< dcurs bgl tdk rkaroikrbtcr abg wohh nk cg bgl caa bffcrlogi tc tdk skt tkepkrbturk(6< ℏ) 2-<) Batkr >< dcur cpkrbtocg, tdk systke wohh nk fyfhkl bt -2< ℏ acr tdk arkkzkr bgl 6<ℏ acr tdk rkaroikrbtcr. 2-;) Og crlkr tc fbgfkh tdos eclk bt bgy toek, skhkft tdk gkxt eclk cg tdk rkbly eclk cr pcwkr caa tdk systke. >) ^karoikrbtcr Lkarcst / ^karoikrbtcr . Arkkzkr-Lkarcst cpkrbtocg >-2) Bt tdk puhh-lcwg eclk, prkss bgy nuttcg bibog cg tdk rkbly eclk tc nkiog tdk lkarcst fyfhk acr tdk rkaroikrbtcr. >->) \dk nkkp scugl fcgtoguks acr 6 skfcgl bt tdk nkioggogi, tdkg CG acr 6/< skfcgls bgl CAA acr 2/< skfcgl ugtoh tdos eclk fkbsk. >-6) Batkr tdos cpkrbtocg, tdk systke wohh fcek nbfm tc gcrebh cpkrbtocg. >-<) Bt tdos eclk, prkss bgy nuttcg bibog cg tdk rkbly eclk tc cpkrbtk tdk lkarcst fyfhks acr nctd fcepbrtekgts. >-;) \dk nkkp scugl fcgtoguks acr 6 skfcgls bt tdbt toek, tdkg CG acr 2/< skfcgl bgl CAA acr 6/< skfcgls ugtoh tdk lkarcst cpkrbtocg fkbsk. 6) Fbgfkhhbtocg 6-2) Bt tdk ^,A-Lkarcst eclk, prkss bgt nuttcg bibog cg tdk rkbly eclk tc rkturg tc b gcrebh cpkrbtocg. 6->) Voephy ugphui tdk pcwkr fcrl, tdkg phui ot bibog tc rkturg tc b gcrebh cpkrbtocg.
<. BHOIGEKG\ BGL BLJ[V\EKG\V <->) Vcugl augftocg
2) Vcugl augftocg 2-2) \c \c ebmk surk b fceebgl ogput, wdkgkvkr b nuttcg os prksskl, b ‘logi-lcgi― scugls. 2->) Ydkg twc cr ecrk nuttcgs brk prksskl soeuhtbgkcushy cr oa b wrcgi nuttcg nuttcg os prksskl, tdkrk os gc scugl. >) Lccr Cpkg Bhbre >-2) Ydkg tdk lccrs rkebog cpkg acr > eogutks, tdkrk brk 20 toeks nkkps. >->) Oa tdk lccrs fcgtoguk tc rkebog cpkg ecrk tdbg > eogutks, tdk bllotocgbh 20 nkkps ogtkrvbh wohh fdbgik tc 2 eogutk. >-6) \dk nkkps wohh fkbsk oeeklobtkhy wdkg tdk lccrs brk fhcskl. <-6) Fcchogi Caa Augftocg ◃
\dos augftocg os acr b losphby purpcsk cg tdk ahccr ca sdcw rcce cr stcrk.
2) Eclk CG/CAA 2-2) Acr tdk Fcchogi Caa C aa eclk, prkss Pcwkr Arkkzk bgl Arkkzkr \kep, \kep, nuttcgs soeuhtbgkcushy acr 6 skfcgls ugtoh b ‘logi-lcgi― scugls. 2->) Prkss tdk sbek toek nuttcgs bibog acr 6 skfcgls tc fbgfkh tdos eclk put wotd b ‘logi-lcgi― scugl. >) Cpkrbtocg >-2) Ecst ca tdk systke augftocg kxfkpt tdk fceprksscr cpkrbtocg brk wcrmogi prcpkrhy. >->) \dkrk os gc lkarcst fyfhk og tdos eclk. >-6) ‘CA― os losphbykl cg A, ^ Losphby. >-<) Fcchogi Caa eclk os gct fhkbrkl kvkg oa pcwkr os rkskt. <-<) Vkha-Lobigcstofs Augftocg
2) Vkha-Lobigcstofs og tdk ogotobh Pcwkr CG 2-2)\dk fcgtrch ncbrl pkracres b skha lobigcstofs tkst wotdog 2 skfcgl bgl fdkfm cut tdk tkepkrbturk skgscrs bnohotoks. 2->) Oa b skgscr abohurk cffurs, b fcrrkspcglogi HKL skiekgt wohh nhogm wotd b nkkp. 2-6) Ydkg b HKL skiekgt nhogms, cghy tdk fbgfkhhbtocg augftocg (Prkss Pcwkr Arkkzk bgl Pcwkr Pcwkr Fcch nuttcgs soeuhtbgkcushy acr 4 skfcgls) os bffkptbnhk. 2-<) Batkr b rkphbfkekgt ca nbl skgscr cr b fbgfkhhbtocg ca tdos augftocg, tdos skha lobigcstofs wohh kgl. >) Vkha-Lobigcstofs og tdk gcrebh cpkrbtocg >-2) \c skhkft tdos augftocg, prkss Pcwkr Arkkzk bgl Pcwkr Fcch nuttcgs soeuhtbgkcushy acr 4 skfcgls wotd bg bulonhk tcgk. >->) Og tdk skha lobigcstof eclk, cghy fcrrkspcglogi HKL skiekgts wohh nk ohhueogbtkl (skk tdk fdkfm host cg tdk gkxt pbik) >-6) Batkr b 60 skfcgl ohhueogbtocg ca krrcr soigbh, tdk systke wohh rkturg tc tdk gcrebh cpkrbtocg.
<. BHOIGEKG\ BGL BLJ[V\EKG\V Vkha-lobigcstofs fdkfm host GC ① ③ ⑮ ⑦ ⑬ ⑫ ② ⑩ ⑤ ⑯ ⑪ ⑭ ⑨
Krrcr OFK EBMK^ VKGVC^ ^KA^OIK^B\C^ VKGVC^ ^KA^OIK^B\C^ LKA^CV\ VKGVC^ ^KA^OIK^B\C^ ABG K^^C^ OFK EBMK^ augftocg krrcr FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E VKGVC^ ^KA^OIK^B\C^ LKA^CV\ K^^C^ KTO\-VKGVC^ A^KKZK^ VKGVC^ A^KKZK^ LKA^CV\ K^^C^ A^KKZK^ ABG K^^C^ FCGLKGVK^ ABG K^^C^ A^KKZK^ LKA^CV\ K^^C^
Oa bgy HKLs nhogm, tdk fcrrkspcglogi skgscrs bgl fcepcgkgts eust nk fdkfmkl acr bg krrcr.
Krrcr otkes ca skha-lobigcstofs HKL Losphby
Dcw tc Vkha-Lobigcsk
GC
Krrcr ototkkes
02
OFK EBMK^ VKGVC^
Ofk Ebmkr skgscr fcggkftcr eossogi= fcgtbft abohurk, khkftrof work fut, sdcrt-forfuot= Ofk Ebmkr skgscr abohurk= bgl sc cg
\dk vchtbik sdcuhl nk wotdog tdk rbgik ca <. ;Q~2.0Q nktwkkg EBOG PFN FG?0 # 6 bgl # <.
0>
^KA^OIK^B\C^ VKGVC^
^karoikrbtcr skgscr fcggkftcr eossogi= fcgtbft abohurk, khkftrof work fut, sdcrt- forfuot= ^karoikrbtcr skgscr otskha abohurk= bgl sc cg
\dk vchtbik sdcuhl nk wotdog tdk rbgik ca <.;Q~2.0Q nktwkkg EBOG PFN FG60 # 1 bgl # 9.
^KA^OIK^B\C^
^karoikrbtcr kvbpcrbtcr ogtkrgbh lkarcstogi skgscr fcggkftcr eossogi= fcgtbft abohurk, khkftrof work f ut, sdcrt-forfuot= skgscr otskha abohurk= abohurk= bgl sc cg
\dk vchtbik sdcuhl nk wotdog tdk rbgik ca <.;Q~2.0Q nktwkkg EBOG PFN FG60 # 1 bgl # 4.Oglofbtk Krrcr wdkg tdk tkepkrbturk skgskl ny ^karoikrbtcr lkarcstogi skgscr os doidkr tdbg 2;0ℏ cr hcwkr tdbg ‖;4 ℏ.
^KA^OIK^B\C^
^karoikrbtcr Abg ectcr cpkrbtocg abohurk=
06 LKA^CV\ VKGVC^
Lktbohs
0< ABG K^^C^
akklnbfm soigbh hogk fcgtbft abohkl, khkftrof work fut, sdcrt- forfuot= bgl sc cg
augftocg 0; OFK EBMK^ K^^C^
Ofk-kjkftcr bgl hkvkh abohkl tdrkk toeks cr ecrk
FcchVkhkft
\dk vchtbik sdcuhl nk 9Q~2>Q nktwkkg EBOG PFN FG9> # ;(C^BGIK) bgl #9(I^B_). Pusdt dkt kst n ut t cgcgbgO / EBss' ybglO tsdcuh l wcrm.
01 Zcgk\E skgscr
FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E skgscr fcggkftcr eossogi= fcgtbft \dk vchtbik sdcuhl nk wotdog tdk rbgik ca <.;Q~2.0Q abohkl, khkftrof work fut, sdcrt-forfuot= FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E nktwkkg EBOG PFN FG;2 # 26 bgl # 2<. skgscr otskha abohkl= bgl sc cg.
^KA^OIK^B\C^ 09 LKA^CV\ K^^C^
Og tdk rkaroikrbtcr rcce, oa arcst rkecvbh eclk os aogosdkl luk tc hoeotkl toek ca 40 eogutks. Krrcr tkreogbhs(tdk rkblogi vbroks bffcrlogi tc tdk nbsof Pcwkr Fcgsueptocg. os losphbykl. 0 Cde↞Dkbtkr Vdcrt, ∗Cde↞York Fut cr Nhcwg Noektbh \dkrec
^kbl tdk rksostbgfk nktwkkg tdk nrcwg bgl tdk crbgik work
04
Benokgt Bor VKGVC^
Bor skgscr fcggkftcr eossogi= fcgtbft abohurk, khkftrof work fut, sdcrt-forfuot= cpkg bor skgscr otskha abohurk= bgl sc cg
\dk vchtbik sdcuhl nk wotdog tdk rbgik ca <.;Q~2.0Q nktwkkg EBOG PFN FG62 # 2 bgl # <.
0?
A^KKZK^ VKGVC^
Arkkzkr skgscr fcggkftcr eossogi= fcgtbft abohkl, khkftrof work fut, sdcrt-forfuot=Arkkzkr ^cce skgscr otskha abohurk.
\dk vchtbik sdcuhl nk wotdog tdk rbgik ca <.;Q~2.0Q nktwkkg EBOG PFN FG60 # > bgl # 6.
20
A^KKZK^ LKA^CV\ VKGVC^
Arkkzkr kvbpcrbtcr lkarcstogi skgscr fcggkftcr \dk vchtbik sdcuhl nk wotdog tdk rbgik ca <.;Q~2.0Q eossogi= fcgtbft abohkl, khkftrof work fut, sdcrtnktwkkg EBOG PFN FG60 # > bgl # <. forfuot= skgscr otskha abohurk= bgl sc cg
22
A^KKZK^ ABG K^^C^
Arkkzkr Abg ectcr cpkrbtocg abohurk= akklnbfm
soigbh hogk fcgtbft abohurk, ectcr‟s khkftrof work eossogi= bgl sc cg.
\dk vchtbik sdcuhl nk 9Q~2>Q nktwkkg EBOG PFN FG9> # 1(_KHHCY) bgl # 9(I^B_).
2>
FCGLKGVK^ ABG K^^C^ (FCEP-ABG)
Fcglkgskr Abg ectcr cpkrbtocg abohurk= akklnbfm soigbh hogk fcgtbft abohurk, ectcr‟s khkftrof work eossogi= bgl sc cg.
\dk vchtbik sdcuhl nk 9Q~2>Q nktwkkg EBOG PFN FG9> # <(V/NH[K) bgl # 9(I^B_).
A^KKZK^
Og tdk arkkzkr rcce, oa arcst rkecvbh eclk os aogosdkl luk tc hoeotkl toek ca 90 eogutks. Krrcr os losphbykl
^kbl tdk rksostbgfk nktwkkg tdk wdotk bgl tdk crbgik work tkreogbhs(tdk rkblogi vbroks bffcrlogi tc tdk nbsof Pcwkr Fcgsueptocg. 0 Cde Dkbtkr Vdcrt, Cde York Fut cr Nhcwg \dkrec Ausk
26 LKA^CV\ K^^C^
↞
∗
↞
<. BHOIGEKG\ BGL BLJ[V\EKG\V <-;) Hcbl Cpkrbtocg Fdkfm Augftocg
2) Og tdk gcrebh gcr ebh cpkrbtocg, prkss Pcwkr Arkkzk bgl Pcwkr Fcch nuttcgs soeuhtbgkcushy acr 1 skfcgls, tdkg tdk losphby pbgkh wohh nhogm acr > skfcgls. >) Prkss Arolik \kep. \kep. nuttcg ⓐ tc ikt ogtc tdos fdkfm eclk wotd bg bulonhk tcgk. 6) Kbfd ohhueogbtogi HKL skiekgt stbgls acr tdk fcepcgkgt wdofd dbs bg cuput soigbh arce tdk fcgtrch ncbrl. <) \dos eclk wohh tkreogbtk butcebtofbhhy batkr 60 skfcgls. \bnhk
GC ① ③ ⑮ ⑦ ⑬
ca Hcbl Eclk Fdkfm Host Fcgtkgts
^KA^OIK^B\C^ ABG Doid cr BF ectcr cpkrbtocg ^KA^OIK^B\C^ ^KA^OIK^B\C ^ ABG Hcw ^KA^OIK^B\C^ LKA^CV\ dkbtkr Vtbrt eclk Cvkrhcbl eclk
⑫ Hcw-tkepkrbturk eclk ② Kxdonotocg eclk ⑩ FCEP^KVVC^ ⑤ A^KKZK^ ABG Doid ⑯ A^KKZK^ ABG Hcw ⑪ A^KKZK^ LKA^CV\ Dkbtkr ⑭ FCGLKGVK^ ABG Doid ⑨ FCGLKGVK^ ABG Hcw ⑥ Lospkgskr-Dkbtkr ⑧ Lbepkr
-
Gcrebh fcglotocg
Acr tdk ^KA^OIK^B\C^ ABG, cghy cgk rpe os bpphokl acr tdk furrkgt eclkhs, sc tdbt ① bgl ③ sdcw ^KA^OIK^B\C^ ABG cpkrbtocg cghy. ‽ \dk A^KKZK^ ABG bgl FCGLKGVK^ ABG brk cpkrbtkl tc Doid/Hcw rpe butcebtofbhhy bffcrlogi tc tdk cpkrbtocgbh fcglotocg. ‽ ⑦⑬ bgl ⑫ cghy kxphbog tdk systke cpkrbtocg stbtk bffcrlogi tc tdk benokgt fcglotocg ‽
<-1) ^kstcrbtocg Augftocg acr Pcwkr Cutbik
2) Ydkg tdk arkkzkr tkepkrbturk os hcwkr tdbg <2ℏ, bhh augftocgs cg tdk losphby pbgkh wohh nk rkstcrkl. >) Ydkg tdk arkkzkr tkepkrbturk os doidkr tdbg <2ℏ, bhh augftocgs wohh nk ogotobhozkl. (-<ℏ acr tdk arkkzkr, 64ℏ acr tdk rkaroikrbtcr, bgl Funkl acr tdk Ofk \ypk) <-9) Vkt Pcogt Vdoat Augftocg ◃ ◃
Prkss Arkkzkr \kep. \kep. bgl Pcwkr Fcch nuttcgs nuttcgs soeuhtbgkcushy acr 2> skfcgls tc ikt ogtc tdos eclk. Og tdos eclk, cghy tdk losphby HKLs acr tkepkrbturk wohh nk CG.
<. BHOIGEKG\ BGL BLJ[V\EKG\V
2) Ogotobhhy, Ogotobhhy, bhh prclufts skt tdk fclk, ‘0― >) Batkr >0 skfcgls arce bljustekgt, b gkw skttogi wohh nk stcrkl og KKP^CE bgl rkturg tc tdk gcrebh losphby. 6) Arkkzkr \kep, Arolik \kep., \kep., Ofk ebmkr wbtkr supphy, Ofk trby tkepkrbturk, bgl FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E tkepkrbturk fbg nk bljustkl wotd tdos augftocg.
<-4) \bnhk \bnhk ca Vkt Pcogt Vdoat Augftocg 2) Vdoat tdk arkkzkr tkepkrbturk skgscr
^kakrkgfk Qbhuk
Fclk
0
\kep. sdoat
Fclk
\kep. sdoat
2.0ℏ >.0ℏ 6.0ℏ <.0ℏ ;.0ℏ 1.0ℏ 9.0ℏ 4.0ℏ
0
0
4
2
％2.0ℏ
?
>
％>.0ℏ
20
6
％6.0ℏ
22
<
％<.0ℏ
2>
;
％;.0ℏ
26
1
％1.0ℏ
2<
9
％9.0ℏ
2;
<. BHOIGEKG\ BGL BLJ[V\EKG\V
Kxbephk) Oa ycu brk hcwkrogi tdk furrkgt tkepkrbturk ca tdk arkkzkr ny ％1.0ℏ
>) Vdoat tdk rkaroikrbtcr tkepkrbturk skgscr
^kakrkgfk Qbhuk
Fclk
2
\kep. sdoat
Fclk
\kep. sdoat
2.0ℏ >.0ℏ 6.0ℏ <.0ℏ ;.0ℏ 1.0ℏ 9.0ℏ 4.0ℏ
0
0
4
2
％2.0ℏ
?
>
％>.0ℏ
20
6
％6.0ℏ
22
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％<.0ℏ
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;
％;.0ℏ
26
1
％1.0ℏ
2<
9
％9.0ℏ
2;
Kxbephk) Oa ycu brk rbosogi tdk furrkgt tkepkrbturk ca tdk rkaroikrbtcr ny +6.0ℏ
<. BHOIGEKG\ BGL BLJ[V\EKG\V
■\dk achhcwogi cptocgs brk hoeotkl tc b eclkh wotd tdk Ofk Ebmkr.
6) Bljust tdk toek tc supphy wbtkr acr tdk ofk ebmkr ^kakrkgfk Qbhuk
>
;) Vdoat tdk FcchVkhkft Zcgk \E tkepkrbturk skgscr.
^kakrkgfk Qbhuk
>0
Fclk
Qchuek tc supphy wbtkr
Fclk
FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E tkepkrbturk skgscr
0
4; ff
0
0ℏ
2
?; ff
2
-2.0ℏ
>
->.0ℏ
6
-6.0ℏ
<
2.0ℏ
;
>.0ℏ
1
6.0ℏ
9
<.0ℏ
<) Vdoat tdk Ofk ebmkr tkepkrbturk skgscr ^kakrkgfk Qbhuk
<
Fclk
Ofk ebmkr tkepkrbturk skgscr
0
2ℏ
2
-0.;ℏ
>
-<ℏ
6
-9.;ℏ
<
;ℏ
;
20.;ℏ
1
2<ℏ
9
29.;ℏ
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ;-2) Arkkzkr Lccr ;->) ^karoikrbtcr Lccr ;-6) Fcgtrch Pbgkh ;-<) Lccr Ibsmkt ;-;) Lccr Dbglhk ;-1) Lccr Hoidt Vwotfd ;-9) \kepkrkl Ihbss Vdkha ;-4) Phbstof Lrbwkrs Og ^karoikrbtcr ;-?) Ibhhcg Lccr Nog ;-20) Ybtkr Aohtkr ;-22) Kvbpcrbtcr Fcvkr Og \dk ^karoikrbtcr ;-2>) [ppkr Luftwcrm ;-26) Kvbpcrbtcr Abg Ectcr ;-2<) Kvbpcrbtcr Og ^karoikrbtcr ;-2;) Lccr Nog Og Arkkzkr ;-21) Arkkzkr Lccr Hoidt Vwotfd ;-29) Phbstof (York Lrbwkr Og Arkkzkr) ;-24) Arkkzkr Vdkha ;-2?) Ofk Lospkgskr & Ofk Ebmkr ;->0) Ofk Ebmkr Mot ;->2) Buikr Ectcr Fbsk ;->>) Arkkzkr Hoidt ;->6) Kvbpcrbtcr Fcvkr Og Arkkzkr ;-><) [ppkr Luft ;->;) Kvbpcrbtcr Abg Ectcr ;->1) Kvbpcrbtcr Og Arkkz Arkkzkr kr ;->9) Arkkzkr \dkreostcr ;->4) Ofk-Ebmkr \dkreostcr ;->?) Benokgt \dkreos ;-60) Ebfdogk Fcepbrtekgt & Khkftrof ncx
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61 69 69 64 64 64 64 6? 6? 6? 6? <0 <2 <2 <2 <> <> <> <6 <6 << << << << <; <; <1 <1 <1 <9
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ;-2) Arkkzkr Lccr • Hoat tdk lccr strboidt up.
GC\K
• Nk fbrkauh gct tc pogfd tdk wbtkr tunogi bgl work dbrgkss cg tdk lccr. • Phbfk lccrs cg b prctkftkl surabfk.
Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
^kecvogi tdk Arcgt hki fcvkr. 2.Cpkg tdk arkkzkr bgl rkaroikrbtcr lccrs. >.\bmk caa tdk arcgt hki fcvkr ny turgogi tdk tdrkk sfrkw fcugtkrfhcfmwosk. ^kecvogi tdk Ybtkr supphy hogk. 2.^kecvk tdk sfrkw arce fhbep(ⓐ) >.Vbpbrbtogi tdk Ybtkr Vupphy Hogk arce tdk ^karoikrtcr ny prkssogi tdk fcuphkr(③)bgl puhhogi tdk wbtkr tunk(①)bwby.
ⓐ
Lccr Ark Nk fbrkauh gct tc sfrbtfd Fbutocg
③
① ^kecvogi tdk [ppkr dogik. 2.Yotd tdk lccr fchskl,rkecvk tdk uppkr dogik fcvkr(①)usogi b sfrkwlrovkr. >.Losfcggkft tdk works(③). 6.^kecvk dogik sfrkws(⑮)bgl ircugl sfrkw(⑦)fcugtkrfhcfmwosk bgl tbmk caa tdk uppkr dogik(⑬)bhcgi tdk brrcw.
③
①
⑦
Ydkg lobsskenhogi, ebmk Fbutocg surk tdk ugot turgkl caa
⑮
⑬
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lccr Ark
^kecvogi tdk Hcwkr dogik. 2.^kecvk tdk lccr arce tdk hcwkr dogik(①)ny fbrkauhhy hoatogi tdk lccr. >.^kecvk tdk hcwkr dogik arce tdk nrbfmkt dogik( ③)ny hoatogi tdk hcwkr dogik og tdk lorkftocg ca tdk brrcw.
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
① ③
;->) ^KA^OIK^B\C^ LCC^ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
^kecvogi tdk [ppkr dogik. 2.Yotd tdk lccr fchskl,rkecvk tdk uppkr dogik fcvkr(①)usogi b sfrkwlrovkr. ①
Lccr ^ka
>.^kecvk dogik sfrkws(①)bgl ircugl sfrkw(③) fcugtkrfhcfmwosk bgl tbmk caa tdk uppkr dogik(⑮)bhcgi tdk brrcw.
① Nk fbrkauh gct tc sfrbtfd Fbutocg
^kecvogi tdk Hcwkr dogik. 2.^kecvk tdk lccr arce tdk hcwkr dogik(①)ny fbrkauhhy hoatogi tdk lccr. >.^kecvk tdk hcwkr dogik arce tdk nrbfmkt dogik(③)ny hoatogi tdk hcwkr dogik og tdk lorkftocg ca tdk brrcw.
GC\K
③
⑮
① ③
• Batkr losbsskenhogi tdk arkkzkr / rkaroikrbtcr lccr, ecvk ot tc tdk bpprcprobtk hcfbtocg. _cu eust rkbsskenhk ot.
;-6) FCG\^CH PBGKH PBGKH Pbrt gbek
Fcgtrch Pbgkh
Dcw \c Lc Ogskrt b ahbt -nhblk sfrkwlrovkr cg tdk shct bs sdcwg,bgl ughcfm tdk tbns. Losfcggkft tdk work fcggkftcr og tdk lorkftocg ca tdk brrcw. Ydkg lobsskenhogi, ebmk Fbutocg surk tdk ugot turgkl caa
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ;-<) LCC^ IBVMK\ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lccr Ibsmkt
\dk lccr ibsmkt os b echlkl ibsmkt skt ogtc b fdbggkh hcfbtkl og tdk lccr hogkr. 2.Cpkg tdk lccr >.Irbsp tdk ibsmkt bgl puhh og bg cutwbrl ectocg ugtoh tdk
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
echlkl ibsmkt skpbrbtks arce tdk lccr hogkr.
;-;) LCC^ DBGLHK Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lccr Dbglhk
\dk lccr dbglhks bhhcw bffkss ogtc tdk rkaroikrbtcr bgl arkkzkr. \dky brk arcgt ecugtkl wotd sfrkws. Hoat tdk dbglhk upwbrl ectocg wotd cg.
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
;-1) LCC^ HOID\ VYO\FD Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dk rkaroikrbtcr rkaroikrbtcr dbs b lccr hoidt swotfd swotfd hcfbtkl og tdk uppkr roidt fcrgkr acr tdk rkaroikrbt rkaroikrbtcr. cr. 2. [sk b sebhh ahbt-nhblk sfrkwlrovkr tc ughcfm tdk hcfmogi tbn bgl puhh tdk swotfd cut ugtoh tdk work fcggkftcr os vosonhk. Lccr Hoidt Vwotfd Nk fbrkauh gct tc sfrbtfd Fbutocg
;-9) \KEPK^KL IHBVV VDKHA Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc \dos sdkhvks bhhcw tdk stcrbik ca hbrikr otkes bgl puhh cut acr kbsy bffkss. 2. Puhh tdk sdkha cut bs abr bs ot icks. >. Hoat ot up bgl rkecvk ot.
\kepkrkl Ihbss Vdkha Nk fbrkauh ca ogjury Fbutocg
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ;-4) PHBV\OF L^BYK^V OG ^KA^OIK^B\C^ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
Lrbwkrs brk lksoigkl acr stcrbik ca aruots, vkiktbnhks, bgl lkho otkes, \dk lrbwkrs brk hcfbtkl og tdk hcwkr pcrtocg ca tdk rkaroikrbtcr. Phbstof Lrbwkrs 2. Puhh cut tdk lrbwkr bs abr bs ot icks. og ^karoikrbtcr >. \oht tdk lrbwkr up bgl puhh ot cut ugtoh ot os rkecvkl.
;-?) IBHHCG LCC^ NOG Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dk lccr nogs bhhcw stcrbik ca pkrosdbnhk otkes. 2. Pusd tdk nog up bgl sholk ot cut. Ibhhcg Lccr Nog
;-20) YB\\K^ AOH\K^ Pbrt gbek
Ybttkr Aohtkr
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dk wbtkr aohtkr os hcfbtkl og tdk uppkr roidt-dbgl fcrgkr ca tdk rkaroikrbtcr. \dk wbtkr aohtkr aohtkrs wbtkr acr tdk ofk ebmkr bgl tdk wbtkr lospkgskr. 2.\urg tdk wbtkr aohtkr 2/> turg fcugtkrfhcfmw fcugtkrfhcfmwosk osk bgl puhh ot lcwg. >.\c ogstbhh tdk aohtkr, bhoig tdk oglofbtocg ebrm(ughcfm pcsotocg) bgl pusd ot up hwdohk turgogi 2/> turg fhcfmwosk ugtoh tdk hcfm pcsotocg os bhoigkl. Lc gct cvkr toidtkg.
;-22) KQBPC^B\C^ FCQK^ OG \DK ^KA^OIK^B\C^ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc Puhh cut tdk sfrkw fbp bgl rkecvk tdk sfrkw.
Kvbpcrbtcr Fcvkr
^kecvk tdk hbep fcvkr ny ughcfmogi tdk tbns bgl puhhogi tdk fcvkr lcwg.
Nk fbrkauh gct tc sfrbtfd Fbutocg
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
^kecvk tdk wbtkr tbgm arce tdk kvbpcrbtcr fcvkr ny ugsfrkwogi tdk sfrkws.
^kecvk tdk sfrkws bt tdk kvbpcrbtcr fcvkr bgl losfcggkft tdk work fcggkftcr
Kvbpcrbtcr Fcvkr
\bmk caa ectcr bgl hbep work fcggktcr hcfbtkl cg tdk uppkr hogkr
^kecvk tdk Kvbpcrbtcr fcvkr og tdk lorkftocg ca tdk brrcw bs sdcwg.
;-2>) [PPK^ L[FMYC^M Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc ^kecvk tdk hbep fcvkr ny ughcfmogi tdk tbns bgl puhhogi cut tdk fcvkr.
[ppkr Lufmwcrm
^kecvk tdk sfrkws(>) bgl uppkr abg luftwcrm wdohk losfcggkftogi tdk work fcggkftcr. (hbep bgl tdkreostcr)
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ;-26) KQBPC^B\C^ OG ^KA^OIK^B\C^ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dk kvbpcrbtcr abg os hcfbtkl og tdk eollhk rkbr ca tdk arkkzkr. \dos abg forfuhbtks fchl bor og tdk arkkzkr. Kvbpcrbtcr Abg 2. ^kecvk sfrkws (<) hcfbtkl bt tdk acur fcrgkrs ca Ectcr tdk abg nrbfmkt. >. \bmk tdk abg ectcr bsskenhy caa.
;-2<) KQBPC^B\C^ OG ^KA^OIK^B\C^ Pbrt gbek
Kvbpcrbtcr Og ^karoikrbtcr
Dcw \c Lc Kvbpcrbtcr os hcfbtkl og tdk ncttce ca rkaroikrbtcr. 2. \bmk caa tdk luftwcrm og rkaroikrbtcr. >. Losfcggkft tdk work fcggkftcr. (Dkbtkr bgl \dkreostcr) 6. Lkschlkr tdk fbpohhbry tunk bgl tdk suftocg hogk arce tdk kvbpcrbtcr. <. ^kecvk tdk kvbpcrbtcr. ;. Yotd b aohk, sfcrk tdk fbpohhbry tunk just upstrkbe ca tdk schlkrkl pcogt. Nrkbm caa tdk schlkrkl skftocg tc dkhp prkvkgt schlkr arce phuiiogi tdk tunk lurogi schlkrogi. 1. Phbfk b gkw kvbpcrbtcr bgl nrbzk tdk suftocg bgl fbpohhbry tunk tc kvbpcrbtcr usogi sohvkr schlkr. 9. Ogstbhh b rkphbfkekgt lrykr. 4. Kvbfubtk bgl rkfdbrik tdk systke usogi rkbscgbnhk prcfklurks.
Lksfroptovk Pofturk \dkreostcr
Fbpohhbry \unk Vuftocg Hogk
\dkrebh Ausk
;-2;) LCC^ NOG OG A^KKZK^ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc \dk lccr nogs bhhcw stcrbik ca pkrosdbnhk otkes. 2. Pusd tdk nog up bgl sholk ot cut.
Lccr Nog Og Arkkzkr
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ;-21) A^KKZK^ LCC^ HOID\ VYO\FD Pbrt gbek
Arkkzkr Lccr Hoidt Vwotfd
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dk swotfd os hcfbtkl og tdk hkat-dbgl pcrtocg ca tdk arkkzkr bgl skgls b soigbh tc tdk prcfksscr. 2. Yotd b sebhh ahbt-nhblk sfrkwlrovkr, ughcfm tdk hcfmogi tbns bgl puhh tdk swotfd cut ugtoh tdk work fcggkftcr os vosonhk. >. Losfcggkft tdk work fcggkftcr bgl rkecvk tdk swotd.
;-29) PHBV\OF (YO^K L^BYK^ OG A^KKZK^) Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
Lrbwkrs brk lksoigkl acr stcrbik ca ekbt bgl lry accls. \dk lrbwkrs brk hcfbtkl og tdk hcwkr pcrtocg ca tdk arkkzkr. 2. Puhh cut tdk lrbwkr bs abr bs ot icks. Phbstof Lrbwkr >. \oht tdk lrbwkr up bgl puhh ot cut ugtoh ot os rkecvkl. Og Arkkzkr
;-24) A^KKZK^ VDKHA Pbrt gbek
Lksfroptovk Pofturk \dk sdkhvks sholk cut acr kbsy bffkss acr arczkg otkes. 2. Vholk tdk sdkha cut ugtoh ot o t rkbfdks ots stcp. >. \oht lcwg bgl sholk ot cut ca tdk fcepbrtekgt.
Arkkzkr Vdkha
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ;-2?) OFK LOVPKGVK^ & OFK EBMK^ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dk ofk lospkgskr os hcfbtkl og tdk uppkr pcrtocg ca tdk arkkzkr. \dos bsskenhy stcrks ofk eblk ny tdk ofkebmkr bgl lospkgsks ofk. 2. Hoat tdk ofk nufmkt up ① bgl sholk cut tdk tdk ofk
lospkgskr bsskenhy ③. ③. Ofk Lospkgskr & Ofk Ebmkr
①
③
;->0) OFK EBMK^ MO\ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc 2. ^kecvk tdk sfrkws.
>. Losfcggkft tdk ofk ebmkr work fcggkftcr.
Ofk Lospkgskr & Ofk Ebmkr
6. [ghcfm tdk hcfmogi tbns tc skpbrbtk tdk ofk ebmkr mot.
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ;->2) B[IK^ EC\C^ FBVK Pbrt gbek
Buikr Ectcr Fbsk
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dos sdkha os lksoigkl tc suppcrt tdk ofk ebmkr & ofk lospkgskl bgl Ttrb Vpbfk\E. 2. ^kecvk tdk Ttrb Vpbfk\E fcvkr tc pusd ot lcwg bgl puhh arcgt. >. Vholk tdk pbrtotocg cut. 6. ^kecvk tdk sfrkws (>) cg tdk ncttce arcgt ca tdk fbsk. <. Vholk cut tdk fbsk wdohk losfcggkftogi tdk work fcggkft.
Pbrtotocg
Vfrkws ;->>) A^KKZK^ HOID\ Pbrt gbek
Arkkzkr Hoidt
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dk arkkzkr hoidt os hcfbtkl og tdk ncttce ca tdk buikr ectcr fbsk. \dk hoidt os fcvkrkl ny bg cpbquk fcvkr. 2. ^kecvk tdk sfrkw bgl tdk hoidt fcvkr.
;->6) KQBPC^B\C^ FCQK^ OG A^KKZK^ Pbrt gbek Kvbpcrbtcr Fcvkr Og Arkkzkr
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
2. Puhh cut tdk sfrkw sfrkw fbps bgl rkecvk sfrkws sfrkws (1). >. ^kecvk tdk kvbpcrbtcr fcvkr og tdk lorkftocg ca tdk brrcw bs sdcwg
;-><) [PPK^ L[F\ Pbrt gbek
Lksfroptovk Pofturk 2. ^kecvk tdk sfrkw fbp bgl sfrkw. >. Vholk tdk uppkr abg luftwcrm cut wdohk losfcggkftogi tdk work fcggkftcr. (Hbep bgl \dkreostcr)
Buikr Ectcr Fbsk
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ;->;) KQBPC^B\C^ ABG EC\C^ Pbrt gbek
Arkkzkr Hoidt
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dk kvbpcrbtcr abg os hcfbtkl og tdk hcwkr rkbr ca rkaroikrbtcr. \dos abg forfuhbtks fchl bor og tdk rkaroikrbtcr rkaroikrbtcr.. 2. sfrkw(<) hcfbtkl bt tdk acur fcrgkrs ca tdk abg nrbfmkt. >. \bmk tdk abg ectcr bsskenhy caa.
;->1) KQBPC^B\C^ ABG EC\C^ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc Kvbpcrbtcr os hcfbtkl og tdk ncttce ca arkkzkr tc prclufk fchl bor lrovkg bfrcss tdk kvbpcrbtcr fcohs. 2. \bmk caa tdk luftwcrm og Arkkzkr. >. Losfcggkft tdk work fcggkftcr (Dkbtkr, Noekgtbh, bgl \dkreostcr). 6. Lkschlkr tdk oghkt bgl cuthkt tunks. <. ^kecvk tdk kvbpcrbtcr. ;. \bmk tdk sbek stkps tc skbh tdk systke bs ekgtocgkl kbrhokr.
Kvbpcrbtcr Og Arkkzkr
Lksfroptovk Pofturk Bffueuhbtcr
Ydkg lobsskenhogi, ebmk Fbutocg surk tdk ugot turgkl caa Noektbh
\dkreostcr
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ;->9) A^KKZK^ \DK^EOV\C^ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dk arkkzkr tdkreostcr os hcfbtkl bt tdk tcp hkat ca arkkzkr vkgt. Ot skgls tkepkrbturk soigbhs tc tdk eofrc-prcfkssc eofrc-prcfksscr. r. Arkkzkr \dkreostcr
Arkkzkr \dkreostcr
;->4) OFKEBMK^ \DK^EOV\C^ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dk Ofk-Ebmkr tdkreostcr os hcfbtkl og ots ncttce. \dk tkepkrbturk soigbh skgls tdk eofrcprcfksscr. Ofk-Ebmkr \dkreostcr
\dkreostcr(OFK-EBMK^ \dkreostcr( OFK-EBMK^))
;->?) BENOKG\ \DK^EOV\C^ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
\dk benokgt tdkreostcr os hcfbtkl ogsolk tdk uppkr dogik fcvkr. Ark ot skgls tkepkrbturk soigbhs tc tdk eofrcprcsksscr. Benokgt \dkreostcr
Benokgt \dkreostkr
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_ ;-60) EBFDOGK FCEP FCEPB^\EKG\ B^\EKG\ Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
\bmk caa tdk fcvkr fcep ny turgogi tdk koidt sfrkws fcugtkrfhcfmwosk.
Losfcggkft tdk work fcggkftcr.
^kecvk tdk bssy-suppcrt forfuot ectcr ny ughcfmogi tdk tbns bgl hoatogi ot up.
ABG EC\C^ Ogskrt tdk ahbt-top sfrkw lrovkr ogtc tdk abg, bgl rkecvogi tdk abg sprogi bhcgi tdk brrcw.
\urgogi tdk twc sfrkws fcugtkrfhcfmwosk.
^kecvk tdk ectcr.
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
;. LOVBVVKENH_ BGL ^KBVVKENH_
Pbrt gbek
Dcw \c Lc
Ogskrt tdk ahbt-top sfrkwlrovkr ogtc tdk abg, bgl rkecvogi tdk fcvkr rkhby bhcgi tdk brrcw.
P^C\KF\C^ C/H, P\F
^kecvk tdk CHP cr P\F bhcgi tdk brrcw.
^kecvk tdk CHP cr P\F bhcgi tdk brrcw.
Lksfroptovk Pofturk
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI
1-2) Oa pcwkr os gct CG
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹
1->) Oa tdk fceprksscr bgl fcchogi abg ectcr lcg‟t wcrm gcrebhhy 1-6) Oa lkarcst augftocg
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹
1-<) Oa tdkrk os b trcunhk wotd skha-lobigcsos 1-;) Oa bhbre scugl
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹
1-1) Oa tdk pbgkh PFN os gct wcrmogi gcrebhhy 1-9) Oa abg lcksg‟t wcrm
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
gcr ebhhy (^V>19HB, ^V>1?HB) 1-4) Oa FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E osg‟t cpkrbtkl gcrebhhy
1-?) Oa tdk hbeps ca arkkzkr / rkaroikrbtcr rkaroikrbtcr aboh og hoidtogi: hoidtogi: 1-20) Oa Frusdkl Ofk/Funkl Ofk lcksg‟t wcrm prcpkrhy
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
;0 ;2 ;> ;6 ;< ;1 ;9 ;4 ;? 10
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI 1-2) Oa pcwkr os gct CG Fbutocg! \c fdkfm tdk ebog PFN, phkbsk bpphy lksfroptocgs ca cpkrbtocg bgl rkakrkgfks og tdk ebgubh.
Bt tdk pcwkr ca ebog PFN, tdk 22;Q pcwkr bgl b doid-vchtbik cvkr LF 290Q cffur. Phkbsk tbmk fbrk ca ycurskha cg rkpbor bgl ekbsurkekgt. Vtbrt Os 22;Q BF ausk lcwg3
Os pcwkr 22;Q nctd tkreogbhs ca FG203
Os ausk cg ebog PFN lcwg3
Os LF 290Q oeprksskl tc nctd tkreogbhs ca NL23
_KV
GC
Fdkfm tdk kxfdbgik ca ausk bgl losfcggkftocg fbusk.
_KV
Fdkfm tdk bsskenhy bgl fcggkftocg ca khkftrof works.
GC
Kxfdbgik ausk 22;Q >B3
Fdkfm tdk PFN pbttkrg bgl rkphbfk NL2.
\cp V/Y >66_ Os tdk vchtbik oeprksskl LF ;.4Q nktwkkg F bgl V 3
GC
Os 2>Q oeprksskl tc nctd tkreogbhs ca F20>3
GC
^kphbfk PFN bsskenhy.
Os tdk hcbl sufd bs rkhby gcrebh3
- Fdkfm tdk fcggkftocgs ca ebog PFN. - Fdkfm tdk fcggkftocgs nktwkkg uppkr dogik bgl FBNO-lccr. - Fdkfm tdk fcggkftocgs nktwkkg lccr bgl pbgkh PFN.
GC
2) ^kphbfk L20< (L;V1E). >) ^kphbfk PFN bsskenhy.
^kphbfk ^KI2(MB940;) Os gcrebh tdk hcbl, sufd bs rkhby3
Os tdkrk bgy PFN schlkrogi, sdcrt cr nrcmkg3
Gcrebh
GC
GC
2) Fdkfm tdk bsskenhy b sskenhy ca khkftrof works bgl trcunhksdcct. >) ^kphbfk tdk pbgkh PFN.
GC
2) ^kphbfk tdk fcrrkspcglogi rkhby. >) Fdkfm hkbl work acr fcgtbft.
^kphbfk PFN bsskenhy.
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI 1->) Oa tdk fceprksscr bgl fcchogi abg ectcr lcg‟t wcrm gcrebhhy
Vtbrt GC Lol ; eog pbss batkr FCEP. CAA3 _KV
Lol nuzzkr scugl cg acrfkl cpkrbtocg3
(Fdkfm fkrtboghy batkr acrfkl stbrt.) GC
GC
Bpphy ^ka.<
Os EOFCE Gc.24 Doid3(;Q)
Kxfdbgik EOFCE bgl PFN. GC
_KV
Lcks fceprksscr wcrm wotd acrfkl cpkrbtocg3
Bpphy ^ka. 9
Fdkfm batkr b hbpsk ca ; eog.
Os arkkzkr skgscr gcrebh3 _KV
_KV
Os tdk tkep. skgsk ca ebog PFN Gcrebh3
Os tdk vchtbik ca OF06 pog Gc. 2< nktwkkg 0-2Q3 _KV
Kxfdbgik bgl rkpbor OF06. ([HG>406)
Cpkg bgl trcunhksdcct tdk fcggkftocg.
_KV GC
Bpphy ^ka. >
Os FCEP rkhby gcrebh3
Kxfdbgik cr trcunhksdcct FCEP rkhby.
_KV GC Os tdk fcgtbft ca fcggkftcr FG90 gcrebh3 _KV
Ogskrt fcggkftcr fcephktkhy3 GC
Os FCEP bsskenhy gcrebh3 _KV
Gcrebh
Kxfdbgik bgl rkpbor FCEP. bsskenhy.
GC
Cpkg bgl rkpbor tdk fcggkftocg. GC
\rcunhksdcct tdk skgscr bgl Kxfdbgik PFN.
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI 1-6) Oa lkarcst augftocg Vtbrt Os A, ^ lkarcstogi skgscr ny skha-lobigcsos gcrebh3
GC
Kxfdbgik bgl trcunhksdcct tdk fcrrkspcglogi skgscr.
_KV GC Os A, ^ ^cce lkarcstogi dkbtkr gcrebh3
Vkk ^ka. 6: —Fdkfm hcbl‟ og tdk ebgubh.
_KV
Os tkep. ca tdk lkarcstogi skgscr nkhcw ;3 Ebmk lkfosocg cg tdk nbsos ca rka. < bgl
GC
Fdkfm tkep. ausk, nrkbmogi ca dkbtkr work, fcgtbft ca work bgl sc cg.
^ug acrfkl cpkrbtocg acr b spkfoaokl pkrocl.
_KV
1 og tdk ebgubh.
Pkracre acrfkl lkarcstogi acr A bgl A ^cce bt b toek. Vkk tkst augftocg og tdk ebgubh.
Os pcwkr bpphokl tc tdk rkspkftovk lkarcstogi dkbtkrs3
GC
_KV GC
^kfdkfm tdk fcrrkspcglogi skgscr acr
Lcks tdk systke rkturg tc fcchogi cpkrbtocg batkr dkbtogi acr b spkfoaokl pkrocl ca toek3 _KV
bg krrcr oa ot abohs og rkturg. Gcrebh
^kakrkgfk Oa tkep. ca A, ^ lkarcstogi skgscr ny tdk wcrmogi ca dkbtkr brk cvkr ;0 ℏ ^kfdkfm tdk fcggkftocg tkreogbh og Ebog PFN _KV Fdkfm tkep. ausk, nrkbmogi ca dkbtkr work, fcgtbft ca work bgl sc cg.
Vkk —Hcbl Lrovk Forfuot skftocg‟ bgl
^ka. >: Dcw tc fdkfm abohurk ca rkhby.
Kxfdbgik cr trcunhksdcct tdk abohurk rkhby cr kxfdbgik PFN bss‟y.
GC
^kpbor tdk fcggkftocg tkreogbh.
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI 1-<) Oa tdkrk os b trcunhk wotd skha-lobigcsos - Krrcr ca skgscr fbg nk skkg cg tdk arcgt losphby ca rkaroikrbtcr. Oa pcwkr os oeprksskl tc rkaroikrbtcr aorst, bg abohurk ca skgscr os acugl. \dk rkaroikrbtcr wohh stcp wcrmogi bgl losphby(nhogm) tdk rkiocg ca trcunhk-cffurrkl skgscr rkpktotovkhy. - Kvkg oa skgscr dbs abohurk lurogi tdk cpkrbtocg, tdk rkaroikrbtcr wohh gct stcp wcrmogi nut fbg rug tdk gcrebh fcchogi cpkrbtocg nkfbusk ca nkogi cpkrbtkl og tdk Kekrikgfy Cpkrbtocg eclk. \dkrkacrk ycu‟ rk rkqukstkl tc usk dcw tc fdkfm skha-lobigcsos(bt pbik >1) og tdk ebgubh.
2) Oa tdk benokgt skgscr dbs trcunhk Vtbrt Ybs tdk Ebog ‖ PFN fcggkftcr(FG62) ogskrtkl fcrrkfthy3
GC
_KV
Vkk ^ka. < (lksfroptocgs ca
forfuot cpkrbtocg, bgl dcw tc fdkfm tkepkrbturk skgscr og tdk ebgubh.)
Os tdk benokgt tkepkrbturk skgscr gcrebh3
B nbl fcgtbft cr fcggkftcr eossogi3 GC
_KV Os tdk ogput ca vchtbik tc EOFCE pog Gc. 16 gcrebh3
Kxfdbgik tdk tkepkrbturk skgscr. GC
_KV
Fdkfm tdk ofkl schlkr bgl sdcrt ca ebog-PFN.
Gc trcunhk wotd PFN bgl tkepkrbturk skgscr. ^kfdkfm tdk fcgtbft abohurk ca fcggkftcr.
>) Oa tdk tkepkrbturk skgscr ca ^ rcce dbs trcunhk - \dk skgscr ca arkkzkr os fcggkftkl og pbrbhhkh wotd Noektbh. Vkk tdk fcgtkgts ca \kepkrbturk \kepkrbturk Vkgsogi Forfuot skftocg og tdk lksfroptocg ca forfuot cpkrbtocg. Vtbrt Vkk ^ka.< (lksfroptocgs ca
forfuot cpkrbtocg, bgl dcw tc fdkfm tkepkrbturk skgscr og tdk ebgubh.)
Os tdk ugot ca Arolik‟s tkepkrbturk skgscr gcrebh3
GC
_KV Ybs tdk Ebog ‖ PFN fcggkftcr(FG60) ogskrtkl fcrrkfthy3
Kxfdbgik tdk tkepkrbturk skgscr. GC
_KV
Os tdk skqukgfk ca GC ogskrtocg ca fcggkftcr(FG60) work olkgtofbh tc tdk forfuot lobirbe3 _KV
Acr skgscr rksostbgfk pkr
tkepkrbturk, ebmk usk ca tdk rksostbgfk vbhuks arce ^ka. < bgl ;.
Os tdk ogput vchtbik tc EOFCE pog Gc. ;? gcrebh3 _KV Gc trcunhk wotd PFN bgl tkepkrbturk skgscr. ^kfdkfm tdk fcggkftcr acr bg krrcr ca fcgtbft.
GC
\rcunhksdcct b nbl fcgtbft cr eossogi ca fcggkftcr.
Ecloay tdk wrcgi fcgaoiurbtoc fcgaoiurbtocgg ca fcggkftcr work -og fbsk ca nkogi gct ogskrtkl cr ogfcrrkfthy ogskrtkl - tc nk fcogfolkl wotd tdk forfuot lobirbe.
Fdkfm oa tdk ofkl schlkr ca ebog PFN os sdcrt.
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI 1-;) Oa bhbre scugl 2) Oa ‘Logi-Lcgi― scugls fcgtogucushy Vtbrt _ks Osg‟t tdk lccr cpkgkl eogutkhy3
Gc shoidthy Osg‟t wbtkr pkgktrbtkl ogtc tdk lccr V/Y3
GC
^kecvk fbusks batkr fceprkdkglogi tdk fcglotocgs ca ogtkrakrkgfk ny lccr ibsmkt, accl ktf.
_KV
Arkkzkr lccr EOFCE Gc. <6, Arolik lccr EOFCE Gc. << ‖ ^kiuhbr vchtbik brk ;Q tc Cpkg : 0Q tc Fhcsk.
Os tdk ogput vchtbik ca ebog Gc. <6 bgl << fdbgikl bt lccr-cpkg, lccr-fhcsk3
Kxfdbgik tdk lccr V/Y. GC
\rcunhksdcct tdk nrkbmogi ca work bgl nbl lccr V/Y.
_KV
Os tdk stbtk ca ogskrtkl fcggkftcr (FG60)nkogi gcrebh3
GC
Fcggkftcr gct ogskrtkl. \rcunhksdcct pccr fcgtbft.
_KV
Vkpbrbtk tdk lccr V/Y bgl
GC
fdkfm oa tdk ekbsurkl vbhuk ca ugot os fdbgikl arce 0 tc∗℡ bffcrlogi tc V/Y CG/CAA.
Os tdk lccr V/Y skha-ugot gcrebh3 _KV
Kxfdbgik tdk lccr V/Y.
Ebog PFN bgl lccr V/Y brk gcrebh.
>) Oa ‘Logi-Lcgi― scugls fcgtogucushy Vtbrt Lolg‟t ycu skhkft Acrfkl cpkrbtocg bgl Acrfkl Lkarcstogi3
Vkhkftkl
_KV Lc nuzzkr stohh scugl batkr pcwkr-cg bibog3
_KV
Fdkfm oa tdkrk os bgy sdcrt pbrts luk tc acrkoig ebttkrs bgl tdk tkst juepkr pbrt pbrt og tdk tdk ebog-PFN. ebog-PFN.
GC
^khkbsk tdk Acrfkl cpkrbtocg bgl Acrfkl Lkarcstogi augftocgs, cr turg CG bibog batkr pcwkr CAA.
Ebog-PFN os gcrebh
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI 6) Yotdcut scugl ca nuzzkr cpkrbtocg Vtbrt Lcks ot scugl
_KV
—Logi-Lcgi‟oa ycu prkss b nuttcg
cg arcgt pbgkh3 GC Lcks ot ebmk b scugl ca —lccr-cpkg‟ bhbre wdkg ycu brk cpkgogi tdk lccr ca arkkzkr cr arolik ecrk tdbg > eog3
Ebog PFN os gcrebh= nuzzkr gcrebh. _KV
GC Os tdk nuzzkr og tdk ebog PFN nhbfmcut cr nkgt3
_KV
GC
^kakr tdk lksfroptocg ca
\kst augftocg og tdk ebgubh acr tdk Acrfkl cpkrbtocg.
Brk soigbhs fceogi cut ca EOFCE Gc. >2 og b 2-skf fyfhk batkr tdk Acrfkl cpkrbtocg3 cpkrbtocg3
Nuzzkr os nrcmkg ‖ rkphbfk ot. GC
^kphbfk tdk ebog PFN. (abohurk ca EOFCE)
_KV
Os soigbh ca R402 Nbsk cuputtkl wotd 2 skf. ogtkrvbhs og tdk fcglotocg bncvk3
GC
_KV Lol hkbl ca b fcepcgkgt abhh cg tdk vonrbtocg phbtk ca nuzzkr3 GC \dk ebog PFN bgl nuzzkr brk gcrebh
Fdkfm tdk pbgkh PFN wotd tdk rkakrkgfk ca —dcw tc fdkfm pbgkh losphby‟.
_KV
Fdkfm tdk stbtk ca pbttkrg fcggkftocg nktwkkg EOFCE Gc.>2 bgl R402. (Fdkfm Cpkg/Vdcrt)
Pccr nuzzkr os nrcmkg lcwg cr rkphbfk tdk nuzzkr.
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI 1-1) Oa tdk pbgkh PFN os gct wcrmogi gcrebhhy 2) Ydkrk hoidtogi ca tdk pbgkh PFN os losbnhkl, cr cghy scek hbeps brk losbnhkl. Vtbrt
Vkk ^ka. 2: —Qokw ca tdk
fcggkftocg fbnogkt-lccr acr tdk work bsskenhy‟ og tdk ebgubh.
Os tdk fcggkftcr ca uppkr dogik fcvkr ogskrtkl gcrebhhy3
GC
_KV
^kogskrt tdk fcggkftcr. \rcunhksdcct b pccr fcgtbft.
Os tdk ebog PFN fcggkftcr(FG;0) ogskrtkl gcrebhhy3
GC
^kogskrt tdk fcggkftcr og tdk ebog PFN.
_KV Os tdk fcggkftcr ca lccr pbgkh PFN fcggkftcr ogskrtkl gcrebhhy3
GC
_KV Os hoidtogi cpkrbtkl gcrebhhy wdkg tdk kxfdbgik ca pbgkh PFN3
_KV
GC 2. Fdkfm tdk lccr work ca arkkzkr ‖ tdk nrkbmogi ca work, sdcrt nktwkkg nktwkkg works. >. Fdkfm tdk FBNO work ca arkkzkr ‖ tdk nrkbmogi ca work, sdcrt nktwkkg works. 6. Fdkfm tdk Pbgkh Hoidtogi Forfuot skftocg wotdog tdk ebog PFN acr Vdcrt Cpkg.
^kogskrt tdk fcggkftcr. \rcunhksdcct b pccr fcgtbft.
Pbgkh PFN otskha dbs trcunhk.
>) Ydkrk tdk Pbgkh PFN mky osg‟t skhkftkl: - \dk nbsof fdkfm wby : Oa ycu brk trcunhksdcctogi og tdk nbsof fdkfm ektdcl, tdkg _KV Os tdk hcfmogi hbep hot cg3 GC GC
Brkg‟t b mky cr ecrk nuttcgs prksskl fcgtogucushy3 _KV
Cpkrbtkl ny skpbrbtocg
Osg‟t tdk PFN systke stohh cpkrbtkl ny skpkrbtogi ca tdk ekfdbgose3 ^kakr tc tdk lksfroptocg ca
forfuot cpkrbtocg og tdk ebgubh 4-1) Mky sfbg bgl losphby Forfuot skhkftocg‟s, bgl ekbsurk tdk wbvk pbttkrg.(pbik 6;)
_KV Os hoidtogi cpkrbtkl gcrebhhy og tdk kxfdbgik ca pbgkh-PFN3
_KV
GC Os b pkroclof wbvk acre cutputtkl arce tdk ebog PFN OF?3
^kfdkfm batkr tdk fbgfkh ca hcfmogi augftocg.
^kbsskenhk tdk PFN bss‟y/Kgacrfk tdk fbgfkhhbtocg ca prksskl mkys.
^kbsskenhk tdk PFN bss‟y/Kgacrfk tdk fbgfkhhbtocg ca prksskl mkys.
Pbgkh PFN dbs trcunhk acr otskha. GC
_KV 2. Fdkfm tdk lccr work ca arkkzkr ‖ fdkfm tdk nrkbmogi ca work, sdcrt nktwkkg works. >. Fdkfm tdk FBNO work ca arkkzkr ‖ fdkfm tdk nrkbmogi ca work, sdcrt nktwkkg works. 6. Fdkfm acr Vdcrt/Cpkg ca tdk Pbgkh Hoidtogi Forfuot skftocg og tdk ebog PFN.
2. ^kphbfk tdk ebog PFN. >. Fdkfm tdk works ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk \E pbgkh acr Vdcrt.
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI 1-9) Oa abg lcksg‟t wcrm ^kakrkgfk \dk rkaroikrbtcr dbs nkkg bpphokl wotd tdk NHLF abg ectcr acr ^V>;6<, ^ rcce Abg os BF ectcr uskl. \dk NHLF
ectcr os lrovkg ny LF 4-2>Q.
[glkr tdk gcrebh fcglotocg ca FCEP CG, ot os cpkrbtkl tciktdkr wotd A-ABG ectcr. Yotd cpkrbtocg ca tdk FcchVkhkft
Zcgk\E augftocg, tdk A-Abg A-Abg ectcr wohh gct wcrm. Oa tdk lccr os cpkgkl bgl fhcskl cgfk bt b doid benokgt tkepkrbturk tkepkrbturk,, tdk NHLF ectcr wcuhl nk cpkrbtkl batkr b eogutk cr hcgikr lkhby lkhby.. \dkrkacrk, ycu‟ rk blvoskl gct tc tbmk ot acr bg krrcr. Ydkg tdk Arolik os cpkg, tdk arkkzkr abg ectcr wohh bhsc stcp wcrmogi soeuhtbgkcushy wotd tdk abg ectcr. (acr tdk purpcsk ca pkracrebgfk oeprcvkekgt). Vtbrt _KV FCEP CAA3 Acr F-ABG
Acr ^-ABG
Os tdk vchtbik nktwkkg IGL ca tdk ebog-PFN bgl pog Gc. < ca FG9> brcugl LF 4-20Q3
Acr A-Abg
Os tdk vchtbik nktwkkg IGL ca tdk ebog-PFN bgl pog Gc. < ca FG9> brcugl LF 4~22Q3
GC
Os tdk vchtbik LF ?-22Q nktwkkg IGL ca tdk ebog-PFN skftocg bgl FG9> pog Gc. 1 LF ?-22Q3
GC
Os tdk vchtbik LF 0Q nktwkkg FG60 Gc. 2 bgl Gc. > og tdk ebog-PFN LF 0Q3
_KV
_KV
Bpphy pcwkr brcugl ; eogutks batkr tdk pcwkr CAA. (Prkvkgt cvkrhcbl cg fceprksscr.)
Ekbsurk wotd tdk lccr fhcskl. - lccr cpkg: LF ;Q - lccr fhcsk : 0Q Acr ^-^BG
Lcks LF 4-20Q bhtkrgbtk wotd nkhcw LF >Q nktwkkg IGL ca tdk ebog-PFN skftocg bgl FG9> pog Gc. <3
_KV
_KV
GC
Os tdk vchtbik LF 4~22Q nktwkkg FG60 Gc. ; bgl Gc. 1 og tdk ebog-PFN skftocg3
Acr F-ABG
Kxkfutk Acrfkl cpkrbtocg. (Vkk pbik 6< og tdk ebgubh)
GC
Abg wcrms gcrebhhy. GC
\rcunhksdcct tdk fcggkftocgs ca lccr V/Y.
Og tdk aorst bpphofbtocg ca pcwkr, tdk arkkzkr/arolik/fceprksscr abgs wcrm acr ; eogutks rkibrlhkss ca tdk fcglotocg.
Acr A-ABG
Lcks LF 4~22Q bhtkrgbtk wotd nkhcw LF >Q nktwkkg IGL ca tdk ebog-PFN skftocgbgl FG9> pog Gc. ;3
GC Lcks LF ?-22Q bhtkrgbtk wotd nkhcw LF >Q nktwkkg IGL ca tdk ebog-PFN skftocg bgl FG9> pog Gc. 13
_KV
_KV
Kxfdbgik cr trcunhksdcct tdk ebog PFN.
^kakrkgfk
FG9> Gc. 6(A)‟ >(^)‟2(F) wohh ikt kgtkrkl puhsk soigbhs wdofd brk ikgkrbtkl wdkg tdk ectcr rctbtks. \dksk soigbhs wohh nk ogputtkl ogtc EOFCE. [ghkss soigbhs brk gct ogputtkl og tdk rkrug ca ectcr, ot wohh nk CG 20 skfcgls batkr tdk abg CAA. Nut Oa soigbhs brk gct stohh kgtkrkl, tdk bncvk cpkrbtocg wohh nk rkrug acur toeks ecrk. Yotdcut soigbhs kgtkrkl fcgtogucushy, tdk ectcr wohh ikt rkstbrtkl batkr 20 eogutks. \dos augftocg os kaakftovk wdkrk tdk gcrebh cpkrbtocg ca ectcr wcuhl nk rkstrbogkl luk tc acrkoig ebttkrs sufd bs ofk.
Kxpkftkl fbusks : 2. Fdkfm oa tdk abg ectcr dbs abohurk acr otskha. >. Fdkfm oa tdk work fcggkftocgs dbvk b trcunhk ca fcgtbft. 6. Fdkfm tdk ogput ca tdk abg ectcr rctbtocg puhsk og tdk cpkrbtocg ectcr abg. (Vkk tdk lktbohs ca Abg Ectcr Lrovk Forfuot skftocg bt pbik <9.)
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI 1-4) Oa FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E osg‟t cpkrbtkl gcrebhhy (^V>19HB, ^V>1?HB) 2) Oa tdk hbep ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk \E os gct hot. Vtbrt Os tdk fcggkftcr ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E ogskrtkl fcrrkfthy og tdk arolik3
GC
_KV Os tdk fcggkftcr ca ebog PFN (FG;2) ogskrtkl fcrrkfthy3
GC
_KV Os tdk fcggkftcr ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E pbgkh PFN ogskrtkl 3
Ydkrk tdk Pbgkh mky osg‟ t skhkftkl:
GC
_KV Os hoidtogi cpkrbtkl gcrebhhy wdkg tdk kxfdbgik ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk \E pbgkh PFN3
_KV
GC 2.Fdkfm tdk works ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk ‖ fdkfm tdk losfcggkftocg ca work, sdcrt nktwkkg works. >. Fdkfm tdk Hoidtogi Forfuot ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E pbgkh og tdk ebog PFN acr Vdcrt/Cpkg. 6. Fdkfm tdk ebog PFN ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E bsskenhy acr Vdcrt= tdk stbtk ca work bsskenhy nktwkkg tdk pbgkh bgl ebog PFN.
^kogskrt tdk fcggkftcr= trcunhksdcct b nbl fcgtbft.
^kogskrt tdk fcggkftcr og tdk ebog PFN.
^kogskrt tdk fcggkftcr= trcunhksdcct b nbl fcgtbft.
Pbgkh PFN dbs trcunhk acr otskha.
\E
>) Ydkrk tdk Pbgkh PFN mky osg‟t skhkftkl: - \dk nbsof ektdcl os bpphokl tc fdkfm ‖ oa ycu aboh og trcunhksdcctogi batkr bncvk tdk kxkfutocg, kxkfutocg, tdkg
Brkg‟t b mky cr ecrk prksskl fcgtogucushy3
GC
^kbsskenhk tdk PFN bss‟y/Kgacrfk tdk fbgfkhhbtocg ca prksskl mkys
_KV Osg‟t tdk PFN systke stohh cpkrbtkl ny skpbrbtocg3
GC
_KV Os hoidtogi cpkrbtkl gcrebhhy batkr tdk kxfdbgik ca pbgkh-PFN3
_KV
GC
^kakr tc 4-9) FcchVkhkft Zcgk \E,
Pbgkh Forfuot bgl ekbsurk tdk wbvk acre.
Os b pkroclofbh wbvk acre cutputtkl arce tdk ebog PFN OF?3
^kbsskenhk tdk PFN bsswenhy bgl Kgacrfk tdk fbgfkhhbtocg ca prksskl mkys
Pbgkh PFN dbs trcunhk acr otskha. GC
_KV
2. Fdkfm tdk works ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk \E ‖ fdkfm tdk losfcggkftocg ca work, sdcrt nktwkkg works. >. Fdkfm Vdcrt/Cpkg tdk Hoidtogi Forfuot skftocg ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk \E pbgkh og tdk ebog PFN arce. 6. Fdkfm tdk ogsolk ebog PFN ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk\E bss‟y acr Vdcrt= tdk stbtk ca work bsskenhy nktwkkg ebog PFN.
2. ^kphbfk tdk ebog PFN. >. Fdkfm tdk works ca FcchVkhkft Zcgk \E pbgkh acr Vdcrt.
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI 1-?) Oa tdk hbeps ca arkkzkr / rkaroikrbtcr aboh og hoidtogi
Fbutocg!
2. Ydkg ycu brk kxfdbgiogi tdk hbep ca arkkzkr, phkbsk kxfdbgik cr trcunhksdcct ot wotd tdk pcwkr CAA tc bvcol bg khkftrof sdcfm. >. Phkbsk mkkp og eogl ycu lc gct ikt nurgt ny tdk kxfkssovk dkbtogi ca bg ogfbglksfkgt hoidt nuhn.
Vtbrt _KV Os tdk ogsolk hbep‟s aohbekgt fut3 Dcw tc fdkfm :
Vkpbrbtk tdk lccr V/Y bgl ekbsurk ots rksostbgfk wotd b ekbsurk. Bs tdk rksuht, kvkry Cpkg/Fhcsk ca tdk lccr V/Y sdcuhl turg 0/ , rkspkftovkhy. 2) Ydkrk 0 bhcgk fceks cut : Lccr V/Y dbs Vdcrt trcunhk. >) Ydkrk bhcgk fceks cut : Lccr V/Y dbs Cpkg trcunhk.
Kxfdbgik cr trcunhksdcct tdk ogsolk hbep.
GC Lcks tdk A bgl ^-lccr V/Y dbvk b gcrebh fcgtbft3
GC
∗
∗
_KV
Kxfdbgik cr trcunhksdcct tdk lccr V/Y
Fdkfm tdk fcggkftocgs ca A bgl ^-lccr V/Y= fdkfm bgl trcunhksdcct tdk ogsolk hbep scfmkt.
^kakrkgfk
Oa tdk lccr os cpkgkl, tdkg tdk fcgtbft ca lccr V/Y os cpkgkl bgl EOFCE ikts bpphokl ;Q tc aogbhhy skgsk Cpkg. Oa ;Q dbs nkkg skgskl cvkr twc eogutks batkrwbrls, tdkg bg Lccr-Cpkg bhbre wohh scugl —Logi-Lcgi‟ acr 20 skfcgls og b eogutk fyfhk. Acr tdbt rkbscg, oa tdk lccr V/Y dbs abohurk, tdk rkaroikrbtcr fbg ebmk b ‘Logi-Lcgi― scugl pkr b eogutk fyfhk. Phkbsk gctk stkp acr ots skrvofk!
1. \^C[NHKVDCC\OGI 1-20) Oa Frusdkl Ofk/Funkl Ofk/Funkl Ofk lcksg‟t wcrm prcpkrhy prcpkrhy \dk fcglotocg ca fhcsk cg cpkrbtocg os sunjkftkl tdk arkkzkr lccr.
Vtbrt
GC
Os ofk kjkftkl3 _KV
Lcks ofk og tdk ofk trby kxost 3
GC
_KV
2) Fdkfm tdk ofk-kjkftcr V/Y. >) Fdkfm tdk lccr V/Y. 6) Fdkfm tdk ofk ecvogi ectcr. <) Fdkfm tdk fut ca work og tdk Ofk ecvogi Ectcr skftocg.
Lc ycu skk Ofk Vtcp cg tdk loiotbh pbgkh3 _KV
2) Fdkfm tdk wbtkr dcsk acr achlogi cr abstkgogi. >) Fdkfm tdk ofk-wbtkr-wby bgl schkgcol vbhuk 6) Fdkfm tdk works ca ofk-ebmkr.
Fbgfkh Ofk Vtcp, skhkft funkl/frusdkl ofk. Frusdkl ofk
Ydbt‟s ycur skhkftocg nktwkkg frusdkl bgl funkl3 funkl ofk
_KV
Os tdk Frusdkl ofk kxtrbftkl suaaofokgthy3 Os tdk funk ofk kjkftkl suaaofokgthy3
Gcrebh cpkrbtocg
GC
GC
Lcks EOFCE Gc. >; turg ;Q oa prkssogi Ofk V/Y3 _KV
Abohurk ca Ebog PFN dbs. ‖Kxfdbgik ot. GC
Lcks OF6 Gc. 24 turg 0Q oa prkssogi Ofk V/Y3
Ekbsurk nctd fcgtbft tkreogbhs ca ^_99 batkr tdk skpbrbtocg ca FG90, FG92 fcggkftcrs.
_KV
Gcrebh cpkrbtocg
GC
_KV
Lcks EOFCE Gc. >; turg ;Q oa prkssogi Ofk V/Y3
Abohurk ca Ebog PFN bgl kxfdbgik ot.
GC Lcks tdk vchtbik ca OF6 Gc. 24 turg 0Q kvkg og tdk ofk V/Y CAA3
Ekbsurk nctd tkreogbhs ca ^_99 fcgtbft batkr tdk skpbrbtocg ca FG90, FG92 fcggkftcrs. Lcks tdk fcgtbft sdkha ca ^_99 rkhby turg 0℡ kvkg og tdk pcwkr CAA3
GC
Kxfdbgik ca Ebog PFN(^_99 rkhby).
Ebog PFN os gcrebh cpkrbtkl. - - - Gkfkssbry tc fdkfm ctdkr skftocgs. 2) Fdkfm tdk work nktwkkg tkreogbhs ca tdk B[IK^ ectcr bgl ebog PFN. >) Abohurk ca funk schkgcol acr otskha, cr nbl fcgtbft ca tdk fcggkftcr.
_KV
Abohurk ca Ebog PFN(OF6) bgl kxfdbgik ot.
GC
Ebog PFN(OF6) dbs abohurk ‖ kxfdbgik ot.
Lcks tdk fcgtbft sdkha ca ^_99 rkhby turg 0℡oa prkssogi OFK V/Y3 _KV
Funkl ofk kxtrbftkl
GC
GC
Ebog PFN os gcrebh. - - - Fdkfm ctdkr skftocgs. 2) Fdkfm tdk work nktwkkg tdk B[IK^ ectcr bgl ebog PFN.
_KV
Abohurk ca Ebog PFN ‖ kxfdbgik. (\dk fcgtbft tkreogbh ca ^_99 rkhby sdcrt abohurk.)
9 . KTPHCLKL QOKY& PB^\V HOV\
9-2) Arkkzkr
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
9->) ^karoikrbtcr 9-6) Fbnogkt
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
9-<) Losbsskenhy ca Arkkzk Lccr
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
9-;) Losbsskenhy Losbsskenhy ca ^karoikrbtcr Lccr 9-1) Ctdkrr
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹ ¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹
16 11 1? 9> 9; 99
