TAIPEI 101
TAIPEI 101 - A structural marvel created by combining the best of all structural systems.
SOME SO ME BAS BASIC IC IN INFO FORMA RMATIO TION N
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Arch Ar chit itec ectt – C. C.Y Y.Le Lee e & Pa Part rtne ners rs
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Stru St ruct ctur ural al En Engi gine neer er – Sh Shaw aw Sh Shie ieh h
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Structural Struc tural Consu Consult. lt. – Thorn Thorntonton-T Tom omasetti asetti Engin Engineers eers,, New Yo Yor r Cit! Cit!
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Year Ye ar Star Starte" te" – #une #une $% $%% % '(a '(all ll alr alrea" ea"! ! o)en o)en**
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Tota tall +ei eig ght – m m
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No. o /l /loors – $$
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Plan Ar Area – m 0 m
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Cost – 1 2 mi million
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3uil 3u il"i "ing ng 4se 4se – 5 5ic ice e Com Com)l )le6 e6 7 (a (all ll
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Par Pa rin ing g - 8, 8, m9, m9, $ $ car cars s
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:eta :e tail il - Tai) i)ei ei $$ $$ (a (all ll '22 '22, ,88 88 m9 m9**
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5ic 5 ices es - Taiwa iwan n Stoc Stoc E6 E6cha change nge '$% '$%,8 ,8;2 ;2 m9* m9*
CONCEPTION
Tai)ei $$, ormerl! nown as the Tai)ei
lic o China. The >uil"ing rane" oiciall! as the worl"?s tallest rom 9; until the o)ening o the 3ur@ halia in =u>ai in 9$. Bn #ul! 9$$, the >uil"ing was awar"e" LEE= Platinum certiication, the highest awar" in the Lea"ershi) in Energ! an" Enironmental =esign 'LEE=* rating s!stem an" >ecame the tallest an" largest green >uil"ing in the worl". Tai)ei Tai)ei $$ was "esigne" >! C.Y. Lee & )artners an" constructe" )rimaril! >! T:T #oint Denture. The tower has sere" as an icon o mo"ern Taiwan Taiwan eer since its o)ening, an" receie" the 9; Em)oris S!scra)er Awar". /irewors launche" rom Tai)ei Tai)ei $$ eature )rominentl! in international New Year?s Ee >roa"casts an" the structure a))ears reuentl! in trael literature an" international me"ia.
Tai)ei $$ com)rises $$ loors a>oe groun" an" loors un"ergroun". The >uil"ing was architecturall! create" as a s!m>ol o the eolution o technolog! an" Asian tra"ition. Bts )ostmo"ernist a))roach to st!le incor)orates tra"itional "esign elements an" gies them mo"ern treatments. The tower is "esigne" to withstan" t!)hoons an" earthuaes. A multi-leel sho))ing mall a"@oining the tower houses hun"re"s o ashiona>le stores an" :estaurants. DESIGN
The oerall a))earance was meant to eoe strong Chines >elies an" tra"itions, a >uil"ing that woul" >e an icon or the cit! o Tai)ei >! illustrating its communit!Fs attri>utes. The num>er $$ s!m>oliGes )erection >! >eing a ste) urther than $. =ii"ing the tower into eight loor segments was also ins)ire" >! the Chinese culture, in which this n um>er re)resents a>un"ance, )ros)erit! an" goo" ortune. 3oth the interior an" the e6terior o the Tai)ei am>oo lowers. The conce)ts o inancial richness an" eerlasting !outh in Chinese culture are re)resente" >! a >lossoming lower, which ins)ire" the "esigners to mae the >uil"ing o)en u)war"s. Naturall! there are man! other small "esign elements that were ins)ire" >! the same >elies, all )ointing out to the i"ea that the "esigners were er! on" o the Chinese culture an" chose to inclu"e as man! tra"itional elements as )ossi>le in the "esign o the Tai)ei
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
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Structure "e)icts a >am>oo stal
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Youth an" Longeit!
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Eerlasting Strength
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Pago"a St!le
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Eight )rominent sections
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Chinese luc! num>er HI
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Bn China, is a homon!m or )ros)erit!
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Een num>er J Hrh!thm an" s!mmetr!I
BUILDING FRAME
Materials
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Ksi Steel
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$, )si Concrete
Systems
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5utrigger Trusses
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(oment /rames
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3elt Trusses
Lateral La! Resista"#e
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3race" (oment /rames in the >uil"ingFs core
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5utrigger rom core to )erimeter
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Perimeter (oment /rames
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Shear walls
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3asement an" irst loors
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
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8 )iles with 8 inch concrete sla>. (ega columns- cm thic steel & $, )si concrete inill to )roi"e or oerturning.
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$K, tons o steel, gra"e K- 9 stronger.
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K cranes on site – steel )lacement.
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Electrical & (echanical.
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Curtain wall )lacement.
CHALLENGES FACED
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Tai)ei >eing a coastal cit! the )ro>lems )resent areM
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T!)hoon win"s '+igh lateral "is)lacement ten"s to to))le structures*.
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Large )otential earthuaes 'enerates shear orces*.
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FOUNDATION
The >uil"ing is a )ile through cla! rich soil to >e"roc ; – K m >elow.The )lies are to))e" >! a oun"ation sla> which is 8m thic at the e"ges an" u) to m thic un"er the largest o columns.There are a total o 8 $.m "ia. Tower )iles. COLUMN SYSTEM
Photos of Site during Construction
rait! loa"s are carrie" erticall! >! a ariet! o columns.racing in each "irection.The columns are >o6 sections constructe" o steel )lates, ille" with concrete or a""e" strength as well as stiness till the K9n" loor. 5n the )erimeter, u) to the 9Kth loor, each o the our >uil"ing aces has two Osu)ercolumns,F two Osu>-su)er-columns,F an" two corner columns.Each ace o the )erimeter a>oe the 9Kth loor has the two Osu)er-columnsF continue u)war".The Osu)er-columnsF an" Osu>-su)er-columnsF are steel >o6 sections, ille" with $, )si '(2* high )erormance concrete on lower loors or strength an" stiness u) to the K9n" loor.
Typical plan upto 26 th storey
LATERAL LOADING SYSTEM
Typical plan from 27 th to 9st storey
!or additional core stiffness" the lo#est floors from basement to the $th floor have concrete shear #alls cast bet#een core columns in addition to diagonal braces.
The most o the lateral loa"s will >e resiste" >! a com>ination o >race" cores, cantileers rom the core to the )erimeter, the su)er columns an" the S)ecial moment resisting rame 'S(:/*.The cantileers 'horiGontal trusse" rom the core to the )erimeter* occur at $$ leels in the structure. o them are "ou>le store! high an" the rest single store!.$K o these mem>ers occur on each o such loors. The >alance o )erimeter raming is a slo)ing S)ecial (oment :esisting /rame 'S(:/*, a rigi"l!-connecte" gri" o sti >eams an" + sha)e columns which ollows the towerFs e6terior wall slo)e "own each stor! mo"ule.At each set>ac leel, grait! loa" is transerre" to Osu)er-columnsF through a stor!-high "iagonaliGe" truss in the )lane o the S(:/.A>oe the 9Kth loor, onl! two e6terior su)er-columns continue to rise u) to the %$st loor, so the S(:/ consists o K mm "ee) steel wi"e lange >eams an" columns, with columns siGe" to >e signiicantl! stronger than >eams or sta>ilit! in the eent o >eam !iel"ing.Each 2-stor! o S(:/ is carrie" >! a stor!-high truss to transer grait! an" cantileer orces to the su)er-columns, an" to han"le the greater stor! stiness o the core at cantileer loors. FLOOR SLAB $STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGMS%
Sla>s are com)osite in nature an" are t!)icall! $8. cms thic. CORE
racing in each "irection.
&IND DAMPER
The TABPEB $$ 5>serator! has the worl"?s largest an" heaiest win" "am)er with a "iameter reaching . m '$ eet* an" a weight o KK tons. Bt is the onl! o)erational win" "am)er in the
worl" e6)ose" or )u>lic iewing. The win" "am)er is sus)en"e" >etween the %9n" an" 2th loors an" is com)ose" o ;$ la!ers o $9. cm ' inch* thic steel )lates riete" together, sering as one o the e! elements o win" an" earthuae resistance s!stems o TABPEB $$.
T'"e! Mass Dam(er$TMD
The com)lete name o the TABPEB $$ win" "am)er is the tune" mass "am)er 'T(=*. The T(= has >een s)eciicall! "esigne" as a )assie "am)er s!stem an" is )ositione" at the center o the tower >etween the 2th an" %$n" loors. Bts main )ur)ose is to re"uce the swa!ing o the tower "uring strong win"s an" eliminate an! resulting "iscomort e6)erience" >! an!one within the >uil"ing. 4nlie conentional "am)er s!stems that are usuall! h i""en rom )u>lic iew, s)ecial unctional an" aesthetic consi"erations hae >een ma"e or the TABPEB $$ win" "am)er so that isitors can tae a loo at the entire win" "am)er s!stem an" see how it o)erates at the 5>serator!. INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURE OF &IND DAMPER
Mass Bl#)
The mass "am)er is com)ose" o ;$ la!ers o $9. cm ' inch* th ic soli" steel )lates stace" an" riete" together to orm a s)here that measures . m '$ eet* in "iameter with a weight o KK tons.
Ca*le
The mass >loc is sus)en"e" rom the %9n" loor using eight steel ca>les measuring .% cm ' 8. inch* in "iameter an" ;9 m '$8 eet* in length. Bn or"er to ensure ca>le le6i>ilit! an" ma6imiGe its "ura>ilit!, each steel ca>le is com)ose" o oer 9 steel stran"s, achieing a "esigne" saet! coeicient o ;. Bn other wor"s, onl! $; o the steel ca>les are reuire" to su))ort the entire mass o the win" "am)er. The "esign allows a ma6imum swa!ing am)litu"e o $ cm.
Hy!ra'li# +is#'s Dam(er
Eight "iagonal )rimar! h!"raulic iscous "am)ers were installe" >elow the mass >loc that were "esigne" to automaticall! a>sor> the im)ulse cause" >! the swa!ing o the mass >loc an" use the tower?s own moement to cancel the a>sor>e" energ!.
B'm(er System
A >um)er ring has >een installe" un"er the mass >loc to restrict the swa!ing o the s)herical mass >loc. The >um)er ring itsel is connecte" to eight horiGontal snu>>er h!"raulic iscous "am)ers "esigne" to limit the swa!ing o the win" "am)er >all to within $ cm on er! rare ma@or t!)hoons or )owerul earthuaes.
A&ARDS
Seen ! =iscoer! Channel in 9 2 New ! Newswee (agaGine in A)ril 9K 3est o serator! Eleators $,$ mmin* Tallest 3uil"ing in the ! the Council on Tall 3uil"ings an" 4r>an +a>itat 'CT34+
MILESTONE
9 5cto>er $%%2M =eelo)ment an" o)eration rights agreement signe" with Tai)ei Cit! goernment.
$8 #anuar! $%%%M E6caations Starte".
2 #une 9M /irst tower column erecte".
$8 A)ril 9$M =esign change to %.9 m height a))roe" >! Tai)ei Cit! goernment.
$8 #une 9$M Tai)ei $$ (all to))e" out.
$ August 9$M Construction license awar"e" or $$ stories.
8$ (arch 99M Partiall! constructe" >uil"ing suries K. magnitu"e earthuae un"amage".
$8 (arch 98M Tai)ei $$ (all o>tains occu)anc! )ermit.
$ #ul! 98M Tai)ei $$ Tower roo com)lete".
$2 5cto>er 98M Pinnacle Place".
$; Noem>er 98M Tai)ei $$ mall o)ens.
$ A)ril 9;M Council on Tall 3uil"ings an" 4r>an +a>itat certiies Tai)ei $$ as worl"?s tallest >uil"ing.
$9 Noem>er 9;M Tower o>tains occu)anc! )ermit.
8$ =ecem>er 9;M Tower o)ens to Pu>lic.
$ #anuar! 9M /irst New Year Ee /irewors =is)la! starts at mi"night.
REFERENCE
htt)Mwww.tai)ei-$$.com.tweno>serator!-"am)er.as)6QSC:5LL9 htt)Mwww.archinom!.comcase-stu"iesK2$tai)ei-$$-a-case-stu"! htt)sMen.wii)e"ia.orgwiiTai)eiR$$
