Top Science 3 PRIMARY ACTIVITY BOOK
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CONTENTS UNIT
1
Your body
2
Our senses
3
Living things
4
Vertebrate animals
5
Invertebrate animals
6
Machines
7
Planet Earth
8
Water
9 10 11 12 13
Air and weather Landscapes
Villages and cities Jobs Work and services
14
Local government
15
Finding out about the past
TERM ACTIVITIES
TOPICS
4
10
16
22
28
34
40
46
52
58
64
70
76
82
The human body Your body moves
You grow and change
Sight Hearing
Smell, taste and touch
Nutrition Sensitivity
Reproduction
Mammals Reptiles and birds
Fish and amphibians
Invertebrate animals Insects
Machines Simple and compound machines The Earth, the Sun and the Moon The Earth and the Moon move
Maps and globes
The different states of water Water in nature
The water cycle
Air Weather and climate
Weather and the seasons
Inland landscapes Coastal landscapes
Rivers, lakes and reservoirs
Villages Cities Crop farming Stockbreeding and fishing
Factory work
Services Trade
Transport and communications
Local councils Municipal services The passing of time Memories from the past
The past and present of cities and villages
88 94
PROJECTS AND GAMES
106
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1
Unit
1 Match the photograph to the part of the body. forearm
3
abdomen
thigh
4
Say whether these body parts are part of the head, the trunk or the limbs. Picture 1 - limbs, Picture 2 - limbs, Picture 3 - trunk 2 Circle the odd word out. HEAD
TRUNK
face
forehead
abdomen
UPPER LIMBS
arms
LOWER LIMBS
thighs
thorax
thighs
feet
abdomen
chin
forearm
back
forearms
hands
hands
legs
Point to and say the parts of the body in the photograph.
4
four
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3 Label the organs. Complete the sentence. brain
heart
lungs
kidney stomach muscle intestines bone
Your organs
are inside your body. They make your body function.
4 Find and write the differences.
MODEL ANSWER (M. A.)
Peter
Mark
curly hair
straight hair
glasses
no glasses
large eyes
small eyes
braces
no braces
tall
short
slim
robust
green eyes
brown eyes
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1
7
5 Solve the riddles about parts of the body. Then, number.
1
3
2
4
3 I am inside your body. I am a living thing. I grow with you. Bone . 4 Bones join together here. Joint .
8
1 I hold moveable joints together. L igament . 2 I stretch and contract. I am attached to the bones inside your arm. Muscle .
6 Write T (true) or F (false). T Bones can be long, short or flat. F The femur is a short bone. T The skull is a fixed joint. F Bones are not living things. T Bones can grow. T Moveable joints are found where the bones move in one direction.
6
six
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7 Label the muscles. Complete the sentences. A
B
biceps
triceps
Bones and muscles work together to move your body. Muscles are flexible. When the biceps
muscle contracts, the arm bends at the elbow.
When the triceps
muscle contracts, the arm stretches.
8 Complete the word puzzle. Find the missing word. 5 1 1
T
R
2 3
I
C
4 8
The skeleton
L
I
P
S
2
K
N
E
E
R
A
U
R
V
E
R
T
E
B
4
S
K
U
L
L
5
F
E
M
3 6
E
W
R
I
S
T
7
E
L
B
O
W
G
A
M
E
N
T
6
7
8
is made up of bones and supports the weight of the body.
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1 9 Look at the photographs of childhood. Unscramble and write sentences.
a. drink
Babies
mother’s
11
their
milk
Babies drink their mother’s milk
b. walk
learn
.
Babies
to
Babies learn to walk
.
12
c. start
to
Permanent
Permanent teeth start to grow
grow
teeth .
10 Write A for adolescent or B for adult. A They grow very quickly. B They go out to work or look after the home. A They start to grow facial and body hair. B Their body is fully developed. A Their voice gets deeper.
8
eight
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11 Put the stages of Sarah’s life in order. 5 Sarah’s muscles are weaker, but she still likes to do exercise. 1 Sarah learns to talk.
4 Sarah goes to work every day. She has got two children. 3 Sarah suddenly grows a lot and develops breasts. 2 Sarah’s milk teeth start to fall out and permanent teeth start to grow.
12 Draw ways to identify your friend.
iris
OPEN ANSWER (O. A.)
O. A.
fingerprint
teeth
O. A.
O. A.
signature
Exchange books. Your partner guesses who the friend is. nine 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 9
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2
Unit
1 Write the senses. Then, draw the sense organs on the picture. sight
smell
hearing
3 taste
touch
taste touch
hearing
4 sight
smell
2 Label the diagrams of the inner eye and the outer eye. Lens
R etina
E yelashes
Eyelid
Optic nerve
Pupil
I ris
I ris
Pupil
C ornea
10
ten
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3 Match the sentence halves. a. Light enters the eye
helps the eye focus.
b. The pupil is
a coloured ring.
c.
captures the light.
The iris is
d. The lens
through the cornea.
e. The retina
the hole in the centre of the iris.
4 How does the girl see the bird? Unscramble and write sentences.
a.
girl’s
a
flying
The
eyes
object
see
The girl’s eyes see a flying object
b. the
sent
through
to
.
This
optic
nerve
the
information
is
This information is sent to the brain through the optic nerve
c.
knows
a
and
brain
is
Her brain knows it is a bird and not a bee
it
Her
bird
brain .
a
not
bee . eleven
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2 5 Label the diagram of the ear.
8
A P inna
A
B S mall bones
C
B
C C ochlea D E ar canal E E ardrum F A uditory nerve
F
E
D
6 Classify the parts of the ear. small bones Outer ear
9
ear canal
cochlea
pinna
Middle ear
ear canal
small bones
pinna
eardrum
eardrum
Inner ear cochlea
10
7 Write about different ways you can take care of your ears. M. A. You should keep your ears clean, dry your ears after having a shower or bath, visit the doctor if you have an ear infection, use large headphones that cover the entire ear and not listen to loud music. You should not use cotton buds.
12
twelve
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8 Complete the sentences about hearing. eardrum
sound waves
auditory nerve
vibrates
ear canal
When a guitar string vibrates
left
small bones it produces sound.
It sends sound waves
through
the air. If the guitar is on your left, the sound reaches your left ear first. The sound goes through the pinna and enters the canal . ear The eardrum
vibrates when the sound reaches it.
The three small bones
make the sound louder.
The cochlea sends sound through the auditory nerve
to the brain.
9 Put the sentences in order to describe how sound reaches the brain. 2 The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain. 3 The brain interprets the information. 1 The sound captured by the ear is received by the cochlea. 10 Draw and label something that produces a pleasant sound and something that produces an irritating sound.
O. A.
O. A.
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2 11 Read the sentences about the sense of smell. Write T (true) or F (false).
14
T The sense organ of smell is in your nose. F We can distinguish five basic smells.
nose
T The nasal cavity has special smell receptors. F Odours enter the nose through the olfactory bulb. T The inside of the mouth and the nose are connected.
nostrils
F Taste and sight work together to distinguish different flavours.
nasal cavity
12 Label the tongue. Use these words. sweet
sour
bitter
bitter
umami
salty
sour salty
umami sweet
15
13 Complete the sentences and draw your favourite food. O. A. My favourite food is . O. A. It has a
flavour. O. A.
14
fourteen
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14 Find words related to touch. Then, use the words to complete the text. S
O
F
T
I
E
M
M
G
L
W
R
F
V
S
E
N
S
I
T
I
V
E
I
E
S
G
Q
T
O
U
C
H
R
E
C
E
P
T
O
R
S
X
D
C
O
L
D
I
P
S
S
O
M
F
Y
E
G
Q
T
P
P
M
S
K
I
N
V
I
L
Q
B
F
I
N
G
E
R
T
I
P
S
W
P
The sense organ of touch is the skin . We distinguish different sensations through our t r . Our f ouch eceptors ingertips and l are very s . The sense of touch allows ips ensitive us to distinguish whether something is dry or w , et hot or c , or hard or s . old oft 15 Complete the table about the senses. Sense
Sense organ
What does it do?
sight
eye
It allows us to see.
taste
tongue
It captures flavours.
smell
nose
It captures smells.
touch
skin
It distinguishes sensations.
hearing
ear
It captures sounds.
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Unit
3
1 Draw a path between the living things to the finish line.
3
START LION It eats, runs and sleeps.
HELICOPTER It flies through the air.
4 ROBOT It can walk and talk. SNAKE It slithers along the ground.
WASP It is small. It can sting you.
SUNFLOWER It produces its own food and needs sunlight.
SNOWMAN It melts in the sunshine.
5
FINISH
s 2 Complete the sentences. Use these words. nutrients
nutrition
energy
a. Living things need food for the process of nutrition . b. Living things absorb nutrients and be healthy. c. Food gives us energy
16
from food to help them grow
w
to run, jump, play and think.
sixteen
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3 Match the words to the photographs. Draw the missing animal. carnivore
herbivore
omnivore
O. A.
4 Unscramble and write the sentences about photosynthesis. a. b. c.
the
sunlight
is
leaves
from
Energy
taken through
Energy from sunlight is taken through the leaves taken through
and
Water
are
roots
. mineral
salts
the
Water and mineral salts are taken through the roots taken from
leaves
air
dioxide
the
. is
Carbon
the
through
Carbon dioxide is taken from the air through the leaves
.
5 Label the diagram of plant nutrition. sunlight
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide mineral salts water sunlight
water/mineral salts
The green substance in leaves mineral salts/water
chlorophyll is called . seventeen
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3 6 Read the text. Then, draw the next picture.
8
Look at the bee. It wants to sting the girl because she is near the beehive. The bee flies closer to the girl. The girl can hear the bee. She turns around. She sees the bee. What happens next?
O. A.
9
7 Look at the pictures. Complete the text about sensitivity. Use these words. eyes sense organs
muscles
nose
nerves
living things
ears
brain
Look at the panther. It is using its sense organs. It uses its to hear the ears antelope. It uses its to smell the antelope. It uses its nose eyes
to see
the antelope. It wants to eat the antelope. The panther’s sense organs send information brain to the
10
nerves through the . The brain interprets the information. It
muscles sends a message to the leg
and the panther jumps.
living things sense All have sensitivity. People and animals use organs , muscles and the nervous system to respond to the environment.
18
eighteen
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8 Complete the text and find the missing word. touch
leaves
light
day
water
night
Plants do not have a nervous system, but they do interact with their environment. Their roots grow towards w a t e r and their stems and l e a v e s grow towards the l i g h t . Some plants open their flowers during the d a y and some at n i g h t . The leaves of some plants close if you t o u c h them. Some plants wrap themselves around other plants as they grow. This life process is called s e n s i t i v i t y. 9 Look at the pictures. Describe how this plant interacts with the environment. Use these words. sunlight A
water
B
nutrients
M. A. The roots of the plant grow towards the water. They absorb water and nutrients from the soil. The stem grows towards the sunlight. Sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis.
10 Write animals and / or plants. a. They make their own food. plants animals and plants b. They need water to live. animals c. They eat living things. d. They need sunlight to make food. plants nineteen 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 19
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3 11 Find and circle the words about reproduction in animals. male
female
mating
offspring
sexual
13 asexual
reproduction
O
F
F
S
P
R
I
N
G
G
T
M
X
E
B
S
E
V
S
A
J
D
P
A
M
M
S
E
P
X
P
E
N
H
X
T
A
A
E
N
I
L
U
C
S
A
M
I
L
L
N
X
R
P
I
A
F
U
A
N
E
E
A
S
E
X
U
A
L
B
L
G
R
E
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
Use two of the words to complete the definitions. a. Sexual
reproduction: the male and female mate to produce offspring.
b. Asexual
reproduction: animals do not mate to produce offspring.
12 Look at the animals and write V (viviparous) or O (oviparous). Then, complete the sentences.
O V
V
O
14 V V
O
The offspring of viviparous animals grow inside their mother’s w omb . The offspring of oviparous animals grow inside an e . gg
20
twenty
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13 Complete the sentences about the apple tree. Use these words. seeds
germinate
apple tree
carpel
grows
The apple tree grows
The carpel of the flower turns into an apple. The apple grows.
flowers.
A new apple The apple has
tree grows.
seeds inside.
The apples fall to the ground and the seeds germinate . They grow small roots and a stem. 14 Lood at the pictures of plant reproduction. Write sexual or asexual. A
sexual
B
asexual
C
sexual twenty-one
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4
Unit
1 Use the key to colour the vertebrates. Key
3 green
blue
green
mammal reptile amphibian
red brown red red
yellow
fish bird
brown
4
2 What am I? Solve the riddles and write the animal. I breathe through lungs. My baby is called a calf. People make dairy products from my milk.
a. cow
I I I I
can’t walk when I am born. live in my mother’s pouch. When am older, I hop on two legs. live in Australia.
c. kangaroo
I am born from my mother’s womb. I have fur. I like to play with you and go for walks. I live with people.
b. dog
fi
I am born on land. I spend a lot of time on the frozen sea in the Arctic. I have a lot of white fur to keep me warm. d. polar bear
Write another riddle about your favourite animal. O. A.
22
twenty-two
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3 Complete the sentences about marine mammals. Use these words. lungs
womb
bare
air
vertebrates
skeleton
viviparous
milk
Whales are marine mammals. They are vertebrates because they have a made of bones. skeleton They are because they are born from viviparous their mother’s . They drink their mother’s womb milk bare . They have skin. They breathe through so they need lungs to get oxygen from the . This is why they come to the surface. air 4 Finish and label the sketch of a bat. Then, answer the questions. wing
arm
fingers
ears
eyes
thumb
thumb arm
ears eyes
fingers
O. A.
wing
a. When do bats hunt? Bats hunt at night. b. Which sense organs do bats use to help them hunt? They use their ears. c. How is a bat different from most other mammals? Bats are different from most other mammals because they can fly. twenty-three 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 23
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4 5 Write similarities and differences.
8 Baby chimpanzee
Human baby no fur
fur
eyes at front of face
eyes at front of face
big brain
big brain
6 Complete the sentences about reptiles. Then, match them to the photographs. shell
slithers
oxygen
scutes
9
a. Its skin is protected by bony scutes . slithers . b. To move, it c. It is aquatic but breathes oxygen . shell . d. To protect its body, it has a hard A
C
D
B
7 Tick the animals that take care of their babies.
✓
24
✓
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8 Read about reptiles and birds. Write All, Some, or None. Reptiles
Birds
They breathe in oxygen through lungs.
All
All
They walk on legs.
Some
All
They lay their eggs on land.
All
All
They are vertebrates.
All
All
They have two wings and feathers.
None
All
They incubate their eggs.
Some
All
Their skin is covered with scales.
All
None
9 Solve the clues to complete the word puzzle. Find the mystery word. D 1
I
N
C
W
I
N
G
S
3
B
O
N
E
S
H
E
R
S
5
S
C
A
L
E
S
2
4
F
E
A
T
6
O
V
I
P
A
R
O
U
S
7
C
A
R
N
I
V
O
R
E
S
8
O
S
T
R
U
I
B
A
C
H
T
E
1. Birds sit on their eggs to … them. 2. … are the parts of a bird’s body that it uses for flying. 3. Scientists study … to find out about dinosaurs. 4. Birds’ bodies are covered in … . 5. Reptiles have … on their skin and birds have them on their legs. 6. Animals that are born from eggs are … . 7. Animals that eat other animals are … . 8. An … is a very large bird with long legs that cannot fly. dinosaurs Scientists think that birds are descended from . twenty-five 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 25
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4 10 Label the parts of the fish. dorsal fins caudal fin pectoral fin
gills
caudal fin
anal fin
13
dorsal fins gills
pelvic fin
anal fin
pectoral fin
pelvic fin
14 11 Unscramble and write sentences about fish. a. oxygen
through
breathe in
gills
Fish
their
Fish breathe in oxygen through their gills b. to
fins
use
Fish
.
swim
their
Fish use their fins to swim
.
15 12 Draw the missing stage of the life cycle of a fish. Then, describe each picture. Eggs
Baby fish
Adult fish
O. A.
M. A. Eggs: Fish are oviparous animals. They lay many small eggs in water. These eggs have no protective covering. Baby fish: Baby fish hatch from the eggs. The baby fish grow into adult fish. Adult fish: Adult fish have bodies covered with shiny scales, and they swim using their fins. They breathe using their gills.
26
twenty-six
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13 Mark the false sentences with a cross. Young frogs grow from tadpoles.
✗ Frogs take care of their babies. Frogs can breathe through their skin. Tadpoles breathe through gills. Frogs can breathe through lungs.
✗ Tadpoles do not have a tail. 14 Draw the missing stages of the life cycle of a frog.
O. A.
O. A.
FROGSPAWN TADPOLE
TADPOLE WITH BACK LEGS
TADPOLE WITH FOUR LEGS
YOUNG FROG
15 Choose one of these animals and write sentences. Use some of these words. oviparous
lungs A
viviparous
hatch B
womb
breathe
egg
incubate
skin C
O. A. twenty-seven 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 27
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Unit
5
1 What are jellyfish like? Unscramble the words and complete the text. tersvtbnaerei
eas
lfaot
3 aesttencl
invertebrates Jellyfish are . They live in the sea
bell
but they are not
fish. They do not have fins.
mouth
They with the float sea currents and use propulsion
tentacles
to move.
4
tentacles They have long that can sting you! Label the parts of the jellyfish. Write bell, tentacles and mouth. 4
2 Read the clues. Complete the crossword about worms.
I
ACROSS 1. The … is a worm that can live inside the human body. 3. Some worms live in the … .
N
6
2
V
U
C
E
3
S
A
N
DOWN
L
R
5
D
2. The bump that is part of the reproductive system is called a … .
I
T
S
E
O
R
4. A worm has no skeleton; it is an … .
1
T
A
P
E
W
5
5. Worms' bodies are not hard, they are … .
E
B
F
G
6. Many worms live … and make tunnels in the soil.
L
R
T
R
L
A
O
U
T
U
M
E
N
M
D
28
twenty-eight
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3 Label the photograph of the snail. A tentacles with eyes B flat foot for moving
E
C head D tentacles for the sense of touch
B
E hard, spiral shell for protection
C
D
A
4 Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences. F Snails are arthropods. Snails are molluscs. T Snails eat plants. T Snails have soft bodies. F Snails have two feet. Snails have one foot. F Snails do not have shells. Snails have a hard, spiral shell. Name a mollusc that does not have a shell. M. A. slug 5 Write sentences about spiders. Use these words. legs
arthropod
spin webs
trap
catch
insect
eat
M. A. Spiders are arthropods. They have eight legs. Most spiders spin webs to trap insects. They eat the insects that they catch in their webs. Name two more arthropods. M. A. centipedes, crabs twenty-nine 401895 _ 0001-0033.indd 29
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5 6 Circle the odd one out. Then, complete each sentence.
9
octopus a. centipede crab spider octopus An
worm is not a mollusc . A
clam scallop worm snail
b.
arthropod is not an .
7 Read and draw the animals. A
B
C
O. A.
O. A.
a mollusc with a shell
a mollusc without a shell
O. A.
an arthropod
8 Match the sentence halves. Use the information to label the diagram of an insect. a.
Insects’ bodies are divided into
b.
The head contains
c.
The thorax contains
d.
The abdomen contains
eye
six legs and four wings. three main parts.
the organs.
the mouth, the eyes and two antennae.
antennae head
wings thorax legs
30
abdomen
thirty
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9 Complete the life cycle of a butterfly. Draw and write. adult
oviparous
cocoon
caterpillar
Butterflies lay eggs. They are oviparous . O. A.
After many changes, it emerges as an
The offspring looks like a worm. It is called a
adult butterfly.
caterpillar .
O. A.
It covers itself in a cocoon . Write the names of four other insects. M. A. ants
cockroaches
beetles
mosquitoes thirty-one
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5 10 How is honey made? Match the photographs to the sentences. 1
2
3
4
11
12
5
6
13 4 After two to three weeks, the nectar is transformed into liquid honey. 2 The bees take the nectar to the beehive. 5 Other bees cover the honey with wax to preserve it. 1 The bee collects nectar from the flower.
6 A beekeeper collects the honey and wax. 3 Each bee puts the nectar in honeycomb cells.
32
thirty-two
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11 Complete the diagram. Use these words. provide food sting
eat our clothes
pollinate plants
eat our clothes
eat dead plants
make honey and silk
damage crops
HARMFUL
sting
damage crops transmit diseases
provide food
USEFUL
INSECTS
transmit diseases
eat dead plants
make honey and silk
pollinate plants
12 Colour the animals that can harm people. Tick the invertebrates.
✓
colour
✓
✓ colour
colour
13 Draw and label a sketch of your favourite insect. Write two sentences about your insect. O. A. O. A.
thirty-three
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6
Unit
1 Look at the classroom. Use the key to colour the machines.
3
Key yellow
carry things yellow communicate
red red
exert force
green
blue
travel
4
2 Write the use of each machine. Use these words. exerting force
a.
carrying heavy objects
communicating
Shopping trolleys are used for carrying heavy objects
b. Electric screwdrivers are used for exerting force
travelling
.
.
5 c.
Motorbikes are used for travelling
d. Computers are used for communicating
34
.
.
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3 Circle the odd one out. Then, write sentences using the circled words. a.
helicopter train boat telephone
b.
saw trolley cart wheelbarrow
c.
hammer bicycle drill screwdriver
d.
telephone computer television cart A telephone
is used for communicating
.
A saw is used for exerting force
.
A bicycle is used for travelling
.
A cart is used for carrying heavy objects
.
4 These machines help us. What energy do they use? Complete the chart. Human energy
dishwasher
Electricity
broom
dishwasher
duster
vacuum cleaner
mop
washing machine washing machine
broom
duster
mop
vacuum cleaner
5 Choose two of the machines from Activity 4 and write sentences. M. A. A dishwasher uses electricity
.
mop A
uses human energy
.
duster A
uses human energy
.
Name another machine that you use at home. Write the energy source. M. A. A television uses electricity. thirty-five 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 35
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6 6 Use the key to colour the machines.
orange
green
8
Key
human force
red
combustible fuel
wind
electricity blue
red
9
7 Look at the photographs. Match the machines to the descriptions and write the energy source. A
Athletes use this to train before a race. It needs to be plugged in. The energy source is electricity
In this sport you travel over water on a board, holding a sail. You have no motor.
B
The energy source is wind C
.
10
In this sport you use a machine to catch fish. The energy source is human force
.
In this sport, drivers want to reach the finish line first.
D
The energy source is combustible fuel
36
.
.
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8 Write S (simple) or C (compound) next to each machine. S S
red S C
C C
S 9 Which is the most modern lawnmower? Circle. A
B
10 Draw one simple machine and one compound machine that we use when we study.
O. A.
O. A.
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6
14
11 Match the pictures to the simple machines and to their use. A
lever
To move heavy objects from a lower to a higher place.
ramp
To lift heavy objects with a bar.
pulley
To move things from one place to another.
B
C
15
D
wheel
To lift heavy objects with a wheel and a rope.
12 Write the simple machines. a. A rope wrapped around a wheel. pulley b. A solid disk that turns on an axle. wheel c. A bar that rests on a pivot point. lever d. An inclined plane. ramp 13 Which simple machine could you use in each situation? a. You need to collect water in a bucket from a well. pulley b. A horse needs to get into a horse box. ramp
38
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14 Circle the compound machines. Compare the pictures. A
B
3 There are
1 compound machines in A and compound machines in B.
15 Complete the sentences. Use these words. electric circuits
electronic circuits
motors
gears
B can be electric or gas. They produce movement. Motors A Gears are wheels with teeth that produce movement. D are electric circuits with very small parts called microchips. Electronic circuits C have switches and wires. They help electricity flow through Electric circuits a machine. Look at the photographs of compound machines. Match them to the sentences above. A
B
C
D
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Unit
7
1 Label the picture of planet Earth. Then, write the words next to the definitions.
3 continent
atmosphere
river
island atmosphere
lake river continent
lake
island
a. Land surrounded by water. island b. A large area of land. continent c. The layer of air that surrounds the Earth. atmosphere
4
d. Water flowing from the mountains to the sea. river e. An area of water surrounded by land. lake Is most of the Earth covered with land or with water? water 2 Complete the text about the Sun. Use the words. closer
life
star
star The Sun is the only
5 heat
light
live
in the Solar System. The Sun is like other stars
in the sky, but looks bigger because it is closer
to Earth.
The Sun gives the Earth and . heat light Without the Sun, the Solar System would be dark and cold. life There would be no on Earth because live plants and animals need sunlight to
40
and grow.
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3 Write the words under the correct photograph. light
star
light areas
dark areas Sun
planet
seas
crater
water
heat
air
Moon
Earth
light
light areas
seas
star
seas
water
heat
dark areas
planet
crater
air
4 Write Sun, Moon or Earth. a. This star gives us the light and heat we need to live. Sun b. This planet is surrounded by the atmosphere. Earth c. The seas on this satellite do not contain any water. Moon 5 Solve these riddles about the Moon. The light regions on a photograph of the Moon. They are high areas. a. high regions
You could not breathe on the Moon because there is none of this. b. air
These were formed when asteroids or comets hit the Moon’s surface. d. craters
On Earth they contain water, and on the Moon they do not. c. seas
The Moon does not have any light, but it looks bright because it reflects light from this star. e. Sun forty-one
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7 6 Use the key to colour the Earth. Then, complete the sentence.
night
10 North Pole
day
black
It is dark. It is night. I am North at the
Pole.
yellow
South Pole
7 Match the sentences to the correct word. a.
The Earth takes 24 hours to turn all the way round.
b.
The Earth orbits the Sun.
c.
One complete orbit of the Sun takes 365 days.
d.
It causes the four seasons.
e.
The Earth spins on its tilted axis.
f.
It causes day and night.
11 ROTATION
12 REVOLUTION
8 Label the diagrams. Write revolution or rotation. A
B
revolution
rotation
9 Read the text about Earth revolution. Circle the correct words. Earth revolution causes the four seasons. The Sun’s rays reach the Earth at an angle because the Earth rotates on a level / tilted axis. In winter the angle is bigger, which means there is more / less heat. In summer the rays reach Earth more directly. This means there is more / less heat.
42
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10 Label the Moon phases. full moon
full moon
new moon
waning moon
waxing moon
waning moon
waxing moon
new moon
Why does the Moon seem to change shape? M. A. The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright. However, we cannot always see all of the bright side. 11 Write T (true) or F (false). T A lunar month has 28 days.
F Each Moon phase lasts two weeks.
F The Earth orbits the Moon.
T The half of the Moon facing the Sun appears bright.
12 Draw your house in the centre. Then, follow the instructions and draw. Draw your school to the north. Draw a supermarket to the east. Draw a lake to the south. Draw a park to the west.
O. A.
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7 13 What do we use artificial satellites for? Look at the pictures and write. A
B
15
C
For telecommunications.
To create maps and globes.
For information about
the weather.
14 Label the Earth globe. Then, use the words to complete the sentences. North Pole
South Pole
Equator
Northern Hemisphere
16
Southern Hemisphere North Pole
Northern Hemisphere
Equator
Southern Hemisphere South Pole
Equator An Earth globe is the most accurate way to represent planet Earth. The Northern divides the Earth into two halves: the Southern and the
Hemisphere . The point on Earth that
North is farthest North is the
Pole
South that is farthest South is the
44
Hemisphere and the point
. Pole
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15 Classify the continents and oceans. Indian America Atlantic Europe Pacific Asia Africa Oceania Antarctic Arctic Antarctica Continents
Oceans
America
Indian
Europe
Atlantic
Asia
Pacific
Africa
Antarctic
Oceania
Arctic
Antarctica
16 Label the three continents and three oceans that are missing on the map.
ARCTIC OCEAN
EUROPE
ASIA
A TLANTIC
AMERICA PACIFIC OCEAN
OCEAN
PACIFIC OCEAN
AFRICA
INDIAN OCEAN
OCEANIA
N W
E
S
ANTARCTIC OCEAN ANTARCTICA
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Unit
8
1 Write the state of the water under the photographs. A
3
B
solid
C
gas
liquid
2 Match the words to the sentences. Then, complete the diagram. melting
freezing
evaporation
condensation
a. When ice is heated and turns into liquid water. melting b. When liquid water heats up and turns into water vapour. evaporation c. When liquid water cools and turns into ice. freezing d. When water vapour cools and turns into liquid water. condensation
melting
ICE
46
evaporation
LIQUID WATER
freezing
4
WATER VAPOUR
condensation
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3 Match the photographs to the descriptions. Then, write the change of state that is taking place. A
Wet clothes drying in the sun.
evaporation
When rain turns into ice.
freezing
When snow turns into water.
melting
When the bathroom mirror gets misty.
condensation
B
C
D
4 Write the different uses of water in the picture. M. A. A man is using water to have a shower. The dog is using water for drinking. The woman is using water to water the plants. Water is being used to water the crops on the farm. The plants and crops need water to live. Water is being used in the factory. The man is using the water in the river for fishing. forty-seven 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 47
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8 5 Complete the table about salt water and fresh water.
8
Salt water Where is it found?
seas and oceans
Fresh water rivers, streams, lakes
How much salt does it contain?
a lot
very little
What is it used for?
industrial uses
for drinking
Do we drink it?
no
yes
Is it treated at desalination plants?
yes
no
6 Match the sentence halves. Then, write the complete sentences. a.
Fresh water is found in
very expensive.
b.
There is very little salt in
the seas and the oceans.
c.
Most of the water on Earth is in
fresh water.
d.
Salt is eliminated from
salt water at desalination plants.
e.
Desalted water is
rivers and lakes.
9
Fresh water is found in rivers and lakes. There is very little salt in fresh water. Most of the water on Earth is in the seas and the oceans. Salt is eliminated from salt water at desalination plants. Desalted water is very expensive.
7 How can we save water? Write three ways. M. A. Have a shower instead of a bath. Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. Only use the washing machine when you have a full load.
48
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8 Complete the sentences. aquifers
snow
sand
groundwater
fresh
wells
rocks
rain
There is lots of water on the surface of the Earth. There is also water beneath the surface. fresh This is called . Groundwater comes groundwater from snow
and . The water rain
goes through the soil and down to the empty spaces rocks between
sand and
below.
aquifers . Here it collects and forms large deposits called People extract the water by building . wells 9 Look at the pictures. Use the words to describe what happens to the landscape in winter and in spring. Winter
Spring
In winter , temperatures are low in
In spring ,temperatures are warmer.
mountain regions. Water becomes ice
The snow and ice melt and turn into liquid
and snow. Large pieces of ice called
water again. Trees and plants grow. There
icebergs float in the ocean.
are flowers.
Where are the coldest areas on Earth? North Pole
South Pole forty-nine
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8 10 Put the sentences in order to describe how clouds are formed.
12
1 Water from the oceans, lakes and rivers heats up.
condensation
4 Water vapour cools down and condenses. 5 Condensed water turns into tiny water droplets. 3 Water vapour rises into the cold atmosphere. 2 Water evaporates to form water vapour.
water vapour
6 Water droplets form clouds which move with the wind. Label the diagram. Write evaporation, water vapour and condensation.
evaporation
11 Complete the text. Use the words to complete the crossword. When rain falls on the land, it forms streams . They flow into r ivers , which flow into the s eas
and
o ceans . Sometimes rainwater and snow sink deep into the ground and form a quifers . Water in w ells and s prings O
comes from these. C
E
A
N
S
N
G
Q U S
P
R
I
S
E
F
T
A
E
R
S
R
I
V
E
R
S
A
S
M W
50
E
L
L
S
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12 Read the sentences. Use the information to draw and label the water cycle. 1. The sun heats up the water in rivers, lakes and seas. It evaporates. 2. The warm air cools. The water vapour condenses into tiny water droplets. 3. The water droplets form clouds. The wind moves the clouds over the land. 4. Water from clouds falls as rain, hail or snow. It falls into the rivers and goes into the seas and oceans. 5. Some rain is collected in the ground as groundwater and forms aquifers.
O. A.
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9
Unit 1
4
Use the key to colour the chart showing the composition of air. green 100 Key = oxygen % of each gas
= nitrogen
orange
= carbon dioxide (and other gases)
blue 0
Gases in air
2 Complete the sentences about the gases in air. Nitrogen a. is the most abundant gas in air. Oxygen b. is the second most abundant gas in air. Carbon dioxide c. is a very small part of air. 3 What is air used for? Write the numbers on the picture. 1 hearing
2 burning
3 flying
4 photosynthesis
5 breathing
5
2 3
3
5
6
1 4 2
52
4
5 3
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4 Compare the pictures. Circle the correct description. A
B
Air has / doesn’t have its own shape or volume.
Air has / doesn’t have weight.
Air has no colour or smell. It cannot be seen; it is . invisible 5 Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences. F The atmosphere is the layer of gases inside the Earth. T We could not breathe in the upper part of the atmosphere. T Rain and wind are produced in the lower part of the atmosphere. F The upper part of the atmosphere contains a lot of oxygen. The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. The upper part of the atmosphere contains very little oxygen. 6 Where in the atmosphere would you see these things? Write upper part or lower part.
upper part
lower part
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9 7 Match the sentence halves about weather. a. Weather is
10 temperature, precipitation and wind.
b. Weather refers to different things, such as c. When temperatures are low,
the weather is hot.
the weather is cold.
d. When temperatures are high,
the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time.
11 8 Look at the photographs and complete the sentences. A
B
This is snow
.
Water falls as frozen snowflakes
C
This is hail
.
Water falls as small .
The temperature
pieces of ice
.
.
Water falls as liquid .
The temperature
is cold
This is rain
.
The temperature
is cold
.
is hot or cold
.
9 Complete the definitions for these types of wind. Use these words. light
strong
extremely strong
cold
mild
cold
strong cold a. A gale is a wind. The temperature is . extremely strong cold or mild b. A hurricane is an wind. The temperature is . c. A breeze is a light wind. The temperature is . cold or mild
54
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10 Describe the climate where you live. Then, tick the correct answer. a. In summer O. A. b. In winter O. A. The climate is mountain
, coastal
.
, continental
O. A.
11 Help the weather presenters on TV. Read the text and draw the symbols. sunny B
A
cloudy C
And now the weather for today. In the south, it will be very sunny. In the north it will be cloudy with light winds. In the east, it will be sunny at first. Then it will become cloudy. In the west, there is rain that will get heavier as the day progresses.
windy D
rain E
hail F
What a cold day it is today! In the north, it is very cold and we predict snow in the mountains. In the south, it is cloudy. In the east, it is windy and very wet. There may be gales, so stay inside! In the west, it is cold and there will be hail storms.
BC
F
F
AB CD
D A
snow
E A
A B
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9 12 Read the descriptions and colour the leaves.
14
brown or orange
green
a deciduous tree in summer
a deciduous tree in autumn
15
13 Read the descriptions. Write the season. a. It is the mildest season. It often rains but it is warm. The countryside changes colour as pretty flowers and green grass start to grow. At the beginning of the season, the days and nights are the same length. At the end, the days spring are longer and the nights are shorter.
b. It is mild at the beginning but then gets colder. The countryside is pretty because the leaves change colour. At the beginning of the season, the days and nights autumn are the same length. At the end, the nights are longer. c. It is the coldest season and there is sometimes snow. At the beginning of the season, the days are shorter and the nights are longer. winter
16 d. It is the hottest season. It doesn’t rain very much and the countryside gets dry. At the beginning of the season, the days are longer and the nights are shorter. At the end, days and nights are the same length. summer You are in the Northern Hemisphere. Write the season next to the date it starts.
56
21st December winter
21st March spring
21st June summer
21st September autumn
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14 Complete the chart for your region. Spring Temperature
O. A.
Precipitation
O. A.
Summer
Autumn
Winter
15 Circle the correct answers. Then, label the photographs. a. It measures temperature.
anemometer / thermometer
b. It measures wind speed.
thermometer / anemometer
c. It indicates wind direction.
weather vane / pluviometer
d. It measures precipitation.
pluviometer / weather vane
pluviometer
thermometer
anemometer
weather vane
16 There is no water in the pluviometer. The thermometer shows a very high temperature. The anemometer is not moving. Which season is it? Explain. It is summer. It is dry. It is very hot and there is no wind. Write your own description. Your partner guesses the season. O. A. fifty-seven 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 57
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Unit
10
1 Look at the landscape. Write the features.
3
Dibujo a línea de un paisaje. No colorear. Hay una montaña,river un río, una planicie mountain aluvial. Un páramo, y un valle. Dejar espacio para que los alumnos puedan dibujar un pueblo, un embalse/un pantano, una colina y una carretera.
lake
valley
Draw and label a village and a road. O. A.
4
2 Draw the climbers at the foot of the mountain. Summit
Slopes
Foot
O. A.
The highest part of the
The steep sides between
The lowest part of the
mountain.
the summit and the foot of
mountain.
the mountain.
Write the correct definitions under the photographs. The lowest part of the mountain. The steep sides between the summit and the foot of the mountain. The highest part of the mountain.
58
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3 Look at the landscape. Tick the features you can see.
moor
✓ flood plain
✓ farm
✓ river
road
✓ village ✓ crops
valley
mountain
✓ small hill
4 Find six features that change landscapes in the wordsearch. Label the photographs.
House
M otorway
K
C
T
U
N
N
E
L
U
H
O
U
S
E
C
E
F
R
W
X
C
Y
F
Z
M
O
T
O
R
W
A
Y
B
R
I
D
G
E
R
X
J
C
R
O
P
S
M
M
T unnel
Bridge
C rops
F arm
Are these features man-made or natural? man-made features
Are mountains and rivers man-made or natural features? natural features fifty-nine
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10 5 Label the picture of a coastal landscape. gulf
cliffs
cape
bay
archipelago
7 island
isthmus bay
gulf
peninsula
island
peninsula
cape
archipelago
isthmus
8
cliffs
6 Match the words to the photographs. A
cliffs coastal plains low land
9
high land B
flat rocky sand
60
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7 Match the coastal landscape features to the definitions. peninsula
archipelago
bay
island
gulf
isthmus
cape
a. A group of islands. archipelago bay b. A small gulf. gulf c. A large area of sea that bites into the land. cape d. A large piece of land that sticks out into the sea. peninsula e. A narrow piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. isthmus f. A strip of land that connects the mainland to a peninsula. g. An area of land completely surrounded by water. island 8 Use information from Activity 7 to write about what you can see in these coastal landscapes. A
B
C
In A , there is an island and a bay. In B , there is an archipelago. In C , there is a peninsula and an isthmus. 9 Where do you go on holiday? Draw and describe the landscape. Is it inland or coastal? What features are there? Why is it popular with tourists? O. A. O. A.
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10 10 Use the diagram of the course of a river to complete the crossword.
12
1
L
6 2
1
S
E
upper course 5
5
R
middle course 4
lower course
4
A
3
K
6
E
S
M
O
U
T
H
R E
R
V
O
I
O
B
U
U
R
T
C
A
E
R
R
Y
3 2
Write upper course, middle course and lower course on the diagram.
11 Write upper course, middle course or lower course.
13
a. Here the river is wide and flows slowly. It is near the mouth of the river. lower course b. This is near the source where the river is narrow. The river flows through the mountains. It flows very fast. upper course c. Here the river flows through the plains. It has a lot of water and flows slowly. middle course
62
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12 Match the words to the photographs. Then, answer the questions. lake A
reservoir
river banks
B
C
a. Name two plants or trees found on river banks. M. A. poplar trees and reeds b. Why is there a large variety of plants on river banks? The soil is very fertile. c. What are dams for? To stop the flow of river water to create reservoirs. d. Are reservoirs natural or man-made lakes? man-made lakes e. What kind of water is found in a reservoir? fresh water f. Name one use of water from a reservoir. M. A. drinking water g. Is water in lakes still or flowing? Water in lakes is still. h. What is a small lake called? A small lake is called a pond. 13 Look at the photograph. Write about the features you can see in the landscape. M. A. In the picture I can see a beach, a bay, mountains and the sea. There are lots of houses and buildings on the coast. There is a lot of vegetation. sixty-three 401895 _ 0034-0063.indd 63
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Unit
11
1 Look at the picture. Write about the characteristics of villages.
3
M. A.
Houses: The houses are low and only have one or two floors. Main square: The important buildings, for example the church, are there. Streets: They are short and narrow. They lead to the main square. Population: There are not many houses so the population is small. Jobs: There are farms so people work in farming. 2 Read the sentences about mountain villages. Circle the correct answers.
4
a. Mountain villages are built on mountain slopes or in valleys / in the suburbs. b. Houses in mountain villages are different from / the same as those on the coast. c. The walls are thin / thick to keep out the cold. d. They have sloping / flat roofs so that the snow falls off.
O. A.
e. The streets in mountain villages are steep and very wide / narrow. Imagine you live in a mountain village. Draw your house.
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3 Imagine you are on holiday in a coastal village. Write a postcard to your best friend, describing the village.
O. A.
4 Draw and label two more sports which are typical of rural tourism.
O. A.
horse riding
O. A.
Which is your favourite sport? Why? O. A. sixty-five 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd
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11 5 Label the professions. Match them to the villages.
7
A
B
fisherman
farmer
Use these words to write sentences about the two villages. tourists
fertile
beaches
farms
fishing
flat
Village A is a coastal village. There is high land. Fishing is important in this village, and many people who live here are fishermen. Tourists visit this village.
8
Village B is a village on the plains. The land is flat and fertile, and there are farms. There are lots of houses and a castle. Tourists visit this village too. 6 Circle the correct words about housing estates. Housing estates are usually inside / outside village centres. They are groups of houses that look very similar / different.
66
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7 Read the text. Use the information to draw your own city. The buildings in cities are very tall. Many of them have ten floors or more. As well as flats, the buildings contain offices, shops and banks. The streets are very long and wide, with lots of traffic. Many people travel around using public transport, including taxis and buses. There are lots of cars on the roads. The population of cities is very large, so there are a lot of services, such as universities, schools, hospitals, museums and sports centres.
O. A.
8 Write the advantages and disadvantages of living in a city. Advantages Lots of services
Disadvantages Lots of noise
Lots of jobs
Lots of pollution
Lots of things to do and see
Lots of traffic
Good public transport
Not much space
More schools and hospitals
Very busy sixty-seven
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11 9 Match the parts of the city to the picture. Then, circle the correct words. historic centre
modern district
12
suburbs
a. The historic centre has narrow / wide streets and the buildings are modern / historic. b. The modern district has wide / narrow streets and the buildings are low / tall. c. The suburbs contain shopping centres and industrial estates / churches and cathedrals. 10 Which part of the city do you go to? historic centre a. You want to visit a cathedral. modern district b. You want to visit your friend who lives in a flat in a tall building. c. You want to go to a shopping centre. suburbs 11 Look at the pictures. Write village or city. A
village
68
B
C
city
city
D
village
E
city
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12 Read and draw the missing symbols on the map. Write the square references. I study at St. Mary’s University. It is in the historic part of town, opposite the cathedral. I go with my brother. We get there by bus.
I play basketball in the sports centre. My Dad takes me by car. It is in the city centre, next to the modern art museum.
I work in the hospital. It is on Kings Road, next to the big supermarket. I go to work by car and park in the hospital car park.
Every evening, we go to visit my grandad in hospital. There is never any space in the hospital car park, so our Mum parks in the car park on Cambridge Street, opposite the theatre.
The university is in
The sports centre is in
The hospital is in
The car park is in
B-2 square .
F-1 square .
F-2 square .
F-5 square .
B
D
E
ET
5
C
cathedral hospital A
A
car park B museum
ROAD INGS
K
sports centre C
CAMBRIDGE STREET
HIGH
4
ET
E STR
STREET
D
RK MA
3
F
K PAR
REET
2
CH ST CHUR
1
C
D ROA
A
supermarket theatre
B university D
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Unit
12
1 Match the types of crops to the definitions. Write examples in the chart. a.
Crop farmers grow plants to be transformed into other products in factories.
Food crops
b.
Industrial crops
Crop farmers grow plants for food.
Food crops M. A.
3
Industrial crops
vegetables
sugar beets
cereals
cotton
fruit
wheat
2 Match the sentence halves about cultivation. Then, label the pictures A – E. a. The farmer ploughs
the plants with pesticides.
b. The farmer waters
the seeds.
c.
The farmer sows
d. The farmer sprays
the crops when they are ripe.
the fields to turn the soil.
e. The farmer harvests
4
the soil and fertilises it.
B
A
5 C
D
E
What is organic farming? Farms that do not use any chemical products.
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3 Look at the photographs. Write dry crops or irrigation. Match them to the definitions. A
The method of growing crops in dry areas. They do not need a lot of water.
irrigation B
Watering plants with water from rivers or lakes, using irrigation channels or sprinklers. dry crops 4 Classify the crops. grapevines grapevines
vegetables wheat
wheat
barley
rice
oats
corn
vegetables
DRY FARMING barley
oats
fruit
rice IRRIGATION
corn
fruit
5 How do tractors and greenhouses make work easier for farmers? Write sentences. M. A. a.
Tractors help farmers save time and energy.
They are used for many things, including adding fertiliser.
b.
Farmers grow crops in greenhouses. Greenhouses allow farmers to
control the amount of water, temperature and light. seventy-one
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12
8
6 Match the photographs to the livestock. Then, write examples of products they provide for us. A
poultry
meat
B
pigs
meat
C
sheep
skins
meat
D
cattle
eggs
9
skins
meat, milk
skins
Name three jobs that stockbreeders use machines for. feeding their animals, milking their animals, cleaning barns and pens 7 Look at the photographs. Write I (intensive farming) or F (free-range farming). I
F
I
F
F
I
10
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8 Write coastal fishing, deep-sea fishing or fish farm. coastal fishing a. Fishermen fish near the coast. b. Boats have refrigerators to keep fish fresh. deep-sea fishing fish farm c. Areas near the coast where fish farmers breed shellfish. deep-sea fishing d. Fishermen fish a long way from the coast. coastal fishing e. Fishermen use small fishing boats and nets. deep-sea fishing f. Fishermen use big boats and modern machines. 9 Label the photographs underground mining and open mining. Use the words to complete the texts. holes
A
surface
quarries
Miners extract minerals from . quarries holes These are large, open on the land. The minerals are near surface the
of the Earth.
open mining
tunnels
B
lifts
minerals
Miners work in underground mines when minerals
are deep beneath
tunnels the Earth. They dig deep below the surface of the Earth and use lifts
underground mining
to go up and down.
10 Circle four things that miners extract from beneath the ground. gold
wheat
coal
stone
wood
silver
silk
cotton
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12 11 Circle the words related to forestry. Then, use these words to complete the sentences. S
T
T
F
O
C
X
L
F
Q
D
P
I
D
N
M
T
Q
A
M
L
U
M
B
E
R
J
A
C
K
U
E
B
V
W O
V
P
T
T
M
H
E
Z
E
U
O
Z
O
C
F
O
R
E
S
T
R
Y
R
I
K
A
R
S
J
R
B
G
Y
X
13
Forestry is obtaining wood and looking after the natural resources in forests. A l umberjack cuts down trees.
is a person who
T imber is wood from trees that have been cut down. It is used in building and making furniture. This wood is transported to a f where is it cut up. actory
14
12 Read the sentences about making jam. Match them to the pictures. A Strawberries are collected from the field. B Lorries transport the strawberries to the factory. C The strawberries are made into jam. D On the assembly line, factory workers check the jam jars. E On the assembly line, the jam jars are put into boxes. F The manufactured product is ready for the shops.
74
15
C
F
A
E
B
D
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13 Match the raw materials to the manufactured products.
14 Which industry produces these products? Write P (primary), C (consumer) or T (technological). a. steel
P
c. jeans
C
e. MP3 players
T
b. cars
C
d. computers
T
f. cement
P
Write one other thing produced by each industry. M. A. Primary fabrics
Technological mobile phones
Consumer shoes 15 Look at the photographs. Read the sentences and circle the correct words.
a. Smoke from factories can contaminate the water / air. b. Lorries transport factory products to parks / markets. c. Waste from factories can contaminate the water / products. d. Industrial estates are usually outside / inside cities. seventy-five 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd 75
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Unit
13
1 Write the jobs. Then, tick the people who work in services.
lumberjack
4
miner
cameraman
✓
✓ police officer
5 builder
teacher
✓
firefighter
✓
2 Write Public or Private. Public a.
services are provided by the government.
Private b.
services are provided by individuals or private companies.
3 Circle the correct answers. a. Chloe is a dentist. She provides a health / transport service. She has three dental surgeries, one in Madrid, one in San Sebastian and one in Barcelona. People pay to go to her clinic. She provides a public / private service. b. Pauline works for the National History Museum in London. It is owned by the government. She provides a private / public service. She organises all the cultural activities related to the museum. She provides a sporting / cultural service. c. Mariano is a receptionist in a hotel in London. He provides a private / public service. He helps the guests check in and makes sure they enjoy their holiday. He works in cultural / tourism services.
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4 Classify the jobs. Then, write one more job for each service. bus driver
museum guide
radio presenter
hotel receptionist
head teacher
Communications services
Cultural services
radio presenter newspaper reporter
museum guide librarian
O. A.
university professor
newspaper reporter
Educational services university professor head teacher
O. A.
pilot
librarian
travel agent
Tourism services
Transport services
hotel receptionist bus driver travel agent
O. A.
pilot
O. A.
O. A.
5 Complete the text about tourism, recreational and health services. Then, use the key to circle the services. sports centre
theme park
restaurant
travel agency
doctor
hotel
sports
My parents booked the holiday on the Internet, on the travel agency
website. We are staying
in a big . I like the Italian hotel in the town. It has great pizzas. restaurant There are lots of sports
activities
organised for families and their children at the . I love sports centre swimming. At the theme park there is a big pool with slides as well as lots of rollercoasters. There is also a doctor in case anyone has an accident! Key
Tourism
Recreational and sports
Health seventy-seven
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13 6 These people work in trade. Match the words to the definitions. wholesalers
producers
consumers
8
retailers
traders
a. buy products. Consumers b. make products. Producers c. are intermediaries between producers and consumers. Traders Wholesalers d. are traders who buy large quantities of a product from producers and sell them to retailers. e. are traders who buy products from wholesalers and sell them Retailers to consumers. 7 How does yoghurt get from the producer to the consumer? Look at the pictures and put the sentences in order.
9 3
2 1 5
4
4 The yoghurt is taken from the factory to the wholesaler by lorry. 1 Farmers get milk from the cows.
10
3 The milk is made into yoghurt in the factory. 5 Smaller amounts of yoghurt are taken from the wholesaler to the retailers: supermarkets, small shops and markets. 2 The milk is transported by lorry to the yoghurt factory.
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8 Sally’s new bike is broken. Her father tells her about consumer rights. Unscramble and write. a. product
of
good
be
and
safe
must
quality
The
The product must be safe and of good quality b. The
must
price
be
.
fair
The price must be fair
.
9 Complete the sentences. a. Wholesalers sell products to R E T A I L E R S . b. Cash or cards are forms of P A Y M E N T . c. We buy things in shops or on the I N T E R N E T . d. We can use C R E D I T C A R D S to pay for things in shops and on the Internet, and to take money out of the bank. e. B A N K
N O T E S are paper money.
f. We take money out at a C A S H
P O I N T S .
Use the colour key to find the mystery word. E L E C T R O N I C C O M M E R C E is shopping on the Internet. 10 What are some of the advantages of shopping on the Internet? M. A. It allows people to shop from home, so people who do not have much time or cannot walk well can shop easily. You can also compare prices easily. You can buy things from other countries. seventy-nine 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd
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13 11 Read, circle the correct answers, then draw.
13
14
a. Eddy lives on the island. He goes to school by bicycle. This is public / private transport. b. Michael lives on the mainland. He goes to school by bus. This is public / private transport. c. How can people and products reach the island? Draw two possible means of transport on the picture. M. A. drawings of an aeroplane and a boat 12 Complete the texts about means of transport. roads
a.
traffic lights
Lorries are private
motorways
private
means of transport.
They travel on , which are very motorways traffic wide . Motorways have no roads b.
public
flight paths
lights .
15
airports
airports Aeroplanes take off and land from . They travel along flight usually public c.
tracks
public
. They are paths
16
means of transport.
stations
Trains and underground trains are public
means
of transport. They travel on railway tracks
and
leave from and arrive at railway . stations
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13 Match the sentence halves. a.
Personal communication sends information
b.
The media sends information
to many people at the same time. to one person or a few people.
14 Draw two means of communication in each screen.
Personal communication
The media
O. A.
O. A.
15 What means of communication do you use every day? O. A. 16 Put the sentences about communications satellites in order. Telephones, radios and television use communications satellites to send and receive sound and images. 2 The sounds and image signals are captured by communications satellites. 4 People watch the football match on television in England. 1 The cameramen film the football match in Spain.
3 The communications satellites send these signals to England. eighty-one 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd
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Unit
14
3
1 Look at the pictures. Write which municipal services can solve each problem. A
Some of the lights in my street are broken.
Street lighting services can solve this problem.
The rubbish has not been collected for a week.
B
4
Rubbish collection services can solve this problem.
We have been waiting in the hospital for 3 hours because there are not enough doctors.
C
Health services can solve this
5
problem.
2 Which services need to improve where you live? We need to improve O. A. because
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3 Make sentences about town councils. Write the sentences. a. The mayor
make decisions in
b. The local council
is the head of
c. The mayor and the councillors
is made up of
the mayor and the councillors. the local council. the town hall.
The mayor is the head of the local council.
The local council is made up of the mayor and the councillors.
The mayor and the councillors make decisions in the town hall.
4 Complete the text about local elections. mayor
elect
four
election manifesto
candidates
vote
Citizens local councillors every years. You must be 18 years elect four vote candidates old or over to . The people who want to be elected are called . election They present an
manifesto
which explains what they will do if they
mayor are elected. The new councillors then elect one person to become the . 5 Imagine you want to be elected as mayor. Write two things you will do on your manifesto. Then, draw one of your suggestions.
Manifesto When I am mayor I will:
O. A.
O. A.
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14 6 You are a food hygiene inspector. Circle the problems in the restaurant in picture A. A
8
B
9
Look at picture B. Use these words to write sentences about good food hygiene. clean
personal hygiene
hands
rubbish
safe to eat
M. A. Picture B shows good food hygiene. The kitchen is very clean. There is no rubbish and all the surfaces are clean. The chefs have good personal hygiene. They are washing their hands and wearing gloves and hats. The food looks safe to eat. 7 Write F (fire service) or P (local police) next to their responsibilities.
84
P protect people
F help with floods
P arrest criminals
F put out fires
P keep streets safe
F prevent fires
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8 Match the photographs to the sanitation services. A
water
C
street cleaning B
street lighting
D
parks conservation 9 Which municipal services are responsible for the problems in the pictures? Read, then write. Town planning services regulate the construction industry so that buildings are safe and carefully designed. Highway services are responsible for maintaining and repairing road signs and traffic signals. A
The road sign is broken. Highway services are responsible for the problem.
B
The building is not safe. Town planning services are responsible for the problem.
C
The traffic signals do not work. Highway services are responsible for the problem.
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14 10 Look at the calendar of summer events in a small town. Answer the questions.
11
Summer Events 2011 25th June Swimming pool fun day! Venue: Sports centre Inflatable slides and games in the local swimming pool. For children up to 13 years old.
2nd July Music festival Venue: Main square A concert in the main square with lots of local bands and a famous, surprise music group.
16th July Book signing Venue: Public library Two famous authors are coming to sign their new books in the local library.
30th July Football competition Venue: Sports fields All football lovers can come and play in our tournament! Each team will play 4 matches.
6th August Dinosaur exhibition Venue: Museum Come to look at our collection of dinosaur bones for free at the local museum.
20th August Mini marathon! Venue: All over town! Refreshments will be provided for participants.
a. Classify the events in the calendar. Cultural events
Recreational events
Music festival
Swimming pool fun day
Book signing
Football competition
Dinosaur exhibition
Mini marathon
12
b. Which is your favourite event? Why? O. A. c. What other activities do you like to do in the summer? O. A.
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11 Which cultural and recreational activities does your town hall organise? Which do you go to? Draw and describe. Think about museums, concerts, festivals, sports centres and libraries. O. A. O. A.
12 You are the Mayor. Make a decision for your town. Every year there is a music concert in the town square. Famous musicians and singers come to entertain the people. This year, the people who live in the town square complain they cannot sleep. The town square, the bullring and the football pitch are the only places large enough to hold a concert. a. Will you keep the concert in the town square? O. A. b. How can you make everybody happy? O. A. eighty-seven 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd
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Unit
15
1 Look at the pictures and write past, future or present. A
3
B
C
What happened before now:
What is happening now:
What will happen later:
past
present
future
2 Make your personal history card. How old were you when you did these things? O.A.
PERSONAL HISTORY
I learnt to walk: I learnt to talk:
ME
I went to school:
O. A.
4
I read a book: I lost my first tooth: I met my best friend:
Name:
I went on my favourite holiday:
Date of birth:
Place of birth:
Nationality:
5
Add two more important events.
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3 Look at the photographs. Label the type of historical record. written
pictorial
A
B
written
C
physical
D
pictorial
E
written
physical
F
physical
pictorial
What do historians use historical records for? To find out about the past. 4 Use colours to match the time periods. A WEEK
A DECADE
A CENTURY
A YEAR
A MILLENIUM
10 years
1000 years
12 months
7 days
100 years
5 Complete this personal time line with important events in your life. Draw or write. O. A. I started primary school.
I was born. 2
4
6
8
10
12
Age
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15 6 Match the traditions to the photographs. crafts
9 dance
music
7 Circle the odd word out. FESTIVAL battle decade patron saint religion TRADITION craft song monument costume
8 Choose a festival where you live and complete the webpage.
10
FESTIVAL:
Traditional activities:
Place: Date:
O. A.
Celebration of:
90
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9 Think about where you live. Answer the questions and use the information to design your coat of arms. O. A. What historical monuments are there? What special symbols are there? What special traditions are there? What is the landscape like?
O. A.
10 Look at the historical monuments. Put them in order from the oldest to the most modern. 3
2
1
Why is it important to preserve historical monuments? M. A. It is important to preserve historical monuments so we can find out how people lived in the past. ninety-one 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd 91
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15
13
11 Read about these people. Write thousands of years ago, hundreds of years ago or nowadays. I live in a very big castle made of stone. I travel on horseback and fight important battles. a. hundreds of years ago I live in a flat in the suburbs. I work as a doctor in the centre of town. I go to work by bus.
O. A.
b. nowadays I live in a hut made of branches and animal skins. I hunt animals in the forest, fish in the river and pick wild plants in the forest. I walk everywhere. I cook over an open fire. c. thousands of years ago Now, draw one of the characters. 12 Complete the text about life hundreds of years ago. Use the words. millers cart
common people noblemen
castle
farmers
horses
blacksmiths
noblemen Hundreds of years ago, lived in big castles and common people the lived in small villages. They built their villages next to the castle
14
for protection.
horses They did not ride on . They walked, or travelled cart Blacksmiths by or boat. There were different professions. farmers things out of iron,
92
millers grew crops and
made
made flour.
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13 Look at the town hundreds of years ago and as it is today. Complete the table. A
B
M. A.
Hundreds of years ago
Nowadays
Transport
Horses, carts, by foot
Trains, cars, taxis
Buildings
castle, low houses
tall
Houses
small, one storey
larger, flats
Jobs
farming
jobs in services
Roads
narrow
wide
Monuments
castle, church
castle, church
Population
small
much bigger
14 Is there a museum where you live? What things can you see there? O. A. ninety-three 401895 _ 0064-0093.indd
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Let's do it!
YOU NEED 4 plants (the same species and the same size)
Plant nutrition
A large, plastic bowl with an airtight lid
INSTRUCTIONS
Labels
1 Help your teacher prepare a class experiment.
1
Plant A. Label the plant CONTROL. Leave the plant in the classroom window for 2 weeks, in the light. Water it every day.
Plant B. Label the plant NO WATER. Do not water it. Leave the plant in the window next to Plant A, in the light.
Plant C. Label the plant NO LIGHT. Put the plant in a dark cupboard. Water it every day, but do not bring it out into the light.
Plant D. Label the plant NO AIR. Put the plant inside a bowl and shut the lid tightly. Put it next to Plant A. Water it everyday.
2
3
4 2 Observe the plants for two weeks. Copy the chart in your notebook. Write down what has happened to the plants at the end of each week. PLANT A End Week 1
End Week 2
O. A.
PLANT B End Week 1
End Week 2
5 PLANT C
End Week 1
End Week 2
PLANT D End Week 1
End Week 2
What colour is it? Is it withered? Has it grown? Other observations
Complete the sentence. Plants need sunlight, water and carbon dioxide from air
94
in order to live.
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Term 1 Dancing sounds
YOU NEED
INSTRUCTIONS
1 Stretch the cling film tightly over the big bowl.
A big bowl Clear cling film Tissue paper (different colours if possible) A CD player and a variety of music
2 Make small balls with the tissue paper. Place the balls on the cling film.
3 Put the bowl next to the speaker of the CD player. Play some music.
4 Gradually increase the volume of the music. The paper balls will begin to move.
5 Try different kinds of music. Does your favourite music make the balls move? How loud does the music need to be for the balls to move?
How does it happen? The vibrations from the CD player make the air around it vibrate. When the music is louder, the vibrations are stronger. These vibrations make the cling film on the bowl vibrate. This is why the balls of paper move. Different types of music produce different vibrations. Some music will make the cling film vibrate when the volume is low, and some music will make the cling film vibrate when the volume is loud.
enter through the pinna and travel through Describe how sound waves enter the ear. They the ear canal. The ear drum vibrates and the cochlea receives the sound vibrations.
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Read ! and do Menacing mosquitoes You know that mosquitoes are tiny,
lays up to 250 eggs, which hatch after
irritating insects and that they can bite
two to three days. She needs the protein
you. But did you know that one type of
from human blood to produce her
mosquito, the Anopheles, is responsible
eggs. For this reason, only the female
for more human deaths than any other
mosquito bites people.
living creature? This is because it can carry and transmit malaria, a deadly
However, she doesn’t bite just anybody. She prefers blonde people and children.
disease.
And be careful! She navigates by
Anopheles mosquitoes live near water,
following odours, so she is more likely
usually in hot, humid climates. They
to bite you if you are eating a banana
breed very quickly. The female mosquito
or doing exercise!
1 Write T (true) or F (false). F Mosquitoes are molluscs.
F Mosquitoes do not lay many eggs.
T Mosquitoes can carry diseases.
F All mosquitoes bite people.
T Mosquitoes are oviparous.
T Mosquitoes are more likely to bite people with strong odours.
1
2 Label the parts of the mosquito. Write the letter.
C
D
E head A abdomen
B E
D antenna B wing C thorax
A 96
F
2
F legs
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Term 1 Dolphin therapy Dolphins are very social creatures. They
Research has shown that dolphin
are also very intelligent and can be
therapy can increase a patient’s
trained easily. They are sometimes used
attention span up to four times and
to help people who suffer from certain
make them more aware of their
mental and physical conditions. This is
surrounding environment.
called dolphin therapy.
There are many dolphin programmes all
A therapist and a dolphin trainer
over the world. What a fun way to help
work together with the dolphin and
people feel better!
the patient to improve many different things, including language, movement, self-confidence and the ability to relax. Dolphins like affection. They do not mind if people cannot walk or talk. The happiness that patients feel when swimming with dolphins helps them to be more positive about themselves.
1 Answer the questions. a. Why are dolphins used for therapy? Because they are very intelligent and they can be trained easily. b. What kind of conditions may be helped by dolphin therapy? Mental and physical. c. What are the benefits of dolphin therapy? It increases a patient's attention span, it improves language, movement, self-confidence and the ability to relax. d. Where can patients go for dolphin therapy? All over the world.
2 Find out more about dolphin therapy on the Internet. Make a poster. Include pictures and explain the advantages of this therapy.
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Let's do it!
Make your own weather station
Clowns
Pluviometer 1
Match the body parts to the clown. YOU NEED
An empty plastic bottle A ruler A marker pen Scissors Tape Stones
INSTRUCTIONS
1 Cut the top third off a plastic bottle. Put some stones in the bottom of the bottle.
2 Turn the top part upside down and place it inside the bottom part.
Draw two clowns moving.
2 3 Mark a scale on some tape and stick
it to the bottle. Mark centimetres using the ruler.
4 Place your pluviometer outside and away from trees. Secure it so that it doesn’t blow over in the wind.
5 At the same time every day, measure how much rain is collected. Empty the bottle after measuring.
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Anemometer YOU NEED 4 small plastic or paper cups 4 plastic drinking straws Tape A drawing pin A pencil with a rubber at the end INSTRUCTIONS
1 Form a cross shape with the straws and tape them together.
2 Staple the side of a cup to the end of each straw. The open ends of the cups must face the same direction.
1
3 Push a pin through the centre of the straws and into the rubber on the pencil.
4 Put a mark on one of the cups so that you can count how many times the anemometer rotates. The more times it spins per minute, the faster the wind.
5 Check it spins easily by blowing on the cups.
6 At the same time every day, count how many times the anemometer spins in two minutes.
2
3
ninety-eight
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Term 2 Make a machine
1 Look at this incredible machine. Use the key to circle each type of simple machine. lever
ramp
wheel
What do you think it is used for? O. A.
2 Design a new machine made up of simple machines. Think about the parts, the materials and what your machine is used for.
3 Give your machine a name. Label the parts and the materials. Then, try and make your machine! Use paper, cardboard, glue and plastic.
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Read ! and do Water power
Clowns
Have you ever visited a reservoir and
hydroelectric power
seen a hydroelectric power station?
stations can produce
lot of electricity very Match the body parts to the aclown.
1 It is a spectacular sight to see water
falling from a great height over a huge
cheaply and they do
dam. The water is not only beautiful,
not pollute the
but useful: it helps produce electricity
atmosphere. There are
for industry and our homes. The force of
other advantages as
the falling water drives machines called
well. Look at the photo of the Hoover
turbines. These turbines drive motors
Dam, Colorado. It is such an impressive
that produce electricity.
sight that it is a big tourist attraction.
Dams are expensive to build, however water
People come from all over the country to
power has many advantages: water is free because reservoirs fill up with rainwater;
see this beautiful place and to practise various water sports on the reservoir.
1 Put the process of electricity production in order. 3 turbines drive motors 2 water drives turbines 1 water falls 4 electricity is produced
1
Draw two clowns moving.
2 2 Answer the questions.
a. What are the advantages of hydroelectric power? Hydroelectric power can produce
2
a lot of electricity very cheaply and it does not pollute.
b. Where does the water come from? The water comes from reservoirs that have
filled up with rainwater.
3
c. What other ways do you know of producing electricity? O. A.
4
3 Did you know that beavers also make dams? Why do you think they do this? M. A. For protection against predators and to store food.
5
100
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Term 2 Out of this world Nowadays, many people book holidays,
Perhaps one day there will be lots of
hotels and flights on the Internet. But
hotels in space and people will go on
did you know that you can book a
space holidays with their families.
journey into outer space? And you don’t
Imagine, maybe one day your school trip
have to be an astronaut!
will be to the Moon!
There are now several companies offering trips in spaceships for tourists. These trips will take people into space as tourists, not scientists. Just imagine what space travel can offer! Tourists will see the Earth as a beautiful blue sphere and maybe even put on a special space suit and float for a few minutes outside the spaceship. They will experience life thousands of miles away from Earth.
1 Does your family book any holidays on the Internet? Where to? O. A.
2 Why do astronauts go into space? M. A. To do research so we can find out more about the Universe.
3 Do you think tourist spaceships will be different from astronaut spaceships? M. A. Tourist spaceships won’t contain scientific tools and machines.
4 What would you like to do on a space holiday? O. A.
5 Design a space holiday. Make a poster. Include information about your spaceship, spacesuit, the hotel, what you will take with you and what you will do. a hundred and one 401895 _ 0094-0112.indd
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Let's do it!
YOU NEED
Make a futuristic city
Clowns
1
Paper
Tape
Cardboard
Glue
Paints
Match the body parts to the clown.
1
2 2
3
Draw two clowns moving.
4
5
6
INSTRUCTIONS
1 Discuss with your classmates what you think your town will be like in 400 years’ time.
2 In groups, design a futuristic city. Think about the buildings, the jobs, the means of transport, etc. Draw your futuristic city on a poster.
3 Choose a part of the city to make. Use cardboard, paper, tape, glue and any other materials available.
4 Put your models together to make a class futuristic city.
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a hundred and two
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Term 3 Write using Egyptian hieroglyphs
YOU NEED Paper
Clay
Pencil
Ink pad
Modelling tool Did you know that the Ancient Egyptians had a writing system over 5,000 years ago? The Ancient Egyptian alphabet has over 700 signs, called hieroglyphs. Each hieroglyph is a small picture that represents letters or sounds. We can
Hieroglyphs are read from top to bottom, left to right or right to left, depending on the direction the people or animals are facing. For example, if an animal hieroglyph faces right, you read from
learn a lot about the life of Ancient
right to left.
Egyptians from writings that have
Why don’t you have a go at writing your
survived.
name using our Top Science hieroglyphs?
INSTRUCTIONS
1 Look at the hieroglyphs below and use them to write your name. 2 Roll out some clay. Copy each hieroglyph onto the clay using the modelling tool. 3 Cut out each of the hieroglyphs from the clay. 4 Use the hieroglyph stamps to stamp your name on a piece of paper with ink. You can use different colours for each one.
5 Practise stamping your name from top to bottom, left to right and right to left. 6 Swap stamps with your classmates and see what other words you can write in hieroglyphs.
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Read ! and do Pushing back the sea: reclaimed land
Clowns
The Earth’s population is increasing, and
owned. Some of the land will be used
we are running out of space. One way to
for housing, some for shops and hotels,
some as transportation islands Match the body parts to the and clown.
1 solve this problem is by building high-
rise flats and skyscrapers. Another way
where you will be able catch a boat to
is to reclaim land from the sea.
mainland Dubai.
Land reclamation is the creation of
However, the climate on The World
new land from the sea for building or
islands does not reflect the climate of
agriculture. Two thousand years ago the
the real world. You will not find any
Dutch began to extend the Netherlands by
polar bears at the North Pole in Dubai!
reclaiming land from the sea. Now, about 27 percent of the Netherlands is below sea level. The sea water is held back by huge walls called dikes. Another spectacular example of land reclamation is The World in Dubai, which is a group of approximately 300 man-
1
made islands that form the shape of a
Draw two clowns moving.
2 world map. The islands are all privately 1 Circle the correct answer.
a. The world population is getting bigger / smaller.
2
b. Reclaimed land is land that used to be below the sea / land that people have to buy. c. About one quarter / a half of the Netherlands is below sea level nowadays. d. The islands in The World belong to Dubai / private people.
2 Imagine you can buy an island in The World. Which island do you want to buy? Explain.
3
Think of the size, the name, and what you want to build on it. O. A.
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Term 3 Can you read an egg? Have you ever noticed that there is
around much or go outside. However,
a code on every egg that you buy in
eggs from battery hens are cheaper.
the supermarket? Do you know what the
So next time you see an egg in the
numbers and letters mean? With
supermarket, look to see where it comes
this code, we can find out exactly
from. You might be surprised!
where the egg came from, and even the type of farming used to produce it! Have a look at the diagram to find out more. Organic or free-range eggs have codes starting with 0 or 1. Free range eggs come from hens that enjoy sunlight, air
1st digit Method of farming: 0 Organic 1 Free-range 2 Barn 3 Cage or battery
and space to move around in. Cage or battery hens are kept in very cramped conditions in barns. They cannot move
0UK12345
Last digits Farm of origin: Region Town Individual farm code
2nd and 3rd digits Country of origin: UK – United Kingdom ES – Spain, etc.
1 Name the method of farming and country of origin of an egg with these codes. a. 0FR23765 France Organic b. 2ES98263 Spain Barn United Kingdom Free-range c. 1UK12654
2 Write the first three digits of the codes for the following eggs. OPO a. An egg from an organic farm in Portugal. b. An egg from a battery hen in Italy. 3IT c. An egg from a barn hen in Albania. 2AL
3 Copy and complete the table with advantages and disadvantages of each farming method. M. A.
Free-range farming
Intensive farming
Advantages
Animals are happier.
It is cheaper.
Disadvantages
It is expensive.
Poor conditions for animals.
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s Project and games
Make a Top Science log book You are going to make a log book that you can add to at the end of each unit of the Student’s Book.
At the start of the school year: Design the front cover. Draw a picture on a sheet of A4 paper. Write the title: TOP SCIENCE LOG BOOK.
At the end of each unit: Read through the unit and think about what you have learnt. Choose the two facts or ideas that you found most interesting or surprising. Draw a picture of each one on a sheet of A4 paper. Make them bright, colourful and scientific! Write two sentences about each fact or idea underneath the pictures. On the other side of the paper, write four questions related to the unit. Write the answers underneath. Staple your log pages together as you complete them.
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a hundred and six
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s Project and games
Science quiz and class wall display After every unit, make four question cards. Write the four questions from your Top Science log book on small pieces of card. On the back of each question card, write the answer. Use your question cards to play this Science quiz after each unit.
Quiz rules Divide the class into two teams: Team A and Team B. Change teams for each unit.
Your teacher sets a time limit. When the time is up, the team with the highest score wins.
Team members put their question cards together, making sure none are repeated.
The winning team designs the page for that unit for the class wall display. They copy the page on a large sheet of paper. Display it on the wall.
A member of Team A asks Team B one of their questions. Team B discusses the answer. Each team then takes it in turn to ask the other team a question. Every team member should ask at least one question during the game. Scoring:
At the end of the year, all 15 units will have a page displayed on the classroom wall. Keep your question cards for the board game on the next page.
Correct answer = 1 point Incorrect answer = 0 points
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FINISH
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9
81
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84
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8
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41
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36
3
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25
2
20
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1
1
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5
START
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91
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90
75
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73
72
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66
67
68
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70
55
54
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51
46
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50
35
34
33
32
31
26
27
28
29
30
15
14
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12
11
6
7
8
9
10
Instructions for the game are on the next page.
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s Project and games
Play the Top Science board game Preparation Make a counter for each player. Get into groups of 4. Divide all the question cards from the Science quiz between your group.
100
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1
2
3
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5
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9
10
The objective of the game To be the first player to reach the end, square 100.
Play the game Place the question cards in a pile next to the board. Each player starts on square 1. The first player to roll a six starts the game. Take turns to roll the dice, moving your counter the number of squares shown on the dice. When you land on the top or bottom of an animal or object, pick up a card and answer the question. If you land on the BOTTOM of an animal or object and you answer the question correctly, move your counter up the animal or object to the top. For example, if you land on square 9 and answer the question correctly, move up the telescope to square 30. If you answer incorrectly, stay where you were. If you land on the TOP of an animal or object and you answer the question correctly, stay where you are. If you answer incorrectly, slide your counter down to the bottom of the animal or object. The first player to reach square 100 is the winner.
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Top Science 3 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Enric Juan Redal and Vicki Caballero. Writer: Sheila Robbie Science consultant: Almudena Sánchez García Managing editor: Sheila Tourle Editor: Jane Holt Proofreading: Julie Davies and Sheila Klaiber Art director: José Crespo Design coordinator: Rosa Marín Design Team: Interiors design: Jorge Gómez Tobar Cover design: Pep Carrió Cover illustration: Javier Vázquez Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda Design development: José Luis García and Raúl de Andrés Technical director: Ángel García Encinar Technical coordinator: Marisa Valbuena Layout: Alfonso García, Hilario Simón Artwork coordinator: Carlos Aguilera Illustrations: Ala de mosca, José Santos and José Zazo Photographic selection: Amparo Rodríguez Photographs:
A. Guerra; A. Jimeno; A. M. Laría; A. Real; A. Toril; A. Viñas; B. Cobeta; C. Díez Polanco; F. M. Guillén; F. Ontañón; GARCÍA-PELAYO/Juancho; I. Rovira; J. C. Muñoz; J. Escandell.com; J. Jaime; J. Lucas; J. M. Gil-Carles; J. Rosselló; J. V. Resino; Krauel; L. M. Iglesias; M. Blanco; M.ª D. Gonzalo; Michele di Piccione; P. Esgueva; Prats i Camps; S. Enríquez; S. Padura; X. S. Lobato; A. G. E. FOTOSTOCK/Morales, SPL, Science Photo Library, Oscar García Bayerri, Barbara Strnadova, Roger Wilmshurst, Pedro Salaverría, B.&C. Alexander, Kelvin Aitken, Geoffrey Carr, ARCO/D. Usher, Tommy Kelly, R. Linke; CENTRAL STOCK; COMSTOCK; CONTIFOTO/UPPA; DIGITALVISION; EFE/Manuel H. de León; EFE/AP PHOTO/NASA/EIT; EFE/SIPA-PRESS/Dirk Heinrich; GETTY IMAGES SALES SPAIN/Photos.com Plus; HIGHRES PRESS STOCK/AbleStock.com; I. PREYSLER; ISTOCKPHOTO; J. M.ª Barres; JOHN FOXX IMAGES; LOBO PRODUCCIONES/C. Sanz; NASA/F. Espenak, NASA’s GSFC; PAISAJES ESPAÑOLES; PHOTODISC; STOCK PHOTOS; STOCKBYTE; A. García; ESA/AGENCIA ESPACIAL EUROPEA/J. Huart; MATTON-BILD; SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the copyright holders. Any infraction of the rights mentioned would be considered a violation of the intellectual property (Article 270 of the Penal Code). If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, contact CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, www.cedro.org)
© 2011 by Santillana Educación, S. L. / Richmond Publishing Torrelaguna, 60. 28043 Madrid Richmond Publishing is an imprint of Santillana Educación, S. L.
Richmond Publishing 58 St Aldates Oxford OX1 ST United Kingdom
PRINTED IN SPAIN
ISBN 978-84-680-0068-8 CP 289803 D.L.
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