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Jmw `s tjl [M@ mn ^`alm Gjdch`ch= [M@ mn v`alm edrolt`ch sj`ntla sf`hjtfy `c tjl gurrlct stuay yldr. ;241
11% mn gmepdc`ls `c stuay drl `eprmv`ch tjl`r [M@ `c ;248
;8% mn gmepdc`ls `c stuay ed`ctd`cla tjl`r [M@ `c ;248
;24<
;24>
1:%
;<%
<2%
;7%
10%
;;%
11%
;8%
Hltt`ch Klttlr
Wtdy`ch tjl
;248
4%
4%
;%
4%
Algf`c`ch
;>%
;>%
;8%
;:%
\cocmwc
QJL RL[NM[EDCGL MN ^@ALM
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 4:
Qjl emst edturl v`alm edroltlrs w`ff usl davdcgla eltr`gs tm f`co tjl
������ 8
gmctlct smurgl tm tjl rlvlcul `t `culcgla. N`hurl 8 sueedr`zls v`alm
^`alm Gmctlct Lfllgt`vlclss Eldsurls `c \sl
eltr`gs usdhl nmr dff stuay yldrs. Qm ocmw jmw v`alm gmcvlrts dca tm gdfgufdtl `ts [M@ rlqu`rls smel flvlf
Qjl usdhl rdtl mn davdcgla eltr`gs `s dt nmr dff stuay yldrs. ;241
;24<
;24>
;248
mn eldsurlelct, dca tj`s stuay eldsurls tjrll gdtlhmr`ls mn v`alm gmctlct lfllgt`vlclss eltr`gs9 41%
41%
;1%
4. Kds`g
1:%
Eldsurls mn gmcsuept`mc sugj ds v`lws mr sjdrls. Qjlsl drl rlfdt`vlfy l dsy tm gdpturl. Jmwlvlr, tjly amc‐t dffmw nmr altlre`cdt`mc mn [M@, cmr am tjly prmv`al `ca`gdtmrs mn lchdhlelct. Nmr tjlsl rldsmcs,
41%
41%
10%
;7%
1;%
;7%
tjl`r uslnufclss `s f`e`tla.
;. @ctlrela`dtl
41%
Kds`g eldsurls mn lchdhlelct, sugj ds dvlrdhl v`lw`ch
;4%
aurdt`mc. X`tj `ctlrela`dtl eltr`gs, `cs`hjts `ctm v`alm v`lw`ch kljdv`mr klh`c tm lelrhl.
7. Davdcgla
47%
47%
;7%
<4%
@ctlrela`dtl
Kds`g
@cgfual v`lws ky lekla fmgdt`mc, v`lwlr armp-mfl rdtls, v`lw`ch jldt edps mr dttr`kut`mc tm sdfls p`plf`cl. X`tj tjlsl eltr`gs, prlg`sl altlre`cdt`mcs drl pmss`kfl rlhdra`ch rlvlcul `epdgt dca [M@.
Davdcgla
Cmcl
QJL RL[NM[EDCGL MN ^@ALM
Xj`fl tjl slhelct mn tjmsl wjm drl us`ch davdcgla eltr`gs `s gmepdrdt`vlfy sedff, tjl [M@ `epdgt rlfdtla tm davdcgla v`alm eltr`gs usdhl `s `eelcsl. N`hurl : gmepdrls tjl rlpmrtla [M@ nmr ldgj eltr`gs usdhl gdtlhmry.
Qjlrl drl smel `epmrtdct pm`cts tm edol nrme tjl adtd prlslctla `c N`hurl :9 4
D trul dca dggurdtl eldsurlelct mn tjl [M@ mn v`alm (mr dcy typl mn gmctlct) rlqu`rls tjl dampt`mc dca usl mn davdcgla
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 40 ������ :
% [lpmrt`ch ^`alm [M@ `s Eugj Klttlr Qjl usl mn davdcgla eltr`gs jds d k`h lfllgt mc [M@.
Cm eltr`gs `c usl
<%
Kds`g eltr`gs
4>%
eltr`gs. Xjlc davdcgla eltr`gs drl cmt `c usl, [M@ altlre`cdt`mc `s dc lst`edtl, dt klst. ;
7
@ctlrela`dtl eltr`gs
;;%
Xjlc davdcgla eltr`gs drl `c us l, edroltlrs jdvl tjl `cnmredt`mc tjly clla dkmut v`alm gmctlct plrnmredcgl tm `eprmvl mc `ts usl, jlfp`ch dgj`lvl lvlc klttlr plrnmredcgl. Qjl klst wdy tm gdpturl dca lxpfm`t davdcgla eltr`gs `s tm `ctlhrdtl v`alm v`lw`ch adtd `ctm Edrolt`ch Dutmedt`mc dca/mr G[E systles.
Qjl usl mn davdcgla eltr`gs `s d prlrlqu`s`tl tm dgj`lv`ch tjl hrldtlst `epdgt dca j`hjlst [M@ nrme v`alm edrolt`ch lflmrts.
Davdcgla eltr`gs
84%
^`alm ^`lw`ch Adtd @ctlhrdt`mc
^@ALM ^@LX@CH ADQD @CQLH[DQ@MC
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 ;4
@ctlhrdt`ch v`alm v`lw`ch adtd `ctm Edrolt`ch Dutmedt`mc dca/mr G[E
Qjl adtd `c N`hurl 0 rlvldfs smel lcgmurdh`ch trlcas9
pfdtnmres lcdkfls tjl trdgo`ch dca usdhl mn davdcgla eltr`g s. Qj`s `ctlhrdt`mc prmv`als mtjlr klclfflts ds wlff. N`hurl 0 sjmws tjl stdtus mn tj`s `ctlhrdt`mc nrme ldgj yldr mn tj`s stuay.
4
@t dppldrs tjdt tjl stuay pdrt`g`pdcts nrme ;24>‐s stuay tjdt `ca`gdtla pfdcs tm `ctlhrdtl tj`s adtd jda emrl tjdc hmma `ctlct`mcs. ;
������ 0
D s`hc`fflgdct `cgrldsl `c tjl pmpufdt`mc mn edroltlrs wjm jdvl `ctlhrdtla v`alm v`lw`ch adtd ‗ dca drl us`ch `t! Mcl `c fflvl edroltlrs `c tj`s stuay ndff `ctm tj`s gdtlhmry. Qjl mvlrdff flvlf mn `ctlhrdt`mc mn v`alm v`lw`ch adtd, rlhdraflss mn wjltjlr `t `s `c usl, jds gf`ekla 4< plrglctdhl pm`cts, nrme 72 plrglct `c ;24> tm 1< plrglct tmady.
@ctlhrdt`mc Wtdtus mn ^`alm ^`lw`ch Adtd Qj`s yldr‐s stuay pdrt`g`pdcts rlpmrt d jldftjy `cgrldsl `c tjl `ctlhrdt`mc dca usl mn v`alm v`lw`ch adtd w`tj oly sdfls dca edrolt`ch systles. ;241
;24<
;24>
;248
0%
4>%
;>%
;0%
;2%
4<%
4<%
;<%
;7%
;;%
47%
48%
72%
;>%
4<%
;2%
;<%
;2%
;4%
41%
@ctlhrdtla dca
@ctlhrdtla kut cmt
Rfdcc`ch tm `ctlhrdtl
Rfdcc`ch tm `ctlhrdtl
Cm pfdcs tm `ctlhrdtl
^@ALM ^@LX@CH ADQD @CQLH[DQ@MC
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 ;;
Qjl [M@ tjdt stuay pdrt`g`pdcts rlpmrt nmr tjl`r v`alm edrolt`ch lflmrts
Qjl j`hjlr `ctlhrdt`mc flvlfs sllc `c t j`s yldr‐s stuay drl rllgtla `c tjl
gmrrlfdtls tm tjl`r `ctlhrdt`mc stdtus, dca N`hurl 42 gmepdrls tjl [M@ wjlc tjlrl `s cm `ctlhrdt`mc tm wjlc `ctlhrdt`mc dca lxpfm`tdt`mc mn
wdy eleklrs mn tjl sdfls tlde drl us`ch t j`s adtd, wj`gj `s sueedr`zla
v`alm v`lw`ch adtd lx`sts.
`c N`hurl 44. Mvlr twm-tj`ras mn stuay pdrt`g`pdcts `ca`gdtla tjdt `t `s `epmrtdct nmr tjl
Qj`s gmepdr`smc edols d gmeplff`ch kus`clss gdsl nmr `ctlhrdt`ch v`alm
sdfls tlde tm jdvl dgglss tm gustmelr dc a prmsplgt v`alm v`lw`ch adtd.
v`lw`ch adtd w`tj Edrolt`ch Dutmedt`mc dca G[E systles9 tjmsl wjm
N`hurl 44 sjmws tjdt tjl sdfls tlde `s hltt`ch vdful nrme us`ch tj`s
jdvl amcl sm drl dfemst tw`gl ds f`olfy tm dfsm rlpmrt tjdt tjl`r v`alm
adtd, w`tj dc `cgrldsl `c dff flvlfs mn usl nrme <2 plrglct `c ;24> tm >4
[M@ `s hltt`ch klttlr.
plrglct tj`s yldr. Qj`s usdhl `s cm amukt lcdkfla ky t jl j`hjlr flvlfs mn
`ctlhrdt`mc sjmwc `c N`hurl 0.
������ 42
@ctlhrdt`mc mn ^`alm ^`lw`ch Adtd & [M@ @ctlhrdt`ch v`alm v`lw`ch adtd `ctm sdfls dca edrolt`ch systles jds d edimr lfllgt mc [M@. [M@ mn ^`alm `s Hltt`ch Klttlr
@ctlhrdt`mc dca adtd lxpfm`tdt`mc Cm `ctlhrdt`mc
>8%
������ 44
Wdfls \sl mn ^`lw`ch ^`l w`ch Adtd tm Tudf`ny, Lchdhl mr @culcgl Aldfs Mvlrdff usdhl mn v`alm v`lw`ch adtd ky tjl sdfl tlde `s up yldr-tm-yldr. ;241
;24<
;24>
;248
44%
>%
;1%
;;%
78%
7;%
4:%
71%
;4%
;7%
70%
7>%
4:%
74%
Qm smel
Qm d sf`hjt
Qm cm
74% 42%
>%
44%
>%
8%
Qm d hrldt
:%
@ amc‐t
Rrmaug`ch & Jmst`ch ^`alm Gmctlct
R[MA\G@CH & JMWQ@CH ^@ALM GMCQLCQ
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 ;1
Qj`s stuay gmct`culs tm fmmo dt wjm `s grldt`ch, mr gmee`ss`mc`ch tjl grldt`mc mn v`alm gmctlct, dca wjlrl `t `s jmstla. N`hurl 4; sjmws wjm w`tj`c tjl mrhdc`zdt`mcs tjdt pdrt`g`pdtla `c tj`s
stuay `s grldt`ch v`alm. X`tj gmctlct edrolt`ch strdtlhy dca lxlgut`mc trda`t`mcdffy klfmch`ch tm edrolt`ch, tjlsl rlsufts drl cmt surpr`s`ch. Qjl sdfls mrhdc`zdt`mc sjmws tjl k`hhlst yldr-tm-yldr `cgrldsl, dca dff nucgt`mcs rlprlslctla sjmw dc `cgrldsl w`tj tjl lxglpt`mc mn tjl `ctlrcdf gmeeuc`gdt`mcs tlde.
������ 4;
Xjm `s Grldt`ch ^`alm Edrolt`ch grldtls tjl f`mc‐s sjdrl mn v`alm gmctlct. ;24>
;248
:%
:>%
4<%
40%
44%
44% 44
44%
0%
02%
;7%
48%
4<%
4<%
Edrolt`ch tlde
Wdfls tlde
@ctlrcdf
Lxlgut`vl tlde
Wuppmrt tlde
41%
J[ tlde
Mtjlrs
R[MA\G@CH & JMWQ@CH ^@ALM GMCQLCQ
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 ;<
N`hurl 47 sjmws wjlrl mrhdc`zdt`mcs `c tjl stuay drl jmst`ch dca
edcdh`ch tjl`r v`alm gmctlct. @t‐s ldsy tm ucalrstdca tjl dffurl mn nrll pfdtnmres. Kut edroltlrs clla tm edol alg`s`mcs dkmut wjlrl tm jmst v`alm kdsla mc emrl tjdc gmst. Qjly eust dfsm gmcs`alr jmw vdr`mus jmst`ch pfdtnmres dffmw tjle tm klst edcdhl tjl`r krdcas dca gmctrmf tjl v`lw`ch lxplr`lcgl. Edroltlrs clla tm nuffy ucalrstdca tjl `epf`gdt`mcs mn tjl`r jmst`ch gjm`gls.
Qjl ldsl mn prmaug`ch qudf`ty v`alm gmctlct jds `eprmvla ardedt`gdffy mvlr tjl f`nl mn tj`s stuay. Cmt sm fmch dhm, tjl rlqu`s`tl so`ffs dca lxplrt`sl wlrl mntlc cmt nmuca w`tj`c edcy edrolt`ch alpdrtelcts. Qmady, emst mrhdc`zdt`mcs grldtl v`alm us`ch d kflca mn `ctlrcdf dca lxtlrcdf rlsmurgls, sugj ds dhlcg`ls, stua`ms, nrllfdcglrs mr gmctr dgt lepfmylls. N`hurl 41 sjmws tj`s splgtrue mn rlsmurgl usdhl nmr v`alm grldt`mc. Qw`gl ds edcy mrhdc`zdt`mcs jdvl v`alm grldt`mc amcl tmtdffy `c-jmusl ds gmepdrla tm tjmsl tjdt gmepfltlfy mutsmurgl `t. Emst mrhdc`zdt`mcs kflca lxtlrcdf rlsmurgls w`tj `ctlrcdf mcls tm grldtl tjl`r v`alms,
������ 47
dca mc dvlrdhl, tjl a`v`s`mc mn rlspmcs`k`f`ty `s dfemst lvlc, sf`hjtfy
^`alm Jmst`ch & Edcdhlelct Rfdtnmres \sdhl
ndvmr`ch tjl usl mn `ctlrcdf rlsmurgls.
Emrl tjdc jdfn mn stuay pdrt`g`pdcts mcfy jmst mc nrll pfdtnmres.
������ 41
[lsmurgls nmr ^`alm Grldt`mc Nlw mrhdc`zdt`mcs gmepfltlfy mutsmurgl v`alm grldt`mc.
;4%
8%
Kmtj
Lxtlrcdf rlsmurgls DFF v`alm grldt`mc
<<% << % ;1% Kus`clss pfdtnmre
Nrll pfdtnmre
4>% @ctlrcdf rlsmurgls nmr DFF v`alm grldt`mc
72% 72 % @ctlrcdf rlsmurgls mn EMWQ
;;% ;; % Lxtlrcdf rlsmurgls nmr EMWQ
;<% ;< % Lvlc kflca `ctlrcdf dca lxtlrcdf
R[MA\G@CH & JMWQ@CH ^@ALM GMCQLCQ
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 ;>
Gmepdc`ls usl dca kflca rlsmurgls tm grldtl v`alms a`fllrlctfy
Qjl nldturls dca nucgt`mcs dvd`fdkfl nmr usl `c grldt`ch edrolt`ch v`alm
alplca`ch mc tjl s`zl mn tjl gmepdcy. Qdkfl < sjmws tjlsl a`fllrlcgls.
jdvl lxpdcala trlelcamusfy. Nmr tjl fflrst t`el, tj`s stuay gdtdfmhs tjl`r
Wedff gmepdc`ls rlfy emst jldv`fy mc `ctlrcdf rlsmurgls, wj`fl fdrhl gmepdc`ls rlfy emst jldv`fy mc d kflca mn lxtlrcdf dca `ct lrcdf rlsmurgls.
^`alm prmaugt`mc rlsmurgls ky gmepdcy s`zl. Wedff gmepdc`ls (flss tjdc $;< e`ff`mc `c dccudf rlvlcul)
Lvlc kflca mn `ctlrcdf & lxtlrcdf rlsmurgls
@ctlrcdf rlsmurgls nmr emst mr dff v`alm grldt`mc
������ 4<
% [lpmrt`ch ^`alm [M@ `s Eugj Klttlr
����� <
Lxtlrcdf rlsmurgls nmr emst mr dff v`alm grldt`mc
usdhl `c N`hurl 4<.
;1%
Ela`ue gmepdc`ls ($;< tm $100 e`ff`mc `c dccudf rlvlcul)
7<%
Fdrhl gmepdc`ls ($<22 e`ff`mc mr emrl `c dccudf rlvlcul)
;0%
Qjl usl mn davdcgla eltr`gs jds d k`h lfllgt mc [M@. ^`alm plrnmredcgl dcdfyt`gs Glctrdf`zla v`alm gmctlct edcdhlelct
17%
Gjdcclf plrnmredcgl dcdfyt`gs
1;%
Gustme GQDs dt lca mn v`alm
1;%
Dgglss gmctrmf nmr pr`vdtl/slgurl gmctlct Hrmup mr rmfl-kdsla dae`c`strdt`mc dae`c`strdt`mc mn gmctlct
;;%
4<%
18%
@ca`v`audf v`lwlr lchdhlelct Wycgjrmc`zdt`mc mn v`lwlr lchdhlelct adtd tm Eoth Dutmedt`mc mr G[E
< 1%
<2%
;1%
<0%
@ctlrdgt`vl v`alm gmctlct w`tj leklaala nmres mr dccmtdt`mcs ^`alm gmctlct plrsmcdf`zdt`mc
12%
77%
74%
;:% ;>%
;4%
R[MA\G@CH & JMWQ@CH ^@ALM GMCQLCQ
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 ;8
Edcy mn tjlsl nldturls jlfp sj`nt tjl v`alm v`lw`ch lxplr`lcgl nrme d
@c tjl ;24> stuay, pdrt`g`pdcts wlrl dsola tm sjdrl tjl`r usdhl stdtus
pdss`vl tm dc dgt`vl mcl, dca ds d fdtlr slgt`mc mn tj`s rlpmrt w`ff a`sguss,
mn tjl Dggmuct-Kdsla Edrolt`ch (DKE) strdtlhy, dca `n tjly wlrl us`ch
tjly jlfp ar`vl sdt`sndgt`mc w`tj tjl usl mn v`alm gmctlct. Qjl ucalrstdca`ch
DKE, tjl alhrll tm wj`gj v`alm gmctlct pfdyla d rmfl. N`hurl 4> upadtls tj`s usdhl adtd nmr ;248. ;248.
mn smel mn tjlsl nldturls/nucgt`mcs drl jlfpla tjrmuhj nurtjlr lxpfdcdt`mc9
Ds DKE klgmels d ed`cstrlde, K;K edrolt`ch strdtlhy, tjl usl mn
^`alm plrnmredcgl dcdfyt`gs9 v`lws, armp-mfl rdtl, ltg.
v`alm tm ndg`f`tdtl tjl strdtlhy jds amukfla s`cgl fdst yldr‐s stuay, emv`ch
Gjdcclf plrnmredcgl9 v`lws ky gjdcclf
nrme : plrglct tm 4> plrglct mn mrhdc`zdt`mcs tjdt drl us`ch v`alm tm dcy
@ca`v`audf v`lwlr lchdhlelct9 trdgo`ch v`lws dca lchdhlelct mn
alhrll w`tj DKE. Qjmsl wjm pfdc tm usl v`alm w`tj DKE jdvl dfsm cldrfy amukfla `c tjl pdst yldr.
ldgj `ca`v`audf
������ 4>
^`alm \sdhl w`tj Dggmuct-Kdsla Edrolt`ch ^`alm usdhl dca pfdcs nmr usdhl w`tj DKE jdvl `cgrldsla yldr-tm-yldr. ;24>
;248
4%
7%
7%
8%
DKE w`tj v`alm `c edimr rmfl
DKE w`tj v`alm `c emalrdtl rmfl
1%
>%
4<%
1>%
;<%
44%
47% 47
11%
4>%
DKE w`tj pfdcs tm usl v`alm
DKE, kut cm v`alm
Amc‐t usl DKE
@ amc‐t ocmw
>%
DKE w`tj v`alm `c e`cmr rmfl
^`alm Gmctlct Kuahlt
^@ALM GMCQLCQ K\AHLQ
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 ;0
Edrolt`ch kuahlts rllgt tjl mrhdc`zdt`mc‐s pr`mr`t`ls, dca tjl wdy `c`t`dt`vls drl nucala `s plrjdps tjl truls t `ca`gdtmr mn tjl`r plrgl`vla vdful. N`hurl 48
<>%
sueedr`zls v`alm gmctlct kuahlt hrmwtj nmr dff yldrs mn tjl stuay. ^`alm gmctlct kuahlts drl `cgrlds`ch nmr mvlr jdfn mn tjl stuay pdrt`g-
mn gmepdc`ls `c stuay drl `cgrlds`ch v`alm gmctlct kuahlt `c ;248
`pdcts, dftjmuhj cmt dt tjl rdtl mn prlv`mus yldrs. Jmwlvlr, tjl dccudf vmfuel mn v`alms prmaugla sjmwc `c N`hurl ; `s `cgrlds`ch, `epfy`ch tjdt edroltlrs drl dkfl tm `cgrldsl prmaugt`mc w`tjmut `cgrlds`ch gmsts.
mn gmepdc`ls `c stuay drl algrlds`ch v`alm gmctlct kuahlt `c ;248
������ 48
^`alm Gmctlct Kuahlt ^`alm gmctlct kuahlts drl stdy`ch tjl sdel mr hrmw`ch nmr wlff mvlr 02 plrglct mn tjl mrhdc`zdt`mcs `c tj`s stuay. ;241
;24<
4%
;24>
;248
;%
2%
;%
2%
1%
4%
<%
W`hc`fflgdctfy algrlds`ch
>%
Wf`hjtfy algrlds`ch
;:%
<7%
4>%
;0%
10%
;2% 47%
78%
1>%
7:%
<2%
Wtdy`ch tjl sdel
Wf`hjtfy `cgrlds`ch
>%
W`hc`fflgdctfy `cgrlds`ch
^@ALM GMCQLCQ K\AHLQ
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 72
Kuahlts, [M@ dca gmcvlrs`mc plrnmredcgl drl dff gmrrlfdtla. N`hurl 4: sjmws wjdt tj`s gmrrlfdt`mc fmmos f`ol.
������ 4:
@t `s d k`t mn d gj`golc-dca-lhh a`fleed tm ucalrstdca `n j`hjlr nuca`ch
J`hjlr v`alm gmctlct edrolt`ch kuahlts drl rlfdtla tm klttlr [M@ dca gmcvlrs`mc.
nmr v`alm gmctlct prmaugls klttlr [M@ dca gmcvlrs`mc plrnmredcgl, mr `n tjl [M@ dca gmcvlrs`mc plrnmredcgl drl edo`ch tjl kus`clss gdsl nmr j`hjlr nuca`ch. @t `s emst f`olfy tjl fdttlr gdsl. Xj`gjlvlr mcl `s trul, jmwlvlr, tjl f`co kltwllc kuahlts, [M@ dca gmcvlrs`mc plrnmredcgl `s
^`alm Kuahlts dca [M@, Gmcvlrs`mc Rlrnmredcgl
Kuahlt dt mr algrlds`ch Kuahlt `cgrlds`ch
fflrefy lstdkf`sjla `c tjl stuay adtd.
;8%
>7%
<8%
8<%
% [M@ `s hltt`ch klttlr
% Gmcvlrs`mcs plrnmredcgl `s klttlr
Wdt`sndgt` Wdt`sndg t`mc mc w`tj ^`alm Edrolt`ch [lsufts
WDQ@WNDGQ@MC X@QJ ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH [LW\FQW
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 7;
Qj`s stuay jds cmt fmmola dt mvlrdff sdt`sndgt`mc w`tj tjl rlsufts mn v`alm
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edrolt`ch lflmrts uct`f tj`s yldr. N`hurl 40 sjmws jmw tj`s yldr‐s stuay pdrt`g`pdcts rdtla tjl`r sdt`sndgt`mc.
Wdt`sndgt`mc w`tj ^`alm Edrolt`ch [lsufts Iust 42 plrglct mn stuay pdrt`g`pdcts drl a`ssdt`sfflla w`tj tjl rlsufts mn tjl`r v`alm edrolt`ch lflmrts.
1% ^lry sdt`sfflla
;% ^lry a`ssdt`sfflla
:%
<0% mn gmepdc`ls `c stuay drl sdt`sfflla mr vlry sdt`sfflla w`tj v`alm edrolt`ch rlsufts
A`ssdt`sfflla
<<% Wdt`sfflla
42% mn gmepdc`ls `c stuay drl a`ssdt`sfflla w`tj v`alm edrolt`ch rlsufts
74% Clutrdf
WDQ@WNDGQ@MC X@QJ ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH [LW\FQW
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 77
@t `s `epmrtdct tm ollp `c e`ca tjdt sdt`sndgt`mc `s dc mutgmel, dca w`tj
Qjl usl mn glrtd`c o`cas mn eltr`gs nrme N`hurl :, tm eldsurl tjl lfllg-
tj`s adtd cmw pdrt mn tjl st uay, `t klgdel pmss`kfl tm `alct`ny smel mn tjl
t`vlclss mn v`alm gmctlct, dfsm gmrrlfdtls tm sdt`sndgt`mc, dca N`hurl ;4 sjmws tj`s rlfdt`mcsj`p.
ar`vlrs mn sdt`sndgt`mc. Mcl mn tjl gmrrlfdt`mcs tm sdt`sndgt` mc `s tjl dccudf vmfuel mn v`alms prmaugla ky stuay pdrt`g`pdcts. N`hurl ;2 sjmws jmw sdt`sndgt`mc `cgrldsls w`tj tjl vmfuel mn v`alms prmaugla.
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Wdt`sndgt`mc & Eltr`gs \sdhl ������ ;2
Qjl usl mn davdcgla eltr`gs ar`vls sdt`sndgt`mc s`hc`fflgdctfy j`hjlr.
Wdt`sndgt`mc & Dccudf ^`alm Rrmaugt`mc ^mfuel Wdt`sndgt`mc `cgrldsls ds v`alm prmaugt`mc vmfuels `cgrldsl. % Wdt`sfflla mr ^lry Wdt`sfflla
Flss tjdc <
< tm 42
44 tm <2
Emrl tjdc <2
% Wdt`sfflla mr ^lry Wdt`sfflla
Cm eltr`gs `c usl
77%
Kds`g eltr`gs
<4%
@ctlrela`dtl eltr`gs
>:%
8;%
Davdcgla eltr`gs
;0%
<8%
>8%
:>%
WDQ@WNDGQ@MC X@QJ ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH [LW\FQW
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 71
Qjl dampt`mc mn smel mn tjl nldturls dca nucgt`mcs sjmwc `c N`hurl 4< dfsm gmrrlfdtl tm j`hjlr sdt`sndgt`mc w`tj v`alm edrolt`ch rlsufts. N`hurl ;; sjmws tjl a`fllrlcgl `c sdt`sndgt`mc nmr tjlsl nldturls/nucgt`mcs wjlc tjly drl dca drl cmt `c usl. Qjl usl mn dcy mcl mn tjlsl v`alm nldturls/nucgt`mcs jds tjl dk`f`ty tm ar`vl sdt`sndgt`mc w`tj v`alm edrolt`ch rlsufts j`hjlr. Qjl sdt`sndgt`mc hdp kltwllc tjmsl wjm usl tjle dca tjmsl wjm am cmt `s sukstdct`df, dvlrdh`ch ;0 plrglctdhl pm`cts.
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Wdt`sndgt`mc & ^`alm Nldturl/Nucgt`mc \sdhl Qjlsl v`alm nldturls/nucgt`mcs drl edimr ar`vlrs mn j`hjlr sdt`sndgt`mc w`tj v`alm. Wdt`sndgt`mc wjlc us`ch Wdt`sndgt`mc wjlc cmt us`ch
84%
8<%
84%
84%
87%
84%
<2 %
70%
70%
7<%
1<%
<4%
Hrmup mr rmfl-kdsla dae`c`strdt`mc mn gmctlct
Dgglss gmctrmf nmr pr`vdtl/slgurl gmctlct
Glctrdf`zla v`alm gmctlct edcdhlelct
^`alm plrnmredcgl dcdfyt`gs
^`alm gmctlct plrsmcdf`zdt`mc
@ctlrdgt`vl v`alm gmctlct w/ leklaala nmres mr dcmttdt`mcs
Dcdfyst Kmttme F`cl
DCDFPWQ KMQQME F@CL
Ds d gmctlct nmre, v`alm rled`cs ds `epmrtdct ds lvlr, dca tj`s `epmrtdcgl `s rllgtla `c `cgrldsla us dhl, kmtj `c tlres mn vmfuel
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 7>
Ruep up tjl vmfuel. Qjl edroltlrs tjdt drl jldv`lr
prmaugla dca pfdgls wjlrl v`alm `s usla. Qj`s yldr‐s stuay rl`c-
uslrs mn v`alm drl hltt`ch klttlr [M@ nrme tjl`r usl, dca tjly drl emrl sdt`sfflla w`tj tjl rlsufts tjly
nmrgls edcy mn tjl klst prdgt`gls `alct`fflla `c pdst yldrs, wj`fl
drl hltt`ch. Hrldtlr v`alm vmfuel gfldrfy slles tm
`ctrmaug`ch smel clw mcls. Edroltlrs tjdt wdct tm flvlrdhl v`alm `c tjl emst lfllgt`vl wdy dca prmaugl tjl j`hjlst pmss`kfl rlturc
kl klttlr wjlrl edrolt`ch w`tj tj`s gmctlct nmre
sjmufa `epflelct tjlsl rlgmeelcadt`mcs9 Qrdgo davdcgla eltr`gs. Qjlrl‐s cm hltt`ch dwdy nrme
`s gmcglrcla. Qjmsl edroltlrs tjdt jdvl sm ndr iust a`ppla tjl`r tmls `c tjl v`alm edrolt`ch pmmf sjmufa gmcs`alr pfuch`ch `c. Dff mn tjl
tjl ndgt tjdt davdcgla eltr`gs drl tjl mcfy mcls tjdt gdc dggurdtlfy tlff edroltlrs tjl rlvlcul `epdgt dcy mn
\sl davdcgla nldturls dca nucgt`mcs.
tjl`r gmctlct `s jdv`ch, dca v`alm `s cm lxglpt`mc. ^`lws
N`hurl 4< jdvl klclfflts, dca edcy mn tjle dfsm ar`vl
ky lekla fmgdt`mc, v`lwlr armp-mfl rdtls, dca dttr`kut`mc
j`hjlr sdt`sndgt`mc. Edroltlrs clla tm edol tjl `cg fus`mc mn tjlsl nldturls dca nucgt`mcs d stdcadra pdrt
tm sdfls p`plf`cl drl dff lxdepfls mn davdcgla eltr`gs tjdt edroltlrs sjmufa trdgo nmr v`alm gmctlct. Jmw gdc edroltlrs am tj`s= Wll tjl clxt rlgmeelcadt`mc… @ctlhrdtl v`alm v`lw`ch adtd. Qj`s `ctlhrdt`mc ndg`f`-
tdtls tjl trdgo`ch mn davdcgla eltr`gs, dca edroltlrs rlpmrtla hd`cs `c tjl `ctlhrdt`mc mn v`lw`ch adtd w`tj Edrolt`ch Dutmedt`mc dca/mr G[E systles `c tj`s yldr‐s stuay. Qj`s `s `epmrtdct, klgdusl wjlc tj`s adtd `s stmrla `c sdfls dca edrolt`ch systles, tjl v`lw`ch adtd klgmels ldsy tm dgglss dca usl tm hd`c `cs`hjts dkmut fldas `c tjl p`plf`cl.
v`alm edrolt`ch nldturls dca nucgt`mcs `alct`fflla `c
mn tjl`r prmaugt`mc prmglss. Edcy mn tjlsl nldturl dca nucgt`mcs drl mcfy dvd`fdkfl tjrmuhj tjl usl mn d v`alm pfdtnmre nmr kus`clss. Emst edroltlrs fmch dhm rlgmhc`zla tjl pmtlct`df dca vdful mn v`alm gmctlct. Ky `epflelct`ch tjlsl rlgmeelcadt`mcs, edroltlrs gdc tdol tjl`r v`alm edrolt`ch lflmrts tm tjl clxt flvlf mn lfllgt`vlclss.
DGOCMXFLAHLELCQW
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 78
^`aydra `s tjl v`alm pfdtnmre nmr kus`clss tjdt jlfps mrhdc`zd-
Aledca Eltr`g `s d edrolt`ch rlsldrgj dca dav`smry fflre slrv`ch
t`mcs ar`vl emrl rlvlcul tjrmuhj tjl usl mn mcf`cl v`alm. Hm`ch
d eleklrsj`p gmeeuc`ty mn mvlr 422,222 edrolt`ch prmnls-
klymca v`alm jmst`ch dca edcdhlelct, ^`aydra jlfps kus`clssls ar`vl hrldtlr lchdhlelct `c tjl`r v`alm gmctlct, trdgo
s`mcdfs dca gmcsuftdcts `c 8< gmuctr`ls.
tjl v`lw`ch dgt`v`t`ls mn ldgj `ca`v`audf v`lwlr, dca turc tjmsl v`lws `ctm dgt`mc. Hfmkdf fldalrs sugj ds Jmclywlff, EgOlssmc, Flcmvm, F`cola@c, G`t`kdco, EmchmAK dca Wjdrp rlfy mc ^`aydra tm pmwlr tjl`r v`alm gmctlct strdtlh`ls dca turc v`lwlrs `ctm gustmelrs.
Mfllr`ch gmcsuft`ch pfdykmmos, dav`smry slrv`gls, dca <22+ prle`ue edrolt`ch tmmfs dca tlepfdtls, Aledca Eltr`g rlsmurgls dca lxplrt`sl jlfp tjl edrolt`ch gmeeuc`ty pfdc emrl lg`lctfy dca lfllgt`vlfy, dcswlr tjl a`guft qulst`mcs dkmut tjl`r wmro w`tj dutjmr`ty dca gmcv`gt`mc, dca gmepfltl edrolt`ch prmilgts emrl qu`gofy dca w`tj hrldtlr gmcfflalcgl ‑ tjus kmmst`ch tjl rlsplgt mn tjl edrolt`ch tlde dca edo`ch `t lds`lr tm iust`ny rlsmurgls tjl tlde cllas tm sugglla. Qm fldrc emrl dkmut Aledca Eltr`g, pfldsl v`s`t www.aledcaeltr`g.gme
DGOCMXFLAHLELCQW
QJL WQDQL MN ^@ALM ED[OLQ@CH ;248 7:
Qj`s ;248 ^`alm Gmctlct Edrolt`ch Eltr`gs Klcgjedro Wtuay survly wds dae`c`stlrla mcf`cl aur`ch tjl plr`ma mn Mgtmklr < tjrmuhj Mgtmklr ;:, ;248. Aur`ch tj`s plr`ma, 4<0 gmepfltl rlspmcsls wlrl gmfflgtla dca usla `c tjl dcdfys`s mn tjl adtd nmr tj`s rlpmrt. Qjl rlprlslctdt`vlclss mn tjlsl rlsufts alplcas mc tjl s`e`fdr`ty mn tjl sdepfl tm lcv`rmcelcts `c wj`gj tj`s survly adtd `s usla nmr gmepdr`smc mr hu`adcgl. Wueedr`zla klfmw `s tjl kds`g gdtlhmr`zdt`mc adtd gmfflgtla dkmut rlspmcalcts tm lcdkfl fflftlr`ch dca dcdfys`s mn tjl adtd9 Qypl mn mrhdc`zdt`mc9 Emstfy mr lct`rlfy K;K Emstfy mr lct`rlfy K;G Kflca mn K;K/K;G
<8 plrglct 4< plrglct ;: plrglct
Rr`edry rmfl mn rlspmcalct9 Rrls`alct, GLM mr mwclr Edrolt`ch Wdfls @Q Mtjlr
8 plrglct 8< plrglct < plrglct > plrglct 8 plrglct
Dccudf sdfls9 Flss tjdc $42 e`ff`mc $42 tm $;1 e`ff`mc $;< tm $00 e`ff`mc $422 tm $100 e`ff`mc $<22 tm $000 e`ff`mc $4 k`ff`mc mr emrl
7; plrglct 4> plrglct 4> plrglct 41 plrglct < plrglct 4> plrglct
[lvlcul hrmwtj lcv`rmcelct `c emst rlglct fflsgdf yldr9 W`hc`fflgdct `cgrldsl ;4 plrglct Emalst `cgrldsl <4 plrglct Nfdt 48 plrglct Emalst algf`cl 42 plrglct W`hc`fflgdct algf`cl 4 plrglct
© Aledca Eltr`g [lsldrgj Gmrpmrdt`mc. Dff [`hjts [lslrvla.
www.aledcaeltr`g.gme
Nmffmw us mc Qw Qw`ttlr `ttlr
Im`c F`cola`c Hrmup
F`ol us mc Ndglkmmo