TUGAS TEKNIK TENAGA LISTRIK I Nama : Christy Nanlohy NIM : 0730015000!
"os#n $#m%im%in&: $#m%im%in&: Ir' Isha( Kasim) MT
*+r+san T#(ni( $#rtam%an&an ,a(+ltas T#(nolo&i K#%+mian -an En#r&i Uni.#rsitas Trisa(ti 01/
0
KATA KATA $ENGANTAR $ENGANTAR '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''ii "A,TAR "A,TAR ISI '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ii A I : SUMER LISTRIK'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' LISTRIK''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '1
1.1.PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK........................ LISTRIK...................................................... .............................. ........1 ........ 1 1.2 SISTEM DISTRIBUSI TENAGA LISTRIK.................................. 2 A II : TEGANGAN LISTRIK .....................................................................3 .....................................................................3 '1 TEGANGAN LISTRIK ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''1 1
2.2 PERSAMAAN TEGANGAN .................................................... ......................................................19 ..19 2.3 SUMBER – SUMBER TEGANGAN ..........................................20 '2 $ENGUKURAN TEGANGAN'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' TEGANGAN''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''7 7
LISTRIK................................................................................. .......................................... 27 A III ARUS LISTRIK....................................... 3.1 ARUS LISTRIK ........................................................................... ........................................................................... 30 3.2 ARAH ARUS ............................................................................... ............................................................................... 30 3.3 $ENEA ARUS LISTRIK'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' LISTRIK'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2 '''''''''''''''''''''2 A I4 : TAANAN LISTRIK 666666666666666665 2'1 TAANAN TAANAN LISTRIK'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' LISTRIK'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''' 2' *EMATAN EATST8NE''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
1
KATA PENGANTAR
Dengan mengua! "a#a #$u%u" %e!a&a Tu'an Tu'an (ang (ang Ma'a E#a ) #e'*ngga %am* &a!a+ men$e,e#a*%an men$e,e#a*%an ma%a,a' *n* +e!a+ !a&a -a%+un$a. -a%+un$a. Pen$u#unan ma%a,a' $ang e"/u&u, Te%n*% Te%n*% Tenaga Tenaga L*#+"*% *n* &*,a%u%an un+u% memenu'* +uga# $ang &*e"*%an ,e' D#en Penga/a" Ma+a Ku,*a' Te%n*% Te%n*% Tenaga Tenaga L*#+"*%.
Se,a*n *+u /uga ma%a,' *n* e"+u/uan un+u% men*ng%a+%an !enge+a'uan ma'a#*#-a me,a,u* u#a'a memua+ "ang%uman Te%n*% Te%n*% Tenaga Tenaga L*#+"*%. Ma%a,a' Ma%a,a ' *n* &*#u#un a+a# an+uan D#en Penga/a" Ma+a Ku,*a' Ku,*a ' Te%n*% Te%n*% Tenaga Tenaga L*#+"*%) #e"+a +eman+eman &an !a&a a%'*"n$a !en$u#unan ma%a,a' *n* &a!a+ &*#e,e#a*%an. Un+u% *+u %am* ua!%an +e"*ma %a#*' %e!a&a #emua !*'a% $ang +e,a' meman+u &em* +e"#e,e#a*%ann$a ma%a,a' *n*.
Da,am !enu,*#an ma%a,a' *n* %am* men$a&a"* ma#*' +e"&a!a+ an$a% %e%u"angan) ,e' %a"ena *+u #a"an &an %"*+*% $ang e"#*4a+ memangun &a"* e"aga* !*'a% #anga+ %am* 'a"a!%an un+u% mem!e"a*%* mem!e"a*%* ma%a,a' *n*.
5a%a"+a) 7 Se!+eme" 2016 H"ma+ %am*)
Pen$u#un
2
A I SUMER LISTRIK
1'1 $#m%an&(it Listri( Peman Pemang%* g%*++ ,*#+"*% ,*#+"*% a&a,a' a&a,a' #ua+u #ua+u a,a+ $ang $ang &a!a+ &a!a+ meman memang%* g%*+%a +%an n &an mem! mem!" "&u &u%#* %#* +ega +egang ngan an ,*#+" ,*#+"*% *% &eng &engan an a"a a"a meng mengu ua' a' #ua+u #ua+u ene" ene"g* g* +e"+en+u men/a&* ene"g* ,*#+"*% #e,a*n *+u) !emang%*+ ,*#+"*% *#a &*#eu+ /uga &engan #emua me#*n $ang mengua' +enaga ge"a%) a'a$a &an m*n$a% um* a+au en&a %*m*a ,a*nn$a men/a&* +enaga ,*#+"*%. Bee"a! Bee"a!aa n+' n+' /en*# /en*# !eman !emang%* g%*++ +enaga +enaga ,*#+"*% ,*#+"*% $a*+u $a*+u PLT PLTA) PLT PLTU) PLTG) PLTG) PLTN) PLTN) PLTS) PLTS) &an ,a*nn$a. Bag*an u+ama &a"* !emang%*+ ,*#+"*% *n* a&a,a' gene"a+") $a%n* me#*n e"!u+a" $ang mengua' ene"g* me%an*# men/a&* ene"g* ,*#+"*% &engan mengguna%an !"*n#*! me&an magne+ &an !eng'an+a" ,*#+"*%. Me#*n gene"a+" *n* &*a%+*4%an &engan mengguna%an e"aga* #ume" ene"g* $ang #anga+ eman4aa+ &a,am #ua+u !emang%*+ ,*#+"*%. 1. $LTA Pem Peman ang% g%*+ *+ ,*#+ ,*#+"*% "*% +ena +enaga ga a*" a*" PL PLTA8 a&a, a&a,a' a' !ema !emang ng%* %*++ $ang $ang meng engan& an&a,%a a,%an n
ene" ene"g* g*
!+e !+en n#*a, #*a,
&an &an
%*ne+ *ne+*% *%
&a"* a"*
a*" a*"
un+u un+u% %
meng'a meng'a#*, #*,%an %an ene"g ene"g** ,*#+"* ,*#+"*%. %. Ene"g Ene"g** ,*#+"*% ,*#+"*% $ang $ang &*ang &*ang%*+ %*+%an %an *n* *a#a&*#eu+ #eaga* '*&"e,e%+"*%. Ben+u% u+ama &a"* !emang%*+ ,*#+"*% /en*# *n* a&a,a' gene"a+" $ang &*'uung%an %e +u"*n $ang &*ge &*ge"a "a%% %%an an ,e' ,e' +ena +enaga ga %*ne %*ne+* +*% % &a"* &a"* a*" a*". Nam Namun) un) #ea #ea"a "a ,ua# ,ua#)) !emang%*+ ,*#+"*% +enaga a*" a *" +*&a% 'an$a +e"a+a# !a&a a*" &a"* #eua' # eua' -a&u% a+au a*" +e"/un) me,a*n%an /uga me,*!u+* !emang%*+ ,*#+"*% $ang menggu mengguna% na%an an +enaga +enaga a*" &a,am &a,am en+u% en+u% ,a*n ,a*n #e!e"+* #e!e"+* +enaga +enaga ma%. ma%. H*&"e,e%+"* H*&"e,e%+"*#*+a# #*+a# a&a,a' #ume" #ume" ene"g* ene"g* +e"a'a"u*. +e"a'a"u*. n+'n$a n+'n$a PLT PLTA BAKARU BAKARU Su,a-e#* Su,a-e#* #e,a+an) #e,a+an) PLT PLTA #*gu"agu"a #*gu"agu"a Suma+e"a Suma+e"a U+a"a &an PLTA Sagu,*ng 5a-a Ba"a+ &an ,a*n,a*n. 2. $LTU
3
Pa&a PLTU) ua! &*+am!ung &an &*#a,u"%an un+u% memu+a"%an +u"*n ua!. ua!. Ene" Ene"g* g* me%a me%an* n*#& #&a"* a"* !u+a" !u+a"an an +u" +u"*n *n &*u &*ua' a' men/ men/a& a&** ene" ene"g* g* ,*#+"*% ,e' gene"a+". n+'n$a PLTU Sema"ang 5a-a Tenga' &an PLTU Su"a,a$a *,egn an+en. 3. $LTN 9$#m%an&(it Listri( T#na&a N+(lir Pemang%*+ ,*#+"*% *n* mengguna%an ene"g* !ana# $ang &*'a#*,%an ,e' "ea%+" nu%,*" un+u% memu+a"%an +u"*n ua!. Da"* +u"*n *n*,a' ene"g* me%an*# &*ua' men/a&* ene"g$ ,*#+"*%. n+'n$a PLTN &* 5e!ang &an :BNINKS &* Un* S;*e+. <. $LT 9$#m%an&(it Listri( T#na&a at+%ara Pemang%*+ ,*#+"*% *n* mengguna%an a'an a%a" 4#*, e"u!a a+ua"a $ang &*a%a" un+u% men&*&*%an a*" aga" meng'a#*,%an ua!. Ua! $ang &*'a#*,%an &*guna%an un+u% mengge"a%an +u"*n ua! a+au +u"*n ga# %emu&*an &*ua' men/a&* ene"g* ,*#+"*%. n+'n$a PLTB PLTB Bu%*+ A#am Suma+e"a U+a"a. =. $#m%an&(it Listri( T#na&a S+rya 9$LTS Pemang%*+ ,*#+"*% *n* mengguna%an a'a$a ma+a'a"* #eaga* ene"g* u+ama. Ene"g* &a"* a'a$a ma+a'a"* &a!a+ ,ang#ung &*ua' men/a&* ene"g* ,*#+"*% ,e' %n;en+e" gene"a+" &an &*#*m!a &*&a,am a+e"a*. 6. $#m%an&(it Listri( T#na&a An&in Hemu#an ang*n &*guna%an un+u% meu+a"%an a,*nga,*ng %emu&*an !u+a"an +e"#eu+ &*guna%an un+u% memu+a"%an memu+a"%an gene"a+". Da"* gene"a+" *n*,a' ene"g* me%an*% &*ua' men/a&* ene"g* ,*#+"*% me,a,u* an+uan #,a"e,, aga" ene"g* ,*#+"*% $ang &*'a#*,%an &a!a+ &*guna%an !e",u &*#*m!an !a&a a+e"a*.
Tenaga Tenaga ,*#+"*% $ang *a#a &*'a#*,%an ,e' !emang%*+ ,*#+"*% *a#an$a &*ang%*+%an &a,am a"u# ,a% a,*% $ang e"a,*% a"a' #ean$a% =0 a+au 60 %a,* !e" &e+*%. Sa+uan un+u% mengu%u" &a$a ,*#+"*% a&a,a' -a++. Tenaga Tenaga $ang *a#a &*'a#*,%an ,e' !emang%*+ ,*#+"*% a&a,a' #ee#a" #a+u %*,-a++ 1000 -a++8 a+au #a+u mega-a+ #e/u+a -a++8.
4
1' Sist#m "istri%+si T#na&a Listri( Sist#m "istri%+si me"u!a me"u!a%an %an ag*an ag*an &a"* sist#m t#na&a listri( . Sist#m Sist#m -istri%+s -istri%+sii *n* e"gu e"guna na un+u% un+u% men$a, men$a,u"% u"%an an +enaga +enaga ,*#+"*% ,*#+"*% &a"* &a"*
#ume" #ume" &a$a &a$a ,*#+"*% ,*#+"*% e#a" e#a" Bu,% Bu,% P-e" P-e" Su"e8 Su"e8 #am!a* #am!a* %e %n#um %n#umen) en) #e!e"+* 5a&*
&*/e,a#%an 4ung#*
!a&a distribusi
a"+*%e,
#ee,umn$a
tenaga
listrik
&*
#*n*.
a& a &a,a'>
18 !em emag*a ag*an n a+au a+au !en$ !en$a, a,u" u"an an t#na&a ee"a "a!a !a +em! +em!a+ a+ t#na&a listri( listri( %e ee !e,anggan 28 me"u me"u!a !a%a %an n #u #u sist#m e"'uungan sist#m t#na&a t#na&a listri( listri( $ang ,ang#ung e"'uungan &engan &engan !e,anggan) !e,anggan) %a"ena ;at+ -aya !a&a !u#a+!u#a+ ean !e,anggan8 &*,a$an* ,ang#ung me,a,u* /a"*ngan &*#+"*u#*.. 1.1.1 $#n&#lom
*arin&an
"istri%+si
T#na&a
Listri(
5
1''1
Klasi=i(asi Sal+ran "istri%+si T#na&a Listri(
Sea"a umum) sal+ran t#na&a Listri( a+au a+au sal+ran -istri%+si &a!a+ &*%,a#*4*%a#*%an #eaga* e"*%u+> 1' Menurut nilai tegangannya tegangannya>> a. Sal+ran -istri%+si $rim#r) Te",e+a% Te",e+a% !a&a #*#* !"*me" tra=o -istri%+si) $a*+u an+a"a +*+*% Se%un&e" tra=o s+%station Gar-+ In-+( 8 &engan +*+*% !"*me" tra=o -istri%+si. Sa,u"an *n* e" t#&an&an t#&an&an m#n#n&ah 0 (4. *arin&an listri( 70 (4 a+au 150 (4) /*%a ,ang#ung
me,a$an* !e,anggan) *#a &*#eu+ /a"*ngan &*#+"*u#*. . Sal+ran "istri%+si S#(+n-#r ) Te",e+a% Te",e+a% !a&a #*#* #e%un&e" +"a4 &*#+"*u#*) $a*+u an+a"a +*+*% #e%un&e" &engan +*+*% aang menu/u ean L*'a+ Gama" 228 ' Menurut bentuk tegangannya tegangannya>> a. Saluran Distribusi DC (Direct Current) mengguna%an Current) mengguna%an #*#+em +egangan #ea"a'. . Saluran Distribusi AC (Alternating Current) mengguna%an Current) mengguna%an #*#+em +egangan ,a%a,*%. 3' Menurut jenis/tipe konduktornya> konduktornya > a. Sal+ran +-ara) &*!a#ang !a&a u&a"a +e"u%a &engan an+uan !en$angga +*ang8 &an !e",eng%a!ann$a) !e",eng%a!ann$a) &an &*e&a%an a+a#> Sal+ran (a>at +-ara) *,a (on-+(torn$a +e,an/ang) +an!a *#,a#* !emung%u#. Sal+ran (a%#l +-ara ) *,a %n&u%+"n$a +e"ung%u# *#,a#*. . Sal+ran a>ah Tanah ) &*!a#ang &* &a,am +ana') &engan mengguna%an %ae, +ana' g"un& a,e8. . Sal+ran a>ah La+t) &*!a#ang &* &a#a" ,au+ &engan mengguna%an (a%#l la+t #uma"*ne a,e8 2' Menurut susunan (konfigurasi) salurannya> salurannya >
a. Sa,u"an Kn4*gu"a#* '"*?n+a,) *,a #a,u"an =asa +e"'a&a! =asa $ang ,a*n@+e"'a&a! ne+"a,) a+au #a,u"an
. Sa,u"an Kn4*gu"a#* e"+*%a,) e"+*%a,) *,a #a,u"an#a,u"an +e"#eu+
6
memen+u% ga"*# ;e"+*%a, . Sa,u"an %n4*gu"a#* De,+a) *,a %e&u&u%an #a,u"an #a+u #ama ,a*n memen+u% #ua+u #eg*+*ga &e,+a8.
5. Menuru Menurutt Susuna Susunan n Rang Rangkai kaiann annya ya Da"* u"a*an &*a+a# +e,a' &*#*nggung a'-a sist#m -istri%+si &* e&a%an men/a&* &ua $a*+u sist#m -istri%+si
a. *arin&an Sist#m "istri%+si $rim#r ) Sist#m -istri%+si
&a!a+ mengguna%an sal+ran +-ara) (a%#l +-ara) mau!un (a%#l tanah #e#ua* &engan +*ng%a+ %ean&a,an $ang &**ng*n%an &an %n&*#*
#e"+a #*+ua#* ,*ng%ungan. Sal+ran -istri%+si *n* &*"en+ang%an #e!an/ang &ae"a' $ang a%an &* s+
7
*arin&an "istri%+si Ra-ial) &engan m&e,> Ra&*a, +*!e !'n) Ra&*a, &engan +*e &an #-*+' !em*#a') Ra&*a, &engan !u#a+ ean &an Ra&*a, &engan !emag*an !'a#e a"ea. *arin&an -istri%+si rin& 9loo< ) &engan m&e,> Ben+u% !en ,! &an en+u% ,#e ,!. *arin&an -istri%+si *arin&@?arin& 9NET *arin&an -istri%+si s
.
*arin&an
Sist#m
S#(+n-#r )
"istri%+si
Sist#m -istri%+si s#(+n-#r &*guna%an un+u% men$a,u"%an +enaga listri(
&a"* &ar-+ -istri%+si %e eanean $ang a&a &* %n#umen. Pa&a sist#m -istri%+si s#(+n-#r en+u% #a,u"an $ang !a,*ng an$a% &*guna%an *a,a'
S*#+em em *n* *n* &a!a &a!a++ meng menggu guna na%a %an n (a%#l $ang $ang e" isolasi sist#m sist#m ra-ial ra-ial. S*#+ isolasi mau! mau!un un (on-+(to S*#+em *n* *a#an$ *a#an$aa &*#eu &*#eu++ #*#+em #*#+em (on-+(torr tan
"en "en&a'
$ang ang
,ang#ung
a%an
&*'uung%an
%e!a&a a&a
%n#umen@!ema%a* +enaga ,*#+"*% &engan me,a,u* !e"a,a+an!e"a,a+an #>
Pa!an
Han+a"an
Sa,u"an "an
!emag* t#&an t#&an&an &an
La$a a$anan
!a&a
r#n-a r#n-ah h
Pe,an ,anggan
tra=o
al+ran #al+ran
SLP8
-istri%+si)
-istri -istri%+ %+si si
%e
s#(+n s#(+n-#r -#r8.
%n#umen@!ema% ema%aa*8
(h h m#t#r m#t#r8 #e"+a =+s# a+au A,a+ ,a+ Pem Pema+ a+a# a# &an &an !eng !engu% u%u" u" &a$ &a$a (
!engaman
!a&a
!e,anggan.
8
gama" 2. Km!nen S*#+em D*#+"*u#*
A II TEGANGAN
'1T#&an&an '1T#&an&an Listri(
a.
Dua ,a ,a $ang e"mua+an e"mua+an !#*+*4 !#*+*4 &an &an e"mua+an e"mua+an nega+*4 nega+*4)) %a"ena %a"ena mua+an mua+an %e&uan$a %e&uan$a #anga+ ,ema' &*mana e&a !+en#*a, an+a"a %e&uan$a men&e%a+* n,) ma%a %e&ua ,a +*&a% +e"/a&* *n+e"a%#*) %e&ua ,a 'an$a 'an$a &*am #a/a.
9
. Dua ua' ,a $ang ma#*ngma#*nge"mua+an !#*+*4) &an nega+*4. Dengan mua+an e"e&a %e&ua ,aa%an #a,*ng +a"*% mena"*%. Un+u%mem*#a'%an %e&ua ,a) &*!e",u%anu#a'a 1. . Ke/a&* Ke/a&*an an &ua ua' ,a ,a e"mua+a e"mua+an n !#*+*4 !#*+*4 &an nega+*4) nega+*4) &*!*#a &*!*#a'%a '%an n /a"a%n$a /a"a%n$a &ua %a,* /a"a% !a&a n+' 8) un+u% *+u &*!e",u%an u#a'a 2 #ee#a" 2.1. &. A&a em!a+ em!a+ ,a) #a+u #a+u ,ae"m ,ae"mua+an ua+an !#*+*4 !#*+*4 &an #a+u ,ae"m ,ae"mua+an ua+an nega+*4 nega+*4)) &ua ,a ,a*nn$a+*&a% e"mua+an. 5*%a &*!*#a'%an #e!e"+* n+' 8) &*!e",u%an u#a'a 2 #ee#a" 2.1.
2.2Persamaan Tegangan Listrik D*mana > C C Tegangan 8 C U#a'a Nm) 5u,e8 ! C " C Mua+an 8 Sa+u ,+ a&a,a' e&a !+en#*a, an+a"a &ua +*+*% /*%a &*!e",u%an u#a'a #a+u /u,e un+u% mem*n&a'%an mua+an mua+an ,*#+"*% #a+u u,m.
2.3 Sumber-Sumber Sumber-Sumber Tegangan Tegangan Sume" +egangan $ang #e"*ng &*!a%a* #e'a"*'a"* #e!e"+* #+! %n+a% PLN 220 2208 8 a&a! a&a!+ +"" 01 012 28) 8) aum aumu, u,a+ a+" " 6 6) 128 128.. Seu Seua' a' a&a! a&a!+ +" " menu menu"u "un% n%an an +ega +egang ngan an A 220 220 &eng &engan an +"an +"an#4 #4"m "ma+ a+" " #+e! #+e!& &-n -n)) %emu&*an +egangan A &*#ea"a'%an &engan &*&a &an 'a#*,n$a ,*#+"*% D &eng &engan an +egan +eganga gan n $ang $ang e" e"e& e&a ae& e&a. a. Seu Seua' a' a&a! a&a!+ +"" men$ men$e&* e&*a% a%an an +egangan D &a"* 3) 6) 9 &an 12. Sea"a ga"*# e#a" a&a ,*ma /en*# #ume" +egangan $ang &*!a%a*.
10
1. Sumber Tegangan Listrik Dengan Prinsip Eektr!magnet Be,*+ e,*+an an
%a-a %a-a++
$ang ang
&*& &*&a,am a,amn$ n$aa
+e"& +e"&a! a!a+ a+ magn magne+ e+ !ema !emane nen) n) magn magne+ e+ &*ge &*ge"a% "a%%a %an n %e,u %e,ua" a" ma#u ma#u%) %) &*u/ &*u/un ung g e,*+an
+*mu,
+ega +e gang ngan an
,*#+ ,* #+"* "*% % .
D*!a%a* !"*n#*! gene"a+" ,*#+"*%.
2. Sumber Tegangan Listrik Dengan Prinsip Eektr!kimia Dua e,e%+"&e a'an !e,a+ +emaga %u+u ) &an !e,a+ #eng #eng %u+u %u+u . D*"en& D*"en&am am &a,am &a,am e,e%+ e,e%+", ",*+ *+ a#am a#am #u,4 #u,4u" u"*% *%.. D*an D*an+a +a"a "a %e&u %e&uaa u/ung %u+u +e"/a&* e&a +egangan. D*!a%a* #eaga* a%umu,a+") a+e"a* %e"*ng.
3. Sumber Tegangan Listrik Dengan Prinsip T"erm!#Eemen Dua Dua
,ga ,gam m e" e"e& e&aa
&*!ana#%a #%an
!a&a
!ana !ana## +*+*%
/en* /en*#n #n$ $a)
#am amungan
,gamn$a. ,gamn$a. D*u/ung ,a*nn$a ,a*nn$a a%an +*mu, +egangan ,*#+"*%.
4. Sumber Tegangan Listrik Dengan Prinsip $!t!#Eemen Ba'a Ba'an n #em* #em*% %n& n&u% u%+ +"" *,a *,a +e"% +e"%en enaa a'a$a) ma%a &*%e&ua +e"m*na, $ang e"e&a
+*mu,
+egangan
,*#+"*%.
D*!a%a* #eaga* #e, #u"$a.
11
5. Sumber Tegangan Listrik Dengan Prinsip Pie%!#&rista Ba'a Ba'an n !*e? !*e? %" %"*# *#+a +a,, $ang ang &*a! &*a!*+ *+ a'a a'an n a,um*n*um. a,um*n*um. P*e? &*e"*%an &*e"*%an +e%anan !a&a u/ung e"e&a +*mu, +egangan ,*#+"*%.
2.4Pengukuran Tegangan Listrik Tegangan Tegangan ,*#+"*% #a+uann$a ,+) ,+) a,a+ u%u" +egangan &*#eu+ ,+me+e". ,+me+e". Ben+u% 4*#* 4*#*% % &an &an #*m #*m, , ,+me ,+me+e +e"" &an &an &*ga &*gau ung ng%a %an n un+u un+u% % e" e"ag aga* a* 4ung 4ung#* #* !engu%u"an ,*#+"*% ,a*nn$a &*#eu+ Mu,+*me+e" gama" e"*%u+. Pengu%u"an Pengu%u"an &engan &engan ,+me+e" ,+me+e" 'a"u 'a"u##
&*!e &*!e"' "'a+ a+*% *%an an))
a!a% a!a%a' a'
,*#+ ,*#+"* "*% % D a+au a+au ,*#+ ,*#+"* "*% % A. D*#am!*ng +egan +eganga gan n
*+u 'a"u 'a"u##
a+a#
u%u"
&*!e &*!e"'a "'a+* +*%a %an) n)
un+u% un+u% mengu% mengu%u" u" +egang +egangan an D 12 'a"u# mengguna%an a+a# u%u" &*a+a#n$a. Pengu%u"an +egangan A 220 ) 'a"u# mengguna%an a+a# u%u" &*a+a#n$a) m*#a,n$a =00 . 5*%a 'a, *n* &*,angga") men$ea%an ;,+me+e" +e"a%a" &an "u#a% #ea"a !e"manen.
12
A III ARUS LISTRIK
3'1 Ar+s Listri( A"u# L*#+"*% me"u!a%an a,*"an e,e%+"ne,e%+"n &a"* a+m %e a+m $ang +e"/a&* !a&a #eua' !eng'an+a" &engan %ee!a+an &a,am -a%+u +e"+en+u. Ge"a%an a+au mua+an ,*#+"*% &*#eu+ #eaga* a"u# ,*#+"*%. Pe"ge"a%an a"u# ,*#+"*% ,*#+"*% 'an$a 'an$a *#a *#a +e"/a&* +e"/a&* !a&a en&a en&a $ang $ang &*#eu &*#eu++ #eaga #eaga** (on-+(tor. 5en*# 5en*# %n&u% %n&u%+" +" a&a e"ane e"ane%a %a "agam "agam #e!e"+* #e!e"+* ,gam) ,gam) ga# &an ,a"u+an ,a"u+an.. Kemu&*an) Kemu&*an) ma#*ngma#* ma#*ngma#*ng ng /en*# %n&u%+" %n&u%+" mem*,*%* mem*,*%* !ema-a !ema-a mua+an mua+an #en&*"* #e!e"+*> •
Lgam) !ema-a mua+ann$a a&a,a' e,e%+"ne,e%+"n.
•
Ga#) !ema-a mua+ann$a a&a,a' *n !#*+*4 &an e,e+"n.
•
La"u+an) !ema-a mua+ann$a a&a,a' *n !#*+*4 &an *n nega+*4.
13
A"u# A"u# ,*#+" ,*#+"*% *% $ang $ang meng menga, a,*" *" +e"#e +e"#eu u++ &a"* &a"* #um #ume" e" a"u# a"u# ,*#+" ,*#+"*% *% +e"#eu+ &a!a+ %*+a e&a%an men/a&* 2 maam $a*+u > a.
A"u# A"u# , ,a% a%a a,* ,*% % A,+e A,+e"n "na+* a+*ng ng u" u""en "en+8 +8 A"u# ,a%a,*% A8 a&a,a' a"u# $ang menga,*" &engan !,a"*+a# $ang e"ua' e"ua' &an
&*mana &*mana ma#*ngma#*ng ma#*ngma#*ng +e"m*na, +e"m*na, !,a"*+a#n$ !,a"*+a#n$aa
e"gan+*an. Pa&a umumn$a a"u# A *n* a&a,a' a"u# $ang &*guna%an &a,am %e'*&u!an #e'a"* 'a"* #e!e"+* a,a+a,a+ e,e%+"n*%a $ang &*!a%a* &*&a,am "uma' %*+a. A"u# ,*#+"*% *n* &*'a#*,%an ,e' !emang%*+ +enaga ,*#+"*% $ang e"nama gene"a+" $ang a&a !a&a !emang%*+ ,*#+"*%.
.
A"u# #ea"a' D*"e+ u""en+8 A"u# #ea"a' D8 me"u!a%an a"u# $ang menga,*" &engan a"a' $ang +e+a! %n#+an8 &engan ma#*ngma#*ng +e"m*na, #e,a,u +e+a! !a&a !,a"*+a#n$a. A"u# *n* *#a +e"/a&* %a"ena e"a#a, &a"* a%umu,a+" A Au8 u8.. A"u# "u#
,*#+" ,*#+"*% *% #ea"a' #ea"a' *n* &a!a+ &a!a+ &*'a#*, &*'a#*,%a %an n &eng &engan an a"a a"a
me"ua' a"u# A men/a&* D mengguna%an !-e" #u!!,$ &engan &*&a #eaga* !en$ea"a' a"u# $ang &a!a+ men$ea"a'%an a"u# ,a% a,*% men/a&* a"u# #ea"a'. 3' Arah Arah Ar+s Ar+s
A"a' a"u# a&a,a' #ea"a' &engan a"a' a,*"an mua+an !#*+*4.
14
a+au) e",a-anan a"a' &engan a"a' a,*"an mua+an nega+*4
15
3.3
Penyebab Arus Listrik
A!a $ang men$ea%an a"u# ,*#+"*% &a!a+ +e"/a&* a a$ang%an /*%a #ean&a*n$a #ean&a*n$a a"u# ,*#+"*% #e!e"+* a*" $ang menga,*" !a&a #eua' !*!a. Ten+u Ten+u #a/a a,*"an +e"#eu+ *#a +e"/a&* %a"ena a&an$a +e%anan &a"* !m!a %e a*". Seaga*mana n+' +e"#eu+) mua+an ,*#+"*% /uga *#a menga,*" !a&a #ua+u "ang%a "ang%a*an *an %a"ena %a"ena &*#ea &*#ea%a %an n ,e' ,e' #ua+u #ua+u #ume" #ume" ene"g$ ene"g$ $ang $ang &*#eu &*#eu++
ga$a) $a*+u &aya &#ra( listri( 9&&l #e'*ngga #e'*ngga +*mu,a' a"u# ,*#+"*%. ,*#+"*%. Ga$a ge"a% ,*#+"*% *n* &a!a+ &*!e",e' &a"* a+e"a*) a%*) #e, ;,+a &an #eaga*n$a. Gg, &*#eu &*#eu++ /uga /uga #ume" #ume" +egang +egangan an $ang $ang men*m men*mu,% u,%an an e&a e&a !+en# !+en#*a, *a, #e'*ngga a"u# ,*#+"*% menga,*" &a,am #ua+u "ang%a*an ,*#+"*%. A"u# "u#
,*#+ ,*#+"* "*% %
&a!a+ a!a+
+e"/ +e"/a& a&**
%a"e %a"ena na mua+ mua+an an !#*+ !#*+*4 *4 $ang $ang e"ge"a%
a+au!un
%a"ena
mua+an nega+*4 $ang e"ge"a%. A"a' A"a' a"u# a"u# ,*#+"*% ,*#+"*% a&a,a' a&a,a' a"a' a,*"an mua+an !#*+*4. !#*+*4. 5*%a 5*%a mua+an mua+an $ang $ang e"ge"a% a&a,a' mua+an nega+*;e) #e!e"+* e,e+"n &a,am ,gam m*#a,n$a) ma%a a"a' a"u# e",a-anan &engan a"a' a,*"an e,e%+"n.
Kuat Arus Listrik Da,am #ua+u #e,ang -a%+u F+ 8) mua+an $ang me,e-a+* !enam!ang A8 a&a,a' F #e'*ngga %ua+ a"u# ,*#+"*% I8 $ang menga,*" &a!a+ &*n$a+a%an #eaga*> F
a&a,a' an$a%n$a mua+an $ang menga,*" un+u% #e,ang -a%+u
F+
$ang
#anga+
%e*,.
Un+u% Un+u% a"a' a"a' #ea"a') #ea"a') /um,a' /um,a' $ang $ang menga, menga,*" *" me,a,u* me,a,u* !enam!ang %a-a+ a+au %n&u%+" a&a,a' %n#+an #e'*ngga &a!a+ &*+u,*#%an
16
&eng &engan an &em* &em*%* %*an an)) #a+u #a+uan an a"u# a"u# ,*#+ ,*#+"*% "*% &a,am &a,am S+an&a" In+e"na#*na, a&a,a' u,m !" #e%n @#8 @#8 $ang $ang ,e* ,e*' ' &*%e &*%ena na,, &eng &engan an am!" am!"ee A8) A8) &*am*, &a"* nama #e"ang 4*#*%a-an Pe"an*# e"nama Andre Marie A#pere A#pere.. Be#a"an %ua+an a"u# , +e"ma#u% e#a"an !%% #e&ang%an mua+an &an -a%+u + a&a,a' e#a"an +u"unan. B*,a ,ua# !enam!ang $ang &*,e-a+* a"u# #ee#a" A) ma%a "a!a+ a"u# 58 &a!a+ &*+u,*#%an me/a&*. Ra!a+ Ra!a+ a"u# a"u# 58 &*&e4*n &*&e4*n*#*% *#*%an an #eaga #eaga** e#a"n$ e#a"n$aa %ua+ a"u# !e" #a+uan ,ua# !enam!ang. Ra!a+ a"u# 5 mem!un$a* #a+uan am!e"e@m2.
A I4
17
TAANAN LISTRIK
2'1 TAANAN TAANAN LISTRIK LISTRIK am%atan am%atan listri( listri( a&a,a' !e"an&*ngan !e"an&*ngan an+a"a tega teganga ngan n is istrik trik &a"*
#ua+u %m!nen e,e%+"n*% m*#a,n$a resist!r 8 &engan aru arus s i istr strik ik $ang me,e me,e-a+ -a+*n$ *n$a. a. Hama Hama+a +an n ,*#+" ,*#+"*% *% $ang $ang mem!u mem!un$ n$a* a* #a+ua #a+uan n '"m &a!a+ &*"umu#%an #eaga* e"*%u+> a+au
<.2 ALAT ALAT UKUR UKUR TAHANAN TAHANAN LISTRIK A,a+ u%u" $ang &*+emu%an ,e' Samue, Hun+e" '"*#+*e !a&a 133 &an men*ng men*ng%a+ %a+ %emu&* %emu&*an an &*!!u &*!!u,e" ,e"%an %an ,e' ,e' S*" 'a",e# 'a",e# 'ea+#+ 'ea+#+ne ne !a&a !a&a +a'un 1<3. In* &*guna%an un+u% mengu%u" #ua+u $ang +*&a% &*%e+a'u* 'am 'ama+a a+an n ,*#+ ,*#+"*% "*% &eng &engan an men$ men$e* e*m man ang% g%an an &ua &ua %a,* %a,* &a"* &a"* "ang% "ang%a*a a*an n /ema+an) #a+u %a%* $ang mena%u! %m!nen &*%e+a'u* %e"/an$a m*"*! &engan a#,*n$a !+en#*me+e". 5ema+an 'ea+#+ne a&a,a' #ua+u !"#e# mene menen+ n+u% u%an an n*,a* n*,a* 'am 'ama+ a+an an ,*#+" ,*#+"*% *% $ang $ang !"e# !"e#*#* *#*@+e @+e!a !a++ meng menggu guna na%a %an n "ang%a*an 5ema+an 'ea+#+ne &an me,a%u%an !e"an&*ngan an+a"a e# a" 'am 'ama+a a+an n $ang $ang +e,a' +e,a' &*%e &*%e+a' +a'u* u* &eng &engan an e#a" e#a" 'am 'ama+a a+an n $ang $ang e,u e,um m &*%e+a'u* $ang +en+un$a &a,am %ea&aan 5ema+an &*#eu+ #e*mang $a*+u Ga,;anme+e" menun/u%%an !a&a ang%a n,.
18
19
DATAR PUSTAKA 1. "ttps())***.s+rib,.+!m),!+)285627363)-akaa"#Sumber#
rus#Listrik 2. "ttps())/embrisma.*!r,press.+!m)s+ien+e)sumber#arus# istrik#,an#energi#istrik) 3. "ttp())a*aimu.b!gsp!t.+!.i,)2015)04)pengertian# pembangkit#istrik#,an#enisna#engkap."tm <. "ttps())/aarin,! "ttps())/aarin,!nusantara.+!m)2013)0 nusantara.+!m)2013)08)07)gar,u# 8)07)gar,u# ,istribusi#istrik) =. "ttp())mastugin! "ttp())mastugin!.b!gsp!t.+!.i,)2 .b!gsp!t.+!.i,)2014)09)sumber 014)09)sumber#energi# #energi# 6. 7. . 9.
istrik."tm "ttp()),unia#istrik.b!gsp!t.+!.i,) "ttp())imuaam.net)pengertian#tegangan#pa,a#istrik."tm "ttp())%!naeektr!.net)tegangan#istrik) "ttp())eprints.ung.a+.i,)4104)7)2013#1#20401#521309007#
bab2#25072013043000.p,/ 10. "ttp())***.t!.!r.i,),!*n!a,e)L-0420rus 20Listrikre.p,/ 11. "ttp())e.upi.e,u)Dir "ttp())e.upi.e,u)Direkt!ri)$P-P ekt!ri)$P-P).PE:D.$ ).PE:D.$S&)1977 S&)1977 01102008011#D;:E$E:D)<-=T: 26SLST&5=>!mpatibiit-!,e5D.p,/
20
