Rules for Organic Chemical Conversions

Chemistry City College

Oxidation

1

O K₂Cr₂O₇

CH₃ - CH₂ - OH + [O]

CH₃ - C – H + H₂O H₂O

H₂SO₄

Ethanol

Ethanal

Oxidation

2

O

CH₃ - CH – CH₃ + [O]

K₂Cr₂O₇

CH₃ - C – CH₃ CH₃ + H₂O H₂O

H₂SO₄

OH 2-Propanol

Propanone

Reduction

3

O Pd,Ptt or Ni CH₃ - OH H- C – H + H₂ Pd,P Formaldehyde

 

Methanol

Reduction

4

O

Pd,Ptt or Ni Ni CH₃ - CH – CH₃ CH₃ - C – CH₃ + H₂ Pd,P Propanone

 

OH

2-Propanol

5

H

CH₃-CH₂ᵟ⁻ -Mgᵟ⁺-Brᵟ⁻

Cᵟ⁺

+ H

Ether

CH₃-CH₂

Br

H

H H

Oᵟ⁻

Cᵟ⁺

O⁻Mg⁺Br

H₃O⁺

H

CH₃-CH₂

C

OH + Mg

1-Propanol

OH

6

H

CH₃-CH₂ᵟ⁻ -Mgᵟ⁺-Brᵟ⁻

Cᵟ⁺

+

Oᵟ⁻

CH₃

Ether

Br

H

H

CH₃

Cᵟ⁺

O⁻Mg⁺Br

H₃O⁺

CH₃

OH + Mg

C

CH₃-CH₂

CH₃-CH₂

OH

7

CH₃ CH₃-CH₂ᵟ⁻ -Mgᵟ⁺-Brᵟ⁻ Ether

CH₃ CH₃

Cᵟ⁺

O⁻Mg⁺Br

Cᵟ⁺

+

Oᵟ⁻

CH₃ CH₃ H₃O⁺

CH₃

Br OH + Mg

C

CH₃-CH₂

CH₃-CH₂

OH

8

CH₃-CH₂ᵟ⁻ -Mgᵟ⁺-Brᵟ⁻

+ Oᵟ⁻

Cᵟ⁺

O

Ether

O

C

O⁻Mg⁺Br

Br

H₃O⁺

O

C

CH₂

CH₂

CH₃

CH₃

OH + Mg OH

9

CH₃-CH₂ᵟ⁻ -Mgᵟ⁺-Brᵟ⁻

CH₂ᵟ⁺

+

CH₂ᵟ⁺

O

Ether

CH₃-CH₂- CH₂- CH₂- O⁻Mg⁺Br Br

H₃O⁺

CH₃-CH₂- CH₂- CH₂- OH + Mg OH 10

CH₃-CH₂ᵟ⁻ - Mgᵟ⁺-Brᵟ⁻

+

Ether

CH₃-CH₂ᵟ⁺- Oᵟ⁻-Hᵟ⁺ Br

CH₃-CH₃ + Mg OCH₂CH₃ 11

CH₃-CH₂ᵟ⁻ - Mgᵟ⁺-Brᵟ⁻

+ Hᵟ⁺ - Oᵟ⁻- H

Ether

Br

CH₃-CH₃ + Mg OH 12

CH₃ - CH₂ - Cl + KOH KOH(aq.)

CH₃ - CH₂ -OH + KCl

13

KOH(alc.) CH₃ - CH₂ - Cl + KOH

CH₂ = CH₂ +H₂O + KCl

14

CH₃-CH₂-Cl+2Na+Cl- CH₂-CH₃

Ether

CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂+2NaCl

Reactions of the rules#5,6,7,8,9 as mentioned on previous pages. 15

O

CH₃ - CH₂ - C - O⁻Na⁺ + NaOH

H₃C - CH₃ + Na₂CO₃ O 2 H- C – H

CH₂ = CH₂ + O₃

•

Addition reactions of

•

Substitution reactions of

•

and reactions.

are called

are called reactions.

Addition reactions of

and

are called

reactions. •

Substitution reactions of

are called reactions.