\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje
Pgkj - 7
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje Pgkj Hc.
]cpol ]otij
7
]otij ca tdj prcfjlt
<
Ohtrcmultoch ca tdj Prcfjlt
=
Gbstrglt ca tdj Prcfjlt Prcfjlt
:
Cbfjltovj ca tdj Prcfjlt
1
\lcpj ca tdj Prcfjlt
;
Rjpcrts ca tdj prcfjlt
;
Ecmuijs ca tdj Prcfjlt
4
Ohput mgtg ghm vgiomgtoch ca tdj prcfjlt
?
Ajgturjs ca tdj prcfjlt
70
\catwgrj Rjquorjjht \pjloaolgtoch
77
Omjhtoaolgtoch ca hjjm
7
Ajgsoboiot! \tum!
7<
\!stj mjso"h ca tdj prcfjlt
7=
#sjr Ohtjraglj $jso"h
7:
Prjioohgr! Prcmult $jslroptochs
7;
Prcfjlt %gtj"cr!
74
Opijjhtgtoch Ejtdcmcic"!
7?
]ccis ghm Pigtacr & \catwgrj Rjquorjjhts
7?
]ccis ghm Pigtacr & 'grmwgrj Rjquorjjhts
0
\!stj Ghgi!sos
$gtg $oltochgr!
<
%chliusoch ca tdj Prcfjlt
=
Auturj slcpj ca tdj Prcfjlt
:
(ootgtochs ca tdj Prcfjlt
1
)obioc"rgpd! ghm rjajrjhljs
Pgkj -
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje
!ht"c#$ltoch ca t%j P"c&jlt Ickoh \ystje' ]dj *(c"oh \!stj* dgs bjjh mjvjicpjm tc cvjrromj tdj prcbijs prjvgoioh" oh tdj prgltoloh" ghugi s!stj+ ]dos scatwgrj os suppcrtjm tc jioohgtj ghm oh scj lgsjs rjmulj tdj dgrmsdops agljm b! tdos j,ostoh" s!stj+ Ecrjcvjr tdos s!stj os mjso"hjm acr tdj pgrtoluigr hjjm ca tdj lcpgh! tc lgrr! cut cpjrgtochs oh g scctd ghm jaajltovj jaajltovj ghhjr+ ]dj gppiolgtoch os rjmuljm gs uld gs pcssobij tc gvcom jrrcrs wdoij jhtjroh" tdj mgtg+ Ot gisc prcvomjs jrrcr jssg"j wdoij jhtjroh" ohvgiom mgtg+ -c acrgi .hcwijm"j os hjjmjm acr tdj usjr tc usj tdos s!stj+ ]dus b! tdos gii ot prcvjs ot os usjr/arojhmi!+ (c"oh \!st \!stj j 0 gs mjsl mjslro robj bjm m gbcv gbcvj0 j0 lgh lgh ijgm ijgm tc jrrc jrrcrr arjj arjj00 sjlu sjlurj rj00 rjio rjiogb gbij ij ghm ghm agst agst ghg"jjht s!stj+ Ot lgh gssost tdj usjr tc lchljhtrgtj ch tdjor ctdjr gltovotojs rgtdjr tc lchljhtrgtj ch tdj rjlcrm .jjpoh"+ ]dus ot woii djip cr"ghogtoch oh bjttjr utoiogtoch ca rjscurljs+ 2vjr! cr"ghogtoch0 cr"ghogtoch0 wdjtdjr wdjtdjr bo" cr sgii0 dgs ldgiijh"js ldgiijh"js tc cvjrlcj cvjrlcj ghm ghg"oh" ghg"oh" tdj ohacrgtochs ca Pgsswcrm0 #sjrhgj0 Rj"ostjr0 %dgh"j Pgsswcrm0 Prc"rgjr+ 2vjr! (c"oh \!stj dgs moaajrjht #sjrhgj hjjms0 tdjrjacrj wj mjso"h j,liusovj jpic!jj ghg"jjht s!stjs tdgt grj gmgptjm tc !cur ghg"jrogi rjquorjjhts+ ]dos os mjso"hjm tc gssost oh strgtj"ol pighhoh"0 ghm woii djip !cu jhsurj tdgt !cur cr"ghogtoch os jquoppjm wotd tdj ro"dt ijvji ca ohacrgtoch ghm mjtgois acr !cur auturj "cgis+ Gisc0 acr tdcsj bus! j,jlutovj wdc grj giwg!s ch tdj "c0 cur s!stjs lcj wotd rjctj glljss ajgturjs0 wdold woii giicw !cu tc ghg"j !cur wcr.acrlj gh!toj0 gt gii tojs+ ]djsj s!stjs woii uitogtji! giicw !cu tc bjttjr ghg"j rjscurljs+
Pgkj - <
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje ()st"glt ca t%j P"c&jlt Ickoh \ystje' ]dj purpcsj ca (c"oh \!stj os tc gutcgtj tdj j,ostoh" ghugi s!stj b! tdj djip ca lcp lcputjr utjrojm ojm jqu jquopj opjhts hts ghm auii auii/aij /aijm"j m"jm m lcp lcputjr utjr scat scatwgr wgrj0 j0 auia auiaoiio oiioh" h" tdj tdjor or rjquorjjhts0 sc tdgt tdjor vgiugbij mgtg
(c"oh \!stj0 gs mjslrobjm gbcvj0 lgh ijgm tc jrrcr arjj0 sjlurj0 rjiogbij ghm agst ghg"jjht s!stj+ Ot lgh gssost tdj usjr tc lchljhtrgtj ch tdjor ctdjr gltovotojs rgtdjr tc lchljhtrgtj ch tdj rjlcrm .jjpoh"+ ]dus ot woii djip cr"ghogtoch oh bjttjr utoiogtoch ca rjscurljs+ ]dj cr"ghogtoch lgh gohtgoh lcputjrojm rjlcrms wotdcut rjmuhmght jhtrojs+ ]dgt jghs tdgt chj hjjm hct bj mostrgltjm b! ohacrgtoch tdgt os hct rjijvght0 wdoij bjoh" gbij tc rjgld tdj ohacrgtoch+ ]dj go os tc gutcgtj ots j,ostoh" ghugi s!stj b! tdj djip ca lcputjrojm jquopjhts ghm auii/aijm"jm lcputjr scatwgrj0 auiaoiioh" tdjor rjquorjjhts0 sc tdgt tdjor vgiugbij mgtg
Pgkj - =
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje *)&jlto+j ca ca P"c&jlt ch ch Ickoh Ickoh \ystje' ]dj goh cbfjltovj cbfjltovj ca tdj Prcfjlt ch ch (c"oh \!stj \!stj os tc ghg"j tdj tdj mjtgois ca #sjrhg #sjrhgj0 j0 Pgsswc Pgsswcrm0 rm0 (c"oh0 (c"oh0 Rj"ostj Rj"ostjr0 r0 Prc"rg Prc"rgjr jr++ Ot ghg"js ghg"js gii tdj ohacrgt ohacrgtoch och gbcut #sjrhgj0 %dgh"j Pgsswcrm0 Prc"rgjr0 #sjrhgj+ ]dj prcfjlt os tctgii! buoit gt gmohostrgtovj jhm ghm tdus chi! tdj gmohostrgtcr os "ugrghtjjm tdj glljss+ ]dj purpcsj ca tdj prcfjlt os tc buoim gh gppiolgtoch prc"rg tc rjmulj tdj ghugi wcr. acr ghg"oh" tdj #sjrhgj0 Pgsswcrm0 %dgh"j Pgsswcrm0 (c"oh+ Ot trgl.s gii tdj mjtgois gbcut tdj (c"oh0 Rj"ostjr0 Prc"rgjr+ ,$hltochgiotojs p"c+o#j# )y Ickoh \ystje g"j gs aciics'
Prcvomjs tdj sjgrldoh" agloiotojs bgsjm ch vgrocus agltcrs+ \uld gs #sjrhgj0 (c"oh0 Rj"ostjr0 Prc"rgjr (c"oh \!stj gisc ghg"j tdj %dgh"j Pgsswcrm mjtgois chiohj acr Rj"ostjr mjtgois0 Prc"rgjr mjtgois0 #sjrhgj+ Ot trgl.s gii tdj ohacrgtoch ca Pgsswcrm0 %dgh"j Pgsswcrm0 Rj"ostjr jlt Eghg"j tdj ohacrgtoch ca Pgsswcrm \dcws tdj ohacrgtoch ghm mjslroptoch ca tdj #sjrhgj0 (c"oh ]c ohlrjgsj jaaolojhl! ca ghg"oh" tdj #sjrhgj0 Pgsswcrm Ot mjgis wotd chotcroh" tdj ohacrgtoch ghm trghsgltochs ca Rj"ostjr+ Eghg"j tdj ohacrgtoch ca #sjrhgj 2motoh"0 gmmoh" ghm upmgtoh" ca Rjlcrms os oprcvjm wdold rjsuits oh prcpjr rjscurlj ghg"jjht ca #sjrhgj mgtg+
Pgkj - :
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje Eghg"j tdj ohacrgtoch ca Rj"ostjr Ohtj"rgtoch ca gii rjlcrms ca Prc"rgjr+
Pgkj - 1
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje \lcpj ca t%j p"c&jlt Ickoh \ystje Ot g! djip lciijltoh" pjrajlt ghg"jjht oh mjtgois+ Oh g vjr! sdcrt toj0 tdj lciij lciijlt ltoch och woii woii bj cbvocu cbvocus0 s0 sopi sopij j ghm sjhso sjhsobi bij+ j+ Ot woii woii djip djip g pjrsc pjrsch h tc .hcw .hcw tdj ghg"jjht ca pgssjm !jgr pjrajlti! ghm vovomi!+ Ot gisc djips oh lurrjht gii wcr.s rjigtovj tc (c"oh \!stj+ Ot woii bj gisc rjmuljm tdj lcst ca lciijltoh" tdj ghg"jjht = lciijltoch prcljmurj woii "c ch scctdi!+ Cur Cur prcf prcfjl jltt gos gos gt )uso )usohj hjss ss prcl prcljs jss s gutc gutcg gto toch ch00 o+j+ o+j+ wj dgvj dgvj troj trojm m tc lcputjroj vgrocus prcljssjs ca (c"oh \!stj+ Oh lcputjr s!stj tdj pjrsch dgs tc aoii tdj vgrocus acrs = hubjr ca lcpojs ca tdj acrs lgh bj jgsoi! "jhjrgtjm gt g toj+ Oh lcputjr s!stj0 ot os hct hjljssgr! tc lrjgtj tdj ghoajst but wj lgh morjlti! proht ot0 wdold sgvjs cur toj+ ]c gssost tdj stgaa oh lgpturoh" tdj jaacrt spjht ch tdjor rjspjltovj wcr.oh" grjgs+ ]c utoioj rjscurljs oh gh jaaolojht ghhjr b! ohlrjgsoh" tdjor prcmultovot! tdrcu"d gutcgtoch+ ]dj ]dj s!st s!stj j "jhj "jhjrg rgtj tjs s t!pj t!pjs s ca ohac ohacr rgt gtoc och h tdgt tdgt lgh lgh bj usjm usjm acr acr vgro vgrocu cus s purpcsjs+ Ot sgtosa! tdj usjr rjquorjjht )j jgs! tc uhmjrstghm b! tdj usjr ghm cpjrgtcr )j jgs! tc cpjrgtj 'gvj g "ccm usjr ohtjraglj )j j,pghmgbij $jiovjrjm ch sldjmuij wotdoh tdj bum"jt+
Pgkj - ;
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje jpc"ts ca Ickoh \ystje' Ot "jhjrgtjs tdj rjpcrt ch #sjrhgj0 Pgsswcrm0%dgh"j Pgsswcrm Prcvomj aoitjr rjpcrts ch (c"oh0 Rj"ostjr0 Prc"rgjr :cu lgh jgsoi! j,pcrt P$A acr tdj #sjrhgj0%dgh"j Pgsswcrm0 Rj"ostjr Gppiolgtoch Gppiolgtoch gisc prcvomjs j,lji j,pcrt j,pcrt acr Pgsswcrm Pgsswcrm00 (c"oh0 Prc"rgjr Prc"rgjr :cu lgh lgh gisc gisc j,pcr j,pcrtt tdj tdj rjpcr rjpcrtt ohtc ohtc lsv acrg acrgtt acr #sjr #sjrhg hgj0 j0 Pgssw Pgsswcr crm0 m0 Prc"rgjr
/c#$ijs ca Ickoh \ystje' • • • •
• • • •
#sjrhgj Eghg"jjht Ecmuij1 #sjm acr ghg"oh" tdj #sjrhgj mjtgois+ Prc"rgjr Ecmuij 1 #sjm acr ghg"oh" tdj mjtgois ca Prc"rgjr %dgh"j Pgsswcrm Ecmuij 1 #sjm acr ghg"oh" tdj mjtgois ca %dgh"j Pgsswcrm Pgsswcrm Eghg"jjht Ecmuij1 #sjm acr ghg"oh" tdj ohacrgtoch ghm mjtgois ca tdj Pgsswcrm+ (c"oh Ecmuij 1 #sjm acr ghg"oh" tdj (c"oh mjtgois Rj"ostjr Ecmuij 1 #sjm acr ghg"oh" tdj Rj"ostjr ohacrgtochs (c"oh Ecmuij1 #sjm acr ghg"oh" tdj ic"oh mjtgois #sjrs Ecmuij 1 #sjm acr ghg"oh" tdj usjrs ca tdj s!stj
Pgkj - 4
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje !hp$t gtg gh# gio gio#gtoch #gtoch ca P"c&jlt ch Ickoh Ickoh \ystje Gii tdj aojims suld gs #sjrhgj0 #sjrhgj0 (c"oh0 Prc"rgjr grj vgiomgtjm vgiomgtjm ghm mcjs hct tg.j ohvgiom vgiujs 2gld acr acr #sjrhgj0 Pgsswcrm0%dgh"j Pgsswcrm lgh hct glljpt bigh. vgiuj aojims Gvcomoh" Gvcomoh" jrrcrs jrrcrs oh mgtg %chtrciioh" gcuht ca ohput Ohtj"rgtoch ca gii tdj cmuijs
Pgkj - ?
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje ]jstoh" ca tdj auhltochgiot! ohvcivoh" gii t!pj ca lgiluigtochs jtl+ %cjhtoh" stghmgrm oh tdj scurlj aoijs+ ]%j scatg"j 2$gioty pigh j oii $sj t%j aciicohk \( \t"gtjky' •
Oh tdj aorst stjp0 wj woii sjijlt tdj tjst agltcrs ghm rgh. tdj+ ]dj sjijltjm tjst agltcrs suld gs rjiogboiot!0 gohtgohgboiot!0 pcrtgboiot! cr jtl0 woii bj pigljm oh tdj
•
gtro, gllcrmoh" tc tdjor rgh.s+ ]dj sjlchm stjp os acr omjhtoa!oh" tdj pdgsjs ca tdj mjvjicpjht prcljss+ ]dj
•
pdgsj sdcuim bj rjlcrmjm oh tdj gtro,+ ]dj tdorm stjp os tdgt omjhtoa!oh" tdj busohjss ros.s ca tdj scatwgrj mjiovjrgbijs+ ]dj ros.s woii bj rgh.jm ohtc tdrjj rgh.s suld gs do"d0 jmou ghm icw+
Pgkj - 70
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje ,jgt$"js ca t%j p"c&jlt Ickoh \ystje' •
Prcmult ghm %cpchjht bgsjm
•
%rjgtoh" = %dgh"oh" Ossujs gt jgsj
•
4ujr! Ossuj (ost tc gh! mjptd
•
Rjpcrtoh" = %dgrtoh" oh crj lcprjdjhsovj wg!
•
#sjr Gllcuhts tc lchtrci tdj glljss ghm gohtgoh sjlurot!
•
\opij \tgtus = Rjsciutochs
•
Euito/ijvji Procrotojs = \jvjrotojs+
•
]gr"jts = Eoijstchjs acr "uomoh" tdj prc"rgjrs
•
Gttgldjhts Gttgldjhts = Gmmotochgi Gmmotochgi %cjhts %cjhts acr acr crj ohacrgtoch ohacrgtoch
•
Rcbust mgtgbgsj bgl./jhm
•
;grocus ijvji ca rjpcrts gvgoigbij wotd g ict ca aoitjr lrotjrog?s
•
Ot lchtgoh bjttjr stcrg"j lgpglot!+
•
Gllurgl! oh wcr.+
•
2gs! = agst rjtrojvgi ca ohacrgtoch+
•
6jii mjso"hjm rjpcrts+
•
$jlrjgsj tdj icgm ca tdj pjrsch ohvcivj oh j,ostoh" ghugi s!stj+
•
Glljss ca gh! ohacrgtoch ohacrgtoch ohmovomugii!+ ohmovomugii!+
•
6cr. bjlcjs vjr! spjjm!+
•
2gs! tc upmgtj ohacrgtoch
Pgkj - 77
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje \catg"j j2$o"jejht \pjloaolgtoch ]dj \catwgrj Rjquorjjhts \pjloaolgtoch os prcmuljm gt tdj luiohgtoch ca tdj ghgi!sos tgs.+ ]dj auhltoch ghm pjracrghlj giiclgtjm tc scatwgrj gs pgrt ca s!stj jh"ohjjroh" grj rjaohjm b! jstgbiosdoh" g lcpijtj ohacrgtoch mjslroptoch0 g mjtgoijm auhltochgi ghm bjdgvocrgi mjslroptoch0 gh ohmolgtoch ca pjracrghlj rjquorjjhts ghm mjso mjso"h "h lchs lchstr trgo goht hts0 s0 gppr gpprcp cpro rogt gtj j vgio vgiomg mgto toch ch lrot lrotjr jrog og00 ghm ghm ctdj ctdjrr mgtg mgtg pjrt pjrtoh ohjh jhtt tc rjquorjjhts+
]%j p"cpcsj# systje %gs t%j aciicohk "j2$o"jejhts'
\!stj hjjms stcrj ohacrgtoch gbcut hjw jhtr! ca #sjrhgj+ \!stj hjjms tc djip tdj ohtjrhgi stgaa tc .jjp ohacrgtoch ca Pgsswcrm ghm aohm tdj gs pjr vgrocus qujrojs+ \!stj hjjm tc gohtgoh qughtot! rjlcrm+ \!stj hjjm tc .jjp tdj rjlcrm ca (c"oh+ \!stj hjjm tc upmgtj ghm mjijtj tdj rjlcrm+ \!stj gisc hjjms g sjgrld grjg+ Ot gisc hjjms g sjlurot! s!stj tc prjvjht mgtg+
Pgkj - 7
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje !#jhtoaolgtoch ca hjj#' ]dj cim ghugi s!stj wgs suaajroh" arc g sjrojs ca mrgwbgl.s+ \ohlj wdcij ca tdj s!stj wgs tc bj gohtgohjm wotd dghms tdj prcljss ca .jjpoh"0 gohtgohoh" ghm rjtrojvoh" tdj ohacrgtoch wgs vjr! tjmocus ghm ijh"td!+ ]dj rjlcrms wjrj hjvjr usjm tc bj oh g s!stjgtol crmjr+ tdjrj usjm tc bj icts ca moaaoluitojs oh gssclogtoh" gh! pgrtoluigr trghsgltoch wotd g pgrtoluigr lchtj,t+ Oa gh! ohacrgtoch wgs tc bj acuhm ot wgs rjquorjm tc "c tdrcu"d tdj moaajrjht rj"ostjrs0 mclujhts tdjrj wcuim hjvjr j,ost gh!tdoh" io.j rjpcrt rjpcrt "jhjrg "jhjrgtoch toch++ ]djrj ]djrj wcuim wcuim giwg!s giwg!s bj uhhjlj uhhjljssgr! ssgr! lchsuptoc lchsuptoch h ca toj wdoij wdoij jhtjroh" rjlcrms ghm rjtrojvoh" rjlcrms+ Chj crj prcbij wgs tdgt ot wgs vjr! moaaoluit tc aohm jrrcrs wdoij jhtjroh" tdj rjlcrms+ Chlj tdj rjlcrms wjrj jhtjrjm ot wgs vjr! moaaoluit tc upmgtj tdjsj rjlcrms+ ]dj rjgsch bjdohm ot os tdgt tdjrj os ict ca ohacrgtoch tc bj gohtgohjm ghm dgvj tc bj .jpt oh ohm wdoij ruhhoh" tdj busohjss +Acr tdos rjgsch wj dgvj prcvomjm ajgturjs Prjsjht s!stj os pgrtogii! gutcgtjm >lcputjrojm90 >lcputjrojm90 gltugii! j,ostoh" s!stj os quotj igbcrocus gs chj dgs tc jhtjr sgj ohacrgtoch gt tdrjj moaajrjht pigljs+ ,ciicohk pcohts s%c$i# )j jii lchso#j"j#' •
$clujhts ghm rjpcrts tdgt ust bj prcvomjm b! tdj hjw s!stj1 tdjrj lgh gisc bj ajw rjpcrt rjpcrts0 s0 wdold wdold lgh lgh djip djip ghg" ghg"jj jjht ht oh mjlos mjlosoch och/g /g.o .oh" h" ghm ghm lcst lcst lchtrciioh"0 but sohlj tdjsj rjpcrts mc hct "jt rjquorjm gttjhtoch0 suld .ohm ca rjpcrts ghm ohacrgtoch wjrj gisc omjhtoaojm ghm "ovjh rjquorjm gttjhtoch+
•
$jtgois ca tdj ohacrgtoch hjjmjm acr jgld mclujht ghm rjpcrt+
•
]dj rjquorjm arjqujhl! ghm mostrobutoch acr jgld mclujht+
•
Prcbgbij scurljs ca ohacrgtoch acr jgld mclujht ghm rjpcrt+
•
6otd tdj opijjhtgtoch ca lcputjrojm s!stj0 tdj tgs. ca .jjpoh" rjlcrms oh gh cr"g cr"gho hoj jm m ghh ghhjr jr woii woii bj sciv scivjm jm++ ]dj ]dj "rjg "rjgtj tjst st ca gii gii os tdj tdj rjtr rjtroj ojvg vgii ca
Pgkj - 7<
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje ohacrgtoch0 wdold woii bj gt tdj liol. ca tdj cusj+ \c tdj prcpcsjm s!stj djips oh sgvoh" tdj toj oh moaajrjht cpjrgtochs ghm g.oh" ohacrgtoch aicw jgs! "ovoh" vgiugbij rjpcrts+
Pgkj - 7=
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje ,jgso)oioty \t$#y' Gatjr mcoh" tdj prcfjlt (c"oh \!stj0 stum! ghm ghgi!oh" ghgi!oh" gii tdj j,ostoh" cr rjquorjm auhltochgiotojs ca tdj s!stj0 tdj hj,t tgs. os tc mc tdj ajgsoboiot! stum! acr tdj prcfjlt+ Gii prcfjlts grj ajgsobij / "ovjh uhiootjm rjscurljs ghm ohaohotj toj+ Ajgsoboiot! stum! ohliumjs lchsomjrgtoch ca gii tdj pcssobij wg!s tc prcvomj g sciutoch tc tdj "ovjh prcbij+ ]dj prcpcsjm sciutoch sdcuim sgtosa! gii tdj usjr rjquorjjhts ghm sdcuim bj aij,obij jhcu"d sc tdgt auturj ldgh"js lgh bj jgsoi! mchj bgsjm ch tdj auturj uplcoh" rjquorjjhts+ (. lchceolgi ,jgso)oioty
]dos os g vjr! opcrtght gspjlt tc bj lchsomjrjm lchsomjrjm wdoij mjvjicpoh" mjvjicpoh" g prcfjlt+ 6j mjlomjm tdj tjldhcic"! bgsjm ch ohou pcssobij lcst agltcr+ • •
Gii dgrmwgrj dgrmwgrj ghm scatwgrj scatwgrj lcst dgs tc bj bcrhj bcrhj b! tdj tdj cr"ghogtoch+ cr"ghogtoch+ Cvjrgii wj dgvj jstogtjm tdgt tdj bjhjaots tdj cr"ghogtoch os "coh" tc rjljovj arc tdj prcpcsjm s!stj woii surji! cvjrlcj tdj ohotogi lcsts ghm tdj igtjr ch ruhhoh" lcst acr s!stj+
. ]jl%holgi ,jgso)oioty
]dos ohliumjm tdj stum! ca auhltoch0 pjracrghlj ghm lchstrgohts tdgt g! gaajlt tdj tdj gboio gboiot! t! tc gldo gldojvj jvj gh glljp glljptg tgbij bij s!st s!stj+ j+ Acr Acr tdos tdos ajgso ajgsobo boiot iot! ! stum! stum!00 wj stumoj stumojm m lcpi lcpijtj jtj auhlt auhltoch ochgi giot! ot! tc bj prcvom prcvomjm jm oh tdj tdj s!st s!stj0 j0 gs mjsl mjslrob robjm jm oh tdj \!stj \!stj Rjquo Rjquorj rjjh jhtt \pjl \pjloao oaolgt lgtoc och h >\R\ >\R\90 90 ghm ghm ldjl. ldjl.jm jm oa jvjr! jvjr!tdo tdoh" h" wgs wgs pcss pcssobi obij j usoh" usoh" moaajrjht t!pj ca archtjhm ghm bgl.jhm pigacrst+
. *pj"gtochgi ,jgso)oioty
-c mcubt tdj prcpcsjm s!stj os auii! 5#O bgsjm tdgt os vjr! usjr arojhmi! ghm gii ohputs tc bj tg.jh gii sjia/j,pighgtcr! sjia/j,pighgtcr! jvjh tc g ig!gh+ )jsomjs0 g prcpjr trgohoh" dgs bjjh lchmultjm tc ijt .hcw tdj jssjhlj ca tdj s!stj tc tdj usjrs sc tdgt tdj! ajji lcacrtgbij lcacrtgbij wotd hjw s!stj+ Gs agr cur stum! os lchljrhjm lchljrhjm tdj liojhts grj lcacrtgbij ghm dgpp! gs tdj s!stj dgs lut mcwh tdjor icgms ghm mcoh"+
Pgkj - 7:
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje \ystje jsokh ca Ickoh \ystje Oh tdos pdgsj0 g ic"olgi s!stj os buoit wdold auiaois tdj "ovjh rjquorjjhts+ $jso"h pdgsj ca scatwgrj mjvjicpjht mjgis wotd trghsacroh" tdj liojhts?s rjquorjjhts ohtc g ic"olgii! wcr.oh" s!stj+ -crgii!0 -crgii!0 mjso"h os pjracrjm oh tdj aciicwoh" aciicwoh" oh tdj aciicwoh" twc stjps1 7. P"oeg P"oeg"y "y js jsok okh h P%gs P%gsj' j' Oh tdos pdgsj0 tdj s!stj os mjso"hjm gt bicl. ijvji+ ]dj bicl.s grj lrjgtjm ch
tdj bgsos ca ghgi!sos mchj oh tdj prcbij omjhtoaolgtoch pdgsj+ $oaajrjht bicl.s grj lrjgtjm acr moaajrjht auhltochs jpdgsos os put ch ohoosoh" tdj ohacrgtoch aicw bjtwjjh bicl.s+ ]dus0 gii gltovotojs wdold rjquorj crj ohtjrgltoch grj .jpt oh chj bicl.+ . \jlc \jlch# h#g"y g"y js jsok okh h P%gs P%gsj' j' Oh tdj sjlchmgr! pdgsj tdj mjtgoijm mjso"h ca jvjr! bicl. os pjracrjm+
]%j kjhj"gi tgss oh+ci+j# oh t%j #jsokh p"cljss g"j t%j aciicohk' 7. . <. =. :. 1. ;.
$jso"h vgrocus bicl.s acr cvjrgii s!stj prcljssjs+ $jso"h sgiijr0 lcpglt ghm wcr.gbij cmuijs oh jgld bicl.+ $jso"h vgrocus mgtgbgsj strulturjs+ \pjloa! mjtgois ca prc"rgs tc gldojvj mjsorjm auhltochgiot!+ $jso"h tdj acr ca ohputs0 ghm cutputs ca tdj s!stj+ Pjracr mclujhtgtoch ca tdj mjso"h+ \!stj rjvojws+
Pgkj - 71
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje sj" !htj"aglj jsokh #sjr Ohtjraglj $jso"h os lchljrhjm wotd tdj mogic"uj bjtwjjh g usjr ghm tdj lcputjr+ Ot os lchljrhjm wotd jvjr!tdoh" arc stgrtoh" tdj s!stj cr ic""oh" ohtc tdj s!stj tc tdj jvjhtugii! jvjhtugii! prjsjhtgtoch ca mjsorjm ohputs ghm cutputs+ ]dj cvjrgii aicw ca slrjjhs ghm jssg"js os lgiijm g mogic"uj+ ]%j aciicohk stjps g"j +g"oc$s k$o#jiohjs ac" sj" !htj"aglj jsokh' 7. ]dj s!stj usjr sdcuim giwg!s bj gwgrj ca wdgt tc mc hj,t+
ohstrultochs . ]dj slrjjh sdcuim bj acrgttjm sc tdgt vgrocus t!pjs ca ohacrgtoch0 ohstrultochs ghm jssg"js giwg!s gppjgr oh tdj sgj "jhjrgi mospig! grjg+ <. Ejssg"j0 ohstrultochs cr ohacrgtoch sdcuim bj mospig!jm ich" jhcu"d tc giicw
tdj s!stj usjr tc rjgm tdj+ =. #sj mospig! gttrobutjs spgroh"i!+ :. $jaguit vgiujs acr aojims ghm ghswjrs tc bj jhtjrjm b! tdj usjr sdcuim bj
spjloaojm+ sdcuim hct bj giicwjm giicwjm tc prcljjm prcljjm wotdcut wotdcut lcrrjltoh" lcrrjltoh" gh gh jrrcr+ jrrcr+ 1. G usjr sdcuim ;. ]dj s!stj usjr sdcuim hjvjr "jt gh cpjrgtoh" s!stj jssg"j cr agtgi jrrcr+
Pgkj - 7;
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje
P"jioeohg"y P"c#$lt jsl"optoch' ]dj aorst stjp oh tdj s!stj mjvjicpjht ioaj l!lij os tdj prjioohgr! ohvjsto"gtoch tc mjtjrohj tdj ajgsoboiot! ca tdj s!stj+ ]dj purpcsj ca tdj prjioohgr! ohvjsto"gtoch os tc jvgiugtj prcfjlt rjqujsts+ rjqujsts+ Ot os hct g mjso"h stum! hcr mcjs ot ohliumj tdj lciijltoch lciijltoch ca mjtgois tc mjslrobj tdj busohjss s!stj oh gii rjspjlt+ Rgtdjr0 ot os tdj lciijltoh" ca ohacrgtoch ohacrgtoch tdgt djips lcottjj jbjrs tc jvgiugtj tdj jrots ca tdj prcfjlt rjqujst ghm g.j gh ohacrjm fum"jht gbcut tdj ajgsoboiot! ca tdj prcpcsjm prcfjlt+ (hgiysts c"ohk ch t%j p"jioeohg"y oh+jstokgtoch s%c$i# gllcepios% t%j aciicohk c)&jlto+js'
%igroa! ghm uhmjrstghm tdj prcfjlt rjqujst $jtjrohj tdj soj ca tdj prcfjlt+ Gssjss lcsts ghm bjhjaots ca gitjrhgtovj gitjrhgtovj gpprcgldjs gpprcgldjs++ $jtjrohj tdj tjldholgi ghm cpjrgtochgi ajgsoboiot! ca gitjrhgtovj gpprcgldjs+ Rjpc Rjpcrt rt tdj tdj aohmo aohmoh"s h"s tc ghg" ghg"jj jjht ht00 wotd wotd rjlc rjlcjh jhmgt mgtoch ochs s cutioh cutiohoh" oh" tdj glljptghlj cr rjfjltoch ca tdj prcpcsgi+
jhjaot tc *"kghogtoch
]dj ]d j cr cr"g "gho hogt gtoch och wo woiiii cbv cbvocu ocusi! si! bj gb gbij ij tc "g "goh oh bj bjhja hjaots ots su suld ld gs sg sgvoh voh"s "s oh cpjrgtoh" lcst0 rjmultoch oh pgpjrwcr.0 bjttjr utoiogtoch ca dugh rjscurljs ghm crj prjsjhtgbij og"j ohlrjgsoh" "ccmwoii+
]%j !hotogi cst
]dj ohotogi lcst ca sjttoh" up tdj s!stj woii ohliumj tdj lcst ca dgrmwgrj scatwgrj >C\0 gmm/ch scatwgrj0 utoiotojs9 = igbcur >sjtup = gohtjhghlj9+ ]dj sgj dgs tc bjgr b! tdj cr"ghogtoch+
Pgkj - 74
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje $hhohk cst
)jsomjs0 tdj ohotogi lcst tdj ich" tjr lcst woii ohliumj tdj ruhhoh" lcst acr tdj s!stj s!stj ohliumo ohliumoh" h" tdj GE%0 stgtochgr! stgtochgr! ldgr"js ldgr"js00 lcst acr dugh dugh rjscurl rjscurljs0 js0 lcst acr upmgtj
]dj ]d j us usjr jrs s gi gich ch" " wot otd d td tdj j gm gmo oho host strg rgtc tcrr hj hjjm jm tc bj tr trgo gohj hjm m gt td tdj j to toj j ca opijjhtgtoch ca tdj s!stj acr scctd ruhhoh" ca tdj s!stj+ ]dj liojht woii prcvomj tdj trgohoh" sotj+ 6j tgi.jm tc tdj ghg"jjht pjcpij wdc wjrj ghg"oh" g tdj aohghlogi ossujs ca tdj ljhtjr0 tdj stgaa wdc wjrj .jjpoh" tdj rjlcrms oh icts ca rj"ostjrs ghm tdj rjpcr rjpcrtoh toh" " ghg" ghg"jr jr rj"gr rj"grmoh moh" " tdjor tdjor j,ost j,ostoh" oh" s!stj s!stj0 0 tdjor tdjor rjquo rjquorj rjjh jhts ts ghm ghm tdjor tdjor j,pjltgtochs arc tdj hjw prcpcsjm s!stj+ ]djh0 wj mom tdj s!stj stum! ca tdj jhtorj s!stj bgsjm ch tdjor rjquorjjhts ghm tdj gmmotochgi ajgturjs tdj! wghtjm tc ohlcrpcrgtj oh tdos s!stj+ Rjiogbij0 gllurgtj ghm sjlurj mgtg wgs gisc lchsomjrjm tc bj g lcpij, tgs. wotdcut tdos prcpcsjm s!stj+ )jlgusj tdjrj wgs hc suld rjlcrm acr .jjpoh" trgl. ca gii tdj gltovotojs0 wdold wgs mchj b! tdj (c"oh \!stj ch tdj mgoi! bgsos+ ]dj hjw s!stj prcpcsjm ghm tdjh mjvjicpjm b! j woii jgsj tdj tgs. ca tdj cr"ghogtoch oh lchsomjrgtoch+ Ot woii bj djipaui oh "jhjrgtoh" tdj rjquorjm rjpcrts b! tdj stgaa0 wdold woii djip tdj tc trgl. tdjor prc"rjss ghm sjrvoljs+ ]dus0 ot woii jgsj tdj tgs. ca Eghg"jjht tc g "rjgt j,tjht gs gii tdj gfcr gltovotojs tc bj pjracrjm0 grj lcputjrojm tdrcu"d tdos s!stj+
Pgkj - 7?
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje
P"c&jlt gtjkc"y Rjigtochgi $gtgbgsj Eghg"jjht \!stj >R$)E\9 1 ]dos os gh R$)E\ bgsjm prcfjlt wdold wdold os lurrj lurrjhti hti! ! usoh" usoh" E!\4 E!\4( ( acr acr gii gii tdj tdj trghs trghsglt gltoch och stgtj stgtjjh jhts+ ts+ E!\4 E!\4( ( os gh cpjhscurlj R$)E\ \!stj+ "oja !ht"c#$ltoch g)c$t \/ '
G rjigtochgi mgtgbgsj mgtgbgsj ghg"jjht ghg"jjht s!stj >R$)E\9 >R$)E\9 os g mgtgbgsj mgtgbgsj ghg"jjht ghg"jjht s!stj >$)E\9 tdgt os bgsjm ch tdj rjigtochgi cmji gs ohvjhtjm b! 2+ A+ %cmm0 ca O)E8s \gh 3csj Rjsjgrld (gbcrgtcr!+ Egh! pcpuigr mgtgbgsjs lurrjhti! oh usj grj bgsjm ch tdj rjigtochgi mgtgbgsj cmji+ R$)E\s dgvj bjlcj g prjmcohght ldcolj acr tdj stcrg"j ca ohacrgtoch oh hjw mgtgb mgtgbgs gsjs js usjm usjm acr acr aohgh aohghlo logi gi rjlcr rjlcrms ms00 ghuag ghuagltu lturoh roh" " ghm ghm ic"os ic"ostol tolgi gi ohacr ohacrgt gtoch och00 pjrschhji mgtg0 ghm uld crj sohlj tdj 7@Bs+ Rjigtochgi mgtgbgsjs dgvj catjh rjpigljm ij"gl! dojrgrldolgi mgtgbgsjs ghm hjtwcr. mgtgbgsjs bjlgusj tdj! grj jgsojr tc uhmjrstghm ghm usj+ 'cwjvjr0 rjigtochgi rjigtochgi mgtgbgsjs dgvj bjjh ldgiijh"jm ldgiijh"jm b! cbfjlt mgtgb mgtgbgs gsjs js00 wdold wdold wjrj wjrj ohtrc ohtrcmu muljm ljm oh gh gttjp gttjptt tc gmmrj gmmrjss ss tdj tdj cbfjl cbfjlt/r t/rjig jigtoc tochgi hgi opjmghlj osgtld oh rjigtochgi mgtgbgsj0 ghm LE( mgtgbgsjs+
Pgkj - 0
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje !epijejhtgtoch /jt%c#cicky' Ecmji ;ojw %chtrciijr cr E;% gs ot os pcpuigri! lgiijm0 os g scatwgrj mjso"h pgttjrh acr mjvjicpoh" wjb gppiolgtochs+ G Ecmji ;ojw %chtrciijr pgttjrh os gmj up ca tdj aciicwoh" tdrjj pgrts1 • • •
/c#ji / ]dj icwjst ijvji ca tdj pgttjrh wdold os rjspchsobij acr gohtgohoh" mgtg+ oj / ]dos os rjspchsobij acr mospig!oh" gii cr g pcrtoch ca tdj mgtg tc tdj usjr+ / \catwgrj %cmj tdgt lchtrcis tdj ohtjrgltochs bjtwjjh tdj Ecmji ghm cht"ciij" /
;ojw+ E;% os pcpuigr gs ot oscigtjs tdj gppiolgtoch ic"ol arc tdj usjr ohtjraglj ig!jr ghm suppcrts sjpgrgtoch ca lchljrhs+ 'jrj tdj %chtrciijr %chtrciijr rjljovjs gii rjqujsts acr tdj gppiolgtoch ghm tdjh wcr.s wotd tdj Ecmji tc prjpgrj gh! mgtg hjjmjm b! tdj ;ojw+ ]dj ;ojw tdjh usjs tdj mgtg prjpgrjm b! tdj %chtrciijr tc "jhjrgtj g aohgi prjsjhtgbij rjspchsj+ ]dj E;% gbstrgltoch lgh bj "rgpdolgii! rjprjsjhtjm gs aciicws+ / 6/c#ji oj cht"ciij" ,ic> ogk"ge (]( (]( ,I*9 !(5(/\ ! (5(/\ ]ccis8Pigtac"e3
@g"#g"j gh# \catg"j
j2$o"jejht
spjloaolgtochs'
\catg"j
j2$o"jejhts' Hgej ca lcepchjht *pj"gtohk \ystje
\pjloaolgtoch 6ohmcw 6oh mcws s @0 6oh 6ohmc mcws ws LP LP00 6oh 6ohmc mcws wsM0 M0
Pgkj - 7
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje
Ighk$gkj gtg)gsj "csj" 9j) \j"+j" \catg"j j+jicpejht Got \l"optohk Ighk$gkj hg)ij gtg)gsj B "o+j"
(ohu, 3gvg J Ruhtoj 2hvorchjht E!\4( \jrvjr Gh! ca Ecoiig0 Ecoiig0 Cpjrg0 Cpjrg0 %drcj %drcj jtl ]clgt M 3gvg 3$ 7+M cr Gbcvj 3\P >3gvg \jrvjr Pg"js9 E!\4( 3lchhjltcr
@g"#g"j j2$o"jejhts' Hgej ca lcepchjht P"cljssc" (/ @g"# #os /chotc" Gjy)cg"# Gj y)cg"#
\pjloaolgtoch Pjhtou OOO KDBE' 7J E) JB 5) 7F lcicr chotcr 7JJ .j!s
Pgkj -
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje \ystje (hgiysos'
\!stj ghgi!sos os g prcljss ca "gtdjroh" ghm ohtjrprjtoh" aglts0 mog"hcsoh" prcbijs ghm tdj ohacrgtoch gbcut tdj (c"oh \!stj tc rjlcjhm rjlcjhm oprcvjjhts ch tdj tdj s!stj s!stj+ + Ot os g prcb prcbij ij scivoh scivoh" " gltov gltovot! ot! tdgt tdgt rjquor rjquorjs js ohtjh ohtjhsov sovj j lcu lcuhol holgto gtoch ch bjtwjjh tdj s!stj usjrs ghm s!stj mjvjicpjrs+ \!stj ghgi!sos cr stum! os gh opcrtght pdgsj ca gh! s!stj mjvjicpjht prcljss+ ]dj s!stj os stumojm tc tdj ohutjst mjtgoi ghm ghgi!jm+ ]dj s!stj ghgi!st pig!s tdj rcij ca tdj ohtjrrc"gtcr ghm mwjiis mjjp ohtc tdj wcr.oh" ca tdj prjsjht s!stj+ ]dj s!stj os vojwjm gs g wdcij ghm tdj ohput tc tdj s!stj grj omjhtoaojm+ ]dj cutputs arc tdj cr"ghogtochs grj trgljm tc tdj vgrocus prcljssjs+ \!stj ghgi!sos os lchljrhjm wotd bjlcoh" gwgrj ca tdj prcbij0 omjhtoa!oh" tdj rjijvght ghm mjlosochgi vgrogbijs0 ghgi!oh" ghm s!htdjsooh" tdj vgrocus agltcrs ghm mjtjrohoh" gh cptogi cr gt ijgst g sgtosagltcr! sciutoch cr prc"rg ca gltoch+ G mjtgoijm stum! ca tdj prcljss ust bj gmj b! vgrocus tjldhoqujs io.j io.j ohtjrv ohtjrvojw ojws0 s0 qujst qujstoch ochhg hgorj orjs s jtl+ jtl+ ]dj ]dj mgtg mgtg lciij lciijltj ltjm m b! tdjsj tdjsj scurl scurljs js ust ust bj slrutohojm tc grrovj tc g lchliusoch+ ]dj lchliusoch os gh uhmjrstghmoh" ca dcw tdj s!stj auhltochs+ auhltochs+ ]dos s!stj os lgiijm tdj j,ostoh" s!stj+ -cw tdj j,ostoh" s!stj os subfjltjm tc licsj stum! ghm prcbij grjgs grj omjhtoaojm+ ]dj mjso"hjr hcw auhltochs gs g prcbij scivjr ghm trojs tc scrt cut tdj moaaoluitojs tdgt tdj jhtjrprosj agljs+ ]dj sciutochs grj "ovjh gs prcpcsgis+ ]dj prcpcsgi os tdjh wjo"djm wotd tdj j,ostoh" s!stj ghgi!tolgii! ghm tdj bjst chj os sjijltjm+ ]dj prcpcsgi os prjsjhtjm tc tdj usjr acr gh jhmcrsj jhmcrsjjht jht b! tdj usjr+ usjr+ ]dj prcpcsgi prcpcsgi os rjvojwj rjvojwjm m ch usjr usjr rjqujst rjqujst ghm suotgbi suotgbij j ldgh"js grj gmj+ ]dos os iccp tdgt jhms gs scch gs tdj usjr os sgtosaojm wotd prcpcsgi+ Prji Prjio ooh ohgr gr! ! stum stum! ! os tdj tdj prcl prcljs jss s ca "gtd "gtdjr jroh oh" " ghm ghm ohtj ohtjrp rprj rjto toh" h" aglt aglts0 s0 usoh usoh" " tdj tdj ohacrgtoch acr aurtdjr stumojs ch tdj s!stj+ Prjioohgr! stum! os prcbij scivoh" gltovot! tdgt rjquorjs ohtjhsovj lcuholgtoch bjtwjjh tdj s!stj usjrs ghm s!stj mjvjicpjrs+ Ot mcjs vgrocus ajgsoboiot! stumojs+ Oh tdjsj stumojs g rcu"d ao"urj ca tdj s!stj gltovotojs lgh bj cbtgohjm0 arc wdold tdj mjlosoch gbcut tdj strgtj"ojs tc bj aciicwjm acr jaajltovj s!stj stum! ghm ghgi!sos lgh bj tg.jh+
Pgkj - <
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje
Lostohk \ystje ca Ickoh \ystje'
Oh tdj j,ostoh" s!stj tdj j,gs grj mchj chi! ghugii! but oh prcpcsjm s!stj wj dgvj tc lcputjroj tdj j,gs usoh" tdos gppiolgtoch+ (gl. ca sjlurot! ca mgtg+ Ecrj gh pcwjr+ ]oj lchsuoh"+ %chsujs igr"j vciuj ca pgrj wcr.+ -jjms ghugi lgiluigtochs+ -c morjlt rcij acr tdj do"djr caaologis
P"cpcsj# \ystje ca Ickoh \ystje'
]dj go ca prcpcsjm s!stj os tc mjvjicp g s!stj ca oprcvjm agloiotojs+ ]dj prcpcsjm s!stj lgh cvjrlcj gii tdj iootgtochs ca tdj j,ostoh" s!stj+ ]dj s!stj prcvomjs prcpjr sjlurot! ghm rjmuljs tdj ghugi wcr.+ \jlurot! ca mgtg+ 2hsurj mgtg gllurgl!?s+ Prcpjr lchtrci ca tdj do"djr caaologis+ Eohooj ghugi mgtg jhtr!+ Eohou toj hjjmjm acr tdj vgrocus prcljssoh"+ 5rjgtjr jaaolojhl!+ )jttjr sjrvolj+ #sjr arojhmiohjss ghm ohtjrgltovj+ Eohou toj rjquorjm+
Pgkj - =
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje gtg oltochg"y'
]dos os hcrgii! rjprjsjhtjm rjprjsjhtjm gs tdj mgtg gbcut mgtg+ Ot os gisc tjrjm gs jtgmgtg scj tojs wdold "ovjs tdj mgtg gbcut tdj mgtg stcrjm oh tdj mgtgbgsj+ mgtgbgsj+ Ot mjaohjs jgld mgtg tjr jhlcuhtjrjm muroh" tdj ghgi!sos ghm mjso"h ca g hjw s!stj+ $gtg jijjhts lgh mjslrobj aoijs cr tdj prcljssjs+ Aciicwoh" grj scj gfcr s!bcis usjm oh tdj mgtg moltochgr! •
N jquovgijht tc
•
I ghm
•
H jotdjr< cr
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,ciicohk g"j scej "$ijs3 %ol% #jaohjs t%j lchst"$ltoch ca #gtg #oltochg"y jht"ojs'
7+ 6crm 6crms s sdcui sdcuim m bj mjaohj mjaohjm m tc uhmjrst uhmjrstgh ghm m acr wdgt wdgt tdj! tdj! hjjm hjjm ghm hct tdj tdj vgrogbij hjjm b! wdold tdj! g! bj mjslrobjm oh tdj prc"rg + J+
2gld wc wcrm u ust bj bj uh uhoquj+ 6j 6j lg lghhct dg dgvj tw twc mj mjaohotoch ca ca td tdj sgj liojht+
D+
Giogsjs cr cr s! s!hch!s gr grj gi giicwjm wd wdjh tw twc cr cr c crj jh jhtjrs sd sdcws tdj sgj jghoh"+ Acr j,gpij g vjhmcr hubjr g! gisc bj lgiijm gs lustcjr hubjr+
+ G sjia/mjaohoh" sjia/mjaohoh" wcrm wcrm sdcuim hct hct bj mjlcpcsjm+ mjlcpcsjm+ Ot jghs tdgt tdgt tdj rjmultoch rjmultoch ca gh! ohacrgtoch oh tc subpgrt sdcuim bj mchj chi! oa ot os rjgii! rjquorjm tdgt os ot os hct jgs! tc uhmjrstghm morjlti!+ $gtg moltochgr! ohliumjs ohacrgtoch suld gs tdj hubjr ca rjlcrms oh aoij0 tdj arjqujhl! g prcljss woii ruh0 sjlurot! agltcr io.j pgss wcrm wdold usjr ust jhtjr tc "jt j,ljss tc tdj ohacrgtoch+
Pgkj - :
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje chli$soch ca t%j P"c&jlt Ickoh \ystje'
Cur prcfjlt os chi! g dubij vjhturj tc sgtosa! tdj hjjms tc ghg"j tdjor prcfjlt wcr.+ \jvjrgi usjr arojhmi! lcmoh" lcmoh" dgvj gisc gmcptjm+ ]dos ]dos pgl.g"j sdgii prcvj tc bj g pcwjraui pgl.g"j oh sgtosa!oh" gii tdj rjquorjjhts ca tdj sldcci+ ]dj cbfjltovj ca scatw scatwgrj grj pighh pighhoh oh" " os tc prcvo prcvomj mj g argj argj wcr. wcr. tdgt tdgt jhgb jhgbijs ijs tdj gh"j gh"jrr tc g.j g.j rjgschgbij rjgschgbij jstogtjs gmj wotdoh g iootjm toj argj gt tdj bj"ohhoh" ca tdj scatwgrj scatwgrj prcfjlt ghm sdcuim bj upmgtjm rj"uigri! gs tdj prcfjlt prc"rjssjs+ (t t%j jh# ot os lchli$#j# t%gt j %g+j eg#j jaac"t ch aciicohk pcohtsM •
G mjslroptoc mjslroptoch h ca tdj bgl."rcuhm bgl."rcuhm ghm ghm lchtj,t lchtj,t ca tdj prcfjlt prcfjlt ghm ots rjigtoch rjigtoch tc wcr. wcr. girjgm! mchj oh tdj grjg+
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Egmj stgtjjht ca tdj gos ghm cbfjltovjs ca tdj prcfjlt+
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]dj mjslroptoch ca Purpcsj0 \lcpj0 ghm gppiolgboiot!+
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6j mjaohj tdj prcbij ch wdold wj grj wcr.oh" oh tdj prcfjlt+
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6j mjslrobj tdj rjquorjjht \pjloaolgtochs ca tdj s!stj ghm tdj gltochs tdgt lgh bj mchj ch tdjsj tdoh"s+
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6j uhmjrstghm tdj prcbij mcgoh ghm prcmulj g cmji ca tdj s!stj0 wdold mjslrobjs cpjrgtochs tdgt lgh bj pjracrjm ch tdj s!stj+
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6j ohliumjm ajgturjs ghm cpjrgtochs oh mjtgoi0 ohliumoh" slrjjh ig!cuts+
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6j mjso"hjm usjr ohtjraglj ghm sjlurot! ossujs rjigtjm tc s!stj+
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Aohgii! tdj s!stj os opijjhtjm ghm tjstjm gllcrmoh" tc tjst lgsjs+
Pgkj - 1
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje ,$t$"j \lcpj ca t%j P"c&jlt' Oh g hutsdji hutsdjii0 i0 ot lgh bj sugrojm sugrojm tdgt tdj auturj auturj slcpj ca tdj prcfjlt prcfjlt lorlijs grcuhm gohtgohoh" ohacrgtoch rj"grmoh"1
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6j lgh gmm prohtjr oh auturj+
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6j lgh "ovj crj gmvghlj scatwgrj acr (c"oh \!stj ohliumoh" crj agloiotojs
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6j woii dcst tdj pigtacr ch chiohj sjrvjrs tc g.j ot glljssobij wcrimwomj
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Ohtj"rgtj uitopij icgm bgighljrs tc mostrobutj tdj icgms ca tdj s!stj
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%rjgtj tdj gstjr ghm sigvj mgtgbgsj strulturj tc rjmulj tdj cvjricgm ca tdj mgtgbgsj qujrojs
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Opijjht tdj bgl.up jldghos acr tg.oh" bgl.up ca lcmjbgsj ghm mgtgbgsj ch rj"uigr bgsos ch moaajrjht sjrvjrs
]dj gbcvj jhtochjm pcohts grj tdj jhdghljjhts wdold lgh bj mchj tc ohlrjgsj tdj gppio gppiolgb lgboiot! oiot! ghm ghm usg"j usg"j ca tdos tdos prcfjl prcfjlt+ t+ 'jrj 'jrj wj lgh lgh
gohtgoh gohtgoh tdj tdj rjlcrm rjlcrms s ca
#sjrhgj ghm Pgsswcrm+ Gisc0 gs ot lgh bj sjjh tdgt hcw/g/mg!s tdj pig!jrs grj vjrsgtoij0 o+j+ sc tdjrj os g slcpj acr ohtrcmuloh" g jtdcm tc gohtgoh tdj (c"oh \!stj+ 2hdghljjhts lgh bj mchj tc gohtgoh gii tdj #sjrhgj0 Pgsswcrm0 (c"oh0 Rj"ostjr0 Prc"rgjr+
6j dgvj ijat gii tdj cptochs cpjh sc tdgt oa tdjrj os gh! ctdjr auturj rjquorjjht oh tdj s!stj b! tdj usjr acr tdj jhdghljjht ca tdj s!stj tdjh ot os pcssobij tc opijjht tdj+Oh tdj igst wj wcuim io.j tc tdgh.s gii tdj pjrschs ohvcivjm oh tdj mjvjicpjht ca tdj s!stj morjlti! cr ohmorjlti!+ 6j dcpj tdgt tdj prcfjlt woii sjrvj ots purpcsj acr wdold ot os mjvjicp tdjrj b! uhmjriohoh" sulljss ca prcljss+
Pgkj - ;
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje Ioeotgtoch ca P"c&jlt ch Ickoh \ystje Gitdcu"d O dgvj put put ! bjst jaacrts tc g.j tdj tdj scatwgrj scatwgrj aij,obij0 aij,obij0 jgs! tc cpjrgtj cpjrgtj but iootgtochs lghhct bj ruijm cut jvjh b! j+ ]dcu"d tdj scatwgrj prjsjhts g brcgm rgh"j ca cptochs tc ots usjrs scj ohtrolgtj cptochs lcuim hct bj lcvjrjm ohtc ot pgrti! bjlgusj ca ic"ostol ghm pgrti! muj tc igl. ca scpdostolgtoch+ Pgulot! ca toj wgs gisc gfcr lchstrgoht0 tdus ot wgs hct pcssobij tc g.j tdj scatwgrj acciprcca ghm m!hgol+ (gl. ca toj gisc lcpjiijm j tc o"hcrj scj pgrt suld gs stcroh" cim rjsuit ca tdj lghmomgtj jtl+ %chsomjrgbij jaacrts dgvj gmj tdj scatwgrj jgs! tc cpjrgtj jvjh acr tdj pjcpij hct rjigtjm tc tdj aojim ca lcputjrs but ot os gl.hcwijm"jm tdgt g ig!gh g! aohm ot g bot prcbijgtol gt tdj aorst ohstghlj+ ]dj usjr os prcvomjm djip gt jgld stjp acr dos lchvjhojhlj oh wcr.oh" wotd tdj scatwgrj+ Iost ca ioeotgtochs %ol% os g+goig)ij oh t%j Ickoh \ystje'
2,lji j,pcrt dgs hct bjjh mjvjicpjm acr #sjrhgj0 Pgsswcrm muj tc scj lrotolgiot!+ ]dj trghsgltochs grj j,jlutjm oh caa/iohj cmj0 djhlj ch/iohj mgtg acr (c"oh0 Rj"ostjr lgpturj ghm cmoaolgtoch os hct pcssobij+ Caa/iohj rjpcrts ca #sjrhgj0 Prc"rgjr0 (c"oh lghhct bj "jhjrgtjm muj tc bgtld cmj j,jlutoch+
Pgkj - 4
\yhcpsos ca Ickoh \ystje jaj"jhljs gh# o)iock"gp%y' • • • • • • • • • • • • •
5cc"ij acr prcbij scivoh" dttp1<
Pgkj - ?
