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St. Peter to Benedict XVI
CHAPTER I
THE POPES
How many potatoes have been? 260 potatoes (according to the official list of the Vatican), although it is unknown why John Paul II is known as the 263rd successor of St. Peter. The first was San Pedro Apostle. You can not set the date of his death but what if is safe died in Rome victim of persecutions against Christians ordered by the Emperor Nero. The latter, John Paul II, elected Pope on October 16, 1978. How did he die the first pope? San Pedro, actually called Simon bar Jona, was crucified in 64 AD or 65 AD by the Emperor Nero. Sentenced to die on the cross, St. Peter asked to be crucified upside down as it was considered unworthy die in the same way as Jesus Christ. Where you are buried the apostle Peter? https://tr anslate.googleuser content.com/tr ansl ate_f
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During the pontificate of Ceferino (198-217) confirms the presbyter Gaius St. Peter and Paul died in Rome, the first to the Vatican hill and the second on via Ostiense. Between 1940 and 1949 they were followed different excavations in the basement of the Basilica of San Pedro. He discovered a cemetery him a modest little grave, long before the church Constantine. This tomb is now revered as the tomb of apostle. What Pope did not exist? John XX. For an unknown question the Vatican decided to skip the pope John XX. Pope John XIX was from the April 19, 1024 to October 20, 1032. Pope John XXI was from September 8, 1276 to May 20, 1277. What was the name most used by the popes? John. In total there have been twenty popes who adopted the name of John. He Gregorio name was used sixteen times; Benedict fifteen;
Page 2 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website Clement the fourteen; the Lion and Innocent in thirteen and Pius in twelve. What name was cursed for centuries? John. John VIII (14 December 872 - December 16, 882) was killed on 15 December 882, poisoned and topped with a hammer on the head by members of his own family. John XI (March 931 - December 935) was deposed as pope and bound by the new lord of Rome, again exercise their priestly duties until his death in 935. Also Juan XII (December 16 955-14 964 mayo) was deposed as pope by Otto, king of Rome, Italy, Germany and Burgundy. How many popes have been named saints? 77. The first was San Pedro Apostle and the last St. Pius V (January 7, 1566 - May 1, 1572). What Pope was killed by a husband cheated? John XII (December 16 955-14 964 mayo) Bastard son Octavian, https://tr anslate.googleuser content.com/tr ansl ate_f
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He was years old when he became Pope. his years ofIpontificate, John XII17was devoted to a dissolute life untilDuring the Emperor Otto decided call attention to the need for the highest executive of the Christianity maintained a life consistent with his position. One of the reforms Otto I imposed was that no pope could be elected without the placet imperial. Juan XII knew then that for the first time the Pope would no longer explanations only to God but also a man, Emperor Otto I. A Synod organized by the emperor in Rome decided to depose John XII 4 963. December Retired pontificate, John was walking one afternoon a street in Rome when a man appeared behind him and stabbed him in seven times. He stopped, confessed that he did it because the Pope had raped his young wife of fifteen years. Pope Leo VIII (4 December 963 - March 1 965) successor to John XII forgave the murderer. What Pope was buried, exhumed and put on trial after? Pope Formoso (6 October 891 - April 4, 896) The Pope tried to establish a peace agreement with Guido of Spoleto, but this was all I wanted occupy the territory, including Roma. To the expansionist ambitions of Guido, Formoso Arnulfo sought help from the king of Germany. Guido died in 894 right when the first German troops occupied northern Italy. When Arnulfo was heading to Spoleto to occupy, a disease ended his life. For followers of Guido, Formoso was the main enemy and vowed revenge, a revenge that was never fulfilled. On 4 April the 896 Formoso Pope died in his own bed. Nine months after being buried, the spoletianos exhumed the corpse with Formoso vestieron pontifical vestments and put on trial. Found guilty of high betrayal, they were torn papal garments, cut off fingers He used his right hand to bless and his body thrown into the river Tiber. What pontiff was not on the official list of popes? John XXIII (1410-1415). Cardinal Baldassare Cossa succeeded Pope Alexander V, elected at the Council of Pisa and the Pope Gregorio antipapa
Page 3 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website XII (November 30, 1406 - July 4, 1415). Cossa was a schismatic pope and was deposed at the Council of Constance declared a scandal Juan XXIII. Attendees of the Council justified the dismissal of John XXIII by incest, adultery and murder. Antipope John XXIII had as his lover https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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sister in law. To avoid bishop major scandals, Popewhere Gregory XII and forgave him He appointed cardinal of Tusculum he died. After his death he discovered that the anti-pope John had seduced nearly two hundred women, including nuns, married and widows around. The name of John XXIII was elected by Cardinal Angelo Roncalli to succeed Pope Pius XII on October 25, 1958. What Pope his own speeches Machine was written? Pope Pius XII. It was very fast typing. He even wrote the Drafts of encyclicals. Why the shrine of Our Lady of Loreto is the subject of pilgrimage? In 1965 Pope John XXIII (October 28, 1958 - June 3, 1963) pilgrimage to Loreto to see the "Santa Casa" and that according to tradition is the same in the that Jesus' family lived. According to this feature it was taken to the Loreto year of 1294 during the pontificate of St. Celestine V (5 julio 1294 to 1213 December 1294). What Pope always wore sackcloth under his papal vestments? Pope Paul VI (21st of June 1963-6 agosto 1978). The pope wore a girdle thick bristles under his clothes since he was a priest. After being named Pope Paul VI used the strip of bristles only occasionally important. Have you ever killed a dead Pope? John XII (December 16 955-14 964 mayo) for cuckolded husband. They Rumor has it that John Paul I (August 26, 1978 - September 29, 1978) was poisoned after thirty-three days of pontificate by his intention to order an investigation of the Vatican's finances but was never shown. What Pope named a dish? Benedict XIII (May 29, 1724 - February 21, 1730). He called the must "Eggs Benedict". This Pope was very fond of them. Ingredients for 4 people: 10 eggs. - 6 slices bread. - 3 slices ham English. - 4 egg yolks. - 3 ounces of milk cream. - 250 grams of butter. - 1 lemon. Preparation: Remove the crust of bread and toast slightly. Cut the ham the same size as the toast. In a pot water bath (withdrawal from heat and water without boiling), put 4 egg yolks with cream. Beat until sauce thicken, then add the butter melted and half a lemon, add salt and pepper also. In another pot boil water with vinegar. Poach the eggs for 3 minutes, then put on the toast with ham and cover with sauce. How many Spaniards have chosen potatoes? Three officially four unofficially. Damaso I (October 1 366-11 https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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Page 4 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website December 384) was born in Rome while her parents were Spanish so that historians qualify Damasus Spanish first pope. After him Pedro Martinez de Luna wine or Benedict XIII, also called the "Papa Luna" (28 September 1394-1423). Benedict XIII was born in the city Aragon Illueca and elevated to cardinal in 1375. His name is not on the official list of popes. Calixto III (April 8, 1455 - August 6, 1558) is the third Spanish potato and second recognized in the official list of popes. Alfonso de Borja was born in the Valencian town of Xativa on 31 December 1378. It was he who by order of King Alfonso V, I managed to convince Gil Muñoz, chosen antipapa after the death of Benedict XIII to renounce and accept the Papal power of Pope Martin V. This pope rewarded with Alfonso de Borja appointed bishop of Valencia in 1429. Alfonso de Borja was elected Pope in 1455 when he was 70 years old. The Spanish fourth and third as pope the official list of popes was Alexander VI (August 10, 1492 - August 18, 1503). Rodrigo Borgia was born in Játiva in 1431. Alexander VI was the nephew of Calixto III as his mother was the sister Isabel de Borja pope. It is famous for the number of children he had with different women, Pedro Luis, appointed Duke of Gandia, by King Ferdinand; Jerónima and Isabella, three unknown mothers; Cesar, Juan, Jofre and Vanozza of Lucrecia Catanei; Juan and Rodrigo also unknown mother and being born Pope. Both Pope Alexander VI as his uncle Calixto III are buried Santa Maria de Montserrat, the Church of the Kingdom of Aragon in Rome. In 1889 they erected a tomb in it both pontiffs. What was the only pope who resigned the papacy? St. Celestine V (July 5, 1294 - December 13, 1294). Before doing so He said three days earlier by posting a bull laying use the same procedure for the election of a pope, following the death of the former, in the case of a disclaimer. Three days later He resigned leaving the papacy. Celestine V, now Pedro Angelario Morrone hoped to return to his hermit's life, but the new Pope Boniface VIII (December 24, 1294 - October 12, 1303) stopped him. It dealt with the dignity of a pontiff died on May 19, 1296 in Papal Castel Fumone under surveillance. Ten years after his death was canonized. Does Papa tomb was desecrated? https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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The St. Celestine V. His remains were stolen in 1988 in a church Aquila. The remains were recovered by police a day and a half later on a cemetery of Amatrice, a town not far from Aquila. What Pope was famous for speaking in dreams and have constant nightmares? John XXIII (October 28, 1958 - June 3, 1963). According to his aides, Pope I had nightmares because of the pressures of his office. What professions have held several popes before being elected? Doctors, historians, novelists, poets and even bankers. Professions more widespread among those who were elected after potatoes are those of lawyers or judges.
Page 5 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website What dad was a big fan of motorsport and cars sports? Pius XI (February 6, 1922 - February 10, 1939). During his pontificate command build a special garage for 16 vehicles including three sports. They even has on more than one occasion he was held by Italian police for speeding. What Pope smoked up to two packs a day? Paul VI (21st of June 1963-6 agosto 1978). During his younger years he smoked up to two packs a day. As cardinal lowered its consumption to a daily pack until he was elected Pope. He died smoking ten cigarettes daily. To that pontiff he was called the "warrior pope" or "Terrible"? Julius II (31 October 1503-21 febrero 1513) was famous for his courage and lead his troops into battle. Before the battle armor stood gold and stood in front. After the call conspiracy of the Pazzi, Giuliano della Rovere (Julius) was appointed by Pope negotiator the war between Florence and the States of the Church. He was later named adviser in the war for years had erupted between Naples and Rome. Della Rovere joined the troops of Charles VIII of France their fight against Naples. After the death of Pius III, Giuliano della Rovere was elected pope and consecrated on 26 November. In 1506 he came back on the https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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control of troops to recover the cities of Perugia and Bologna. What Pope has been made up to an intervention on television? Pius XII for a speech that was broadcast RAI, Radiotelevisione Italian. Since then no other pope has been disguised. What Pope had a canary as a pet? Pius XII. The pontiff liked him out of his cage and flew in the Huge Vatican rooms. When the Holy Father raised his arm, canary perched on his head or arm. Pope liked to release it during his meetings with cardinals and see it as hovering over their heads. What was the legacy of Pope John XXIII? His legacy was formed by two objects only. A fountain pen who gave his private physician, Dr. Piero Mazzoni in his bed death for services rendered and a cross that had always hung the Pope and gave the Cardinal Franz Koenig, Archbishop of Vienna. What Pope served a sentence to hard labor before being elected Pontiff for an altercation in a church? Calixto (217-222). Assistant Ceferino previous pope, Calixto was famous for his strictness in the rules of the church. Before being elected Pope Calixto I entered a small church where there were several men who were drunk. The future pope grabbed a stick and started beating them. They were arrested and sentenced to various penalties, including Calixto. Which would years
Page 6 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website then elected pontiff was sentenced to one year of forced labor in the salt mines of Sardinia. What Pope went blind during his pontificate? Clement XII (July 12, 1730 - February 8, 1740). Clemente became blind in 1732 victim of a rare disease. Even the Pope could not be standing too long because he was suffering from gout. What Pope had to go look at a cave to inform you that https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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He had been elected? A Celestino V (July 5, 1294 - December 13, 1294). Nicholas IV died 4 April 1292 spent more than two years without an election of Pope. Pietro Murrone was a hermit who lived in a cave until they came write a letter of protest to the ecclesiastical authorities for it. One month after his cave was surrounded by soldiers. The commanding officer told him to Murrone who had been elected Pope and should escort. Celestino V is He remained on the throne of Peter for less than a year until he resigned. He was replaced by Boniface VIII (December 24, 1294 - October 12, 1303) that He ordered Celestine V lock in a castle. What Pope asked the workers to suspend a strike for a short space of time? Juan XXIII. The pontiff was to celebrate an important Mass in St. Peter and the Vatican needed electricity. Italian workers in the sector They were to strike. The Pope asked his Secretary of State to convene in Vatican leaders of the strike. The five trade unionists presented in the Holy See where the Juan XXIII himself asked them to please suspend the strike for the short time that lasted the ceremony because they needed electricity. The five men accepted and St. Peter's Square that night appeared lit while Rome still dark. What Pope thought resign before being taken prisoner? Pius XII. After the occupation of Rome by the troops of the Third Reich, the Pope decided to sign a document in which he informed his resignation as Pope should be arrested and taken prisoner by the troops German. As to cross the boundary line between the City-State Vatican and Italy, Pius XII became the citizen Eugenio Pacelli, his original name. Pius XII wanted to avoid what happened in the late eighteenth century when French troops took prisoner to Pope Pius VI (February 15, 1775 - August 29, 1799). The document is in the resignation call Secret Archives of the Vatican Library and Archive. What Pope had problems with his tailor when he was elected pope? Juan XXIII. The tailor Vatican has always prepared for the celebration of the Conclave to elect a new pope, three white habits size, small, medium and large. The problem was that Cardinal Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was quite large and big habit had left tight. So tight that even he could not raise his arm to give blessing in St. Peter's Square. One day he is telling the story, self
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Page 7 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website John XXIII once said, "Everyone wanted to be Pope, but the tailor Vatican". What Pope used to turn off the lights when I walked Vatican for their hallways? Pius XII. He went on to say, "I can not afford to squander the funds faithful ". Pius XII was the one who ordered the envelopes for communications Vatican interiors were not sealed, stapled or glued to they could be reused. Pius XII wrote his last will and kept in an envelope that had been used previously. What Pope had set up a table near his room at the And Apostolic Palace at Castelgandolfo? Pius XI (February 6, 1922 - February 10, 1939). Spent much time practicing billiards and playing against the cardinals and members of the Swiss Guard. He All he could win was a young soldier of the Swiss Guard. By course bets were banned but Pope regaled a small crucifix defeated opponent. What the pope was fighting with Latin? Juan XXIII. When I was a child, the little Angelo Roncalli was not very applied in school. His grades were not very bright. Years later Latin It became his first enemy, he said years later as Pope John XXIII. What Pope gave name to an alphabet? St. Cyril. This Pope is owed the creation of the Cyrillic alphabet called. With this planned Christianize the Slavs. What Mont Blanc route named after a pope? Route Ratti, is named after Achille Ratti, the same as the 6 February 1922 became Pope Pius XI. Ratti was very fond of climbing, part of the Italian Alpine Club. Ratti climbed Mount Rosa complicated by the Swiss side, the Matterhorn and Mont Blanc, one of whose routes Ascent takes the name of Ratti. What Pope invented the current schedule? Gregory XIII (May 13, 1572 - April 10, 1585). In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII imposed the Gregorian calendar replaced the Julian calendar called which governed until then. The Julian calendar was in effect from 45 BC caused a delay of eleven days had to be corrected each https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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year. What popes prevented Hitler visitase the Sistine Chapel? Pius XI and Pius XII. The first decided to leave the Vatican for a few days for not having to receive Adolf Hitler and thus prevent it entered the Vatican city-state. The second decided to close the Sistine Chapel alleging that the frescoes of Michelangelo had to be cleaned.
Page 8 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website What Pope was a real hypochondriac and gave real pain head to the Vatican doctors? Pius XII. Houseflies feared him transmitiesen disease, so in all areas of the Vatican traps they were placed for this kinds of insects. Pius XII mentally suffered from chronic toothache, cardiac arrhythmias, colic, anemia, etc .. In real way suffered from gastritis chronicle. Pope brushed his teeth up to six times per day with a toothpaste specially designed for him by the Vatican chemical. Pius XII He claimed he had an infection in the gums, which was not true. He Pope heeded a Roman dentist who prescribed a special solution between whose components was a powerful acid that over the years and use, was burning her gums and was slowly poisoning. What Italian composer was vetoed by the Vatican? Pope Pius XII prohibited inside the Vatican City-State interpret the music of Giacomo Puccini. Apparently the pontiff does not like the one-act opera composed by Puccini and called Sister Angelica. The opera is a nun, Sister Angelica forced by his powerful family taking habits after giving birth to an illegitimate child. The child dies and nun commits suicide by taking a potion that she has done with a plants has started the convent garden. While dying, Sister Angelica is the Virgin Mary appears forgives and promises that anger to sky with his lost son. Puccini wrote this story in his view, based on an real case that was heard. The pope did not like the story according to the pontiff, he made apology for suicide. What is the only pope buried in Germany? https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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Clemente II (December 24, 1046 - October 9, 1047). Suidger, Bishop of Bamberg (Bavaria) and Earl of Morsleben and Hornburg accepted the suggestion of Emperor being named Pope. Although he died at the Abbey of St. Tommassi, near Pesaro, his corpse was escorted and buried in the Bamberg. What Pope slept only three hours? Juan XXIII. I used to go to bed at ten at night and get up at one of the tomorrow. At that hour he was devoted to reading and writing. Its main encyclicals He wrote at dawn. About six o'clock and slept half an hour then he is reintegrating into their activities. What Pope traveling with more than seventy-five boxes of books? Paul VI (21st of June 1963-6 agosto 1978). During his pastoral visits him hand liked having a good library. In the boxes could lead texts philosophical, religious or simple detective novels. Paul VI was fond Agatha Christie's novels. What Pope had been pagan? San Simmaco (November 22 498-19 514 julio) of Sardinia. He was elected pope but in his younger years he had been pagan. How pontiff was devoted to the poor ordering build hospitals and decided to triple the budget for alms.
Page 9 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website What artist replied to a pope? Miguel Angel Pope Julius II. The pontiff was not only a soldier but also a real patron of the arts. Julius II commissioned Bramante construction a new basilica at San Pedro and should be "as big a temple like no other exist. " The April 18, 1506 laid the foundation stone and the last twenty pontificates later. Michelangelo (1475 - 1564) was the commissioned to paint frescoes in the Sistine Chapel and Raphael (1483 - 1520) the papal apartments. Every morning, Julius II and poked his head shouts the artist asked, "When will be over?" while Miguel Angel responded, "When you are finished, His Serene Highness". What blessing Pope refused the Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria? Pius X (4 August 1903 August 20, 1914). The emperor had come to Rome https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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to formally request the papal blessing to the Austrian arms. Pope He said, "Get out of here, out of my sight. The papal blessing is not to who has thrown the world into war. " Francisco José left Rome without the blessing, while his policy towards Serbia was one of the main Causes of World War II. What Pope had a "dispute" with popular Father Christmas or Santa Claus? Paul VI (21st of June 1963-6 agosto 1978). The pontiff decided to remove the tens calendar of saints, whose origin was uncertain and even many of they had no evidence that they had actually existed. One of those calendar fell was the popular St. Nicholas who is known popularly known as Father Christmas or Santa Claus. For the Adriatic city of Bari, where their bones are buried, is the patron saint of the city and as the protector of sailors and castaways. For Italians, the holiday St. Nicholas is not celebrated at Christmas but in May. The date commemorates the day of the year 1087, when sailors returned from Asia with the remains of the saint. During the party fishing boats out to sea and deposited a coffin with flowers in the water. Apparently Paul VI had two things against San Nicolas. The first is that on the altar where lie the remains is written in Arabic, "Allah is God and Mohammed is his Prophet." To the Apparently the artists who were commissioned to make the tomb of St. Nicholas were Muslim and left their signature. The second is that the saint he adopted the persona of the Nordic character of Santa Claus. For him Vatican, Santa Claus ".... represents a monstrous substitute the Child Jesus and offends our faith. " The Vatican bulletin said that putting gifts children "... it was a form of insidious and distorts dechristianization
something pagan religious festival. " What revenge Napoleon devised for Pope Pius VII for refusing to crown as emperor? In 1804, Pope Pius VII (March 14, 1800 - August 20, 1823) decided to travel to Paris with the intention of crowning as emperor Napoleon Bonaparte France. Once there, the pontiff found that Napoleon had not married by the Church with the Empress Josephine, so Pius VII refused to until her marriage crown them were not consecrated by the Church Catholic. Napoleon was furious and decided to crown and crown car and as Emperor to Josephine. Before returning to Rome Pius VII, Napoleon gave
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the pope with a tiara, triple crown richly decorated with stones beautiful. In the center one could see an emerald splendid. The stone it had been stolen by Napoleon's troops during the Vatican treasure Pontificate of Pius VI (February 15, 1775 - August 29, 1799) predecessor Pius VII. What Pope ordered the execution of three people for a pearl? Pope Clement VI (May 7, 1342 - December 6, 1352) in 1348. Apparently one rich Venetian merchant decided to donate a large pearl to Church restored if a major disease. The trader He improved and fulfilled the promise giving pearl. The problem arose when Pearl discovered that this was part of the reliquary containing nothing more and nothing less than the skulls of San Pedro and San Pablo. Clement VI He ordered an investigation that led to the arrest of two robbers. In its twelve pearls to three rubies and a sapphire met all part Reliquary. Pope Clement VI himself decided the punishment to which they would convicted thieves. The two men were exposed for four days to the anger of the people locked in three small cages in the church Santa Maria de Araceli. After a horse dragged them through the streets of Rome tied by the feet. In the Lateran, they were cut right hand and burned alive at the stake. The Venetian merchant was also arrested, bound hand and foot on a donkey and led to the Lateran in where he was tortured and hanged. Later Pope Clement VI pardoned the three men and ordered a mass as apology to all sins committed by them. What pontiff helped Galileo first as cardinal and sentenced as Pope? Cardinal Maffeo Barberini, who took the name of Urban VIII 6 August 1623. Cardinal Barberini would be the main supporter of astronomer Galileo Galilei in his trial before the Inquisition. When Barberini was elected pope in 1623 summoned Galileo to Vatican. With the support of Pope astronomer wrote the 500-page treatise called Dialogue the two great cosmic systems. The manuscript passed approval five senior leaders of the Church before being published, but the Inquisition Galileo continued to monitor a protected by the Pope. Urban VIII pressured by the problems of the position and the gyrations caused by the French cardinal Richelieu and the Thirty Years' War, decided to shelve issues Galileo trivial as his protege. This gave a new opportunity to Inquisition that took him to court and pardoned him in return for his disown
theories. What Pope ordered a movie? Pope Pius XII in 1945 asked the great actor and director Vittorio de Sica's making a commercial film with unique economic contribution Vatican. Once completed the editing of the film, Pope Pius XII himself https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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decided the suspension of distribution. The Gate of Heaven, title film cost about forty thousand dollars of the time. Written history by Cesare Zavattini apparently showed a very bold subject, but his Once inside the canons marked by Pius XII. For the own De Sica, The Heaven's Gate was the best of his extensive filmography. There currently
Page 11 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website three copies of the movie. Two copies are canned and protected Vatican Secret Archives and the third of 16 mm. owned by Christian de Sica, son of Vittorio. In what was Heaven's Gate for it to be prohibited distribution by Pope Pius XII? The film lasting approximately an hour and a half recounted the experience of a group of people traveling on a train in search of a miracle. The train takes the journey from Rome to Loreto. Among the characters in for a miracle is an old housekeeper who travels Loreto to ask misfortune to end up family members to which he has worked all his life. A young worker who has also displayed become blind after an accident caused by a partner who is who guides him until his arrival in Loreto. The third character is a promising pianist whose hand has been paralyzed and targets Loreto Saint Ralph you back mobility. In a wagon Train travel is also a pair of orphans and know on the way to a rich man who is fond paralyzed them and adopt them. Apparently the Pope Pius XII did not like that many of the characters would be given the miracle even before the train came to Loreto. Who was the Vatican messenger between Vittorio de Sica and Pope Pius XII? A young priest named Giovanni Montini and eighteen years later occupy the throne of St. Peter with the name Paul VI. The anecdote De Sica was always told that one day the father asked Montini see through Camera and according to tradition in Italian cinema, all visitors looking for the camera should buy a round to the team that is in the dish. Montini paid thirty eight coffees and scones to the team. What Pope created a regulatory body grouping the cinema, the press and the TV? https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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Pope Pius XII in 1948. At first the Council for Communications aimed to take advantage of the media to spread the message of the Catholic Church. At first only covered the until film industry over the years began to cover Press (L 'Osservatore Romano "), radio (Radio Vatican), television (CTV) and the Internet ( www.vatican.va ) . Under what Pope developed the first known beatification and documented by the Catholic Church? Under Pope John XV (August 985 - March 996) in 993 and the Lateran city. The saint was first elected Ulrich, bishop of Augsburg. What word it was impossible to translate into Latin even though they tried the Latin scholars of the Vatican? Watergate. Name building in Washington DC and named the political espionage scandal that ended with the resignation of president the United States, Richard Nixon.
Page 12 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website What Pope was an assistant to whom he was known around the Vatican as "Pope Joan"? Pius XII (March 2, 1939 - October 9 1958). Who knew by the nickname " Pope Joan "was none other than Sister Pascualina, a nun who was assistant pope for more than four decades including nineteen in which he held the Chair of Peter. Pascualina Sister, born in August Josephine Lehnert 1894, became the close friend and next to the Holy Father person. During the years in which Pope Pius XII was, Sister Pascualina exercised power unused. It was she who decided who or did not have an audience with the Pope, even to delay for months requests for hearings conducted by a cardinal who did not like Sister Pascualina. Sor Pascualina met when Monsignor Pacelli had to pass a season in a nursing home. This was dedicated to maintaining long talks with the nun until one day told him they needed one housekeeper at the nunciature in Munich. Since then no longer they separated. Pascualina accompanied Sister Pacelli to Munich, then to Berlin as Vatican nuncio and finally to Rome, once the Cardinal Pacelli was https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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Pope appointed by the Conclave of 1939. What special missions responsible Pope Pius XII Pascualina Sister? It was very common to see Sister Pascualina the official car of the pontiff scrolling through Rome with a special mission. One of these happened when Rome had just been liberated by Allied troops during the Second World War. Sister Pascualina was claimed at the door by a who called herself Miss Clara Petacci. She was the mistress of Benito Mussolini. Petacci came to the Vatican with the mission entrusted by the Mussolini himself to ask Pope Pius XII to the general intermediase Dwight Eisenhower, commander of Allied forces in theater European operations to negotiate a peace agreement. In a letter written handwriting by the pope himself, asked the US military to accept peace with Italy, which Eisenhower rejected. A few days later Meeting with Sister Pascualina Petacci, she and her lover Benito Mussolini They were captured by guerrillas executed and their corpses hung upside down in a Milan square. With that future pontiffs had an altercation Pascualina Sister? For years, the nun had earned the hatred of much high Church hierarchy. For example it kept waiting for weeks to grant an audience with the Pope's own Vatican secretary of state.
Monsignor Tardini spent four long hours sitting at the door office of Pope. When the diplomat rose to protest, Sister Pascualina called a unit of the Swiss Guard to escoltasen to Monsignor Tardini to the outside of the Apostolic Palace, which they did. The there had been expected because Sister Pascualina had granted a papal audience the actor Gary Cooper at that time was in Rome. But if something's got Pascualina leg Sister was confronted with two bishops who years later would be elected popes. Bishop Angelo Roncalli, the future John XXIII made him wait about three hours and fifteen minutes because the Pope Pius XII held an informal meeting with actor Clark Gable. The bishop Roncalli chose not protest because I could be escorted by the Guard
Page 13 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website Switzerland. The second and more serious altercation I had the nun with the bishop Montini, the future Paul VI. Sister apparently had little appreciation Pascualina by religious, so he orchestrated a move that led to the https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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Vatican Montini away. A fact that was much surprised that the future pope was head of the powerful archdiocese of Milan without to be granted the cardinal red. This apparently was also the work of Sister Pascualina and Montini always recalled. What was the worst "conflict" historic generated Pascualina Sister? This happened an hour after the death of Pope Pius XII. Behind the announcement of the death of the pope, discovered the powerful Cardinal Tisserant Sister Pascualina that had emptied the contents of three mysterious drawers Pope died and deposited its contents in three bags. The low nun to boiler area of the Apostolic Palace and burned all documents. He Cardinal protested this action arguing that the nun documents of a Pope died immediately pass under the control of the Secret Archives Vatican until further study and classification. Sister Pascualina only he replied, "It was an express order of the Holy Father." What was Sister Pascualina after the death of Pope Pius XII? After the incident of the burning of documents, he sent to Cardinal Tisserant a priest rooms Sister Pascualina to inform it in twenty-four hours had to leave the Vatican installations. That night left the nun who had been resident in the last nineteen years with a small suitcase in one hand and the cage birds of Pius XII on the other. With this religious power 64 he had over forty, no one came to see her off. Thanks to the intervention of US Cardinal Spellman, Sr. was Pascualina It allowed to live in a house founded by the recently deceased pope. Lehnert or Pascualina Sister Josephine died of cardiac arrest in November 1983 at 89 years old in a chair from Vienna Airport. Religious heading to Rome full of documents showing the pontiff died twenty-five years ago was worthy of being sanctified by Pope John Paul II. Sister Pascualina took many secrets to the grave Vatican pontificates of six he witnessed. What Soviet political leader promised a Pope, "religious freedom" Catholics in the USSR? Mikhail Gorbachev, Pope John Paul II on December 1, 1989. That day There were two meetings between the two leaders, a formal and an informal. At Formal Gorbachev attended the pope and accompanied by an entourage consisting of twenty people including religious, political and his own advisers wife Raisa. In this first meeting which lasted about two hours they talked about unimportant issues. At the second meeting, this of informal and lasted only ten minutes, the leader of the Union Soviet promised the pope the respect and defense of religious freedom Catholics within the borders of the USSR, non-interference state in the appointment of bishops and the establishment of relations with the consequent diplomatic exchange of ambassadors between the https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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Kremlin and the Vatican. Gorbachev could never accomplish the first point
Page 14 www.ericfrattini.com - Official Website due to the refusal of the Russian Orthodox Church for religious freedom Catholics. What popes were the first to attempt a rapprochement between the Christian churches split the power of Rome over the centuries? Through Ecumenism, various popes began a long dialogue with other Christian Churches that had split the power of the Pope. For popes has been a matter required the return to Rome of the unit Orthodox, Anglican and Lutheran along centuries churches. First in trying this approach was Pope John XXIII (28 October 1958-3 June 1963), although it was Paul VI (21st of June 1963-6 agosto 1978) in 1967 when he took the first step to embrace the Orthodox Patriarch in Istanbul Athenagoras and pray with him for unity. During the different trips John Paul II, has participated in Orthodox, Lutheran and Anglican liturgies. He most important step of John Paul II by the approach happened on 9 March 1998 when the Council for Christian Unity approved this subject as a compulsory subject for study in seminaries. What Pope was dynamite and stonemason before being elected pope? Juan Pablo II. During the German occupation of Poland, Karol Wojtyla He worked in the quarries of Batki, near Krakow. Wojtyla needed develop useful work to the occupying forces to avoid being sent to the factories developed defense industry. The November 1, 1940 and with only twenty, he was promoted from a bomber by stonemason foreman who protected him. For a month Wojtyla was devoted to placing cartridges into cracks in the walls of the quarry. What Pope caused the schism that led to the Anglican Church? Clement VII (November 19, 1523 - September 25, 1534) when he decided excommunicate the king of England, Henry VIII. The king wanted to divorce Queen Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn. Pope Clement VII refused permission to Henry VIII. The king then asked the Parliament would support the creation of the Church of England with himself monarch as head of it. In 1982 John Paul II became the first pope to kiss the soil of England and pray in the Cathedral https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f
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