The Book of Daniel

The Book of 

DANIEL DANIEL IS THE ONLY PROPHET  known

to have lived the vast majority of his life in a pagan society. Probably born in Jerusalem, he was deported to Babylon in 605 B.C., where he was immediately placed in a reeducation program to prepare him to serve in the same government that destroyed Jerusalem. He likely became the most powerful Jew of the Exile and its aftermath, serving at least three kings and two governments in a career that spanned nearly seventy years. Daniel powerfully models how to live and work among people who do not follow God. Although Christians can be found at every level of our own society, we often do not profoundly influence the people around us. We are often where we should be, but we are not always what  we should be. Daniel lived up to the courage of his convictions. In a thoroughly godless culture, after decades of working at the highest levels of government, he could be accused of nothing worse than continuing to honor his God. The Book of Daniel comprises two distinct sec tions. Chapters 1–6 offer historical highlights highlights from the lives of Daniel and three other Jewish captives, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego. Abed-Nego. Chapters 7–12 record visions of future events given to Daniel beginning about 553 B.C. These prophecies are often seen as a panoramic world history from Daniel’s time to the Second Coming, although some argue that his prophecies were fulfilled in the centuries soon after Daniel’s lifetime. No matter how we interpret the se visions, they point p oint to the fundamental truth that God is Lord of the nations. Although much of this book refers to Daniel in the third person, he is never theless believed be lieved to be its author. There is no narration of Daniel’s call to be a prophet, but we observe that he had a supernatural ability to interpret dreams and visions (Dan. 1:17; 2:19–23) and that God gave him visions (chs. 7–12). His career give s a time frame for the book b ook of 605 to 539 B.C. Daniel lived almost all of his life in Babylon, but his prophecies are worldwide in scope.

Key Events in Daniel 

• Daniel and his three friends refuse to eat the king’s food (Dan. 1). • Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s dream (Dan. 2). • Daniel’s three friends are thrown into a fiery furnace (Dan. 3). • Nebuchadnezzar is reduced to living like a wild animal (Dan. 4). • Daniel interprets the writing on the wall (Dan. 5). • Daniel is protected in a lions’ den (Dan. 6). • Daniel sees visions of the future (Dan. 7–12).

DANIEL Daniel and His Friends Obey God In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim ki ng of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon Babylon came to Jerusalem and besieged it. 2 And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with some of  the articles ar ticles of the house of God, which he carried carr ied into the land of Shinar to the house of his god; and he brought the articles into  the treasure house of his god. 3 Then the king instructed Ashpenaz,  the ma ster of his eunuchs eunuchs,, to br ing some of the children of Israel and some of the king’s descendants and some of the nobles, 4young men in whom there was no blemish, but good-looking, good-looking, gifted in all wisdom, possessing knowledge and quick  to understand, who had  ability to serve in  the kin king’s g’s palace, and whom they mig might ht  teach the lan langua gua ge and liter literatu ature re of the Chaldeans. 5And the king appointed for  them a daily provision provision of the king king’s ’s delicadelicacies and of the wine which he drank, and  thr ee year years s of tra traini ini ng for them, so that at the end of that time they might serve before the king. 6 Now from among those of the sons of Judah were Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. 7 To them the chief of the eunuchs gave names: he gave

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DANIEL Dan. 1:6  Name means: “God Is My Judge.” Also known as: Belteshazzar (“Bel Protect His

Life”; Dan. 1:7). Not to be confused with:   A man who returned to Jerusalem in Ezra’s time (Ezra 8:2; Neh. 10:6). Home: Probably Jerusalem until he was deported to Babylon (c. 605 B.C.). Occupation: Advisor to Babylonian and Median rulers; prophet of the Lord. Noted for:   His extraordinary wisdom and ability to interpret dreams by God’s power (Dan. 1:17, 20; 2:47; 4:18). Best known as: The source of one of the Old Testament’s four major prophetic books and as a man who stood for God in a sometimes hostile culture. More: Jeremiah and Ezekiel were Daniel’s D aniel’s con-

temporaries. For perspective on this chaotic period of Judah’s history, see “The Life and Times of Jeremiah” at Jer. 1:3 and “The Life and Times of Ezekiel” at Ezek. 1: 1:1. 1. Think About It: How will you imitate Daniel as  you live as a God- follower  follower within your your culture? culture? See “A Secular Education” at Dan. 1:4 for ideas.

Daniel the name Belteshazzar; to Hananiah, Shadrach; to Mishael, Meshach; and  to Azariah, Abed-Nego. Abed- Nego. 8But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with t he por tion of t he king’s ki ng’s delicacie del icacies, s, nor with w ith the t he wine which he drank; dran k; therefore he requested of the chief of the t he eunuchs that he might not defile himself. 9Now God had brought Daniel into the favor and goodwill of the chief of the eunuchs. 10And the chief of  the eunuchs said to Daniel, “I fear my lord  the king, who has appointed your food and

Stand for Right Dan. 1:8 Right from the start of their careers, Daniel and his three companions made up their minds to stand for God’s values. As ambassadors-inambassadorsin-training training in Babylon, they declined to eat the specially prepared food provided by the government. Scripture does not explain the motives behind their decision. The food may have been offered to idols or blessed by pagan priests, making it ritually unclean according to Jewish law and thus a compromise of their faith. Accepting the royal food may have been a sign of loyalty to King Nebuchadnezzar and a means of obligating the four men to his service. Or the youths may have deemed the rich food and drink of the king’s table excessively indulgent. The important point is that once the four friends realized that eating the king’s provisions would result in “defilement,” they took a stand. They refused to just go along. Discerning right from wrong is a matter of intellect and truth. But correct thinking must be paired with courage to do right, which is a matter of the will. Ethics and morality often have less to do with the head than with the heart. Based on wellwell-reasoned reasoned principles, Daniel and his friends committed their hearts to what they should or should not do. Then they carried out their plan with determination. As we face ethical choices, we can choose to stand for right, certain that God will give us strength to deal with whatever consequences come our way. way. The cost of losing our integrity is infinitely greater than whatever it costs to keep it. More: Psalm 15 lists ten marks of integrity. See

“An Inventory of Integrity” at Ps. 15 15:1 :1.. Scripture tells us to “abhor what is evil” and “cling to what is good” (Rom. 12:9) even if that means speaking out against hidden wrongs. See “Blowing the Whistle with Wisdom” at Jer. 37:13, 14.

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 A S ec ul ar Ed uc at io n Dan. 1:4 As a young noble, Daniel was deported to Babylon and placed in a program to learn the “language and literature of the Chaldeans,” a curriculum that exposed him to practical skills that included mathematics and glassmaking. It also covered subjects opposed to God: sorcery, astrology,, and other occult arts; myths, legends, trology le gends, and lore from ancient Chaldea; and prayers and hymns to Babylonian gods. It was a systematic course of study based on a polytheistic and idolatrous worldview. The purpose of this three-year three-year program was to develop Daniel to “serve before the king” (Dan. 1:5). Daniel was undergoing preparation for a lifetime of employment within a pagan government, a vast departure from the teaching he would have received during the days of godly King Josiah. As we struggle to understand how Daniel’s situation might apply to how we prepare Christian youth to live and work in a secular society, there are several points to keep in mind: 1. Daniel began in a godly environment . Although not explicit in the Bible account, there is little question Daniel came from a family that revered God and obeyed the Law. Daniel would have had to have learned his bold, resolute, godly convictions somewhere (1:8). Given what we know about ancient Jewish culture, the most plausible explanation is he had been raised in a spiritually nurturing family. Whatever choices we make about our children’s education, training in God’s ways begins at home. Formal education may or may not build on that foundation, but it can never replace it.  given intelligence and 2. Daniel had God- given discernment . Daniel was a person of great intelligence, a gift that enabled him to discern how to serve God and how to make the most of a superb education. This fact implies that parents today should consider their children’s talents and God-given God-given bent as they choose between educational alternatives. 3. Daniel’s Babylonian education occurred in a secondary setting . Daniel was likely about fifteen or sixteen years old when he was deported to Babylon. His training in the king’s service was in preparation for a specific career career,, similar to modern vocational, college, and graduate programs. He formed his fundamental views about the world as a young boy in  Judah. He brought brought with him to Babylon a worldview based on God’s law. This foundation enabled him to test his

Babylonian education against God’s absolute truth. 4. Daniel was exposed to Babylonian culture but did not succumb to it . Daniel maintained distinctive beliefs and values even after a lifetime in the service of pagan kings (6:4, 5, 10, 22). Christians face a challenge to remain in the world but not of  the  the world (John 17:15, 16). If we compromise our beliefs the minute we encounter competing belief systems, the world will see no modern-day modern-day Daniels. 5. Daniel did not altogether reject Babylonian culture. While Daniel objected to eating the king’s food (Dan. 1:8), he apparently did not protest reading the king’s books, listening to the king’s instructors, or thinking about the king’s ideas. We might argue that he had little choice but to cooperate, but the incident with the food shows otherwise. It seems Daniel was able to reject what was unworthy and keep what was useful. He not only survived but thrived. 6. Daniel did not act alone . Three other like-minded likeminded youths shared Daniel’s challenges of living under Babylonian rule (1:6). Standing against ungodly aspects of our surrounding culture is easier to do alongside other followers of God. Going it alone means forgoing support, encouragement, and prayer that are vital to resisting conformity conformity.. These observations imply Christians have freedom to actively participate in culture even when parts of that culture oppose God. Much of modern culture may be irrelevant, but much is not. Wise followers of God learn to discern the difference and act appropriately. More: Moses and Paul were other leaders whose

educations helped shape how God would use them. See “The Value of Preparation” at Ex. 2:11 and “Answering the Intellectuals” at Acts 17:15–  34. Johannes Johannes Kepler, Kepler, Michael Polanyi, and George Washington Carver were all brilliant scientists who also followed God.

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drink. For why should he see your faces looking worse than the young men who are  your age? Then you would endanger my head before the king.” 11So Daniel said to the steward a whom  the chief of the eunuchs had set over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, 12 “Please test your ser vants for ten days, and let them give g ive us vegetables to eat and water to drink. 13 Then let our appearance be examined before you, and the appearance of the young men who eat the port ion of the king’s delicacies; and as you see f it, so  deal with your servants.” 14So he consented with them in this thi s matter, and tested tested  them ten days. days. 15And at the end of ten days their fea tures  tu res appea appeared red bet better ter and fatter in fles flesh h  than all the young men men who who ate ate the portion of the king’s delicacies. 16Thus the steward  took away their por portion tion of delicacies del icacies and  the wine that they were to drink, and gave  them vegetables. 17As for these four young men, God Go d gave  them knowledge and skill in i n all literature literat ure and wisdom; and Daniel had understanding in all visions and dreams. dreams. 18Now at the end of the days, when the king had said that they should be brought in, the chief of the eunuchs brought them in before Nebuchadnezzar. 19 Then the king interviewed a them, and among them all none was found like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah; therefore they served before the king. 20And in all matters

Native Talent and Super natural  Abi  A bi li t y Dan. 1: 1:17  17  The statement that God gave four young men unusual intellectual and spiritual abilities may make us wonder if we should ask God to give us abilities that we do not ordinarily possess. God can do whatever He wants. Scripture records cases in which faith took people far beyond what they were naturally capable of doing. Frightened people trusted God, for example, and “out of weakness were made strong” (Heb. 11:34). But unusual abilities given by God seem to be consistent with a person’s general bent and make use of abilities already present. Daniel and his friends offer an example of this. God gave them unusual insight, even to the point of interpreting visions and dreams. But they had always been smart and quick to learn (Dan. 1:4). This connection between native talent and supernatural ability is consistent with God crafting us to carry out His special purposes for our life. Our prayers should start with looking for ways to use what the Lord has already given us, but we can always leave room for God to surprise us with unusual— even supernatural—results. supernatural—results.

DANIEL 2:3

of wisdom and understanding about which  the king examined them, he found them ten  times better than all the magicians and as trologers who who were in all his realm. 21Thus Daniel continued until the first year of King Cyrus.

Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream Now in the second year of Neb uchadnezzar’s nez zar’s reign, Nebu Neb uchad chadnez nezzar zar had dreams; and his spirit was so troubled that his sleep left him. 2 Then the king gave the command to call the magicians, the ast rologers, the sorcerers, and the Chaldeans to  tell the king his dreams. So they came and stood before the king. 3And the king said to

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1:11 a Hebrew Melzar, also i n verse 16 1:19 a Literally talked with them

Daniel: Advisor to Kings Dan. 1:19 Scripture presents Daniel as the only Hebrew prophet to spend his career working as a public servant in pagan empires outside of Israel. He served at least three kings and two governments over nearly seventy years— from around 605 B.C.  to at least 539 B.C. Throughout his life, Daniel maintained a reputation for unimpeachable integrity and commitment to God. If scholars are correct that Daniel was born around 620 B.C., he would have grown up under King Josiah’s spiritual and political reforms (c. 640–609 640–609 B.C.). Little else is known of Daniel’s background except that his family probably had connections to Judah’s royal court (Dan. 1:3). This noble status would explain his place among the first Jews deported to Babylon. Daniel may have been no more than fifteen or sixteen years old at the time of his deportation, but his extraordinary intelligence and wisdom (1:4, 17) distinguished him from fellow exiles. He later used these God-given Godgiven gifts to advise kings and interpret dreams, but his motivation for work always seemed to come less from displaying intellectual prowess than from furthering God’s purposes. He had a heart for the Lord (1:8), which he maintained through a habit of prayer (2:17, 18; 6:10; 9:3, 4). Daniel’s spiritual commitment and strategic placement enabled him to boldly confront kings with God’s truths (2:28; 4:26, 34–36; 34– 36; 5:23; 6:22). In effect, he served as an evangelist to his people’s captors. Daniel had to overcome prejudice, persecution, and temptation to remain loyal to God. His life demonstrates that it is not only permissible but also possible to work in the world of governments and business and still honor God (6:4, 5).

D A N I E L 2 :4

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 them, “I have have had had a dream, and my spirit is anxious to know the dream.” 4 Then the Chaldeans spoke to the king in Aramaic,a “O king, king , live forever! Tell Tell your servants the dream, and we will give the interpretation.” 5 The king answered and said to the Chaldeans, “My decision is firm: if you do not make known the dream d ream to me, and its interpretation, you shall be cut in pieces, and your houses shall be made an ash heap. 6However However,, if you tell t he dream and a nd its interpretation, you shall shal l receive from me gifts, rewards, and great honor. Therefore  tell me the dream and its interpretation.” 7 They answered again and said, “Let  the k ing tell h is serva s ervants nts t he dream, dr eam, and we will give its interpretation.” 8 The king answered and said, “I know for certain that you would gain time, because you see that my decision is firm: 9if you do not make known the dream to me, there is only one decree for you! For you have agreed to speak lying and corrupt words before me till the time has changed. Therefore tell me the dream, and I shall know that you can give me its interpreta tion.” 10 The Chaldeans answered the king, and said, “There is not a man on earth who can tell the king’s matter; therefore no king, lord, or ruler has ever  asked  asked such  things of any magician, astrologe astrologer, r, or Chaldean. 11It is a difficult t hing that the king requests, and there is no other who can tell it to the king except the gods, whose dwelling is not with flesh.” 12 For this reason the king was angry and very fur ious, and gave the command  to destroy all the wise men of Babylon. Babylon. 13So  the decree decree went went out, and they they began began killing  the wise men; and they sought Daniel and his companions, to kill them.

God Reveals Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream 14Then

with counsel and wisdom Daniel answered Arioch, the captain of the king’s guard, who had gone out to kill the wise Babylon; 15he answered and said to men of Babylon; Arioch the king’s captain, “Why is the decree from the king so urgent?” Then Arioch made the decision known to Daniel. 16So Daniel went in and asked the king

 A Ki ng do m of S o rc er er s Dan. 2:2 Many ancient cultures engaged in occult practices, but the Babylonians stood out for institutionalizing magical arts as part of their government. They were especially known for their extensive use of astrology, which was one of the reasons God severely condemned Babylon. Scripture repeatedly warns God’s people against the occult. See “The Seduction of Spirits” at Deuteronomy 18:9–14. 18:9–14.

 to give him time, that he might tell the king  the inter pretation pretation.. 17 Then Daniel went to his house, and made the decision known to Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, his companions, 18 that they mig might ht seek mercie s from the God of heaven concerning this secret, so that Daniel and his companions might not perish with the rest of the wi se Babylon. 19 Then the secret was remen of Babylon.  vealed to Daniel in a night vision. vision. So Daniel blessed the God of heaven. 20 Daniel answered and said:

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“Blessed be the name of God forever and ever, For wisdom and might are His. And He He changes the times and the seasons; He removes kings and raises up kings; He gives wisdom to the wise And knowledge to those who have understanding. He reveals deep and secret thin things; gs; He knows what is in the darkness, And light dwells with Him. “I than k You You and praise You, O God of my fathers; You have given me wisdom and mi ght, And have now made known to me what we asked of You, For You have made known to us the king’s demand.”

Daniel Explains the Dream 24 Therefore

Daniel went to Arioch, whom the king had appointed to destroy  the wise men of Babylon. Babylon. He went and said  thus to him: “Do not destroy des troy the wise wis e men of Babylon; Babylon; take me before the king, and I will tell the king the interpretation.” 25 Then Arioch quickly brought Daniel before the king, and said thus to him, “I have found a man of the captives a of Judah, who will make known to the king the interpretation.” 26 The king answered and said to Daniel, whose name was  Belteshazzar, “Are you able to make known to me the dr eam which I have seen, and its interpretation?” 27 Daniel answered in the presence of  the ki ng, and said, s aid, “The “ The sec ret which the king has demanded, the wise men, the as trologers, the magicians, magicians, and the soothsayers cannot declare to the king. 28 But there is a God in heave heaven n who reveals secrets, and He has made known to King Neb uchadnezzar nez zar what will wil l be in the lat ter days. Your Your dream, and the visions of your head upon your bed, were these: 29As for you, O king,  thoughts came to your mind while on your bed, about what would come to pass af ter  this; and He who reveals secrets has made known to you what will be. 30 But as for me, this secret has h as not been revealed to me because I have more wisdom than anyone 2:4 a The original language of Daniel 2:4b  through 7:28 is Aramaic. 2:25 a Literally of

the sons of the captivity

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living, but for our  sakes  sakes who make known  the interpretation to the king, and that you may know the thoughts of your heart. 31“You, O king, were watching; and behold, a great image! This great image, whose splendor was  excellent, stood before you; and its form was awesome. 32 This image’s head was   of fine gold, its chest and arms of silver, its belly and thighs a of bronze, 33 its legs of iron, its feet partly of iron and par tly of clay.a 34 You watched watc hed while a stone was cut out without hands, which struck the image on its feet of iron and clay, and broke them in pieces. 35 Then  the iron iron,, the clay, t he bronze bronze,, the silver, and the gold were crushed together, and became like chaff from the summer threshing floors; the wind carried them away so

DANIEL 2:40

 that no tr ace of them was found. fou nd. And the stone that struck the image became a great mountain and filled the whole earth. 36 “This is  the dream. Now we will tell  the inter pret ation of it before the ki king. ng. 37 You, O king, are a king of kings. For the God of heaven has given you a kingdom, power,, strength, power streng th, and glory; 38 and wherever  the children of men dwell, or the beasts of  the field and the birds of the heaven heaven,, He He has given them into your hand, and has made you ruler over them all—you all—you are this head of gold. 39But after you shall arise another kingdom inferior to yours; then another, a third kingdom of bronze, which shall rule over all the earth. 40 And the fourth 2:32 a Or sides

2:33 a Or baked clay, and so in

 verses 34, 35, 35, and 42

Models of Faith in Hostile Societies Dan. 2:48, 49 There is no single correct way for how God’s people should respond to a culture hostile to faith. In the Old Testament, God called the Israelites to develop their own society. society. He designed laws to keep out pagan influences. But He also sent many Old Testament and New Testament followers into the world to impact unbelieving cultures. As we reflect on our relationship to societies that are hostile to Christian faith, it helps to consider Old Testament figures who found ways to honor God even after they were plucked from safety and placed in unfriendly circumstances:  Joseph (Gen. 37–47 37–47))

• Sold as a sla slave ve and and tak taken en to to Egypt Egypt but but mai maint ntai aine ned d his his godl godlyy char charac acte terr despite recurring setbacks. • A model of integrity during both adversity and prosperity.

Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and AbedNego (Dan. 1–6) 1–6)

• Taken to Babylon as prisoners of war and trained for service in a pagan government. • Models of integrity and commitment to the Lord while serving unbelievers.

Nehemiah (Neh. 1–6) 1–6)

• A strategi strategical cally ly place placed d offici official al in the Pers Persian ian cou court rt who who was all allowe owed d to rebuild Jerusalem’s wall. • A model of leveraging position to accomplish God’s purposes purposes while overcoming opposition.

Esther and Mordecai (the Book of Esther)

• Members of an ethnic minority who found themselves in a position to influence a godless king. • Models of acting courageously and wisely in order to withstand evil.

The people in the table above had several things in common: • They were all laypeople . They were not among the priests or Levites, so they had no vocational imperative for exercising faith in their day-today-to-day day work. Yet they carried out God’s God ’s purposes faithfully. • They were all believers living in foreign lands. These followers of God did a better job of obeying the Lord in antagonistic societies than some of their contemporaries did back in a Judean society that had been formed around a covenant with God. • They all remained committed to God, His  people, and His Word . The pressures of

surrounding cultures deepened their spiritual commitments. They were aware of a larger purpose beyond their immediate circumstances, which enabled them to act wisely.. While others surrendered to their wisely culture, these followers of God held on to their fundamental convictions. More: Esther John Jo hn secretly converted from Islam

to Christianity after reading God’s promise of a  suffering Servant in Is. 53, and soon became a victim of a hostile society socie ty when her new faith was discovered as she engaged in ministry. Today a  statue of her stands at the center of of ten martyrs of the twentieth century at Westminster Abbey.

DANIEL 2:41

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kingdom shall be as strong as iron, inas- languages, 5that at the time you hear the much as iron breaks in pieces a nd shatters sound of the horn, flute, harp, lyre, and everything; everythin g; and like iron that crushes, that psaltery, in symphony with all kinds of kingdom will break in pieces and crush all music, you shall fall down and worship the  the others. 41 Whereas you saw the feet and gold image that King Nebuchadnezzar has  toes, par tly of pot ter’s clay cl ay and par tly of set up; 6 and whoever does not fall down iron, the kingdom shall be divided; yet the and worship shall be cast immediately into strength of the iron shall be in it, just as  the midst of a burnin burning g fiery fur nace.” 7 So at that time, when all the people you saw the iron mixed with w ith ceramic ceram ic clay. clay. 42 And as  the toes of the feet were partly heard the sound of the horn, flute, harp, of iron and partly of clay, so the kingdom and lyre, in symphony with all kinds of mushall be partly strong and partly fragile. sic, all the people, nations, and languages 43As you saw iron mixed with wit h ceramic clay, fell down and  worshiped the gold image  they will wil l ming le with the seed see d of men; but which King Nebuchadnezzar had set up.  they will not adhere to one another, another, just as iron does not mix with clay. 44 And in the Daniel’s Friends Disobey the King 8 Therefore at that time certain Chaldays of these kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be de- deans came forward and accused the stroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left Jews. 9 They spoke and said to King Neb to other people; it shall break in pieces and uchadnezzar uchadnezzar,, “O king, k ing, l ive forever! forever! 10 You, consume all these ki ngdoms, and it shall O king, have made a decree that everyone stand forever. 45Inasmuch as you saw that who hears the sound of the horn, flute,  the stone stone was was cut out of the mountain with- harp, lyre, and psaltery, in symphony with out hands, and that it broke in pieces the all kinds of music, shall fall down and woriron, the bronze, the clay, the silver, and ship the gold image; 11and whoever does  the gold— the great God has mad made e known to not fall down and worship shall be cast  the king ki ng what wil l come to pass after af ter this. into the midst of a burning fiery f urnace. The dream is certain, cer tain, and its interpretation 12 There are certain Jews whom you have is sure.” set over the affairs of the province of Babylon: Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego; Abed- Nego; Daniel and His Friends Promoted  these men, O kin king, g, have not paid due re 46 Then King Nebuchadnezzar fell on gard to you. They do not serve your gods his face, prostrate before Daniel, and com- or worship the gold image which you have manded that they should present an of- set up.” 13 Then Nebuchadnezzar, in rage and fering and incense to him. 47 The king answered Daniel, and said, “Truly your God fur fury, y, gave gave the command to bring Shadrach, is the God of gods, the Lord of king s, and a revealer of secrets, since you could reveal 2:49 a That is, the king’s court  this  th is sec ret ret.” .” 48 Then the king promoted Daniel and gave him many great gifts; and SHADRACH, MESHACH, AND he made him ruler ru ler over the whole province of Babylon, Babylon, and chief adminis trator over Dan. 3:1 3:12 2  ABE  A BE D - NEGO all the wise men of Babylon. Babylon. 49Also Daniel petitioned the king, and he set Shadrach, Names mean:  “Command of [the God] Aku” Meshach, and Abed-Nego Abed- Nego over the affairs (Shadrach); “The Shadow of the Prince” (Meof the province of Babylon; Bab ylon; but Daniel sat a shach);; “Servant of Nebo” (Abed-Nego). shach) (Abed-Nego). in the gate  of the king.

The Image of Gold Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold, whose height was  sixty cubits and   its width six cubits. He set it up in the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon. Bab ylon. 2 And King Nebuchadnezzar sent word to gather together the satraps, the administrators, the governors, the counselors,  the treasurers, the judges, judges, the magist rates, and all the officials of the provinces, to come to the dedication of the i mage which King Nebuchadnezzar had set up. 3 So the satraps, the administrators, administr ators, the governors, governors,  the counselors, the treasurers, t he judges,  the magistrates, magist rates, and all the officials off icials of the provinces gathered together for the dedication of the image that Ki ng Nebuchadnezzar had set up; a nd they stood before  the ima image ge that Nebuchad Nebuchadnezza nezzarr had set 4 up. Then a herald cried aloud: “To you it is commanded, O peoples, nations, and

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Also known as:   Hananiah (“The Lord Is

Gracious”—Shadrach); Mishael (“Who Is What Gracious”—Shadrach); God Is?”—Meshach); Is?”— Meshach); Azariah (“The Lord Has Helped”—AbedHelped”— Abed-Nego). Nego). Home: Probably Jerusalem until they were

deported to Babylon (c. 605 B.C.). Occupation:   Officials who served the Bab-

ylonian king (Dan. 1:19; 2:49; 3:12). Best known as: Daniel’s close friends who re-

fused to bow to an idolatrous gold image set up by King Nebuchadnezzar; they were cast into a fiery furnace but delivered by the Lord (3:1–30). (3:1– 30). Think About It: How, specifically, do you show  friendship to another believer? b eliever? Include names and places. How does your friendship strengthen this believer to obey God? 

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Meshach, and Abed-Nego. Abed-Nego. So they brought  thes e men before the ki  these king. ng. 14Nebuchadnezzar spoke, saying to them, “ Is it true, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego, Abed- Nego, that you do not serve my gods or worship the gold image which I have set up? 15Now if you are ready at the time you hear the and d sound of the horn, flute, harp, lyre, an psaltery, in symphony with all kinds of music, and you fall down and worship the i mage which I have made, good! But if you do not worship, you shall be cast i mmediately into the midst of a burning fier y furnace. And who is  the god who will deliver you from my hands?” 16 Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego Abed- Nego answered and said to the king, “O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer you in this thi s matter. 17If that is the case, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from  the burning burn ing fiery f iery furnace, f urnace, and a nd He will de liver us  from your hand, O king. 18But if not, let it be known to you, O king, that we do not serve your gods, nor will we worship  the gold image which which you have have set up.” up.”

DANIEL 3:24

Saved in Fiery Trial 19 Then

Nebuchadnezzar was full of fury, and the expression on his face changed toward Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego. AbedNego. He spoke and commanded  that they heat the fu furn rnace ace seven ti times mes more than it was usually heated. 20And he commanded certain mi ghty men of valor who were in his army to bind Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego, Abed- Nego, and  cast them into the burning fiery furnace. 21 Then  these men were bound in their coats, t heir  trouser  tro user s, thei theirr tu turba rba ns, and thei r other  garments, and were cast into the midst of the burning fiery f urnace. 22 Therefore, because the king’s command was urgent, and the furnace exceedingly hot, the fla me of the fire killed those men who took up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego. Abed- Nego. 23And  these three men, Shadrach, Shadrach, Meshach, and and Abed-Nego, AbedNego, fell down bound into the midst of the burning fiery fur nace. 24 Then King Nebuchadnezzar was as tonished; and he rose ros e in haste and  spoke,

Bowing to God Alone Dan. 3:7  The Bible calls us to obey earthly authorities (Rom. 13:1–7). 13:1–7). But it also holds up examples of godly people who resisted human orders that violated God’s commands (Acts 4:13–22). 4:13–22). There is no simple formula to relieve this tension; the inherent conflict requires us to rely on God rather than on a list of dos and don’ts. If we never feel tension between the authority of God and the mandates of human beings, we should wonder where our commitments lie. Apparently hardly anyone in Babylon felt any anxiety about bowing down to Nebuchadnezzar’s ninety-footninety-foot-tall tall golden image (Dan. 3:8–12), 3:8–12), or if they did, they feared the fiery furnace (3:6) more than anything else. But Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego Abed-Nego would not submit. They refused to violate the first and second commandments’ prohibitions against idolatry (Ex. 20:3–5). 20:3–5). The refusal of these provincial governors to bow so outraged the king that he immediately threw the men into a superheated furnace (3:19–23). (3:19–23). This brazen act of disloyalty to the king was a courageous act of loyalty to the Lord. A similar incident occurred years later, during the reign of Darius. Informers exposed Daniel for violating a decree against praying to any god or ruler except the king (6:6–13). (6:6–13). The outcome was similar. Daniel was thrown to the lions (6:16). On both occasions, God delivered His faithful followers from death—though death—though not from the threat of death. Their courageous stand influenced others to fear God and also resulted in suppressing their enemies (3:26–29; (3:26–29; 6:21–27). 6:21– 27). Is this how Christians today should respond

to laws they disagree with? Again, Ag ain, there are no simple answers. But the following questions may help us discover God’s will:  1. Is this truly a matter of biblical principle—or principle— or preference, taste, or style? 2. Why do I take take issue with what what I am being asked to do? Is it an issue of conscience and morality—or morality—or something else, such as a personality conflict or simple discomfort? 3. Have I made an effort to understand what is required of me? Have I checked my perceptions by telling those in authority what I think I heard? 4. Do I understand how how this conflicts conflicts with godly values? Have I studied God’s God ’s Word, prayed for insight, and thought things through? 5. Is this an either/or situation, or are are there alternatives that might satisfy everyone involved? Like Daniel, can I come up with a creative alternative to my superior’s command (1:8–16)? (1:8–16)? More: Óscar Romero, archbishop of El Salvador

rightly took a stand against his hostile society in order to bow to God alone. He fiercely protested rampant poverty, oppression, and violence (including state- supported  supported death squads). squads).

DANIEL 3:25

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saying to his counselors, “Did we not cast  three men men bound bound into the midst midst of of the fire?” They answered and said to the king, “True, O king.” 25 “Look!” he answered, “I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire; and  they are not hurt, and and the form of the fourth is like the Son of God.” Go d.”a

Nebuchadnezzar Praises God 26 Then

Nebuchadnezzar went near the and d mouth of the burning fiery furnace an spoke, saying, “Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego, AbedNego, servants of the Most High God, come out, and come here.” Then Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego Abed- Nego came from the midst of the fire. 27And the satraps, administrators, governors, and the king’s counselors gathered together, and they saw  these men on whose whose bodies the fire had no power; the hair of their head was not singed nor were their garments affected, and the smell of fire was not on t hem. 28 Nebuchadnezzar spoke, saying, “Blessed be the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego, Abed-Nego, who sent His Angel a and delivered His servants who trusted in Him, and they have frustrated the king’s word, and yielded their bodies, that they should

not serve nor worship any god except their own God! 29 Therefore I make a decree that any people, nation, or language which speaks anything amiss against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego Abed- Nego shall be cut in pieces, and their houses shall be made an ash heap; because there is no other God who can deliver like th is.” 30 Then the king promoted Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego Abed- Nego in the province of Babylon. Babylon.

Nebuchadnezzar’s Second Dream

4

Nebuchadnezzar the king, To all peoples, nations, and languages  that dwell in all the earth: Peace be multiplied to you.

2

I thought it good to declare the signs and wonders that the Most High God has worked for me.

3

How great are His signs, And how mighty His wonders! His kingdom kin gdom is an everlasting kingdom, kin gdom, And His dominion is  from generation  to generation.

3:25 a Or a son of the gods

3:28 a Or angel

THE REIGN OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR Besieges Jerusalem again, replaces Defeats the  Jehoiakim  Jehoi akim with Egyptians at  Jehoi  Jehoiachin achin,, then later Carchemish deports Jehoiachin (c. 605 B.C.). and other leading citizens to Babylon (c. 599–597 B.C.). Commands the Babylonian Sacks army in Ashkelon campaigns (c. 601 B.C.). against the Assyrians (c. 606 B.C.).

•

610 B.C.

Becomes king of Babylon after the death of his father Nabopolassar (c. 605 B.C.).

•

Captures and destroys  Jerusalem  Jeru salem (587 B.C.).

•

600

590

B.C.

B.C.

Survives an uprising in Babylon (c. 596 B.C.).

Besieges Jerusalem, takes Daniel and other noble citizens captive, and begins accepting tribute from kingdoms formerly controlled by Egypt: Judah, Tyre, Sidon, and Damascus (c. 605 B.C.).

(Daniel 4:1 4:1))

Invades Egypt (568–567 B.C.).

•

•

580

•

570

B.C.

560

B.C.

Begins a thirteen-year siege of Tyre (c. 582 B.C.).

B.C.

Dies and is succeeded by Evil-Merodach (c. 562 B.C.). Orders the construction of the Ishtar Gate (c. 575 B.C.).

1031 4

10 

11

12

13

15

16

17

I, Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar,, was at rest in my house, and flourishing in my palace. 5I saw a dream which made me afraid, and the thoughts on my bed and  the visions of my head troubled me. 6 Therefore I issued a decree to bring in all the wise men of Babylon Babylon before me, that they might make known to me the interpretation of the dream. 7 Then the magicians, the astrologers,  the Chaldeans, and the soothsayers came in, and I told them the drea m; but they did not make known to me its interpretation. 8But at last Daniel came before me (his name is Belteshazzar, according to the name of my god; in him is the Spirit of the Holy God), and I told the drea m before him, saying: 9“Belteshazzar, chief of  the magicians, because I know that the Spirit of the Holy God is in you, and no secret troubles you, explain to me the  visions of my dream that I have seen, and its interpretation. “These were the visions of my head while on my bed: I was looking, and behold, A tree in the midst of the earth, And its height was great. The tree grew and became strong; Its height reached to the heavens, And it could be seen to the ends of all  the earth. eart h. Its leaves were lovely, Its fruit abundant, And in it was food for all. The beasts of the t he field found shade under it, The birds of the heavens dwelt in its branches, And all flesh was fed from it.

That the Most High rules in the kingdom of men, Gives it to whomever He will, And sets over it the t he lowest of men.’ 18

‘This ‘Th is decision is by the decree of the watchers, And the sentence by the word of the holy ones, In order that the living may know

“This “Th is dream I, King Nebuchadnezzar, have seen. Now you, Belteshazz ar, declare its interpretation, since all  the wise men of my kingdom are not able to make known to me the interpretation; but you are able, for the Spirit of the Holy God is  in you.”

Daniel Explains the Second Dream 19

Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was astonished for a time, and his thoughts troubled him. So the king spoke, and said, “Belteshazzar, do not let the dream or its interpretation trouble t rouble you.” you.” Belteshazzar answered and said, “My lord, may the dream concern those who hate you, and its interpretation concern your enemies!

20

“The tree that you saw saw,, which grew and became strong, whose height reached to the heavens and which could be seen by all the earth, 21whose leaves were lovely and its fruit abundant, in which was food for all, under which the beasts of the f ield dwelt, and in whose branches the birds of the heaven had their home— 22it king , who have grown and is you, O king, become strong; for your greatness has grown and reaches to the heavens, and your dominion to the end of the earth.

23

“And inasmuch as the king saw a watcher, a holy one, coming watcher, comi ng down from heaven and saying, ‘Chop down  the tree and destroy it, but leave its stump and roots in the earth, bound with a band of iron and bronze in the  tender grass of the field; let it be wet with the dew of heaven, and let him graze with the beasts of the field, till seven times pass over hi m’; 24 this is  the interpretation, O king, and this is  the decree of the Most Most High, which has come upon my lord the king: 25 They shall drive you from men, your dwelling shall be with the beasts of  the field, and they shall make you you eat grass like oxen. They shall wet you with the t he dew of heaven, and seven  times shall pass over you, till you know that the Most High rules in  the kingdom of men, and gives it to whomever He chooses.

26

“And inasmuch as they gave the command to leave the stump and roots of the tree, your kingdom shall be assured to you, after af ter you come to to know 27  that Heaven rules. Therefore, O king, let my advice be acceptable to you;

“I saw in the visions of my head head while on my bed, and there t here was a watcher, a holy one, coming down from heaven. 14He cried aloud and said thus: ‘Chop down the tree and cut of f its branches, Strip off its leaves and scatter its fruit. Let the beasts get out f rom under it, And the birds from its branches. Nevertheless leave the stump and roots in the earth, Bound with a band of iron a nd bronze, In the tender grass of the field. Let it be wet with the dew of heaven, And let him graze with the beasts On the grass of the earth. Let his heart be changed from that of  a man, Let him be given the heart of a beast, And let seven times a pass over him.

DANIEL 4:27

4:16 a Possibly seven years, and so in verses 23,

25, and 32

DANIEL 4:28

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break off your sins by being  r  r ighteous ighteous,, and your iniquities by showing mercy  to the poor. Perhaps there may be a lengthening of your prosperity.”

driven from men and ate grass like oxen; his body was wet with the dew of heaven till his hair had grown like eagles’ feathers and his nails li ke birds’ claws.

Nebuchadnezzar’s Humiliation 28 

31

33

All this came upon King Nebuchadnezzar. 29At the end of the  twelve months he was walking walkin g about  the royal palace of Bab Babylon. ylon. 30 The king spoke, saying, “Is not this great Babylon, Bab ylon, that I have built for a royal dwelling by my mighty mig hty power and for  the honor of of my majesty?” Whi le the word was still in the king’s While mouth, a voice fell from heaven: “King Nebuchadnezzar,, to you it is spoken: Nebuchadnezzar  the kingdom has departed from you! 32 And they shall drive you from men, and your dwelling shall be with the beasts of the field. They shall make you eat grass like li ke oxen; and seven  times shall pass over you, until you know that the Most High rules in  the kingdom of men, and gives it to whomever He chooses.” That very very hour the word was fulf illed concerning Nebuchadnezzar; he was

Nebuchadnezzar Nebuch adnezzar Praises God 34

35

36

And at the end end of the timea I, Nebuchadnezzar,, lif ted my eyes Nebuchadnezzar  to heaven, heaven, and my understandi understanding ng returned retur ned to me; and I blessed the Most High and praised and honored Him who lives forever: For His dominion is an everlasting dominion, And His kingdom is from generation  to generation. All the inhabitants of of the eart earth h are reputed as nothing; He does according to His will in the army of heaven And among  the  the inhabitants of the earth. No one can restrain His hand Or say to Him, “What have You You done?” At the same time my my reason returned  to me, and for the glory of my

4:34 a Literally days

Heaven Rules Dan. 4:26, 27  The spiritual health of a society can be seen in its treatment of the poor. Those that honor God show kindness to and provide tools for the weak and disadvantaged. Those that have abandoned His commands abuse them. King Nebuchadnezzar had plenty of reasons to be proud. He won countless military battles. His empire spanned the Middle East. He reigned over a grand capital city that was home to one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Wealth, power, and prestige were his. But all of these factors caused his heart to so swell with pride that he forgot a basic truth: “Heaven rules.” God used King Nebuchadnezzar’s dreams to warn that judgment was coming (Dan. 4:1– 26), and Daniel challenged the king to change his ways before it was too late. He told the king: “Break off your sins by being righteous, and your iniquities by showing mercy to the poor” (4:27). The king apparently disregarded Daniel’s advice, persisting in arrogance and ignoring God. The Lord soon took away his position and power (4:33) until he admitted that Heaven rules (4:34, 35). He subsequently instituted a reign based on truth, justice, and humility (4:36, 37). What are our attitudes toward the poor? Do we work to ensure them justice? How can we demonstrate that commitment at home, at work, and in our communities?

God at Work for His People Dan. 4:27  Most of the Jews deported to Babylon resettled along the Chebar River, a canal northeast of the capital city. They were likely conscripted for labor on Nebuchadnezzar’s vast building projects. The Jews were free to live in their own communities but depended on the Babylonians for work. In other words, the situation left them poor and with little hope of changing their circumstances. They lived in enclaves with few freedoms, resources, or advocates. But Daniel fought for the poor within the government. We do not know how much contact he had with the exiles. They may have been unaware of him, but he was never unmindful of them. God was at work on behalf of the Jews even if they were unaware of it. God has His people everywhere, ever ywhere, in places and positions that we may never imagine. Daniel’s strategic placement demonstrates that God never leaves Himself without a means of accomplishing His purposes. He has a way of putting the right person at the right place at the right time. More: Joseph was another Old Testament fig-

ure strategically placed by God to accomplish His purposes. See “Work in the Real World” at Gen. 41:42–46 41:42–46 and “Feeding the World” at Gen. 41:57.

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DANIEL 5:11

kingdom, my honor and a nd splendor lampstand on the plaster of the wall of the returned to me. My counselors and king’s palace; and the king saw the part nobles resorted to me, I was r estored of the hand that wrote. 6 Then the king’s  to my kingdom, and excellent countenance changed, and his thoughts majesty majest y was added to me. 37Now I,  troubled him, so that the joints of his hips Nebuchadnezzar,, praise a nd extol and Nebuchadnezzar were loosened and his knees knocked honor the King of heaven, all of whose against each other. 7 The king cr ied aloud works are truth, and His ways justice.  to bring in the astrologers, as trologers, the Chaldeans, And those who walk in i n pride He is able and the soothsayers. The king spoke, say to put down. ing to the wise men of Babylon, Babylon, “Whoever reads this writing, and tells me its interpretation, shall be clothed with pur ple and Belshazzar’s Feast Belshazzar the king made a great feast have a chain of gold around hi s neck; and for a thousand of his lords, and dr ank he shall be the third ruler in the k ingdom.” wine in the presence of the thousand. 8Now all the king’s wise men  came, but 2 While he tasted the wi ne, Belshazzar gave  they c ould not read re ad the wr writin iting, g, or make  the command comma nd to bring t he gold and silver known to the king its interpretation. 9 Then  vess els whic which h hi his s fat father her Nebuch Nebuchadne adnezz- King Belshazzar was greatly troubled, his zar had taken from the temple which had countenance was changed, and his lords been in Jerusalem, that the king and his were astonished. 10 The queen, because of the words of lords, his wives, and his concubines might 3 to the banquet drink f rom them. Then they brought the  the king and his lords, came to hall. The queen spoke, saying, “O king, live gold vessels that had been taken from the  temple of the house of of God which had been forever! Do not let your thoughts trouble in Jerusalem; and the king and his lords, you, nor let your countenance change. kin gdom in whom his wives, and his concubines drank from 11There is a man in your kingdom 4  them. They drank wine, and praised the is  the Spirit of the Holy God. And in the father, light lig ht and understandgods of gold and silver, bronze and iron, days of your father, ing and wisdom, like the wisdom of the wood and stone. 5In the same hour the f ingers of a man’s gods, were found in him; and King Nebuhand appeared and wrote opposite the chadnezzar your father—your father— your father the

5

Third- in-Command Third-inCommand Dan. 5:7  Terrified by the appearance of a hand and its cryptic message on the wall, Belshazzar offered to elevate anyone able to interpret the message to the position of “third ruler in the kingdom.” Third-inThirdin-command command may have been the best he could offer; Belshazzar may have regarded himself as second-insecond-in-command command of the empire. His father Nabonidus was the supreme ruler of Babylon between about 555 B.C. and 539 B.C., but he left the capital in the hands of his son while he waged military campaigns for ten years in Arabia. Belshazzar allowed the kingdom to slip into the hands of the Persians, and Nabonidus was captured on his return to the city. Think About It: Terror can be a good learning

motivation. But then we can forget the lessons when we no longer feel scared. What have you

learned during a frightening time that still nurtures the way you serve God? 

Government Employees in the Bible Dan. 5:11, 12 Daniel spent most of his career in the highest levels of the Babylonian government working as King Nebuchadnezzar’s chief advisor (compare Dan. 1:18–21). 1:18–21). The Bible tells of others who served God in government positions:  Joseph (Gen. 39–50) 39–50)

Sold into Sold into sla slavery very by his jea jealou louss bro brothe thers rs and and tak taken en to Egyp Egypt, t, whe where re God arranged for him to eventually become second only to Pharaoh.

Caleb (Num. 13–14) 13–14)

Spied for Mos Spied Moses es whe when n the the Isra Israeli elites tes pr prepa epare red d to ent enter er Cana Canaan. an. Ye Years ars lat later er,, he helped divide the land.

 Joshua (Num. 13–14; 13–14;  Josh. 1:1—3:17) 1:1—3:17)

Served alongside Caleb and later succeeded Moses as Israel’s leader. leader.

continued on next page

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D A N I E L 5 :1 2

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king— made him chief of the magicians, have a chain of gold around your neck, and king—made astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers. shall be the third ruler in the kingdom.” 12 Inasmuch as an excellent spirit, k nowl17 Then Daniel answered, and said beedge, understanding, interpreting dreams, fore the king, “Let your gif ts be for yoursolving riddles, and explaining enigmas a self, and give your rewards to another; yet I were found in this Daniel, whom the king will read the writing writin g to the king king,, and make named Belteshazzar, now let Daniel be known to him the interpretation. 18O king, called, and he will give g ive the interpretation.”  the Most High God gave Nebucha Nebuchadnezzar dnezzar your father a kingdom and majesty, glory The Writing on the Wall Explained and honor. 19And because of the majesty 13 Then Daniel was brought in before  that He gave gave him, all peoples, nations, and  the king. The king ki ng spoke, and said to Dan- languages trembled and feared before him.  Are you that Daniel who is one of the Whomever he wished, he executed; whomiel, “ Are captives a from Judah, whom my father the ever he wished, he kept alive; whomever king brought f rom Judah? 14I have heard he wished, he set up; and whomever he of you, that the Spirit of God is  in you, and wished, he put down. 20But when his heart a nd understanding and excellent was lifted up, and his spirit was hardened that light and wisdom are found in you. 15Now the wise in pride, he was deposed from his kin gly men, the astrologers, have been brought in  throne, and they took his glory fr om him. before me, that they should read this writ- 21Then he was driven from fr om the sons of men, ing and make known to me its interpreta- his heart was made like the beasts, and  tion, but t hey could not give g ive the inter pre- his dwelling was  with the wild donkeys.  tation of the th ing. 16And I have heard of They fed him with grass like oxen, and his you, that you can give interpretations and body was wet with the dew of heaven, till explain enigmas. eni gmas. Now if you can read the writing and make known to me its interpre- 5:12 a Literally untying knots, and so i n verse 16  tation, you shall be clothed with purple and 5:13 a Literally of the sons of the captivity 

 continued from previous page Deborah (Judg. 4–5) 4–5)

Ruled as Ruled as Israe Israel’l’ss only only fema female le judg judge. e. She She help helped ed her mil milita itary ry comm command ander er achieve victory in battle and led her people in song .

David (1 Sam. 16–31; 16–31; 2 Sam. 1–24) 1–24)

Rose from obscurity as a shepherd to become Israel’s preeminent preeminent king.

Solomon (1 Kin. 3–11) 3–11)

Succeeded his fathe Succeeded fatherr David David as king. king. He He was best known for wisdom but also succeeded in trade, building, and amassing wealth. He wrote much of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and probably the Song of Solomon.

Hezekiah (2 Kin. 18– 20; 2 Chr. 29–32) 29–32)

Overcame his birth into the family of e vil King Ahaz to rule Judah with unexpected righteousness. He built a strategic water supply system for  Jerusalem.

Nehemiah (Neh. 1–6) 1–6)

Held Hel d captiv captivee in Babyl Babylon on but but served served as as cupbea cupbeare rerr to King King Artax Artaxerx erxes es I. He He secured royal support for returning to Jerusalem to lead its redevelopment.

Esther (the Book of Esther)

An orphan raised by an older cousin, selected as queen for King Ahasuerus of Persia. She used her position to foil a genocidal plot against her people.

Matth Ma tthew ew (Matt (Matt.. 9:9) 9:9)

Shunned Shunne d by his peo people ple for col collec lectin tingg taxes taxes for the occ occupy upying ing Rom Roman an govgovernment. Jesus called him to leave his position and follow Him.

Zacchaeus (Luke 19:1–9) 19:1– 9)

Worked as Jericho’s chief tax collector. After dining with Jesus, he repaid everyone he had cheated and gave half his riches to the poor.

A Roman Centurion (Matt. 27:54)

Oversaw the crucifixion of Jesus but came to believe that Jesus was the Son of God.

The Treasurer of Ethiopia (Acts 8:26–40) 8:26– 40)

Official under the Ethiopian queen. He met the evangelist Philip and learned the way of salvation in Christ.

Corn Co rnel eliu iuss (Act (Actss 10) 10)

Roma Ro man n mili milita tary ry comm comman ande derr stat statio ione ned d in Cae Caesa sare reaa who who obey obeyed ed God God by by inviting Peter to his home. He and his household became the first known Gentile followers of Jesus.

The Philippian Jailer (Acts 16:20–36) 16:20–36)

Panic-stricken after an earthquake opened cell doors in the jail where he Panic-stricken worked, he was amazed to discover Paul and Silas had not escaped. After hearing the gospel, he and his family converted to Christianity.

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DANIEL 6:4

he knew that the Most High God rules i n 26 This is  the i nterpretation of each word.  the kingdom ki ngdom of men, and appoints appoint s over it MENE: God has numbered your kingdom, whomever He chooses. and finished it; 27 TEKEL: You have been 22 “But you his son, Belshazzar, have not weighed in the balances, and found wanthumbled your heart, although you knew ing; 28 PERES: Your kingdom has been all this. 23 And you have lifted yourself divided, and given to the Medes and Perup against agai nst the Lord of heaven. They have have sians.” a 29 Then Belshazzar gave the combrought the vessels of His house before you, mand, and they clothed Daniel with purple and you and your lords, your wives and and put a chain of gold around his neck, your concubines, have drunk wine from and made a proclamation concerning him  them. And you have prai sed the gods of  that he should be the third ruler in the kingsilver and gold, bronze and iron, wood a nd dom. stone, which do not see or hear or know; and the God who holds your breath in His Belshazzar’s Fall hand and owns all al l your ways, you have not not 30 That very night Belshazzar, king of glorified. 24 Then the fingers a of the hand  the Chaldeans, Chaldeans, was slain. 31And Darius the were sent from Him, and this writing was Mede received the kingdom, being  about  about written. sixty- two  two years old. 25 “And this is the inscr iption that was written: MENE, a MENE, TEKEL, b UPHARSIN.c

 A Co m p et it io n of G od s Dan. 5:23 Victorious armies in the ancient Middle East often subdued conquered peoples by destroying religious shrines and taking idols and relics back to their own houses of worship (1 Sam. 4:10, 11; 5:1, 2). These acts asserted that the gods of the triumphant were more powerful than the gods of the vanquished. Following this tradition, the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar looted the Israelites’ temple following the siege of Jerusalem. He took untold riches back to Babylon, including sacred objects carefully set apart for Israel’s most holy worship rituals (2 Kin. 25:13– 17). Years later, many of these spoils were brought out at the request of drunken Belshazzar and used as tableware at a drinking party (Dan. 5:2–4). 5:2–4). Like his predecessor Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar apparently thought he had won a game between gods. But the Lord turned the tables on this foolish king. As Daniel predicted, Belshazzar’s city was captured that night, its mighty ziggurats pulled down, its gods removed, and its king killed (5:30). There is only one true God (Deut. 6:4; 1 Tim. 2:5). Nations may choose to serve other gods. But in the end, the God of heaven will prevail. He has said, “My name shall be great among the Gentiles” (or nations; Mal. 1:11). More: The phrase “the writing’s on the wall”

came from this event (Dan. (D an. 5:5). The Lord won  similar contests over other gods when He defeated Pharaoh in Egypt and burned up the altar Elijah built on Mount Carmel. See “Pharaoh’s Submission” at Ex. 12:29.

The Plot Against Daniel

It pleased Darius to set over the king-

6 dom one hundred and twenty satraps,

 to be over the whole ki ngdom; 2 and over  thes e, thr three ee governor s, of whom Dani Daniel el was  one, that the satraps might give account to them, so that the king would suffer no loss. 3 Then this Daniel distinguished himself above the governors and satraps, because an excellent spirit was in him; and  the king gave thought to set ting him h im over 4  the whole whole realm. So the governors and sa traps sought to f ind some charge against Daniel concerning the ki ngdom; but they could find no charge or fault, because he was  faithful; nor was there any error or 5:24 a Literally palm

5:25 a Literally a mina (50 shekels) from the verb “to number” b Literally a shekel from the verb “to weigh” c Literally and half-shekels half- shekels from the verb “to divide” 5:28 a Aramaic Paras, consonant with Peres

DARIUS THE MEDE Dan. 5:31 Not to be confused with:  The later Persian

king Darius I Hystaspis (522–485 (522– 485 B.C.; Ezra 4:5) 4:5),, who helped the Jews who returned from Babylon to Jerusalem Jeru salem (6:1–12). (6:1–12). Family: Son of Ahasuerus, a Mede (Dan. 9:1). Occupation: King of Babylon after it fell to the Medes and Persians (539 B.C.; 5:31; 9:1). Best known as:  The ruler who threw Daniel to the lions (ch. 6). Some have challenged the biblical account because no known extrabiblical sources mention Darius the Mede. An alternativee translation of Dan. 6:28 sug gests alternativ that Darius may have actually been Cyrus the Persian. Think About It: Darius admired Daniel but let

his staff talk him into an assassination attempt against Daniel. Why? What keeps you doing right no matter who tries to dissuade you? 

D A N I E L 6 :5

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fault found in him. 5 Then these men said, Daniel praying and making supplication “We shall not find any charge against this before his God. 12And they went before the Daniel unless we find it against him con- king, and spoke concerning the king’s decree: “Have you not signed a decree that cerning the law of his God.” 6 So these governors and satraps every man who petitions any god or man  thr onged before the kin g, and said thus within thirty days, except you, O king,  to him: “King “Ki ng Darius, live forever! 7All the shall be cast into the den of lions?” The king answered and said, “The thing governors of the kingdom, the administra tors and satraps, the counselors and advi- is  true, according to the law of the Medes wh ich does not alter.” sors, have consulted together to establish and Persians, which 13 So they answered and said before a royal statute and to make a firm decree, k ing, “Th “That at Daniel, Dan iel, who i s one of the  that whoever petitions any god or man for  the king, a from Judah, does not show due captives  thirt  thi rt y days, d ays, except you, O ki king, ng, shal shalll be cast into the den of lions. 8Now Now,, O kin g, es- regard for you, O king, or for the decree  tablish the decree and a nd sign the writi w riting, ng, so  that you have sig ned, but ma kes his petiday.”  that it cannot be changed, according according to the  tion three times a day.” 14 And the king, when he heard these law of the Medes and Persians, which does not a lter. lter.”” 9 Theref Therefore ore King Dar ius signed words, was greatly displeased with himself, and set his  heart on Daniel to deliver  the written decree. him; and he labored till the t he going down of 15 Then these men  the su n to deliver h him. im. Daniel in the Lions’ Den approached the king, and said to the king, 10Now when Daniel knew that the writking,, that it is the law of the Medes ing was signed, si gned, he went home. And in his “Know, O king s tatute which upper room, with his windows w indows open toward and Persians that no decree or statute  the king est establishes ablishes may be c changed.” hanged.” Jerusalem, he knelt down on his knees 16 So the king gave the command, and  three t imes that day, and prayed and gave  they brought Daniel and cast him into the  thanks  thank s before his God, as was his cu stom den of lions. But the king spoke, saying to since early days. Daniel, “Y “ Your God, whom you serve conti n11Then these men assembled and found ually, He will deliver you.” 17Then a stone was brought and laid on the mouth of the den, and the king sealed it with his own Integrity Incites Jealousy, and signet ring and with the signets of his lords, Respect Dan. 6:1–5 6:1–5  that the purpose purpo se concernin g Daniel might mig ht not be changed.

When Darius the Mede conquered Babylon, he needed experienced managers to maintain civil order, collect taxes, and stimulate trade. He selected 120 provincial governors known as  satraps, or protectors of the kingdom. Over these he placed three governors, including Daniel. Darius chose Daniel “because an excellent spirit was in him,” that is, he was trustworthy. His reputation was above reproach, and he was known for refusing to participate in bribery or extortion. Daniel’s character so distinguished him from other officials that Darius intended to place him over the whole realm. When Daniel’s proven leadership resulted in his advancement, his rivals plotted against him. But the only “fault” they found in Daniel was that he was too faithful to God. God calls us to develop this same “excellent spirit” of trustworthiness and integrity. We honor the Lord, and other people, whenever we carry out our responsibilities with conscientious service—no service—no matter how we are viewed by others. Ultimately we’ll win respect. Regularly people will be cared for.. Daily we’ll like living with ourselves. But for during all the good that comes from integrity, some will act jealously. More: For more on ways that faith can impact

one’s management style, see “Codes of Conduct  for the Christian Christian Worker” Worker” at Col. 3:22— 3:22—4:1. 4:1.

Daniel Saved from the Lions 18Now

the king went to his palace and spent the night fasting; and no musicians a were brought before him. Also his sleep went from him. 19 Then the king arose very early in the morning and went in haste to  the den den of lions. lions. 20And when he came to the den, he cried out with wit h a lamenting voice to Daniel. The king spoke, saying to Daniel, “Daniel, servant of the living God, has your God, whom you serve continually, been able to deliver you from the lions?” 21 Then Daniel said to the king, “O king, live forever! 22 My God sent His angel and shut the lions’ mouths, so that they have not hurt me, because I was found innocent before Him; and also, O king, k ing, I have done no wrong before you.” 23 Now the king was exceedingly glad for him, and commanded that they should  take Daniel up out of t he den. den . So Daniel was taken up out of the den, and no injury whatever was found on him, because he believed in his God.

Darius Honors God 24 And

the king gave the command, and  they brought those men who had accused Daniel, and they cast them into the den of lions— them, thei theirr chi childre ldren, n, and their 6:13 a Literally of the sons of the captivity 6:18 a Exact meaning unknown

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wives; and the lions overpowered them, and broke all their bones in pieces before  they ever came to to the bottom of the den. 25 Then King Darius wrote: To all peoples, nations, and languages  that dwell in all the earth: Peace be multiplied to you. 26

I make a decree decree that in every every dominion of my kingdom men must tremble and fear before the God of Daniel.

10

DANIEL 7:22

And the Ancient of Days was seated; His garment was white as snow, And the hair of His head was like pure wool. His throne was a fiery flame, Its wheels a burning fire; A fiery stream issued And came forth from before Him. A thousand thousands ministered to Him; Ten thousand times ti mes ten thousand stood before Him. The courta was seated, And the books were opened.

For He is the living God, And steadfast forever; His kingdom is the one which shall not 11“I watched then because of the sound be destroyed, of the pompous words which the horn was And His dominion shall endure to the speaking; I watched till the beast was end. slain, and its body destroyed and given 27 He delivers and rescues,  to the burn ing fla flame. me. 12 As for the rest of And He works signs and wonders  the beasts, they had their dominion taken In heaven and on earth, away,, yet their lives were prolonged for a away Who has delivered Daniel from the season and a time. power of the lions. 13 “  “II was watching watching in the night nig ht visions, 28 So this Daniel prospered in the reign And behold,  like the Son of Man, One of Darius and in the reign of Cyrus the PerComing with w ith the clouds of heaven! sian. He came to the Ancient of Days, And they brought Him Hi m near before Vision of the Four Beasts Him. In the first year of Belshazzar king of 14 Then to to Him was was given dominion and Babylon, Bab ylon, Daniel had a dream and viglory and a kingdom, sions of his head while  on his bed. Then That all peoples, nations, and he wrote down the dream, telling the main languages should serve Him. facts. a His dominion is an everlasting 2Daniel spoke, saying, “I saw in my vidominion, sion by night, and behold, the four winds Which shall sha ll not pass away, of heaven were stirring up the Great Sea. And His kingdom the one 3 And four great beasts came up from the Which shall not be destroyed. sea, each different from the other. 4 The first was like a lion, and had eagle’s wings. Daniel’s Visions Interpreted I watched till its wings were plucked off; 15 “I, Daniel, was grieved in my spirit and it was lifted up from the earth and and the visions of my head made to stand on two feet like a man, a nd a within my body, 16I came near to one of those  troubled me. man’s heart was given to it. by, and asked him the tr uth of all 5“And suddenly another beast, beas t, a second, who stood by,  this. So he told me and made made known to me like a bear. It was raised up on one side,  the interpretation of these thing s: 17‘Those things: and had three ribs in i n its mouth between its are e   four  teeth. A nd they sa id thus to it: ‘Arise, de- great abeasts, which are four, ar 18 But which kings  arise out of the eart h.  vour much flesh!’ shall receive receive the 6 “After this I looked, and there was an-  the saints of the Most High shall kingdom, and posses possess s the kingdom forever, other, like a leopard, wh ich had on its back forever and ever.’ four wings of a bird. The beast also had even 19 “Then I wished to know the truth four heads, and dominion was g iven to it. about the fourth beast, which was different 7 “After thi s I saw in the night visions, and behold, a fourth beast, dreadful and from all the others, exceedingly dreadful, i ron and its nails of bronze,  terr ible, exceed ing ingly ly str strong. ong. It had h ad hu ge with its teeth of iron and tramiron teeth; it was devouring, breaking in which devoured, broke in pieces, 20 and the ten pled the residue with its feet; pieces, and trampling the residue with its t he other feet. It was different from all the beasts that horns that were on its head, and the were before it, and it had ten horns. 8I was horn which came up, before which three considering the horns, and there was an- fell, namely, that horn which had eyes and a other horn, a little one, coming up among mouth which spoke pompous words, whose  them, before whom whom three of the first horns appearance was greater than his fellows. 21“I was watching; and the same horn were plucked out by the roots. And there, in  this horn, were eyes like the eyes of a man, was making war against the saints, and prevailing prev ailing against them, 22until the Ancient and a mouth speaking pompous words.

7

Vision of the Ancient of Days 9

“I watched till thrones were put in place, place,

 ) of the words 7:1 a Literally the head (or chief  7:10 a Or judg ment 7:17 a Representing their kingdoms (compare verse 23)

DANIEL 7:23

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of Days came, and a judgment was made  the r am that had t wo horns, hor ns, which I had  of the saints of the Most High, a nd seen standing beside the river, and ran at in favor  of  the time came for the saint s to possess the him with furious power. 7And I saw him kingdom. confronting the ram; he was moved with 23 “Thus he said: rage against him, attacked the ram, and broke his two horns. There was no power ‘The fourth beast shall be in the ram to withstand him, but he cast A fourth kingdom on earth, him down to the ground and tra mpled him; Which shall be different from all other  and there was no one that could deliver the kingdoms, ram from his hand. And shall devour the whole earth, 8 Therefore the male goat grew very Trample it and break it in pieces. great; but when he became strong, the large 24 The ten horns are ten kings horn was broken, and in place of it four noWho shall arise f rom this kingdom.  table ones ones came up toward toward the four winds And another shall rise after them; of heaven. 9And out of one of them came a He shall be different from the fi rst ones, little horn which grew exceedingly great And shall subdue three kings.  toward  towar d the sout h, towar toward d the eas east, t, and 25 He shall speak pompous words 10  toward t he Glorious Glori ous Land. And it grew against the Most High, up to the host of heaven; and it cast down Shall persecute a the saints of the Most some of the host and some of the stars to High,  the ground, and a nd trampled them. 11He even And shall intend to change times and exalted himself  as  as high as the Prince Pri nce of the law. host; and by him the daily sacrifices  were Then the saints shall be given into his  taken away away,, and the place place of of His sanctuar y hand 12 was cast down. Because of transgresFor a time and times and half a time. sion, an army was given over to the horn 26 ‘But the court shall be seated, seated,  to oppose the daily sacrifices;  and he cast And they shall take away his  truth  tr uth dow n to the t he ground. gro und. He did all this dominion, and prospered. 13 Then I heard a holy one speaking; and To consume and destroy des troy it forever. 27 Then the kingdom and dominion, another  holy  holy one said to that certain one And the greatness of the kingdoms who was speaking, “How long will the viunder the whole heaven, sion be, concerning  the  the daily sacrifices and Shall be given to the people, the sai nts  the transg ression of desolation, the givin g of the Most High. of both the sanctuary and the host to be His kingdom is an everlasting  trampled underfoot?” 14And he said to me, “For two thousand kingdom, And all dominions shall serve and  three  thre e hund red days; a then the sanctuary obey Him.’ shall be cleansed.” 28 “This

is  the end of the account. a As for me, Daniel, my thoughts greatly troubled me, and my countenance changed; but I kept the matter in my hear t.”

Vision of a Ram and a Goat Go at In the third year of the reign of King

8 Belshazzar a vision appeared to me—  to me, Daniel— Daniel—after after the one that appeared  to me the fir st time. 2 I saw in the vision, and it so happened while I was looking,  that I was  in Shushan, the citadel, which Ela m; and I saw in the is in the province of Elam;  vision that I was by the River Ri ver Ulai. 3 Then I lifted my eyes and saw, and there, standing beside t he river, was a ram which had  two hor ns, a nd the two hor ns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher one  came up last. 4 I saw the ram pushing westward, northward, and southward, so that no animal could withstand him; nor was there any that could deliver from his hand, but he did according to his will and became great. 5And as I was considering, suddenly a male goat came from the west, across the surface of the whole earth, without touching the ground; and the goat had a notable horn between his eyes. 6 Then he came to

Gabriel Interprets the Vision 15 Then

it happened, when I, Daniel, had seen the vision and was seeking the meaning, that suddenly there stood before me one having the appearance of a man. 16And I heard a man’s voice between the banks  the Ulai, who called, and said, “Gabriel, of  the make this man understand the vision.” 17So he came near where I stood, and when he came I was afraid afra id and fell on my face; but he said to me, “Understand, son of man,  that the vision vision refers to the time of the t he end.” 18 Now, as he was speaking with me, I was in a deep sleep with my face to the ground; but he touched me, and stood me upright. 19And he said, “Look, I am making known to you what shall happen in the latter time of the indig nation; for at the appointed time the end shall be. 20 The ram which you saw, saw, having the two horns —they are  the kin gs of Media and Persia. 21And  the male mal e goat is  the kingdoma of Greece. The large horn that is  between its eyes is  the first king. 22As for the broken horn and 7:25 a Literally wear out 7:28 a Literally a the word 8:14  Literally eveningevening-mornings mornings 8:21 a Literally king, representing his kingdom

(compare 7:1 7:17, 7, 23)

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DANIEL 9:13

8 “O Lord, to us belongs shame of face,  the four that stood up in its plac place, e, four four kingdoms shall arise out of that nation, but not  to our kings, our princes, and our fathers, with its it s power. because we have sinned against You. 9 To   mercy and for mercy 23 “And in the latter time of their k ingdom,  the Lord our God belong  giveness, though we have rebelled against When the transgressors have reached Him. 10 We have not obeyed the voice of  their fullness, ful lness,  the LORD   our God, to walk in His laws, A king shall arise, which He set before us by His servants t he Having fierce features, prophets. 11Yes, all Israel has transgresse tr ansgressed d Who understands sinister schemes. Your law, and has departed so as not to 24 His power power shall be mighty, but not by by obey Your voice; therefore the curse and his own power;  the oat h wr itten in the oath t he Law of Moses Mo ses t he He shall destroy fearfully, servant of God have been poured out on And shall prosper and thrive; us, because we have sinned against Hi m. He shall destroy the mighty, and also 12And He has confirmed His words, which  the holy people. people. He spoke against us and against our judges 25 “Through his cunning who judged us, by by bringing bringi ng upon us a great He shall cause deceit to prosper under disaster; for under the whole heaven such his rule;a has never been done as what has ha s been done And he shall exalt himself  in  in his heart.  to Jerusalem. Jerusalem. 13“As it is written in the Law of Moses, He shall destroy many in their  prosperity. all this disaster has come upon us; yet we He shall even rise against the Prince 8:25 a Literally hand b Literally hand of princes; But he shall be broken without human means. b 26 “And

the vision of the evening s and mornings Which was told is true; Therefore seal up the vision, For it refers to many days in the future.” 27And

I, Daniel, fainted and was sick for days; afterward I arose a nd went about  the king’s business. I was was astonished astonished by the  vision, but no one one understood it.

Daniel’s Prayer for the People In the first year of Darius the son of

9 Ahasuerus, of the lineage of the Medes, who was made king over the realm of the Chaldeans— 2in the first year of his reign I, Daniel, understood by the books the number of the years specified by the word of the LORD  throug h Jeremiah the prophet, that He would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem. 3 Then I set my face toward the Lord God  to mak make e requ request est by pra prayer yer and sup suppli plicati cations, ons, 4 with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes. And I prayed to the LORD my God, and made confession, and said, “O Lord, great and awesome God, who keeps His coven covenant ant and mercy with those who love Him, and with wit h those who keep His commandments, 5we have sinned and committed iniquity, we have done wickedly and rebelled, even by departdepar ting from f rom Your Your precepts and a nd Your Your judgments. 6Neither have we heeded Your servants the prophets, who spoke in Your name to our kings king s and our princes, to our fathers and all  the people people of the land. 7O Lord, righteousness belongs to You, You, but to us shame sha me of face, as it is this day— to the men men of of Judah, Judah, to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and all Israel, those near and those far off in all the countries to which You You have driven them, because of the unfaithfulness which they have committed against again st You. You.

Understanding Prophecy Dan. 9:1–7  9:1–7 

The meaning and significance of biblical prophecy unfolds when we understand that the prophets were less concerned with prediction than with revelation—that revelation—that is, whether or not a prophecy pertains to the future, a word from God is significant because it reveals something that He wants His people to know and do today. Prophecy is not just  foretelling the future; it is  forth telling the word of the Lord. Daniel’s response to Jeremiah’s prophecies demonstrates this point. When Babylon fell to the Persians, Daniel recognized that more than political change was taking place. He perceived God’s hand at work. The Bible tells us that he had access to Jeremiah’s prophecies. Perhaps he had a copy of  Jeremiah’s letter to the exiles telling them to expect a seventy-year seventy-year captivity (Jer. ( Jer. 29:10). Daniel’s careful reflection on this information moved him to repentance. This is a remarkable response. He could have hailed Babylon’s fall as a prophetic signal of the end of Judah’s captivity. He could have approached Darius and demanded his people’s people ’s immediate release, in the style of Moses. He could have become complacent in his duties, figuring that he was on his way home. Instead, Daniel repented. He focused not on dates and timetables but on what was right, and on his own need for heart change. He was less concerned with when the captivity would end than with why it would end. He wondered not How soon will we go home?  but  Are we ready to go home?   The purpose of studying prophecy is to hear God and respond to His words.

DANIEL 9:14

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have not made our prayer before the LORD people Israel, and presenting my suppliour God, that we might turn from our iniq- cation before the L ORD   my God for the uities and understand Your truth. 14There- holy mountain of my God, 21yes, while I fore the LORD has kept the disaster in mind, was  speaking in prayer, the man Gabriel, and brought it upon us; for the LORD  our whom I had seen in the vision at the beginreached God is righteous in all a ll the works which He ning, being caused to fly sw iftly, reached does, though thou gh we have not obeyed His voice. me about the time of the evening offering. 15And now, now, O Lord our God, Go d, who brought 22And he informed me, and talked with me, forth Your people out of the land of Egypt with and said, “O Daniel, I have now come forth understand. 23At the bea mighty might y hand, and made Yourself a name,  to give you skill to understand. ginning ing of your supplications the command as it is this day—we day—we have sinned, we have ginn went out, and I have come to tell you, for done wickedly! 16 “O Lord, according to all Your rig hyou are great  greatly ly beloved; therefore consider matter,, and understand the vision:  teousness, I pray, let Your Your anger a nd Your Your  the matter fury be turned away from Your city Jeru- 24  “Seventy weeks a are determined salem, Your holy mountain; because for our For your people and for your holy city, sins, and for the iniquit ies of our fathers, To finish the transgression, Jerusalem and a nd Your Your people are a reproach To make an a n end of b sins,  to all those around us. 17Now therefore, our To make reconcil iation for iniquity, iniquit y, God, hear the t he prayer of Your Your servant, ser vant, and To bring in everlasting righteousness, his supplications, and for the Lord’s sake To seal up vision and a nd prophecy prophecy,, cause Your face to shine on Your sanctuAnd to anoint t the he Most Holy. ary, which is desolate. 18O my God, incline  “Know now therefore and understand, understand, Your ear and hear; open Your Your eyes and see 25 “K That from the going forth fort h of the command our desolations, and the city which is called To restore and build bui ld Jerusalem by Your name; for we do not present our Until Messiah the Prince, supplications before You because of our There shall be seven weeks and righteous deeds, dee ds, but because of Your great sixty- two  two weeks; mercies. 19 O Lord, hear! O Lord, forgive! a shall be built again, and The street O Lord, listen and act! Do not delay for  the wall, b Your own sake, my God, for Your city and Even in troublesome times. Your people are called by Your name.”

The Seventy-Weeks Seventy-Weeks Prophecy 20 Now

while I was  speaking, praying, and confessing my sin and the sin of my

9:24 a Literally sevens, and so throughout the

chapter b Following Qere, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate; Kethib and Theodotion read To seal up. 9:25 a Or open square b Or moat

Daniel’s Prayer Patterns Dan. 9:24, 25 Daniel talked with God no matter what. This regular communication was likely central to the character Daniel developed. Some observations: • Daniel prayed after studying Scripture. Daniel’s prayer came “in the first year of Darius,” around 539 B.C. (Dan. 9:1), the year that Babylon fell to the Persians. This astounding event must have sent Daniel to the Scriptures for insight. As he studied the Law, he found reasons for Judah’s exile (9:11–13; (9:11– 13; compare Lev. 26; Deut. 27–28). 27–28). He also found promises of restoration— if the people repented of their sins (Lev. 26:40–45). 26:40–45). • Daniel confessed his people’s sins . Daniel lived with integrity both before and after his deportation to Babylon. Despite his personal innocence in many areas, he confessed sins as a member of God’s wayward people. Four times he told the Lord, “We have sinned” (Dan. 9:5, 8, 11, 15). This exemplifies corporate confession, accepting one’s personal responsibility for a people’s failings (see “Corporate Confession” at Lam. 1:18).

• Daniel fasted and repented . Daniel demonstrated remorse by wearing sackcloth and smearing himself with ashes, communicating to God that he was sorry for his people’s sins. Only after this prolonged confession did Daniel ask for mercy (9:16, 17). He did not raise the possibility of restoration, despite God’s promises and Daniel’s awareness of  Jeremiah’s prophecies prophecies (9:2). He asked asked only that the Lord would act according to His own interests (9:18, 19). Not long after Daniel asked this, Cyrus issued a decree allowing the Jews to return to  Jerusalem and rebuild the temple (2 Chr Chr.. 36:22, 23). Gabriel indicates that there was a connection between Daniel’s prayer, Cyrus’s decree, and Jeremiah’s prophecies (Dan. 9:23–25). 9:23–25). Prayer does not convince or coerce God to give us what we want. It acknowledges our situation and admits our need for His help. And it connects us to Him.

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DANIEL 11:6

26 “And

after the sixty- two weeks yourself before your God, your words were heard; and I have come because of your Messiah shall be cut c ut off, but not for Himself; words. 13But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me twenty-one twenty- one days; and And the people of the prince who is to behold, Michael, one of the chief princes, come came to help me, for I had been left alone Shall destroy the city and the  there with the kings of Persia. 14Now I have sanctuary. come to make you understand what will The end of it shall be with a flood, happen to your people in the latter days, And till the end of the war desolations for the vision refers to many days yet to are determined. 27 Then he shall confirm a cov coven enant ant with come.” 15 When he had spoken such words to many for one week; me, I turned my face toward the ground But in the middle of the week and became speechless. 16And suddenly, He shall bring an end to sacrifice and one   having the likeness of the sons a of offering. And on the wing of abominations shall men touched my lips; then I opened my mouth and spoke, saying to hi m who stood be one who makes desolate, Even until the consummation, which is before me, “My lord, because of the vision my sorrows have overwhelmed me, and I determined, have hav e retained no st rength. 17For how can Is poured out on the desolate.”  this serva nt of my lord ta lk with w ith you, my lord? As for me, n no o streng strength th remains i n me in Vision of the Glorious Man now,, nor is any breath left in i n me.” In the third year of Cyrus k ing of Per- now 18 Then again, the one having the likesia a message was revealed to Daniel, streng thened whose name was called Belteshazzar. The ness of a man touched me and strengthened 19 message was true, but the appointed time me. And he said, “O man g reatly beloved, was long;a and he understood the message, fear not! Peace be  to you; be strong, yes, and had understanding of the vision. 2 In be strong!” So when he spoke to me me I was streng th those days I, Daniel, was wa s mourni ng three thr ee ened, and said, “Let my lord speak, for you 3 full weeks. I ate no pleasant food, no meat or wine came into my mouth, nor did I have strengthened me.” 20 Then he said, “Do you know why I anoint myself at all, till three whole weeks have come to to you? And now I must return retu rn were fulfilled.  to fight with the prince of Persia; and when 4 Now on the twenty-fourth twenty- fourth day of the I have gone forth, indeed the prince of first month, as I was by the side of the great 21 river, that is,  the Tigris,a 5I lifted my eyes Greece will come. But I will tell you what and looked, and behold, a certain man is noted in the Scripture of Truth. (No one t hese, except Michael clothed in linen, whose waist was  girded upholds me against these, your prince. 6 with gold of Uphaz! His body was   like “Also in the first year of Dari us the beryl, his face like the appearance of lightMede, I, even I, stood up to confirm ning, his eyes like torches of fire, his arms and strengthen him.) 2 And now I will and feet like burnished bur nished bronze in color, and uth: h: Behol d, th three ree more  the sound sou nd of his hi s words l ike the voice of a  tell you the tr ut kings will arise in Persia, and the fourth multitude. them shall be far richer than   all; by his 7And I, Daniel, alone saw the vision, for stir  the men who were with me did not see the strength, through his riches, he shall 3 Then up all against the realm of Greece.  vision; but a great terror fell upon them, so  that they fled f led to hide themselves. 8 There- a mighty king shall arise, who shall rule dominion, and do according to fore I was left alone when I saw this great with great 4  vision, and no strength remained in me; for his will. And when he has arisen, his kingmy vigor was turned to frailty in me, and I dom shall be broken up and divided toward fou r winds w inds of heaven, but not among a mong retained no strength. 9 Yet I heard the sound  the four of his words; and while I heard the sound of his posterity nor according to his dominion his words I was in a deep sleep on my face, with which he ruled; for his kingdom shall be uprooted, even for others besides these. with my face to the ground.

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Prophecies Concerning Persia and Greece

Warring Kings of North and South

5 “Also the king of the South shall bea hand ha nd touched me, which made me tremble on my knees and on the come strong, as well as one of his princes; palms of my hands. 11And he said to me, and he shall gain power over him and have “O Daniel, man greatly beloved, under- dominion. 6His dominion shall be a great stand the words that I speak to you, and dominion. And at the end of some years  they shall sha ll joi n forces, for the daughter dau ghter of stand upri ght, for I have now been sent sent to  the king of the South shall go to the king of you.” While he was speaking this word to  the Nort h to make an agreement; a greement; but she me, I stood trembling. 12 Then he said to me, “Do not fear, 10:1 a Or and of great conflict 10:4 a Hebrew a Daniel, for from the first day that you set Hiddekel 10:16  Theodotion and Vulgate read your heart to understand, and to humble the son; Septuagint reads a hand . 10 Suddenly Suddenly,,

D A N I E L 11:7

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shall not retain the power of her authority, a and neither he nor his authority b  shall stand; but she shall be g iven up, with those who brought her, and with him who begot her, and with him who strengthened her in those times. 7But from a branch of her roots one shall arise in i n his place, who who shall come with an army, enter the fortress of the king of the North, and deal with them and prevail. 8And he shall also carry their gods captive to Egypt, with their princes a and  their preciou s art a rticles icles of si lver and a nd gold; and he shall continue more years than the king of the North. 9 “Also the king of the North shall come  to the t he kingdo k ingdom m of the ki king ng of t he South, Sou th, 10 but shall return to his own la nd. However his sons shall st ir up str ife, and assemble assemble a multitude of great forces; and one  shall certainly come and overwhelm and pass  through; then he shall return to his fortress and stir up strife. 11“And the king of the South shall be moved with rage, and go out and fight with him, with the king of the North, who shall muster a great multitude; but the multitude shall be given into the hand of his enemy. 12 When he has taken away the multitude, his heart will be lifted up; and he will cast down tens of thousands, but he will not pre vail. 13For the king of the North will return ret urn and muster a multitude greater than the former, and shall certainly come at the end of some years with a great g reat army and a nd much equipment. 14“Now in those times many shall rise up against the king of the South. Also,  violent  viole nt men a  of your people shall exalt  themselves in fulf illment of the vision, but  they shal l fall. fal l. 15So the king of the North shall come and build a siege mound, and  take a fortified city; cit y; and the forces forces a of the South shall not withstand him. Even his choice troops shall have no strength to resist. 16But he who comes against him shall do according to his own will, and no one shall stand against him. He shall stand in  the Glorious Land with w ith destruc dest ruction tion in his power.a 17“He shall also set his hi s face to enter enter with  the strength of his whole whole kingdom, and upright onesa with him; thus t hus shall he do. And he shall give him h im the daughter of women to destroy it; but she shall not stand with him, or be for him. 18After this he shall turn his face to the coastlands, and shall take many. But a ruler shall bring the reproach against  them to an end; and with the reproach removed, he shall turn back on him. 19 Then he shall turn his h is face toward the fortress fortress of his own land; but he shall stumble and fall, and not be found. 20 “There shall arise ar ise in his place one who who imposes taxes on the glorious kingdom; but withi n a few days days he shall be destroyed, but not in anger or in battle. 21And in his place shall arise ar ise a vile person, to whom they will not give the honor of royalty; but he shall come in peaceably, and seize the kingdom

by intrigue. 22 With the force a of a flood  they shall be swept away away from before before him and be broken, and also the prince of the coven cov enant. ant. 23 And after the league is made with him he shall act deceitfully, for he shall come up and become strong with a small number of  people.   people. 24 He shall enter peaceably, even into the richest places of  the province; and he shall do what his fa thers have not done, nor his forefather s: he shall disperse disper se among them the plunder, spoil, and riches; and he shall devise his plans against the strongholds, but only for a time. 25 “He shall stir up his power and his courage against again st the king of the South with a great army. And the king of the South shall be stirred up to battle with a very great and mighty army; but he shall not stand, for they shall devise plans against him. 26 Yes, those who eat of the por tion of his delicacies shall destroy him; his army shall be s wept away, away, and many shal l fall down slain. 27Both these kings’ hearts shall be bent on evil, and they shall spea k lies at  the same table; but it shall not prosper, for for  the end will still be at the appointed time. 28 While returning to his land with great riches, his heart shall be moved against  the holy coven covenant; ant; so he shall do damage and return to his own land.

The Northern King’s Blasphemies 29 “At

the appointed time he shall return and go toward the south; but it shall not be like the former or the latter. 30For ships from Cyprus a  shall come against him;  therefore he shal l be gr grieved, ieved, and a nd ret urn in rage against the holy coven cov enant, ant, and do damage. “So he shall retur n and show regard for  those who forsake the holy cov coven enant. ant. 31And a forces  shall be mustered by him, and they shall defile the sanctuary fortress; then  they shal l take away t he daily dai ly sacrifices, and place there the abomination of desola tion. 32 Those who do wickedly against the coven cov enant ant he shall corrupt with flattery; but the people who know their God shall be strong, and carry out great exploits. 33And those of the people who understand shall instruct instr uct many; yet for many days they shall fall by sword and flame, by captivity and plundering. 34Now when they fall, they shall be aided with a little help; but many shall join with them by intrigue. 35 And some of those of understanding shall fall, fal l, to refine them, purify them, and make them white, until the time of the end; because it is still for the appointed time. 36 “Then the king shall do according  to his own wil l: he shall exalt a nd magni11:6 a Literally arm b Literally arm 11:8 a Or a molded images 11:14  Or robbers,  literally sons of breakage 11:15 a Literally arms 11:16 a Literally hand 11:17 a Or bring equitable terms 11:22 a Literally arms 11:30 a Hebrew Kittim, western lands, especially Cyprus 11:31 a Literally arms

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fy himself above every god, shall speak blasphemies against the God of gods, and shall prosper till the wrath has been accomplished; for what has been determined shall be done. 37He shall regard neither the God a of his fathers nor the desire of women, nor regard any god; for he shall exalt himself above them all. 38But in their place he shall honor a god of fortresses; and a god which his fathers did not know he shall honor with gold and silver, with precious stones and pleasant things. 39 Thus he shall act against the strongest fortresses with a foreign god, which he shall acknowledge, and  advance its glory; and he shall cause  them to rule over over many many,, and divide the land for gain.

The Northern King’s Conquests 40 “At

the time of the end the king of  the South shal shalll at tack h im; and t he king k ing of the North shall come against him like a whirlwind, with chariots, horsemen, and with many ships; and he shall enter  the countr ies, overwhelm them, and pass  throug  thr ough. h. 41He shall also enter the Glorious Land, and many countries shall be overthrown; but these shall escape from his hand: Edom, Moab, and the prominent people of Ammon. 42He shall stretch out his hand against the countries, and the land of Egypt shall not escape. 43He shall have power over the treasures of gold and silver, and over all the precious things of Egypt; also the Libyans and Ethiopians shall follow at his heels. 44 But news from the east and the north shall trouble him; therefore he shall go out with great fur y to destroy and annihilate many. 45And he shall plant  the tents tents of his palace palace between between the seas seas and and  the glor ious holy mounta in; yet he shal l come to his end, and no one will help hi m.

Prophecy of the End Time “At that time ti me Michael shall sta nd up, The great prince who stands watch over the sons of your people; And there shall be a time t ime of trouble, Such as never was since there was a nation, Even to that time. And at that time your people shall be   delivered,

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DANIEL 12:13

Every one who is found writ ten in the book. And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, Some to everlasting life, Some to shame and everlasting contempt. Those who are wise shall shine Like the brightness of the firmament, And those who turn many to righteousness Like the sta rs forever and ever. 4 “But

you, Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book until the t he time of the end; many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall increase.” 5 Then I, Daniel, looked; and there t here stood  two others, one on this r iverbank and the other on that riverbank. 6 And one said to  the man clothed in linen, l inen, who was  above  the waters of the river, “How long shall the fulfillment of these wonders be?” 7 Then I heard the man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, when he held up his right hand and hi s left hand to heaven, and swore by Him who lives forever, that it shall be  for a time,  times, and hal f a time; and when the power of the holy people has been completely shattered, shattere d, all al l these things shall be finished. 8Although I heard, I did not understand. Then I said, “My lord, what shall be the end of these things? ” 9And he said, “Go your way, Daniel, for  the words are closed up and sealed till the  time of the end. 10Many shall be purified, made white, and refined, but the wicked shall do wickedly; and none of the wicked shall understand, but the wise shall understand. 11“And from t he time that the daily sacrifice is ta ken away, away, and the abomi nation of desolation is set up, there shall be one  thousand  thous and two hundr hundred ed and ni ninety nety days. 12Blessed is he who waits, and a nd comes to the one thousand three hundred and thirty-five thirty- five days. 13“But you, go your way till the end; for you shall rest, and will arise to your inheritance at the end of the t he days.” 11:37 a Or gods