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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
Cosmetics and styling often involve a large amount of science. Whether it is producing safe makeup or coming co ming up u p with effective shampoos and an d moisturizers, science is everywhere. Hair straightening is one such technique that relies heavily on the basic scientific properties of hair (aidaya, (aidaya, !""#$.
Hair is made up of a protein known as keratin. %eratin is composed of long chains of amino acids. &long with hair, nails and teeth enamel are also made up of keratin. Hair, nail nails, s, and and teet teeth h have have one one impo import rtan antt fact factor or in comm common on ' they they are are all all stro strong ng.. t is e)tremely difficult to break a strand of hair apart without a pair of scissors. *o amount of twisting, pulling, rubbing, or even hammering can do anything to hair.
+he strength of hair can be attributed to a special property unique to proteins like keratin, which are made up of a large number of sulfurcontaining amino acids. -ulfur atoms, from adacent chains of keratin, bond together to form disulphide bonds. +hese e)tra bonds make the fibers that have keratin very strong. n addition, they ensure that the position of the keratin molecules remains fi)ed, such that the shape of the hair fiber stays the same.
*aturally, this is a good property since hair ' especially long hair ' is normally subected to a large amount of stress, and one would not want hair breaking or changing its shape because of this everyday wear and tear. However, when people do want to
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change the shape of their hair ' get rid of curls, add curls, make it wavy, make it straight ' these disulphide bonds pose a great problem. /ost hairstraightening techniques, therefore, target these bonds. &n easy method of breaking these bonds is using heat. +his brings us to what is probably the most common technique for straightening hair ' the flat iron.
When hair is passed through the iron quickly, while being held tight and straight, the e)treme heat causes the disulphide bonds to break. +his breakage allows the keratin chains to move around slightly and assume a position that results in straightened hair. When the hair cools down, the disulphide bonds between the keratin are reformed. 0ecause the keratin molecules are in different positions when the bonds are reformed, the hair stays in the straightened shape for a long period of time. &s most people who use flat irons know, this method of straightening hair is not permanent.
1)pos 1)posur uree to mois moistu ture re cause causess the the hair hair to reve revert rt back back to its its orig origin inal al shap shape. e. 2ermanent hair straightening techniques use harsher methods, with chemicals, to break the disulphide bonds and reform them. +he disulphide bonds cannot be broken apart by o)idizing agents, which are acids, but can be broken apart by strong reducing agents, which are bases. &lkaline solutions, therefore, are applied to hair to break apart the disulphide bonds. +he hair is then held straight and acidic solutions are applied to it.
+he acid neutralizes the base, stopping the disulphide bond cleavage reaction and allowing the disulphide bonds to reform in new positions. <hough all chemical hair straightening techniques have this same basis, each has a slightly different mode of action on the hair. &lkaline hydro)ides are the harshest and most rapid agents for breaking the
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disulphide bonds3 usually, either sodium hydro)ide or calcium hydro)ide is used for this purpose. &long with breaking the disulphide bonds, these solutions also cause the hair to swell. -ince they are so harsh, these chemicals should not be left in the hair for more than 4" minutes, as they can cause severe damage to the hair and scalp if not used properly. Hair is usually treated with a cream to protect it from the caustic effects of these chemicals before applying the alkaline hydro)ides. +horoughly washing off the solutions allows the reaction to stop and the disulphide bonds to reform, sealing the hair in its new, straightened position.
-olutions containing thioglycolate are safer to use. +hioglycolate has a rather unpleasant odor, but since it is much less harsh than alkaline hydro)ides, it is a more popular method for hair straightening. +hioglycolate contains a thiol (-H$ group, and dissociation of the hydrogen atom from the sulfur creates a thiolate (-$ ion. +hiolate ions are good reducing agents and help break the disulphide bonds. +his method generally takes much longer than alkaline hydro)ides. &lso, a strong o)idizing agent, such as hydrogen pero)ide, has to be applied after thioglycolate treatment in order to stop the reaction and help the bonds reform.
¬her method is the use of bisulphatecontaining solutions. +hese, too, can act as reducing agents. +hey work slightly better than thioglycolates and are safer than alkaline hydro)ides. <hough chemical hair straightening techniques are popular, scientists are now trying to come up with a way to attack this issue from its roots.
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Background of the Study
Hair straightening is a hair styling technique used since the 45#"s involving the flattening and straightening of hair in order to give it a smooth, streamlined, and 6sleek6 appearance. t became very popular during the 4#7"s among black males and females of all races. t is accomplished using a hair iron or hot comb, chemical rela)ers, 8apanese hair straightening, 0razilian hair straightening, or roller set9 blow dryer styling. n addition, some shampoos, conditioners, and hair gels can help to make hair temporarily straight (Wikipedia, !"4:$.
-ilky, shiny and straight hair is nowadays every woman;s dream.
However, only few are blessed with naturally straight hair while others turn to chemical hair straightening methods, flat irons, and hair straightening creams to get rid of curly hair. +hese hair straightening services and products offered at salon, give you instant results which may last for over a 4 or ! years, but later it may give rise to various hair problems that include hair loss, hair graying, scalp infection and other hair problems (-nigdha,!"4=$.
t is stated on !"4> in the http?99homeremedyshop.com94:homeremediesfor perfecthairstraightening9 that? @+here are some ingredients in your kitchen, which can straighten your hair, naturally and permanently. *atural remedies cause no damage to
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your hair. Aou can have shiny, healthy and straight hair at home without spending a huge amount of money from your pocketB. +here is a natural way to straighten your hair at home without using heat and chemical hair straightening products. t is a natural homemade hair straightening cream using coconut milk and lemon uice. With this hair straightening treatment, you get smooth, sleek and straight hair in ust >" minutes. +his straightening cream is safe for all hair types and helps your hair stay straight and smooth for over a week.
Statement of the Problem
+his study investigated the effectiveness of the coconut milk with a mi)ture of lemon uice and cornstarch as natural straightening hair mask9 cream. -pecifically, this study sought to answer the following questions?
4. How to prepare the natural straightening hair mask9 cream with coconut milk, lemon uice and cornstarch as the ingredients
!. Will the natural straightening hair mask9 cream be effective
>. f it effects, for how long the effectiveness last
Hypothe!
Coconut milk with a mi)ture of lemon uice and cornstarch as natural straightening hair mask9 cream is effective.
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S!gn!f!cance of the Study
+his investigation may be able to address economic, environmental and health issues. Hair straightening process in the salon uses harmful chemicals and synthetic products that could be harmful to our health and to our environment as well. t is also e)pensive to undergo such process.
Dn the other hand, a natural straightening hair masks9 cream can be produced out from materials in the kitchen. Coconut milk is best known ingredient for the hair care. +o break the bonds of the hair, cornstarch can be used as natural base and lemon uice is utilized as the natural acid to neutralize the base, stopping the disulphide bond cleavage reaction and allowing the disulphide bonds to reform in new positions.
With these natural ingredients anyone can have more manageable, less frizzy, thick, silky, shinny, and straight hair at lower cost and not harmful.
Scope and "!m!tat!on
+he focus of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the effectiveness of the coconut milk with a mi)ture of lemon uice and cornstarch as natural straightening hair mask9 cream. nvestigating the effectiveness of this will be described by observation of the hair before the application and after the application natural straightening hair mask9
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cream. +he study is performed once on -eptember 4!, !"4:. +he data used in the research is gathered through direct observation and by research.
Chapter II R#$I#% O& R#"'T#D "IT#R'TUR#
%hat ! coconut m!lk(
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Coconut milk, a liquid that comes from the grated meat of a mature coconut, is not coconut water . +he color and rich taste of coconut milk are attributed to its high oil content, most of which is saturated fat. Coconut milk is a popular food ingredient used in -outheast &sia, the Caribbean and northern -outh &merica (Wikipedia, !"4:$. +here are different grades of coconut milk depending upon its thickness. +hick milk contains about !" to !!E of fat whereas thin milk has 7 to FE of fat levels. /ost of this fat is saturated fat. +hick milk is used in desserts and dry sauces whereas thin milk is used in soups and general cooking. +his milk is rich in vitamins C, 1, 04, 0>, 07 and 0: as well as iron, selenium, calcium, iron, magnesium and phosphorus. +hus, this sweet creamy liquid can be a part of a healthy diet and is a great option for those who are allergic to animal milk.
Coconut )!lk Nutr!t!on &act
n addition to providing nutrients and its awesome taste, coconut milk contains beneficial fat called lauric acid, a mediumchain fatty acid that;s easily absorbed and used by the body for energy. Coconuts; fatty acids are primarily saturated fats, but don;t think these will raise your choleterol levels and cause heart damage. nstead, they;re known to actually do the opposite ' coconut milk can help you lower cholesterol levels, improve blood preure , and prevent heart attacks or a stroke.
-ince real, fullfat coconut milk is high in calories, it;s better to have a smaller serving than you would of regular milk or coconut *ater . &bout 49=G49! cup at once is best, either as part of recipes (for e)ample as @coconut whipped creamB$ or on its own combined with other flavors (such as in a smoothie$.
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ullfat coconut milk contains all of its natural fatty acids, while @lightB coconut milks are strained to remove some of the fat, which creates a thinner, lowercalorie milk. 0ecause coconut milk is completely free from da!ry, lactose, oy, nuts or grains, it;s a good option for anyone allergic to dairy and nut or grainbased milks, plus it;s vegan and good for plantbased eaters.
& quarter cup of coconut milk (fullfat9not skimmed or light milk$ has about?
•
4>5 calories
•
4.7 grams prote!n
•
! grams sugar
•
4= grams fat
•
.77 milligrams manganee (!F percent I$
•
.47 milligrams copper (5 percent I$
•
:" milligrams phophoru (: percent I$
•
!! milligrams magne!um (7.7 percent I$
•
>.# milligrams !ron (7.7 percent I$
•
47F milligrams potassium (=.7 percent I$
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Health Benef!t of Coconut )!lk +, Impro-e Heart Health by "o*er!ng Blood Preure and Choleterol
Coconuts are one of the best sources of lauric acid ' 7" percent of the fat in coconuts is lauric acid, which has ant!bacter!al and antiviral activities. &ccording to many studies, lauric acid is a protective type of fatty acid linked with improved cholesterol levels and heart health .
0ecause coconuts contain minerals important for circulation and controlling blood flow, coconut milk is also useful for lowering blood preure and keeping blood vessels fle)ible, elastic and free from plaque buildup. or e)ample, magne!um may help combat tre and mucle ten!on while aiding in circulation and keeping muscles rela)ed, important for preventing heart attacks.
., Bu!ld )ucle and Help "oe &at
-tudies find that mediumchain triglycerides (/C+$ fatty acids found in coconut milk increase energy e)penditure and help enhance physical performance. ollowing e)ercise, mucle also need plenty of nutrients ' including electrolytes like magnesium and potassium that are found in coconut milk ' to repair broken down tissue and grow back even stronger.
0ecause coconut milk is high in healthy fats, it also helps fill you up and prevent overeating or snacking throughout the day, which derail your efforts to improve your body composition.
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/, Pro-!de #lectrolyte and Pre-ent &at!gue
<hough coconut water is a higher source of electrolytes, coconut milk also provides important minerals needed to maintain blood volume, regulate heart health, and prevent dehydrat!on or d!arrhea . 1specially in very hot weather, following e)ercise or after being sick, electrolytes help prevent e)haustion, heat strokes, heart problems, mucle ache or cramps, and low immunity.
Coconut milk also contains the types of /C+s that are easily used by your brain for energy, without even needing to be processed through your digestive tract with bile acids like some other fats. Coconut milk;s calories provide a quick and efficient source of healthy calories for the bra!n, which is actually primarily made up of fat and relies on a steady stream of it to function.
0, Help "oe %e!ght
&ccording to a study done by the -chool of Iietetics and Human *utrition at /c
&s a food high in /C+s, coconut milk is a very filling, fat1burn!ng food. ats provide the feeling of being full and satisfied and can help prevent overeating, snacking, food cravings and potentially weight gain.
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Coconut milk is also hydrating and helps the digestive organs, like the liver and kidneys, function properly, which helps metabolize fat and remove waste from the body.
7. mproves Iigestion and Kelieves Constipation
& wellhydrated digestive tract is important for preventing or treating cont!pat!on . (=$ Coconut milk nourishes the digestive lining due to its electrolytes and
healthy fats, improving gut health and preventing conditions like IBS.
2, )anage Blood Sugar and Control D!abete
+he fat content of coconut milk can help slow the rate at which sugar is released into the bloodstream, better controlling insulin levels and preventing a @sugar highB or worse, conditions like d!abete . +his is one reason why coconut milk is especially good to add to sweetened recipes, like desserts. Coconut milk;s /C+s are also a preferred source of energy for the body rather than sugar.
3, Help Pre-ent 'nem!a
<hough the iron content of coconut milk isn;t very high, it still provides a good source of plantbased iron that can contribute to a diet sufficient at preventing anem!a .
4, Pre-ent 5o!nt Inflammat!on and 'rthr!t!
Coconut milk;s /C+s can help lower !nflammat!on , which is associated with painful conditions like arthr!t! and general 6o!nt or mucle ache and pa!n . Coconut milk in place of refined sugar especially is helpful for people with arthritis (or other
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autoimmune conditions$ because sugar is a proinflammatory and linked to low immunity, worsened pain and swelling.
7, Pre-ent Ulcer
¬her benefit of coconut milk nutrition that may surprise you Kesearchers found that coconut milk can help reduce the occurrence of ulcer even better than coconut water. When rats with ulcers were given coconut milk, they e)perienced a reduction in the size of ulcers of about 7: percent. +he study found that coconut milk had protective effects on the ulcerated gastric mucus that ca n lead to painful ulcers.
Ho* to ue coconut m!lk for ha!r care(
8ust like coconut oil, coconut milk can benefit your hair in many ways. t is often used in hair masks and fills up your hair with proteins. +hus, it offers the following benefits for your hair.
+, Nour!he the Ha!r8
&pplying coconut milk on your scalp gives a cooling sensation. t nourishes your hair by giving natural moisture from roots to ends. Aou can apply some fresh homemade coconut milk and massage for three to five minutes. Leave it for !" minutes and shampoo your hair as usual. +his will boost the hair follicles and stimulate hair growth. +his is
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particularly beneficial for restoring dry, damaged, weakened and brittle hair as well as split ends.
., Pre-ent Bald!ng8
Coconut milk used with some other organic compounds can be e)tremely beneficial for hair growth. or this purpose, you can mi) around 7" ml of coconut milk with 4"" ml of plain water and add a few tablespoons of camphor solution to the mi)ture. +his mi) is quite helpful for people with balding problems. /assage you scalp including the bald spots with this mi)ture and leave it for a couple of hours. Kinse off with warm water and placing a towel on your head, allow it to disappear naturally instead if rubbing your hair dry.
/, Ha!r Detangler8
Coconut milk acts as a natural detangler for your hair. &ll you need to do is rub some coconut milk while combing your hair on the tangles and comb right through it.
0, 9reat Cond!t!oner8
Coconut milk is a great organic hair conditioner to provide you with longer and thicker hair. Aou can take equal amounts of coconut milk and shampoo in your hands and rinse your hair as usual. Aou can also use it as a leave in conditioner which gives added volume to your hair without making them greasy. +ake a small amount of coconut milk on your palm and rub your hands together. 0end forward such that your hair is flowing
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towards the floor and rub the coconut milk on your hair from roots to ends including the underside of your hair at the nape of your neck.
:, "!ce Pre-ent!on ; "!ce Treatment
Dne of the best uses of coconut o!l for ha!r is in the treatment and prevention of liceM &ccording to a study published in the European Journal of Pediatrics, combination of coconut o!l and an!e pray ! more effect!-e< than the commonly used prescription lice treatment permethrin.
n fact, in the controlled study, the coconut oil based spray was 4.= ucceful and the permethrin was only =!E successful, and >> of the 7" participants
reported scalp irritation when following the conventional treatment.
¬her study published in the Israel Medical Association Journal found greater success, although they added ylang ylang oil to the coconut oil and anise oil combination. +he treatment was successful in #!.>E of children and caused no serious side effects. 0ecause coconut oil penetrates the hair shaft, and the scalp, it helps to repel lice and can keep their eggs from attaching to the hair. With the addition of essential oils including ylang ylang, tea tree, and anise, lice don;t have a chance.
"emon 5u!ce and Ha!r
t is stated in the article in http?99olwomen.com94!amazingbenefitsofusing lemonuiceinhair9 that lemon is indisputably one of the most commonly used fruits of
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the citrus family. +his remarkable fru!t ha h!gh content of $!tam!n C and also encloses olic &cid, itamin 0 and minerals like phosphorus, magnesium and calcium within it. t provides numerous medical and beauty benefits apart from its usage in culinary.
n
https?99www.quora.com9slemonuicegoodforthehair , the
benefits of hair from lemon are enumerated?
4. -calp 1)foliation !. *atural Hair -traightening >. +reatment Df Iandruff =. +reating Dily -calp 7. +reating tchy -calp :. or Hair
Corntarch and Ha!r
following
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n http?99www.remediesandherbs.com9>"amazingusesofcornstarch9, is stated that you can use cornstarch as a dry shampoo. When you are in a hurry and cannot wash hair, you should apply cornstarch on the scalp. Leave it for some time and brush the hair. +he e)cess oil will be absorbed by cornstarch and the hair becomes fresh.
&ccording to Chemisches Laboratorium Ir. %urt Kichter
in his study on mproving Hair 2roperties with Corn -tarch and 0eet 1)tract3 “t conditions hair, makes it more elastic, and protects hair against heat and color fade. urther, its natural source broadens the possibilities available to cosmetic chemists for the development of effective natural hair care formulations.B
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Chapter III R#S#'RCH )#THODO"O9>
De!gn of the Study
$ar!able •
ndependent variables9manipulated variable 4. > tbsp cornstarch !. > tbsp lemon uice >. > tbsp 0aby oil =. 4 cup of coconut milk
)ethod of Reearch
+he researchers will utilize a descriptive method of research which qualitative observations are gathered and collected based on the result of the e)perimentation.
)ater!al Ued
4. bowls9 container
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!. -trainer >. heater
Procedure Ho* to )ake Ha!r Stra!ghten!ng Cream 't Home
+,
!. 2repare the desired amount of each ingredient.
> tbsp cornstarch > tbsp 0aby oil
> tbsp lemon uice 4 cup of coconut milk
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/, /i) the cornstarch and lemon uice until well combined and the mi)ture has
no lumps.
0, /i) the coconut milk with the olive oil then add the cornstarch mi)ture and
stir continuously on a medium heat until you have a creamy consistency.
D!rect!on on Ho* to 'pply
4. 0efore you apply this straightening cream, make sure your hair is clean and dry.
!. 2roperly comb your hair to remove any tangles or knots.
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>. *ow divide your hair into small sections and with the help of a brush apply this homemade hair straightening cream to each section. -tart from the roots of your hair and then gradually work through to the ends of your hair.
7. Leave for >" minutes to ! hrs and then rinse with cold water. Io not shampoo your hair. &pply only conditioner. Let your hair hang straight down while applying the conditioner. &llow the conditioner to sit for 7 minutes and then rinse with cool water.
:. Io not blow dry or towel dry your hair. &fter you have completed with your hair bath, gently comb your hair straight down and leave to dry naturally.
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Chapter I$ R#SU"T 'ND DISCUSSION
&. Kesult
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0efore the &pplication
&fter the &pplication
0. Iiscussion 0efore the application of the natural straightening hair mask, the hair is dry, coarse and frizzy. 0ased on the literature, coconut milk, lemon uice and cornstarch have different vitamins and minerals that have positive effects on the hair. +hese substances work best when combines, thus producing a silky, shinny, straight hair.
Chapter $ SU))'R>< CONC"USION 'ND R#CO))#ND'TION
+his chapter presents the summary of findings3 the conclusions made and the recommendations offered.
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Summary
+his investigation was conducted in 2oblacion , +ubod, Lano del *orte. -everal substances were used as independent variables of the study3 > tbsp cornstarch, > tbsp lemon uice,
> tbsp 0aby oil and
4 cup of coconut milk. t utilized a qualitative
method of getting the result, the observation.
+his study investigated the effectiveness of the coconut milk with a mi)ture of lemon uice and cornstarch as natural straightening hair mask9 cream. t aims to find out the appropriate answers to the following questions? 4. How to prepare the natural straightening hair mask9 cream with coconut milk, lemon uice and cornstarch as the ingredients
!. Will the natural straightening hair mask9 cream be effective
>. f it
effects, for how long the effectiveness last
Dbservation on the hair of the respondent before the application and after the application was done to compare the hair te)ture.
Conclu!on
0ased on the gathered data, Lemon uice and coconut milk are great ingredients for straightening your hair naturally. f mi)ed with lemon uice, coconut milk will work as a cream conditioner and help to straighten the hair. &ll you have got to do is mi) coconut milk and lemon uice and apply the cream. +hrough this study, anyone can straighten their hair with fewer problems in the pocket because the substances used were easily and can be found in the kitchen.
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Recommendat!on
0ased on the conclusions made, the following recommendations are given? that a more be made by the future researchers to determine what other natural ingredients will be utilized to make a natural straightening hair mask, and after applying hair straightening cream, do not wash your hair with shampoo for a week. &void styling gels or cream for a week. Aou can use this hair straightening cream two or three times in a week to get naturally straight, super shiny and smooth hair. t is 4""E natural and also works as an effective homemade hair smoothing condition.
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BIB"IO9R'PH> Internet
Wikipedia (!"4:$ Hair -traightening. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/air!straightening "# $eptem%er &#"' . Wikipedia (!"4:$ Coconut /ilk. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(oconut!milk "# $eptem%er &#"' http://homeremed)shop.com/"'*home*remedies*for*perfect*hair*straightening/
Snigdha, S. (2014) How to Make Hair Straightening Crea at Hoe. http://www.thebeautymadness.com/how-to-make-hair-straighteningcream-at-home/ http://www.thesimplecare.com/homemade*hair*straightener*treatment/
http://www.homeremediescare.com/20-natural-home-remedies-forstraight-hair-that-work-wonders/ !aid"a, #. (2009) How $hing% &ork' Hair%traightening https://thetartan.org/2009/11/9/scitech/howthingswork 8ackson, %. C. (!"47$ Coconut /ilkl 0enefits http://www.%ustle.com/articles/+,'-+*coconut*milk*%enefits*hair*skin*so*whip*up*these* *recipes*as*)our*net*natural
https://%eaut)healthtips.in/coconut*milk*hair*care/
Saa (2016), 15 Signi*+ant ene*t% - Co+on/t Mik or Skin #nd Heath http://www.stylecraze.com/articles/benets-of-coconut-milk-forskin-hair-and-health/ https?99dra)e.com9coconutoilforhair9
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Kele &-, /ohile K0., (!"">$ 1ffect of mineral oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil on prevention of hair damage. http://www.nc%i.nlm.nih.gov/pu%med/"&+"#,0
12 #aing ene*t% - %ing eon /i+e n Hair http://olwomen.com/12-amazing-benets-of-using-lemon-!uice-in-hair/ https://www."uora.com/#s-lemon-!uice-good-for-the-hair http://www.health)foodhouse.com/permanent*hair*straightening*with*coconut*milk*and* lemon*1uice/ http://steptohealth.com/masks*straighten*hair*naturall)/
https://authoritynutrition.com/foods/lemons/$emons 101: %utrition &acts and 'ealth (enets Saa", . (2016) eon%' Heath ene*t% /trition a+t% http://www.livescience.com/0&2&*lemon*nutrition.html
i+hter, :. ;H, (2013) ro
