SEMINAR REPORT ON MATERIALS USED IN GREEN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Submitted by
ABINANDH P T
In partial fulfilment of requirements For the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY KOCHI-682022 2017 1
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DIVISION OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar report submitted by ABINANDH P T, 11150005 , is a record of the bonafide work
done in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of B.Tech Degree in ‘’Civil Engineering’’ at School of Engineering
, CUSAT in the year 2016.
STAFF-IN-CHARGE
HEAD OF DIVISION
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I, Abinandh hereby declare that the seminar report entitled “Materials used in green building construction” is prepared and presented by me as a partial fulfilment of the requirements of the award of B-Tech degree in Civil Engineering at School of Engineering, CUSAT in the year 2017.
Abinandh P T
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ABSTRACT
Global warming is a serious problem facing the world today. In order to stop this problem, society must change learning to alter what they use in order to be less harmful to the environment. Making buildings “GREEN” would be a great impact to this problem, there are different ways this can be done. Green building concepts deals with the optimum use of natural resources for the development or non-harmful to the environment in other words green building is the building which utilizes very less amount of manmade energy and is capable of reducing ample amount of energy without causing any harmful to the environment . It also encompasses energy use, water use, and storm water and waste water reuse. Similarly use of recycled plastic ,recycled aggregates and wastes for the construction and another method of construction of low carbon building which use sustainable materials like blended cement , fly ash bricks , low energy intensity floor and roofing system , mud blocs for the construction. There are many materials used in the construction of the green building which utilizes very less amount of manmade energy and is capable of reducing ample amount of energy without causing any harmful to the environment here I am discussing about some of the important materials in the construction like Wool Brick, Sustainable Concrete, Paper insulation, Straw bale, Grass Crete, Rammed Earth, Hemp Crete, Bamboo, Recycled Plastic, Wood, Mycelium, Ferrock , Ash Crete, Timber Crete.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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ABSTRACT
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INTRODUCTION
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WHAT IS GREEN BUILDING AND THEIR GOALS?
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OBJECTIVITIES OF GREEN BUILDING
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REASON TO BUILD GREEN
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ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDINGS
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WOOL BRICK
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SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE
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PAPER INSULATION
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STRAW BALES
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MYCELIUM
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HEMP CRETE
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INSULATED CONCRETE FORMS (ICF)
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STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANELS (SIPS)
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FERROCK
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TIMBERCRETE
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ASHCRETE
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CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES
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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 1.1 Wool Brick …….……………………………………………………11 Fig 1.2 Sustainable Concrete …………………………………………………. 12 Fig. 1.3 Paper Insulation ……………………………………………………... 13 Fig 1.4 Straw Bales. ……………………………..…................. ......................14 Fig 1.5 Mycelium............................................................................................ 15 Fig 1.6 Hemp Crete ……………………………………………………………16 Fig 1.7 Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF)…… …………………………………17 Fig 1.8 Structural Insulated Panels (SIPS)…….………………………………18 Fig 1.9 Ferrock …..…………………………………………………………….19
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INTRODUCTION
A green building, also known as a sustainable building, is a structure that is designed, built, renovated, operated, or reused in an ecological and resource-efficient manner. Green buildings are designed to meet certain objectives such as protecting occupant health; improving employee productivity; using energy, water, and other resources more efficiently and reducing the overall impact to the environment Green Building practices promote construction of buildings that are healthier for the occupants and healthier for the environment Sustainable or “green” building practices can reduce the tremendous impact that building design, construction and maintenance has on both people and nature. Energy and material consumption in buildings can contribute significantly to global climate change. Buildings are actually responsible for maximum resource consumption therefore green building is only solution to the present trend of construction. Green building is described as people with healthy, comfortable and safe living, working and activities of the space, while the building full life cycle (material production, construction planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance ) process to achieve efficient use of resources (energy, disabilities, the water, materials) with minimum impact on the environment of buildings, also known as sustainable building envelope The green building uses locally available building materials which are energy efficient, sustainable, and durable. Looking at the availability of local material lime is one of such material which reduces the internal room temperatures by 4 to 5o C as compare to cement in plastering work. Using lime in building it absorbs carbon rather than emitting which also lead to reduce hazardous impact on environment.
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What is Green building and their goals?
The concept of sustainable development can be traced to the energy (especially fossil oil) crisis and the environment pollution concern in the 1970s.The green building movement in the U.S. originated from the need and desire for more energy efficient and environmentally friendly construction practices. There are number of motives for building green, including environmental, economic, and social benefits. However, modern sustainability initiatives call for an integrated and synergistic design to both new construction and in the retrofitting of existing structures. Also known as sustainable design, this approach integrates the building lifecycle with each green practice employed with a design-purpose to create a synergy among the practices used. Green building brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It often emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, e.g., using sunlight through passive solar, active solar and photo voltaic techniques and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other techniques are used, such as using wood as a building material, or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water. While the practices, or technologies, employed in green building are constantly evolving and may differ from region to region, fundamental principles persist from which the method is derived as follows
Ø Sitting and structure Design Efficiency Ø Energy Efficiency Ø Water Efficiency Ø Materials Efficiency Ø Indoor Environmental And Quality Enhancement Ø Operations and Maintenance Optimization 8
Ø Waste and Toxics Reduction
The essence of green building is an optimization of one or more of these principles. Also, with the proper synergistic design, individual green building technologies may work together to produce a greater cumulative effect. On the aesthetic side of green architecture or sustainable design is the philosophy of designing a building that is in harmony with the natural features and resources surrounding the site. There are several key steps in designing sustainable buildings: specify ‘green’ building materials from local sources, reduce loads, optimize systems, and generate on-site renewable energy.
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OBJECTIVITIES OF GREEN BUILDING: Conserve natural resources Increase energy efficiency Improve indoor air quality
REASON TO BUILD GREEN: Reduced urban island heat effect Reduced building heating and cooling effect Reduced air pollution and greenhouse gases Increased building durability Increased health factor both inside and outside building Increased water conservation
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDINGS: Improving occupant health Improving comfort, productivity Reducing pollution and landfill waste
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MATERIALS USED IN GREEN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
WOOL BRICK
Fig 1.1 Wool Brick
The wool fibres were added to the clay material used in the bricks, using alginate conglomerate, a natural polymer found in the cell walls of seaweed. The mechanical tests carried out showed the compound to be 37% stronger than other bricks made using unfired stabilised earth. The objective was to produce bricks reinforced with wool and to obtain a composite that was more sustainable, non-toxic, using abundant local materials, and that would mechanically improve the bricks strength. 11
SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE
Fig 1.2 Sustainable Concrete
Cement and concrete can be produced according to various recipes and with different ingredients. Different production methods lead to different qualities and different environmental impacts. Composing concrete so that it meets the functionalities required and at the same time causes minimum environmental impact is a challenge. In most projects, COWI considers whether the carbon footprint can be lowered. Crushed glass wood chips or slag a by-product 0f steel manufacturing reduces the emission of co2
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PAPER INSULATION
Fig 1.3 Paper Insulation
Made from recycled newspapers and cardboard then filled with chemical foam insect resistant and fire retardant Cellulose — Made from recycled paper, cellulose is the second most common insulation material and is considered a very green choice when used properly. Also, it is relatively inexpensive, with costs similar to fiberglass
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STRAW BALES
Fig 1.4 House using Straw Bales
Rather than relying on new research and technology, straw bale building hearkens back to the days when homes were built from natural, locallyoccurring materials. Straw bales are used to create a home’s walls inside of a frame, replacing other building materials such as concrete, wood, gypsum, plaster, fiberglass, or stone. When properly sealed, straw bales naturally provide very high levels of insulation for a hot or cold climate, and are not only affordable but sustainable as straw is a rapidly renewable resource.
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MYCELIUM
Fig 1.5 Building using Mycelium Mycelium is a crazy futuristic building material that’s actually totally natural – it comprises the root structure of fungi and mushrooms. Mycelium can be encouraged to grow around a composite of other natural materials, like ground up straw, in moulds or forms, then air-dried to create lightweight and strong bricks or other shapes.
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HEMP CRETE
Fig 1.6 Hemp Crete
Hemp Crete is just what it sounds like – a concrete like material created from the woody inner fibres of the hemp plant. The hemp fibres are bound with lime to create concrete-like shapes that are strong and light. Hemp Crete blocks are super-lightweight, which can also dramatically reduce the energy used to transport the blocks, and hemp itself is a fast-growing, renewable resource. Good looking, environmentally friendly and 100% recyclable, Hem Crete is as versatile as it is sustainable. It can be used in a mind-boggling array of applications from roof insulation to wall construction to flooring. Hem Crete is waterproof, fireproof, insulates well, does not rot [when used above ground] and is completely recyclable. In fact, the manufacturers say that demolished Hem Crete walls can actually be used as fertilizer
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INSULATED CONCRETE FORMS (ICF)
Fig 1.7 Insulated concrete forms
Insulating concrete forms resulting cast-in-place concrete walls that are sandwiched between two layers of insulation material. These systems are strong and energy efficient. Common applications for this method of construction are low-rise buildings, with property uses ranging from residential to commercial to industrial. Traditional finishes are applied to interior and exterior faces, so the buildings look similar to typical construction, although the walls are usually thicker. The concrete has a very high-embodied energy relative to most building materials, many consider it a green material for its longevity and durability.
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STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANELS (SIPS)
Fig 1.8 Structural Insulated Panels SIPS are large panels (4’ x 8’ up to 24’ x 8’) typically constructed at a factory. They are composed of foam insulation sandwiched between two sheets of oriented strand board (OSB). You can consider SIPS green because of their superior insulation and air-sealing qualities, but they often must be set in place with a crane. SIPS constructionism typically slightly more expensive than conventionally built structures
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FERROCK
Fig 1.9 Ferrock
Ferrock is a new material being researched that uses recycled materials including steel dust from the steel industry to create a concrete-like building material that is even stronger than concrete. What’s more, this unique material actually absorbs and traps carbon dioxide as part of its drying and hardening process – making it not only less CO2 intensive than traditional concrete, but actually carbon neutral
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TIMBERCRETE
Timber Crete is an interesting building material made of sawdust and concrete mixed together. Since it is lighter than concrete, it reduces transportation emissions, and the sawdust both reuses a waste product and replaces some of the energy-intensive components of traditional concrete. Timber Crete can be formed into traditional shapes such as blocks, bricks, and pavers.
ASHCRETE
Ash Crete is a concrete alternative that uses fly ash instead of traditional cement. By using fly ash, a by-product of burning coal, 97 per cent of traditional components in concrete can be replaced with recycled material.
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CONCLUSION
We have studied features of all construction material which are socially, economically benefits for construction industry and human health. Green construction material reduces side effects on environment.to make efficient sustainable structure as well as will lessens the environmental pollution content, and like greenhouse gas emission, resource depletion, soil pollution , health hazards , ozone depletion etc. Hence there is an urge to use the eco-friendly materials for the better tomorrow and healthy life of coming generation. With increasing degradation of the environment because of increased energy consumption, environment, conscious building design has become urgent. The benefits of green design to society in general, and building owners and users in particular, are manifold. The construction of such buildings results in reduced destruction of natural habitats and bio-diversity , reduced air and water pollution , less water consumption, limited waste generation and increased user productivity. With increasing threat on our planet earth caused by depleting resources and increasing emissions it is absolutely pertinent that all our future buildings should be designed to function as “green buildings”
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REFERENCES
http://inhabitat.com/11-green-building-materials-that-are-way-betterthan-concrete/ International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email:
[email protected] Volume 4, Issue 4, April 2015 ISSN 2319 – 4847 Advantages of Green Building Volume : 2 | Issue : 4 | Apr 2013 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179
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