Sentence Correction

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GMAT Home c

800score Home



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c0ample Questions.c

I. 0entence Correction Introduction

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c c c   c  cc  c  c c cc cAWA Essay  cc0entence Correction  .c   cccc c
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cc c c c c & c ccc cccstandard written Englishcccc cc    cc+c  c c c 
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II. 0entence Correction Tips

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u. GMAT grammar adheres to the rules of "0tandard Written English"c %c, c c  cc cc ccccccccc cc % c

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cc c c c c cc c c+cc ccc c  0ccc  c cc cc cc  c c 2. The GMAT tests a limited number of grammar rules.c  ccc cc c
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cc 3. Grammar is key - but style is important, too c
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c  c c  c c c c 5. Incorrect answer choices are incorrectc %   c& c c c ccc c c c c c

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III. Glossary of Grammatical Definitions

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voice in which the person or thing performing the action is the subject of the verb c 3cc c
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modifies a noun or adverbc ccchappyc  c

Ê c

modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverbcc
 c   c
 cslowlycc cc

Ê
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word (a, an, the) that specifies or confines the meaning of a nouncc -  c  cThec  c c cc   c   Ac  c  c c c cc

Ê c

in a sentence, a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicatecc c 2c   ccÑarbara said those things c


 c

joins two or more words, phrases, clauses, or sentencescc % candc%

c c  c c  0c c c cc cc


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indicates a group of persons, things, or animals treated as a single entitycc
 cfleetcc
c cc  c cchoruscc c cc c c

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pair of words which, separated from each other in a sentence, act as a conjunction (joining two or more words, phrases, or sentences) c Eithercc ccc corc c

c  c c c c c

©c

noun formed from a verb, usually by adding -ing to the endcc unning ccccc c c c

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expression comprising several words, the meaning of which extends beyond the meanings of the individual words c &  c cas goodcasc c c
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cccin contrast tocc
c   c Neitherc
cnorc%cc c  c

ccc c4cc cc

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pronoun that does not stand in for any particular noun, but instead refers to "people in general" or fulfills the sentence's syntactical need for a pronouncc ½necc
c  c ccc 2c c Itcc c c


c

dictionary form of a verb; in English, most often appears as "to ___ " ("to eat", "to run")cc To sleepc
 cto dreamcc  2c cc

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word, phrase, or clause that provides extra information about another word, phrase, or clausecc
 csoftc


c c
cccc chardc c



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verb form that indicates the speaker's position on the factuality of the sentence; indicates if action/condition is true or unlikely, or if the speaker is giving a command c  c!(  ccc)c 5c
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ccc cccc 
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ccc  ccc6c %4 c ( c
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cc cc   c

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indicates a person, place, or thingcc ohnc cpizzacc ccafecccfriendscc


c

in a sentence, the noun or noun phrase that receives, or is otherwise affected by, the action specified by the verbcc ccto the cliffcc

Ê c

voice in which the person or thing performing the action is the object of the verb c
 c cccc c
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phrase c

in a sentence, a group of words that contains either a subject or a predicate and lacks the othercc ¦c7 c c cc c
cc 7
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cc $ c7 ccccc 4  c  c  c   c

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noun, pronoun, or adjective indicating multiple persons or thingscc Cowsc2c  csheep.cc

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pronoun indicating possessioncc 12ccc c  cc
cc c  cchers.cc

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part of a sentence or clause that, as a whole, modifies the subject; includes the verb, the object/s, or phrases presided over by the verbcc *creadscc *creads the newspapercc *creads the newspaper to his grandfathercc

 
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shows relationship between words, phrases, or clausesc


 c from '8 cc  c cc
 cc

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conc cc

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stands in for a noun or noun phrasecc 3c4c cc c ccHe  cc  c c cc

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noun indicating a specific person, place, or thingcc
 cAngkor Vat TempleccCambodiacc ccCassandra'sc  ccc  c

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pronoun that connects a subordinate clause to the rest of the sentencecc 5cc ccwhocc c c 5cc ccthatc3  ccccc


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group of words that contains a subject and a predicate, and is able to stand on its owncc
ccc   c

© Êc

noun, pronoun, or adjective indicating one person or thingc
 ccowc 2c  c csheepc

 
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in a sentence, the noun or noun phrase that performs the action indicated by the verb; or which is explained or described by the verbcc The shipc cc cccc

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represents an action or state of beingcc , c

cknowcc  c

voice c

set of verb forms indicating the relationship between the subject and the action or condition expressed by the verbcc
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IV. 0entence Correction Three-0tep Method

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A 0entence Correction question looks like this:c "c^hen Charlene goes to the park, she likes to run, swim, and to play basketball.c A.cshe likes to run, swim, and to play basketballc Ñ.cshe likes to run, swim, and play basketballc C.cshe likes running, to swim, and to play basketballc D.cshe likes running, swimming, and to play basketballc E.cshe likes all of the following, to run, swim, and to play basketball c +c c ca sentence with one section underlinedcc canswer choicesc
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c 800score Three-0tep Method to 0entence Correction questions:c

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c ead the entire sentence.c-cc
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 After you've read the sentence, look for clues indicating which grammar rule the question is testing.c
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cc  ccc Agreement Issuesc1cc
c cccc c :c Modifiersc1ccc
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cc 
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V. 0even Error Types

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The GMAT tests only a limited number of grammar error types.c
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0even Types of Errors in the 0entence Correction 0ectionc "c%4 /$ c   cc

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c u-A. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: x



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c 0ubject-Verb Agreement c A. Introductionc 'c%4 c?c$ c%
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0ubjects and verbs must agree.
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u. What "Agreement" Means in English Grammar c    cc cc c  c cc cc 

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2. Kinds of Agreementcc c c c c  c  c

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c  cc c  cc cctensecnumbercccasec Tenseccnumberc

cc 0cnumberc

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u-Ñ. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: 0 
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A subject and verb may be separated by an accompanying phrase without changing the agreement.c The child, together with his grandmother and his parents, is going to the beach.c This sentence is grammatically correct.c, cc
 c ccc c  cc4 c cc c c4 cc cc

c c  cc c c
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c
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c  c c4 c(the child)cc c c(is going)cc

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c    cc  c  ccccorrectccincorrectc Mrank, accompanied by his students, were at the studio.c


  c c cccc   ccc cTo clarify which of the three nouns is the subject of the sentence, and with which of the two verbs the subject should agree, cross out everything inside the commas, like so:c

c

Two nouns remain:  c4 cc ccccc c /cc(@)c
 c c 2 c

cc c/  c cc c c c cc c   c(  )cc
c
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c c  c c  /cc, 2 c cc c

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cc cc cc c cc c c c  c c(c cccc
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cc c  cc cccc/c cccc  c cc  ccc c  c c3cccc c c c c ccc 
c c  c cc  cc c c c4 / c 
c c@c c c

ccc c4 cc c   ccc cc cc
 ccc   c@cwascc cc Incorrect:cMrank, accompanied by his students, were at the studio.c Correct: Mrank, accompanied by his students, was at the studio.c

cc Check for agreement in every question you see, and be aware of the different ways the error can pop up. %cc cc c
5  2c cc
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c c c A. "½f" Phrasesc c   c

c c cccc  c

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c/  c  c cc 1ccc   cc The goal of the architects are to create the most stunning and functional building in the city.c - c c c cc c4 :c2c ccccc  c  c c2cc cc c 4 cc
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c c c
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c
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 cc cc c4 cc c   ccc cc  cc c cc Incorrect:cThe goal of the architects  to create the most stunning and functional building in the city.c Correct:cThe goal of the architects  to create the most stunning and functional building in the city.c

cc Ñ. "For" Phrasesc @c
 c c ccc
 cc cccc   c c c c cc  c/ c  cc cc
cc c   cc 1cc  cc   c,cc :c The book I bought for my students
 the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c The book I bought for my students
 the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c
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cc c   c 2 c  cccc cccc  c c c
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cc

c 5ccccccc c4 ccc cc c
c :c@ccc cc
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for my 


 the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c The  I 
for my 


 the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c
c  c ccc  ccccccc
ccc4 ccc c¦ c  cc  c(c
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c The  I 

 the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c The  I 

 the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c +cc ccccwithc cc
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c  c cc cc c c ccc c c
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c  c ccc c c  cc/ cc
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cc cc cc  c c
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c
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c c c4 / c 
c  cc cc
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c
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u-C. Collective Nouns

cc

cc

c

Collective nouns, such as ?,  
,   , and 



are singular when they act in a collective fashion or represent one group.
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 cccc   Collective nouns will usually be singular in 0entence Correction sentences. The difficulty of these questions lies in 
?  a noun as a collective noun.c a majority of the shareholders wants the merger.c
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c c
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cc The flock of birds is flying south. c
c   c
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c  ccc c
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cc c c ccc c
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c Here is an example of a collective noun that requires a plural verbc ccc

cc cc  c cc c !
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c "c  8 c c

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c  8 c2cccc c   cc c cccc

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cc  c c c 


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c

ccList of Common Collective Nounsc

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4c

c( c)c

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c(
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c

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c

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c

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u-D. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: o 0 

cc

cc

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c c cc 
c c cc cc c cÑecause these names ± Ted, ohn, I - are separated by the word "and", the plural form of the verb is used, according to the rule stated above.c-2c /cc  c2cc   cc cc c4 cc
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c(c
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c c cc 
c c c c ccc c'cc c c cc cc
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 cc cccAnd according to the rule above, when a list of things is separated by the word "nor," the singular form of the verb is used. c
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c c c
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ccc  ccwhat does this sentence tell us exactly?cc

ccc
ccccc3cccc  c% c cc

c c   cc

cc
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cc 2c c  cc cc cc  cc  cc cc You could also think about it this way: neither one of the two is goingc
5  c c c cc c c c( cc
 )c c c c A. Pronounsc

c

ccA. The following pronouns are always singular: c

c

 c

 c

 c

c

  c

c cc

c

  c

c

  c

  c

c

 c

 c

cc

c

c

!cc cccc cc c cccccc

 c c  

c c  c

c

c c c

ccÑ. The following pronouns are always plural: c c

c

 c

 c

c    c cc

c

c

! 8 c  c

c c c

ccC. The following indefinite pronouns could be either singular or plural

c

depending on context:c  c

 c

c



c

c cc

c

c

c 22& c c ccc c
ccc cc2c
cc 8c1cc  c 
c 0 of the bananas are brown.c 0 of the banana is brown.c 'c   c c c,c c cc  cc
 c cc c cc :c'  cc  cc   c2 2c  cc   cc4 c

c c c cc cc c cc cc c  cccc ccc cc ccc
c c  c
cc cccccc   c c c
c
c
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c

c

c  c  ccc c c

c

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 ccc
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c

c 2c  c c c
c ccc4c   c
 cc

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c

cc c

cc cc

c
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c c

c  c  c c1cc  c   c ¦ of the ice cream was left over.c ¦ of my friends are going to a play tonight.c ¦ of the inmates was given a fair trial.c % c c :c
 ccc c   c c ccc cc

 ccc  c ccc
 cc

 ccc
 c c'c cc   cccpluralcccc singularc c5c cc :cc   c  cc c
c

cc c  cc c2c c   cc cc 

ccThe word "none" can be used to mean either "not any" or "not one," and sometimes, only context, or the writer's intended emphasis, can determine which use is better.c@ c  cc c c
c cc c !
c/cc cc c   cc c cc  cc c   c c ccccc c c
cc  cc cc  c

ccc c cc
 c c cc
 cc

0cc ccc c c cc c1 2c ccc cc c   c

c
 cc

c  ice creamcc ccc c c c c cc

ccc c
 c c cc ccc c c cc c ccc
c 5  2cc ccc cc
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c c cc cc

c cc
 cc c cc
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c, c
 c  c cccc ¦
  of my friends  going to a play tonight. c
 c   ccc cc cc cc c  

c c c 
cccc c  c%c c c c cc
ceverycc  2cc ccccccsingle oneccc  cisccc

c
 c c   c  c c  cc 
c ¦ ?
 inmates was given a fair trial. c , cc cccc   c  cccc ccc
 cc2 cc c   c c c c ccc cc c c c c  c
 ccccc c :cccc cc
 c 0ccc c cc c5  c  cc cc 
8 cc c  c cc c cc  c cc c c c c c Not a single one of the inmates was given a fair trial.c -2cccccc ccc   c
c c c   cc c c !
cc c  cc  ccc c%   c& c  c

¦ is singular when:c
 cc

c cc c

¦ is plural when:c
 cc

c cc
 c

*c ¦ c c ccc ¦ c cc cccc c cc

*c ¦ c cccc

u-E. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: ¦ 
  
  ¦ 
  and 
  always take singular verbs when acting as the subject of a sentence.c

c cc

5  c c cc 
ccc   ccc cc  cc c
 cc  cc c 4 cc c   c c
c c c c c¦  c cc c c cccc c 4 cc c   c
   c c c ccc c
 c   c  cc  cc

.c 5  c c cc cccc   c cc  ccc c4 cc   c   cc ccIf you're at all confused, a helpful tip is to think of the word "either" as an abbreviation of the phrase "either one".c  cccc2c  cc cc c
 cccc4c 

c( cccccc  ccc)c
 c4 cc c   cc  c( )cccc    c   c  cc c cc

u-F. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: ½ ¦ ¦ 
   and 
   are a special case. If two subjects are joined by or , the verb should agree with the subject that is closer to it.c If the conjunction  appears in a sentence with 
 ; or the conjunction  with 
 , then the "neither/either" rule as stated above no longer applies.c
cccc c  c

 cccc   c

 cccc2c

c cc c c c c cc ccc c

c c¦  Acc  Ac cc cc c cc !
cc c  c c  cc  cc  c cc  c c4 cc c   c c c ccconjunctionsccc
cccccc4ccotherc4 cc c   c, c ccthe verb agrees with 3   
 

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c
c  Ac   ccc4 c
ccc  c(,cc  ccc 4 c:c'  cc  cc c4 c c ccc  c

c cc   cc)c% c c  c4 cc  cc
 c c   c cc
 c cc
 c
 c c  cc cc

c


c 
cc  c

cc c c c 
cc c  c4c4c c 4 cc  ?c
 c cc   c cc c4 c  ccccc cc c c
 c

c ccc c cc emember to apply this rule only when both items of the pairs "neither/nor" and "either/or" are present in the sentence. c

u-G. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: 0 
   ½ 


cc

cc

c

Ñe careful to choose the right subject in sentences in which the verb precedes the subject.c %  cc   ccc/

cccc
cc c c4 cc c  ccc c  c

c
c

cc 2c ccc c'  ccccc 4 cc4 c c

c cc c
  cc c   cc   cccc c c

 c0uch sentences follow the pattern 0ubject ² Verb ² ½bject.c 5  ccc 
c

c
c   cc cc ccc2

c  c
 cccc c   cdogcc 

 ccc c catecc c ccc cdogcc
c cc cc c  cdogcc   c c4 cc c   c
 c c cchomeworkcc   c c 4 c

c % c   c  c

c cccc
c
 c, c

ccc c   c 

c c ccc  c c c cc cccc ccc c4 c,c  cccc c:c 1 2c ccc 
c c Incorrect:cThere is many reasons why I can't help you.c

c
c   ccc c(there iscchelp)cc cc(reasonscIccyou)c% c   c ccc c c(isccan't)c ccc(reasonscI)0c cc(you)c

c c  c cc c c 

cc c   c cc cc c  cc2c
cc

c c  c
 cccc c c c4 c, cc   c c 
 cc  cccc c 4 cc c   ccc cc

Correct:cThere are many reasons why I can't help you.c

c 5   why I can't help youccccc cc
 c  c, ccc  cc  ccccc cc c  c
 cccc c4 cc c c
cc c    c, cc   c  ccc cc c c  ccc cc c 4 c cc ccc cc  c c cc  2c c cc c
 c4 cc c cc c c cc c c  c c
 ccreasonsc c
 c4 c  cc
 c c cc c
 c carecc c

c

ccA quick summary of how to recognize subject-verb agreement errors. Look

c

for:c c4 cc c
 cc
 cc( c)c &

 cc  cmajoritycaudiencecfamilyAc 7 c
 cc4c  candcnorcneitherc  ccc  cdata?datumc & c  cc

c c4 / c  ccc
c c

c c

u-H. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: G



c

The phrase "the number" requires a singular verb. The phrase "a number" requires a plural verb.c The number of frogs in the pond is twice the number of fish.c a number of protestors are gathering outside the capitol building today.c , cc c  c
 c
ccc2 cccc c   ccccccc

cc  c c  c
 cc cc c

c

c The noun   
impact the verb in any way whatsoever, because "the number" and "a number" are the subjects of the sentence, not the nouns following them.c

u-I. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: 0 
   ½ 
u. The President of Costa Rica, along with two vice-presidents, are elected for a four-year term by the people.c a)c c  ccc/ c cc c

c b)c c  cc c

ccc/ c c c)cc  ccc/ c cc c

c d)c c  cc/ c cc c

c e)cc  cc/ c cc c

c


 c7  cc&c*c ccc /
  c c  ccc/ c cc c

c

c c c
   cc subject/verb agreement: 4 ? c
c Úalong with two vice-presidents¶ separates the noun 'the president of Costa Rica' (singular) from the verb Úare¶ (plural) c

c a)c c  ccc/ c cc c

c %4 c?c c  :cN½c(
  c?c )c b)c c  cc c

ccc/ c c %4 c?c c  :cN½c(
  c?c )c c)cc  ccc/ c cc c

c %4 c?c c  :cYE0c(
  c?c)c  c :c c d)c c  cc/ c cc c

cc %4 c?c c  :cN½c(
  c?c )cc

e)cc  cc/ c cc c

c %4 c?c c  :cYE0c(
  c?c)c  c :c& cc 6ccBc c Cc C) shows the correct subject-verb agreement; no additional errors are created.c

c

2.cThe Egyptian Museum in Cairo, which contains 120,000 objects from prehistoric times through the GrecoRoman period, are home to one of the most impressive collections of ancient Egyptian artifacts.c a)ccc" DDDDc4 cc
 c cc c  /*c
c c cc b)ccc" DDDDc4 cc
 c cc c  /*c
c c cc c)cc" DDDDc4 cc
 c cc c  /*c
c c cc d)cccc" DDDDc4 cc
 c cc c  /*c
c c cc e)cc" DDDDc4 cc
 c cc c  /*c
cc cc


 c
c! cc&ccc" DDDDc4 cc
 c cc c  / *c
c c cc cc cc
  c

cc c
cc

c c c
   cc subject/verb agreement:c4 ? c
c Úwhich contains 120,000 objects from prehistoric times through the Greco-Roman period¶ separates ÚThe Egyptian Museum in Cairo¶ (singular) from the verb Úare¶ (plural) c

c a)ccc" DDDDc4 cc
 c cc c  /*c
c c cc %4 c?c c  :cN½c( c?c )c b)ccc" DDDDc4 cc
 c cc c  /*c
c c cc %4 c?c c  :cN½c( c?c )c  c :cCcCc c)cc" DDDDc4 cc
 c cc c  /*c
c c cc %4 c?c c  :cN½c( c?c )c d)cccc" DDDDc4 cc
 c cc c  /*c
c c cc %4 c?c c  :cN½c( c?c )c e)cc" DDDDc4 cc
 c cc c  /*c
cc cc %4 c?c c  :cYE0c( c?c)c  c :c¦ c

E) shows the correct subject-verb agreement; no additional errors are created.c

c   a number of colorful glass vases were displayed in the store window.c a)c  c
 cc c cc b)cc
cc c cc c)cc
 cc c cc d)c
 cc c cc e)c  c c
 cc c cc c c cc  c c c  c
 cc c cc

c c c
   c subject/verb agreement:c.c,cc Úa number¶ always takes a plural verb Úthe number¶ always takes a singular verbc

c a)c  c
 cc c cc %4 ? c  :cYE0c(c ?c  )c  c :c c b)cc
cc c cc %4 ? c  :cN½c(c ?cc
)c  c :cB
Cc c)cc
 cc c cc %4 ? c  :cN½c(c ?cc
 )c d)c
 cc c cc %4 ? c  :cN½c
c   Neither of our school¶s students nominated for the national spelling bee were able to win the competition.c

a)c¦  ccc Cc c cc c c


c c  c b)c¦  ccc Cc c cc c c


c cc c)c¦  cc c ccc c cc c c


c c  c d)c¦  cc c c cc c c


c ccc c  c e)c¦  c ccc Cc ccc cc c c


c cc

c ¦  ccc Cc c cc c c


c c  c ccc c
c

c c c
    subject/verb agreement:c  ?  c ÚNeither¶ is always a singular subject and thus takes a singular verb. The original sentence uses Úwere,¶ which is plural.c

c a)c¦  ccc Cc c cc c c


c c  c %4 ? c  :cN½c(  ?  )c b)c¦  ccc Cc c cc c c


c cc %4 ? c  :cYE0c(  ?)c  c :c¦ c c)c¦  cc c ccc c cc c c


c c  c %4 ? c  :cN½c(  ?  )c d)c¦  cc c c cc c c


c ccc c  c %4 ? c  :cN½c(  ?  )c e)c¦  c ccc Cc ccc cc c c


c cc %4 ? c  :cYE0c(  ?  )c  c :c
c cc c   cccB  c CcBcCcc Ñ) shows the correct subject-verb agreement and is the most concise choice.c

c  Everybody at the party love the chocolate cake Shelley made.c a)c cc c
c  c c  c c%

c c b)c cc c
cc c c  c c%

c c c)c cc c
c  c c  c c%

c c d)c c  c c  c c%

c cc c
c e)c c  c c  c c%

c cc c
c

c  cc c
c  c c  c c%

c c

c c c
   csubject/verb agreement:c
 c? c ÚEverybody¶ is a singular subject and thus takes a singular verb Ú ove¶ is the plural formc

c a)c cc c
c  c c  c c%

c c %4 ? c  :cN½c(  ?  )c b)c cc c
cc c c  c c%

c c %4 ? c  :cYE0c(  ?c )c  c :cBc Cccc c)c cc c
c  c c  c c%

c c %4 ? c  :cYE0c(  ?  )c  c :c¦ c d)c c  c c  c c%

c cc c
c %4 ? c  :cN½c(  ?  )c e)c c  c c  c c%

c cc c
c %4 ? c  :cYE0c(  ?  )c  c :c ?c& cc 6c
 c
 cB c c%

c cc c
Ccc  c%

c c c c c ccc c
c C) correctly agrees subject and verb and is the most concise and clear choice.c

c

6. The public are receiving the new mayor well, though she was mostly unheard of prior to the election.c a)c
 c
 c c  c c cc

cc cc b)c
 c
 c   c c cc

cc cc c)c
 c
 cc  c c cc

cc cc d)c
 c
 cc  c c cc

cc cc e)c
 c
 c c  c c cc

cc cc

c
 c
 c c  c c cc

cc cc c cc
cc c c

c c c
    subject/verb agreement:c

 cc ÚPublic,¶ although made up of members functions as a singular group and thus takes a singular verb. Úare¶ is plural.c

c a)c
 c
 c c  c c cc

cc cc %4 ? c  :cN½c(
 ? )c b)c
 c
 c   c c cc

cc cc %4 ? c  :cN½c(
 ?   c
cc cc %4 ? c  :cYE0c(
 ?)c  c :c¦ c d)c
 c
 cc  c c cc

cc cc %4 ? c  :c+%c(
 ?)c  c :cB cc cCc
cc cc %4 ? c  :cN½c(
 ? )c  c :cB cc cCc
c

7.c^e don¶t yet know whom, but eventually either my brother or myself are going to take over the family business.c a)c  cc cc c ccc c c c c c b)c  cc cc c ccc c c c c c c)c  cc cc c

c ccc c c c c c d)c  cc cc cc c c c c e)c  cc cc cccc c c c c c

c , cCc cccc  

c  cc cc c ccc c c c c  c

c c c
   csubject/verb agreement:c?cc

If two subjects are joined by  or , the verb should agree with the subject that is closer to it. In this case, the verb Úare going¶ is plural, and the subject Úmyself¶ is singular.c

c a)c  cc cc c ccc c c c c c %4 c?c c  :cN½c( ?c )c b)c  cc cc c ccc c c c c c %4 c?c c  :cN½
c ccc c c c c c %4 c?c c  :cYE0c( c

c )c  c :cB

c cCcc   cc d)c  cc cc cc c c c c %4 c?c c  :cN½c/cc c/c ?c()cc e)c  cc cc cccc c c c c c %4 c?c c  :cYE0c( c?c)c  c :c c c E) correctly agrees subject with verb and remains a clear and well-written sentence.c

c

8.cNext to me on the bench sits two older women.c a)cc c ccc  c c b)cc c ccc  c c c)cc  c ccc c c d)ccc c cc  c c e)cc  c ccc c c

c ¦ cc cc c ccc  c c

c c c
    subject/verb agreement: 4 c?c c?c4 c In this sentence the verb: Úsits¶ precedes the subject: Útwo older women¶ Úthe bench¶ is the object of the sentence.c c c

c a)cc c ccc  c c %4 c?c c  :cN½c
c

2. Modifiers: x



c Modifiersc A. Introductionc 'c 4  cc  c &c 4  cc  cc%  c$ c -c!
 c! c c%
c. c c

Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that provide descriptive detail about other words, phrases, or clauses.c 4  c( c cc c

c )c c cc c c( cc )cc Adjectives modify nouns. Adverbs modify verbs or adjectives.c

c

c %  c  c  c
 cc c cc c!c
 cc c ccc  /c ccc  c 2 c c ccc  c
 c   c cc c  cc
cc4  cc c1 c c   c

c c cc c !
c
c
 c

c cc c  c
cc cccc 8 c  ccc cc  c !
c'cc   c    c
cc ccca 
?
 

 
  ?
      ? c ½ur list of common modifier errors, begins with adjectives and adverbs, and then considers phrases and clauses.c

2-Ñ. Modifiers: a 
  a  Errors in the Use of Adjectives and Adverbs.c
 cc
cc c ccc c c   cc cc 
 c cc  cc  c ccc c c cc cccc   c  ccccadjectivecccadverbcc "c

cadjectivec  cccc
cc c c cccc cc :cc c She is a good tennis player.c(,ccc c
 cc :)c This is an easy exercise. (,ccc   cc:)c

c

cadverbc  cc cc4  cc c cc c c c c   cccccc  :c She plays tennis well.c(% c
c:) This exercise is relatively easy.c(
cc  ccc :)cc

c ccc c cccc cc4  ccc cc c c!c c  c ccc/ cc c4  cccHe worked quickly.c

c c 5  c  c cc c 
ccc c 8 cc2 cc  c cc c Here's a list of common exceptions to study.c

cc Exceptions The following irregular adverbs do not end in ²ly.c Adjectivec ccAdverbc  c

cc  c( cc/ ccc c c4  )cc

cc cc cc

cc cc c cc 

c

c( c ccccc

c)cc cc   0c cc cc   0c c cc c cc c( c c c)c cc

 cc cc  c(  c c   )c cc  0cc cc  0cc cc

 c cc  c( cccccc

)cc cc  0cc cc  0cc cc

0c cc cc 0c cc cc c cc c cc  c cc  c cc 0c 0c c cc 0c 0c c cc  0c c cc  0c c cc   0c  0c  c cc   0c  0c  c(  c cc c  )c cc  0c  0c  c cc  0c  0c  c(  c c )c cc 0c 0c c cc 0c 0c c( c c cc c

ccccc 0c 0c c  c

0c  0c  c  0c 0c c

cc 0c 0c cc cc  c( ccc  c c
)c

cc c)cc cc 0c  0c  c(  c c cadjcccc c
cadv.c cc  0c 0c c( c c  

)cc

0c  0c  c cc 0c  0c  c 0c 0c  c 
0c
0c 
c cc

cc 0c 0c c(   c 0c c c )cc cc 
0c
0c
c(
c c )cc cc cc

cc cc cc cc cc cc

cc cc cc More Exceptions The following irregular adverbs do not end in ²ly.c c  c( c )c
 c( c  )c  c  c  c 

c( ccc cccccc

)cc

cc c

cc cc After you've identified the word as an adjective or adverb, the next step is to determine whether it is used correctly.c1cc c   c cc

She is a real good swimmer.c
c   ccc 
 cccccc c 
 cccc 4  c  c  ccc c  :c2ccc

c  c 2 c

c
c  c ' c c   cc
c

c c ccc c ccgoodc cswimmercGoodccc4  ccswimmercccc 4  ccccc c  c'c c ccrealc ccc c4  cgoodcealc cc4  cEcc c cc4  c

c cc c c4  crealcc c c4  cgoodcc
 ccc creallyc¦ c  c   creallyccrealcccE c cc Incorrect: She is a   good swimmer.c Correct: She is a   good swimmer.c Incorrect: The new student speaks .c Correct: The new student speaks .c
c   cc c 
 cccccc c 
 cccc cc c c c4  c cc ccc cc ccc cc cc c   c cc
cc ccc c c
c'c
ccc4  c/cc4  c cc c
   c c c c  c
 c c4  c
cc c c 
 c  cc c   c  c cccc  cc  c/ cc

2-C. Modifiers: a 
  a  Errors of Adjectives and Adverbs with 0ense Verbs.c
 c

c c  cadjectivec cc soundc

lookc

smellc

tastec

feelc

seemc

These verbs are all "sense verbs," or verbs that describe someone's sensation or feeling or perception.   c c c c  c4  cc c cc Incorrect: The strawberry shortcake tastes  c Correct: The strawberry shortcake tastes  .c %  c c c
 c
ccc

ccc   c4  c c
c c c cc
 c c c c cc cccc c  c c c c'  c c   c  c c cc c cc  cc c  c(c)ccc  c c   c c c c c cc c  c c c c  ccc

cc   ccccccccc When a sense verb is sandwiched between a noun and a modifier, the modifier should always agree with the noun. c % c  c c c c c cc
c' c 


c  cc  c4c  c  ccc 2c c c cc%  c  c c cc c 
 ccc

 cc c5  2ccc 
c after she returned from the three-week vacation, she looked very well.c 5cc c cc c  cc5 c c

:cc
 cc ccccc    ccc cc c c  cc ccc 0cc c c  c5 2c

cc

c7 cc:c'cccc:cc

c 1cc c c ccc
 cc c(well)c  c cc c(looked)c c c c  c c c'c c2ccc  cc cEc ccc  ccc(c
)ccc  cccc4c cccc

c % ccc
cc
c(cccc)c c cc4  c
c c c    c ccc
 cc
c c c

cc c4  ccc Incorrect: after she returned from the three-week vacation, she looked  3 .c

Correct: after she returned from the three-week vacation, she looked  .c

2-D. Modifiers: ÷ ÷?  Location of Modification ± Misplaced Modifiersc ,2cccc   :c Minally thinking clearly, the book was able to be understood by Rebecca.c
 c cc c   c c c cc*  c

c c cc c c  cc  c 'cc c c   cactuallyc:ccc c  c2

c cc  cc c
  cc  cc c   c cthe bookccRebeccac c4 cc c   cc cc c cc cc  cc  cc*  c
2ccEcccccc  :cEccc c c cc

c,c c:c c2

c 

c c c c4  cc cÑut modifiers can also be  of words ± known as adjectival or adverbial phrases or clauses ± that describe another part of the sentence. Like single-word adjectives and adverbs, these multiple-word modifiers must be placed as   to the word or group of words they're modifying. Those modifiers that fail to observe this rule are called "misplaced modifiers".c !
 c cc c c 
 c/cc c   ccc c !
c'  c cc c c   cmeansccc2c cccc
cc
  c c c c cc  c 
cc cc 1 2c ccc c 
c

c  cc c cc

 c  ccthe bookc cc c  c cc  cc c2cc cc  cc
  cc c   cc c
 cMinally thinking clearlycmustc   cc*  c'c c !
c2c cc cc c c   0c2c cc  cc cc ccc c cc c a modifier 
3     

 3
?  Thus, the modifier in this sentence 
be describing the book. 0o this sentence is misleading - and incorrect - because the modifier  
    is not immediately followed by what it is modifying: that is, !  .c
cc c 
c

½n arriving at the train station, his friends greeted Jay and took him immediately to his speaking engagement in Springfield.c  cc2c  ccc   cc ccc  c3c cc ccc cc c c ccc cccc
c   c
 cc  c c 2c cccc  cc c cc c c(c c4 c c )c c
 c  c c c c

c First find the modifying phrase: look for a descriptive group of words set off by a comma or commas. 5  c c c c
 cc c  cc½n arriving at the train stationc  c c c c  c c
ccc ccc?cc c cccc?cccc,cc cc ccc/c3ccc :c'  c c cc

 c  cc c
 chis friendsccc  c32c c cc cc3c c, cc3cc ccc c cc cc cc c   c2c  c c cc3c cc ccccc c   cccccc
cc
 cc
c c c½n arriving at the train stationcc ccJayc/c c
cc c cc cc  c Incorrect: ½n arriving at the train station, ? 


" and took him immediately to his speaking engagement in Springfield.c Correct:c½n arriving at the train station, "3


? , who immediately took him to his speaking engagement in Springfield.c !
 c c2c ccc c cc   canyc 
 c
 cc  ccc
  c
 c c3c c c cc
 cc  ccas close as possiblecc c ?c c c

c Descriptive phrases are not always set off by commas.c
  c
c c cc
 c c(  cc)c c c(  cc

)c  c c ccc
cc cc
 c  c
cc c
 c c2 cccc c  c c   c1cc c 
c c

0ounds Funny:cJoan's father,  ?   meat to vegetables, made a breakfast of eggs and bacon every morning. c Ñetter: Joan's father, 3 ?   meat to vegetables, made a breakfast of eggs and bacon every morning. c 0ounds Funny:c-our tea kettle,   a leak in the bottom, was thrown away last week.c Ñetter:c-our tea kettle, 3 a leak in the bottom, was thrown away last week.c ¦ c c  c ccccccc cc cc 
c  cc cc
 cc  cc
c(32c )c,cc cc cc
 cc  ccc ( c c  )c
cc c cc  ccc

 cc

c

c

ccDon't forget!

c

x
 is the possessive of 
, and 
 is the contraction of 
and.c
 cc  citsc
c It'scccc c

c c

2-E. Modifiers: 0 G 
  EA0Yc

u.cPreviously thought to have been extinct, a team of biologists rediscovered the New Caledonia crested gecko in 1994.c )cc cc c   c c¦ c& c  c cc"FF#c )cc cc cc"FF#c   c c¦ c& c  c c )cc"FF#c c¦ c& c  c cc   ccc cc c )cc"FF#cc cc c   c c¦ c& c  c c )c c¦ c& c  c cc   ccc cc cc"FF#c

cc Explanation:
c c c c
 c cPreviously thought to have been extinctc  cc  c¦ c& c  c c
c c cc  c
   cccccc  c()c cc( )cc(')c c c cc c   cc c c c

cc c  c c cc(&)cc(-)c c cccccc

c HADc 2. Erasmus's tomb lies inside the Basel Munster, located in Switzerland, an architectural monument which

having survived medieval earthquakes, and remains one of Switzerland's most well-known buildings to this day.c )c2cc  c c c' c! c  cc%8  cc  c cc c c   c  cc )c2cc  c c%8  2c' c! cc  c cc c    c  cc )c%8  2c' c! cc cc  cc c   c  c c 2cc )c
 c' c! cc%8  cc  c ccc c   c  ccc cc cccc )c
 cccc c c c%8  2c' c! ccc  c c c c   c  cc

cc Explanation:c
c c c
 c cc

cc cc cc c( )c
 c c c(an architectural monument«)c  c cSwitzerlandcccccc c c
 c cc

c cc c c c  cc
 c c c  cc  c  c4 cBasel Munsterc(&)c c cc c c c c cc c    ccc c' c! c c4 cc c   c cc2cc(-)c c c  ccc c   cccc c  candcc c cc c   c
c()cc   ccc  c ccbeingcccccc c(')c c c cc c c cc c ccc c cc c c   c

3. Parallelism: x



c Parallelismc A. Introductionc 'c1cc$ cc7

c&c &c1cc 4  cc  c -c&
c'  c! 
c7c c%
c. c c

"Parallelism" refers to sentences in which all items are described in the same format.c  c cc  c c c
c  ccc
 c


ccc
 c c
cc 0c  c  cc 
cc 8 cc c cc   c  cc c c
c2 c
 ccccc'ccc2cc
cc


c  cc cc c !
:c@c c  c cc
 c c4 / c  cc c
c
c c  c   c


cc ccc 8 c

c

ccHow to recognize a parallelism Parallelism is a rule of English grammar that demands consistency in a sentence's structurec c cc c
 c cc 
cc  c c c  cc
 c
c

c c cc c c cc% c 
c activities:crunning, biking, and hikingc places:c
 store,
 museum, and
 restaurantc ideas: how to read, how to write, and how to learnc descriptions: quickly, quietly, and happilyc ¦ c c c cc c c cactivitiesc

c cc<±ing0ccc  c cc cccthecandcca0c cideasc

c cchow to0c c descriptions  c

c ccIn each list, whatever grammatical form is applied to  item is applied to  items.c c c !
cc c
c
cc cc   c c

7

c c c c cccc cc c
cc


c  cc

c c c c
 2 cc 2 c 

c
 cc 2 cvery clearlyc


cc
c  cc  c
ccccccc   c c   cc c
c
cc c  ccccc
 cc
cc
cc ccc c,c


cccc   c c
ccc   ccc c cc c ccc


c  cc c  c@c 
c  c ccc cc c c ccc c c
ccc  cc
  cc c
ccc   c c  c
c cc
cc c c c cc


c  c& c c   c3 cccc  c  c cccc cc c  c
  c c c cc c cc cc3 cc cc
 c  cc c  cc cc


c  c eatingcc

c runningcc to walk c

c c


c c


c

c cc c  ccc c ccc  cc ccc c5  2c  c c c eatingcc runningcc

c c

walkingcc

c The   
of parallelism is easy to master - but   #  a parallelism question is more difficult.


c c

ccccccc

3-Ñ. Parallelism:  
?  o $ 

  All elements in a list ± whether it's a list of nouns, of infinitives, of gerunds, of prepositional phrases, or of clauses - should be in similar form. "0imilar form" means that all of the items in the list must agree. c c c2

c c cc cc c cccc cc c ccc cc c    cc c call threec cc c Patty ate macaroons, drank soda and was dancing the tango.c
ccc cc c
c c c  cc7c7

c cc

c  cc7ccc c  cc c ccc c

c cc7cc c c

c cc  c   cc cc  cc c-c :c

c
cc  c c ccc c   c
 c cc ccc cc c   cc c c
c
c  c c(ateccdrank)cc c c
c
  c c(was dancing)c '  c c c c
 c  ccc ccc c c
 c c c

ccc

c
c c  c c c c
c
  c cwas dancingcc c
c
c   cdancedcccc ccc  c  c c c cc c cateccdrankc
c    cc c

c


c Incorrect: Patty 
macaroons,   soda and 3   the tango.c Correct: Patty 
macaroons,   soda and    the tango.c Here's another example using a list of gerunds:c Incorrect: all business students should learn 3  , 
 , and 3
 computers.c Correct: all business students should learn 3  , 
 , and 
 .c


 c cc
cc c cc
c  c c cc c c c  cc c/ ccc +2

c c c cc cc c !
c c"to ___"c c(c cc cc ccccA)c ,c cc c
c c

 c cccc  cconlyc  c cc cc c cc   ceveryc cc c c@c 
c Correct: He likes
 swim,
 sail, and
 dance.c Correct: He likes
 swim, sail, and dance.c Incorrect: He likes
 swim, sail, and
 dance. c
 ccc   c c 

c
 cc
 cc   cc c  cc c  0c c c cctocswimc sailcc ccctocdancec
c  c c c 2 c

ccc

c

ccList of infinitives: ½ptionsc

c

To ______________, ______________, and ______________. To ______________, to ______________, and to ______________.c
 c

c c cc c

 cccccccc  c  c c ccc  c

c(in, on, by, with)c c(the, a, an)c
c c(had, has, would)cc
  c(his, her, our)c c
c  cc  c  c  ccc  cc  cc c  c cc c c  c  c c cc


c c

Here is a full list of possible parallel constructions, and examples of each:c

Nounsc  c c c

Adjectivesc  c   c c

Nouns with Adjective Modifiers  c

c c c

Verbsc   c   c   cc

Participial Phrases  cc  c  cc c

Adverbs   c  c

Adverbial Phrases cc c c

Infinitivesc
cc  ccc  cc c orcc c
cc c ccc c cc c

c 3-C. Parallelism:  
?  o $ 

 

ust like how verbs, adverbs or adjectives in a list must agree. Descriptive words are easy to replace with wordy phrases, and test writers will try to trip you up by including a verb or phrase among a list of adjectives or adverbs: ½n the morning of his fourth birthday, Johnny was giggly, energetic, and couldn't wait for the party to begin.c cc cc c   c cccc
 c5  c c c  c c cc  2c c c

c
c cc cc cc4  c cc c cc cc c c2ccc4  c2cc 6c
 c cc4  c2c c
 c c c c c

cc
cc c cc

c
c 
c
 c c c
 ccouldn't waitcc c 
 c
 cvery eagercEcc c   cc4  c ,cc cc ctype c

cc ccc Incorrect: ½n the morning of his fourth birthday, Johnny was , 
 and  
3
for the party to begin.c Correct: ½n the morning of his fourth birthday, Johnny was , 
 and     for the party to begin.c

c

3-D. Parallelism:  
?  o $ 

  0ometimes, you'll come across sentences with multiple pronouns. In many cases, parallelism requires that the pronouns be identical.c Incorrect:  3exercise in addition to maintaining a healthy diet are likely to be in better health than
   3 maintain a healthy diet but don't exercise.c Correct:  3exercise in addition to maintaining a healthy diet are likely to be in better health than


 3 maintain a healthy diet but don't exercise. c c cc   c c
cthose whocc cc
cc c   cc cc c
 c c

ccc c c
cc c   c¦ ccc  cc  cc c c  c   cc 1cc c   c c If one decides to break the law, they must be willing to take responsibility for any repercussions.c
c   ccc
c-c c:c

c

c , cc cconeccc
c  ccc
 c
c c c
 ccconec
 cc   c ctheyc ccc c
 c c c

 cc c
cyouc c 2c cc  ccc
 c
c
 c !
c cc
  c cc c cconeccyouc c c c   cc c c   c Incorrect: If  decides to break the law,  must be willing to take responsibility for any repercussions.c Correct:cIf  decides to break the law,  must be willing to take responsibility for any repercussions.c Correct:cIf  decide to break the law,  must be willing to take responsibility for any repercussions.c 'cc  c c c cc Ñe consistent: use whichever pronoun you choose all the way through.c

c

ccFinal tips on recognizing a parallelism

c

Look for:c 1c &  cc
 c
 ccc &
cc 
c
c c

3-E. Parallelism: 0 G 
  EA0Yc

u.cSome of the many renovations set for Memorial Mield in the coming years include building additional seating, improving safety, and the construction of a new varsity athletics center.c ( )cc cccc cc c  c (')cccc cc c  c (&)cc c cccc cc c  c (-)ccc cc c  c ()ccc cc c  c cc

cc
c c c


c

c ccc cc c


c c cc cc c cc 

c
 c c cc( )ccc


cthe constructionc cccbuilding additional seatingccimproving safetyc
 c c cc c ccconstructingcc ccc c
  c  cbuildingccimprovingc  c(')c cc c c c HADc 2. Richard is not only a terrific pianist, but also great at playing hockey. c a) Richard is not only a terrific pianist, but also great at playing hockey. b) Richard not only is a terrific pianist, but also is great at playing hockey. c) Not only great at playing hockey, Richard also is a terrific pianist. d) Richard is not only a terrific pianist, but also a great hockey player. e) also great at playing hockey, Richard is a terrific pianist.c c c
c c c


cNot only«but alsoccc cc


c ccccc  c
 cc cc c c cca terrific pianistc cccgreat at playing hockeyc  cpianistcccccplaying hockeyccc ?c,c cca terrific pianistcca great hockey playerc  c(-)c cccc   c


cc

cc 3. The philosophical doctrine of Incompatibility posits an inherent irreconcilability among the doctrine of Determinism, in philosophy, which holds that each state of affairs is necessitated by the states of affairs that preceded it and the existence of free will.c A. among the doctrine of Determinism, in philosophy, which holds that each state of affairs is necessitated by the states of affairs that preceded it and the existence of free will Ñ. between the doctrine of Determinism, holding each state of affairs as necessitated by the states of affairs that preceded it, and the existence of free will

C. in the doctrine of Determinism, which in philosophy holds the idea that each state of affairs is necessitated by the states of affairs preceding, and free will's existence D. between the doctrine of Determinism, which holds that each state of affairs is necessitated by the states of affairs preceding it, and the existence of free will E. among the doctrine of Determinism, which holds that each state of affairs may be necessitated by the states of affairs preceding it, and free will existingc c
c c c c


ccc c'  c c/   c
cc c    c   c c cc
 
c c cc&cc
cin philosophyc c  ccc'cccc

 cc c c 
cc-  cc cc holding ' ccwhich holdsc c'c
 cc
 cholds the ideacc-  c& c c ccc


c(which holdsccexisting)c& c cccc&c c c cc  c  c cirreconcilabilityc  c ctwocc cc22c( cc cc)cc   cc 
 
3cc 0cirreconcilabilityc2c( c&)cc cc

0cc c c irreconcilabilityc  c& c-ccc cccc ccc c c c
 c  cc-cc

4. Pronoun Agreement: x



c Pronoun Agreement c A. Introductionc 'c%4 cc 4 c &c,cc,c -c% cc7  c7c c7  c7cc @c 4 ccto bec c c*  c7cc 5c%
c. cc c

Pronouns stand in for nouns in a sentence.c, c
ccc(!c c   c c)c cc
c( c c)c c
ccc ccc ccc ccc c  c c  cc c Number:c ccc c  c c( )cc
 c( cc )cc c
cc  cc @c 
cMatt went to the store.c'  c!cc c( c
)c c c
c c chec ccHe went to the storecccThey went to the storec
 c
ctheyc c c


 c cc  cc c
c  ccc c c@c 
 The students went to the storec c cc They went to the storec  c  cc cc c
c Gender:c
c  cc  c ccc  cc  c
 c
cc  cc@c 
cMatt went to the storec c c  ccHe went to the storecccShe went to the storec   c!cc c Case:c9
ccc  c ccc c4 cc4 cc c   cc c c


 c


c
 c4 cc c   cc ccccc ccc c   cMatt went to the storec!cc c
ccc
 cMattcchecHe went to the storec
 c4 cc c   cc  cc  c cc
 c c   cThe ball struck Matt in the armccc c!cc c c  cc   c c c4  c
c()cThe ball struck him in the arm.c cc '  c
c

c c c  c ccccc
cc c cccccc 
 The first step in tackling a pronoun question is to locate and identify the pronouns in the sentence.c

c

0imple Pronouns c %4 c

4 c

Possessivesc  cc 4  c

 cc 7c

c

 c

c

 c

c

c

c

c

 c

c

c

c

 c

 c

 c

 c

c

c

c

c

 c

c

c

c

 c

 c

 c

 c

  c

  c

  2c

  2c c

cc

4-Ñ. Pronoun Agreement: 0 
½ 
½nce you've found a pronoun in a 0entence Correction question, check whether it's acting as the 0UÑECT or the ½ÑECT of the sentence or phrase. Is the following sentence correct or incorrect? How could she blame you and he for the accident?c
 cc
ccc c c
()c
  c c ccc   c ccc c

c ¦ ccc  c  c c
cccccsubjectccobjectc5  cshecc c4 cc c
cyoucchec ccc c4 cc c   c

c 5cc cc:c'  csheccc cc( )ccyoucchec c  cc( c   )c5  chec cc cc cc c cc*  cc ccc c
 c cc c c

c cc c c,cc c  :ccchimcchec(,cc c  :c% c   chim)c

c 'c
ccc4 cc cc c4  c 0cc cc c
c chimcc 4  cEc che,c cc cc   cc4  cc   c c Incorrect: How could she blame you and  for the accident?c Correct: How could she blame you and  for the accident?c

Let's look at another example:c Incorrect:c  was better suited for the job.c Correct: 0 was better suited for the job.c 5  c c
cc c4 cc c   ccthe jobcc  cc c4 cc  c cc c cc c   c'  c c
cccc cc( c)c c
c c  c csubjectccc c ? c
cc cc cc c c Now let's look at a case that often causes confusion:c John and me drank a bottle of wine.c '  c2c cc cc
 c  ccc c cc

c c c
cc c
 c   c  cc ?cc c  c'c2c

c c cc   c cc c cc  cc cccc  cc c  c  cc ?c
 c 
c c
c

c

! ccc cc cc  c /
cc c

c
cc  cc Incorrect:cJohn and  drank a bottle of wine.c Correct: John and x drank a bottle of wine.c Let's try it again on the following sentence:c The dinner was eaten by John and I.c Perform the test:c The dinner was eaten by John and I. V or The dinner was eaten by John and me. Vc
 c c   cc

c c(? cccc c4 )cc c

c
cc c
c cccc cc c
ccc c cc c 8 c c 4 ?4 c
ccc Incorrect:cThe dinner was eaten by John and x .c Correct: The dinner was eaten by John and  .c

4-C. Pronoun Agreement:  2If the pronoun is acting as a subject, use 3. If it is acting as an object, use 3. c I don't know 3 Kate married.c ,ccc :c'  c9 cc c4 ccc   c
cc  cccc c c c  took out the trash.c

+c 2ccccc ccc c
cc c c   ccc ccc c
c cccc4 c
cwhocc c

4-D. Pronoun Agreement: 0  oo   Pronouns also act like nouns in the realm of verb agreement. For some pronoun questions, you also need to check if the pronoun and its verb agree in number.

cc c

cc

All of the following pronouns are  :c  cc  c   c c

c These are %c cc c c

c   c c c   c

c

c  c c   c

   c  c

 c

c

& c  cc   c Incorrect:cEveryone on the project  to come to the meeting.c Correct: Everyone on the project to come to the meeting.c *  cc cc c2

c cc c
ceveryonecc cc cc   c c  cc

chascc cchavec Incorrect:cNeither his bodyguards nor he 33  there. (was c 6)c Correct: Neither he nor his bodyguards 3  there.c c  ccc   c ccc
 c cc  ccc  cc c c  c ccc c cccc  cc c c(c  cceitherccneitherc c 

cc
cc

cc4)
cwerecc cc cc   c  checc  c
cc  cc c ccbodyguardscc
 c0ccwerecc cc c c    c  c c cc c4 cc   ccc c
 ccbodyguardscc  cc c  cc

4-E. Pronoun Agreement: o  o  

, cc cc
  c
cccyoursctheirschiscchersc cc c  c c  cc c
cc c   cMost possessive pronouns are used messily in spoken language, so be careful to take special note when you see two pronouns in a sentence. c Incorrect:cI brought my beer, and I'm glad to see that some of you brought
 .c Correct:cI brought my beer, and I'm glad to see that some of you brought . c cc   c c
  c
cc c cc c   c cc c
c 

c% cc'  c c   c
ccyouc c
  c
cc cyourscctheirsc Theirsc c c c cc c  c cand I'm glad to see that some of them broughtc Incorrect:cIf anyone comes over to take your name, you take
 .c Correct: If anyone comes over to take your name, you take  .c
 c4 ccanyoneccc ccc   c  cc c
ccchiscc hersc
c cc  cc  cc c cc
  c  0c ccchisc chersc

c

c c4cctheirsc ccc c  cc 

c ccchiscchersc c c
 c

4-F. Pronoun Agreement: ½ 
?to be   Very simple: objects of
 verbs are in the subject form. ,cc
c

cc c c cc c c cccc c c cccc c c c cc4 cc
c c c ccc
0cc2c cc c Incorrect:cIt must have been   who called.c Correct:cIt must have been  who called.c cc c cccc c cc c
cc cc4 ccsheccherc

4-G. Pronoun Agreement: ! 
 o   &

and 3 are relative pronouns. A relative pronoun must refer to the word immediately preceding it. c c cc c   cc c c
ccc cc
cc ^hichc c/   c  0cthatc c   c   ^hoc  cc 0cthat   ccc
cc
c c
c
 cc cc cc Incorrect:cJohn was met at the door by a strange man, which he, being afraid, opened slowly.c -c3c
 the man:c7 cc
c   cc  cccc cc c  c c4c c
  cc ccc c   c

Correct:cJohn was met by a strange man at the door, which he opened slowly out of fear.c 2cc cc3cc
ccc c c !
c c
c cccc c
ccc cc
c

c
 c
c c c

 c cc c 
 c
  c
cYou may have heard that using "you" is less proper than using "one," but on the GMAT, all that matters is that the pronouns 

c
c

ccA summary of how to recognize pronoun errors.

c

Look for:c %4 cc4 c
c ,ccc 7c  c *  c
cc c

cc

4-H. Pronoun Agreement: ! 
 o   EA0Yc

u. The choir sang passionately, as they moved through elaborate and challenging four-part harmonies.c )cc c cc  cc

c/
c c )cc c  ccc  cc

c/
c c )cc   cc  cc

c/
c c )ccc cc  cc

c/
c c

)cc  cc

c/
c c

Explanation:c
c c c
c  c
 c   cc( )cc c  c   cThe choircc c
ccc c
ccc  c cccc
cccc c c4 c
c c
c  cche choirc c c c cTheycc
 c(')c c theycc(&)c cthemselvesCc
c  cc c()c c c cc c   cc  cccc c  cc  cc c c  c(-)c c c
citcc c c c c4 cthe choirc

HADc 2. Marston was an early seventeenth century dramatist and it is likely that him and Shakespeare borrowed ideas from one another.c )ccc  cccc% 
 c c cc c c )ccc  cc c c cc c c )ccc  cccc% 
 c c cc c c )ccc  cc cc% 
 c c cc c c )ccc  cc cc% 
 c c cc c c Explanation:
c c c
c  c
 c
chimcc c c   c
 c Marstoncccc cc c cc c4  c c c
c c cc c4  c c  c!cc c4 cc c   c
   c()cc c c4  c
checc c (')ccc  cctheycc4  cc  cc cc% 
 cc c    cc c
cc

5. Verb Time 0equences: x



c Verb Time 0equencesc A. Introductionc 'c$ c
 cc &c!c -c$ c c%
c. cc c

c ! c c cc   c
cc c c  c
cc c !
cHere is a detailed primer on tense:c A. Timec 
 c

cc c
ccc 2c  c c3 c cc
 cc c cc
 c ccc  cc c
 cc cpastc cpresentcc cfuturec u. Presentc

$ cc cpresent tensec cccccc
 c
 3cc c
  c c c 7  c  c cc c cc cc cccc
 ccc I  happy right now.c 5  c c
  c  c camc c c

ccc c
 cc

ccc
  c cc c I  a happy person.c cc   c c
  c  c camc ccc c c
 ccgenerallycc

c
cccc cc cc ccc

 c I 
 Greek for two hours every day.c 5  c c
  c  c cstudyc cc
 cc c
 c c ccc  cc 7  c  c c c ccc c  c(   )ccc c ccccc  ccc c ccc 
c c
  c  cwalkcc c cto walkc c
  c  ctalkcc c cto talkcc c
  c  ceatcc c to eatcc

c 2. Pastc $ cc cpast tensec ccccc
 cc c
cccc c
ccc c
  c cc -esterday, I 3  to the store.c 5  c c
c  c cwalkedc ccccc
 c  cccc  c

c 7c  c c c

c cccc±ed c c  c(c
  c  )ccc c c c 
ctalkc  ctalkedcwalkc  cwalked and balkc  cbalkedc(  c ccc c ccc c cc cc c c0ccc c cc  cc ccc  cc )c

c 3. Futurec $ cc cfuture tensec cccc c
 cc c cccc c
c?
c c
  c cc Tomorrow, I 3 
dinner with friends.c 5  c c c  c cwill eat  ccccwillcccc
cc @ c  c c c

c cccwillccshallcc c  c(c
  c  )ccc c  cc 
ctalkc  cwill talkccshall talkcwalkc  cwill walk  shall walkceatc   will eat  shall eatc

cc

Ñ. Aspectc cccc  2c
 cc c ccc c cc c c  c cccc cc c 
c  c c  2c
ccc
cc c  c

c  c cc c
:cccc cc

cc c
cc

c

:cc

cc

cc  cc

cc c cc c  c :cc cc

c  cc ccc  :cc cc  c(
c
  c )cccperfectcprogressiveccperfect progressivecc "c
 cperfectcc ccccc
 c Past Perfectcc cc  c  cc ccc
 cc c
c  c c  cc c
 c
c
 cc ccchadcc c
c

ccc c cc

c cc -edc By the time Michael arrived, the party   c Present Perfect c cc  c  cc cc  c cc c
c
 c
  c
 cc  cccwasccwerecc c
c

ccc

c c ±edcc I   the game.c Future Perfect c cc  c  cc cc

c cc c
cc c c  c  c  ccc
 c c
 cc cccwill havecc c
c

ccc 

c cc±edcc Michael is always late. By the time he arrives tonight, the party 3   c

c
 cprogressivecc cccccc Past Progressivecc cc  cc  cccccc cc c  ccc  c
 c
c
  cc cccwasccwerecc ccc c cc cc±ingcc ^e 3   basketball when the car smashed through the gate.c Present Progressivecc cc  cc  ccccc

c  cc c c c    cc c
 c
  c
  cc cccamcisccarecc ccc c cc cc±ingc ^e   
  dinner right now.c Future Progressivecc cc  cc  cccc

ccc c cc

c cc 

ccc   c
cc c
 c c
  cc cccwill beccshall becc c cc c cc cc±ingc Mor the next several months, Michelle 3 
   through Europe.c ;c
 cperfect progressivecc ccccccc

c c
 cc c  c  c I  


 c cc

5-Ñ. Verb Time 0equences:  

c Verb tenses exist in order to allow us to specify 
3

 
 some event occurred
c

:ccc

ccc

cc

cc c :c '  ccc  c  c c !
c c c c   c
 cc   c   c  ccc c   c
 c c  c(c  )c c c   ccc cc 5  2cc 
ccc  c
c c  c ccc c Incorrect:cafter he had finished his performance, he 3 to the party.c Correct: after he had finished his performance, he 3
to the party. c ,cc c c   c :c'  c c cc  cc

c  c'c  cEc c
 cc c
cEc

 cc c
cc c
 c

 ccc c
c  c
cc c c cc c
c  chad finishedcc
c
 cc cc c
 c

 ccc cwentcc
c
c
 c c   c
 cc c
 c

 concecc c
cccc /
 c
c  cccEc c 2c cc  c 5  2c c 
c If the cyclist wins the race, it will be representing an extraordinary comeback from his earlier cancer.c
c   c  cc   cc c 2c ccccc c
c c

c
 cc  cc c cc c   c cc
  cc   c ccif...then...cc
ccc   c  cc c
 c  c cc c
c c  c cc c  ccc

c

c

concecc c cc c c

c cc  2c  cc

c ckeep happening.c5  c  c c
 c  ccc c ccc c
c c Incorrect:cIf the cyclist wins the race, it 3   
  an extraordinary comeback from his earlier cancer.c Correct: If the cyclist wins the race, it 3  
an extraordinary comeback from his earlier cancer.c ,cc c c   c :c'  cc
 c cc c cccc c   c c cccrepresent his comebackc c
c
c
c   c  c c ccc   c cc c

c  c
c c  ccc c cc ccc cc c c  c cc ccc  c
cc c  c  c  c cprior toc c cccafterc c c0ccat the same timecc c c  c c
 c9
ccccccc  c c cc c c c c c c,c

 cc :c,c c  c 

:c
cc c cc c
 c cc   c3 c c  cc
 cc

c cccwhat verb formc 
cc c c   c2 c  c
c  ccc  cc c   cc

ccccc c/c2c c
ccc cc

c c

ccTips for recognizing verb tense errors:c

c

u. Watch for ±ing forms.



c<cc c cc4c cc c !
0cc

c c c  cc  c   c cc c cc c cc c c 2. Watch for time sequences. ' c cc c

 cc   c cc c  cc   c  cc

c(c

 )cc  c
cc c7c c cc c  cc c   cc   c c cc  c  cc c c  c c

c

5-C. Verb Time 0equences: ÷

c c! c c!c  c c ccc ccc c 
  ccc cc  c c 
ccc c
 ccc5 c  c  ccc cc 3
  c


c
 c c
 cc cc  c  c  cc c c c  cccIndicative, Imperative, and 0ubjunctive.c u.Indicative Moodc cccccc ccc
 c cccc cc c c

cc Harry spends all of his money on comic books.c Cc
c  any statement related to a claim of fact is in the indicative mood.c!ccc   cccc  c5c

c
c

ccc ccc0c

cc ccc c c  ccc cccc ccc How does Harry spend all of his money?c c c cc ccHarry spends all of his money on«c cc cc c cccc  cc c c c  cc c
 c   c  c cc c 2. Imperative Moodc 
  ccc  cc
cc Spend all of your money on comic books!cc Paul, please try to spend your money on something worthwhile.c Stop spending all of your money, boy.c c   c  c

 cc  ccc c
 cc

cc c cc c cc  c c
c
 cc  cc c c  c c
 c
  cc  c
cc  cccc c c
 

c 8 cc c( cccccc cc)c 3. The 0ubjunctive Moodcc c  cc 
 c c
 Cc cc c  cc c cc ccccc
  cc
cc a  
  
 ccc ccccc
 cccGod help himcbe that as it mac come what mayccsuffice it to saycc cccc  c cc cccc 
 c  cc  c ^e demand that Paul stop spending all of his money on comic books. It is necessary that Paul stop this behavior.c Ñ 
  
 cc  c

c c  c4 c cwerecc c c4 cc cccc c c
c  cc

c  ccc c  cccc c cc 
 c
  cc

If Paul were not spending all of his money, he would not be happy. I wish Paul were not spending his money so recklessly.c c These constructions might ring a bit funny and archaic to the ear, but, when used properly, express subtleties of situation and condition that can sometimes be lost when the indicative is used.c

5-D. Verb Time 0equences: 

Transitive verbs possess a voice that describes the relationship between the subject and the action

of the verb.c $ cc cactive voicec
 c ccc ccc c4 c cc c
ccccc c 
ccc c4 c
c
  c c   ccc cc c c c andy throws the baton.c The octogenarian plays the harpcc
 c
 cc cE cc c cE c c4 cc c   cc cc  c
E ccc c
E c c4 c
 ccc   cc cpassive voicec
 c
 c4 ccc c
c  c c4 c c ccc ccc

 c
 c ccccc  cc c   c    cc The baton was thrown (by andy)c The harp was played (by the octogenarian). c egular use of the passive voice without a specific contextual cause is awkward, wordy, and unnecessarily, well, passive.c

5-E. Verb Time 0equences: 0 G 
  u. £alerie recalls her college years with such nostalgia that she often lost herself in reminiscence.c A.  c c c  cc   cc Ñ.c c cc c  cc   cc C.  c c  c  cc   c D.c c c

c c c  cc   c E.c c c

c c c  cc   cc

c £alerie recalls her college years with such nostalgia that she often lost herself in reminiscence.c

c c c
    verb tense recallsc c
cccc c
  c
c$   2c

 c cc
 cc c
c c    c ccc   c  c  cc   c(
  c  )c

c A.  c c c  cc   cc Proper tense?cN½c(
)cc Ñ.c c cc c  cc   cc Proper tense?cN½c(
/
 )cc C.  c c  c  cc   c Proper tense?cYE0c(
  )cc D.c c c

c c c  cc   c Proper tense?cN½c( )cc E.c c c

c c c  cc   cc Proper tense?cN½c( c
 )cc (&)cc c c cc c c c  c c cc cccc  c c c/   c
cc c   cc

c 2. Before it will be made available to the public, the painting was sold to a private collector and is currently on hold at the auction house awaiting pick-up.c A. '  cc

c c c  cc c
 cc Ñ.c'  ccc c c  cc c
 cc C. '  cc c c c c  cc c
 c D.c'  ccc c c  cc c
 c E.c'  ccc c  cc c
 cc

c Before it will be made available to the public, the painting was sold to a private collector and is currently on hold at the auction house awaiting pick-up.c

c c c
    verb tense
 c   c
cc c   ccc cc  c, c c c
cc
  cc cc c
c cc c c  cc c
 c  ccc ccc
 c

c   c c
 cc ccc ccc, c cc c c c
 c The correct sequence of events is this: u) % ccc
 c

 2)c5
 

c c c c  cc c
 c 3)c c ccc c

c A. '  cc

c c c  cc c
 cc Proper tense? N½ ( c
  )cc Ñ.c'  ccc c c  cc c
 cc Proper tense? N½ (
  )cc C. '  cc c c c c  cc c
 c Proper tense? YE0 (
c
  )cc D.c'  ccc c c  cc c
 c Proper tense? N½ (
)cc E.c'  ccc c  cc c
 cc Proper tense? N½ (
)cc (&)cc c c cc c c c  cc c
cc
  ccc c
ccc  c c  cc c   c c
cc c
 cc( cc c
)cc c 3. In 79 CE, when £esuvius erupted, the £illa of the Papyri was being covered in 90 feet of volcanic ash, and was preserved as the sole library of antiquity.c A. c c  ccFDc cc cccc
   cc Ñ.cc  ccFDc cc cccc
   cc C. c  ccFDc cc cccc c
   c D.cc c  ccFDc cc cccc
   c E.cc  ccFDc cc cccc
   cc

c In 79 CE, when £esuvius erupted, the £illa of the Papyri was being covered in 90 feet of volcanic ash, and was preserved as the sole library of antiquity.c

c c c
    verb tense
 c cc c   c c
cccwhen £esuvius eruptedc
c cc c cc c    cccc

ccc

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c% c c 
c

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c cc cc c
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c

c A. c c  ccFDc cc cccc
   cc Proper tense? N½ (
c
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c
  c cc c  cc c cc  c   cwas preservedc c cc c cc c
c
  cccccc

Ñ.cc  ccFDc cc cccwas preserved c Proper tense? YE0 (
)c Additional errors? N½NEcc C. c  ccFDc cc cccc c
   c Proper tense? YE0 (
)c Additional errors? YE0 2had been preserved2c(
c
 )cc D.cc c  ccFDc cc cccc
   c Proper tense? N½ (
/
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  )cc (')c  cc c
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c 4. c ccc  cc c  c c c cc 0c cc  cc c9/
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c c ccc  cc c  c c c cc 0c cc  cc c9/
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c c c
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ccc  chave beenc cc c'  c c   c  chave beenc c
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cc Proper tense? N½ (
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cc Proper tense? YE0 (
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cc
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ccc Proper tense? N½ (
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)cc A) uses the past tense throughout the description of the K-T extinction. It is the most clear, and therefore, the best choice. c

cc

6. Comparisons: x



c Comparisonsc A. Introductionc 'c&
cc7

c &c&
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You should only compare things that can be logically compared. Faulty or nonsensical comparisons account for a significant number of the errors in GMAT 0entence Correction questions. !cc  c c  ccc c
c
cyou can't compare apples to oranges.c+c c  c  c   cc
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cc

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c  cc ccc
 

c c
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c 
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c
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c c2c c4 cc c c  c  cc cc cc c cccccc 2cccc c !
c+c cc c  c c   c

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c
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c c  c c c cccc
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c c c()c  cc c c()cc c  c
c Incorrect:cThe view from this apartment is not nearly as spectacular as from that mountain lodge.c Correct: The view from this apartment is not nearly as spectacular as the one from that mountain lodge.c Correct: The view from this apartment is not nearly as spectacular as the view from that mountain lodge. c 1 2c cc c 
c Shakespeare's plays are different from any other playwrights of his era because they exhibit an exceptional mastery of verse.c  cc c   ccccc

c
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c 5cc cc:c, cc c c   c  cc cc c ccc c c  cc c
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ccYou should look out for key comparison words, such as:c

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cc cc

c  cc  cc

c


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c

&
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c
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c ccmuch as, more than, less than, just like, as,c that ofc

6-Ñ. Comparisons: $ o  Comparisons are a special case of parallelism.c c cc
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ccc c c 
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cc
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c c   cEither drinking or to eat will do   c c  ccc cc

c
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c

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c  c ccc cc  ? c
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 history nor
  
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 history nor   
 in a foreign language is going to help you learn to sing.c cc

6-C. Comparisons: $
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c ccc±ercc c cc cchapp csoft cfast ctall c

c 0uperlative: c  c c
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c 0pecial rules apply for irregular forms.c' ccc cc c4  cc c  c
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good better / bestc

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little little, lesser, less / leastc

much more / mostc

far farther, further / farthest, furthestc

c 6-D. Comparisons: 0 G 
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u. Even though he does not like crowds, John still likes New -ork City more than Sybil.c )c3c

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7. Idioms: x



c Idiomsc A. Introductionc 'c1ccc &c%
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Idioms are not hard and fast rules of grammar.c c 2 c  chabitsccpreferencescc c   c cc c c  c cc cc
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7. Idioms:  
?x ccÑoldc cc c ccc c !
cc

A

cc

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The company has access to large capital reserves.c

cc c c   cc

The poison pill in the contract acts as a preventative measure against hostile takeovers.



cc

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as...asc

Chocolate tastes as good as ice cream.c

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He associates beer with potato chips.c

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The poor first quarter results are attributed to the restructuring.c

c 
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The CE½ has a fiduciary responsibility to all shareholders.c

c  cc

The recent Nasdaq decline is a result of higher interest rates.c

c   cc

The Sumerian text was a sequence of incomprehensible symbols.c

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The Teamsters do not agree with the Republicans on many issues.c

amongc

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cc?c  cc

The new software is as good as or better than anything on the market. c

c cc

The new house looks as great as I had hoped.c

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The emergency room doctor attended to the injured victim.c

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^e attribute the results to the new management.c

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The extinction of the dinosaurs has been attributed to an

He was acclaimed as a brilliant director. c

asteroid collision.c

c Ñ

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The results are based on a comprehensive ten year study.c

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He will begin to study twelve hours before the test.c

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after seeing the flying saucer, I believe UM½s to be a real phenomenonc

betweenc

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c C

cc

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How much do business schools care about your score? c

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The GMaT centers on the knowledge of basic math and writing/reading skills.c

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The number of students who choose to go to business school has increased in the last ten years.c

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-our grades are not consistent with your abysmal GMaT scores.c

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He contends that the GMaT has a cultural bias.c

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How important do you consider the test?c

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If you continue to study, you will succeed.c

c cc'c

If you contrast a with B, you can see the difference.c

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-ou may convert muscle to fat if you study too much. c

compare A to Ñc

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compare A with Ñc

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ccHcc

He counts on management support.c

concerned withc

They are concerned with investor relations more than actual profitability.c

cc

^hen you work at a new company, you should try to conform to its corporate culture.c

c D

cc

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^e decided to continue.c

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^e decided on the new format.c


cc

The global economy depends on improving productivity.c

different fromc

The CaT is very different from the paper and pencil GMaT.c

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Many students find the CaT difficult to take.c

c  cGc c+c

Distinguish between domestic and international production. c

cGcc+c

Juries must attempt to distinguish truth from falsehood. c


cc  c

½ur place in the playoffs depends on whether we win tonight.c

c E

cc

c cHc   ccHc c

Speed is essential to success in the Internet marketplace.c


cc

He did well on the GMaT, except for the sentence correction questions.c

c F

cc

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The convict fled from the country.c

c G

cc

cc

Dell Computer grew from a start-up to a Mortune 500 company in less than fifteen years.c

ccc

Needless to say, they quickly grew out of their first office.c

c H

cc


cHccHcc

Their direct business model helped them to grow rapidly. c

c I

cc

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Dell's recent stock trouble may indicate that their growth will not continue to be as rapid.c

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He is too risk-averse to invest in the stock market. c

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His DNa is identical with his twin's.c

in contrast toc

The candidate claims to support tax cuts, in contrast to his prior statements.c


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The Mederal Reserve Board is supposed to be independent from political considerations.c

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Some countries are indifferent towards human rights.c

c L

cc

cc

Rapid growth often leads to problems.c

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c c cc c
cHe walks like Joe walks.c

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Most Internet venture capital is localized in a few areas of the world.c

c M

cc

cHccHcc

I mistook you for an old friend.c

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The judicial building is modeled after the Parthenon.c

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Companies demand MBa graduates now more than ever. c

c N

cc

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There is a unique business culture native to the U.S.c

c cc

It infects those who are not even a native of america. c

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iving in New -ork City is an experience everyone needs to try.c

c cHc  cHcc

It is necessary to get a high GMaT score to get into Stanford.c

neither...norc

Neither Tom nor Sam has the necessary skills to finish the job. c

not only...but alsoc

Stanford not only has the highest GMaT average, but also the highest GPa.c

c P

cc


ccHc c

-ou are prohibited from using a calculator on test day.c


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a graduate of a top business school has the potential to make over $150,000.c

c 

cc

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The GMaT scores at top business schools will range from 650 to 750.c

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If you have any more questions, you should refer to a grammar book.c

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^harton's finance program is regarded as the finest in the world.c

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-ou require a GMaT score to go to most U.S. business schools.c

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The rivalry between the Boston Red Sox and the New -ork -ankees is one of the most celebrated in professional sports.c

 
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The manager is responsible for seven entry level employees.c

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The tax policy change is retroactive to last year.c

c 0

cc

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Save for ^illiam, no one else passed the exam.c

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Many people use business school to save them from dull jobs.c

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0o  cc c ccc4  c !
c

cc so...cc ccccThis guide is designed so that you may raise your score.c

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Business school students should subscribe to the 0



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c T

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The contract should be tied to concessions.c

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The communications system will transmit to anyone within range.c

c U

cc

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Japan used to be the model industrial economy.c

c cHc ccHc c

after five practice tests, he was used to the GMaT CaT format.c

c ½nce again - the most effective way to learn idioms is to practice them.c,   cc ccc  cc cc cc
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c cc c
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3

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cc  c  ccccc ccountedc(c
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cc c

c   cc c ccc
c cc c

D. I prefer Mozart è
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c 
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cc cc c c c  c  c c c cc c1 cc c  ccc c 
c 5. He was studying è 
' a rate of two practice GMaT's per day.
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c 
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c(3 c  likecc  )c 7. Dan Marino is regarded è
 ' one of the greatest quarterbacks to ever play football.
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7. Idioms: 0 G 
  EA0Yc u. Sheila is a successful business pioneer, who attempted at creating her own company at a very young age.c )cc 
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 cc c )ccc 
 cc c c )cc 
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c c cc c'  c c

c 
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c c
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c ccc c cc ccc c c   Cc  c c c c HADc 2. In 1904, the abbey Theatre of Dublin, Ireland, was founded by theater supporters who were concerned at reviving appreciation for Irish culture through playwriting and literature.c )cc cc  c

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cc Explanation:c
c c ccc

cc  cc c( )cc c cconcerned atc
 c cconcernedc cwithccaboutc
   c(')cc c c(-)cccHad been foundedcc   cc c
c
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  chave concernscc  cc 
cc

cc c
c  c(&)ccc c
c  ccc cc c c cc

cc ¦
c
  ccc cc   c c
c
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  c c cc  cc c c   cc c  c c c !
c0ample Questionsc c c * ccTable of Contentscc

cc c