Security Camera Guide

Securi Sec urity ty Cam Camer era a Qui Quick ck Gui Guide de

By: Claudemir Martins

For electrician, electrician, installers and DIYers DIYers who want to learn how CCTV works

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Securi Security ty Came Camerra Quick Quick Guide Guide By Claudemir Martins This guide is for beginners or experienced CCTV professionals professionals who need a quick reference on analog technology. technology. Here you will find valuable information explained in a simple and objective way. way. For more information visit: https://learncctv https://learncctv.com .com

Abou Ab outt t he aut au t h or My name is Claudemir Martins, I started my career in Brazil working in the elec electr tric ical al indu indust stry ry,, and and with with comp comput uter er netw networ orks ks wher where e I beca became me Cisco Cisco CCNA CCNA and CCNP certified. Later I moved to the CCTV industry, where I dedicated myself to atte attend nd high high-l -lev evel el train training ing in sever several al coun countr trie ies. s. My caree careerr adva advance nceme ment nt has has allowed me to work in the United States and v i si t 17 countries to train professionals in 3 different languages.

Abo Ab o ut t he cop c opyr yrii ght gh t All information contained in this guide should be used only for learning purposes by the person who purchased it. The texts and images contained in this material should not be used on websites, magazines or blogs without the prior written authorization of the author. This guide ide must not be copied, sen sent or dist istributed to third ird parties. Noncompliance with these terms may lead to legal proceedings punishable by fines and penalties under copyright laws.

proud d to an anno noun unce ce th that at th the e Ul Ulti tima mate te Se Secu curi rity ty Ca Came mera ra Gu Guid ide e UPDATE: I’m prou Volume 3 for digital systems (IP) is available. See below the details …

The Ultimate Security Camera Guide Volume Guide Volume 3 With acc With accura urate te in infor format mation ion org organ anize ized d for qu quick ick acc access ess to eve everyt rythi hing ng tha thatt is necessary to understand how IP security camera work in a blink of an eye.

✓ 195

pages with the best content that will allow you to learn very fast …

✓ With

stunning CCTV diagrams for easy understanding (with real pictures)

✓ Concepts

so easy to understand even for beginners with zero experience

✓ Explanation ✓ FREE

with simple language (without weird technical jargons)

updates (get a new guide every time there is an update available)

https://learncctv.com/UG3 .com/UG3 For more information visit: https://learncctv Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection

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About the Security Camera Quick Guide This guide was elaborated with great dedication for teaching you in a simple way the fundamental and principles of security cameras. For those who want to learn more, I created the Ultimate Security Camera Guide collection with much more details about security cameras. The Ultimate Security Camera Guide collection have been divided into different volumes that teach security camera technology and allow the reader to advance step-by-step. Future volumes of this series will be available with the same quality and affordable prices for professionals who wish to invest in their own careers.

Volume 1 Analog Systems

Volume 2

Volume 3

Cameras Remote View

Digital Systems (IP)

For more information visit: https://learncctv.com

Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection

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Dedication To my dear wife Valdirene and my daughter Amanda who believed in my dream and accompanied me in my adventure of living and working in the United States of America, where we are very happy. I am very grateful for the support I receive from both and will continue to devote myself to students who also believe in progression through knowledge. I am very proud of every professional who learns with everything I let available on my website. I am sure they are on their way to success.


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Contents Closed Circuit Television

7

Analog CCTV fundamentals

8

Infrastructure for CCTV

9

Coaxial cables

10

Bipolar coaxial cables

11

Power supply

12

Types of cameras

14

Analog resolution

16

Digital resolution

18

Digital Video Recorder (DVR)

20

Analog camera technologies

22

Example of CCTV project

24


6

Closed Circuit Television

Recording to have evidence

Analog CCTV fundamentals A simple analog CCTV system consists of cameras connected to a recording equipment known as DVR (Digital Video Recorder) that converts the signals from analog to digital format for recording and monitoring over the network. Once the signal is digital, it can be stored on a hard drive or sent over the network. See the diagram below: UTP cable coaxial cable box

Monitoring station

dome

DVR PTZ

bullet

Analog cameras Analog Monitor

In the first block, it is possible to see analog cameras of different types such as box, dome, PTZ, and bullet. They are connected to the DVR using coaxial cables The analog signals are converted to digital video and recorded on the DVR. The digital video is also displayed on a computer’s monitor (monitoring station). A UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cable also know as “network cable” or “cat5 cable” is used to connect the DVR and the monitoring station Traditional analog CCTV cameras have their resolution measured in TVL (TV lines) which are converted by the DVR into digital information (known as pixel).

analog camera analog

TVL

DVR

Monitoring station digital

Pixel


8

Infrastructure for CCTV

Cables and connectors for analog CCTV

Coaxial cables For the installation of analog CCTV cameras it is necessary to use coaxial cables that can vary according to the need of the project, basically the larger the gauge of the cable, the better the transmission over long distances. Below is a diagram of a coaxial cable: Role of each com ponent Conductor: Transports the video signal Dielectric: Electric insulation Conductor Dielectric Outer jacket

Braid: Protects against interference Outer jacket: Plastic protection

Braid

Types of coaxial cables RG-59: Can transmit black and white images at 750 feet (228m) and color images up to 650 feet (198m) away. RG-11: Can transmit black and white images at 1968 feet (600m) and color images up to 1312 feet (400m) away.


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Bipolar coaxial cables Bipolar coaxial cables can transmit images and power at the same time. They are widely used in small CCTV systems installations.

Central conductor Dielectric Braid

Power

Outer jacket

Component

Role

Central conductor

Used to transport the video signal from the camera to the monitor, or digital video recorder (DVR).

Dielectric

Insulation material separating the conductor from the braid.

Braid

It is used to protect the cable from electromagnetic interference.

Power

Carries power to the camera

Outer jacket

Protective plastic

Always ground your system correctly, so the electromagnetic interference received by the coaxial cable can be discharged to earth. Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection

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Power supply

How to Power the CCTV Cameras

Power supply To connect the CCTV cameras it is necessary to use a power supply that provides the voltage and the proper current according to the project. In most modern installations with analog cameras, the power supply is centralized and distribute power to all installed cameras. Below is an example of a centralized power supply, this type of power supply can be used to connect multiple cameras according to their maximum current.

VOLTAGE ( V ) CURRENT ( A )

127/220 VAC 12 VDC --- 10A

Positive Negative Grounding Hot Neutral The connection is extremely simple because the power has labels on each of the connectors, the power supply must connected to an electrical outlet using the hot and neutral connectors, and the positive and negative connectors are connected to the cameras. There is also a connector for grounding. Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection

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Type of cameras

Micro camera Box, Dome, Bullet and PTZ

Type of cameras There are different types of cameras on the market for all kinds of projects, from the most basic, where the customer wants to monitor their residence or small office, to more advanced projects with thousands of cameras.

Fixed cameras Fixed cameras are installed in a location for specific areas monitoring, they are installed and have the lenses adjusted for a specific viewing angle

Micro camera

Box

Bullet

Mini Dome

Dome

PTZ cameras and positioning systems PTZ cameras and positioning systems can be moved even after installation through a system with motors that can be controlled remotely. Speed Dome (PTZ)

Positioning system (explosion proof)

Positioning system (with infrared)

Mobile cameras are a combination of the optical part that are inside protective boxes that move by motorized mechanical systems. Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection

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Analog resolution

For cameras and monitors

Analog cameras resolution The resolution of a camera defines how much detail we can see in the image. The higher the resolution, the better the level of detail we will have and more information will be available for analysis. In traditional analog systems we measure the resolution through the amount of available lines that are displayed on a monitor.

Analog monitor TV lines (TVL)

CAMERA

By connecting a 600 TVL lines CCTV camera directly to a monitor via a coaxial cable, these lines will be displayed on the monitor as long as it also has at least 600 TVL lines resolution.

CAMERA

+

=

600 TVL Coaxial cable 600 TVL

TVL (stands for TV Lines) is the number of the lines displayed on an analog monitor The system must be compatible to display the lines properly, if you connect a CCTV camera with 600 TVL to a monitor that has for only 400TVL, the quality will not be satisfactory. Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection

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Digital resolution Pixel

l e x i P

Cameras and monitors with digital resolution

Digital resolution (pixel) Digital resolution is measured in pixels, which are the small elements in a image. In the picture below, you will see a 2MP megapixel camera connected to a monitor which shows 1920 pixels horizontally and 1080 pixels vertically.

1920 By multiplying the amount of pixels of the image we get a total of 2,073,600 pixels. 0 8 0 1

1 Mega is used to represent the 1 million, in the image there are more than 2 million pixels, so the image has 2 Megapixel.

2 Mega Pixel 2,073,600 pixels

The higher the amount of pixels in the image, the higher the resolution and the better the digital zoom to see important details.

The digital resolution on a monitor or TV is related to the amount of pixels that they are able to display, as shown in the image below: 720 x 480 = 480p 1280 x 720 = 720p 1920 x 1080 = 1080p 3840 x 2160 = 4K 720p also known as HD resolution 1080p also known as Full HD resolution


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Digital Video Recorder (DVR)

Converts analog camera signals to digital format and records everything

Digital Video Recorder (DVR) In the image below you can see the back of a DVR with 8 inputs for audio and video

ON/OFF.

2

1

3

Audio output Audio input

4

5

Network and USB

HDMI Video input

7

6

VGA

8 Power conn

Alarm I/O

See below a description for the connectors on the back of a DVR 1. In the audio inputs you can connect preamplified microphones to record the sound of the environment and associate it with the corresponding video channel. 2. Audio output can be used to connect an amplified speaker 3. Video inputs include cameras with conventional analog signal or new technologies (HD-TVI, HD-CVI and AHD) depending on the model of the DVR. 4. HDMI output is used to connect monitors at distances up to 15 meters, for longer distances, an appropriate repeaters is required. 5. The VGA output is used to connect monitors at distances of 7 to 30 meters (depending on the resolution used from 800x600 to 1920x1200) for longer distances it is necessary to use appropriate repeaters. 6. The network connector allows the DVR to be connected to a switch or router for monitoring, backup and remote operation via a computer. 7. The alarm input allows the connection of sensors and the alarm output allows connection with signaling and control devices. 8. A connector for the power supply cable is available on the DVR. Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection

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Analog camera technologies

HD-TVI, HD-CVI, AHD and CVBS

Analog camera technologies When purchasing an analog camera it is important to keep in mind that there are different technology used to transmit the signals to a DVR, encoder or monitor. In the market it is very common to find different manufacturers offering these technologies with certain nomenclatures. Although some variations appear, in general the technologies are summarized in:

CVBS

AHD HD-TVI HD-CVI

Basically all those technologies use analog signals. CVBS (Composite Video Broadcast Signal) is the oldest and traditional that does not offer high resolution images compared to newer ones AHD, HD-TVI and HD-CVI. Below is an example of cameras from different manufacturers with the technologies mentioned before.

Bosch (CVBS)

Samsung (AHD)

Hikvison (HD-TVI)

Dahua (HD-CVI)

It is possible to find cameras and recorders with hybrid technology, which accept both CVBS and other types of signals, most manufacturers, such as those mentioned above, have these types of products. Atten ti on: In the market you can find different vendors talking about the advantages and disadvantages of these systems, be careful to listen to this information, learn and draw your own conclusions.


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Small CCTV design example C2

C1

C3

C4

Simple and fast design for an office

Small CCTV design example Here we will see an example of simple CCTV design for a small office.

Recordi ng and moni toring a small offi ce A businessman wants to monitor the workplace with two cubicles for tech support, a desk and a waiting room. He wants to record everything that happens in the office and have remote view to the cameras from his computer at home.

The image below shows the example of the office that he wants to monitor.

For this example the installer will install 4 analog cameras and 1 recorder (DVR), he will also need to buy cables, connectors, power supply and any other necessary materials to be used in the installation. Let’s assume that the installer already has the necessary tools for installation such as hammers, screw drivers, pliers, etc. Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection

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Small CCTV design example Step 1: Discuss project with the customer In this step you should talk to the client to verify what he/she wants and what his/her expectations and budget available for the project is. Be aware that the client does not have the same knowledge as a CCTV installer, sometimes he/she asks for things that are not possible or that does not make sense, or is too expensive. Just listen to him/her and let him/her know what the options are. Do not be alarmed by certain situations, if the client asks you to design a system to record video for an entire year, explain to him/her that this is possible, however most of CCTV projects are designed to record up to 30 days. A questionnaire may vary according to the type of customer, see a template below that should work in most cases: Basic Question s for a Custom er: How many cameras do you think is necessary for your office? Which device do you want to use for remote view? (computer, tablet, mobile) Does anyone come into the office at night ? What are the working hours ? Do you want to know only if there are people hanging around or recognize their faces? How many people need to have access to the monitoring system? Want to prevent something before it happens or watch recordings later? Want to have redundancy if somebody stoles the recorder (DVR) ? Are there any problems with lack of electricity in the office? Do you want people to know that there's a security camera in the office? Are the office lights on during the night ? For how many days do you want to record the videos ?


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Small CCTV design example Step 2: Sketch the project diagram on a paper When visiting the customer to have a conversation about the project, you must bring your agenda or a drawing board. You don’t have to be an artist, but just sketch something to help you understand the project. Here is an example of a simple, but very handy, sketch:

Note how simple it is to sketch a diagram depicting 4 dome-type cameras on the left side, connected with cables to a DVR, which in turn connects to a router (R) that connects to a laptop and also to the Internet. And from the Internet we have a tablet and cell phone. This sketch helps to have a general idea about what will be necessary for design and installation, from here you already know that you need things like: • 4 Dome camera with 3mm fixed lenses • 1 DVR with hard drive for 30 days recording • Coaxial cables to connect the cameras to the DVR • Network cable (UTP cable) to connect the DVR to the router • Monitor to connect to the DVR and see live video/configuration • Installation material such as racks, screws, tapes, etc


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Small CCTV design example Step 3: Decide where to install the cameras See below a sketch that shows the positions of the cameras

The four black dots represent the cameras, just make a sketch to indicate where the cameras will be installed and add some notes, later you can use a software to design everything in a computer. With this draft is possible to know that the camera behind the desk (SEC) will point to the entrance, the cameras located in the cubicles (C1 and C2) will point to their respective entrances and the camera in the waiting room will monitor the environment. It is then necessary to decide where the recorder (DVR) will be installed and to have a measurements of the site to estimate the amount of cables needed, this is done with a site survey and analysis of where the cables will run.


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Small CCTV design example Step 4: Generate the list of equipment and materials needed After creating the drafts, and writing down the details, you will have enough information to generate a list of material for the project Below is an example of a list for this fictitious project

Qty

Material

Location

1

HD-TVI Dome camera with 3mm fixed lens 1080p resolution with infrared and WDR.

SEC

3

HD-TVI Dome camera with 3mm fixed lens 1080p resolution with infrared.

C1, C2, SE

1

4 channel HD-TVI DVR with 1TB hard drive

C2

50m

RG59 siamese coaxial cable with 90% braid

All

8

Coaxial cable BNC connector

All

4

P4 Connector used for the power supply

All

2

2.5m patch cord (UTP cat5e) cable

SEC

12

Screws for camera mounting

All

1

3 Us Rack for the DVR

SEC

1

5A Power supply

SEC

1

UPS for the DVR

SEC

The list have different cameras because one of them will point to the entrance where a backlight compensation is needed, so the camera must have WDR. Extra materials such as RG59 BNC, nylon cable clamps, silicone, etc, should be part of an installer's tool kit. Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection

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Small CCTV design example Step 5: Customer proposal With a list in hand, visit a store that sells CCTV cameras and ask for a quotation, this also can be done over the Internet. It is important to have more than one quotation at first to have an idea of what products are available in the market and what are the prices of different suppliers. For your first quotation you may notice a big difference in prices, but this is perfectly normal, because the technology and quality of each product varies according to several factors such as: brand, equipment features, warranty, manufacturer technical support, training team availability, etc. Beware of products that don’t have an installation manual or a person you can contact for technical support. Below is a list of manufacturers (analog cameras).

Example of well-know brands that manufactur e CCTV cameras

Chinese manufactur ers whi ch have good quality prod ucts

Example of others manufactur ers of analog CCTV cameras

There are also lot of different Chinese manufacturers out there, just keep in mind that some of them will not have any local support or warranty, so take everything in consideration before decide to use cheap equipment, quality has its price. Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection

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Small CCTV design example Step 6: Installation After the customer proposal approval, buy the equipment and begin the installation, for this quick example let’s consider the use of a 1A (ampere) power supply with 1TB hard drive. Install the cameras by attaching them to the wall with the appropriate screws.

Attach the camera mount

Install the camera

Close the camera

Insert the BNC into the coaxial cable

Use the crimp tool

Install the power supply connector

Connect to the power supply


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Small CCTV design example

Connect the cables to the camera

Open the DVR main menu

Configure the camera resolution

Connect the cables to the DVR

Adjust the date and timezone

Ajust the recording settings

In this example, the menu shows the screens of a 4 channel Hikvision DVR, but the configuration method is similar for other brands. It is essential to first set the correct date and time, and at least adjust the resolution and recording mode.


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Small CCTV design example Step 7: Train people and generate fin al documentation Once the installation is complete, request a meeting with your client to show him that everything is working properly according to the initial design. The sketch used in the beginning of the project is now a nice drawing just like the one in the picture below. You can use software such as Autocad, CCTV Design or even a power point to have a nice diagram for your customer. camera

Router

Internet Recorder (DVR)

Tablet / Mobile

C2

C1

Laptop

Tablet / Mobile

C3

C4


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